package org.apache.velocity.tools.generic;

/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
 * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
 * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
 * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
 * specific language governing permissions and limitations
 * under the License.
 */

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
import java.util.Stack;

import org.apache.velocity.tools.ClassUtils;
import org.apache.velocity.tools.Scope;
import org.apache.velocity.tools.config.DefaultKey;
import org.apache.velocity.tools.config.ValidScope;

/**
 * <p>
 * A convenience tool to use with #foreach loops. It wraps a list
 * with a custom iterator to provide additional controls and feedback
 * for managing loops.
 * </p>
 * <p>
 * This tool was originally inspired the now-deprecated IteratorTool,
 * which provided similar base functionality but was somewhat more difficult
 * to understand and use.  Rather than try to migrate that implementation
 * via deprecation and new methods, it was simplest to just create an
 * entirely new tool that simplified the original API and was easy
 * to augment with useful new features like support for nested
 * (and nameable) loops, skipping ahead in loops, synchronizing multiple
 * iterators, getting the iteration count of loops, identifying if a loop is
 * on its first or last iteration, and so on.
 * </p>
 * <p>
 * Most functions of this tool will be obsolete with the release of
 * Velocity 1.7, which will provide $foreach.hasNext, $foreach.isFirst,
 * $foreach.isLast, $foreach.index and $foreach.count automatically.
 * However, this will still be useful for the more advanced sync
 * and skip features.  Also, for very complicated nested loops, the
 * loop naming feature may be easier than doing things like $foreach.parent.parent.
 * </p>
 * <p>
 * Example of use:
 * </p>
 * <pre>
 *  Template
 *  ---
 *  #set( $list = [1..7] )
 *  #set( $others = [3..10] )
 *  #foreach( $item in $loop.watch($list).sync($others, 'other') )
 *  $item -&gt; $loop.other
 *  #if( $item &gt;= 5 )$loop.stop()#end
 *  #end
 *
 *  Output
 *  ------
 *  1 -&gt; 3
 *  2 -&gt; 4
 *  3 -&gt; 5
 *  4 -&gt; 6
 *  5 -&gt; 7
 *
 * Example tools.xml config (if you want to use this with VelocityView):
 * &lt;tools&gt;
 *   &lt;toolbox scope="request"&gt;
 *     &lt;tool class="org.apache.velocity.tools.generic.LoopTool"/&gt;
 *   &lt;/toolbox&gt;
 * &lt;/tools&gt;
 * </pre>
 *
 * @author Nathan Bubna
 * @version $Id: LoopTool.java 590893 2007-11-01 04:40:21Z nbubna $
 */

@DefaultKey("loop")
@ValidScope(Scope.REQUEST)
public class LoopTool extends SafeConfig implements Serializable
{
    private static final long serialVersionUID = -4760226781390687478L;

    private Stack<ManagedIterator> iterators = new Stack<ManagedIterator>();
    private ManagedIterator last;
    private Map<String,Object> lastSyncedValues;

    /**
     * <p>Tells the LoopTool to watch the specified Array, Collection, Map,
     * Iterator, Iterable, Enumeration or POJO with an iterator() method
     * while the template iterates over the values within it.
     * </p>
     * <p>Under the covers, this is returning an iterable wrapper that
     * is also pushed onto this tool's stack.  That allows this tool to
     * know which iterator to give later commands (i.e. stop() or skip()).
     * </p>
     * @param obj an object that Velocity's #foreach directive can iterate over
     * @return a {@link ManagedIterator} that this tool instance will track
     */
    public ManagedIterator watch(Object obj)
    {
        Iterator iterator = getIterator(obj);
        if (iterator == null)
        {
            return null;
        }

        ManagedIterator managed = manage(iterator, null);
        iterators.push(managed);
        this.last = managed;
        return managed;
    }

    /**
     * This is just like {@link #watch(Object)} except that it also takes
     * a name which is given to the {@link ManagedIterator} that is returned.
     * This allows the user to send stop or skip commands to that specific
     * iterator even when there are nested iterators within it that are being
     * watched.  If the given name is {@code null}, then this will return
     * {@code null} even if the object can be watched. Provided names cannot
     * be {@code null}.
     * @param obj an object that Velocity's #foreach directive can iterate over
     * @param name loop name
     * @return a {@link ManagedIterator} that this tool instance will track
     * @see #watch(Object)
     */
    public ManagedIterator watch(Object obj, String name)
    {
        // don't mess around with null names
        if (name == null)
        {
            return null;
        }
        Iterator iterator = getIterator(obj);
        if (iterator == null)
        {
            return null;
        }

        ManagedIterator managed = manage(iterator, name);
        iterators.push(managed);
        this.last = managed;
        return managed;
    }

    public ManagedIterator sync(Object main, Object synced)
    {
        return watch(main).sync(synced);
    }

    protected ManagedIterator manage(Iterator iterator, String name)
    {
        return new ManagedIterator(name, iterator, this);
    }

    /**
     * This tells the current loop to stop after the current iteration.
     * This is different from "break" common to most programming languages,
     * in that it does not immediately cease activity in the current iteration.
     * Instead, it merely tells the #foreach loop that this is the last time
     * around.
     */
    public void stop()
    {
        // if we have an iterator on the stack
        if (!iterators.empty())
        {
            // stop the top one, so #foreach doesn't loop again
            iterators.peek().stop();
        }
    }

    /**
     * This is just like {@link #stop()} except that the stop command is issued
     * <strong>only</strong> to the loop/iterator with the specified name.
     * If no such loop is found with that name, then no stop command is issued.
     * @param name loop name
     * @see #stop()
     */
    public void stop(String name)
    {
        // just stop the matching one
        for (ManagedIterator iterator : iterators)
        {
            if (iterator.getName().equals(name))
            {
                iterator.stop();
                break;
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * This is just like {@link #stop(String)} except that the stop command is issued
     * both to the loop/iterator with the specified name and all loops nested within
     * it.  If no such loop is found with that name, then no stop commands are
     * issued.
     * @param name loop name
     * @see #stop()
     * @see #stop(String)
     */
    public void stopTo(String name)
    {
        if (!iterators.empty())
        {
            // create a backup stack to put things back as they were
            Stack<ManagedIterator> backup = new Stack<ManagedIterator>();
            // look for the iterator with the specified name
            boolean found = false;
            while (!found && !iterators.empty())
            {
                ManagedIterator iterator = iterators.pop();
                if (iterator.getName().equals(name))
                {
                    found = true;
                    iterator.stop();
                }
                else
                {
                    // keep a backup of the ones that don't match
                    backup.push(iterator);
                }
            }

            while (!backup.empty())
            {
                // push the nested iterators back
                ManagedIterator iterator = backup.pop();
                iterators.push(iterator);
                if (found)
                {
                    iterator.stop();
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * This is just like {@link #stop()} except that the stop command is issued
     * <strong>all</strong> the loops being watched by this tool.
     * @see #stop()
     */
    public void stopAll()
    {
        // just stop them all
        for (ManagedIterator iterator : iterators)
        {
            iterator.stop();
        }
    }


    /**
     * Skips ahead the specified number of iterations (if possible).
     * Since this is manual skipping (unlike the automatic skipping
     * provided by the likes of {@link ManagedIterator#exclude(Object)}, any elements
     * skipped are still considered in the results returned by {@link #getCount()}
     * and {@link #isFirst()}.
     * @param number number of iterations
     */
    public void skip(int number)
    {
        // if we have an iterator on the stack
        if (!iterators.empty())
        {
            // tell the top one to skip the specified number
            skip(number, iterators.peek());
        }
    }

    /**
     * This tells the specified loop to skip ahead the specified number of
     * iterations.
     * @param number number of iterations
     * @param name loop name
     * @see #skip(int)
     */
    public void skip(int number, String name)
    {
        // just tell the matching one to skip
        ManagedIterator iterator = findIterator(name);
        if (iterator != null)
        {
            skip(number, iterator);
        }
    }

    // does the actual skipping by manually advancing the ManagedIterator
    private void skip(int number, ManagedIterator iterator)
    {
        for (int i=0; i < number; i++)
        {
            if (iterator.hasNext())
            {
                iterator.next();
            }
            else
            {
                break;
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * @return {@code true} if the current loop is on its first iteration.
     */
    public Boolean isFirst()
    {
        if (last != null)
        {
            return last.isFirst();
        }
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * @return {@code true} if the loop with the specified name
     * is on its first iteration.
     * @param name loop name
     */
    public Boolean isFirst(String name)
    {
        // just tell the matching one to skip
        ManagedIterator iterator = findIterator(name);
        if (iterator != null)
        {
            return iterator.isFirst();
        }
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * @return the result of {@link #isFirst}. Exists to allow $loop.first syntax.
     */
    public Boolean getFirst()
    {
        return isFirst();
    }

    /**
     * @return {@code true} if the current loop is on its last iteration.
     */
    public Boolean isLast()
    {
        if (last != null)
        {
            return last.isLast();
        }
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * @return {@code true} if the loop with the specified name
     * is on its last iteration.
     * @param name loop name
     */
    public Boolean isLast(String name)
    {
        // just tell the matching one to skip
        ManagedIterator iterator = findIterator(name);
        if (iterator != null)
        {
            return iterator.isLast();
        }
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * @return the result of {@link #isLast}. Exists to allow $loop.last syntax.
     */
    public Boolean getLast()
    {
        return isLast();
    }

    /**
     * <p>This serves two purposes:</p>
     * <ul><li>Getting the current value of a sync'ed iterator</li>
     * <li>Abbreviate syntax for properties of outer loops</li></ul>
     * <p>First, it searches all the loops being managed for one
     * with a sync'ed Iterator under the specified name and
     * returns the current value for that sync'ed iterator,
     * if any. If there is no sync'ed iterators or none with
     * that name, then this will check if the specified key
     * is requesting a "property" of an outer loop (e.g.
     * {@code $loop.count_foo} or {@code $loop.first_foo}).
     * This syntax is shorter and clearer than {@code $loop.getCount('foo')}.
     * If the key starts with a property name and ends with an outer loop
     * name, then the value of that property for that loop is returned.
     * @param key sync'ed Iterator name
     * @return current iterator value
     */
    public Object get(String key)
    {
        // search all iterators in reverse
        // (so nested ones take priority)
        // for one that is responsible for synced
        for (int i=iterators.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--)
        {
            ManagedIterator iterator = iterators.get(i);
            if (iterator.isSyncedWith(key))
            {
                return iterator.get(key);
            }
        }
        if (lastSyncedValues != null)
        {
            Object syncedValue = lastSyncedValues.get(key);
            if (syncedValue != null)
            {
                return syncedValue;
            }
        }
        // shortest key would be "last_X" where X is the loop name
        if (key == null || key.length() < 6)
        {
            return null;
        }
        if (key.startsWith("last_"))
        {
            return isLast(key.substring(5, key.length()));
        }
        if (key.startsWith("count_"))
        {
            return getCount(key.substring(6, key.length()));
        }
        if (key.startsWith("index_"))
        {
            return getIndex(key.substring(6, key.length()));
        }
        if (key.startsWith("first_"))
        {
            return isFirst(key.substring(6, key.length()));
        }
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * Asks the loop with the specified name for the current value
     * of the specified sync'ed iterator, if any.
     * @param name loop name
     * @param synced sync'ed Iterator name
     * @return current iterator value
     */
    public Object get(String name, String synced)
    {
        // just ask the matching iterator for the sync'ed value
        ManagedIterator iterator = findIterator(name);
        if (iterator != null)
        {
            return iterator.get(synced);
        }
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the 0-based index of the item the current loop is handling.
     * So, if this is the first iteration, then the index will be 0. If
     * you {@link #skip} ahead in this loop, those skipped iterations will
     * still be reflected in the index.  If iteration has not begun, this
     * will return {@code null}.
     * @return current loop index
     */
    public Integer getIndex()
    {
        Integer count = getCount();
        if (count == null || count == 0)
        {
            return null;
        }
        return count - 1;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the 0-based index of the item the specified loop is handling.
     * So, if this is the first iteration, then the index will be 0. If
     * you {@link #skip} ahead in this loop, those skipped iterations will
     * still be reflected in the index.  If iteration has not begun, this
     * will return {@code null}.
     * @param name loop name
     * @return current loop index
     */
    public Integer getIndex(String name)
    {
        Integer count = getCount(name);
        if (count == null || count == 0)
        {
            return null;
        }
        return count - 1;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the number of items the current loop has handled. So, if this
     * is the first iteration, then the count will be 1.  If you {@link #skip}
     * ahead in this loop, those skipped iterations will still be included in
     * the count.
     * @return items count
     */
    public Integer getCount()
    {
        if (last != null)
        {
            return last.getCount();
        }
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the number of items the specified loop has handled. So, if this
     * is the first iteration, then the count will be 1.  If you {@link #skip}
     * ahead in this loop, those skipped iterations will still be included in
     * the count.
     * @param name loop name
     * @return loop items count
     */
    public Integer getCount(String name)
    {
        // just tell the matching one to skip
        ManagedIterator iterator = findIterator(name);
        if (iterator != null)
        {
            return iterator.getCount();
        }
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the most recent {@link ManagedIterator} for this instance.
     * This can be used to access properties like the count, index,
     * isFirst, isLast, etc which would otherwise fail on the last item
     * in a loop due to the necessity of popping iterators off the
     * stack when the last item is retrieved. (See VELTOOLS-124)
     * @return most recent iterator
     */
    public ManagedIterator getThis()
    {
        return last;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the number of loops currently on the stack.
     * This is only useful for debugging, as iterators are
     * popped off the stack at the start of their final iteration,
     * making this frequently "incorrect".
     * @return depth
     */
    public int getDepth()
    {
        return iterators.size();
    }


    /**
     * Finds the {@link ManagedIterator} with the specified name
     * if it is in this instance's iterator stack.
     * @param name loop name
     * @return loop iterator
     */
    protected ManagedIterator findIterator(String name)
    {
        // look for the one with the specified name
        for (ManagedIterator iterator : iterators)
        {
            if (iterator.getName().equals(name))
            {
                return iterator;
            }
        }
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * Don't let templates call this, but allow subclasses
     * and ManagedIterator to have access.
     * @return pop'ed iterator
     */
    protected ManagedIterator pop()
    {
        ManagedIterator i = iterators.pop();
        this.lastSyncedValues = i.getLastSyncedValues();
        return i;
    }


    /**
     * Wraps access to {@link ClassUtils#getIterator} is a
     * nice little try/catch block to prevent exceptions from
     * escaping into the template.  In the case of such problems,
     * this will return {@code null}.
     * @param obj target iterator
     * @return wrapped iterator or null
     */
    protected Iterator getIterator(Object obj)
    {
        if (obj == null)
        {
            return null;
        }
        try
        {
            return ClassUtils.getIterator(obj);
        }
        catch (Exception e)
        {
            getLog().error("Exception while getting Iterator:", e);
        }
        return null;
    }


    /**
     * Iterator implementation that wraps a standard {@link Iterator}
     * and allows it to be prematurely stopped, skipped ahead, and
     * associated with a name for advanced nested loop control.
     * This also allows a arbitrary {@link ActionCondition}s to be added
     * in order to have it automatically skip over or stop before
     * certain elements in the iterator.
     */
    public class ManagedIterator implements Iterator
    {
        private String name;
        private Iterator iterator;
        private LoopTool owner;
        private boolean stopped = false;
        private Boolean first = null;
        private int count = 0;
        private Object next;
        private List<ActionCondition> conditions;
        private Map<String,SyncedIterator> synced;

        public ManagedIterator(String name, Iterator iterator, LoopTool owner)
        {
            if (name == null)
            {
                this.name = "loop"+owner.getDepth();
            }
            else
            {
                this.name = name;
            }
            this.iterator = iterator;
            this.owner = owner;
        }

        /**
         * @return the name of this instance.
         */
        public String getName()
        {
            return this.name;
        }

        /**
         * @return true if either 0 or 1 elements have been returned
         * by {@link #next()}.
         */
        public boolean isFirst()
        {
            if (first == null || first.booleanValue())
            {
                return true;
            }
            return false;
        }

        /**
         * @return true if the last element returned by {@link #next()}
         * is the last element available in the iterator being managed
         * which satisfies any/all {@link ActionCondition}s set for this
         * instance. Otherwise, returns false.
         */
        public boolean isLast()
        {
            return !hasNext(false);
        }

        /**
         * @return the result of {@link #isFirst}. Exists to allow $loop.this.first syntax.
         */
        public boolean getFirst()
        {
            return isFirst();
        }

        /**
         * @return the result of {@link #isLast}. Exists to allow $loop.this.last syntax.
         */
        public boolean getLast()
        {
            return isLast();
        }

        /**
         * @return true if there are more elements in the iterator
         * being managed by this instance which satisfy all the
         * {@link ActionCondition}s set for this instance.  Returns
         * false if there are no more valid elements available.
         */
        public boolean hasNext()
        {
            return hasNext(true);
        }

        /**
         * @return the result of {@link #hasNext}. Exists to allow $loop.this.hasNext syntax.
         */
        public boolean getHasNext()
        {
            return hasNext(false);//no need to pop, #foreach will always call hasNext()
        }

        // version that lets isLast check w/o popping this from the stack
        private boolean hasNext(boolean popWhenDone)
        {
            // we don't if we've stopped
            if (stopped)
            {
                return false;
            }
            // we're not stopped, so do we have a next cached?
            if (this.next != null)
            {
                return true;
            }
            // try to get a next that satisfies the conditions
            // if there isn't one, return false; if there is, return true
            return cacheNext(popWhenDone);
        }

        // Tries to get a next that satisfies the conditions.
        // Returns true if there is a next to get.
        private boolean cacheNext(boolean popWhenDone)
        {
            // ok, let's see if we can get a next
            if (!iterator.hasNext())
            {
                if (popWhenDone)
                {
                    // this iterator is done, pop it from the owner's stack
                    owner.pop();
                    // and make sure we don't pop twice
                    stop();
                }
                return false;
            }

            // ok, the iterator has more, but do they work for us?
            this.next = iterator.next();
            if (conditions != null)
            {
                for (ActionCondition condition : conditions)
                {
                    if (condition.matches(this.next))
                    {
                        switch (condition.action)
                        {
                            case EXCLUDE:
                                // recurse on to the next one
                                return cacheNext(popWhenDone);
                            case STOP:
                                stop();
                                return false;
                            default:
                                throw new IllegalStateException("ActionConditions should never have a null Action");
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            return true;
        }

        private void shiftSynced()
        {
            if (synced != null)
            {
                for (SyncedIterator parallel : synced.values())
                {
                    parallel.shift();
                }
            }
        }

        /**
         * @param name syn'ed iterator name
         * @return {@code true} if this ManagedIterator has a sync'ed
         * iterator with the specified name.
         */
        public boolean isSyncedWith(String name)
        {
            if (synced == null)
            {
                return false;
            }
            return synced.containsKey(name);
        }

        /**
         * @return the parallel value from the specified sync'ed iterator.
         * If no sync'ed iterator exists with that name or that iterator
         * is finished, this will return {@code null}.
         * @param name iterator name
         * @return iterator current value
         */
        public Object get(String name)
        {
            if (synced == null)
            {
                return null;
            }
            SyncedIterator parallel = synced.get(name);
            if (parallel == null)
            {
                return null;
            }
            return parallel.get();
        }

        /**
         * @return the number of elements returned by {@link #next()} so far.
         */
        public int getCount()
        {
            return count;
        }

        /**
         * @return the 0-based index of the current item.
         */
        public int getIndex()
        {
            return count - 1;
        }

        /**
         * @return the next element that meets the set {@link ActionCondition}s
         * (if any) in the iterator being managed. If there are none left, then
         * this will throw a {@link NoSuchElementException}.
         */
        public Object next()
        {
            // if no next is cached...
            if (this.next == null)
            {
                // try to cache one
                if (!cacheNext(true))
                {
                    // naughty! calling next() without knowing if there is one!
                    throw new NoSuchElementException("There are no more valid elements in this iterator");
                }
            }

            // if we haven't returned any elements, first = true
            if (first == null)
            {
                first = Boolean.TRUE;
            }
            // or if we've only returned one, first = false
            else if (first.booleanValue())
            {
                first = Boolean.FALSE;
            }
            // update the number of iterations made
            count++;

            // get the cached next value
            Object value = this.next;
            // clear the cache
            this.next = null;
            // call next on synced ones
            shiftSynced();
            // return the no-longer-cached value
            return value;
        }

        /**
         * This operation is unsupported.
         */
        public void remove()
        {
            // at this point, i don't see any use for this, so...
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException("remove is not currently supported");
        }

        /**
         * Stops this iterator from doing any further iteration.
         */
        public void stop()
        {
            this.stopped = true;
            this.next = null;
        }

        /**
         * Directs this instance to completely exclude
         * any elements equal to the specified Object.
         * @param compare value to exclude
         * @return This same {@link ManagedIterator} instance
         */
        public ManagedIterator exclude(Object compare)
        {
            return condition(new ActionCondition(Action.EXCLUDE, new Equals(compare)));
        }


        /**
         * Directs this instance to stop iterating immediately prior to
         * any element equal to the specified Object.
         * @param compare value to stop at
         * @return This same {@link ManagedIterator} instance
         */
        public ManagedIterator stop(Object compare)
        {
            return condition(new ActionCondition(Action.STOP, new Equals(compare)));
        }

        /**
         * Adds a new {@link ActionCondition} for this instance to check
         * against the elements in the iterator being managed.
         * @param condition condition
         * @return This same {@link ManagedIterator} instance
         */
        public ManagedIterator condition(ActionCondition condition)
        {
            if (condition == null)
            {
                return null;
            }
            if (conditions == null)
            {
                conditions = new ArrayList<ActionCondition>();
            }
            conditions.add(condition);
            return this;
        }

        /**
         * <p>Adds another iterator to be kept in sync with the one
         * being managed by this instance.  The values of the parallel
         * iterator can be retrieved from the LoopTool under the
         * name s"synced" (e.g. $loop.synced or $loop.get('synced'))
         * and are automatically updated for each iteration by this instance.
         * </p><p><b>NOTE</b>: if you are sync'ing multiple iterators
         * with the same managed iterator, you must use
         * {@link #sync(Object,String)} or else your the later iterators
         * will simply replace the earlier ones under the default
         * 'synced' key.</p>
         *
         * @param iterable Iterator to synchronize with
         * @return This same {@link ManagedIterator} instance
         * @see SyncedIterator
         * @see #get(String)
         */
        public ManagedIterator sync(Object iterable)
        {
            return sync(iterable, "synced");
        }

        /**
         * Adds another iterator to be kept in sync with the one
         * being managed by this instance.  The values of the parallel
         * iterator can be retrieved from the LoopTool under the
         * name specified here (e.g. $loop.name or $loop.get('name'))
         * and are automatically updated for each iteration by this instance.
         *
         * @param iterable iterator to synchronize with
         * @param name loop name
         * @return This same {@link ManagedIterator} instance
         * @see SyncedIterator
         * @see #get(String)
         */
        public ManagedIterator sync(Object iterable, String name)
        {
            Iterator parallel = getIterator(iterable);
            if (parallel == null)
            {
                return null;
            }
            if (synced == null)
            {
                synced = new HashMap<String,SyncedIterator>();
            }
            synced.put(name, new SyncedIterator(parallel));
            return this;
        }

        /**
         * @return last sync'ed values
         */
        public Map<String,Object> getLastSyncedValues()
        {
            if (synced == null)
            {
                return null;
            }
            Map<String,Object> syncs = new HashMap<String,Object>();
            for (String key : synced.keySet())
            {
                syncs.put(key, synced.get(key).get());
            }
            return syncs;
        }

        @Override
        public String toString()
        {
            return ManagedIterator.class.getSimpleName()+':'+getName();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Represents an automatic action taken by a {@link ManagedIterator}
     * when a {@link Condition} is satisfied by the subsequent element.
     */
    public static enum Action
    {
        EXCLUDE, STOP;
    }

    /**
     * Composition class which associates an {@link Action} and {@link Condition}
     * for a {@link ManagedIterator}.
     */
    public static class ActionCondition
    {
        protected Condition condition;
        protected Action action;

        public ActionCondition(Action action, Condition condition)
        {
            if (condition == null || action == null)
            {
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Condition and Action must both not be null");
            }
            this.condition = condition;
            this.action = action;
        }

        /**
         * Returns true if the specified value meets the set {@link Condition}
         * @param value value to test
         * @return whether the value matchers the condition
         */
        public boolean matches(Object value)
        {
            return condition.test(value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Represents a function into which a {@link ManagedIterator} can
     * pass it's next element to see if an {@link Action} should be taken.
     */
    public static interface Condition
    {
        public boolean test(Object value);
    }

    /**
     * Base condition class for conditions (assumption here is that
     * conditions are all comparative.  Not much else makes sense to me
     * for this context at this point.
     */
    public static abstract class Comparison implements Condition
    {
        protected Object compare;

        public Comparison(Object compare)
        {
            if (compare == null)
            {
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Condition must have something to compare to");
            }
            this.compare = compare;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Simple condition that checks elements in the iterator
     * for equality to a specified Object.
     */
    public static class Equals extends Comparison
    {
        public Equals(Object compare)
        {
            super(compare);
        }

        public boolean test(Object value)
        {
            if (value == null)
            {
                return false;
            }
            if (compare.equals(value))
            {
                return true;
            }
            if (value.getClass().equals(compare.getClass()))
            {
                // no point in going on to string comparison
                // if the classes are the same
                return false;
            }
            // compare them as strings as a last resort
            return String.valueOf(value).equals(String.valueOf(compare));
        }
    }


    /**
     * Simple wrapper to make it easy to keep an arbitray Iterator
     * in sync with a {@link ManagedIterator}.
     */
    public static class SyncedIterator
    {
        private Iterator iterator;
        private Object current;

        public SyncedIterator(Iterator iterator)
        {
            if (iterator == null)
            {
                // do we really care?  perhaps we should just keep quiet...
                throw new NullPointerException("Cannot synchronize a null Iterator");
            }
            this.iterator = iterator;
        }

        /**
         * If the sync'ed iterator has any more values,
         * this sets the next() value as the current one.
         * If there are no more values, this sets the current
         * one to {@code null}.
         */
        public void shift()
        {
            if (iterator.hasNext())
            {
                current = iterator.next();
            }
            else
            {
                current = null;
            }
        }

        /**
         * @return the currently parallel value, if any.
         */
        public Object get()
        {
            return current;
        }
    }

}