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| <a href="../registry/nacos.html" class="md-nav__link"> |
| |
| |
| <span class="md-ellipsis"> |
| 使用Nacos |
| </span> |
| |
| |
| </a> |
| </li> |
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| |
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| <li class="md-nav__item"> |
| <a href="../registry/zookeeper.html" class="md-nav__link"> |
| |
| |
| <span class="md-ellipsis"> |
| 使用ZooKeeper |
| </span> |
| |
| |
| </a> |
| </li> |
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| |
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| |
| |
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| |
| <li class="md-nav__item"> |
| <a href="../registry/local-registry.html" class="md-nav__link"> |
| |
| |
| <span class="md-ellipsis"> |
| 本地注册发现 |
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| <li class="md-nav__item"> |
| <a href="../registry/distributed.html" class="md-nav__link"> |
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| <span class="md-ellipsis"> |
| 去中心化注册发现 |
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| </li> |
| |
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| </ul> |
| </nav> |
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| <label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_13" id="__nav_13_label" tabindex="0"> |
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| <span class="md-ellipsis"> |
| 多样化的配置管理功能 |
| </span> |
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| <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> |
| </label> |
| |
| <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_13_label" aria-expanded="false"> |
| <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_13"> |
| <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> |
| 多样化的配置管理功能 |
| </label> |
| <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix> |
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| 服务配置介绍 |
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| <a href="../config/read-config.html" class="md-nav__link"> |
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| 在程序中读取配置信息 |
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| <li class="md-nav__item"> |
| <a href="../config/kie.html" class="md-nav__link"> |
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| <span class="md-ellipsis"> |
| 使用Kie |
| </span> |
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| <li class="md-nav__item"> |
| <a href="../config/nacos.html" class="md-nav__link"> |
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| <span class="md-ellipsis"> |
| 使用Nacos |
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| <li class="md-nav__item"> |
| <a href="../config/zookeeper.html" class="md-nav__link"> |
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| <span class="md-ellipsis"> |
| 使用Zookeeper |
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| <li class="md-nav__item"> |
| <a href="../config/apollo.html" class="md-nav__link"> |
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| <span class="md-ellipsis"> |
| 使用Apollo |
| </span> |
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| <a href="../config/cse1.html" class="md-nav__link"> |
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| 使用CSE1.0配置中心 |
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| 服务治理功能参考 |
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| <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> |
| </label> |
| |
| <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_14_label" aria-expanded="false"> |
| <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_14"> |
| <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> |
| 服务治理功能参考 |
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| <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix> |
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| <a href="../references-handlers/rule-governance.html" class="md-nav__link"> |
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| <span class="md-ellipsis"> |
| 流量特征治理 |
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| <li class="md-nav__item"> |
| <a href="../references-handlers/governance-best-practise.html" class="md-nav__link"> |
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| 流量特征治理最佳实践 |
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| <a href="../references-handlers/loadbalance.html" class="md-nav__link"> |
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| <span class="md-ellipsis"> |
| 负载均衡 |
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| </a> |
| </li> |
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| <li class="md-nav__item"> |
| <a href="../references-handlers/ratelimit.html" class="md-nav__link"> |
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| <span class="md-ellipsis"> |
| 限流 |
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| <li class="md-nav__item"> |
| <a href="../references-handlers/router.html" class="md-nav__link"> |
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| <span class="md-ellipsis"> |
| 灰度发布 |
| </span> |
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| </li> |
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| <li class="md-nav__item"> |
| <a href="../references-handlers/fault-injection.html" class="md-nav__link"> |
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| <span class="md-ellipsis"> |
| 故障注入 |
| </span> |
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| </a> |
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| <li class="md-nav__item"> |
| <a href="../references-handlers/fail-retry.html" class="md-nav__link"> |
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| <span class="md-ellipsis"> |
| 快速失败和重试 |
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| </li> |
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| </ul> |
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| <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> |
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| <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_15" > |
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| <label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_15" id="__nav_15_label" tabindex="0"> |
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| <span class="md-ellipsis"> |
| 网关功能参考 |
| </span> |
| |
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| <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> |
| </label> |
| |
| <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_15_label" aria-expanded="false"> |
| <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_15"> |
| <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> |
| 网关功能参考 |
| </label> |
| <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix> |
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| <li class="md-nav__item"> |
| <a href="../edge/open-service.html" class="md-nav__link"> |
| |
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| <span class="md-ellipsis"> |
| 介绍 |
| </span> |
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| </a> |
| </li> |
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| <li class="md-nav__item"> |
| <a href="../edge/by-servicecomb-sdk.html" class="md-nav__link"> |
| |
| |
| <span class="md-ellipsis"> |
| 使用 Edge Service 做网关 |
| </span> |
| |
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| </a> |
| </li> |
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| |
| <li class="md-nav__item"> |
| <a href="../edge/zuul.html" class="md-nav__link"> |
| |
| |
| <span class="md-ellipsis"> |
| 使用 `zuul` 和 `spring cloud gateway` 做网关 |
| </span> |
| |
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| </a> |
| </li> |
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| <li class="md-nav__item"> |
| <a href="../edge/nginx.html" class="md-nav__link"> |
| |
| |
| <span class="md-ellipsis"> |
| nginx 网关简单介绍 |
| </span> |
| |
| |
| </a> |
| </li> |
| |
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| </ul> |
| </nav> |
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| </li> |
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| <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> |
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| <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_16" > |
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| <label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_16" id="__nav_16_label" tabindex="0"> |
| |
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| <span class="md-ellipsis"> |
| 安全特性参考 |
| </span> |
| |
| |
| <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> |
| </label> |
| |
| <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_16_label" aria-expanded="false"> |
| <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_16"> |
| <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> |
| 安全特性参考 |
| </label> |
| <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix> |
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| <li class="md-nav__item"> |
| <a href="../references-handlers/publickey.html" class="md-nav__link"> |
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| <span class="md-ellipsis"> |
| 公钥认证 |
| </span> |
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| </a> |
| </li> |
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| <li class="md-nav__item"> |
| <a href="../security/tls.html" class="md-nav__link"> |
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| <span class="md-ellipsis"> |
| 使用TLS通信 |
| </span> |
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| <li class="md-nav__item"> |
| <a href="../security/shi-yong-rsa-ren-zheng.html" class="md-nav__link"> |
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| <span class="md-ellipsis"> |
| 使用RSA认证 |
| </span> |
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| </a> |
| </li> |
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| </ul> |
| </nav> |
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| <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> |
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| <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_17" > |
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| <label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_17" id="__nav_17_label" tabindex="0"> |
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| <span class="md-ellipsis"> |
| 专题文章 |
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| <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> |
| </label> |
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| <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_17_label" aria-expanded="false"> |
| <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_17"> |
| <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> |
| 专题文章 |
| </label> |
| <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix> |
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| <li class="md-nav__item"> |
| <a href="../featured-topics/features.html" class="md-nav__link"> |
| |
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| <span class="md-ellipsis"> |
| 特性介绍 |
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| <li class="md-nav__item"> |
| <a href="../featured-topics/secrets.html" class="md-nav__link"> |
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| <span class="md-ellipsis"> |
| 技术解密 |
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| <a href="../featured-topics/upgrading.html" class="md-nav__link"> |
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| 升级指导 |
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| <li class="md-nav__item"> |
| <a href="../featured-topics/compatibility.html" class="md-nav__link"> |
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| <span class="md-ellipsis"> |
| 兼容问题和兼容性策略 |
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| <li class="md-nav__item"> |
| <a href="../featured-topics/performance.html" class="md-nav__link"> |
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| <span class="md-ellipsis"> |
| 性能问题分析和调优 |
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| <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> |
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| <label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_18" id="__nav_18_label" tabindex="0"> |
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| <span class="md-ellipsis"> |
| 常用配置项参考 |
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| <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> |
| </label> |
| |
| <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_18_label" aria-expanded="false"> |
| <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_18"> |
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| 常用配置项参考 |
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| <span class="md-ellipsis"> |
| REST Transport Client 配置项 |
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| <label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_19" id="__nav_19_label" tabindex="0"> |
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| <span class="md-ellipsis"> |
| 常见问题 |
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| <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> |
| </label> |
| |
| <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_19_label" aria-expanded="false"> |
| <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_19"> |
| <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> |
| 常见问题 |
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| FAQ |
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| Q & A |
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| 微服务接口兼容常见问题 |
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| </div> |
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| <div class="md-sidebar md-sidebar--secondary" data-md-component="sidebar" data-md-type="toc" > |
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| <div class="md-sidebar__inner"> |
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| <nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="Table of contents"> |
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| <label class="md-nav__title" for="__toc"> |
| <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> |
| Table of contents |
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| <a href="#java-chassis_1" class="md-nav__link"> |
| <span class="md-ellipsis"> |
| Java Chassis 软件工程实践 |
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| <li class="md-nav__item"> |
| <a href="#java-chassis_2" class="md-nav__link"> |
| <span class="md-ellipsis"> |
| Java Chassis 运行时架构 |
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| <li class="md-nav__item"> |
| <a href="#java-chassis_3" class="md-nav__link"> |
| <span class="md-ellipsis"> |
| Java Chassis 微服务应用架构 |
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| <h1 id="java-chassis">Java Chassis 设计参考</h1> |
| <p>Java Chassis 结合大量微服务开发实践，实现<a href="https://microservices.io/patterns/microservice-chassis.html">微服务架构模式</a> ， 帮 |
| 助开发者更加简单、快速的构建微服务应用。</p> |
| <p>Java Chassis主要实现了如下微服务架构模式功能：</p> |
| <ul> |
| <li>微服务之间的 RPC 通信。Java Chassis 提供了非常高效的通信方式，并支持多协议扩展，比如最快的 REST 通信模式实现， 异步的二进制通信模式 HIGHWAY 。 </li> |
| <li>分布式微服务注册和服务发现能力。Java Chassis支持使用不同的注册中心，实现分布式、多集群服务发现能力，以及微服务元数据管理能力。</li> |
| <li>分布式微服务配置管理能力。Java Chassis支持使用不同的配置中心，实现动态、集中的配置管理。开发者可以使用Spring Boot原生API访问配置，也可以使用Java Chassis新增API， 满足配置变更监听、优先级配置等高阶开发能力。 </li> |
| <li>分布式故障管理，服务容错、隔离、熔断。 内置故障实例隔离、故障重试、流量控制等过载防护和故障处理能力。</li> |
| <li>分布式日志追踪。 提供 Open Tracing 支持。 </li> |
| </ul> |
| <p>此外还有性能监控、日志管理、健康检查等功能。 Java Chassis 采用优雅的设计模式，实现了上述所有的核心部件的功能，并且使得这些功能开箱即用。使用 Java Chassis , 开发者能够更加聚焦于业务功能开发，快速的构建商业可用的微服务应用。 </p> |
| <h2 id="java-chassis_1">Java Chassis 软件工程实践 <a name="h1"></a></h2> |
| <p>Java Chassis 在设计的时候， 不仅考虑了如何更好的使用微服务架构模式， 还把优秀的软件工程思想融合进来， 帮助开发者更好的管理信息 |
| 资产， 提升软件工程管理能力。 </p> |
| <p>下图简单的描述 “以契约为中心” 的核心概念。 </p> |
| <p><img alt="" src="software-enginerring.png" /> </p> |
| <p>可以通过 Invocation 获取到 Java Chassis 的契约等源数据信息， 是 Java Chassis 的一个核心对象。 </p> |
| <p>可以阅读 <a href="https://bbs.huaweicloud.com/blogs/113640">基于CSE的微服务工程实践-以契约为中心</a> 了解契约如何应用的更多内容。 工程 |
| 实践不是 Java Chassis 的强制约束， 开发者可以结合实际情况进行选择。 </p> |
| <h2 id="java-chassis_2">Java Chassis 运行时架构 <a name="h2"></a></h2> |
| <p>为了支持软件工程实践， Java Chassis 的运行时架构是一个哑铃结构， 两端分别是“编程模型” 和 “通信模型”， 中间是“运行模型”。 </p> |
| <p><img alt="" src="https://bbs-img.huaweicloud.com/blogs/img/images_162633886685280.png" /></p> |
| <p>“编程模型” 面向开发者写服务接口的习惯， “通信模型” 面向微服务之间的高效编码和通信， “运行模型” 基于“契约”， 提供一种服务无关 |
| 的插拔机制，能够让开发者独立于业务实现开发治理功能，并且灵活的移除和增加功能，以及调整这些治理功能的处理顺序。 </p> |
| <p>“运行模型” 的核心抽象接口是 Filter ， 这个接口是一个异步的定义， Java Chassis 运行时模型采用纯异步的实现， 让整个系统运行非常 |
| 高效。 </p> |
| <p>可以阅读 <a href="http://servicecomb.apache.org/cn/docs/open-design/">Apache ServiceComb 的开放性设计</a> 了解 Java Chassis 运行时架构的其他设计考虑。 </p> |
| <h2 id="java-chassis_3">Java Chassis 微服务应用架构 <a name="h3"></a></h2> |
| <p>有很多优秀的微服务应用架构实践。 微服务应用架构应该充分考虑系统的弹性， 能够针对系统的性能瓶颈点进行扩容， 需要考虑应用系统内部微服务 |
| 拆分的灵活性， 为业务的变更做好及时调整。 </p> |
| <p>下图展示了一个典型的应用架构。 接入层采用一些网络基础设施，比如 DNS ， 浮动 IP 等方便用户采用统一的 URL 访问系统， 或者采用 API 网关等 |
| 基础设施实现系统的能力开放。 业务层包含应用网关， 进行一些认证鉴权、 审计等功能， 经过认证的请求被应用网关转发到微服务系统内部。 </p> |
| <p><img alt="" src="application-architect.png" /></p> |
| <p>可以阅读<a href="https://bbs.huaweicloud.com/blogs/101611">单体应用微服务改造实践</a> ， 了解为什么推荐这样的微服务应用架构。 Java Chassis |
| 为应用架构提供了接入网关服务 <a href="../edge/by-servicecomb-sdk.html">Edge Servcie</a>。 </p> |
| <h2 id="java-chassis_4">Java Chassis 微服务技术选型 <a name="h4"></a></h2> |
| <p>Java 语言拥有庞大的技术体系和标准， 并且广泛的应用到业务的系统的各个方面。 和 Java Chassis 有紧密关系的技术包括 JSP/Servlet 标准 |
| 和容器， Spring 和 Spring Boot 技术， 以及 Spring Boot 提供的 REST 开发框架 Spring MVC。 </p> |
| <h3 id="java-chassis-servlet">Java Chassis 和 Servlet 标准</h3> |
| <p>Java Chassis 基于 Vert.x 实现了 REST 和 HIGHWAY 等 RPC 协议的实现， 在性能要求高的核心业务场景， 使用这种轻量级的技术非常合适。 这种场景下， 没有完整的实现 JSP/Servlet 相关接口， 比如 HttpServletRequest, |
| HttpServletResponse 等。 <a href="https://github.com/apache/servicecomb-samples/tree/master/porter_lightweight">servicecomb-samples</a> |
| 提供了一个完整的使用这种部署模式的例子。 <a href="https://bbs.huaweicloud.com/blogs/101875">基于CSE的微服务架构实践-轻量级架构技术选型</a> 提供了 |
| 一些常见的组件的选型参考。 </p> |
| <p>Java Chassis 支持 Servlet 标准的容器。 在这个场景下， Java Chassis 的核心部件就是一个 Servlet ， 在这个 Servlet 里面 |
| 实现了 Java Chassis 的核心 RPC 系统。 采用 JSP/Servlet 容器运行 Java Chassis, 业务请求首先经过容器的 HTTP 实现， 然后经过 Filter， |
| 进入 Java Chassis 的 RestServlet ， 运行 Java Chassis 的运行时模型， 进入业务接口处理。 可以参考 |
| <a href="../transports/rest-over-servlet.html">REST over Servlet</a> 了解如何在 Servlet 容器中加载 Java Chassis 的 Servlet。 </p> |
| <h3 id="java-chassis-spring-boot">Java Chassis 和 Spring Boot</h3> |
| <p>Java Chassis 建立在 Spring Boot技术之上，核心部件都通过Spring Boot技术提供实现和扩展。 </p> |
| <p>Spring Boot 提供了多种运行环境支持， WebApplicationType.NONE, WebApplicationType.SERVLET, WebApplicationType.REACTIVE， |
| Java Chassis 可以集成 NONE, SERVLET 两种模式。 在 NONE 模式下集成 Java Chassis， 和 Spring Boot 自身的 REACTIVE 非常类似， |
| 但是比 Spring Boot 的 REACTIVE 运行更加高效， 并且支持早期的 RestTemplate API 和 RPC API 来访问服务。 </p> |
| <p>可以阅读<a href="https://bbs.huaweicloud.com/blogs/115961">基于CSE的微服务架构实践-Spring Boot技术栈选型</a> 了解一些常用的 Spring Boot |
| 开发的组件选型参考。 <a href="https://github.com/apache/servicecomb-samples/tree/master/porter_springboot">servicecomb-samples</a> 提供 |
| 了 WebApplicationType.SERVLET 使用 Spring Boot 的完整例子。 |
| WebApplicationType.NONE 模式等价于轻量级模式， 但是可以使用 Spring Boot 的打包功能以及其他开发组件支持。 </p> |
| <ul> |
| <li>Spring MVC </li> |
| </ul> |
| <p>Java Chassis 继承了 Spring MVC 的接口设计， 提供了 Provider 和 Consumer 层面的 API 接口来定义 REST 接口和访问 REST 接口。 但是需要 |
| 注意的是， 两个是完全不同的实现， 实现机制也不一样。 Spring Boot 主要基于 Servlet， 实现了 MVC 模式， 不仅可以开发 REST 接口， 还可以 |
| 开发其他 HTTP 功能， 比如重定向， 返回 HTML 页面等， 还可以通过 @ExceptionHandler， @ControllerAdvice 等机制拦截 Servlet 请求，进行 |
| 异常处理。 Java Chassis 只实现了 REST 服务定义和调用， 并且在异常处理机制和请求拦截机制上不一样。 开发细节上的差异可以通过 |
| <a href="../build-provider/springmvc.html">用SpringMVC 开发微服务</a> 进行了解。 </p> |
| <h2 id="java-chassis-spring-cloud">Java Chassis 与 Spring Cloud <a name="h5"></a></h2> |
| <p>Java Chassis 和 Spring Cloud 都实现了微服务架构模式， 相比而言， Java Chassis 是一个更加紧凑的实现， 开箱即用， 而 Spring Cloud 则是 |
| 相对松散的实现， 通常需要结合很多第三方的组件才能够完成端到端的微服务开发。 </p> |
| <p>微服务架构模式关注微服务内部和微服务之间的设计， 也关注微服务与微服务基础设施之间的关系。 Java Chassis 微服务基础设施包括服务注册和发现， |
| 服务配置管理， 灰度发布和契约管理等功能。 Spring Cloud 可以使用 <a href="https://github.com/huaweicloud/spring-cloud-huawei">spring-cloud-huawei</a> |
| 来使用 Java Chassis 相关的微服务基础设施。 </p> |
| <p><img alt="" src="spring-cloud-servicecomb.png" /></p> |
| <p>可以阅读<a href="https://bbs.huaweicloud.com/blogs/115718">基于CSE的微服务架构实践-Spring Cloud技术栈选型</a> 了解 Java Chassis 和 Spring Cloud 组件选型上的一些差异。 </p> |
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