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| --><h1 id="编码和压缩" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#编码和压缩" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 编码和压缩</h1><h2 id="编码方式" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#编码方式" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 编码方式</h2><h3 id="基本编码方式" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#基本编码方式" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 基本编码方式</h3><p>为了提高数据的存储效率，需要在数据写入的过程中对数据进行编码，从而减少磁盘空间的使用量。在写数据以及读数据的过程中都能够减少 I/O 操作的数据量从而提高性能。IoTDB 支持多种针对不同类型的数据的编码方法：</p><ul><li>PLAIN 编码（PLAIN）</li></ul><p>PLAIN 编码，默认的编码方式，即不编码，支持多种数据类型，压缩和解压缩的时间效率较高，但空间存储效率较低。</p><ul><li>二阶差分编码（TS_2DIFF）</li></ul><p>二阶差分编码，比较适合编码单调递增或者递减的序列数据，不适合编码波动较大的数据。</p><ul><li>游程编码（RLE）</li></ul><p>游程编码，比较适合存储某些数值连续出现的序列，不适合编码大部分情况下前后值不一样的序列数据。</p><p>游程编码也可用于对浮点数进行编码，但在创建时间序列的时候需指定保留小数位数（MAX_POINT_NUMBER，具体指定方式参见本文 <a href="/zh/UserGuide/Master/SQL-Manual/SQL-Manual.html" class="">SQL 参考文档</a>）。比较适合存储某些浮点数值连续出现的序列数据，不适合存储对小数点后精度要求较高以及前后波动较大的序列数据。</p><blockquote><p>游程编码（RLE）和二阶差分编码（TS_2DIFF）对 float 和 double 的编码是有精度限制的，默认保留 2 位小数。推荐使用 GORILLA。</p></blockquote><ul><li>GORILLA 编码（GORILLA）</li></ul><p>GORILLA 编码是一种无损编码，它比较适合编码前后值比较接近的数值序列，不适合编码前后波动较大的数据。</p><p>当前系统中存在两个版本的 GORILLA 编码实现，推荐使用<code>GORILLA</code>，不推荐使用<code>GORILLA_V1</code>（已过时）。</p><p>使用限制：使用 Gorilla 编码 INT32 数据时，需要保证序列中不存在值为<code>Integer.MIN_VALUE</code>的数据点；使用 Gorilla 编码 INT64 数据时，需要保证序列中不存在值为<code>Long.MIN_VALUE</code>的数据点。</p><ul><li>字典编码 （DICTIONARY）</li></ul><p>字典编码是一种无损编码。它适合编码基数小的数据（即数据去重后唯一值数量小）。不推荐用于基数大的数据。</p><ul><li>ZIGZAG 编码</li></ul><p>ZigZag编码将有符号整型映射到无符号整型，适合比较小的整数。</p><ul><li>CHIMP 编码</li></ul><p>CHIMP 是一种无损编码。它是一种新的流式浮点数据压缩算法，可以节省存储空间。这个编码适用于前后值比较接近的数值序列，对波动小和随机噪声少的序列数据更加友好。</p><p>使用限制：如果对 INT32 类型数据使用 CHIMP 编码，需要确保数据点中没有 <code>Integer.MIN_VALUE</code>。 如果对 INT64 类型数据使用 CHIMP 编码，需要确保数据点中没有 <code>Long.MIN_VALUE</code>。</p><ul><li>SPRINTZ 编码</li></ul><p>SPRINTZ编码是一种无损编码，将原始时序数据分别进行预测、Zigzag编码、位填充和游程编码。SPRINTZ编码适合差分值的绝对值较小（即波动较小）的时序数据，不适合差分值较大（即波动较大）的时序数据。</p><ul><li>RLBE 编码</li></ul><p>RLBE编码是一种无损编码，将差分编码，位填充编码，游程长度，斐波那契编码和拼接等编码思想结合到一起。RLBE编码适合递增且递增值较小的时序数据，不适合波动较大的时序数据。</p><h3 id="数据类型与编码的对应关系" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#数据类型与编码的对应关系" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 数据类型与编码的对应关系</h3><p>前文介绍的五种编码适用于不同的数据类型，若对应关系错误，则无法正确创建时间序列。数据类型与支持其编码的编码方式对应关系总结如下表所示。</p><table><thead><tr><th style="text-align:center;">数据类型</th><th style="text-align:center;">支持的编码</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td style="text-align:center;">BOOLEAN</td><td style="text-align:center;">PLAIN, RLE</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center;">INT32</td><td style="text-align:center;">PLAIN, RLE, TS_2DIFF, GORILLA, ZIGZAG, CHIMP, SPRINTZ, RLBE</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center;">INT64</td><td style="text-align:center;">PLAIN, RLE, TS_2DIFF, GORILLA, ZIGZAG, CHIMP, SPRINTZ, RLBE</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center;">FLOAT</td><td style="text-align:center;">PLAIN, RLE, TS_2DIFF, GORILLA, CHIMP, SPRINTZ, RLBE</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center;">DOUBLE</td><td style="text-align:center;">PLAIN, RLE, TS_2DIFF, GORILLA, CHIMP, SPRINTZ, RLBE</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center;">TEXT</td><td style="text-align:center;">PLAIN, DICTIONARY</td></tr></tbody></table><p>当用户输入的数据类型与编码方式不对应时，系统会提示错误。如下所示，二阶差分编码不支持布尔类型：</p><div class="language-text line-numbers-mode" data-ext="text"><pre class="language-text"><code>IoTDB> create timeseries root.ln.wf02.wt02.status WITH DATATYPE=BOOLEAN, ENCODING=TS_2DIFF |
| Msg: 507: encoding TS_2DIFF does not support BOOLEAN |
| </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h2 id="压缩方式" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#压缩方式" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 压缩方式</h2><p>当时间序列写入并按照指定的类型编码为二进制数据后，IoTDB 会使用压缩技术对该数据进行压缩，进一步提升空间存储效率。虽然编码和压缩都旨在提升存储效率，但编码技术通常只适合特定的数据类型（如二阶差分编码只适合与 INT32 或者 INT64 编码，存储浮点数需要先将他们乘以 10m 以转换为整数），然后将它们转换为二进制流。压缩方式（SNAPPY）针对二进制流进行压缩，因此压缩方式的使用不再受数据类型的限制。</p><h3 id="基本压缩方式" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#基本压缩方式" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 基本压缩方式</h3><p>IoTDB 允许在创建一个时间序列的时候指定该列的压缩方式。现阶段 IoTDB 支持以下几种压缩方式：</p><ul><li>UNCOMPRESSED（不压缩）</li><li>SNAPPY 压缩</li><li>LZ4 压缩</li><li>GZIP 压缩</li><li>ZSTD 压缩</li><li>LZMA2 压缩</li></ul><p>压缩方式的指定语法详见本文<a href="/zh/UserGuide/Master/SQL-Manual/SQL-Manual.html" class="">SQL 参考文档</a>。</p><h3 id="压缩比统计信息" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#压缩比统计信息" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 压缩比统计信息</h3><p memtable_flush_time="">压缩比统计信息文件：data/system/compression_ratio/Ratio-{ratio_sum}-</p><ul><li>ratio_sum: memtable压缩比的总和</li><li>memtable_flush_time: memtable刷盘的总次数</li></ul><p>通过 <code>ratio_sum / memtable_flush_time</code> 可以计算出平均压缩比</p></div><!--[--><!----><!--]--><footer class="page-meta"><div class="meta-item edit-link"><a href="https://github.com/apache/iotdb-docs/edit/main/src/zh/UserGuide/Master/Basic-Concept/Encoding-and-Compression.md" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="发现错误？在 GitHub 上编辑此页" class="nav-link label"><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon edit-icon" viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" fill="currentColor" aria-label="edit icon"><path d="M430.818 653.65a60.46 60.46 0 0 1-50.96-93.281l71.69-114.012 7.773-10.365L816.038 80.138A60.46 60.46 0 0 1 859.225 62a60.46 60.46 0 0 1 43.186 18.138l43.186 43.186a60.46 60.46 0 0 1 0 86.373L588.879 565.55l-8.637 8.637-117.466 68.234a60.46 60.46 0 0 1-31.958 11.229z"></path><path d="M728.802 962H252.891A190.883 190.883 0 0 1 62.008 771.98V296.934a190.883 190.883 0 0 1 190.883-192.61h267.754a60.46 60.46 0 0 1 0 120.92H252.891a69.962 69.962 0 0 0-69.098 69.099V771.98a69.962 69.962 0 0 0 69.098 69.098h475.911A69.962 69.962 0 0 0 797.9 771.98V503.363a60.46 60.46 0 1 1 120.922 0V771.98A190.883 190.883 0 0 1 728.802 962z"></path></svg><!--]-->发现错误？在 GitHub 上编辑此页<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!----></a></div><div class="meta-item git-info"><div class="update-time"><span class="label">上次编辑于: </span><!----></div><div class="contributors"><span class="label">贡献者: </span><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: 105700158+wanghui42@users.noreply.github.com">wanghui42</span><!--]--><!--]--></div></div></footer><!----><!----><!--[--><!----><!--]--><!--]--></main><!--]--><footer style="padding-bottom:2rem;"><span id="doc-version" style="display:none;">latest</span><p style="text-align:center;color:#909399;font-size:12px;margin:0 30px;">Copyright © 2024 The Apache Software Foundation.<br> Apache and the Apache feather logo are trademarks of The Apache Software Foundation</p><p style="text-align:center;margin-top:10px;color:#909399;font-size:12px;margin:0 30px;"><strong>Have a question?</strong> Connect with us on QQ, WeChat, or Slack. <a href="https://github.com/apache/iotdb/issues/1995">Join the community</a> now.</p></footer></div><!--]--><!--]--><!----><!--]--></div> |
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