<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<!--
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 * 
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 * 
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
-->
<!DOCTYPE faqs SYSTEM 'dtd/faqs.dtd'>
<faqs title='Using XML Schemas'>

  <faq title="Usage">
    <q>How do I validate against XML schema?</q>
    <a>
      <p>XML Schema 1.0 validation has been integrated with the 
	regular SAXParser and DOMParser classes. No special classes are 
	required to parse documents that use a schema.</p>
      <p>For XML Schema 1.1 validation, you'll need to use the JAXP
      validation API, using the XSD 1.1 Schema factory. Here's an example: </p>
      <source>import javax.xml.transform.Source;
import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamSource;
import javax.xml.validation.Schema;
import javax.xml.validation.SchemaFactory;
import javax.xml.validation.Validator;

...

StreamSource[] schemaDocuments = /* created by your application */;
Source instanceDocument = /* created by your application */;

SchemaFactory sf = SchemaFactory.newInstance(
    "http://www.w3.org/XML/XMLSchema/v1.1");
Schema s = sf.newSchema(schemaDocuments);
Validator v = s.newValidator();
v.validate(instanceDocument);
</source>
      <p>You can also refer to the JAXP sample, SourceValidator, where you
         can validate XML documents against 1.1 schemas by specifying the "-xsd11"
         flag when running the sample.</p>
      <p>Each document that uses XML Schema grammars must specify the location of the
	grammars it uses by using an xsi:schemaLocation attribute if they use
	namespaces, and an xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation attribute
	otherwise.  These are usually placed on the root / top-level element 
	in the document, though they may occur on any element; for more details see XML
	Schema Part 1 section 4.3.2. 
	Here is an example with no target namespace: </p>
      <source>&lt;document
    xmlns:xsi='http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance'
    xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation='document.xsd'&gt;
    ...
&lt;/document&gt;</source>
      <p>Here is an example with a target namespace. Note that it is an
	error to specify a different namespace than the target namespace
	defined in the Schema.</p>
      <source>&lt;document
    xmlns='http://my.com'
    xmlns:xsi='http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance' 
    xsi:schemaLocation='http://my.com document.xsd'&gt;
    ...
&lt;/document&gt;</source>
      <p>Review the sample file, 'data/personal.xsd' for an example of an XML 
	Schema grammar.</p>
      
    </a>
  </faq>
  <faq title="XPath 2.0 support for XML Schema 1.1 validation">
  	<q>How Xerces-J uses an XPath 2.0 engine for XML Schema 1.1 assertions and type alternatives?</q>
  	<a>
  	   <p>XML Schema 1.1 'assertions' and 'type alternatives' require an <jump href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xpath20/">XPath 2.0</jump> processor
  	   for evaluation. For XSD 1.1 assertions, full XPath 2.0 support is required. For XSD 1.1 type alternatives, XML schema engines can
  	   provide full XPath 2.0 support or they can implement a smaller XPath 2.0 subset, as defined by the XSD 1.1 language.
  	   Within the type alternatives implementation, Xerces-J first attempts to compile the XPath expression with a native Xerces "XPath subset"
  	   parser. If parsing with the native Xerces "XPath subset" parser fails, Xerces-J transparently switches over to another processor which 
  	   supports all of XPath 2.0. The native processor in Xerces-J was written for efficiency, so you will likely get better performance if your
  	   XPath expressions fall within the minimum subset defined by the XML Schema 1.1 specification. For full XPath 2.0 evaluation 
  	   (for XSD 1.1 'assertions', and optionally for 'type alternatives'), Xerces-J uses the 
  	   <jump href="http://wiki.eclipse.org/PsychoPathXPathProcessor">Eclipse/PsychoPath XPath 2.0 engine</jump>.
  	   </p>
  	   <p>
  	   Xerces-J bundles a PsychoPath XPath 2.0 jar (which requires JDK 1.4 or later).
  	   </p>
  	   <note>
  	   Users should be aware that more recent releases of the PsychoPath
  	   XPath engine may have better conformance to the W3C XPath 2.0 language than the PsychoPath XPath 2.0 jar that's bundled with Apache Xerces-J.
  	   Builds of the PsychoPath XPath 2.0 jar are available for download from following location,  	   
  	   <jump href="http://www.eclipse.org/webtools/">Eclipse Web Tools Platform (WTP) Project</jump> - The latest 'Released' or a 'Stable milestone' 
  	   WTP version can be downloaded from here (from which the PsychoPath XPath 2.0 jar can be extracted). The latest PsychoPath XPath 2.0 engine
  	   builds at Eclipse require a minimum JDK level of 1.5.
  	   </note>
  	</a>
  </faq>
  <faq title="Using Entities and CDATA Sections">
    <q>How does the XML Schema processor treat entities and CDATA sections?</q>
    <a> 
      <p>According to the XML Infoset the infoset items contributing to the 
	<jump href='http://www.w3.org/TR/xml-infoset/#infoitem.character'>[character
	  information item]</jump> are: characters in the document, whether literally, as
	a character reference, or within a CDATA section, or within Entity
	Reference. The XML Schema specification 
	"requires as a precondition for assessment
	an information set as defined in [XML-Infoset]" 
	<jump href='http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-1/#infoset'>(Appendix D)</jump> and thus Xerces might attempt to normalize data in an entity
	reference or CDATA section.  To preserve character data within entity references and 
	CDATA sections, 
	turn off http://apache.org/xml/features/validation/schema/normalized-value feature.
      </p>
    </a>
  </faq>

  <faq title="XML Schema API">
    <q>Does Xerces provide access to the post schema validation infoset (PSVI)?</q>
    <a>
      <p>
	Xerces implements the <jump href="http://www.w3.org/Submission/2004/SUBM-xmlschema-api-20040309/">XML Schema API</jump> specification that defines an API for accessing and querying the post schema validation infoset (PSVI) as defined in <jump href='http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-1/#PSVI_contributions'>
	  Contributions to the post-schema-validation infoset (Appendix C.2)</jump>. 
          This API also defines interfaces for loading XML schema documents. 
      </p>
      <p>For more information please refer to the 
         <link idref='api' anchor='xml-schema-api-documentation'>interfaces</link>.
      </p>
<note>The Xerces 2.6.2 release fixes a documentation bug in the <jump href="http://www.w3.org/Submission/2004/SUBM-xmlschema-api-20040309/">XML Schema API</jump>. In particular in the XSModel interface the order of the parameters in getTypeDefinition, getNotationDeclaration, getModelGroupDefinition, getElementDeclaration, getAttributeDeclaration, getAttributeGroup methods have been changed from (String namespace, String name) to (String name, String namespace). 
</note>
    </a>
  </faq>
  
  <faq title="Changes to PSVI">
    <q>What happened to the PSVI interfaces in org.apache.xerces.xni.psvi?</q>
    <a>
      <p>
        The PSVI interfaces which used to be part of the <code>org.apache.xerces.xni.psvi</code>
        and <code>org.apache.xerces.impl.xs.psvi</code> packages were modified and have been moved
        into the <jump href="http://www.w3.org/Submission/2004/SUBM-xmlschema-api-20040309/">XML Schema API</jump>.
      </p>
    </a>
  </faq>

  <faq title="Accessing PSVI via XNI">
    <q>How do I access PSVI via XNI?</q>
    <a> <p>From within an <code>XMLDocumentHandler</code>, one can retrieve PSVI
	information while in the scope of the document handler start/end element calls:</p>
      <source>import org.apache.xerces.xs.*;

...

public void startElement(QName element, XMLAttributes attributes,
    Augmentations augs) {
    ElementPSVI elemPSVI = (ElementPSVI)augs.getItem("ELEMENT_PSVI");
    // get PSVI items of this element out of elemPSVI
    short attemp = elemPSVI.getValidationAttempted();
    short validity = elemPSVI.getValidity();
    ...
}</source>
      <note>For more information, please refer to the API documentation
	for the XML Schema API.</note>
      
      <p>The above code shows how to retrieve PSVI information after
	elements/attributes are assessed. The other kind of information PSVI
	offers is the property
	<jump href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-1/#e-schema_information">[schema information]</jump>.
	This property exposes all schema components in the schema that are used for
	assessment. These components and the schema itself are represented by
	interfaces in the <code>org.apache.xerces.xs</code> package.</p>
      <p>[schema information] property is only available on the
	<code>endElement</code> method for the validation root. When this method
	is called, information about various components can be retrieved by</p>
      <source>import org.apache.xerces.xs.*;

...

public void endElement(QName element, Augmentations augs) {
    ElementPSVI elemPSVI = (ElementPSVI)augs.getItem("ELEMENT_PSVI");
    XSModel xsModel = elemPSVI.getSchemaInformation();
    // get a list of [namespace schema information information item]s,
    // one for each namespace.
    XSNamespaceItemList nsItems = xsModel.getNamespaceItems();
    ...
    
    // get an element declaration of the specified name and namespace
    XSElementDeclaration elemDecl = xsModel.getElementDeclaration
        (namespace, name);
    ...
}</source>
    </a>
  </faq>


  <faq title="Accessing PSVI via DOM">
    <q>How do I access PSVI via DOM?</q>  
    <a><anchor name="dom3-psvi"/><p>Use  
	the <link idref='properties' anchor="dom.document-class-name">http://apache.org/xml/properties/dom/document-class-name</link> property
 	to set <code>org.apache.xerces.dom.PSVIDocumentImpl</code> as the implementation 
        of the <code>org.w3c.dom.Document</code> interface. In the resulting DOM tree, you may cast 
        <code>org.w3c.dom.Element</code> to the 
        <code>org.apache.xerces.xs.ElementPSVI</code> and  
        <code>org.w3c.dom.Attr</code> to the 
        <code>org.apache.xerces.xs.AttributePSVI</code>. 
      </p>
      <source>import org.apache.xerces.xs.ElementPSVI;
import org.apache.xerces.xs.XSModel;
import org.apache.xerces.xs.XSNamedMap;

...

Document document = parser.getDocument();
Element root = document.getDocumentElement();

// retrieve PSVI for the root element
ElementPSVI rootPSVI = (ElementPSVI)root;

// retrieve the schema used in validation of this document
XSModel schema = rootPSVI.getSchemaInformation();
XSNamedMap elementDeclarations =
    schema.getComponents(XSConstants.ELEMENT_DECLARATION);

// get schema normalized value
String normalizedValue = rootPSVI.getSchemaNormalizedValue();</source>
    </a>
  </faq>


  <faq title="Accessing PSVI via SAX">
    <q>How do I access PSVI via SAX?</q>
    <a> <p>The Xerces SAX parser also implements the
	<code>org.apache.xerces.xs.PSVIProvider</code> interface.
	Within the scope of the methods handling the start 
	(<code>org.xml.sax.ContentHandler.startElement</code>) and 
	end (<code>org.xml.sax.ContentHandler.endElement</code>) of an element, 
	applications may use the <code>PSVIProvider</code> to retrieve the PSVI 
	related to the element and its attributes.
      </p>
      <source>import org.apache.xerces.xs.PSVIProvider;
import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParser;
import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory;

...

SAXParserFactory factory = SAXParserFactory.newInstance();
SAXParser parser = factory.newSAXParser();
XMLReader reader = parser.getXMLReader();
PSVIProvider psviProvider = (PSVIProvider)reader;</source>
    </a>
  </faq>

 <faq title="Accessing PSVI via the JAXP 1.4 Validation API">
   <q>How do I access PSVI via the JAXP 1.4 Validation API?</q>
   <a> <p>Like the Xerces SAX parser the implementations of <code>javax.xml.validation.Validator</code>
       and <code>javax.xml.validation.ValidatorHandler</code> also implement the
       <code>org.apache.xerces.xs.PSVIProvider</code> interface. Within the scope of the methods 
       handling the start (<code>org.xml.sax.ContentHandler.startElement</code>) and end 
       (<code>org.xml.sax.ContentHandler.endElement</code>) of an element, applications may use 
       the <code>PSVIProvider</code> to retrieve the PSVI related to the element and its attributes.</p>
   </a>
 </faq>
  
  <faq title="Parsing and analyzing an XML schema">
    <q>How do I parse and analyze an XML schema?</q>
    <a> <p>Please, refer to the <link idref='faq-grammars'>Examining Grammars</link> FAQ.</p>
    </a>
  </faq>

 <faq title="Using XSLoader to get an XSModel">
  <q>Can I parse and query XML Schema components in memory?</q>
  <a>
   <p>
       Yes, the <jump href="http://www.w3.org/Submission/2004/SUBM-xmlschema-api-20040309/">XML Schema API</jump>
       specification defines an interface called <code>XSLoader</code> which provides methods 
       for loading XML Schema documents into an <code>XSModel</code>. The <code>XSImplementation</code>
       interface provides a method to create an <code>XSLoader</code> using the 
       <jump href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/CR-DOM-Level-3-Core-20031107/core.html#Bootstrap">
       DOM Level 3 Bootstraping mechanism</jump>. An application can get a reference to 
       an <code>XSImplementation</code> using the <code>getDOMImplementation</code> method 
       on the <code>DOMImplementationRegistry</code> object with the feature string "XS-Loader".
       To create an <code>XSLoader</code> you need to do something like this:
   </p>
   <source>import org.w3c.dom.DOMImplementationRegistry;
import org.apache.xerces.xs.XSImplementation;
import org.apache.xerces.xs.XSLoader; 

...
   
// Get DOM Implementation using DOM Registry
System.setProperty(DOMImplementationRegistry.PROPERTY,
    "org.apache.xerces.dom.DOMXSImplementationSourceImpl");
DOMImplementationRegistry registry = DOMImplementationRegistry.newInstance();

XSImplementation impl = 
    (XSImplementation) registry.getDOMImplementation("XS-Loader");

XSLoader schemaLoader = impl.createXSLoader(null);

...</source>
  </a>
 </faq>
</faqs>