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| Highway |
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| <li class="md-nav__item"> |
| <a href="../config/read-config.html" class="md-nav__link"> |
| |
| |
| <span class="md-ellipsis"> |
| 在程序中读取配置信息 |
| </span> |
| |
| |
| </a> |
| </li> |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| <li class="md-nav__item"> |
| <a href="../config/kie.html" class="md-nav__link"> |
| |
| |
| <span class="md-ellipsis"> |
| 使用Kie |
| </span> |
| |
| |
| </a> |
| </li> |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
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| |
| <li class="md-nav__item"> |
| <a href="../config/nacos.html" class="md-nav__link"> |
| |
| |
| <span class="md-ellipsis"> |
| 使用Nacos |
| </span> |
| |
| |
| </a> |
| </li> |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
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| |
| <li class="md-nav__item"> |
| <a href="../config/zookeeper.html" class="md-nav__link"> |
| |
| |
| <span class="md-ellipsis"> |
| 使用Zookeeper |
| </span> |
| |
| |
| </a> |
| </li> |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| <li class="md-nav__item"> |
| <a href="../config/apollo.html" class="md-nav__link"> |
| |
| |
| <span class="md-ellipsis"> |
| 使用Apollo |
| </span> |
| |
| |
| </a> |
| </li> |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
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| |
| <li class="md-nav__item"> |
| <a href="../config/cse1.html" class="md-nav__link"> |
| |
| |
| <span class="md-ellipsis"> |
| 使用CSE1.0配置中心 |
| </span> |
| |
| |
| </a> |
| </li> |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| </ul> |
| </nav> |
| |
| </li> |
| |
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| |
| <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active md-nav__item--nested"> |
| |
| |
| |
| <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_14" checked> |
| |
| |
| <label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_14" id="__nav_14_label" tabindex="0"> |
| |
| |
| <span class="md-ellipsis"> |
| 服务治理功能参考 |
| </span> |
| |
| |
| <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> |
| </label> |
| |
| <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_14_label" aria-expanded="true"> |
| <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_14"> |
| <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> |
| 服务治理功能参考 |
| </label> |
| <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix> |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| <li class="md-nav__item"> |
| <a href="rule-governance.html" class="md-nav__link"> |
| |
| |
| <span class="md-ellipsis"> |
| 流量特征治理 |
| </span> |
| |
| |
| </a> |
| </li> |
| |
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| |
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| |
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| |
| <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active"> |
| |
| <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" type="checkbox" id="__toc"> |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| <label class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active" for="__toc"> |
| |
| |
| <span class="md-ellipsis"> |
| 流量特征治理最佳实践 |
| </span> |
| |
| |
| <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> |
| </label> |
| |
| <a href="governance-best-practise.html" class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active"> |
| |
| |
| <span class="md-ellipsis"> |
| 流量特征治理最佳实践 |
| </span> |
| |
| |
| </a> |
| |
| |
| |
| <nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="Table of contents"> |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| <label class="md-nav__title" for="__toc"> |
| <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> |
| Table of contents |
| </label> |
| <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-component="toc" data-md-scrollfix> |
| |
| <li class="md-nav__item"> |
| <a href="#_2" class="md-nav__link"> |
| <span class="md-ellipsis"> |
| 应用网关治理设计 |
| </span> |
| </a> |
| |
| <nav class="md-nav" aria-label="应用网关治理设计"> |
| <ul class="md-nav__list"> |
| |
| <li class="md-nav__item"> |
| <a href="#_3" class="md-nav__link"> |
| <span class="md-ellipsis"> |
| 配置 |
| </span> |
| </a> |
| |
| </li> |
| |
| <li class="md-nav__item"> |
| <a href="#_4" class="md-nav__link"> |
| <span class="md-ellipsis"> |
| 持续演进 |
| </span> |
| </a> |
| |
| </li> |
| |
| </ul> |
| </nav> |
| |
| </li> |
| |
| <li class="md-nav__item"> |
| <a href="#_5" class="md-nav__link"> |
| <span class="md-ellipsis"> |
| 微服务治理设计 |
| </span> |
| </a> |
| |
| <nav class="md-nav" aria-label="微服务治理设计"> |
| <ul class="md-nav__list"> |
| |
| <li class="md-nav__item"> |
| <a href="#_6" class="md-nav__link"> |
| <span class="md-ellipsis"> |
| 配置 |
| </span> |
| </a> |
| |
| </li> |
| |
| <li class="md-nav__item"> |
| <a href="#_7" class="md-nav__link"> |
| <span class="md-ellipsis"> |
| 持续演进 |
| </span> |
| </a> |
| |
| </li> |
| |
| </ul> |
| </nav> |
| |
| </li> |
| |
| <li class="md-nav__item"> |
| <a href="#_8" class="md-nav__link"> |
| <span class="md-ellipsis"> |
| 关于最佳实践的说明 |
| </span> |
| </a> |
| |
| </li> |
| |
| </ul> |
| |
| </nav> |
| |
| </li> |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| <li class="md-nav__item"> |
| <a href="loadbalance.html" class="md-nav__link"> |
| |
| |
| <span class="md-ellipsis"> |
| 负载均衡 |
| </span> |
| |
| |
| </a> |
| </li> |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| <li class="md-nav__item"> |
| <a href="ratelimit.html" class="md-nav__link"> |
| |
| |
| <span class="md-ellipsis"> |
| 限流 |
| </span> |
| |
| |
| </a> |
| </li> |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| <li class="md-nav__item"> |
| <a href="router.html" class="md-nav__link"> |
| |
| |
| <span class="md-ellipsis"> |
| 灰度发布 |
| </span> |
| |
| |
| </a> |
| </li> |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| <li class="md-nav__item"> |
| <a href="fault-injection.html" class="md-nav__link"> |
| |
| |
| <span class="md-ellipsis"> |
| 故障注入 |
| </span> |
| |
| |
| </a> |
| </li> |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| <li class="md-nav__item"> |
| <a href="fail-retry.html" class="md-nav__link"> |
| |
| |
| <span class="md-ellipsis"> |
| 快速失败和重试 |
| </span> |
| |
| |
| </a> |
| </li> |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| </ul> |
| </nav> |
| |
| </li> |
| |
| |
| |
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| |
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| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> |
| |
| |
| |
| <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_15" > |
| |
| |
| <label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_15" id="__nav_15_label" tabindex="0"> |
| |
| |
| <span class="md-ellipsis"> |
| 网关功能参考 |
| </span> |
| |
| |
| <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> |
| </label> |
| |
| <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_15_label" aria-expanded="false"> |
| <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_15"> |
| <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> |
| 网关功能参考 |
| </label> |
| <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix> |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| <li class="md-nav__item"> |
| <a href="../edge/open-service.html" class="md-nav__link"> |
| |
| |
| <span class="md-ellipsis"> |
| 介绍 |
| </span> |
| |
| |
| </a> |
| </li> |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| <li class="md-nav__item"> |
| <a href="../edge/by-servicecomb-sdk.html" class="md-nav__link"> |
| |
| |
| <span class="md-ellipsis"> |
| 使用 Edge Service 做网关 |
| </span> |
| |
| |
| </a> |
| </li> |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| <li class="md-nav__item"> |
| <a href="../edge/zuul.html" class="md-nav__link"> |
| |
| |
| <span class="md-ellipsis"> |
| 使用 `zuul` 和 `spring cloud gateway` 做网关 |
| </span> |
| |
| |
| </a> |
| </li> |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| <li class="md-nav__item"> |
| <a href="../edge/nginx.html" class="md-nav__link"> |
| |
| |
| <span class="md-ellipsis"> |
| nginx 网关简单介绍 |
| </span> |
| |
| |
| </a> |
| </li> |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| </ul> |
| </nav> |
| |
| </li> |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> |
| |
| |
| |
| <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_16" > |
| |
| |
| <label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_16" id="__nav_16_label" tabindex="0"> |
| |
| |
| <span class="md-ellipsis"> |
| 安全特性参考 |
| </span> |
| |
| |
| <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> |
| </label> |
| |
| <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_16_label" aria-expanded="false"> |
| <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_16"> |
| <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> |
| 安全特性参考 |
| </label> |
| <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix> |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| <li class="md-nav__item"> |
| <a href="publickey.html" class="md-nav__link"> |
| |
| |
| <span class="md-ellipsis"> |
| 公钥认证 |
| </span> |
| |
| |
| </a> |
| </li> |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| <li class="md-nav__item"> |
| <a href="../security/tls.html" class="md-nav__link"> |
| |
| |
| <span class="md-ellipsis"> |
| 使用TLS通信 |
| </span> |
| |
| |
| </a> |
| </li> |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| <li class="md-nav__item"> |
| <a href="../security/shi-yong-rsa-ren-zheng.html" class="md-nav__link"> |
| |
| |
| <span class="md-ellipsis"> |
| 使用RSA认证 |
| </span> |
| |
| |
| </a> |
| </li> |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| </ul> |
| </nav> |
| |
| </li> |
| |
| |
| |
| |
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| |
| |
| |
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| |
| <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> |
| |
| |
| |
| <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_17" > |
| |
| |
| <label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_17" id="__nav_17_label" tabindex="0"> |
| |
| |
| <span class="md-ellipsis"> |
| 专题文章 |
| </span> |
| |
| |
| <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> |
| </label> |
| |
| <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_17_label" aria-expanded="false"> |
| <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_17"> |
| <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> |
| 专题文章 |
| </label> |
| <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix> |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| <li class="md-nav__item"> |
| <a href="../featured-topics/features.html" class="md-nav__link"> |
| |
| |
| <span class="md-ellipsis"> |
| 特性介绍 |
| </span> |
| |
| |
| </a> |
| </li> |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
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| |
| <li class="md-nav__item"> |
| <a href="../featured-topics/secrets.html" class="md-nav__link"> |
| |
| |
| <span class="md-ellipsis"> |
| 技术解密 |
| </span> |
| |
| |
| </a> |
| </li> |
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| |
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| |
| <li class="md-nav__item"> |
| <a href="../featured-topics/upgrading.html" class="md-nav__link"> |
| |
| |
| <span class="md-ellipsis"> |
| 升级指导 |
| </span> |
| |
| |
| </a> |
| </li> |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
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| |
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| |
| <li class="md-nav__item"> |
| <a href="../featured-topics/compatibility.html" class="md-nav__link"> |
| |
| |
| <span class="md-ellipsis"> |
| 兼容问题和兼容性策略 |
| </span> |
| |
| |
| </a> |
| </li> |
| |
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| |
| <li class="md-nav__item"> |
| <a href="../featured-topics/performance.html" class="md-nav__link"> |
| |
| |
| <span class="md-ellipsis"> |
| 性能问题分析和调优 |
| </span> |
| |
| |
| </a> |
| </li> |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| </ul> |
| </nav> |
| |
| </li> |
| |
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| |
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| |
| <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> |
| |
| |
| |
| <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_18" > |
| |
| |
| <label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_18" id="__nav_18_label" tabindex="0"> |
| |
| |
| <span class="md-ellipsis"> |
| 常用配置项参考 |
| </span> |
| |
| |
| <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> |
| </label> |
| |
| <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_18_label" aria-expanded="false"> |
| <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_18"> |
| <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> |
| 常用配置项参考 |
| </label> |
| <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix> |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| <li class="md-nav__item"> |
| <a href="../config-reference/rest-transport-client.html" class="md-nav__link"> |
| |
| |
| <span class="md-ellipsis"> |
| REST Transport Client 配置项 |
| </span> |
| |
| |
| </a> |
| </li> |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| </ul> |
| </nav> |
| |
| </li> |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
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| |
| <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> |
| |
| |
| |
| <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_19" > |
| |
| |
| <label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_19" id="__nav_19_label" tabindex="0"> |
| |
| |
| <span class="md-ellipsis"> |
| 常见问题 |
| </span> |
| |
| |
| <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> |
| </label> |
| |
| <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_19_label" aria-expanded="false"> |
| <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_19"> |
| <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> |
| 常见问题 |
| </label> |
| <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix> |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| <li class="md-nav__item"> |
| <a href="../question-and-answer/faq.html" class="md-nav__link"> |
| |
| |
| <span class="md-ellipsis"> |
| FAQ |
| </span> |
| |
| |
| </a> |
| </li> |
| |
| |
| |
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| |
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| <li class="md-nav__item"> |
| <a href="../question-and-answer/question_answer.html" class="md-nav__link"> |
| |
| |
| <span class="md-ellipsis"> |
| Q & A |
| </span> |
| |
| |
| </a> |
| </li> |
| |
| |
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| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
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| <li class="md-nav__item"> |
| <a href="../question-and-answer/interface-compatibility.html" class="md-nav__link"> |
| |
| |
| <span class="md-ellipsis"> |
| 微服务接口兼容常见问题 |
| </span> |
| |
| |
| </a> |
| </li> |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| </ul> |
| </nav> |
| |
| </li> |
| |
| |
| |
| </ul> |
| </nav> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| |
| |
| |
| <div class="md-sidebar md-sidebar--secondary" data-md-component="sidebar" data-md-type="toc" > |
| <div class="md-sidebar__scrollwrap"> |
| <div class="md-sidebar__inner"> |
| |
| |
| <nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="Table of contents"> |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| <label class="md-nav__title" for="__toc"> |
| <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> |
| Table of contents |
| </label> |
| <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-component="toc" data-md-scrollfix> |
| |
| <li class="md-nav__item"> |
| <a href="#_2" class="md-nav__link"> |
| <span class="md-ellipsis"> |
| 应用网关治理设计 |
| </span> |
| </a> |
| |
| <nav class="md-nav" aria-label="应用网关治理设计"> |
| <ul class="md-nav__list"> |
| |
| <li class="md-nav__item"> |
| <a href="#_3" class="md-nav__link"> |
| <span class="md-ellipsis"> |
| 配置 |
| </span> |
| </a> |
| |
| </li> |
| |
| <li class="md-nav__item"> |
| <a href="#_4" class="md-nav__link"> |
| <span class="md-ellipsis"> |
| 持续演进 |
| </span> |
| </a> |
| |
| </li> |
| |
| </ul> |
| </nav> |
| |
| </li> |
| |
| <li class="md-nav__item"> |
| <a href="#_5" class="md-nav__link"> |
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| 微服务治理设计 |
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| 配置 |
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| 持续演进 |
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| 关于最佳实践的说明 |
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| <h1 id="_1">流量特征治理最佳实践</h1> |
| <p>在<a href="../start/design.html">Java Chassis设计参考</a>中总结了典型的微服务应用架构：</p> |
| <p><img alt="" src="../start/application-architect.png" /></p> |
| <p>参考这个架构，微服务系统有两个比较重要的微服务部件：应用网关和微服务。 这两个部件是微服务治理的重点对象，它们所处的位置和作用存在一些差异，因此应用服务治理的策略也会有所不同。 本文以这个两个部件说明常见的治理策略设计。 </p> |
| <p>首先，对应系统的所有API访问，做一个全局的业务定义。 </p> |
| <pre><code class="language-yaml">servicecomb: |
| matchGroup: |
| allOperation: | |
| matches: |
| - apiPath: |
| prefix: "/" |
| </code></pre> |
| <h2 id="_2">应用网关治理设计</h2> |
| <p>应用网关需要根据系统能够处理的最大流量，配置限流器，快速拒绝超过系统的流量，由用户（前端脚本）发起重试，在保证系统可用性的同时，尽可能降低对于用户体验的影响。还需要提供一定的基于背压的服务治理能力，比如如果后端服务某个实例不可用，或者某个服务刚刚启动完毕，需要初始化，发往这些服务的请求会表现为时延增加，如果不根据时延增加的反馈进行流量控制，就会导致用户体验极速下降。</p> |
| <p><img alt="" src="gateway-governance.png" /></p> |
| <p>应用网关配置限流器、熔断器和隔离仓。</p> |
| <ul> |
| <li>服务端限流器：超过系统最大处理能力的请求场景，限流值的依据是压测的真实能力数据，可以控制在最大处理能力的80%左右。在系统上线初始阶段，默认设置全局限流器。在无法估算限流大小的时候，可以将流量限制设置为一个最大值，限流器也可以起到流量梳理平滑流量的作用。</li> |
| <li>客户端熔断器：主要解决实例异常下线，本地缓存感知不及时的问题。实例熔断后会触发实例查询。因此，应用网关的熔断器的隔离时间会设置的比较短。</li> |
| <li>客户端隔离仓：主要解决故障场景，比如数据库故障恢复、实例重启等，系统吞吐量下降的情况；或者微服务第一次启动、微服务长期没有请求突然进来大量请求的场景，这些场景可以限制并发连接，避免造成微服务和网关CPU大量使用，请求超时。</li> |
| <li>应用网关可选客户端容错配置。最佳的方案是由小程序、WEB端应用发起重试，进行客户端容错。 </li> |
| </ul> |
| <h3 id="_3">配置</h3> |
| <pre><code class="language-yaml">servicecomb: |
| matchGroup: |
| allOperation: | |
| matches: |
| - apiPath: |
| prefix: "/" |
| rateLimiting: |
| ## 限流器每10毫秒允许通过100个请求，如果一个请求超过1000毫秒没有获取到 |
| ## 许可，将被拒绝 |
| allOperation: | |
| rate: 100 |
| limitRefreshPeriod: 10 |
| timeoutDuration: 1000 |
| instanceIsolation: |
| ## 熔断器错误率达到50%或者耗时请求达到100%，将开启。 |
| ## 开启时间为5000毫秒，然后会放通10个请求。 |
| allOperation: | |
| minimumNumberOfCalls: 10 |
| slidingWindowSize: 20 |
| slidingWindowType: COUNT_BASED |
| failureRateThreshold: 50 |
| slowCallRateThreshold: 100 |
| slowCallDurationThreshold: 1000 |
| waitDurationInOpenState: 5000 |
| permittedNumberOfCallsInHalfOpenState: 10 |
| instanceBulkhead: |
| ## 隔离仓限制正在处理的请求数为20个，新来的请求等待1000毫秒没有获取到 |
| ## 许可，将被拒绝。 |
| allOperation: | |
| maxConcurrentCalls: 20 |
| maxWaitDuration: 1000 |
| </code></pre> |
| <h3 id="_4">持续演进</h3> |
| <p>场景一：耗时请求需要配置独立的限流策略。需要结合业务的持续演进，进行配置增加。</p> |
| <pre><code class="language-yaml">servicecomb: |
| matchGroup: |
| timeConsumingOperation: | |
| matches: |
| - apiPath: |
| prefix: "/timeConsumingOperation" |
| rateLimiting: |
| ## 限流器每100毫秒允许通过1个请求，如果一个请求超过1000毫秒没有获取到 |
| ## 许可，将被拒绝 |
| timeConsumingOperation: | |
| rate: 1 |
| limitRefreshPeriod: 100 |
| timeoutDuration: 1000 |
| </code></pre> |
| <p>场景二：需要防止机器人的场景，或者需要防止DDOS的场景，需要先考虑应用网关的扩容，然后根据用户ID或者请求端IP进行分布式限流。应用系统在规划的时候，需要考虑将用户ID通过HTTP HEADER的方式传递；或者ELB需要将客户的IP通过x-real-ip HTTP HEADER传递。</p> |
| <pre><code class="language-yaml">servicecomb: |
| matchGroup: |
| allOperation: | |
| matches: |
| - apiPath: |
| prefix: "/" |
| identifierRateLimiting: |
| ## 限流器每100毫秒允许通过1个请求，如果一个请求超过1000毫秒没有获取到 |
| ## 许可，将被拒绝。相当于限制每个用户1秒钟10个请求。 |
| allOperation: | |
| rate: 1 |
| limitRefreshPeriod: 100 |
| timeoutDuration: 1000 |
| identifier: user-id |
| </code></pre> |
| <h2 id="_5">微服务治理设计</h2> |
| <p>微服务治理设计和网关设计有很多类似之处，也有少量的差异。 </p> |
| <p><img alt="" src="service-governance.png" /></p> |
| <p>微服务配置服务端限流、服务端隔离仓、客户端容错、客户端熔断和客户端隔离仓。</p> |
| <ul> |
| <li>服务端限流器：超过系统最大处理能力的请求场景，限流值的依据是压测的真实能力数据，可以控制在最大处理能力的80%左右。在系统上线初始阶段，默认设置全局限流器。在无法估算限流大小的时候，可以将流量限制设置为一个最大值，限流器也可以起到流量梳理平滑流量的作用。</li> |
| <li>服务端隔离仓：主要针对耗时请求进行配置，防止耗时请求占用其他请求的处理资源。</li> |
| <li>客户端重试器：主要解决网络错误、服务上下线的短暂故障等进行快速重试，降低错误率。该重试器只针对发送请求失败的场景，不涉及接口幂等问题。</li> |
| <li>客户端熔断器：主要解决实例故障客户端没感知的场景，实现实例的快速刷新和同步。</li> |
| <li>客户端隔离仓：主要解决故障场景，比如数据库故障恢复、实例重启等，系统吞吐量下降的情况；或者微服务第一次启动、微服务长期没有请求突然进来大量请求的场景，这些场景可以限制并发连接，避免造成微服务和网关CPU大量使用，请求超时。</li> |
| </ul> |
| <h3 id="_6">配置</h3> |
| <pre><code class="language-yaml">servicecomb: |
| matchGroup: |
| allOperation: | |
| matches: |
| - apiPath: |
| prefix: "/" |
| rateLimiting: |
| ## 限流器每10毫秒允许通过100个请求，如果一个请求超过1000毫秒没有获取到 |
| ## 许可，将被拒绝 |
| allOperation: | |
| rate: 100 |
| limitRefreshPeriod: 10 |
| timeoutDuration: 1000 |
| instanceIsolation: |
| ## 熔断器错误率达到50%或者耗时请求达到100%，将开启。 |
| ## 开启时间为5000毫秒，然后会放通10个请求。 |
| allOperation: | |
| minimumNumberOfCalls: 10 |
| slidingWindowSize: 20 |
| slidingWindowType: COUNT_BASED |
| failureRateThreshold: 50 |
| slowCallRateThreshold: 100 |
| slowCallDurationThreshold: 1000 |
| waitDurationInOpenState: 5000 |
| permittedNumberOfCallsInHalfOpenState: 10 |
| instanceBulkhead: |
| ## 隔离仓限制正在处理的请求数为20个，新来的请求等待1000毫秒没有获取到 |
| ## 许可，将被拒绝。 |
| allOperation: | |
| maxConcurrentCalls: 20 |
| maxWaitDuration: 1000 |
| </code></pre> |
| <h3 id="_7">持续演进</h3> |
| <p>场景一：服务端耗时请求，需要增加隔离仓配置。</p> |
| <pre><code class="language-yaml">servicecomb: |
| matchGroup: |
| timeConsumingOperation: | |
| matches: |
| - apiPath: |
| prefix: "/timeConsumingOperation" |
| bulkhead: |
| ## 隔离仓限制正在处理的请求数为2个，新来的请求等待1000毫秒没有获取到 |
| ## 许可，将被拒绝。 |
| timeConsumingOperation: | |
| maxConcurrentCalls: 2 |
| maxWaitDuration: 1000 |
| </code></pre> |
| <h2 id="_8">关于最佳实践的说明</h2> |
| <p>任何的服务治理策略，都无法保证所有场景都能够优雅的工作，需要在成功率、可靠性、用户体验等多方面进行权衡，最佳实践提到的策略也不例外。最佳实践总体上倾向于设计一个准实时、优先保证用户体验的策略，并且尽可能的防止系统产生雪崩效应。这个策略在检测到系统过载的条件下，优先使用快速失败的策略，降低对于系统资源的占用，并通过重试来降低快速失败对于用户体验的影响。这种策略对于追求用户体验的互联网系统是非常棒的选择。这种策略会导致较多的请求失败（虽然通过重试可以成功），所以它不太适合对于成功率要求高于用户体验影响的场景，对于这些场景，在隔离仓上面应该配置更大的并发数限制，并设置较长的请求等待时间。</p> |
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