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 <h1 id="_1">开发第一个微服务应用</h1>
 <h2 id="_2">准备工作</h2>
 <p>在开发第一个Java-Chassis微服务之前，请先确保本地开发环境已经准备就绪，参考<a href="development-environment.html">安装本地开发环境</a>。</p>
 <p>运行这些例子之前，需要先安装<a href="https://github.com/apache/servicecomb-service-center">注册中心</a>
 和<a href="https://github.com/apache/servicecomb-kie">配置中心</a>
 。华为云提供一个出色的<a href="https://support.huaweicloud.com/devg-cse/cse_devg_0036.html">本地轻量化微服务引擎</a> , 可以直接下载安装使用，它包含了注册中心和配置中心。</p>
 <p>Java Chassis依赖于Spring Boot，如果对于Spring Boot比较陌生，可以先通过 <a href="https://spring.io/guides/gs/spring-boot/">Spring Boot入门</a> 了解。 </p>
 <h2 id="_3">例子介绍</h2>
 <p><a href="https://github.com/apache/servicecomb-samples/tree/master/basic">Basic示例</a> 包含了3个微服务： gateway, provider, consumer。
 这3个服务完成了一个最简单的微服务架构。 其中 provider 提供一个 REST 接口， consumer 调用 provider 的 REST 接口完成同样的功能。 gateway 作为微服务的接入端， 负责所有外部请求的接入。</p>
 <p>如果已经了解 JAVA + MAVEN 应用程序开发， 可以直接下载并运行这个示例。 下面介绍该示例的关键开发步骤。</p>
 <h2 id="rest">开发一个带 REST 接口的微服务</h2>
 <h3 id="pom">配置pom文件</h3>
 <p>创建一个空的maven工程。建议先配置<code>dependencyManagement</code>来管理依赖项</p>
 <pre><code class="language-xml">
 &lt;dependencyManagement&gt;
   &lt;dependencies&gt;
     &lt;dependency&gt;
       &lt;groupId&gt;org.apache.servicecomb&lt;/groupId&gt;
       &lt;artifactId&gt;java-chassis-dependencies&lt;/artifactId&gt;
       &lt;version&gt;${java-chassis-dependencies.version}&lt;/version&gt;
       &lt;type&gt;pom&lt;/type&gt;
       &lt;scope&gt;import&lt;/scope&gt;
     &lt;/dependency&gt;
   &lt;/dependencies&gt;
 &lt;/dependencyManagement&gt;
 </code></pre>
 <p>依赖项需要引入<code>solution-basic</code>, 并且引入注册中心、配置中心和Logger系统的依赖</p>
 <pre><code class="language-xml">
 &lt;dependencies&gt;
   &lt;dependency&gt;
     &lt;groupId&gt;org.apache.servicecomb&lt;/groupId&gt;
     &lt;artifactId&gt;solution-basic&lt;/artifactId&gt;
   &lt;/dependency&gt;
   &lt;!-- using log4j2 --&gt;
   &lt;dependency&gt;
     &lt;groupId&gt;org.apache.logging.log4j&lt;/groupId&gt;
     &lt;artifactId&gt;log4j-slf4j-impl&lt;/artifactId&gt;
   &lt;/dependency&gt;
   &lt;dependency&gt;
     &lt;groupId&gt;org.apache.logging.log4j&lt;/groupId&gt;
     &lt;artifactId&gt;log4j-api&lt;/artifactId&gt;
   &lt;/dependency&gt;
   &lt;dependency&gt;
     &lt;groupId&gt;org.apache.logging.log4j&lt;/groupId&gt;
     &lt;artifactId&gt;log4j-core&lt;/artifactId&gt;
   &lt;/dependency&gt;
   &lt;!-- using service-center &amp; kie --&gt;
   &lt;dependency&gt;
     &lt;groupId&gt;org.apache.servicecomb&lt;/groupId&gt;
     &lt;artifactId&gt;registry-service-center&lt;/artifactId&gt;
   &lt;/dependency&gt;
   &lt;dependency&gt;
     &lt;groupId&gt;org.apache.servicecomb&lt;/groupId&gt;
     &lt;artifactId&gt;config-kie&lt;/artifactId&gt;
   &lt;/dependency&gt;
   &lt;!-- using java chassis http transport --&gt;
   &lt;dependency&gt;
     &lt;groupId&gt;org.apache.servicecomb&lt;/groupId&gt;
     &lt;artifactId&gt;java-chassis-spring-boot-starter-standalone&lt;/artifactId&gt;
   &lt;/dependency&gt;
 &lt;/dependencies&gt;
 </code></pre>
 <p><code>solution-basic</code>中已经包含了常见场景下开发Java-Chassis微服务所需的全部依赖项。</p>
 <p>引入<code>maven-compiler-plugin</code>插件，使项目打包时保留方法参数名：</p>
 <pre><code class="language-xml">
 &lt;plugin&gt;
   &lt;groupId&gt;org.apache.maven.plugins&lt;/groupId&gt;
   &lt;artifactId&gt;maven-compiler-plugin&lt;/artifactId&gt;
   &lt;version&gt;${maven-compiler-plugin.version}&lt;/version&gt;
   &lt;configuration&gt;
     &lt;compilerArgument&gt;-parameters&lt;/compilerArgument&gt;
     &lt;source&gt;17&lt;/source&gt;
     &lt;target&gt;17&lt;/target&gt;
   &lt;/configuration&gt;
 &lt;/plugin&gt;
 </code></pre>
 <h3 id="_4">添加配置文件</h3>
 <p>按照Spring Boot应用程序要求，增加 <code>application.yaml</code> 文件 ，存放在<code>resources</code>目录中。</p>
 <p>文件内容如下，这份文件表示当前开发的是<code>basic-application</code>应用下的名为<code>provider</code>的微服务，版本为0.0.1。该微服务连接的注册中心地址为<code>http://localhost:30100</code>
 ，配置中心地址为<code>http://localhost:30110</code>。 该微服务监听HTTP协议的<code>9093</code>端口。</p>
 <pre><code class="language-yaml">servicecomb:
   service:
     application: basic-application
     name: provider
     version: 0.0.1
   rest:
     address: 0.0.0.0:9093
   # 注册发现
   registry:
     sc:
       address: http://localhost:30100
   # 动态配置
   kie:
     serverUri: http://localhost:30110
 </code></pre>
 <h3 id="_5">编写启动类</h3>
 <p>Java Chassis应用是一个标准的Spring Boot应用。本示例中，设置 <code>WebApplicationType.NONE</code>， 这样会使用 Java Chassis自带的高性能 HTTP 容器，而不使用 Spring
 Boot自带的WEB容器。</p>
 <pre><code class="language-java">
 @SpringBootApplication
 public class ProviderApplication {
   public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
     try {
       new SpringApplicationBuilder()
           .web(WebApplicationType.NONE)
           .sources(ProviderApplication.class)
           .run(args);
     } catch (Exception e) {
       e.printStackTrace();
     }
   }
 }
 </code></pre>
 <h3 id="_6">编写服务</h3>
 <p>本例子采用契约优先的开发方法。</p>
 <p>首先定义服务接口：</p>
 <pre><code class="language-java">@RequestMapping(path = &quot;/provider&quot;)
 public interface ProviderService {
   @GetMapping(&quot;/sayHello&quot;)
   String sayHello(@RequestParam(&quot;name&quot;) String name);

   @GetMapping(&quot;/exampleConfig&quot;)
   String exampleConfig();
 }
 </code></pre>
 <p>在工程中添加一个REST接口类用于接收请求：</p>
 <pre><code class="language-java">@RestSchema(schemaId = &quot;ProviderController&quot;, schemaInterface = ProviderService.class)
 public class ProviderController implements ProviderService {
   private DynamicProperties dynamicProperties;

   private String example;

   @Autowired
   public ProviderController(DynamicProperties dynamicProperties) {
     this.dynamicProperties = dynamicProperties;
     this.example = this.dynamicProperties.getStringProperty(&quot;basic.example&quot;,
         value -&gt; this.example = value, &quot;not set&quot;);
   }

   @Override
   public String sayHello(String name) {
     return &quot;Hello &quot; + name;
   }

   @Override
   public String exampleConfig() {
     return example;
   }
 }
 </code></pre>
 <p>该类实现了两个REST接口，其中<code>sayHello</code>实现了一个简单的echo程序；<code>exampleConfig</code>演示了如何通过配置中心下发配置项，并动态监听配置项的变化。</p>
 <h3 id="_7">添加日志配置文件</h3>
 <p>本例子引入了log4j2组件。如果想要看到运行日志，还需要手动添加一份日志配置文件，文件存放位置为<code>resources\log4j2.xml</code>，内容如下：</p>
 <pre><code class="language-xml">
 &lt;Configuration status=&quot;INFO&quot;&gt;
   &lt;Appenders&gt;
     &lt;Console name=&quot;Console&quot; target=&quot;SYSTEM_OUT&quot;&gt;
       &lt;PatternLayout pattern=&quot;[%d][%t][%p]%m [%c:%L]%n&quot;/&gt;
     &lt;/Console&gt;
   &lt;/Appenders&gt;
   &lt;Loggers&gt;
     &lt;Root level=&quot;INFO&quot;&gt;
       &lt;AppenderRef ref=&quot;Console&quot;/&gt;
     &lt;/Root&gt;
   &lt;/Loggers&gt;
 &lt;/Configuration&gt;
 </code></pre>
 <h3 id="_8">调用服务</h3>
 <p>在 Consumer 里面，演示了如何调用 Provider 的服务。 首先声明一个 PRC 接口的 Bean。</p>
 <pre><code class="language-java">@Configuration
 public class ProviderServiceConfiguration {
   @Bean
   public ProviderService providerService() {
     return Invoker.createProxy(&quot;provider&quot;, &quot;ProviderController&quot;, ProviderService.class);
   }
 }
 </code></pre>
 <p>使用 @Autowired 声明 RPC 接口的远程引用， 然后可以像调用本地方法一样，访问 Provider 的服务。</p>
 <pre><code class="language-java">@RestSchema(schemaId = &quot;ConsumerController&quot;, schemaInterface = ConsumerService.class)
 public class ConsumerController implements ConsumerService {
   private ProviderService providerService;

   @Autowired
   public void setProviderService(ProviderService providerService) {
     this.providerService = providerService;
   }

   @Override
   public String sayHello(String name) {
     return providerService.sayHello(name);
   }

   @Override
   public String exampleConfig() {
     return providerService.exampleConfig();
   }
 }
 </code></pre>
 <h3 id="_9">微服务网关</h3>
 <p>微服务网关是一个普通的微服务，需要额外引入 <code>edge-core</code> 。</p>
 <pre><code class="language-xml">
 &lt;dependency&gt;
   &lt;groupId&gt;org.apache.servicecomb&lt;/groupId&gt;
   &lt;artifactId&gt;edge-core&lt;/artifactId&gt;
 &lt;/dependency&gt;
 </code></pre>
 <h3 id="_10">启动服务</h3>
 <p>依次启动 <code>ProviderApplication</code>、<code>ConsumerApplication</code>和<code>GatewayApplication</code>， 访问 <code>http://localhost:9090/sayHello?name=World</code>
 ，可以得到响应<code>"Hello World!"</code>。</p>
 <p>打开注册中心、配置中心控制台，还可以看到微服务的实例列表。通过配置中心给 <code>ProviderApplication</code> 添加配置， 访问 <code>http://localhost:9090/exampleConfig</code> ,
 可以得到响应，响应包含了最新的配置项的值。 </p>
 <h3 id="nacos">使用<code>Nacos</code>注册中心和配置中心</h3>
 <p>本例子还可以使用 <code>Nacos</code> 作为注册中心和配置中心。 </p>
 <p>编译：</p>
 <pre><code class="language-text">mvn clean install -Pnacos
 </code></pre>
 <p>运行:</p>
 <pre><code class="language-text">java -Dspring.profiles.active=nacos -jar basic-provider-2.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
 </code></pre>
 <p>也可以在IDE里面选择 MAVEN 的 nacos PROFILE，并修改 application.yml 的 <code>spring.profiles.active</code> 为 nacos. </p>


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