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 <section><a id="Pull_vs._Push"></a>
 <h1>Pull vs. Push</h1>


 <p>By: <a href="mailto:jon@latchkey.com" class="externalLink">Jon S. Stevens</a>
 <br />
 $Date$
 </p>


 <p>
 This document is to explain a different type of philosophy for working with
 Context based MVC tools like WebMacro (WM) and <a href="http://velocity.apache.org/engine/" class="externalLink">Velocity</a> (V) than I think that
 the Turbine community is used to. The requirement for this philosophy has come
 up recently during <a href="http://scarab.tigris.org/" class="externalLink">Scarab</a>
 development and I would like to share and document it with you all. Many thanks
 to Brian B for being patient with me and trying to explain exactly what he wants
 to see. So, let me start off by giving a little bit of history and then moving
 on from there...
 </p>


 <p>
 The current encouragement that Turbine gives to developers is to do a mapping
 between one Screen (Java) and one Template (WM or V). The way it works is that
 you build up a Context object that is essentially a Hashtable that contains all
 of the data that is required to render a particular template. Within the
 template, you refer to that data in order to format it for display. I will refer
 to this as the &quot;Push MVC Model.&quot; This IMHO is a perfectly acceptable, easy to
 understand and implement approach.
 </p>


 <p>
 We have solved the problem of being able to display the data on a template
 without requiring the engineer to make modifications to the Java code. In other
 words, you can modify the look and feel of the overall website without the
 requirement of having a Java engineer present to make the changes. This is
 a very good step forward.
 </p>


 <p>
 However, it has a shortcoming in that it makes it more difficult to allow the
 template designer (ie: a non programmer) the ability to move information on a
 template from one template to another template because it would require the
 logic in the Java code to be modified as well. For example, say you have a set
 of &quot;wizard&quot; type screens and you want to change the order of execution of those
 screens or even the order of the fields on those screens. In order to do so, you
 can't simply change the Next/Back links you need to also change the Java code.
 </p>


 <p>
 Another example of this is if you have a form on a page and you want to be
 able to split that form across several steps across several pages. In the
 current model, you would have to potentially write/modify several Java classes.
 In reality, this should be something that is easily modifiable by just a single
 template engineer who doesn't necessarily even know Java.
 </p>


 <p>
 There are several considerations that one must take into consideration regarding
 the design of a system to provide this level of abstraction. For example, when
 someone submits the form and there is an error. Proper UI would suggest that you
 should re-display the page with the previous form data filled in as well as an
 error message that details the problems. You also need to consider the ability
 to display the same form that may be pre-populated with information from the
 database instead of as an error from the user.
 </p>


 <p>
 So, beginning with Scarab, we are going to try another model which I will
 describe as the &quot;Pull MVC Model&quot;. What this entails is the ability to create an
 object that is able to &quot;pull&quot; the required information out at execution time
 within the template. Thus, it becomes the job of the template designer to
 understand the API of objects available to him/her to take advantage of.
 </p>


 <p>
 Instead of the developer telling the designer what Context names to use for each
 and every screen, there is instead a set of a few objects available for the
 template designer to pick and choose from. These objects will provide methods to
 access the underlying information either from the database or from the
 previously submitted form information.
 </p>


 <p>
 Gone are the days where one would have a Java class that would be responsible
 for building the context up for the template. Instead, there would be a single
 base class that places the few objects into the context for every request and
 there is a documented API that the template designer can refer to in order to
 access the information that he/she needs to get at. Of course this information
 is only retrieved when requested and can also be managed in a cache for reuse.
 </p>


 <p>
 By moving to a &quot;Pull&quot; model, it becomes possible to more easily achieve complete
 independence from the Java engineers in order to not only change the look and
 feel (UI) of the site but also the information architecture (IA) layout and flow
 of the site.
 </p>


 <p>
 While this puts more requirements on the Java engineer to make sure that the
 template designer has a well defined API, it will save the Java engineer many
 hours further down the road when the client requests IA changes because now the
 responsibility is on the template designer to make the changes. Therefore the
 increased initial developer time is justified in order to realize the long term
 goals of the project.
 </p>


 <p>
 I hope that this makes sense to everyone. I'm sure that some of you are probably
 saying &quot;well, duh!.&quot; However, this is really not the model that has been
 encouraged so far within Turbine nor within other products such as XMLC (which
 actually operates *only* on the Push model), so I believe that it is somewhat
 uncharted territory for some people. The only products that I can think of right
 now that encourage this is JSP taglibs and Tea, however, I still feel as though
 they have missed the boat on this in one way or another.
 </p>


 <p>
 Comments are appreciated. Please post them to the Turbine
 <a href="/mail-lists.html">mailing list</a>.
 </p>

 </section>


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	<section><a id="Pull_vs._Push"></a>
	<h1>Pull vs. Push</h1>


	<p>By: <a href="mailto:jon@latchkey.com" class="externalLink">Jon S. Stevens</a>
	<br />
	$Date$
	</p>


	<p>
	This document is to explain a different type of philosophy for working with
	Context based MVC tools like WebMacro (WM) and <a href="http://velocity.apache.org/engine/" class="externalLink">Velocity</a> (V) than I think that
	the Turbine community is used to. The requirement for this philosophy has come
	up recently during <a href="http://scarab.tigris.org/" class="externalLink">Scarab</a>
	development and I would like to share and document it with you all. Many thanks
	to Brian B for being patient with me and trying to explain exactly what he wants
	to see. So, let me start off by giving a little bit of history and then moving
	on from there...
	</p>


	<p>
	The current encouragement that Turbine gives to developers is to do a mapping
	between one Screen (Java) and one Template (WM or V). The way it works is that
	you build up a Context object that is essentially a Hashtable that contains all
	of the data that is required to render a particular template. Within the
	template, you refer to that data in order to format it for display. I will refer
	to this as the "Push MVC Model." This IMHO is a perfectly acceptable, easy to
	understand and implement approach.
	</p>


	<p>
	We have solved the problem of being able to display the data on a template
	without requiring the engineer to make modifications to the Java code. In other
	words, you can modify the look and feel of the overall website without the
	requirement of having a Java engineer present to make the changes. This is
	a very good step forward.
	</p>


	<p>
	However, it has a shortcoming in that it makes it more difficult to allow the
	template designer (ie: a non programmer) the ability to move information on a
	template from one template to another template because it would require the
	logic in the Java code to be modified as well. For example, say you have a set
	of "wizard" type screens and you want to change the order of execution of those
	screens or even the order of the fields on those screens. In order to do so, you
	can't simply change the Next/Back links you need to also change the Java code.
	</p>


	<p>
	Another example of this is if you have a form on a page and you want to be
	able to split that form across several steps across several pages. In the
	current model, you would have to potentially write/modify several Java classes.
	In reality, this should be something that is easily modifiable by just a single
	template engineer who doesn't necessarily even know Java.
	</p>


	<p>
	There are several considerations that one must take into consideration regarding
	the design of a system to provide this level of abstraction. For example, when
	someone submits the form and there is an error. Proper UI would suggest that you
	should re-display the page with the previous form data filled in as well as an
	error message that details the problems. You also need to consider the ability
	to display the same form that may be pre-populated with information from the
	database instead of as an error from the user.
	</p>


	<p>
	So, beginning with Scarab, we are going to try another model which I will
	describe as the "Pull MVC Model". What this entails is the ability to create an
	object that is able to "pull" the required information out at execution time
	within the template. Thus, it becomes the job of the template designer to
	understand the API of objects available to him/her to take advantage of.
	</p>


	<p>
	Instead of the developer telling the designer what Context names to use for each
	and every screen, there is instead a set of a few objects available for the
	template designer to pick and choose from. These objects will provide methods to
	access the underlying information either from the database or from the
	previously submitted form information.
	</p>


	<p>
	Gone are the days where one would have a Java class that would be responsible
	for building the context up for the template. Instead, there would be a single
	base class that places the few objects into the context for every request and
	there is a documented API that the template designer can refer to in order to
	access the information that he/she needs to get at. Of course this information
	is only retrieved when requested and can also be managed in a cache for reuse.
	</p>


	<p>
	By moving to a "Pull" model, it becomes possible to more easily achieve complete
	independence from the Java engineers in order to not only change the look and
	feel (UI) of the site but also the information architecture (IA) layout and flow
	of the site.
	</p>


	<p>
	While this puts more requirements on the Java engineer to make sure that the
	template designer has a well defined API, it will save the Java engineer many
	hours further down the road when the client requests IA changes because now the
	responsibility is on the template designer to make the changes. Therefore the
	increased initial developer time is justified in order to realize the long term
	goals of the project.
	</p>


	<p>
	I hope that this makes sense to everyone. I'm sure that some of you are probably
	saying "well, duh!." However, this is really not the model that has been
	encouraged so far within Turbine nor within other products such as XMLC (which
	actually operates only on the Push model), so I believe that it is somewhat
	uncharted territory for some people. The only products that I can think of right
	now that encourage this is JSP taglibs and Tea, however, I still feel as though
	they have missed the boat on this in one way or another.
	</p>


	<p>
	Comments are appreciated. Please post them to the Turbine
	<a href="/mail-lists.html">mailing list</a>.
	</p>

	</section>


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