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 <h1 id="_1">文件上传开发指导</h1>
 <p>当 HTTP 消息体是 <code>multipart/form-data</code>， 表示文件上传。</p>
 <pre><code class="language-text">GET /apps HTTP/1.1
 Host: 127.0.0.1:8080
 Accept-Language: zh
 Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----boundary-example----

 ----boundary-example----
 Content-Disposition: form-data; name=&quot;multiPartParamExample1&quot;

 contents of multiPartParamExample1
 ----boundary-example----
 Content-Disposition: form-data; name=&quot;multiPartParamExample2&quot;

 contents of multiPartParamExample2
 ----boundary-example----
 </code></pre>
 <blockquote>
 <blockquote>
 <blockquote>
 <p>multipart/form-data 也可以表示 Form 参数， 和 application/x-www-form-urlencoded 用法一样。为了避免混淆和简洁，建议multipart/form-data专用于文件上传场景。</p>
 </blockquote>
 </blockquote>
 </blockquote>
 <h2 id="_2">服务提供者开发</h2>
 <p>服务提供者可以采用Spring MVC 或者 Jax RS定义上传接口。</p>
 <ul>
 <li>采用Spring MVC</li>
 </ul>
 <pre><code class="language-java">@PostMapping(path = &quot;multiPartSpringMVCExample&quot;, consumes = MediaType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA_VALUE)
 public String multiPartSpringMVCExample(@RequestPart(&quot;multiPartParamExample1&quot;) MultipartFile example1,
 @RequestPart(&quot;multiPartParamExample2&quot;) MultipartFile example2)
 </code></pre>
 <p>文件上传需要通过 @RequestPart 声明参数，参数类型支持 servlet 定义的 javax.servlet.http.Part 类型，也支持
 org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile 类型，两种数据类型功能是一致的，MultipartFile 的底
 层也是Part。 两种数据类型可以混合使用，比如第一个参数是Part，第二个参数是MultipartFile。 </p>
 <p>除了通过定义多个参数的方式上传多个文件，也可以通过List或者数组的方式声明上传多个文件。</p>
 <pre><code class="language-java">@PostMapping(path = &quot;/fileUpload&quot;, produces = MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN_VALUE,
   consumes = MediaType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA_VALUE)
 public String fileUpload(@RequestPart(name = &quot;files&quot;)  List&lt;MultipartFile&gt; files)

 @PostMapping(path = &quot;/fileUpload&quot;, produces = MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN_VALUE,
   consumes = MediaType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA_VALUE)
 public String fileUpload(@RequestPart(name = &quot;files&quot;) MultipartFile[] files)
 </code></pre>
 <blockquote>
 <blockquote>
 <blockquote>
 <p>说明： 使用 List 或者数组，在HTTP参数映射中，多个文件对应于同名的 form 内容，这不是一个好的 API 设计实践。建议非必要不使用 List 或者数组作为文件上传参数。 </p>
 </blockquote>
 </blockquote>
 </blockquote>
 <p>可以通过 <code>@RequestAttribute</code> 获取其他额外信息。</p>
 <pre><code class="language-java">@PostMapping(path = &quot;multiPartSpringMVCExample&quot;, consumes = MediaType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA_VALUE)
 public String multiPartSpringMVCExample(@RequestPart(&quot;multiPartParamExample1&quot;) MultipartFile example1,
 @RequestPart(&quot;multiPartParamExample2&quot;) MultipartFile example2,
      @RequestAttribute(&quot;message&quot;) String message)
 </code></pre>
 <blockquote>
 <blockquote>
 <blockquote>
 <p>说明：<code>@RequestAttribute</code> 读取 form 内容， 并将 form 内容转换为 String 类型。 由于 <code>multipart/form-data</code> 的 Content-Type 可能存在多样性， 建议文件上传场景不使用 <code>@RequestAttribute</code>， 而是使用 <code>@RequestHeader</code> 传递额外信息。 </p>
 </blockquote>
 </blockquote>
 </blockquote>
 <ul>
 <li>采用Jax RS</li>
 </ul>
 <pre><code class="language-java">@POST
 @Path(&quot;multiPartJAXRSExample&quot;)
 @Consumes(MediaType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA)
 public String multiPartJAXRSExample(@FormParam(&quot;multiPartParamExample1&quot;) Part example1,
 @FormParam(&quot;multiPartParamExample2&quot;) Part example2)
 </code></pre>
 <p>文件上传需要通过 @FormParam 声明参数，参数类型支持servlet定义的javax.servlet.http.Part类型。</p>
 <p>除了通过定义多个参数的方式上传多个文件，也可以通过List或者数组的方式声明上传多个文件。</p>
 <pre><code class="language-java">@Path(&quot;/fileUpload&quot;)
 @POST
 @Produces(MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN)
 public String fileUpload(@FormParam(name = &quot;files&quot;) List&lt;Part&gt; files)

 @Path(&quot;/fileUpload&quot;)
 @POST
 @Produces(MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN)
 public String fileUpload(@FormParam(name = &quot;files&quot;) Part[] files)
 </code></pre>
 <blockquote>
 <blockquote>
 <blockquote>
 <p>说明： 使用 List 或者数组，在HTTP参数映射中，多个文件对应于同名的 form 内容。 尽管在非浏览器场景，使用 List 或者数组会带来便利，但是对于浏览器上传场景则不利于理解。建议非必要不使用 List 或者数组作为文件上传参数。</p>
 </blockquote>
 </blockquote>
 </blockquote>
 <p>可以通过@FormParam获取其他额外信息。</p>
 <pre><code class="language-java">@POST
 @Path(&quot;multiPartJAXRSExample&quot;)
 @Consumes(MediaType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA)
 public String multiPartJAXRSExample(@FormParam(&quot;multiPartParamExample1&quot;) Part example1,
 @FormParam(&quot;multiPartParamExample2&quot;) Part example2,
     @FormParam(&quot;message&quot;) String message)
 </code></pre>
 <blockquote>
 <blockquote>
 <blockquote>
 <p>说明：<code>@FormParam</code> 读取 form 内容， 并将 form 内容转换为 String 类型。 由于 <code>multipart/form-data</code> 的 Content-Type 可能存在多样性， 建议文件上传场景不使用 <code>@FormParam</code>， 而是使用 <code>@RequestHeader</code> 传递额外信息。</p>
 </blockquote>
 </blockquote>
 </blockquote>
 <ul>
 <li>业务开发注意事项</li>
 </ul>
 <p>通过MultipartFile或Part打开流后，记得关闭，否则上传的临时文件会无法删除，导致资源泄露和磁盘空间耗尽。</p>
 <h2 id="_3">开发服务消费者</h2>
 <p>可以使用透明 RPC </p>
 <pre><code class="language-java"> interface UploadIntf {
    String upload(File file);
  }

  @RpcReference(microserviceName = &quot;name&quot;, schemaId = &quot;schema&quot;)
  UploadIntf uploadIntf;

  String result = uploadIntf.upload(file);
 </code></pre>
 <p>或者 RestTemplate 进行文件上传。 </p>
 <pre><code class="language-java">Map&lt;String, Object&gt; map = new HashMap&lt;&gt;();
 map.put(&quot;file&quot;, new FileSystemResource(&quot;a file path!&quot;));
 map.put(&quot;param1&quot;, &quot;test&quot;);
 HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
 headers.setContentType(org.springframework.http.MediaType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA);
 HttpEntity&lt;Map&lt;String, Object&gt;&gt; entity = new HttpEntity&lt;&gt;(map, headers);

 String reseult = template.postForObject(url, entity, String.class);
 </code></pre>
 <p>服务消费者不区分服务提供者是 Spring MVC 或者 Jax RS。 在使用透明 RPC 或者 RestTemplate 的时候， 可以使用如下类型与服务提供者的文件对应： </p>
 <ul>
 <li>java.io.File</li>
 <li>javax.servlet.http.Part</li>
 <li>java.io.InputStream</li>
 <li>org.springframework.core.io.Resource</li>
 </ul>
 <p>使用InputStream时，因为是流的方式，此时没有客户端文件名的概念，服务提供者获取到的文件名为null。 如果既要使用内存数据，又想让producer可以获取客户端文件名，可以使用resource类型，继承org.springframework.core.io.ByteArrayResource，且需要实现 getFilename 方法。</p>
 <h2 id="_4">使用浏览器上传文件</h2>
 <p>浏览器通过Form的方式上传文件，下面是一个简单的HTML 和 JS 示例</p>
 <pre><code class="language-html">&lt;form id=&quot;upload_form&quot; method=&quot;POST&quot;&gt;
     &lt;p&gt;
         File Name: &lt;input type=&quot;file&quot; name=&quot;fileName&quot;/&gt;
     &lt;/p&gt;
     &lt;p&gt;
         &lt;input type=&quot;button&quot; value=&quot;Upload&quot; onclick=&quot;uploadAction()&quot;&gt;
     &lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/form&gt;
 </code></pre>
 <p>事件处理：</p>
 <pre><code>function uploadAction() {
      var formData = new FormData(document.getElementById(&quot;upload_form&quot;));

      $.ajax({
         type: 'POST',
         url: &quot;/api/file-service/upload&quot;,
         data: formData,
         processData:false,
         contentType:false,
         success: function (data) {
             console.log(data);
             var error = document.getElementById(&quot;error&quot;);
             error.textContent=&quot;Upload Successfully, file id=&quot; + data;
             error.hidden=false;
         },
         error: function(data) {
             console.log(data);
             var error = document.getElementById(&quot;error&quot;);
             error.textContent=&quot;Upload failed&quot;;
             error.hidden=false;
         },
         async: true
     });
 </code></pre>
 <h2 id="_5">配置参数说明</h2>
 <table>
 <thead>
 <tr>
 <th style="text-align: left;">配置项</th>
 <th style="text-align: left;">默认值</th>
 <th style="text-align: left;">取值范围</th>
 <th style="text-align: left;">含义</th>
 </tr>
 </thead>
 <tbody>
 <tr>
 <td style="text-align: left;">servicecomb.uploads.directory</td>
 <td style="text-align: left;">null</td>
 <td style="text-align: left;"></td>
 <td style="text-align: left;">上传的临时文件保存在哪个目录，<strong>默认值null表示不支持文件上传</strong></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td style="text-align: left;">servicecomb.uploads.maxSize</td>
 <td style="text-align: left;">-1</td>
 <td style="text-align: left;"></td>
 <td style="text-align: left;">http body的最大允许大小，单位byte，默认值-1表示无限制</td>
 </tr>
 </tbody>
 </table>


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