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// @@@ START COPYRIGHT @@@
//
// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
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// distributed with this work for additional information
// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
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//
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/* -*-C++-*-
 *****************************************************************************
 *
 * File:         ScanOptimizer.cpp
 * RCS:
 * Description:  Costing for leaf operators
 * Code location: ScanOptimizer.C
 *
 * Created:      //96
 * Language:     C++
 * Purpose:	 Simple Cost Vector Reduction
 *
 *
 *
 *****************************************************************************
 */

#include "stdlib.h"

#include <sys/io.h>

#include "MdamDebug.h"
#include "ScanOptimizer.h"
#include "SimpleScanOptimizer.h"
#include "NAFileSet.h"
#include "ItemColRef.h"
#include "NATable.h"
#include "ItemOther.h"
#include "CmpContext.h"
#include "Sqlcomp.h"
#include "ControlDB.h"
#include "ItemLog.h"
#include "../exp/exp_ovfl_ptal.h" //to check overflow
#include "CmpStatement.h"
#include "mdam.h"
#include "OptRange.h"

// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
// These defines are set because as of today there is no
// mechanism to assert for preconditions. CMPASSERT is an
// internal error reporting system and it does not get disabled
// in release code.
// This is my own solution but a general solution must be found
// an agreed upon.
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------


#undef FSOWARNING

#ifndef NDEBUG
#define FSOWARNING(x) fprintf(stdout, "FileScan optimizer warning: %s\n", x);
#else
#define FSOWARNING(x)
#endif

#ifdef MDAM_TRACE

THREAD_P FILE *MdamTrace::outputFile_ = NULL;
THREAD_P NABoolean MdamTrace::doPrint_ = FALSE;
THREAD_P NABoolean MdamTrace::initialized_ = FALSE;
THREAD_P const char* MdamTrace::msgHeader_ = NULL;
THREAD_P const char* MdamTrace::overrideHeader_ = NULL;
THREAD_P const char* MdamTrace::indent_ = "\t";
THREAD_P Int32 MdamTrace::hStdOut_ = -1;
THREAD_P NABoolean MdamTrace::okToRedirectStdOut_ = FALSE;
THREAD_P FILE* MdamTrace::console_ = NULL;
THREAD_P enum MdamTraceLevel MdamTrace::level_ = MDAM_TRACE_LEVEL_NONE;

// use MTL3 to debug MDAM issues
//THREAD_P enum MdamTraceLevel MdamTrace::level_ = MTL3;

void MdamTrace::setHeader(const char *override)
{
  overrideHeader_ = override;
}

const char* MdamTrace::getHeader()
{
  if(overrideHeader_)
    return overrideHeader_;
  else if(msgHeader_)
    return msgHeader_;
  else
    return "";
}

void MdamTrace::mayInit(){
  if(initialized_)
    return;
  initialized_ = TRUE;
  // Note: the "MDAM_DEBUG" string is split into two adjacent strings so
  // C++ preprocessor does not perform macro substitution on MDAM_DEBUG.
  //
  if (getenv("MDAM_""DEBUG"))
    {
      doPrint_ = TRUE;
    }

  const char *debugFileName = getenv("MDAM_""DEBUG_""FILE");
  if (debugFileName)
    {
      outputFile_ = fopen(debugFileName, "a");
      if(!outputFile_)
	outputFile_ = stdout;
    }
  else
    outputFile_ = stdout;

  msgHeader_ = "[MDAM_DEBUG] ";

  if(outputFile_ == stdout){
    okToRedirectStdOut_ = FALSE; // no need to redirect
  }
  else if((hStdOut_ = dup(fileno(stdout))) == -1){
    okToRedirectStdOut_ = FALSE; // cannot duplicate stdout desc, don't redirect
  }
  else{
    console_ = fdopen(hStdOut_, "w");
    if(console_ == NULL){
      okToRedirectStdOut_ = FALSE; // cannot create stream, don't redirect
    }
    else{
      okToRedirectStdOut_ = TRUE; // ok to redirect
    }
  }
}

void MdamTrace::redirectStdOut()
{
  mayInit();
  if(okToRedirectStdOut_){

    *stdout = *outputFile_;
    ios::sync_with_stdio();
  }
}

void MdamTrace::restoreStdOut()
{
  mayInit();
  if(okToRedirectStdOut_){

    *stdout = *console_;
    ios::sync_with_stdio();
  }
}

void MdamTrace::print(const char *formatString, ...)
{
  mayInit();
  if (doPrint_)
  {
    va_list args;
    va_start(args, formatString);
    fprintf(outputFile_, "%s", getHeader());
    vfprintf(outputFile_, formatString, args);
    fprintf(outputFile_, "\n");
    fflush(outputFile_);
  }
}

void MdamTrace::printTaskMonitor(TaskMonitor &mon,
				 const char *msg)
{
  mayInit();

  if(!mon.goodcount())
    return;
  if(!doPrint_)
    return;

  ostringstream mon_text;
  mon_text << mon;

  fprintf(outputFile_, "%s%s %s\n", getHeader(), msg, mon_text.str().c_str());
  fflush(outputFile_);
}

void MdamTrace::printCostObject(ScanOptimizer *opt,
				const Cost *cost,
				const char *msg)
{
  mayInit();

  printf("%s%s >>\n", getHeader(), msg);
  opt->printCostObject(cost);
  printf("\n");
  fflush(stdout);
}

void MdamTrace::printFileScanInfo(ScanOptimizer *opt,
				  const ValueIdSet &partKeyPreds)
{
  mayInit();

  printf("\n%sScan Information:\n", getHeader());
  if (opt->getContext()
    .getReqdPhysicalProperty()->getPerformanceGoal() == NULL
    OR
    opt->getContext().getReqdPhysicalProperty()->getPerformanceGoal() ==
    CURRSTMT_OPTDEFAULTS->getDefaultPerformanceGoal())
  {
    printf("%sOptimizing for last row.\n", indent_);
  }
  else
  {
    printf("%sOptimizing for first row.\n", indent_);
  }

  printf("%sIndex Key: ", indent_);
  opt->getIndexDesc()->getIndexKey().display();

  if (opt->getIndexDesc()->getNAFileSet()->isKeySequenced())
  {
    printf("%s%sTable is key sequenced.\n", indent_, indent_);
  }
  else
  {
    printf("%s%sTable is NOT key sequenced.\n", indent_, indent_);
  }

  printf("%sSelection predicates: ", indent_);
  opt->getRelExpr().getSelectionPred().display();

  printf("%sPartitioning Key Predicates: ", indent_);
  partKeyPreds.display();

  printf("%sExternal inputs: ", indent_);
  opt->getExternalInputs().display();

  printf("%sCharacteristic outputs: ", indent_);
  opt->getRelExpr().getGroupAttr()->getCharacteristicOutputs().display();


  printf("%sReceiving [%.4f] rows (probes)\n", indent_,
              opt->getContext().getInputLogProp()->
              getResultCardinality().value());
  if ((opt->getContext().getInputPhysicalProperty() != NULL) AND
    (opt->getContext().getInputPhysicalProperty()->getNjOuterOrder() != NULL))
  {
    printf("%sIncoming rows with ordering: ", indent_);
    opt->getContext().getInputPhysicalProperty()->
      getNjOuterOrder()->display();
  }
  else
  {
    printf("%sIncoming rows unordered", indent_);
  }

  if ((opt->getContext().getInputLogProp()
       ->getResultCardinality()).isGreaterThanZero() )
  {
    if (opt->getContext().getInputLogProp()->getColStats().entries() > 0 )
    {
      printf("%sStatistics: ", indent_);
      opt->getContext().getInputLogProp()->getColStats().display();
    }
    else
    {
      printf("%sNO statistics.\n", indent_);
    }
  }
  printf("\n");
  fflush(stdout);

}


void MdamTrace::printBasicCost(FileScanOptimizer *opt,
			       SimpleCostVector &prefixFR,
			       SimpleCostVector &prefixLR,
			       const char *msg)
{
  Cost *costPtr = opt->computeCostObject(prefixFR, prefixLR);

  printf("%s%s\n", getHeader(), msg);
  opt->printCostObject(costPtr);
  delete costPtr;
  fflush(stdout);
}


MdamTraceLevel MdamTrace::level()
{
  return level_;
}

void MdamTrace::setLevel(enum MdamTraceLevel l)
{
  level_ = l;
}

#endif // if MDAM_TRACE

enum restrictCheckStrategy { MAJORITY_WITH_PREDICATES=1, TOTAL_UECS=2, BOTH=3 };

static NABoolean checkMDAMadditionalRestriction(
    const ColumnOrderList& keyPredsByCol,
    const CollIndex& lastColumnPosition, 
    const Histograms& hist,
    restrictCheckStrategy strategy,
    CollIndex&  noOfmissingKeyColumns, CollIndex&  presentKeyColumns)
{
   KeyColumns::KeyColumn::KeyColumnType typeOfRange = KeyColumns::KeyColumn::EMPTY;
   CollIndex index = 0;

   NABoolean checkLeadingDivColumns =
             (CmpCommon::getDefault(MTD_GENERATE_CC_PREDS) == DF_ON);

   Lng32 mtd_mdam_uec_threshold = (Lng32)(ActiveSchemaDB()->getDefaults()).
                                     getAsLong(MTD_MDAM_NJ_UEC_THRESHOLD);

   if ( mtd_mdam_uec_threshold < 0 )
     checkLeadingDivColumns = FALSE;

   CostScalar totalRC = hist.getRowCount().getCeiling();

   float totalUEC_threshold = 1;

   Lng32 minRC = (ActiveSchemaDB()->getDefaults()).getAsLong(MDAM_TOTAL_UEC_CHECK_MIN_RC_THRESHOLD);

   if ( totalRC > minRC )
     (ActiveSchemaDB()->getDefaults()).getFloat(MDAM_TOTAL_UEC_CHECK_UEC_THRESHOLD, totalUEC_threshold);

   totalUEC_threshold *= totalRC.getValue();

   NABoolean isLeadingDivisionColumn = FALSE;
   NABoolean isLeadingSaltColumn = FALSE;

   CostScalar totalUecsForPredicatelessKeyColumns = 1;
   CostScalar totalUecsForCurrentPredicatelessKeyColumnGroup = 1;

   ValueIdSet currentPredicatelessKeyColumnGroup;

   for (index = 0; index < lastColumnPosition; index++)
   {
     if (keyPredsByCol.getPredicateExpressionPtr(index) != NULL)
     {
       typeOfRange = keyPredsByCol.getPredicateExpressionPtr(index)->getType();       
     }
     else
       typeOfRange= KeyColumns::KeyColumn::EMPTY;

     isLeadingDivisionColumn = FALSE;
     isLeadingSaltColumn = FALSE;

     ValueId columnVid = keyPredsByCol.getKeyColumnId(index);

     if ( checkLeadingDivColumns )
     {
       // Check if the key column is a leading divisioning column
       isLeadingDivisionColumn = columnVid.isDivisioningColumn();

       // Check if the key column is a leading salted column
       isLeadingSaltColumn = columnVid.isSaltColumn();
     }

     if (typeOfRange == KeyColumns::KeyColumn::EMPTY) {

        // if not check leading DIV columns or check leading div columns
        // and the current key column is not divisioning, increase the
        // the non-key-predicate columns.
        if ( checkLeadingDivColumns == FALSE ||
             (!isLeadingDivisionColumn && !isLeadingSaltColumn)
           )
           noOfmissingKeyColumns++;

        // accumulate the product of uecs for columns without predicates in the current
        // group
        totalUecsForCurrentPredicatelessKeyColumnGroup *= hist.getColStatsForColumn(
                   columnVid).getTotalUec().getCeiling();

        // accumulate the column valud Id at the same time for MC UEC lookup later on.
        currentPredicatelessKeyColumnGroup.insert(columnVid);
     } else {

        checkLeadingDivColumns = FALSE;
        presentKeyColumns++;

        // If the set of key columns without predicate is not empty, fetch the MC UEC 
        // for the entire set. If the MC UEC exists, replace the current accumualted
        // total UEC with the MC UEC.
        //
        // We will set the set to empty so that the fetching MC UEC logic will not kick in 
        // until a new key column without predicates is seen.
        if ( currentPredicatelessKeyColumnGroup.entries() > 1 ) {

           // fetch MC UEC from key coluymns for column set currentPredicatelessKeyColumnGroup 
           const MultiColumnUecList* MCUL = hist.getColStatDescList().getUecList();

           ValueIdSet theLargestSubset = 
                   MCUL->largestSubset(currentPredicatelessKeyColumnGroup.convertToBaseIds());

           if ( theLargestSubset.entries() == currentPredicatelessKeyColumnGroup.entries() ) 
           {
              CostScalar mcUEC = MCUL->lookup(theLargestSubset);

              if ( mcUEC != csMinusOne )
                 totalUecsForCurrentPredicatelessKeyColumnGroup = mcUEC;
           }

           currentPredicatelessKeyColumnGroup.clear();
        }

        totalUecsForPredicatelessKeyColumns *= 
                totalUecsForCurrentPredicatelessKeyColumnGroup;

        totalUecsForCurrentPredicatelessKeyColumnGroup = 1;
     }
   }     

   switch ( strategy ) {
     case MAJORITY_WITH_PREDICATES:
        return (presentKeyColumns > noOfmissingKeyColumns);

     case TOTAL_UECS:
        return ( totalUecsForPredicatelessKeyColumns < totalUEC_threshold );

     case BOTH:
        return ( presentKeyColumns > noOfmissingKeyColumns &&
                 totalUecsForPredicatelessKeyColumns < totalUEC_threshold );

     default:
       return FALSE;
  }
  return FALSE;
}


// MDAM Cost Workarea
//
// This object is used to compute the optimal MDAM cost.
//
// It is allocated on the stack only.

class NewMDAMCostWA
{
public:
  NewMDAMCostWA(FileScanOptimizer & optimizer,
    NABoolean mdamForced,
    MdamKey *mdamKeyPtr,
    const Cost *costBoundPtr,
    const ValueIdSet & exePreds,
    const CostScalar & singleSubsetSize);
  void compute();
  NABoolean isMdamWon() const;
  NABoolean hasNoExePreds() const;
  const CostScalar & getNumKBytes() const;
  void computeDisjunct();
  Cost * getScmCost();

private:
  // output
  NABoolean mdamWon_;
  NABoolean noExePreds_;
  CostScalar numKBytes_;
  Cost * scmCost_;

  // input
  const NABoolean mdamForced_;
  MdamKey *mdamKeyPtr_;
  const Cost *costBoundPtr_;
  FileScanOptimizer & optimizer_;
  const CostScalar singleSubsetSize_;

  // work variables

  // estimated # of rows upper bound of the scan (TODO: per scan probe?)
  const CostScalar innerRowsUpperBound_;
  // estimated # of blocks upper bound of the scan (TODO: per scan probe?)
  // This is computed from innerRowsUpperBound_ and estimatedRecordsPerBlock_;
  // the method of computation doesn't allow us to make this const (sigh)
  CostScalar innerBlocksUpperBound_;
  // estimated # of rows per block of the scan
  const CostScalar estimatedRowsPerBlock_;

  // The disjunct index currently being computed by compute()
  // TODO: does this really need to be a member?
  CollIndex disjunctIndex_;

  // Some terminology:
  //
  // Unfortunately, the term "probe" is overloaded, referring to
  // two very different concepts. 
  //
  // "Scan probe" -- This is the usual Optimizer meaning of the
  // term "probe". It means an input row sent to a relational
  // operator. Many Scan nodes will have just one probe per 
  // statement execution. A Scan node for the inner table of a
  // nested join may have any number of probes. "Scan probe" is
  // not to be confused with "MDAM probe", which is a lower-level
  // concept.
  // "MDAM probe" -- This is the run-time act of materializing the
  // next value for some key column. A subset is created with the
  // begin key reflecting the last value materialized (or the first
  // possible value in the interval if this is the first traversal
  // to this interval). The end key reflects the end of the interval.
  // The run-time fetches at most one row from this subset then
  // closes the subset. The row fetched (if any) gives the next 
  // value of the key column.
  // "MDAM fetch" -- This is the run-time act of fetching rows that
  // satisfy the MDAM key predicates. Zero or more subsets will be
  // generated at run time based on interval boundaries and/or key
  // column values materialized by MDAM probes.

  NABoolean isMultipleScanProbes_; // if true, there may be multiple scan probes
  CostScalar incomingScanProbes_;  // number of scan probes

  // The next few variables are the values for the optimum prefix
  // of the last disjunct costed. Note that since the run-time does
  // MDAM probes until it fails to find another key column value,
  // disjunctOptMDAMProbeRows_ < disjunctMDAMProbeSubsets_. The
  // one exception to this case is when we do "dense" access; then
  // disjunctMdamProbeSubsets_ = 0.

  CostScalar disjunctOptMDAMFetchRows_;  // number of rows fetched by MDAM key predicates
  CostScalar disjunctOptMDAMFetchSubsets_; // number of MDAM fetch subsets
  CostScalar disjunctOptMDAMProbeRows_;  // number of MDAM probes
  CostScalar disjunctOptMDAMProbeSubsets_; // number of MDAM probe subsets

  // set to FALSE if computeDisjunct() finds a heuristic reason that
  // we should not use MDAM

  NABoolean disjunctMdamOK_;

  // scratch space
  const ValueIdSet & exePreds_;
  const ScanForceWildCard *scanForcePtr_;

  // Outer histograms is used in multiple probes, where it is joined with
  // the disjunct histograms and also used to compute # of failed probes
  const Histograms outerHistograms_;
};

// stack allocated only
// work area to find out the optimal disjunct prefix
class NewMDAMOptimalDisjunctPrefixWA{
public:
  NewMDAMOptimalDisjunctPrefixWA(
    FileScanOptimizer & optimizer,
    const ColumnOrderList & keyPredsByCol,
    const ValueIdSet & disjunctKeyPreds,
    const ValueIdSet & exePreds,
    const Histograms & outerHistograms,
    MdamKey *mdamKeyPtr,
    const ScanForceWildCard *scanForcePtr,
    NABoolean mdamForced,
    NABoolean isMultipleProbes,
    const CostScalar & incomingScanProbes,
    const CostScalar & estimatedRecordsPerBlock,
    const CostScalar & innerRowsUpperBound,
    const CostScalar & innerBlocksUpperBound,
    const CostScalar & singleSubsetSize,
    CollIndex disjunctIndex);

  ~NewMDAMOptimalDisjunctPrefixWA();

  CollIndex getOptStopColumn() const;
  const CostScalar & getOptMDAMFetchRows() const;
  const CostScalar & getOptMDAMFetchSubsets() const;
  const CostScalar & getOptMDAMProbeRows() const;
  const CostScalar & getOptMDAMProbeSubsets() const;
  const ValueIdSet & getOptKeyPreds() const;

  void compute(NABoolean & noExePreds /* out */,CostScalar & incomingScanProbes);

  CollIndex getStopColumn() const;

private:

  void applyPredsToHistogram(const ValueIdSet * predsPtr);

  NABoolean isColumnDense(CollIndex columnPosition);

  void calculateMetricsFromKeyPreds(const ValueId & keyColumn, 
                                    const ValueIdSet * predsPtr, const CostScalar & maxUEC,
                                    CostScalar & UECFromPreds /*out*/, CostScalar & IntervalCountFromPreds /*out*/);

  void calculateMetricsFromKeyPred(const ValueId & keyColumn,
    const ValueId & keyPred, const CostScalar & maxUEC, 
    CostScalar & UECFromPreds /*out*/, CostScalar & IntervalCountFromPreds /*out*/,
    int & lessCount /*in/out*/, int & greaterCount /*in/out*/);

  NABoolean keyColumnIsOnTheLeft(const ValueId & keyColumn, ItemExpr * ie);

  NABoolean isMinimalCost(Cost * currentCost,
                          CollIndex columnPosition,
                          NABoolean & forced /* out */);

  // --------------------------- output --------------------------

  // metrics for optimal stop column found so far (and ultimately output)
  CostScalar optMDAMFetchRows_;  // number of rows fetched by MDAM key predicates
  CostScalar optMDAMFetchSubsets_; // number of MDAM fetch subsets
  CostScalar optMDAMProbeRows_;  // number of rows returned by MDAM probe subsets
  CostScalar optMDAMProbeSubsets_; // number of MDAM probe subsets

  CollIndex optStopColumn_;
  // ---------------------------- input -----------------------------
  FileScanOptimizer & optimizer_;
  // array of pointers to key predicates ordered on key columns
  const ColumnOrderList & keyPredsByCol_;
  // key predicates of the disjunct
  const ValueIdSet & disjunctKeyPreds_;
  // executor predicates of the disjunct
  const ValueIdSet & exePreds_;
  // Outer histograms is used in multiple probes, where it is joined with
  // the disjunct histograms and also used to compute # of failed probes
  const Histograms & outerHistograms_;
  // User specified scan force pattern
  const ScanForceWildCard * scanForcePtr_;
  const NABoolean isMultipleProbes_;
  const NABoolean mdamForced_;
  // # of probes
  CostScalar incomingScanProbes_;
  // estimated # of records per block of the scan
  const CostScalar estimatedRecordsPerBlock_;
  // estimated # of rows upper bound of the scan
  const CostScalar innerRowsUpperBound_;
  // estimated # of blocks upper bound of the scan
  const CostScalar innerBlocksUpperBound_;
  // estimated # of rows in a single subset scan (before
  // application of executor predicates)
  const CostScalar singleSubsetSize_;
  const CollIndex disjunctIndex_;
  // ---------------------------- input with side effects -----------
  MdamKey * mdamKeyPtr_;
  // ------------------------------ scratch space ---------------------
  IndexDescHistograms disjunctHistograms_;

  // metrics for optimal stop column found so far
  Cost * optimalCost_;
  
  NABoolean crossProductApplied_;

  const NABoolean multiColUecInfoAvail_;

  NABoolean MCUECOfPriorPrefixFound_;
  CostScalar MCUECOfPriorPrefix_;
};


// stack allocated only
// work area to find out the MDAM cost
class MDAMCostWA
{
public:
  MDAMCostWA(FileScanOptimizer & optimizer,
    NABoolean mdamForced,
    MdamKey *mdamKeyPtr,
    const Cost *costBoundPtr,
    const ValueIdSet & exePreds,
    SimpleCostVector & disjunctsFR,
    SimpleCostVector & disjunctsLR);
  void compute();
  NABoolean isMdamWon() const;
  NABoolean hasNoExePreds() const;
  const CostScalar & getNumKBytes() const;
  void computeDisjunct();
  Cost * getScmCost();
private:
  // output
  NABoolean mdamWon_;
  NABoolean noExePreds_;
  CostScalar numKBytes_;
  // input
  const NABoolean mdamForced_;
  MdamKey *mdamKeyPtr_;
  const Cost *costBoundPtr_;
  FileScanOptimizer & optimizer_;
  // -- side effects
  SimpleCostVector & disjunctsFR_;
  SimpleCostVector & disjunctsLR_;
  Cost * scmCost_;
  // scrach space
  const ValueIdSet & exePreds_;
  // estimated # of rows upper bound of the scan
  const CostScalar innerRowsUpperBound_;
  // estimated # of blocks upper bound of the scan
  // This is computed from innerRowsUpperBound_ and estimatedRecordsPerBlock_
  // Consider making it const and move the computation to the constructor
  CostScalar innerBlocksUpperBound_;
  // estimated # of records per block of the scan
  const CostScalar estimatedRecordsPerBlock_;
  const NABoolean isMultipleProbes_;
  const ScanForceWildCard *scanForcePtr_;
  // Consider making it const and move the computation to the constructor
  CostScalar incomingProbes_;
  // Histograms to apply first column predicates from different disjunct
  // This is used to compute whether there is disjunct overlaps.
  IndexDescHistograms firstColumnHistogram_;
  // Outer histograms is used in multiple probes, where it is joined with
  // the disjunct histograms and also used to compute # of failed probes
  const Histograms outerHistograms_;
  CollIndex disjunctIndex_;
  // -- optimal prefix cost factors of each disjunct
  CostScalar disjunctOptRows_;
  CostScalar disjunctOptRqsts_;
  CostScalar disjunctOptProbesForSubsetBoundaries_;
  CostScalar disjunctOptSeeks_;
  CostScalar disjunctOptSeqKBRead_;
  ValueIdSet disjunctOptKeyPreds_;
  NABoolean disjunctMdamOK_;
  CollIndex disjunctNumLeadingPartPreds_;
  CostScalar disjunctFailedProbes_;
};


// stack allocated only
// work area to find out the optimal disjunct prefix
class MDAMOptimalDisjunctPrefixWA{
public:
  MDAMOptimalDisjunctPrefixWA(
    FileScanOptimizer & optimizer,
    const ColumnOrderList & keyPredsByCol,
    const ValueIdSet & disjunctKeyPreds,
    const ValueIdSet & exePreds,
    const Histograms & outerHistograms,
    IndexDescHistograms & firstColumnHistogram,
    NABoolean & noExePreds,
    MdamKey *mdamKeyPtr,
    const ScanForceWildCard *scanForcePtr,
    NABoolean mdamForced,
    NABoolean isMultipleProbes,
    const CostScalar & incomingProbes,
    const CostScalar & estimatedRecordsPerBlock,
    const CostScalar & innerRowsUpperBound,
    const CostScalar & innerBlocksUpperBound,
    CollIndex disjunctIndex);

  ~MDAMOptimalDisjunctPrefixWA();

  CollIndex getStopColumn() const;
  CollIndex getNumLeadingPartPreds() const;
  const CostScalar & getFailedProbes() const;
  const CostScalar & getOptRows() const;
  const CostScalar & getOptRqsts() const;
  const CostScalar & getOptProbesForSubsetBoundaries() const;
  const CostScalar & getOptSeeks() const;
  const CostScalar & getOptSeqKBRead() const;
  const ValueIdSet & getOptKeyPreds() const;

  void compute();

  const CostScalar rcAfterApplyFirstKeyPreds() const
  { return rcAfterApplyFirstKeyPreds_; }

private:
  void processLeadingColumns();
  void processNonLeadingColumn();
  void applyPredsToHistogram();
  void computeDensityOfColumn();
  void updatePositions();
  void updateStatistics();
  void updateMinPrefix();
  void processSingleSubsetPrefix();
  void computeProbesDisjunct();
  NABoolean missingKeyColumnExists() const;
  // --------------------------- output --------------------------
  // # of failed probes
  CostScalar failedProbes_;
  // optimal prefix's # of rows
  CostScalar optRows_;
  // optimal prefix's # of requests: #effective probes * #subsets
  CostScalar optRqsts_;
  // optimal prefix's # of requests to find subset boudaries
  CostScalar optRqstsForSubsetBoundaries_;
  // optimal prefix's # of seeks
  CostScalar optSeeks_;
  // optimal prefix's # of KB read
  CostScalar optSeqKBRead_;
  // optimal prefix's ey predicates
  ValueIdSet optKeyPreds_;
  // The last column of the optimal prefix, which is 0 based
  CollIndex stopColumn_;
  // The # of partition predicates on the 1st column
  CollIndex numLeadingPartPreds_;
  // ---------------------------- input -----------------------------
  FileScanOptimizer & optimizer_;
  // array of pointers to key predicates ordered on key columns
  const ColumnOrderList & keyPredsByCol_;
  // key predicates of the disjunct
  const ValueIdSet & disjunctKeyPreds_;
  // executor predicates of the disjunct
  const ValueIdSet & exePreds_;
  // Outer histograms is used in multiple probes, where it is joined with
  // the disjunct histograms and also used to compute # of failed probes
  const Histograms & outerHistograms_;
  // User specified scan force pattern
  const ScanForceWildCard * scanForcePtr_;
  const NABoolean isMultipleProbes_;
  const NABoolean mdamForced_;
  // # of probes
  const CostScalar incomingProbes_;
  // estimated # of records per block of the scan
  const CostScalar estimatedRecordsPerBlock_;
  // estimated # of rows upper bound of the scan
  const CostScalar innerRowsUpperBound_;
  // estimated # of blocks upper bound of the scan
  const CostScalar innerBlocksUpperBound_;
  const CollIndex disjunctIndex_;
  // ---------------------------- input with side effects -----------
  IndexDescHistograms & firstColumnHistogram_;
  NABoolean & noExePreds_;
  MdamKey * mdamKeyPtr_;
  // ------------------------------ scrach space ---------------------
  IndexDescHistograms disjunctHistograms_;
  const NABoolean multiColUecInfoAvail_;
  // Last key column position we need to consider
  // when computing optimal prefix. It is one based
  const CollIndex lastColumnPosition_;
  // Whether the multiple subsets overlaps on the first column
  // when comparing to the previous disjunct
  NABoolean firstColOverlaps_;
  // Estimated rows iff multiple probes
  CostScalar multiProbesDataRows_;
  // >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Current prefix related members <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
  // # of subsets of each effective probe at the current level
  CostScalar prefixSubsets_;
  // cumulative # of subsets of each effective probe
  // Why do we care? MDAM is a recursive algorithm. It first materializes
  // values for the first key column. For each of those, it materializes 
  // values for the second key column. And so on. Each of these levels adds
  // progressively more cost which we must take into account. If we look
  // only at prefixSubsets_ (that is, the current column level), we may be
  // misled into thinking that adding more levels of column traversal is
  // free. Which it is not. Moreover, as the number of rows approaches the
  // total number of rows in the table, it is akin to adding an additional
  // table scan.
  CostScalar cumulativePrefixSubsets_;
  // Cached value of CQD MDAM_PROBE_TAX, to which cumulativePrefixSubsets_ 
  // is multiplied when computing cost
  double probeTax_;
  // # of subset seeks of each effective probe
  CostScalar prefixSubsetsAsSeeks_;
  // # of rows of all probes at the current column level
  CostScalar prefixRows_;
  // # of seeks of all probes.
  CostScalar prefixRqsts_;
  // # of additional seeks of all probes to read index blocks
  // to find subset boundaries for a sparse column
  CostScalar prefixRqstsForSubsetBoundaries_;
  // # of seeks of all probes
  CostScalar prefixSeeks_;
  // # of KB read of all probes
  CostScalar prefixKBRead_;
  // accumulated key prdicates for the current prefix
  ValueIdSet prefixKeyPreds_;
  // pointer to key predicates to be applied to the disjunct histograms
  const ValueIdSet *keyPredsPtr2Apply2Histograms_;
  // Current column position
  CollIndex prefixColumnPosition_;
  // Whether we have an equal predicate on the current column
  NABoolean curPredIsEqual_;
  // >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Previous column related memebers <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
  // Whether we had an equal predicate on the previous column
  NABoolean prevPredIsEqual_;
  // The uec for previous column after applying predicate on the column
  CostScalar uecForPreviousCol_;
  // The uec for previous column before applying predicate on teh column
  CostScalar uecForPreviousColBeforeAppPreds_;
  // Take into account the distance betweem the uecs and effects of that on
  // cache hit
  CostScalar uecForPrevColForSeeks_;
  NABoolean firstRound_;
  NABoolean crossProductApplied_;
  NABoolean prevColChosen_;
  CostScalar sumOfUecs_; // The sum of the uecs for all columns
  CostScalar sumOfUecsSoFar_;
  CostScalar blocksToReadPerUec_;
  Cost* pMinCost_;

  // the rowcount as a result of applying the first non-empty key predicate
  // (if any). The value is useful to estimate the number of rows returned
  // for all probes into the inner table with leading key columns absent
  // of predicates.
  CostScalar rcAfterApplyFirstKeyPreds_;
};

#ifndef NDEBUG

static Int32
ScanOptimizerTest1(const FileScan& associatedFileScan
                   ,const CostScalar& resultSetCardinality
                   ,const Context& myContext
                   ,const ValueIdSet &externalInputs
                   ,CollHeap* heap)
{
  // Test shared basic cost objects;

  // Don't bother if sharing is disabled
  //
  if (CURRSTMT_OPTDEFAULTS->reuseBasicCost()) {
    FileScanOptimizer scanOpt(associatedFileScan,
                              resultSetCardinality,
                              myContext,
                              externalInputs);

    // Attempt to get a shared basic cost object.
    //
    SearchKey *searchKey = NULL;
    MdamKey *mdamKey = NULL;
    Cost *cost1 = scanOpt.optimize(searchKey,
                                   mdamKey);


    // Make sure that this time the basic cost object is regenerated
    //
    NABoolean reUseBasicCost = CURRSTMT_OPTDEFAULTS->reuseBasicCost();
    CURRSTMT_OPTDEFAULTS->setReuseBasicCost(FALSE);
    searchKey = NULL;
    mdamKey = NULL;
    Cost *cost2 = scanOpt.optimize(searchKey,
                                   mdamKey);
    CURRSTMT_OPTDEFAULTS->setReuseBasicCost(reUseBasicCost);


    if(cost1->compareCosts(*cost2) != SAME) {
      fprintf(stdout,"Test1 Failed ========\n");
      fprintf(stdout,"Cost1 (shared)\n");
      cost1->print();
      fprintf(stdout,"Cost2\n");
      cost2->print();
    } else {
      fprintf(stdout,"Test1 Passed ====\n");
    }
    delete cost1;
    delete cost2;
  }
  return 0;
}

static Int32
ScanOptimizerTest2(const FileScan& associatedFileScan
                   ,const CostScalar& resultSetCardinality
                   ,const Context& myContext
                   ,const ValueIdSet &externalInputs
                   ,CollHeap* heap)
{
  // Test that the simple scan optimizer produces the same cost as the
  // original.

  static Int32 test2Cnt = 0;
  static Int32 totalCnt = 0;
  static Int32 failCnt = 0;

  totalCnt++;
  if(ScanOptimizer::useSimpleFileScanOptimizer(associatedFileScan,
                                               myContext,
                                               externalInputs)) {
    test2Cnt++;
    SimpleFileScanOptimizer simpleScanOpt(associatedFileScan,
                                          resultSetCardinality,
                                          myContext,
                                          externalInputs);

    FileScanOptimizer complexScanOpt(associatedFileScan,
                                     resultSetCardinality,
                                     myContext,
                                     externalInputs);


    // Make sure that the basic cost object is regenerated
    //
    NABoolean reUseBasicCost = CURRSTMT_OPTDEFAULTS->reuseBasicCost();
    CURRSTMT_OPTDEFAULTS->setReuseBasicCost(FALSE);

    SearchKey *searchKey1 = NULL;
    MdamKey *mdamKey1 = NULL;
    Cost *cost1 = simpleScanOpt.optimize(searchKey1,
                                         mdamKey1);

    SearchKey *searchKey2 = NULL;
    MdamKey *mdamKey2 = NULL;
    Cost *cost2 = complexScanOpt.optimize(searchKey2,
                                          mdamKey2);

    CURRSTMT_OPTDEFAULTS->setReuseBasicCost(reUseBasicCost);

    if(mdamKey2) {
      fprintf(stdout,"Test 2.5 Failed MDAM ================\n");

      fprintf(stdout,"Key Columns\n");
      searchKey1->getKeyColumns().display();

      fprintf(stdout,"Key Predicates\n");
      searchKey1->getKeyPredicates().display();

      fprintf(stdout,"Exec Predicates\n");
      searchKey1->getExecutorPredicates().display();

      failCnt++;
    } else if(cost1->compareCosts(*cost2) != SAME) {
      ElapsedTime et1 (cost1->convertToElapsedTime(NULL));
      ElapsedTime et2 (cost2->convertToElapsedTime(NULL));

      CostScalar perDiff;
      if(et1 != et2) {
        perDiff = ((et1 > et2) ? (et1-et2) : (et2-et1))/et2;
      } else {
        CostScalar tc_et1 = cost1->getTotalCost().getElapsedTime
          (*(CURRSTMT_OPTDEFAULTS->getResourcePerformanceGoal()),
            CURRSTMT_OPTDEFAULTS->getDefaultCostWeight());
        CostScalar tc_et2 = cost2->getTotalCost().getElapsedTime
          (*(CURRSTMT_OPTDEFAULTS->getResourcePerformanceGoal()),
           CURRSTMT_OPTDEFAULTS->getDefaultCostWeight());

        perDiff = ((tc_et1 > tc_et2) ? (tc_et1-tc_et2) : (tc_et2-tc_et1))/tc_et2;

      }

      perDiff = perDiff * 100;
      if (perDiff > 2.0) {
        fprintf(stdout,"Test 2 Failed %6.4f %6.4f %6.3f ",
                et1.value(), et2.value(), perDiff.value());

        Int32 i = (Int32)(perDiff.getCeiling().getValue());
        i = ((i > 70) ? 70 : i);
        for(; i > 0; i--) {
          fprintf(stdout, "=");
        }
        fprintf(stdout, "\n");
        failCnt++;

//        fprintf(stdout,"Simple Cost\n");
//        cost1->print();
//        fprintf(stdout,"Complex Cost\n");
//        cost2->print();

        fprintf(stdout,"Test2 Stats (%d:%d:%d)(%d) ====\n", totalCnt, test2Cnt, failCnt,
                (Int32)(100*((float)test2Cnt/(float)totalCnt)));

      } else {
        fprintf(stdout,"Test2 Passed (%d:%d:%d)(%d) %6.3f\n",
                totalCnt, test2Cnt, failCnt, (Int32)(100*((float)test2Cnt/(float)totalCnt)),
                perDiff.value());
      }
    } else {
      fprintf(stdout,"Test2 Passed (%d:%d:%d)(%d) ====\n", totalCnt, test2Cnt, failCnt,
              (Int32)(100*((float)test2Cnt/(float)totalCnt)));
    }
    delete cost1;
    delete cost2;
  }

  return 0;
}

//THREAD_P TaskMonitor* simpleFSOMonPtr = NULL;
//THREAD_P TaskMonitor* complexFSOMonPtr = NULL;

static Int32
ScanOptimizerTest3(const FileScan& associatedFileScan
                   ,const CostScalar& resultSetCardinality
                   ,const Context& myContext
                   ,const ValueIdSet &externalInputs
                   ,CollHeap* heap)
{
  // Test the performance of the simple scan optimizer compared to the
  // original.

  if(ScanOptimizer::useSimpleFileScanOptimizer(associatedFileScan,
                                               myContext,
                                               externalInputs)) {

    SimpleFileScanOptimizer simpleScanOpt(associatedFileScan,
                                          resultSetCardinality,
                                          myContext,
                                          externalInputs);

    FileScanOptimizer complexScanOpt(associatedFileScan,
                                     resultSetCardinality,
                                     myContext,
                                     externalInputs);


    // Make sure that the basic cost object is regenerated
    //
    NABoolean reUseBasicCost = CURRSTMT_OPTDEFAULTS->reuseBasicCost();
    CURRSTMT_OPTDEFAULTS->setReuseBasicCost(FALSE);

    CURRENTSTMT->getSimpleFSOMonPtr()->enter();

    Int32 i;
    for(i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
      SearchKey *searchKey1 = NULL;
      MdamKey *mdamKey1 = NULL;
      Cost *cost1 = simpleScanOpt.optimize(searchKey1,
                                           mdamKey1);
      delete cost1;
    }
    CURRENTSTMT->getSimpleFSOMonPtr()->exit();

    CURRENTSTMT->getComplexFSOMonPtr()->enter();

    for(i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
      SearchKey *searchKey2 = NULL;
      MdamKey *mdamKey2 = NULL;
      Cost *cost2 = complexScanOpt.optimize(searchKey2,
                                            mdamKey2);
      delete cost2;
    }
    CURRENTSTMT->getComplexFSOMonPtr()->exit();
    CURRSTMT_OPTDEFAULTS->setReuseBasicCost(reUseBasicCost);

    cout << "Test3  simpleFSO  : "<< *(CURRENTSTMT->getSimpleFSOMonPtr()) << endl;
    cout << "Test3  complexFSO : "<< *(CURRENTSTMT->getComplexFSOMonPtr()) << endl;

  }
  return 0;
}

static Int32
ScanOptimizerTest4(const FileScan& associatedFileScan
                   ,const CostScalar& resultSetCardinality
                   ,const Context& myContext
                   ,const ValueIdSet &externalInputs
                   ,CollHeap* heap)
{
  // Test that the simple scan optimizer produces the same cost as the
  // original.

  static Int32 test4Cnt = 0;
  static Int32 totalCnt = 0;
  static Int32 failCnt = 0;

  if(!ScanOptimizer::useSimpleFileScanOptimizer(associatedFileScan,
                                                myContext,
                                                externalInputs)) {

    totalCnt++;

    FileScanOptimizer complexScanOpt(associatedFileScan,
                                     resultSetCardinality,
                                     myContext,
                                     externalInputs);


    // Make sure that the basic cost object is regenerated
    //
    NABoolean reUseBasicCost = CURRSTMT_OPTDEFAULTS->reuseBasicCost();
    CURRSTMT_OPTDEFAULTS->setReuseBasicCost(FALSE);

    SearchKey *searchKey2 = NULL;
    MdamKey *mdamKey2 = NULL;
    Cost *cost2 = complexScanOpt.optimize(searchKey2,
                                          mdamKey2);

    CURRSTMT_OPTDEFAULTS->setReuseBasicCost(reUseBasicCost);

    // If didn't choose SimpleScanOptimizer, but could have (should have)...
    //
    if(searchKey2 &&
        (myContext.getInputLogProp()->getColStats().entries() == 0))
    {
      test4Cnt++;
      SimpleFileScanOptimizer simpleScanOpt(associatedFileScan,
                                            resultSetCardinality,
                                            myContext,
                                            externalInputs);

      // Make sure that the basic cost object is regenerated
      //
      NABoolean reUseBasicCost = CURRSTMT_OPTDEFAULTS->reuseBasicCost();
      CURRSTMT_OPTDEFAULTS->setReuseBasicCost(FALSE);

      SearchKey *searchKey1 = NULL;
      MdamKey *mdamKey1 = NULL;
      Cost *cost1 = simpleScanOpt.optimize(searchKey1,
                                           mdamKey1);

      CURRSTMT_OPTDEFAULTS->setReuseBasicCost(reUseBasicCost);

      if(cost1->compareCosts(*cost2) != SAME) {
        ElapsedTime et1 (cost1->convertToElapsedTime(NULL));
        ElapsedTime et2 (cost2->convertToElapsedTime(NULL));

        CostScalar perDiff;
        if(et1 != et2) {
          perDiff = ((et1 > et2) ? (et1-et2) : (et2-et1))/et2;
        } else {
          CostScalar tc_et1 = cost1->getTotalCost().getElapsedTime
            (*(CURRSTMT_OPTDEFAULTS->getResourcePerformanceGoal()),
             CURRSTMT_OPTDEFAULTS->getDefaultCostWeight());
          CostScalar tc_et2 = cost2->getTotalCost().getElapsedTime
            ( *(CURRSTMT_OPTDEFAULTS->getResourcePerformanceGoal()),
              CURRSTMT_OPTDEFAULTS->getDefaultCostWeight() );

          perDiff = ((tc_et1 > tc_et2) ? (tc_et1-tc_et2)
                                        : (tc_et2-tc_et1))/tc_et2;

        }

        perDiff = perDiff * 100;
        if (perDiff > 2.0) {
          fprintf(stdout,"Test 4 Failed %6.4f %6.4f %6.3f ",
                  et1.value(), et2.value(), perDiff.value());

          Int32 i = (Int32)(perDiff.getCeiling().getValue());
          i = ((i > 70) ? 70 : i);
          for(; i > 0; i--) {
            fprintf(stdout, "=");
          }
          fprintf(stdout, "\n");
          failCnt++;
        } else {
          fprintf(stdout,"Test4 Passed (%d:%d:%d) %6.3f\n",
                  totalCnt, test4Cnt, failCnt, perDiff.value());
        }
      } else {
        fprintf(stdout,"Test4 Passed (%d:%d:%d) ====\n",
            totalCnt, test4Cnt, failCnt);
      }
      delete cost1;
    }
    delete cost2;

  }
  return 0;
}

static Int32
ScanOptimizerTest5(const FileScan& associatedFileScan
                   ,const CostScalar& resultSetCardinality
                   ,const Context& myContext
                   ,const ValueIdSet &externalInputs
                   ,CollHeap* heap)
{
  // Test that the simple scan optimizer produces the same cost as the
  // original for cases of Multiprobe.

  static Int32 test5Cnt = 0;
  static Int32 totalCnt = 0;
  static Int32 failCnt = 0;

  totalCnt++;
  if(ScanOptimizer::useSimpleFileScanOptimizer(associatedFileScan,
                                               myContext,
                                               externalInputs)) {

    CostScalar repeatCount = myContext.getPlan()->getPhysicalProperty()->
      getDP2CostThatDependsOnSPP()->getRepeatCountForOperatorsInDP2();

    if ((repeatCount > 1.0) OR
        (myContext.getInputLogProp()->getColStats().entries() > 0)) {

      test5Cnt++;
      SimpleFileScanOptimizer simpleScanOpt(associatedFileScan,
                                            resultSetCardinality,
                                            myContext,
                                            externalInputs);

      FileScanOptimizer complexScanOpt(associatedFileScan,
                                       resultSetCardinality,
                                       myContext,
                                       externalInputs);


      // Make sure that the basic cost object is regenerated
      //
      NABoolean reUseBasicCost = CURRSTMT_OPTDEFAULTS->reuseBasicCost();
      CURRSTMT_OPTDEFAULTS->setReuseBasicCost(FALSE);

      SearchKey *searchKey1 = NULL;
      MdamKey *mdamKey1 = NULL;
      Cost *cost1 = simpleScanOpt.optimize(searchKey1,
                                           mdamKey1);

      SearchKey *searchKey2 = NULL;
      MdamKey *mdamKey2 = NULL;
      Cost *cost2 = complexScanOpt.optimize(searchKey2,
                                            mdamKey2);

      CURRSTMT_OPTDEFAULTS->setReuseBasicCost(reUseBasicCost);

      if(mdamKey2) {
        fprintf(stdout,"Test 5.5 Failed MDAM ================\n");

        fprintf(stdout,"Key Columns\n");
        searchKey1->getKeyColumns().display();

        fprintf(stdout,"Key Predicates\n");
        searchKey1->getKeyPredicates().display();

        fprintf(stdout,"Exec Predicates\n");
        searchKey1->getExecutorPredicates().display();

        failCnt++;
      } else if(cost1->compareCosts(*cost2) != SAME) {
        ElapsedTime et1 (cost1->convertToElapsedTime(NULL));
        ElapsedTime et2 (cost2->convertToElapsedTime(NULL));

        CostScalar perDiff;
        if(et1 != et2) {
          perDiff = ((et1 > et2) ? (et1-et2) : (et2-et1))/et2;
        } else {
          CostScalar tc_et1 = cost1->getTotalCost().getElapsedTime
            (*(CURRSTMT_OPTDEFAULTS->getResourcePerformanceGoal()),
            CURRSTMT_OPTDEFAULTS->getDefaultCostWeight());
          CostScalar tc_et2 = cost2->getTotalCost().getElapsedTime
            (*(CURRSTMT_OPTDEFAULTS->getResourcePerformanceGoal()),
             CURRSTMT_OPTDEFAULTS->getDefaultCostWeight());

          perDiff = ((tc_et1 > tc_et2) ? (tc_et1-tc_et2) : (tc_et2-tc_et1))/tc_et2;

        }

        perDiff = perDiff * 100;
        if (perDiff > 2.0) {
          fprintf(stdout,"Test 5 Failed %6.4f %6.4f %6.3f ",
                  et1.value(), et2.value(), perDiff.value());

          Int32 i = (Int32)(perDiff.getCeiling().getValue());
          i = ((i > 70) ? 70 : i);
          for(; i > 0; i--) {
            fprintf(stdout, "=");
          }
          fprintf(stdout, "\n");
          failCnt++;

          //        fprintf(stdout,"Simple Cost\n");
          //        cost1->print();
          //        fprintf(stdout,"Complex Cost\n");
          //        cost2->print();

          fprintf(stdout,"Test5 Stats (%d:%d:%d)(%d) ====\n", totalCnt, test5Cnt, failCnt,
                  (Int32)(100*((float)test5Cnt/(float)totalCnt)));

        } else {
          fprintf(stdout,"Test5 Passed (%d:%d:%d)(%d) %6.3f\n",
                  totalCnt, test5Cnt, failCnt, (Int32)(100*((float)test5Cnt/(float)totalCnt)), perDiff.value());
        }
      } else {
        fprintf(stdout,"Test5 Passed (%d:%d:%d)(%d) ====\n", totalCnt, test5Cnt, failCnt,
                (Int32)(100*((float)test5Cnt/(float)totalCnt)));
      }
      delete cost1;
      delete cost2;
    }
  }

  return 0;
}

static Int32
ScanOptimizerAllTests(const FileScan& associatedFileScan
                      ,const CostScalar& resultSetCardinality
                      ,const Context& myContext
                      ,const ValueIdSet &externalInputs
                      ,CollHeap* heap)

{
  NADefaults &defs = ActiveSchemaDB()->getDefaults();
  ULng32 testsToRun = defs.getAsULong(FSO_RUN_TESTS);

  if(testsToRun & 0x01) {
    ScanOptimizerTest1(associatedFileScan
                       ,resultSetCardinality
                       ,myContext
                       ,externalInputs
                       ,heap);
  }

  if(testsToRun & 0x02) {
    ScanOptimizerTest2(associatedFileScan
                       ,resultSetCardinality
                       ,myContext
                       ,externalInputs
                       ,heap);
  }

  if(testsToRun & 0x04) {
    ScanOptimizerTest3(associatedFileScan
                       ,resultSetCardinality
                       ,myContext
                       ,externalInputs
                       ,heap);
  }

  if(testsToRun & 0x08) {
    ScanOptimizerTest4(associatedFileScan
                       ,resultSetCardinality
                       ,myContext
                       ,externalInputs
                       ,heap);
  }

  if(testsToRun & 0x10) {
    ScanOptimizerTest5(associatedFileScan
                       ,resultSetCardinality
                       ,myContext
                       ,externalInputs
                       ,heap);
  }

  return 0;
}
#endif


// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
// getDp2CacheSizeInBlocks
//   Given a block size, this method returns the number of blocks in
// cache for blocks of that size.
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
CostScalar
getDP2CacheSizeInBlocks(const CostScalar& blockSizeInKb)
{
    CostScalar cacheSizeInBlocks = csZero;

    if (blockSizeInKb >= 64.)
      cacheSizeInBlocks = 
        CostPrimitives::getBasicCostFactor(NCM_CACHE_SIZE_IN_BLOCKS);
    else if (blockSizeInKb == 32.)
      cacheSizeInBlocks =
        CostPrimitives::getBasicCostFactor(DP2_CACHE_32K_BLOCKS);
    else if (blockSizeInKb == 16.)
      cacheSizeInBlocks =
        CostPrimitives::getBasicCostFactor(DP2_CACHE_16K_BLOCKS);
    else if (blockSizeInKb == 8.)
      cacheSizeInBlocks =
        CostPrimitives::getBasicCostFactor(DP2_CACHE_8K_BLOCKS);
    else if (blockSizeInKb == 4.)
      cacheSizeInBlocks =
        CostPrimitives::getBasicCostFactor(DP2_CACHE_4096_BLOCKS);
    else if (blockSizeInKb == 2.)
      cacheSizeInBlocks =
        CostPrimitives::getBasicCostFactor(DP2_CACHE_2048_BLOCKS);
    else if (blockSizeInKb == 1.)
      cacheSizeInBlocks =
        CostPrimitives::getBasicCostFactor(DP2_CACHE_1024_BLOCKS);
    else if (blockSizeInKb == 0.5)
      cacheSizeInBlocks =
        CostPrimitives::getBasicCostFactor(DP2_CACHE_512_BLOCKS);
    else
      cacheSizeInBlocks =
        CostPrimitives::getBasicCostFactor(NCM_CACHE_SIZE_IN_BLOCKS);

  return cacheSizeInBlocks;

}

// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
//  removeConstantsFromTargetSortKey
//
//    This method removes columns that are covered by constants on the left
//  (source) side of a binary operator from the passed in right child
// (target) sort key. This is useful for example, for the following scenario:
//   create table foo (pnum int, primary key pnum);
//   create table bar (empnum int, pnum int, primary key (empnum, pnum));
//   insert into bar select 100,pnum from foo;
//
//   Target column empnum is equivalent to 100 on the source side but
// not on the target side. Still, all the PROBES to the target table
// will have their empnum value equal to 100. If we can realize this on
// the target side then the ordersMatch method will be able to determine
// that the probes are completely in order. This is genesis case
// 10-000925-2516.  If we don't do this the ordersMatch method could
// fail an assertion because we are counting on columns on one side
// of the map that are covered by constants are also covered by
// constants on the other side of the map.
//
//
// INPUT PARAMS:
//   targetSortKey: The right child sort key columns
//   map : the map that maps values from one side of the op to the other
//
// OUTPUT PARAMS:
//   rightChildSortKey, possibly modified.
//
// RETURN VALUE:
//   None.
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
void
removeConstantsFromTargetSortKey(ValueIdList* targetSortKey,
                                 ValueIdMap* map)
{
  // Map the target sort key cols to the source
  ValueIdList mappedTargetSortKey;
  map->rewriteValueIdListDown(
         *targetSortKey,
         mappedTargetSortKey);
  // Remove from the mapped sort key any cols that are equal to constants
  ValueIdSet charInputs; // empty : we only want to remove constants
  mappedTargetSortKey.removeCoveredExprs(charInputs);
  if (mappedTargetSortKey.entries() < targetSortKey->entries())
  {
    // Map back the mapped target sort key cols
    ValueIdList remappedTargetSortKey;
    map->rewriteValueIdListUp(
           remappedTargetSortKey,
           mappedTargetSortKey);
    // Set the target sort key to the version with columns covered by
    // constants now removed
    *targetSortKey = remappedTargetSortKey;
  }

}

//  isOrderedNJFeasible
//
//  This method checks to see if leading column of left child and
//  right child of a NJ are same. This method gets called from
//  insert, update, delete computeOperatorCost methods if IPP is
//  being passed. The reason for calling this method is these operators
//  manipulate left and right sort keys. If we don't make sure atleast
//  leading key cols are same then ordersMatch method will assert.

// INPUT PARAMS:
//   leftKeys: The left child sort key columns
//   rightKeys: The right child sort key columns
//
//
// RETURN VALUE:
//  TRUE if leading cols are same, FALSE otherwise.

NABoolean
isOrderedNJFeasible (ValueIdList leftKeys, ValueIdList rightKeys)
{
  if (leftKeys.isEmpty() || rightKeys.isEmpty())
    return FALSE;

  ValueId lKeyCol = leftKeys[0];
  // Remove any inverse node on the leading left table
  ValueId noInverseLKeyCol =
    lKeyCol.getItemExpr()->removeInverseOrder()->getValueId();
  NABoolean lKeyColIsDesc = FALSE;
  if (noInverseLKeyCol != lKeyCol)
    lKeyColIsDesc = TRUE;

  ValueId rKeyCol = rightKeys[0];
  // Remove any inverse node on the leading right table
  ValueId noInverseRKeyCol =
    rKeyCol.getItemExpr()->removeInverseOrder()->getValueId();
  NABoolean rKeyColIsDesc = FALSE;
  if (noInverseRKeyCol != rKeyCol)
    rKeyColIsDesc = TRUE;

  // Return orderedNJ as not feasible for divisioning columns 
  // where the order is set to DESCENDING. 
  if(lKeyColIsDesc || rKeyColIsDesc)
  {
    if (lKeyColIsDesc)
    {
      BaseColumn *lBaseColumn = noInverseLKeyCol.castToBaseColumn();
      if(lBaseColumn && lBaseColumn->getNAColumn()->isComputedColumn())
	return FALSE;
    }
    if (rKeyColIsDesc)
    {
      BaseColumn *rBaseColumn = noInverseRKeyCol.castToBaseColumn();
      if(rBaseColumn && rBaseColumn->getNAColumn()->isComputedColumn())
	return FALSE;
    }
  }

  // Leading column of the left table sort key and the
  // leading column of the right table sort key must be
  // the same. If one is DESC, they must both be DESC.
  if ((noInverseLKeyCol == noInverseRKeyCol) AND
      (lKeyColIsDesc == rKeyColIsDesc))
    return TRUE;
  else
    return FALSE;
}

// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
//  ordersMatch method
//    This method determines if the inner table sort key is in the same
//  order as the outer table sort key. Only applicable when processing
//  the right child of a nested join operator.
//
// INPUT PARAMS:
//   ipp: The input physical properties
//   indexDesc: The index descriptor of the access path
//   innerOrder : the sort key for the access path
//   charInputs: The characteristic inputs for this operator
//   partiallyInOrderOK: TRUE if the order can be used even if the probes
//                       are not completely in order. This will be TRUE
//                       for read, update and delete, and FALSE for insert.
// OUTPUT PARAMS:
//   probesForceSynchronousAccess: TRUE if the probes are completely
//     in order across multiple partitions and the clustering key is
//     the same as the partitioning key. FALSE otherwise.
// RETURN VALUE:
//   TRUE if there is a match between the probes order and the
//   table's (or index's) order. FALSE otherwise.
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
NABoolean
ordersMatch(const InputPhysicalProperty* ipp,
            const IndexDesc* indexDesc,
            const ValueIdList* innerOrder,
            const ValueIdSet& charInputs,
            NABoolean partiallyInOrderOK,
            NABoolean& probesForceSynchronousAccess,
	    NABoolean noCmpAssert)
{

  ValueIdList innerOrderProbeCols;
  // temporary var to keep column Ids without inverse for possible
  // use to get UEC for this column from histograms
  ValueIdList innerOrderProbeColsNoInv;

  CollIndex numInOrderCols = 0;

  NABoolean partiallyInOrder = FALSE;
  NABoolean fullyInOrder = FALSE;

  probesForceSynchronousAccess = FALSE;

  if ((ipp != NULL) AND (!(ipp->getAssumeSortedForCosting())) AND
     (!(ipp->getExplodedOcbJoinForCosting())))
  {
    // Shouldn't have an ipp if there are no outer order columns!
    if ((ipp->getNjOuterOrder() == NULL) OR
         ipp->getNjOuterOrder()->isEmpty())
    {
      if (NOT noCmpAssert)
	CCMPASSERT(FALSE);
      return FALSE;
    }
    // An ipp should also have the outer expression partitioning function!
    if (ipp->getNjOuterOrderPartFunc() == NULL)
    {
      if (NOT noCmpAssert)
	CCMPASSERT(FALSE);
      return FALSE;
    }
    // Should not have passed the ipp if this access path could not
    // use the outer order, so there MUST be at least one sort key column!
    if (innerOrder->isEmpty())
    {
      if (NOT noCmpAssert)
	CCMPASSERT(FALSE);
      return FALSE;
    }

    // Get the physical partitioning function for the access path
    const PartitioningFunction* physicalPartFunc =
      indexDesc->getPartitioningFunction();
    // If the outer order is not a DP2 sort order, and the access path
    // is range partitioned, then need to check if the probes will force
    // synchronous access to the partitions of this access path. The
    // probes will force synchronous access if the leading partitioning
    // key column is the same as the leading clustering key column.
    if ((ipp->getNjDp2OuterOrderPartFunc() == NULL) AND
        (physicalPartFunc != NULL)) // will be NULL for unpart tables
    {
      const RangePartitioningFunction* rpf =
        physicalPartFunc->castToRangePartitioningFunction();
      if (rpf != NULL)
      {
        ValueIdList partKeyAsList;
        // Get the partitioning key as a list
        partKeyAsList = rpf->getKeyColumnList();
        CCMPASSERT(NOT partKeyAsList.isEmpty());

        // Get the leading partitioning key column
        ValueId leadingPartKeyCol = partKeyAsList[0];

        // Get the leading clustering key column - remove any INVERSE node
        ValueId leadingClustKeyCol = (*innerOrder)[0];
        leadingClustKeyCol =
          leadingClustKeyCol.getItemExpr()->removeInverseOrder()->getValueId();

        if (leadingClustKeyCol == leadingPartKeyCol)
          probesForceSynchronousAccess = TRUE;
      } // end if a range partitioned table
    } // end if not a DP2 sort order and a partitioned table

    // Determine which columns of the index sort key are probe columns,
    // up to the first column not covered by a constant or probe column.
    // To do this we call the "findNJEquiJoinCols" method. The equijoin
    // cols are the probe columns, i.e. the values coming from the outer
    // child. For read these will be the equijoin columns, for write
    // they are the key values of the records that need to be written.
    //
    // Note that for write, all the call to this method really does
    // is eliminate any columns that are covered by constants or
    // params/host vars. This is because all key columns will
    // always be probe columns, since we always need all the key cols
    // to accurately determine the record to insert/update/delete. So,
    // we could just call the method "removeCoveredExprs" for write.
    // This would require adding another parameter to the ordersMatch
    // method to distinguish write from read. This is considered
    // undesirable, and so is not done.

    ValueIdList uncoveredCols;
    innerOrderProbeCols =
      innerOrder->findNJEquiJoinCols(
        ipp->getNjOuterCharOutputs(),
        charInputs,
        uncoveredCols);

    // There MUST be some probe columns, otherwise there should not
    // have been an ipp!
    if (innerOrderProbeCols.isEmpty())
    {
      if (NOT noCmpAssert)
	CCMPASSERT(FALSE);
      return FALSE;
    }

    ValueIdList njOuterOrder = *(ipp->getNjOuterOrder());
    // Sol 10-040303-3781. The number of entries of innerOrderProbCols(5)
    // could be greater than of njOuterOrder(3). In this case we hit ABORT
    // in Collections.cpp for unused element of njOuterOrder. The
    // following restriction on loop iteration prevents it. We need to
    // investigate details why we got innerOredrProbCols bigger than
    // njOuetrOredr iin the first place. That corresponding case will
    // be created.
    CollIndex maxInOrderCols =
        MINOF(njOuterOrder.entries(), innerOrderProbeCols.entries());
    fullyInOrder = TRUE;

    // Determine if the leading inner order column and the leading
    // column of the outer order are the same.
    ValueId innerOrderCol;
    ValueId noInverseInnerOrderCol;
    NABoolean innerOrderColIsDesc = FALSE;
    ValueId outerOrderCol;
    ValueId noInverseOuterOrderCol;
    NABoolean outerOrderColIsDesc = FALSE;

    do
    {
      // Remove any inverse node on the inner order column
      // and remember if there was one.
      innerOrderCol = innerOrderProbeCols[numInOrderCols];
      noInverseInnerOrderCol =
        innerOrderCol.getItemExpr()->removeInverseOrder()->getValueId();
      innerOrderProbeColsNoInv.insert(noInverseInnerOrderCol);
      innerOrderColIsDesc = FALSE;
      if (noInverseInnerOrderCol != innerOrderCol)
        innerOrderColIsDesc = TRUE;

      // Remove any inverse node on the leading outer order column
      // and remember if there was one.
      outerOrderCol = njOuterOrder[numInOrderCols];
      noInverseOuterOrderCol =
        outerOrderCol.getItemExpr()->removeInverseOrder()->getValueId();
      outerOrderColIsDesc = FALSE;
      if (noInverseOuterOrderCol != outerOrderCol)
        outerOrderColIsDesc = TRUE;

      // The column of the inner table sort key and the
      // the column of the outer table sort key must be
      // the same. If one is DESC, they must both be DESC.
      if ((noInverseInnerOrderCol != noInverseOuterOrderCol) OR
          (innerOrderColIsDesc != outerOrderColIsDesc))
        fullyInOrder = FALSE;
      else if (numInOrderCols == 0)
      {
        // The leading inner order column is in the same order as the
        // leading outer order column, so the probes are at least
        // partially in order. If all remaining inner order columns
        // are in order then the probes will be completely in order.
        partiallyInOrder = TRUE;
        // If there are fewer inner order columns than outer order columns,
        // then it is possible the probes are completely in order. Set
        // the flag so we will continue looping to compare any
        // remaining inner order columns.
        //if (innerOrderProbeCols.entries() <= njOuterOrder.entries())
        //  fullyInOrder = TRUE;
      }

      numInOrderCols++; // advance to the next sortkey column, if any
    } while ((numInOrderCols < maxInOrderCols) AND fullyInOrder);

    // Since there is an ipp, the probes must be at least partially in the
    // same order,  because we checked this before passing the ipp!
    if (NOT partiallyInOrder)
    {
      if (NOT noCmpAssert)
	CCMPASSERT(FALSE);
      return FALSE;
    }
  } // end if ipp exists


  if (fullyInOrder)
  {
    return TRUE;
  }
  else if (partiallyInOrder AND partiallyInOrderOK)
  {
    // Compute the cardinality of the in-order inner order columns.
    // This is the rowcount of the table divided by the unique entry
    // count (uec) of the in-order columns, i.e. the total number
    // of rows for each in-order column value. Divide this by the
    // rows per block to arrive at the total number of blocks that
    // might need to be read before all rows from a given block
    // are read. If this number of blocks is smaller than the cache
    // size, then we can cost this the same as the completely
    // in order case. So return TRUE. Otherwise, we must cost the
    // same as in the completely un-ordered case, so return FALSE.

    // Get a list of colstats. Each colstats contains the
    // histogram data for one column of the table.
    const ColStatDescList& csdl =
      indexDesc->getPrimaryTableDesc()->getTableColStats();

    CollIndex baseTableColIndex;
    CostScalar currentColUec;
    CostScalar totalInOrderColsUec = csOne;

    // We could get the rowcount from any of the columns, so just
    // arbitrarily get it from column 0.
    CostScalar rowcount = csdl[0]->getColStats()->getRowcount();

    // Compute the total number of unique values for all the in-order
    // key columns.
    for (CollIndex keyColIndex = 0; keyColIndex < numInOrderCols; keyColIndex++)
    {
      // Sol 10-040303-3781. Previously we were retrieving columns from
      // innerOrderProbeCols list.  The column 0 of innerOrderProbCols had the
      // type ITM_INVERSE. This type was not processed in getColStatDescForColumn,
      // as a result baseTableColIndex was left uninitialized and we hit
      // ABORT in Collections.cpp. Another change - if column cannot be found
      // and getColStatDescIndexForColumn returns FALSE we should consider it
      // as situation with m=not matching columns and return FALSE as we did
      // already many times in this method.

      if (NOT csdl.getColStatDescIndexForColumn(
            baseTableColIndex, innerOrderProbeColsNoInv[keyColIndex])
         )
      {
	if (NOT noCmpAssert)
	  CCMPASSERT(FALSE);
        return FALSE;
      }
      currentColUec = csdl[baseTableColIndex]->getColStats()->getTotalUec();
      totalInOrderColsUec = totalInOrderColsUec * currentColUec;
    }

    // Divide the rowcount by the total uec for the in-order cols to
    // get the # of rows for each unique in-order key value.
    CostScalar rowcountPerKeyValue =
      (rowcount / totalInOrderColsUec).getCeiling();

    CostScalar blockSizeInKb = indexDesc->getBlockSizeInKb();
    // Get the # of blocks for each unique in-order key value.
    CostScalar rowsPerBlock =
      (blockSizeInKb / indexDesc->getRecordSizeInKb()).getFloor();
    CostScalar blocksPerKeyValue =
      (rowcountPerKeyValue /  rowsPerBlock).getCeiling();

    // Get the # of cache blocks available for this size of data blocks.
    CostScalar cacheSizeInBlocks = getDP2CacheSizeInBlocks(blockSizeInKb);

    // If the # of blocks for each unique in-order key value fits in
    // cache, then we will never have to read any block twice. Return TRUE.
    if (blocksPerKeyValue <= cacheSizeInBlocks)
      return TRUE;
    else
      return FALSE;
  } // end if partially in order
  else
  {
    return FALSE;
  }

} // ordersMatch()

// This should be a member of ItemExpr...
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
// INPUT:
//      columnId: A valueId that represents the column. It has to
//      be either a VegRef, a base column, or a index column.
//
//      equalityPredId: A valueid that represents the predicate
//      it has to be either a VegPred or an Equality pred.
//
// OUTPUT:
//      TRUE if the pred references the
//      columnId in any of its operands.
//
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
static NABoolean
predReferencesColumn(const ItemExpr *predIEPtr
                     ,const ValueId& columnId)
{

  NABoolean itDoes = FALSE;

  DCMPASSERT(predIEPtr->isAPredicate());

  // If the columnId is a VEGRef expand it
  // and prove that some of its members
  // reference the VEGPred, if it is a join
  // pred:
  const ItemExpr *colIdIEPtr = columnId.getItemExpr();
  ValueIdSet columnSet;
  if (colIdIEPtr->getOperatorType()
      ==
      ITM_VEG_REFERENCE)
    {
      const VEG *exprVEGPtr =
                        ((VEGReference *)colIdIEPtr)->getVEG();
      columnSet  = exprVEGPtr->getAllValues();
    }
  else
    {
      // it must be a column:
      columnSet.insert(columnId);
    }

  // This loop is only here because of the
  // posibility of the columnId being
  // a VEGReference, in which case
  // we need to test each member of its
  // VEGGroup for being referenced by the
  // predicate:
  for(ValueId colId=columnSet.init();
      columnSet.next(colId);
      columnSet.advance(colId))
    {
      if (predIEPtr->referencesTheGivenValue(colId))
        {
          // exit the loop:
          itDoes = TRUE;
          break;
        }
    } // for every referenced column

  return itDoes;
}


// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
// This method computes an upper bound for the total blocks in
// a table
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
static void
computeBlocksUpperBound(
     CostScalar &totalBlocksUpperBound /* out */
     ,const CostScalar& totalRows
     ,const CostScalar& recordsPerBlock)
{
  totalBlocksUpperBound =
    CostScalar( totalRows / recordsPerBlock).getCeiling();
}

// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
// This method computes how many subsets will be read
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------

static void
computeBeginBlocksLowerBound(
     CostScalar &beginBlocksLowerBound /* out */
     ,const CostScalar& uniqueSuccDataRqsts
     ,const CostScalar& blocksUpperBound)

{
  beginBlocksLowerBound =
    CostScalar(MINOF(uniqueSuccDataRqsts.getCeiling().getValue(),
                     blocksUpperBound.getValue()));
}


// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
// This method computes the blocks to be read
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------

static void
computeTotalBlocksLowerBound(
     CostScalar &totalBlocksLowerBound /* out */
     ,const CostScalar& uniqueSuccDataRqsts
     ,const CostScalar& rowsPerSuccRqst
     ,const CostScalar& recordsPerBlock
     ,const CostScalar& innerBlocksUpperBound
     )
{

  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  // This formula was updated after the code review of Scan costing
  // The 0.5 below (and the
  // getFloor()) are added to compute the ROUND of the expression.
  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------

  totalBlocksLowerBound =
    MINOF( ( uniqueSuccDataRqsts
             +
             (uniqueSuccDataRqsts
              *
              ((rowsPerSuccRqst.getCeiling()-1)/recordsPerBlock)
              +
              CostScalar(0.5)).getFloor() ),
           innerBlocksUpperBound );
}


#ifndef NDEBUG

void
ScanOptimizer::printCostObject(const Cost * costPtr) const
{
  if (costPtr)
  {
//    printf("Cost Vector: ");
//    costPtr->print();

    printf("Elapsed time: ");
    ElapsedTime et =
      costPtr->
      convertToElapsedTime(getContext().
      getReqdPhysicalProperty());
      if (et <= 0.0)
      {
	FSOWARNING("negative or zero elapsed time");
      }
      else
      {
	printf("%f", et.getValue());
      }
  }
  else
  {
    printf("NULL Cost");
  }
  printf("\n");
}

#endif


//-------------------------------------------------------
// Methods for Histograms
//-----------------------------------------------------

// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
// Input:
// const TableDesc& tableDesc: the tableDesc for the base table
//    associated with this Scan
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
Histograms::Histograms(  const ColStatDescList& colStatDescList )
           :colStatDescList_(CmpCommon::statementHeap())
{
  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  // Create a list of Histogram for the
  // columns of tableDesc
  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------

  // The following creates a deep copy of all the ScanHistograms
  // associated with the table:
  colStatDescList_.makeDeepCopy (colStatDescList) ;
} // Histograms(...)

void
Histograms::append(const ColStatDescSharedPtr& colStatDesc)
{
  colStatDescList_.insertDeepCopyAt(entries(), colStatDesc);
}


Histograms::~Histograms()
{
  // Delete every ColStatDescList that was inserted into the histogram list:
  // colStatDescList_ should be responsible for this!
  /*
    for (CollIndex i=0; i <= entries(); i++)
    {
      delete colStatDescList_[i];
    }
    */
}

CostScalar
Histograms::getRowCount() const
{
  DCMPASSERT(getColStatDescList().entries() > 0);
  return getColStatDescList()[0]->getColStats()->getRowcount();
}


const ColStatDescList&
Histograms::getColStatDescList() const
{
  return colStatDescList_;
}


NABoolean
Histograms::containsAtLeastOneFake() const
{
  return colStatDescList_.containsAtLeastOneFake();
} // containsAtLeastOneFake()


NABoolean
Histograms::getColStatDescForColumn(CollIndex index,
				    const ValueId& column) const
{
  return getColStatDescList().getColStatDescIndexForColumn(index,column);
}


const ColStats&
Histograms::getColStatsForColumn(const ValueId& column) const
{
  ColStatsSharedPtr colStatsPtr =
    getColStatDescList().getColStatsPtrForColumn(column);

  // There must be statistics for ALL columns
  // (even though some of them may contain fake histograms)
  DCMPASSERT(colStatsPtr != NULL);

  return *colStatsPtr;

}// getColStatsForColumn(...)

CostScalar Histograms::getUecCountForColumns(const ValueIdSet& key) const
{
  if(key.entries() >1)
    if ( getColStatDescList().getUecList() )
       return getColStatDescList().getUecList()->lookup(key);
    else
       return csZero;
  else
  {
    ValueId vid;
    key.getFirst(vid);
    return getColStatsForColumn(vid).getTotalUec().getCeiling();
  }
}

ColStatsSharedPtr
Histograms::getColStatsPtrForColumn(const ValueId& column) const
{
  // $$$ This was added to cover the case when
  // $$$ no col stat is available. This is true
  // $$$ today sometimes due to prototype code...
  ColStatsSharedPtr colStatsPtr =
    getColStatDescList().getColStatsPtrForColumn(column);

  return colStatsPtr;

}// getColStatsForColumn(...)

void
Histograms::displayHistogramForColumn(const ValueId& column) const
{
  getColStatsForColumn(column).display();

}// getColStatsForColumn(...)

void
Histograms::applyPredicates(const ValueIdSet& predicates, 
                            const RelExpr & scan,
			    const SelectivityHint * selHint, 
			    const CardinalityHint * cardHint,
			    OperatorTypeEnum opType
                            )
{
   CostScalar initialRowCount = getRowCount();
   // No need to apply preds to empty histograms:
   if (initialRowCount.isGreaterThanZero())
     {

       ValueIdSet outerRefs;
       CollIndex numOuterColStats = 0;
       ValueIdSet unresolvedPreds;
        colStatDescList_.estimateCardinality(initialRowCount,
                                            predicates,
                                            outerRefs,
                                            NULL,
                                            selHint,
                                            cardHint,
                                            numOuterColStats,
                                            unresolvedPreds,
                                            INNER_JOIN_MERGE,
                                            opType,
                                            NULL);
     }

     // check to see if the rowcount computed from histogram lies within
     // the range obtained after executing predicates on a sample
     // do that only if no hint provided 
    if ((scan.getOperatorType() == REL_SCAN)  && !cardHint && !selHint)
    {
      NABoolean flag = ((Scan &)scan).checkForCardRange(predicates, initialRowCount);
    }
}// applyPredicates(...)

// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
// The following method is based on method
// RelExpr::synthEstLogPropForUnaryLeafOp (...)
// which is on file OptLogRelExpr.cpp
//
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
void
Histograms::applyPredicatesWhenMultipleProbes(
     const ValueIdSet& predicates
     ,const EstLogProp& inputEstLogProp
     ,const ValueIdSet& inputValues
     ,const NABoolean isMDAM
     ,const SelectivityHint * selHint
     ,const CardinalityHint * cardHint
     ,NABoolean *indexJoin
     ,OperatorTypeEnum opType
      )
{


  CostScalar innerRowCount = getRowCount();

  MergeType mergeMethod = INNER_JOIN_MERGE; // starting assumption

  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
  // First, determine if we seem to be in an index-driven nested join.
  // If so, remove base table column statistics that are
  // provided as outer references from the index table.
  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
  const ColStatDescList &outerColStatsList = inputEstLogProp.getColStats();
  ColStatDescList &innerColStatsList  =  colStatDescList_;

  CollIndex outerRefCount = outerColStatsList.entries();

  NAList<CollIndex> innerIndexColumnsToRemove(CmpCommon::statementHeap());
  NABoolean indexNestedJoin = FALSE;
  if ( NOT isMDAM
       AND
       (indexNestedJoin=
        isAnIndexJoin(inputEstLogProp, &innerIndexColumnsToRemove)) )
    {
      DCMPASSERT(innerIndexColumnsToRemove.entries() > 0);
      for (CollIndex i=0; i < innerIndexColumnsToRemove.entries(); i++)
        {
          innerColStatsList.removeAt(i);
        }
    }
  if (indexJoin != NULL)
    *indexJoin = indexNestedJoin;

  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
  // Second, pre-pend the outer reference column statistics onto the
  // [remaining] child's column statistics.
  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
  CostScalar innerScale;
  if (indexNestedJoin OR inputEstLogProp.getInputForSemiTSJ())
    {
      innerScale =  1.;
    }
  else
    {
      innerScale =  innerRowCount;
    }
  innerColStatsList.prependDeepCopy( outerColStatsList, // source
                                    outerRefCount,     // limit
                                    innerScale );      // scale

  if (entries() > 0)
    innerRowCount = ((*this)[0]).getColStats()->getRowcount();

  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
  // Third, scale the original entries in the child's column stats
  // The actual determination of how this is done is based on knowing
  // whether or not this is an index-driven nested join.....
  // I.e., if it's an index-based NJ, then both RowCount and UEC of
  // the 'base' table are scaled; if it's not index-based, then the
  // scaling depends upon whether or not this scan is the right child
  // of a semi-TSJ.  If not scaling is done as with join cross-products,
  // otherwise the right side isn't scaled.
  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
  CostScalar outerScale = 1;
  if (indexNestedJoin)
    {
      // ColStatDesc's from 0 up to outerRefCount came from outer,
      // so no need to synchronize them (why?)
      for (CollIndex i = outerRefCount;  i < entries(); i++)
        {
          ColStatDescSharedPtr columnStatDesc = innerColStatsList[i];
          ColStatsSharedPtr columnStats = columnStatDesc->getColStatsToModify();
          columnStats->copyAndScaleHistogram ( 1 );

          CostScalar oldCount =
            columnStatDesc->getColStats()->getRowcount();

          if (oldCount != innerRowCount)
            columnStatDesc->synchronizeStats (oldCount, innerRowCount);
        }
    }
  else // not an indexNestedJoin
    {
      if (outerRefCount > 0)
        {
          // Either the method for doing the join, or the scale factor of
          // the remaining columns in the StatDescList, must be updated.
          if ( inputEstLogProp.getInputForSemiTSJ() )
            mergeMethod = SEMI_JOIN_MERGE;
          else
            outerScale = outerColStatsList[0]->getColStats()->getRowcount();
        }

      for (CollIndex i = outerRefCount;  i < entries(); i++)
        {
          ColStatDescSharedPtr columnStatDesc = innerColStatsList[i];
          ColStatsSharedPtr columnStats = columnStatDesc->getColStatsToModify();
          columnStats->copyAndScaleHistogram( outerScale );
        }
    }


  ValueIdSet outerReferences;

  // Get the set of outer references.  If input value is a VEGReference,then
  // include this VEGReference only if the group consists of no constants.
  if (inputValues.entries() > 0)
    inputValues.getOuterReferences (outerReferences);

  ValueIdSet dummySet;
  // Apply the effect of my selection predicates on columnStats,
  // returning the resultant rowcount.
  innerRowCount =
    innerColStatsList.estimateCardinality(innerRowCount,       /*in*/
                                          predicates,/*in*/
                                          outerReferences,   /*in*/
                                          NULL,
                                          selHint,	    /*in*/
                                          cardHint,	    /*in*/
                                          outerRefCount,   /*in/out*/
                                          dummySet,
                                          /*in/out*/
                                          mergeMethod,      /*in*/
                                          opType,
                                          NULL);

} // Histograms::applyPredicatesWhenMultipleProbes(...)

void
Histograms::applyPredicate(const ValueId& predicate, 
                           const RelExpr & scan,
			   const SelectivityHint * selHint,
			   const CardinalityHint * cardHint,
			   OperatorTypeEnum opType
                           )
{
  ValueIdSet vis;
  vis.insert(predicate);
  applyPredicates(vis, scan, selHint, cardHint, opType);
} // applyPredicate(...)

NABoolean
Histograms::isAnIndexJoin(const EstLogProp& inputEstLogProp
                          ,LIST(CollIndex) *innerIndexColumnListPtr) const
{

  // --------------------------------------------------------------------
  // We are in an index join if
  // - We are receiving multiple probes
  // AND
  // -- one of the outer column statistics is the same as one of
  //    the inner statistics
  // --------------------------------------------------------------------

  NABoolean indexNestedJoin = FALSE;
  if ( (inputEstLogProp.getResultCardinality().isGreaterThanZero())
       AND NOT inputEstLogProp.getColStats().isEmpty() )

    {

      const ColStatDescList &outerColStatsList =
       inputEstLogProp.getColStats();

      const ColStatDescList& innerColStatsList = colStatDescList_;
      ColStatDescSharedPtr innerColumnStatDesc;
      for (CollIndex i = 0; i < outerColStatsList.entries(); i++)
        {
          ColStatDescSharedPtr outerStatDesc = outerColStatsList[i];

          for (CollIndex j=0; j < innerColStatsList.entries(); j++)
            {
              innerColumnStatDesc = innerColStatsList[j];

              if (outerStatDesc->getMergeState().contains(
                   innerColumnStatDesc->getMergeState()) )
                {
                  indexNestedJoin = TRUE;
                  if (innerIndexColumnListPtr != NULL)
                    {
                      innerIndexColumnListPtr->insert(i);
                    }
                  else
                    {
                      // All we want is to know whether we are in an index
                      // join, thus break early
                      break;
                    }
                }
            }  // for every inner column

          if ( (innerIndexColumnListPtr != NULL)
              AND
               indexNestedJoin )
            {
              // All we want is to know whether we are in an index join,
              // thus break early
              break;
            }
        } // for every outer column

    } // if we are receiving multiple probes

  return indexNestedJoin;

} // Histograms::isAnIndexJoin() const


void
Histograms::display() const
{
  print();
}// display()

void
Histograms::print (FILE *ofd,
		   const char * prefix,
		   const char * suffix) const
{
#ifndef NDEBUG
     ValueIdList emptySelectList;
     getColStatDescList().print(emptySelectList) ;
#endif
}// print()

//-------------------------------------------------------
// Methods for IndexDescHistograms
//-----------------------------------------------------


// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
// Input:
// const IndexDesc& indexDesc: the indexDesc for the base table
//    associated with this Scan. This index desc is stored through
// a reference, thus it must survive as long this instance is alive
// ("association" relationship)
//
// columnPosition: a one (1) based position of the column. The first
// position is one (1).
// If columnPosition is cero, then an empty IndexDescHistogram is
// created.
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
IndexDescHistograms::IndexDescHistograms(const IndexDesc& indexDesc,
                                         const CollIndex columnPosition):
     indexDesc_(indexDesc)
{

  const ValueIdList &keyColumns = indexDesc.getIndexKey();
  // only add the ColStatDesc's for the index columns UP to
  // the column position: (for SQL/MP secondary indexes,
  // ignore the keytag column, which is the first keyColumn)
  CollIndex localColPosition = columnPosition;
  CollIndex columnIndex = 1;


  for (CollIndex i=columnIndex; i <= localColPosition; i++)
    {
      appendHistogramForColumnPosition(i);
    } // for every key column

} // IndexDescHistograms::IndexDescHistograms(const IndexDesc& indexDesc)

void
IndexDescHistograms::appendHistogramForColumnPosition(
     const CollIndex& columnPosition)
{

  // columnPosition == 0 means an empty colstatdesclist
  if (columnPosition > 0)
    {
      // Get the ColStatDescList for the base table:
      DCMPASSERT(getIndexDesc().getPrimaryTableDesc());

      const ColStatDescList &primaryTableCSDL =
        getIndexDesc().getPrimaryTableDesc()->getTableColStats();
      const ValueIdList &keyColumns = getIndexDesc().getIndexKey();

      DCMPASSERT(columnPosition > 0
                 AND
                 columnPosition <= keyColumns.entries());

      CollIndex j;
      // remember that columnPosition is one based:
      if (primaryTableCSDL.
          getColStatDescIndexForColumn(j, keyColumns[columnPosition-1]))
        {
          // There could be a single colStatDesc for two columns,
          // thus check whether it was already inserted:
	  ValueId column = primaryTableCSDL[j]->getColumn();
          if (NOT contains(column))
            {
              append(primaryTableCSDL[j]);
              setCSDLUecList (primaryTableCSDL.getUecList()) ;
              // synchronize with existing histograms:
              if (entries() > 1)
                {
                  ColStatDesc& lastHistogram =
                    *getColStatDescList()[entries()-1];
                  const ColStatDesc& previousToLastHistogram =
                    *getColStatDescList()[entries()-2];
                  lastHistogram.
                    synchronizeStats(lastHistogram.
                                     getColStats()->getRowcount(),
                                     previousToLastHistogram.
                                     getColStats()->getRowcount());
                }
            }
        }
      else
        {
          // There must be a ColStatDesc for every key column!
          CMPABORT;
        }

      // propagate all base-table multi-col uec info : easiest way
      // to do it, and there's no reason not to point to the complete
      // list
      setCSDLUecList (primaryTableCSDL.getUecList()) ;
    } // columnPosition > 0

} // IndexDescHistograms::appendHistogramForColumnPosition(...)

// returns true if we have multicolumnuec information available,
// otherwise false.
NABoolean IndexDescHistograms::isMultiColUecInfoAvail() const
{
    return getIndexDesc().getPrimaryTableDesc()->
        getTableColStats().getUecList()->containsMCinfo();
}


//-------------------------------------------------------------------
//This function is used to get a better estimate of how many uec's
//that need to be skipped by MDAM for a specific column.
//It can compute this number there is multi column uec information for
//the columns till the column under consideration. Then it needs
//uec/multi-col uec  information of some preceding columns.
//Example : Columns a, b, c, d . We are trying to compute the estimated
//uec for d
//Answer: can be multicolUec for ((a and/or b and/or c) and d)
//  ----------------------------
//      multicolUec for a and/or b and/or c(best we can do is a,b,c)
//
//if the denominator is a,b,c then the numerator must be a,b,c,d
// we must have comparable sets as numerator and denominator
//
//At one time this method actually computed this ratio, but in its
//current incarnation it returns just the UEC of the one MC histogram
//that matches the current key prefix. The caller is expected to
//compute this ratio after two consecutive calls on consecutive 
//columns. (This is the meaning of the strange comment below, 
//"The following code will never be exercised and it's intentional.")
//
//Input: columnOrderList which has the columnIdList for the index/table
//       indexOfcolum in the order list that we have to compute uec info for
//Output: estimateduec for the column and true as return value
//        if there isn't enough information then we return false.
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
NABoolean
IndexDescHistograms::estimateUecUsingMultiColUec(
           const ColumnOrderList& keyPredsByCol,/*in*/
           const CollIndex& indexOfColumn,/*in*/
           CostScalar& estimatedUec/*out*/)
{
   ValueIdList columnList= keyPredsByCol.getColumnList();
#ifndef NDEBUG
        if(getenv("MDAM_MCUEC")){
          fprintf(stdout,"\n\n---columnList before reduction \n\n----");
          columnList.print();
        }

#endif
//remove everything beyond the column under consideration
   for ( CollIndex i = keyPredsByCol.entries()-1; i>indexOfColumn; i--){
        columnList.removeAt(i);
   }

   ValueIdSet columnSet(columnList);
   NAList<CostScalar> uecCount(CmpCommon::statementHeap());

   const MultiColumnUecList * MCUL =
        getIndexDesc().getPrimaryTableDesc()->getTableColStats().getUecList();
#ifndef NDEBUG
        if(getenv("MDAM_MCUEC")){
          fprintf(stdout,"\n\n---columnList for Index[%d]:  \n", indexOfColumn);
          columnList.print();
          fprintf(stdout, "\n\n---List of MCUEC info.----\n\n");
          MCUL->print();
        }
#endif
//get all the valueIdSets that contains the column and columns from the
//columnList only
   LIST(ValueIdSet) * listOfSubsets=
     MCUL->getListOfSubsetsContainsColumns(columnList,uecCount);

   if(listOfSubsets->entries()==0) return FALSE;
#ifndef NDEBUG
        if(getenv("MDAM_MCUEC")){
          fprintf(stdout,"\n\n---Got my value ID list-----\n\n");
          for(CollIndex k=0;k<listOfSubsets->entries();k++){
            fprintf(stdout,"\n\n----Set no.[%d]:----\n\n",k);
            (*listOfSubsets)[k].print();
          }
        }
#endif
//Trying to find the matching denominator for the numerator
   CostScalar uecWithoutColumn=0;
   CollIndex entriesInSubset=0;
   NABoolean perfectDenom = FALSE;
   ValueIdSet vidSet;
   CollIndex indexForUecCount=0;
   ValueId idInBaseCol;
   //corresponding valueId in the base table for this column
   //this is necessary because multicolUec lists are always stored
   //in base table valueIds.
    idInBaseCol=((BaseColumn *)((IndexColumn *)
        (columnList[indexOfColumn].getItemExpr()))
        ->getDefinition().getItemExpr())->getValueId();
   // It is not clear to me how the above formual to compute MCUEC works.
   // But, it's very clear it didn't compute the correct MCUEC for the query.
   // In this case the keyCols were (A,B,C,D) and we wanted MCUEC(A,B). UEC(A) = 250K
   // and UEC(B) = 50Mil, but there existed a single Interval for MC(A,B) with 55Mil UEC. 
   // Instead of returning 55mil UEC, the above formula MC(A,B)/MC(A) returned 221 
   // (55727500/252136 -> 221). The new code below is similar to how we compute MCUEC in the 
   // rest of the compiler code.

   for (CollIndex j=0; j<listOfSubsets->entries();j++)
   {
     vidSet = (*listOfSubsets)[j];
#ifndef NDEBUG
     if(getenv("MDAM_MCUEC"))
     {
       fprintf(stdout, "Now checkout this set\n");
       vidSet.print();
     }
#endif
     if (vidSet.entries() == columnList.entries())
     {
       estimatedUec = MCUL->lookup(vidSet);
#ifndef NDEBUG
     if(getenv("MDAM_MCUEC"))
     {
       fprintf(stdout, "entry size matches\n");
       fprintf(stdout, "MC UEC=%f\n", estimatedUec.value());
     }
#endif
       return TRUE;
     }
   }
   return FALSE;
   // The following code will never be exercised and it's intentional.

   for (CollIndex j=0; j<listOfSubsets->entries();j++)
   {
     vidSet = (*listOfSubsets)[j];
     //remove the column in question then see
     //if we can find a match for the denominator
     //To find the denominator we remove the last column from the
     //vidSet(numerator), this gives us the prefix of the numerator
     //or in other words the denominator.
        vidSet.remove(idInBaseCol);
     //Do we have a matching denominator
        perfectDenom = MCUL->findDenom(vidSet);
#ifndef NDEBUG
  if(getenv("MDAM_MCUEC"))
  {
    fprintf(stdout, "largest subset returned\n\n");
    vidSet.print();
  }
#endif
  //choose the MC uecs with the most entries so for col d , best would
  // be abcd/abc even if you have abd/ab. But if there are two of same
  // entries select the one with higher uec count for the denominator.
        if(perfectDenom AND (vidSet.entries()>entriesInSubset OR
          (vidSet.entries()==entriesInSubset AND
           MCUL->lookup(vidSet) > uecWithoutColumn)))
        {
          perfectDenom = FALSE;
          entriesInSubset=vidSet.entries();
          uecWithoutColumn = MCUL->lookup(vidSet);
          indexForUecCount=j;
          //best possible situation for d
          //we have found a,b,c,d/a,b,c;
          if(entriesInSubset==indexOfColumn) break;
        }
   }
   if(entriesInSubset>0)
   {
      estimatedUec=uecCount[indexForUecCount]/uecWithoutColumn;
      return TRUE;
   }

   return FALSE;
}

// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
// Use this function on a ScanHistograms instance to find the
// number of probes that fail to match with the scan's rows.
//
// IMPORTANT: It is assummed that this ScanHistograms are the
//  result of the cross product of the outer table's ScanHistograms
//  with that of the inner table's ScanHistograms and that
//  appropiate key predicates have been applied.
//
// INPUT:
//   outerHistograms the ScanHistograms for the probes
//   keyPreds: the key predicates associated with the scan
// RETURN:
//    A CostScalar >= 0 that denotes the number of probes that failed
//    to match any data for the inner scan under a nested join.
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------

CostScalar
IndexDescHistograms::computeFailedProbes(const Histograms& outerHistograms
				    ,const ValueIdSet& keyPreds
				    ,const ValueIdSet& inputValues
				    ,const ValueIdSet& operatorValues
				    ) const

{

  CostScalar
      maxFailedProbes = csZero;

  // match histograms for corresponding columns
  // in joined histograms to find out the number
  // of probes that match from each, then find
  // the max:
  ColStatsSharedPtr outerColStats;
  ColStatsSharedPtr joinedColStats;
  CostScalar
    currentFailedProbes = 0;
  for (ValueId keyPred = keyPreds.init();
       keyPreds.next(keyPred);
       keyPreds.advance(keyPred))
    {

       if ( keyPred.getItemExpr()->
            isANestedJoinPredicate(inputValues,
                                   operatorValues) )
         {
           // Find out if current predicate is a joined predicate,
           // which it is when the predicate refers to a column in
           // the outer statistics.
           outerColStats =
             outerHistograms.getColStatsPtrForPredicate(keyPred);
           if (outerColStats !=NULL)
             {
               // It is a joined predicate!
               // find the joined hist. for the predicate:
               joinedColStats =
                 this->getColStatsPtrForPredicate(keyPred);
               DCMPASSERT(joinedColStats != NULL);
               // find the failed probes for these histograms:
               currentFailedProbes =
                 outerColStats->countFailedProbes(joinedColStats);
             }
           else
             {
               // should never be here:
#ifndef _DEBUG
               FSOWARNING("outerColStats is NULL");
#endif
               currentFailedProbes = csZero;
             }
           if (currentFailedProbes > maxFailedProbes)
             {
               maxFailedProbes = currentFailedProbes;
             }
         }  // only if it is a join pred

    }// for all predicates

  // maxFailedProbes contain the failed probes for that
  // predicate with the most failed probes, and this is
  // what we need:

  //if (maxFailedProbes < 0)
  //  {
  //    FSOWARNING("maxFailedPorbes < 0");
  //    maxFailedProbes =0.;
  //  }
  maxFailedProbes.minCsZero();

  return maxFailedProbes;

} // IndexDescHistograms::computeFailedProbes(...)


//-------------------------------------------------------
// Methods for ScanOptimizer:
//-----------------------------------------------------

ScanOptimizer::ScanOptimizer(const FileScan& associatedFileScan
                             ,const CostScalar& resultSetCardinality
                             ,const Context& myContext
                             ,const ValueIdSet& externalInputs) :
  probes_(0)
  ,uniqueProbes_(0)
  ,successfulProbes_(0)
  ,duplicateSuccProbes_(0)
  ,fileScan_(associatedFileScan)
  ,resultSetCardinality_(resultSetCardinality)
  ,context_(myContext)
  ,externalInputs_(externalInputs)
  ,numberOfBlocksToReadPerAccess_(-1)
  ,estRowsAccessed_(0)
  ,inOrderProbes_(FALSE)
  ,probesForceSynchronousAccess_(FALSE)
  ,tuplesProcessed_(0)
{
}

ScanOptimizer::~ScanOptimizer()
{
};

// Determine if the SimpleFileScanOptimizer can be used for the given
// scan with the given context.
// Return : TRUE - Use the SimpleFileScanOptimizer
//          FALSE - Don't use the SimpleFileScanOptimizer
//
NABoolean
ScanOptimizer::useSimpleFileScanOptimizer(const FileScan& associatedFileScan
                                          ,const Context& myContext
                                          ,const ValueIdSet &externalInputs)
{
#ifndef NDEBUG
  if (CmpCommon::getDefault(MDAM_TRACING) == DF_ON )
    MdamTrace::setLevel(MTL2);
    //MdamTrace::setLevel(MDAM_TRACE_LEVEL_ALL);
#endif

  //
  NADefaults &defs = ActiveSchemaDB()->getDefaults();
  ULng32 fsoToUse = defs.getAsULong(FSO_TO_USE);

  // fsoToUse -
  // IF 0 - Use original "Complex" File Scan Optimizer. (Default)
  // IF 1 - Use logic below to determine FSO to use.
  // IF 2 - Use logic below to determine FSO to use, but also use new
  //        executor predicate costing.
  // IF >2 - Always use new "Simple" File Scan Optimizer.

  // Is the complex FSO forced;
  //
  if(fsoToUse == 0)
  {
    return FALSE;
  }

  // Is the simple FSO forced;
  //
  if(fsoToUse > 2)
  {
    return TRUE;
  }

  // Milestone 3
  //
  //- Simple single-subset scans
  //- with or without predicates
  //- With or without partKeyPreds for logical SubPartitioning.
  //- MDAM will not be considered
  //

  //- with or without predicates
  //
  ValueIdSet vs;
  ValueIdSet exePreds(associatedFileScan.getSelectionPred());

  if((CmpCommon::getDefault(RANGESPEC_TRANSFORMATION) == DF_ON ) &&
     exePreds.entries())
  {	  
    ItemExpr *inputItemExprTree = exePreds.rebuildExprTree(ITM_AND,FALSE,FALSE);
    ItemExpr* resultOld = revertBackToOldTree(CmpCommon::statementHeap(), 
					      inputItemExprTree);
    exePreds.clear();
    resultOld->convertToValueIdSet(exePreds, NULL, ITM_AND, FALSE);
    doNotReplaceAnItemExpressionForLikePredicates(resultOld,exePreds,resultOld);
  }

  const Disjuncts *curDisjuncts = &(associatedFileScan.getDisjuncts());

  //-  With or without partKeyPreds for logical SubPartitioning.
  //
  const LogPhysPartitioningFunction *logPhysPartFunc =
    myContext.getPlan()->getPhysicalProperty()->getPartitioningFunction()->
    castToLogPhysPartitioningFunction();

  ValueIdSet partKeyPreds;

  if ( logPhysPartFunc != NULL )
  {
    LogPhysPartitioningFunction::logPartType
      logPartType = logPhysPartFunc->getLogPartType();

    if (logPartType == LogPhysPartitioningFunction::LOGICAL_SUBPARTITIONING ||
        logPartType == LogPhysPartitioningFunction::HORIZONTAL_PARTITION_SLICING)
    {

      partKeyPreds = logPhysPartFunc->getPartitioningKeyPredicates();

      exePreds += partKeyPreds;

      curDisjuncts = new HEAP MaterialDisjuncts(exePreds);
    }
  }

  // check if MDAM can be considered

  switch(getMdamStatus(associatedFileScan, myContext))
  {
    case ScanForceWildCard::MDAM_OFF:
      // If MDAM is forced OFF, don't bother checking executor preds for
      // possibility of MDAM, just use the simple file scan optimizer.
      //
      return TRUE;

    case ScanForceWildCard::MDAM_FORCED:
      // If MDAM is forced ON, must consider MDAM so don't use simple
      // file scan optimizer.
      //
      return FALSE;

    default:
      // If MDAM is enabled (not forced on or off), continue on to
      // examine the selection preds to see if MDAM should be
      // considered.
      break;
  }

  ValueIdSet nonKeyColumnSet;
  const IndexDesc *indexDesc = associatedFileScan.getIndexDesc();
  indexDesc->getNonKeyColumnSet(nonKeyColumnSet);

  const ValueIdList indexKey = indexDesc->getIndexKey();
  IndexDescHistograms histograms(*indexDesc,indexKey.entries());

  // HBASE work. Remove after stats for Hbase is done!!!
  NABoolean isHbaseTable = indexDesc->getPrimaryTableDesc()->getNATable()->isHbaseTable();
  if (! isHbaseTable && histograms.containsAtLeastOneFake())
  {
    MDAM_DEBUG0(MTL2, "Fake histogram found, MDAM NOT considered.");
    MDAM_DEBUGX(MTL2, histograms.display());
    return TRUE;
  }
  else
  {
    const Disjuncts &disjuncts = associatedFileScan.getDisjuncts();
    if (disjuncts.entries() > MDAM_MAX_NUM_DISJUNCTS)
    {
      // There are too many disjuncts. MDAM cannot be considered
      return TRUE;
    }
    else
    {
      // Since there is an index join, we cannot consider MDAM
      if(histograms.isAnIndexJoin(*(myContext.getInputLogProp())) )
	return TRUE;
    }
  }


  //- Simple single-subset scans
  //

  if (exePreds.entries() > 0)
  {
    SearchKey searchKey(indexDesc->getIndexKey()
                       ,indexDesc->getOrderOfKeyValues()
                       ,externalInputs
                       ,(NOT associatedFileScan.getReverseScan())
                       ,exePreds
                       ,*curDisjuncts
                       ,nonKeyColumnSet
                       ,indexDesc
                       );

    if (CmpCommon::getDefault(MDAM_FSO_SIMPLE_RULE) == DF_ON)
      {
        // Quickly-computed special cases

        if (searchKey.isUnique())
          return TRUE;   // unique access, don't need to consider MDAM

        if (exePreds.entries() == 0)  // if searchKey consumed all executor preds
          return TRUE;   // then MDAM can't do better; don't consider

        if (searchKey.getKeyPredicates().entries() == 0)
          return FALSE;  // single subset is a full table scan, so try MDAM

        // General case: If the search key prefix consumes all of
        // the executor predicates, then we don't need to consider MDAM.
        // But if there are predicates on key columns that SearchKey
        // did not pick, then MDAM may have opportunities for reduced
        // access, and so should be considered.

        ValueIdSet baseColumns;
        for (ValueId p = exePreds.init(); exePreds.next(p); exePreds.advance(p))
          {
            p.getItemExpr()->findAll(ITM_BASECOLUMN,baseColumns,TRUE,TRUE);
          }

        const ValueIdList & keyColumns = indexDesc->getIndexKey();
        ValueId baseVid;
        for (CollIndex i=0; i < keyColumns.entries(); i++ ) 
          {
            if (keyColumns[i].getItemExpr()->getOperatorType() == ITM_INDEXCOLUMN)
              baseVid = ((IndexColumn*)(keyColumns[i].getItemExpr()))->getDefinition();
            else
              baseVid = keyColumns[i];

            if (baseColumns.contains(baseVid))
              return FALSE;  // key column occurs in exePreds; so consider MDAM
          }

        return TRUE;  // SearchKey already handles all key preds; don't consider MDAM 
      }

    // The (old) code below is executed only if CQD MDAM_FSO_SIMPLE_RULE is 'OFF'
    if ((! searchKey.isUnique()) &&
	(searchKey.getKeyPredicates().entries() > 0))
    {
      ColumnOrderList keyPredsByCol(indexDesc->getIndexKey());
      searchKey.getKeyPredicatesByColumn(keyPredsByCol);

      CollIndex singleSubsetPrefixColumn;
      NABoolean itIsSingleSubset =
       keyPredsByCol.getSingleSubsetOrder(singleSubsetPrefixColumn);

      ValueIdSet singleSubsetPreds;

      for (CollIndex pred = 0; pred <= singleSubsetPrefixColumn; pred++)
      {
	const ValueIdSet *preds = keyPredsByCol[pred];
	if(preds)
	{
	  singleSubsetPreds += *preds;
	}
      }

      // Not a simple single subset. Could not use any key preds for a
      // single subset, must check if MDAM might be better
      //

      if (singleSubsetPreds.isEmpty())
      {
	return FALSE;
      }

      // If not all the keys are covered by the key preds and there
      // are multiple disjuncts, must consider MDAM.
      //

      if (CmpCommon::getDefault(RANGESPEC_TRANSFORMATION) == DF_ON )
      {
	if ((singleSubsetPrefixColumn+1 < keyPredsByCol.entries()) &&
	    (curDisjuncts->entries() >= 1) && curDisjuncts->containsAndorOrPredsInRanges())
	{
	  return FALSE;
	}
      }
      else
      {
	if ((singleSubsetPrefixColumn+1 < keyPredsByCol.entries()) &&
	    (curDisjuncts->entries() > 1))
	{
	  return FALSE;
	}
      }
    }

    // If there are executor preds that could not be used as key predicates
    // and there are multiple disjuncts..

    if (CmpCommon::getDefault(RANGESPEC_TRANSFORMATION) == DF_ON )
    {
      if ((searchKey.getKeyPredicates().entries() == 0) &&
	  (curDisjuncts->entries() >= 1) && curDisjuncts->containsAndorOrPredsInRanges())
      {
	return FALSE;
      }
    }
    else
    {
      if ((searchKey.getKeyPredicates().entries() == 0) &&
	  (curDisjuncts->entries() > 1))
      {
	return FALSE;
      }
    }
  }
  // Use SimpleFileScanOptimizer
  //
  return TRUE;
}

NABoolean ScanOptimizer::canStillConsiderMDAM(const ValueIdSet partKeyPreds,
					 const ValueIdSet nonKeyColumnSet,
					 const Disjuncts &curDisjuncts,
					 const IndexDesc * indexDesc,
					 const ValueIdSet externalInputs)
{

  NABoolean canDoMdam = TRUE;
  const ValueIdList indexKey = indexDesc->getIndexKey();

  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  // Check whether MDAM can be considered for this node:
  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------

  if (NOT indexDesc->getNAFileSet()->isKeySequenced())
  {
    // -----------------------------------------------------------
    //  Don't consider MDAM for relative and entry-sequence files:
    // -----------------------------------------------------------

    canDoMdam = FALSE;
    MDAM_DEBUG0(MTL2, "File is not key sequenced, MDAM NOT considered.");

  }
  else
  {
    // -----------------------------------------------------------
    // Don't consider MDAM when one of the disjunct does
    // not contain key predicates:
    // -----------------------------------------------------------

    // If at least one of the disjunts in the mdam key does not contain
    // key predicates then using MDAM results in a full table
    // scan, thus don't bother to consider it in this case:
    CollIndex i = 0;
    MdamKey mdamKey(indexKey
		,externalInputs
		,curDisjuncts
		,nonKeyColumnSet
		,indexDesc
		);
    for (i=0; i < mdamKey.getKeyDisjunctEntries(); i++)
    {
      ColumnOrderList keyPredsByCol(indexKey);
      mdamKey.getKeyPredicatesByColumn(keyPredsByCol,i);
      ValueIdSet preds;
      keyPredsByCol.getAllPredicates(preds);
      if (preds.isEmpty())
	{
	// This disjunct does not have key preds,
	// don't consider MDAM
	canDoMdam = FALSE;
	MDAM_DEBUG1(MTL2,
            "disjunct[%d] has no key predicate, MDAM NOT considered", i);
	break;
	}
    }
  }
  return canDoMdam;
}

ScanOptimizer *
ScanOptimizer::getScanOptimizer(const FileScan& associatedFileScan
                                ,const CostScalar& resultSetCardinality
                                ,const Context& myContext
                                ,const ValueIdSet &externalInputs
                                ,CollHeap* heap)
{

#ifndef NDEBUG
  NADefaults &defs = ActiveSchemaDB()->getDefaults();
  if(defs.getAsULong(FSO_RUN_TESTS) > 0) {

    // Run all Scan Optimizer Tests before constructing one
    //
    ScanOptimizerAllTests(associatedFileScan
                          ,resultSetCardinality
                          ,myContext
                          ,externalInputs
                          ,heap);
  }
#endif

  if (useSimpleFileScanOptimizer(associatedFileScan,
				 myContext,
				 externalInputs)) 
  {

    return new(heap) SimpleFileScanOptimizer(associatedFileScan,
                                             resultSetCardinality,
                                             myContext,
                                             externalInputs);
  } 
  else 
  {

    return new(heap) FileScanOptimizer(associatedFileScan,
                                       resultSetCardinality,
                                       myContext,
                                       externalInputs);
  }
}

// Checks for overflow before setting the numberOfBlocksToReadPerAccess_.
// If overflow, set to INT_MAX
//
void
ScanOptimizer::setNumberOfBlocksToReadPerAccess(const CostScalar& blocks)
{
  //overflow occuring while casting it to long
  //the below is a check to avoid the overflow
  //CR 10-010815-4585
  const double val = blocks.getValue();

  if(val < double(INT_MAX)) {
    Lng32 lval = Lng32(val);
    DCMPASSERT(lval > -1);
    numberOfBlocksToReadPerAccess_ = lval;
  }
  else
    numberOfBlocksToReadPerAccess_ = INT_MAX;
}

CollIndex ScanOptimizer::getNumActivePartitions() const
{
  // This is a patch to fix plan cgange in TPCC Q7 during Neo_Compiler 
  // integration. Since we try to use estimated number of AP in costing
  // we need to be consistent and use it everywhere in costing. Hopefully
  // it won't break anything to define correcttly the number of PAs.
  // All active partition usage need a separate project to clean it up.

  if ( CmpCommon::getDefault(COMP_BOOL_32) == DF_OFF )
  {
     return getEstNumActivePartitionsAtRuntime();
  }

  PartitioningFunction *pf =
    getContext().getPlan()->getPhysicalProperty()->getPartitioningFunction();

  DCMPASSERT(pf != NULL);

  // All this casting away is because mutable is not supported, thuse NodeMap has
  // non-mutable cached members....
  CollIndex actParts = ((NodeMap *)(pf->getNodeMap()))->getNumActivePartitions();

  return actParts;

}

CollIndex ScanOptimizer::getEstNumActivePartitionsAtRuntime() const
{
  PartitioningFunction *pf =
    getContext().getPlan()->getPhysicalProperty()->getPartitioningFunction();

  DCMPASSERT(pf != NULL);

  CollIndex actParts = ((NodeMap *)(pf->getNodeMap()))->getNumActivePartitions();

  //Check if the partitioning function is of type LOGPHYS_PARTITIONING_FUNCTION.
  //If we have this node then we are sure that this partitioning function will
  //have both logical and physical partitioning function.
  if(pf->isALogPhysPartitioningFunction())
  {

    PartitioningFunction *phyPartFunc = NULL;
    phyPartFunc = ((LogPhysPartitioningFunction *)pf)->getPhysPartitioningFunction();

    if(phyPartFunc != NULL )
    {
      //We use the estimated active partitions only for range and hash
      //partitioning functions.
      if ((phyPartFunc->isARangePartitioningFunction())
	OR
	  (phyPartFunc->isATableHashPartitioningFunction()))
	{
         actParts = ((NodeMap *)(pf->getNodeMap()))->getEstNumActivePartitionsAtRuntime();
	}
    }
  }

  if ( actParts > 1 ) 
     actParts = MINOF(actParts, getFileScan().getComputedNumOfActivePartiions());

  return actParts;
}

// look at physical partition function of indexDesc to determine active partitions(AP)
// for salted table. Adjust AP count if partitionkey predicate is a constant
CollIndex ScanOptimizer::getEstNumActivePartitionsAtRuntimeForHbaseRegions() const
{
  CollIndex actParts;
  PartitioningFunction *pf =
    getContext().getPlan()->getPhysicalProperty()->getPartitioningFunction();

  DCMPASSERT(pf != NULL);

    // get estimated active partition count
  CollIndex estActParts = ((NodeMap *)(pf->getNodeMap()))->getEstNumActivePartitionsAtRuntime();

  // if partition key predicate is constant, then estimated active partition count will
  // be set to one by computeDP2CostDataThatDependsOnSPP() method. 
  // Use this value for costing REL_HBASE_ACCESS operator
  if (estActParts == 1 AND (CmpCommon::getDefault(NCM_HBASE_COSTING) == DF_ON))
    return estActParts;
  
  // return the #region servers via the partition function describing the physical Hbase table
  PartitioningFunction * physicalPartFunc = getIndexDesc()->getPartitioningFunction();
  if (physicalPartFunc == NULL) // single region
   actParts =  1;
  else // multi-region case
    actParts =  ((NodeMap *)(physicalPartFunc->getNodeMap()))->getNumActivePartitions();

  // if partition key predicate is constant, then estimated active partition count will 
  // be one, use that value
  if (estActParts == 1 AND (CmpCommon::getDefault(NCM_HBASE_COSTING) == DF_ON))
    actParts = estActParts;

  if ( actParts > 1 ) 
     actParts = MINOF(actParts, getFileScan().getComputedNumOfActivePartiions());

  return actParts;
}

CollIndex ScanOptimizer::getNumActiveDP2Volumes() const
{
  PartitioningFunction *pf =
    getContext().getPlan()->getPhysicalProperty()->getPartitioningFunction();;

  DCMPASSERT(pf != NULL);

  // All this casting away is because mutable is not supported, thuse NodeMap has
  // non-mutable cached members....
  CollIndex actVols = ((NodeMap *)(pf->getNodeMap()))->getNumActiveDP2Volumes();

  // Assume at least one active volume even if node map indicates otherwise.
  return MIN_ONE(actVols);

}

// Static method, used by useSimpleFileScanOptimizer()
// Determine whether MDAM is Forced ON, Forced OFF, or ENABLED.
//
// MDAM can be forced ON by:
//    CONTROL QUERY SHAPE
//    CONTROL TABLE
//    INLINING
//
// MDAM can be forced OFF by:
//    CONTROL QUERY DEFAULT MDAM_SCAN_METHOD 'OFF'
//    CONTROL QUERY SHAPE
//    CONTROL TABLE
//    MDAM Flag (from index elimination project)
//    Too many disjuncts
//
ScanForceWildCard::scanOptionEnum
ScanOptimizer::getMdamStatus(const FileScan& fileScan
                             ,const Context& myContext)
{

  // Soln:10-050620-8905
  // Executor does not support MDAM for streams due to some limitations in executor and DP2,
  // hence MDAM is disabled for streams.
  
	if( fileScan.getGroupAttr()->isStream() )
		return ScanForceWildCard::MDAM_OFF;

  // Soln:10-050620-8905


  //----------------------------------------------------
  // First we check that MDAM is not disabled globaly by
  // set define MDAM OFF
  //----------------------------------------------------

#ifndef NDEBUG
  // quick force for MDAM for QA:
  char *cstrMDAMStatus = getenv("MDAM");
  if ((cstrMDAMStatus != NULL) &&
      ( strcmp(cstrMDAMStatus,"OFF")==0 ))
    {
      return ScanForceWildCard::MDAM_OFF;
    }
  else if ((cstrMDAMStatus != NULL) &&
           ( strcmp(cstrMDAMStatus,"ON")==0 ))
    {
      return ScanForceWildCard::MDAM_FORCED;
    }
#endif

  // First check of MDAM is forced on by a CONTROL QUERY SHAPE,
  // CONTROL TABLE

  // Now, Check if MDAM is Forced (which is done via Control Query Shape)
  // The forcing information is passed through the context.
  //
  const ReqdPhysicalProperty* propertyPtr = myContext.getReqdPhysicalProperty();
  if ( propertyPtr
       && propertyPtr->getMustMatch()
       && (propertyPtr->getMustMatch()->getOperatorType()
	   == REL_FORCE_ANY_SCAN))
    {
      ScanForceWildCard* scanForcePtr =
        (ScanForceWildCard*)propertyPtr->getMustMatch();
      if (scanForcePtr->getMdamStatus() == ScanForceWildCard::MDAM_FORCED)
        return ScanForceWildCard::MDAM_FORCED;
    }

  // Is Mdam Forced ON by a CONTROL TABLE statement for this table.
  //
  const NAString * val =
    ActiveControlDB()->getControlTableValue(
      fileScan.getIndexDesc()->getNAFileSet()->getExtFileSetName(), "MDAM");
  if ((val) && (*val == "ON")) {
    return ScanForceWildCard::MDAM_FORCED;
  }

  // During inlining the binder may force mdam on a table.
  //
  if (fileScan.getInliningInfo().isMdamForcedByInlining())
  {
    return ScanForceWildCard::MDAM_FORCED;
  }

  // Check if the CQD forces MDAM OFF.
  //
  if (CmpCommon::getDefault(MDAM_SCAN_METHOD) == DF_OFF)
    return ScanForceWildCard::MDAM_OFF;

  // Now, Check if MDAM is Forced OFF (which is done via Control Query
  // Shape) The forcing information is passed through the context.
  //
  if ( propertyPtr
       && propertyPtr->getMustMatch()
       && (propertyPtr->getMustMatch()->getOperatorType()
	   == REL_FORCE_ANY_SCAN))
    {
      ScanForceWildCard* scanForcePtr =
        (ScanForceWildCard*)propertyPtr->getMustMatch();
      if (scanForcePtr->getMdamStatus() == ScanForceWildCard::MDAM_OFF)
        return ScanForceWildCard::MDAM_OFF;
    }

  // Is Mdam Forced OFF by a CONTROL TABLE statement for this table.
  //
  val =
    ActiveControlDB()->getControlTableValue(
      fileScan.getIndexDesc()->getNAFileSet()->getExtFileSetName(), "MDAM");
  if ((val) && (*val == "OFF")) {
    return ScanForceWildCard::MDAM_OFF;
  }

  // If the number of disjuncts exceeds the maximum, MDAM is forced OFF
  //
  if(fileScan.getDisjuncts().entries() > MDAM_MAX_NUM_DISJUNCTS) {
    return ScanForceWildCard::MDAM_OFF;
  }

  // If MDAM is not forced ON or OFF, then it will be determined by
  // the system.
  //
  return ScanForceWildCard::MDAM_SYSTEM;
}

// Static version of isMdamForced(), used by useSimpleFileScanOptimizer()
//
NABoolean
ScanOptimizer::isMdamForced(const FileScan& fileScan
                            ,const Context& myContext)
{

  // Soln:10-050620-8905
  // Executor does not support MDAM for streams due to some limitations in executor and DP2,
  // hence MDAM is disabled for streams.
  
	if( fileScan.getGroupAttr()->isStream() )
		return FALSE;

  // Soln:10-050620-8905

  //----------------------------------------------------
  // First we check that MDAM is not disabled globaly by
  // set define MDAM OFF
  //----------------------------------------------------

#ifndef NDEBUG
  // quick force for MDAM for QA:
  char *cstrMDAMStatus = getenv("MDAM");
  if ((cstrMDAMStatus != NULL) &&
      ( strcmp(cstrMDAMStatus,"OFF")==0 ))
    {
      return FALSE;
    }
  else if ((cstrMDAMStatus != NULL) &&
           ( strcmp(cstrMDAMStatus,"ON")==0 ))
    {
      return TRUE;
    }
#endif

  //---------------------------------------------------------------
  // Now, Check if MDAM is Forced (which is done via Control Query Shape)
  // The forcing information is passed through the context.
  //---------------------------------------------------------------

  const ReqdPhysicalProperty* propertyPtr = myContext.getReqdPhysicalProperty();
  if ( propertyPtr
       && propertyPtr->getMustMatch()
       && (propertyPtr->getMustMatch()->getOperatorType()
	   == REL_FORCE_ANY_SCAN))
    {
      ScanForceWildCard* scanForcePtr =
        (ScanForceWildCard*)propertyPtr->getMustMatch();
      if (scanForcePtr->getMdamStatus() == ScanForceWildCard::MDAM_FORCED)
        return TRUE;
      //else return FALSE;
    }
  //else
    //return FALSE;
  const NAString * val =
	   //ct-bug-10-030102-3803 -Begin
    ActiveControlDB()->getControlTableValue(
	 fileScan.getIndexDesc()->getPrimaryTableDesc()
         ->getCorrNameObj().getUgivenName(), "MDAM");
	   //ct-bug-10-030102-3803 -End
  if ((val) && (*val == "ON"))
    return TRUE;

  // During inlining the binder may force mdam on a table.
  if (fileScan.getInliningInfo().isMdamForcedByInlining())
  {
    return TRUE;
  }

  return FALSE;
}


NABoolean
ScanOptimizer::isMdamEnabled() const
{
  // give support to MDAM defines:
  // MDAM is enabled by default
  // MDAM ON: enable MDAM
  // MDAM OFF: disable MDAM

  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  // Mdam is enabled by default. Its only disabled globaly by
  // setting the default MDAM_SCAN_METHOD to "OFF"
  // You can re-enable it by
  // setting the MDAM_SCAN_METHOD to "ON"
  // Note that this code assumes MDAM is ON by default and
  // thus will enable MDAM if anything other than "OFF" is set
  // in the default MDAM_SCAN_METHOD
  // $$$ A warning should be printed if MDAM_SCAN_METHOD is
  // $$$ set to something other than "OFF" or "ON"
  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  NABoolean mdamIsEnabled = TRUE;

   // Soln:10-050620-8905
  // Executor does not support MDAM for streams due to some limitations in executor and DP2,
  // hence MDAM is disabled for streams.
  
   if( getRelExpr().getGroupAttr()->isStream() )
	   mdamIsEnabled = FALSE;

  // Soln:10-050620-8905

  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  // Check the status of the enabled/disabled flag in
  // the defaults:
  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  if (CmpCommon::getDefault(MDAM_SCAN_METHOD) == DF_OFF)
    mdamIsEnabled = FALSE;

  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  // Mdam can also be disabled for a particular scan via Control
  // Query Shape. The information is passed by the context.
  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  if (mdamIsEnabled)
    {

      const ReqdPhysicalProperty* propertyPtr =
        getContext().getReqdPhysicalProperty();
      if ( propertyPtr
           && propertyPtr->getMustMatch()
           && (propertyPtr->getMustMatch()->getOperatorType()
               == REL_FORCE_ANY_SCAN))
        {
          ScanForceWildCard* scanForcePtr =
            (ScanForceWildCard*)propertyPtr->getMustMatch();
          if (scanForcePtr->getMdamStatus() == ScanForceWildCard::MDAM_OFF)
            mdamIsEnabled = FALSE;
        }
    }

  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  // Mdam can also be disabled for a particular table via a Control
  // Table command.
  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  if (mdamIsEnabled)
    {
      const NAString * val =
	   //ct-bug-10-030102-3803 -Begin
	ActiveControlDB()->getControlTableValue(
	  getIndexDesc()->getPrimaryTableDesc()
          ->getCorrNameObj().getUgivenName(), "MDAM");
	   //ct-bug-10-030102-3803 -End
      if ((val) && (*val == "OFF")) // CT in effect
	{
	  mdamIsEnabled = FALSE;
	}
    }

  const IndexDesc* idesc = getIndexDesc();

  NABoolean isHbaseNativeTable = 
    idesc->getPrimaryTableDesc()->getNATable()->isHbaseCellTable() ||
    idesc->getPrimaryTableDesc()->getNATable()->isHbaseRowTable();
  if (isHbaseNativeTable)
    mdamIsEnabled = FALSE;

  // If the table to be optimized is the base table and has divisioning
  // columns defined on it, no more check is necessary.
  if ( idesc == idesc->getPrimaryTableDesc()->getClusteringIndex() ) {

    const ValueIdSet divisioningColumns =
           idesc->getPrimaryTableDesc()->getDivisioningColumns();

    if ( divisioningColumns.entries() > 0 &&
         (CmpCommon::getDefault(MTD_GENERATE_CC_PREDS) == DF_ON) )
       return mdamIsEnabled;
  }


  if (mdamIsEnabled)
    {
    CostScalar repeatCount = getContext().getPlan()->getPhysicalProperty()->
    getDP2CostThatDependsOnSPP()->getRepeatCountForOperatorsInDP2() ;

    // If # of probes for NJ is <= cqd(MDAM_UNDER_NJ_PROBES_THRESHOLD),
    // we will use MDAM regardless of the setting of CQD MDAM_SCAN_METHOD.
    // When the CQD is 0, MDAM under NJ is not considered.

    Lng32 mdam_under_nj_probes =
         (ActiveSchemaDB()->getDefaults()).getAsLong(
           MDAM_UNDER_NJ_PROBES_THRESHOLD);

    if ( mdam_under_nj_probes > 0 )
    {
       if ( repeatCount <= mdam_under_nj_probes &&
         getContext().getInputLogProp()->getColStats().entries() > 0
       )
      return TRUE;
    }

    // If the input logical property indicates exactly one, then we
    // allow MDAM in spite of NJ.
    NABoolean isInputCardinalityOne = 
      getContext().getInputLogProp()->isCardinalityEqOne();
    if (isInputCardinalityOne)
      return TRUE;

    /*
     Right side Scan of a Nested Join will use MDAM disjuncts if and only if
     MDAM_SCAN_METHOD CQD's value is MAXIMUM.
    */
    if ((repeatCount.isGreaterThanOne()) OR
      (getContext().getInputLogProp()->getColStats().entries() > 0)
          && (CmpCommon::getDefault(MDAM_SCAN_METHOD) != DF_MAXIMUM))
       mdamIsEnabled = FALSE;
   }

  return mdamIsEnabled;
} //  isMdamEnabled()

const CostScalar
ScanOptimizer::getIndexLevelsSeeks() const
{
  //CostScalar indexLevelsSeeks =
  //  CostScalar(getIndexDesc()->getIndexLevels()) - csOne;
  //indexLevelsSeeks =
  //    (indexLevelsSeeks < 0 ? csZero : indexLevelsSeeks);
  //return indexLevelsSeeks;
    if ( getIndexDesc()->getIndexLevels() > 1 )
      return CostScalar( getIndexDesc()->getIndexLevels() - 1);
    else
      return csZero;
}

// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
// INPUT:
// firstRow = the first row cost  per scan
// lastRow = the last row cost per scan
// OUTPUT:
//   The Cost object. This Cost object takes into account the
//    fact that the scan may be reading the data synchronously.
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------

Cost*
ScanOptimizer::computeCostObject(
     const SimpleCostVector& firstRow /* IN */
     ,const SimpleCostVector& lastRow /* IN */
     ) const
{

  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  // This routine computes the Cost object for the physical scan out of the
  // simple cost vectors for the first and last row.
  //
  // The cost vector needs two pieces of information to
  // compute the total cost:
  // countOfCpus
  // planFragmentsPerCPU.
  //--------------------------------------------------------------------------


  // With the new AP code scan costing is always done after synthesis:
  DCMPASSERT(getContext().getPlan()->getPhysicalProperty());

  const CostScalar activePartitions = getNumActivePartitions();

  Lng32 countOfCPUsExecutingDP2s = MINOF((Lng32)activePartitions.getValue(),
    getContext().getPlan()->getPhysicalProperty()->getCurrentCountOfCPUs());
  

  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  // Compute the degree of I/O parallelism:
  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------

  // get the logPhysPartitioningFunction, which we will use
  // to get the number of PAs:
  const LogPhysPartitioningFunction* lppf =
    getContext().getPlan()->getPhysicalProperty()->
   getPartitioningFunction()->castToLogPhysPartitioningFunction();

  Lng32 countOfPAs = 1;
  SimpleCostVector
    tempFirst = firstRow
    ,tempLast = lastRow
    ;

  // get partitions per CPU
  CostScalar  partitionsPerCPU = csOne;


  // Compute the number of PAs and see if synchronous access is
  // occuring. If there is synchronous access, then we need to
  // adjust the cost, since the cost was computed assuming that
  // asynchronous access would occur.
  if (lppf == NULL)  // Unpartitioned, Trafodion, native HBase or hive tables?
    {
      PartitioningFunction* partFunc = getContext().getPlan()
                ->getPhysicalProperty()-> getPartitioningFunction();

      if ( partFunc->castToSinglePartitionPartitioningFunction() )
         countOfPAs = 1;
      else {
         const FileScan& fileScan = getFileScan();

         if ( fileScan.isHbaseTable() || fileScan.isHiveTable() ||
              fileScan.isSeabaseTable())
            countOfPAs = partFunc->getCountOfPartitions();
         else
            DCMPASSERT(FALSE);
      }
    }
  else
    {
      // This is a partitioned table. Figure out
      // how much parallelism is involved and penalize
      // if not fully parallel:

      // Get the number of PAs.
      countOfPAs = lppf->getNumOfClients();

      // If we are under a nested join, and the probes are in a complete
      // ESP process order, and the clustering key and partitioning
      // key are the same, then the probes will force each ESP to
      // access all it's partitions synchronously. So, the level of
      // asynchronous access is limited to the number of ESPs. So, limit
      // the number of PAs by the number of ESPs, i.e. the number of
      // partitions in the logical partitioning function.
      if (getProbesForceSynchronousAccessFlag())
      {
        PartitioningFunction* logPartFunc =
          lppf->getLogPartitioningFunction();
        Lng32 numParts = logPartFunc->getCountOfPartitions();
        countOfPAs = MINOF(numParts,countOfPAs);
      }

      // Limit the number of PAs by the number of active partitions.
      // This won't need to be done here when we start doing it when
      // we synthesize the physical properties. It is not being done
      // there now because the active partitions estimate is inaccurate
      // sometimes and so we cannot rely on it now for setting
      // something that will be relied upon by the executor.
      countOfPAs =
        MINOF((Lng32)activePartitions.getValue(),countOfPAs);

      Lng32 numOfDP2Volumes =
        MIN_ONE( ((NodeMap *)(lppf->getNodeMap()))->getNumActiveDP2Volumes() );
      // Limit the number of PAs by the number of DP2 volumes.
      // This won't need to be done here when we start doing it when
      // we synthesize the physical properties. It is not being done
      // there now because the number of DP2 volumes estimate is inaccurate
      // sometimes and so we cannot rely on it now for setting
      // something that will be relied upon by the executor.
      // Assume at least one DP2 volume even if node map indicates otherwise.
      countOfPAs =
        MINOF(numOfDP2Volumes,countOfPAs);

      // Now compute the number of partitions that will be processed
      // by each stream (PA). If this number is greater than 1, then
      // it means that some streams (PAs) are accessing more than
      // one partition synchronously.
      const CostScalar partsPerPA = activePartitions/countOfPAs;

      if (partsPerPA.isGreaterThanOne())
        {

          // ---------------------------------------------------------------
          // One PA is accessing more than one partition.
          // this means that every PA is doing:
          //   ******SEQUENTIAL ACCESS********
          // (it is accessing partsPerPA partitions sequentially).
          // Thus we need to create a cost vector that
          // adds up the CPU and I/O respectively.
          //
          // We do it here because
          // the number of plan fragments is used by the Cost factor
          // to convert the "per-stream" cost in the simple cost vectors
          // to a "per-cpu" cost. This is done by "overlapped" adding each
          // simple cost vector "plan fragment" times. This is OK for the
          // case of asynchronous acces of partitions. But if we need
          // to access the partitions synchronously, i.e sequentially, then
          // we want to do "full" addition because no overlapping will
          // exists for partitions in the same CPU. We do this below.
          // ----------------------------------------------------------------

          tempLast.setCPUTime(tempLast.getCPUTime() * partsPerPA);
	  tempLast.setIOTime (tempLast.getIOTime() * partsPerPA);

          // The first row costs should NOT be increased, they
          // are already for one row only and they do not show any
          // asynchronous cost savings, so no need to increase them
          // for synchronous access!
          // tempFirst.setCPUCost(tempFirst.getCPUCost() * partsPerPA);
          // tempFirst.setNumKBytes(tempLast.getNumKBytes() * partsPerPA);
          // tempFirst.setNumSeeks(tempLast.getNumSeeks() * partsPerPA);

        }
      else
        {
          // -------------------------------------------------------
          // Else there is one partition per PA, thus it is
          //   ******ASYNCHRONOUS ACCESS********
          // let the cost object do its work,
          // that is, overlapp add the partitionsPerCPU plan fragments
          // to obtain the cost per cpu
          // -------------------------------------------------------
        }


    } // lppf != NULL

  // Compute the number of streams per CPU:
  partitionsPerCPU =
    ((CostScalar)countOfPAs/(CostScalar)countOfCPUsExecutingDP2s).getCeiling();

  // Save the idle time of LR and FR and then reset it
  // after the Cost object has been constructed. Do this
  // because scan uses idle time to store the cost of
  // opening a table and in the case of multiple
  // partitions the Cost constructor modifies  idle time.

  // the idle time for FR and LR is the same, so get it from any of them:
  CostScalar idleTime = tempLast.getIdleTime();

  // IOTime is already per volume and should not be incremented
  CostScalar lrIOTime = tempLast.getIOTime();

  CostScalar frIOTime = tempFirst.getIOTime();

#ifndef NDEBUG
  Lng32 planFragmentsPerCPU = (Lng32)partitionsPerCPU.getValue();

  if ( planFragmentsPerCPU > 1 AND CURRSTMT_OPTGLOBALS->synCheckFlag )
    (*CURRSTMT_OPTGLOBALS->asynchrMonitor).enter();
#endif  //NDEBUG

  tempLast.setIdleTime(0.);
  tempFirst.setIdleTime(0.);
  Cost * costPtr = new HEAP Cost(&tempFirst,
				 &tempLast,
                                 NULL,
				 countOfCPUsExecutingDP2s,
                                 (Lng32)partitionsPerCPU.getValue());

  costPtr->cpfr().setIdleTime(idleTime);
  costPtr->cplr().setIdleTime(idleTime);
  costPtr->totalCost().setIdleTime(idleTime);

  costPtr->cpfr().setIOTime(frIOTime);
  costPtr->cplr().setIOTime(lrIOTime);
  costPtr->totalCost().setIOTime(lrIOTime);

#ifndef NDEBUG
  if ( planFragmentsPerCPU > 1 AND CURRSTMT_OPTGLOBALS->synCheckFlag)
    (*CURRSTMT_OPTGLOBALS->asynchrMonitor).exit();
#endif  //NDEBUG

  DCMPASSERT(costPtr != NULL);

  return costPtr;
} // computeCostObject(...)
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
// Use this routine to find a basic cost object to share.
// INPUT:
//   implicitly uses Context, IndexDesc and scanBasicCosts_ of indexDesc
// OUTPUT
//   sharedCostFound is TRUE if on the basic cost objects can be reused
//   function returns pointer to this object
//   if sharedCostFound is FALSE the function returns the pointer to
//   the new object in the list and its simple cost vectors need to be
//   recomputed
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------

FileScanBasicCost *
ScanOptimizer::shareBasicCost(NABoolean &sharedCostFound)
{
  const Context & currentContext  =  getContext();
  IndexDesc * indexDesc = (IndexDesc *)getIndexDesc();
  FileScanCostList *
    fileScanCostList = (FileScanCostList *)indexDesc->getBasicCostList();
  if ( fileScanCostList == NULL )
  {
    // first call to the function for this index descriptor,
    // create a new FileScanCostList object and save pointer to it
    // in index descriptor attribute.
    fileScanCostList = new (STMTHEAP) FileScanCostList (STMTHEAP);
    DCMPASSERT(fileScanCostList != NULL);
    indexDesc->setBasicCostList(fileScanCostList);
  }

  // go through the list of BasicCost objects trying to find
  // basic cost to reuse
  CollIndex maxc = fileScanCostList->entries();
  for (CollIndex i = 0; i < maxc; i++)
  {
    FileScanBasicCost * existingBasicCostPtr = (*fileScanCostList)[i];
    if ( existingBasicCostPtr->hasSameBasicProperties(currentContext) )
    {
      sharedCostFound = TRUE;
      return existingBasicCostPtr;
    }
  }

  // no basic cost to share, create a new BasicCost object and
  // return its pointer to the calling function. In this case
  // computeCostVector function will work with this new BasicCost
  // object memory when calculating the cost.
  sharedCostFound = FALSE;
  FileScanBasicCost * newBasicCostPtr = new (CmpCommon::statementHeap())
    FileScanBasicCost((const Context *)&currentContext);
  fileScanCostList->insert(newBasicCostPtr);
  return newBasicCostPtr;
}

// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
// Methods for FileScanOptimizer:
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------

FileScanOptimizer::~FileScanOptimizer()
{
};

Cost *
FileScanOptimizer::optimize(SearchKey*& searchKeyPtr   /* out */
			    , MdamKey*& mdamKeyPtr     /* out */
			    )
{
  MDAM_DEBUG0(MTL2, "BEGIN Scan Costing ********************************");
  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  // The best cost is determined amongst these cases:
  // 1.- Single subset
  // 2.- MDAM common
  // 3,- MDAM disjuncts
  //
  // This method computes the cheapest key and returns its cost
  //
  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------


  // This method computes either a MdamKey or a SearchKey,
  // however, the receiving parameters must be NULL:
  DCMPASSERT(searchKeyPtr == NULL);
  DCMPASSERT(mdamKeyPtr == NULL);

  ValueIdSet partKeyPreds;
  NABoolean eliminateExePreds = TRUE;

  LogPhysPartitioningFunction *logPhysPartFunc =
    (LogPhysPartitioningFunction *)  // cast away const
    getContext().getPlan()->getPhysicalProperty()->getPartitioningFunction()->
    castToLogPhysPartitioningFunction();

  if ( logPhysPartFunc != NULL )
  {
    LogPhysPartitioningFunction::logPartType logPartType =
      logPhysPartFunc->getLogPartType();

// Partitioning Key Predicates are only of interest if
// we have LOGICAL_SUBPARTITIONING or HORIZONTAL_PARTITION_SLICING
// LOGICAL_SUBPARTITIONING
//    More than one PA may access a given DP2 partition and a PA may
//    also access more than one DP2 partition. The PA nodes divide
//    the table into exclusive ranges that are defined by the
//    clustering key of the table which is also the partitioning key.
//
// HORIZONTAL_PARTITION_SLICING
//    Similar to LOGICAL_SUBPARTITIONING, except that the clustering
//    key is not the partitioning key of the table.
//  (HORIZONTAL_PARTITION_SLICING is currently not implemented (6/20/2001)
//
//
// If we have partitioning key predicates with one of the types of partitioning
//   mentioned above we will try to use these as access key predicates for
//   single subset or multiple subset.
// Access keys are created from the disjuncts that were created when the
//   rel expr was set up.  This was only done once, since the selection
//   predicates normally do not change.
// Since we want to add partitioning keys to the selection predicates we must
//   materialize new disjuncts that include the partitioning keys.
// We will build the new disjuncts and we will later choose to use the new
//   one or the old one based on whether or not we have partitioning key
//   predicates.

    if (    logPartType == LogPhysPartitioningFunction::LOGICAL_SUBPARTITIONING
	 OR logPartType == LogPhysPartitioningFunction::HORIZONTAL_PARTITION_SLICING
       )
       partKeyPreds = logPhysPartFunc->getPartitioningKeyPredicates();
  }

  Disjuncts * curDisjuncts = NULL; // = (Disjuncts&)getDisjuncts();
  if (NOT partKeyPreds.isEmpty())
    {
     ValueIdSet newPreds = (ValueIdSet)getRelExpr().getSelectionPred();
     newPreds += partKeyPreds;
     curDisjuncts = new HEAP MaterialDisjuncts(newPreds);
     eliminateExePreds = FALSE;
    }

  MDAM_DEBUGX(MTL2, MdamTrace::printFileScanInfo(this, partKeyPreds));


  // The cost of the winning key will be put here:
  Cost *winnerCostPtr = NULL;

  CostScalar winnerCostPtrNumKBytes;

  // To distinguish between MDAMCommon and MDAMDisjuncts methods
  NABoolean mdamTypeIsCommon = FALSE;

  MdamKey *sharedMdamCommonKeyPtr = NULL;
  MdamKey *sharedMdamDisjunctsKeyPtr = NULL;

  IndexDescHistograms histograms(*getIndexDesc()
                                  ,getIndexDesc()->getIndexKey().entries());

  // All histograms must have been created for non-duplicate key columns
  // This DCMPASSERT was used earlier to check for all duplicate entries too
  // but that is incorrect because we do not want to have duplicate entries
  // in the ColStatDescList. Hence modified the DCMPASSERT such that all
  // key columns should have only one entry in the ColStatDescList -
  // as part of the fix for Sol: 10-031105-1054

  ValueIdSet nonDuplicateKeyColumns = getIndexDesc()->getIndexKey();
  DCMPASSERT(histograms.entries() == nonDuplicateKeyColumns.entries());
  NABoolean
   isIndexJoin = histograms.isAnIndexJoin(*(getContext().getInputLogProp()));

#ifndef NDEBUG
 if (isIndexJoin) (*CURRSTMT_OPTGLOBALS->indexJoinMonitor).enter();
#endif

  // nonkeycolumns are needed by SearchKey and mdamkey:
  ValueIdSet nonKeyColumnSet;
  const IndexDesc * indexDesc = getIndexDesc();
  indexDesc->getNonKeyColumnSet(nonKeyColumnSet);

  NABoolean mdamForced = isMdamForced();

  // We have already done the check to see if MDAM can be done or not, while
  // testing to see if we can use simpleFileScanOptimizer. So, there is no need to
  // test it again. The only condition when it would not have been done, would be
  // when we force the compiler to use old FileScan optimizer. Check if MDAM can be
  // performed only in that condition.

  NABoolean canDoMdam = TRUE;
  NADefaults &defs = ActiveSchemaDB()->getDefaults();
  ULng32 fsoToUse = defs.getAsULong(FSO_TO_USE);
  if (fsoToUse == 0)
  {
    // force the compiler to use old FileScan Optimizer
    if (isMdamEnabled() AND NOT mdamForced)
    {
      if ( isIndexJoin || hasTooManyDisjuncts())
      {
	canDoMdam = FALSE;
      }
      else
      {
       if (histograms.containsAtLeastOneFake())
       {
	  // -------------------------------------------------------------
	  // If at least one histogram is fake, then we can't do
	  // MDAM (histograms contains a ColStatDescList with
	  // entries for key columns only)
	  // --------------------------------------------------------------
	  canDoMdam = FALSE;
  	  MDAM_DEBUG0(MTL2, "Fake histogram found, MDAM NOT considered.");
          MDAM_DEBUGX(MTL2, histograms.display());

	}
       else
       {
	 ValueIdSet externalInputs = getExternalInputs();

	 if (NOT partKeyPreds.isEmpty())
	 {
	   canDoMdam = ScanOptimizer::canStillConsiderMDAM(partKeyPreds,
						 nonKeyColumnSet,
						 *curDisjuncts,
						 indexDesc,
						 externalInputs);
	 }
	 else
	 {
	   canDoMdam = ScanOptimizer::canStillConsiderMDAM(partKeyPreds,
						 nonKeyColumnSet,
						 getDisjuncts(),
						 indexDesc,
						 externalInputs);
	 }

       }
      }
    }
  } // fsotouse == 0

  // At this point if canDoMDam is TRUE then we can consider
  // MDAM. However, if we are forcing MDAM we will consider it
  // regardless of the state of canDoMdam.

  ValueIdSet exePred;
  NABoolean mdamIsWinner = FALSE;

  // For the MDAM costing rewrite, we need the subset size as calculated
  // by single subset scan. So we need to cost single subset scan even
  // if MDAM is forced.
  NABoolean singleSubsetMetricsNeeded = 
    (CmpCommon::getDefault(MDAM_COSTING_REWRITE) == DF_ON);

  if (mdamForced   // Force mdam case:
      AND
      NOT singleSubsetMetricsNeeded
      AND
      getIndexDesc()->getNAFileSet()->isKeySequenced())
    { // Mdam is our only choice:

      MDAM_DEBUG0(MTL2, "MDAM only (forced).");

      // Create mdam disjuncts key:
      if (partKeyPreds.isEmpty())
         mdamKeyPtr =  new HEAP
	    MdamKey(getIndexDesc()->getIndexKey()
		,getExternalInputs()
		,getDisjuncts()
                ,nonKeyColumnSet
                ,getIndexDesc()
		);
      else
         mdamKeyPtr =  new HEAP
	    MdamKey(getIndexDesc()->getIndexKey()
		,getExternalInputs()
		,*curDisjuncts
                ,nonKeyColumnSet
                ,getIndexDesc()
		);

      DCMPASSERT(mdamKeyPtr != NULL);
      // Cost the mdam disjuncts:


      winnerCostPtr =
         computeCostForMultipleSubset
         ( mdamKeyPtr
           ,NULL
           ,mdamForced
	   ,winnerCostPtrNumKBytes
           ,eliminateExePreds //TRUE eliminate exePreds if possible
           ,mdamTypeIsCommon  //FALSE, this is Disjuncts case
           ,sharedMdamDisjunctsKeyPtr
         );
      mdamIsWinner = TRUE;

    } // Mdam is forced
  else if ( NOT isMdamEnabled()
            OR
            NOT canDoMdam)
    {
      MDAM_DEBUG0(MTL2, "Single subset only.");

      // Single subset is our only choice
      // (mdam is not enabled OR mdam is enabled but the
      // file is not key sequenced)

      // Generate the search key to be returned, then
      // estimate its cost:
      ValueIdSet selPreds = getRelExpr().getSelectionPred();
      if ((CmpCommon::getDefault(RANGESPEC_TRANSFORMATION) == DF_ON ) &&
	  (selPreds.entries()))
      {
	ItemExpr * inputItemExprTree = selPreds.rebuildExprTree(ITM_AND,FALSE,FALSE);
	ItemExpr * resultOld = revertBackToOldTree(CmpCommon::statementHeap(), inputItemExprTree);
	exePred.clear();
	resultOld->convertToValueIdSet(exePred, NULL, ITM_AND, FALSE);
	doNotReplaceAnItemExpressionForLikePredicates(resultOld,exePred,resultOld);
    }
      else
      {
        exePred = selPreds;
      }
	exePred += partKeyPreds;

      if (partKeyPreds.isEmpty())
         searchKeyPtr =  new(CmpCommon::statementHeap())
	    SearchKey(getIndexDesc()->getIndexKey()
		  ,getIndexDesc()->getOrderOfKeyValues()
		  ,getExternalInputs()
		  ,isForwardScan()
		  ,exePred
                  ,getDisjuncts()
                  ,nonKeyColumnSet
                 ,getIndexDesc()
                  );
      else
         searchKeyPtr =  new(CmpCommon::statementHeap())
	    SearchKey(getIndexDesc()->getIndexKey()
		  ,getIndexDesc()->getOrderOfKeyValues()
		  ,getExternalInputs()
		  ,isForwardScan()
		  ,exePred
                  ,*curDisjuncts
                  ,nonKeyColumnSet
                  ,getIndexDesc()
                  );

      winnerCostPtr = 
	computeCostForSingleSubset
	(
	 *searchKeyPtr
	 ,FALSE /* do not break */
	 ,winnerCostPtrNumKBytes   /* output */
	 );
    } // generate search key

  else
    {
      MDAM_DEBUG0(MTL2, "Compare single subset and MDAMs.");
      //------------------------------------------------
      // MDAM and SearchKey are both
      // enabled do the following:
      //
      // 1.- Compute costs for Mdam and SingleSubset
      // 2.- Compare costs
      // 3.- Create the Key for the winner (only one can win)

      // -----------------------------------------------------------
      // Create the keys:
      // ------------------------------------------------------------

      DCMPASSERT(winnerCostPtr == NULL);

      // Search key:
      ValueIdSet selPreds = getRelExpr().getSelectionPred();
      if((CmpCommon::getDefault(RANGESPEC_TRANSFORMATION) == DF_ON ) &&
	 (selPreds.entries()))
      {
	ItemExpr * inputItemExprTree = selPreds.rebuildExprTree(ITM_AND,FALSE,FALSE);
	ItemExpr * resultOld = revertBackToOldTree(CmpCommon::statementHeap(), inputItemExprTree);
	exePred.clear();
	resultOld->convertToValueIdSet(exePred, NULL, ITM_AND, FALSE);
	doNotReplaceAnItemExpressionForLikePredicates(resultOld,exePred,resultOld);
//	doNotReplaceAnItemExpression(resultOld,exePred,resultOld);

//	exePred.clear();
//	revertBackToOldTreeUsingValueIdSet(selPreds, exePred);
//	ItemExpr* resultOld =  exePred.rebuildExprTree(ITM_AND,FALSE,FALSE);	
//	doNotReplaceAnItemExpressionForLikePredicates(resultOld,exePred,resultOld);

      }
      else
      {
        exePred = getRelExpr().getSelectionPred();
      }

	exePred += partKeyPreds;

      if (partKeyPreds.isEmpty())
         searchKeyPtr =  new(CmpCommon::statementHeap())
	    SearchKey(getIndexDesc()->getIndexKey()
		  ,getIndexDesc()->getOrderOfKeyValues()
		  ,getExternalInputs()
		  ,isForwardScan()
		  ,exePred
                  ,getDisjuncts()
                  ,nonKeyColumnSet
                  ,getIndexDesc()
		  );
      else
         searchKeyPtr =  new(CmpCommon::statementHeap())
	    SearchKey(getIndexDesc()->getIndexKey()
		  ,getIndexDesc()->getOrderOfKeyValues()
		  ,getExternalInputs()
		  ,isForwardScan()
		  ,exePred
                  ,*curDisjuncts
                  ,nonKeyColumnSet
                  ,getIndexDesc()
		  );


      Cost
	*singleSubsetCostPtr = NULL,
	*mdamCommonCostPtr = NULL,
	*mdamDisjunctsCostPtr = NULL;

      CostScalar
	singleSubsetCostPtrNumKBytes,
	mdamCommonCostPtrNumKBytes,
	mdamDisjunctsCostPtrNumKBytes;


      MdamKey
	*mdamCommonKeyPtr = NULL,
	*mdamDisjunctsKeyPtr = NULL;


      // -----------------------------------------------------
      // Keys will compete. The following will take place:
      // 1.- Only one key can win
      // 2.- The winning key will be set to either
      //     searchKeyPtr or mdamKeyPtr
      // 3.- The loser's keys and costs will be deleted
      //     and pointers set to NULL
      // ----------------------------------------------------

      // ------------------------------------------------------------
      // Compute single subset cost:
      // -------------------------------------------------------------
      MDAM_DEBUG0(MTL2, "Compute Single Subset Cost (Cost Bound)");
      winnerCostPtr = singleSubsetCostPtr =
        computeCostForSingleSubset(*searchKeyPtr
                                   ,TRUE /* Break if there is a conflict */
				   ,singleSubsetCostPtrNumKBytes    /* output */
                                  );
      winnerCostPtrNumKBytes = singleSubsetCostPtrNumKBytes;

      MDAM_DEBUGX(MTL2, MdamTrace::printCostObject(this, singleSubsetCostPtr,
	"Single Subset Cost"));

      // ------------------------------------------------------------
      // Compute mdam common cost:
      // -------------------------------------------------------------

      // If there is only a single disjunct, let
      // mdam disjuncts take care of it (it is
      // a little bit cheaper to construct a mdam key
      // for the disjuncts case):
      ValueIdSet commonPreds;
	  // Chose either the new disjuncts w/partitioning keys if we have
	  //   partitoning keys, otherwise use the original
      if ((NOT partKeyPreds.isEmpty()  AND
           curDisjuncts->entries() > 1)  OR
          (getDisjuncts().entries() > 1))
        {

          // Construct common preds:
          ValueIdSet commonPreds;
          if (partKeyPreds.isEmpty())
             commonPreds = getDisjuncts().getCommonPredicates();
          else
             commonPreds = curDisjuncts->getCommonPredicates();
          // Create disjuncts for this set of preds:
          if (NOT commonPreds.isEmpty())
          {
	    MDAM_DEBUG0(MTL2, "Consider Mdam Common Costing");
              Disjuncts *commonDisjunctsPtr = new HEAP
                MaterialDisjuncts(commonPreds);
              DCMPASSERT(commonDisjunctsPtr != NULL);

              mdamCommonKeyPtr =  new HEAP
                MdamKey(getIndexDesc()->getIndexKey()
                        ,getExternalInputs()
                        ,*commonDisjunctsPtr
                        ,nonKeyColumnSet
                        ,getIndexDesc()
                        );

              // Try this case only if there are key preds
              // in the common preds (one example where common
              // has no key pres is A=1 or A=3, where A is
              // a key column):
              ColumnOrderList keyPredsByCol(getIndexDesc()->getIndexKey());
              mdamCommonKeyPtr->getKeyPredicatesByColumn(keyPredsByCol,0);
              ValueIdSet keyPreds;
              keyPredsByCol.getAllPredicates(keyPreds);
              if (NOT keyPreds.isEmpty())
              {
                  DCMPASSERT(mdamCommonKeyPtr != NULL);

                  mdamTypeIsCommon = TRUE;
                  mdamCommonCostPtr =
                    computeCostForMultipleSubset
                    ( mdamCommonKeyPtr
                      ,winnerCostPtr /* bound */
                      ,mdamForced
		      ,mdamCommonCostPtrNumKBytes  /* output */
                      ,FALSE         /* don't eliminate exePreds */
                      ,mdamTypeIsCommon // TRUE this is Common case
                      ,sharedMdamCommonKeyPtr
                    );
	  	  MDAM_DEBUGX(MTL2, MdamTrace::printCostObject(this,
		                                               mdamCommonCostPtr,
							       "MDAM Common Cost"));
              } // there are  key preds in common preds
              else
              {
		MDAM_DEBUG0(MTL2,
                    "Common predicates has no key predicate, MDAM NOT considered");
		MDAM_DEBUGX(MTL2, commonPreds.display());
              } // NO common key preds in common preds

          } // common preds are not empty
	  else{
	    MDAM_DEBUG0(MTL2, "No Common Predicate,\n"
			"MDAM Common Costing NOT considered");
	  }


          // -----------------------------------------------------
          // Either the search key or mdam common key
          // must win. The loser's cost and key will be
          // deleted:
          // ------------------------------------------------------

          if (mdamCommonCostPtr != NULL)
          {
              // search key lost, delete it:
              winnerCostPtr = mdamCommonCostPtr;
              winnerCostPtrNumKBytes = mdamCommonCostPtrNumKBytes;
              mdamKeyPtr = mdamCommonKeyPtr;
              delete searchKeyPtr;
              searchKeyPtr = NULL;
              delete singleSubsetCostPtr;
              singleSubsetCostPtr = NULL;
          }
          else
          {
              // mdam common lost, delete it:
              winnerCostPtr = singleSubsetCostPtr;
              winnerCostPtrNumKBytes = singleSubsetCostPtrNumKBytes;
	      if (mdamCommonKeyPtr != sharedMdamCommonKeyPtr)
                delete mdamCommonKeyPtr;
              mdamCommonKeyPtr = NULL;
          }
      }
      else{
	MDAM_DEBUG0(MTL2, "MDAM Common Costing NOT applies");
      }

      DCMPASSERT( (searchKeyPtr == NULL AND mdamCommonKeyPtr != NULL)
                 OR
                 (searchKeyPtr != NULL AND mdamCommonKeyPtr == NULL) );


      //---------------------------------
      // Compute mdam disjuncts cost
      //---------------------------------

      MDAM_DEBUG0(MTL2, "Consider Mdam Disjuncts Costing");

      if (partKeyPreds.isEmpty())
	  // Chose either the new disjuncts w/partitioning keys if we have
	  //   partitoning keys, otherwise use the original
         mdamDisjunctsKeyPtr =  new HEAP
            MdamKey(getIndexDesc()->getIndexKey()
                ,getExternalInputs()
                ,getDisjuncts()
                ,nonKeyColumnSet
                ,getIndexDesc()
                );
      else
         mdamDisjunctsKeyPtr =  new HEAP
            MdamKey(getIndexDesc()->getIndexKey()
                ,getExternalInputs()
                ,*curDisjuncts
                ,nonKeyColumnSet
                ,getIndexDesc()
                );


      DCMPASSERT(mdamDisjunctsKeyPtr != NULL);

      MDAM_DEBUG0(MTL2, "call computeCostForMultipleSubset()");

      mdamTypeIsCommon = FALSE;
      mdamDisjunctsCostPtr =
        computeCostForMultipleSubset
        ( mdamDisjunctsKeyPtr
          ,winnerCostPtr   /* cost bound */
          ,mdamForced
	  ,mdamDisjunctsCostPtrNumKBytes	  /* output */
          ,eliminateExePreds //TRUE eliminate exePreds if possible
          ,mdamTypeIsCommon  //FALSE this is Disjuntcs case
          ,sharedMdamDisjunctsKeyPtr
        );

      MDAM_DEBUGX(MTL2, MdamTrace::printCostObject(this, mdamDisjunctsCostPtr,
					      "MDAM Disjuncts Cost"));

      if (mdamDisjunctsCostPtr != NULL)
      {
          // mdamDisjuncts won and search key or mdam common lost:
          winnerCostPtr = mdamDisjunctsCostPtr;
          winnerCostPtrNumKBytes = mdamDisjunctsCostPtrNumKBytes;
          mdamKeyPtr = mdamDisjunctsKeyPtr;
          if (searchKeyPtr == NULL)
            {
              // mdam common lost, delete it (because
              // a NULL searchKeyPtr means it was not
              // competing):
              DCMPASSERT(mdamCommonKeyPtr != NULL);
              delete mdamCommonCostPtr;
              mdamCommonCostPtr = NULL;
	      if (mdamCommonKeyPtr != sharedMdamCommonKeyPtr)
                delete mdamCommonKeyPtr;
              mdamCommonKeyPtr = NULL;
            }
          else
            {
              // search key lost, delete it:
              DCMPASSERT(searchKeyPtr != NULL);
              delete searchKeyPtr;
              searchKeyPtr = NULL;
              delete singleSubsetCostPtr;
              singleSubsetCostPtr = NULL;
            }
      }
      else
      {
          // mdam disjuncts lost, delete it:
          // the winner stays the same
          if (mdamDisjunctsKeyPtr != sharedMdamDisjunctsKeyPtr)
            delete mdamDisjunctsKeyPtr;
          mdamDisjunctsKeyPtr = NULL;
      }

      if (searchKeyPtr)
      {
	MDAM_DEBUG0(MTL2, "Winner is Single Subset");
      }
      else if (mdamCommonKeyPtr)
      {
	MDAM_DEBUG0(MTL2, "Winner is Mdam Common");
	mdamIsWinner = TRUE;
      }
      else if (mdamDisjunctsKeyPtr)
      {
	MDAM_DEBUG0(MTL2, "Winner is Mdam Disjuncts");
	mdamIsWinner = TRUE;
      }

  } // single subset vs others

  DCMPASSERT(winnerCostPtr != NULL); // somebody must win

  // one of the keys must be set:
  DCMPASSERT(searchKeyPtr != NULL OR mdamKeyPtr != NULL);
  // but not both:
  DCMPASSERT(NOT(searchKeyPtr != NULL AND mdamKeyPtr != NULL));


  MDAM_DEBUGX(MTL2, MdamTrace::printCostObject(this, winnerCostPtr,
      "Winner Cost"));

  // compute blocks read per access
  computeNumberOfBlocksToReadPerAccess(*winnerCostPtr
                                       ,mdamIsWinner, winnerCostPtrNumKBytes);
#ifndef NDEBUG
if (CURRSTMT_OPTDEFAULTS->optimizerHeuristic2()) {
  if ( isIndexJoin )
    (*CURRSTMT_OPTGLOBALS->indexJoinMonitor).exit();
}
#endif  //NDEBUG

  MDAM_DEBUG0(MTL2, "END   Scan Costing ********************************\n\n");
  return winnerCostPtr;

} // FileScanOptimizer::optimize()

// Pass the join histograms when available
void
FileScanOptimizer::computeNumberOfBlocksToReadPerAccess(
            const Cost& scanCost, NABoolean &isMDAM, CostScalar numKBytes)
{

  // $$ Needs code to check performance goal, for now
  // $$ assume it is last row.

  CostScalar blockSizeInKb = getIndexDesc()->getBlockSizeInKb();


  // KB for index blocks plus data blocks for one partition for all
  // probes:
  CostScalar blocksForAllProbes =
    (numKBytes/blockSizeInKb).getCeiling();

  CostScalar probes = MIN_ONE(scanCost.getCplr().getNumProbes());


  // Substract index blocks to obtain the data blocks:
  CostScalar indexBlocksForAllProbes =
    getIndexDesc()->getEstimatedIndexBlocksLowerBound(probes);

  CostScalar dataBlocksForAllProbes =
    MIN_ONE(blocksForAllProbes - indexBlocksForAllProbes);

  // Estimate blocks per probe:
  CostScalar dataBlocksPerProbe = MIN_ONE(dataBlocksForAllProbes / probes);

  CostScalar dp2CacheSize = getDP2CacheSizeInBlocks(blockSizeInKb);


  // -------------------------------------------------------------
  // Compute the blocks in the inner table:
  // -------------------------------------------------------------
  const CostScalar totalRowsInInnerTable =
    getRawInnerHistograms().getRowCount().getCeiling();

  const CostScalar estimatedRecordsPerBlock =
    getIndexDesc()->getEstimatedRecordsPerBlock();

  CostScalar totalBlocksInFullTableScan;
  computeBlocksUpperBound(
       totalBlocksInFullTableScan /* out */
       ,totalRowsInInnerTable /* in */
       ,estimatedRecordsPerBlock /* in */
       );


  CostScalar blocksToRead;
   if (NOT probes.isGreaterThanOne() AND NOT isMDAM)
    {
      // One probe, non-mdam, is always one access, so
      // the blocks to read are the data blocks hit by the probe.
      blocksToRead = dataBlocksPerProbe;
    }
   // Below we handle the multiple probe case, MDAM and non-MDAM.
   // We put together MDAM with non-MDAM because we see MDAM access
   // as an instance of a "unique access"". This is, we think of
   // MDAM as if all of the blocks read in a single MDAM access were
   // contigous. This assumption results in that the minimum number
   // of blocks to read in the MDAM case will be given by the total
   // blocks read per MDAM access (i.e. per probe). This is a good
   // compromise.
  else if (getInOrderProbesFlag())
    {
      // Multiple probe case (NJ), in-order probes,
      // maybe single probe MDAM or multiple in-order probe MDAM
      // We read all of the blocks that the probes hit if the
      // probes are "near" or just the blocks per probe if the probes
      // are "apart". The reason is that if the probes are near read-ahead
      // will be of benefit because probes that are waiting to be served
      // will hit the cache when there is read ahead

      const CostScalar density =
        CostPrimitives::getBasicCostFactor(COST_PROBE_DENSITY_THRESHOLD);
      DCMPASSERT(density >= 0 AND density <= 1.);

      // The density tells how "apart" are the probes
      // If the ratio of the total blocks that the
      // probes are hitting to the total blocks in
      // the table is greater than the "density" then
      // we say the blocks that the probes are
      // hitting are "close" to each other and thus
      // it is better to read all of the blocks for all
      // of the probes (Note that we are implicitly assuming
      // that every probe hits a different block. This is
      // obviously not the case in general. We could use
      // histograms to decide this)
      if (dataBlocksForAllProbes/totalBlocksInFullTableScan >= density)
        {
          // The probes are "near" each other, read all of the
          // blocks they touch (limit the blocks by the
          // table size):
          blocksToRead = MINOF(totalBlocksInFullTableScan.getValue()
                               ,dataBlocksForAllProbes.getValue());

        }
      else
        {
          // Blocks are apart, thus only read the blocks that
          // a single probe hits:
          blocksToRead = dataBlocksPerProbe;
        }
    } // MP, in-order
  else
    {  // NJ, single subset, random, maybe multiple random probe MDAM

      // Because we are randonmly probing the table
      // the probes cannot benefit by reading ahead, thus
      // no need to do read-ahead (unless the full table fits
      // in the DP2 cache!)
      if (totalBlocksInFullTableScan <= dp2CacheSize)
        {
          blocksToRead = totalBlocksInFullTableScan;
        }
      else
        {
          blocksToRead = dataBlocksPerProbe;
        }
    }


  DCMPASSERT(blocksToRead.isGreaterThanZero());

  //overflow occuring while casting it to long
	//the below is a check to avoid the overflow
	//CR 10-010815-4585
	if(blocksToRead.getValue() < double(INT_MAX))
  setNumberOfBlocksToReadPerAccess(Lng32(blocksToRead.getValue()));
  else
  setNumberOfBlocksToReadPerAccess(INT_MAX);

} // FileScanOptimizer::computeNumberOfBlocksToReadPerAccess(...)


// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
// Use this routine to compute the cost of a given SearchKey
// INPUT:
//  sarchKey: the SearchKey to cost
//  histograms: Raw (i.e. predicates have not been applied)
//              histograms for the scan table
//  breakOnConflict: If TRUE then the Cost* returned will be NULL
//                   to indicate that there is a conflict in
//                   the predicate expression associated with the key,
//                   If FALSE the routine returns the cost of the
//                   SearchKey
//
// OUTPUT:
//  A NON-NULL Cost* indicating the Cost for searchKey if breakOnConflict
//  was not true OR (if breakOnConflict was true and there was
//  a conflict in the predicate expression)
//
//  A NULL Cost* indicating that breakOnConflict was true and there
//    was a conflict in the predicate expression.
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
Cost*
FileScanOptimizer::computeCostForSingleSubset(
     SearchKey& searchKey,
     const NABoolean& weAreConsideringMDAM,
     CostScalar & numKBytes)

{
  if (CmpCommon::getDefault(SIMPLE_COST_MODEL) == DF_ON)
  {
    return  scmComputeCostForSingleSubset();
  }

  MDAM_DEBUG0(MTL2, "BEGIN Single Subset Costing --------");

  // This was added as part of the project
  // to reduce compilation time by reusing simple cost vectors. 09/18/00

  NABoolean sharedCostFound = FALSE;
  FileScanBasicCost *
    fileScanBasicCostPtr = shareBasicCost(sharedCostFound);
  SimpleCostVector &
    firstRow = fileScanBasicCostPtr->getFRBasicCostSingleSubset();
  SimpleCostVector &
    lastRow = fileScanBasicCostPtr->getLRBasicCostSingleSubset();


#ifndef NDEBUG
  (*CURRSTMT_OPTGLOBALS->singleSubsetCostMonitor).enter();
#endif  //NDEBUG

  // $$$ This only works for key sequenced files, remove later
  //  DCMPASSERT(getIndexDesc()->getNAFileSet()->isKeySequenced());
  // $$$ Add special code for entry sequence and relative
  // $$$ sequence files

  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  // Compute SearchKey dependant info:
  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------


  const ValueIdSet &exePreds = searchKey.getExecutorPredicates();

  ColumnOrderList keyPredsByCol(getIndexDesc()->getIndexKey());
  searchKey.getKeyPredicatesByColumn(keyPredsByCol);
  ValueIdSet keyPredicates;
  keyPredsByCol.getAllPredicates(keyPredicates);

  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  // Chech for a conflicting predicate expression and compute the
  // single subset predicates.
  //
  // If there is a conflict and we are considering MDAM, favor mdam
  // by returning a NULL cost for the single subset:
  //
  // The single subset preds are all those key preds up to
  // (but not including) the first missing key column
  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------

  // Compute the column position just before the first missing
  // key column (singleSubsetPrefixColumn, if it is greater than cero,
  // otherwise the code needs to explicitly check for the possibility
  // of not having predicates in the zeroth order):
  CollIndex singleSubsetPrefixColumn;
  NABoolean itIsSingleSubset =
    keyPredsByCol.getSingleSubsetOrder(singleSubsetPrefixColumn);
  DCMPASSERT(itIsSingleSubset);

  // return NULL if conflict, compute single subset preds:
  const ValueIdSet *nonMissingKeyColumnPredsPtr = NULL;
  ValueIdSet singleSubsetPreds;
  const ValueIdSet *partPreds = NULL;
  CollIndex leadingPartPreds = 0;

  for (CollIndex i=0; i <= singleSubsetPrefixColumn; i++)
    {
      if (i == leadingPartPreds)
        {
         partPreds = keyPredsByCol[i];
         if (partPreds AND NOT partPreds->isEmpty())
           {
            ValueId predId;
            BiRelat * predIEptr;
            for(predId=partPreds->init();
                partPreds->next(predId);
                partPreds->advance(predId))
              {
               if (predId.getItemExpr()->getArity() == 2)
                 {
                  predIEptr=(BiRelat *)predId.getItemExpr();
                  if (predIEptr->isaPartKeyPred())
                    {
                     leadingPartPreds += 1;
                     break;
                    }
                 }
              }
           }
         }
      if (keyPredsByCol.getPredicateExpressionPtr(i))
	{
          NABoolean unUsablePred =
                ((keyPredsByCol.getPredicateExpressionPtr(i)->getType() ==
		 KeyColumns::KeyColumn:: CONFLICT)
		OR
		(keyPredsByCol.getPredicateExpressionPtr(i)->getType() ==
		 KeyColumns::KeyColumn::CONFLICT_EQUALS));
	  if (  weAreConsideringMDAM
		AND
		unUsablePred )
	    {
#ifndef NDEBUG
	      (*CURRSTMT_OPTGLOBALS->singleSubsetCostMonitor).exit();
#endif  //NDEBUG
	      MDAM_DEBUG0(MTL2,
                  "Single Subset Cost is NULL, conflicts in predicate.");
	      MDAM_DEBUG0(MTL2, "END   Single Subset Costing --------\n");
              return NULL;
	    }

         nonMissingKeyColumnPredsPtr = keyPredsByCol[i];
         if (unUsablePred)
            {
              ValueIdSet setOfPreds = searchKey.getExecutorPredicates();
              setOfPreds.insert(*nonMissingKeyColumnPredsPtr);
              searchKey.setExecutorPredicates(setOfPreds);
            }

	  if (nonMissingKeyColumnPredsPtr != NULL)
	    {
	      singleSubsetPreds.insert(*nonMissingKeyColumnPredsPtr);
	    }
	}
      else
        {
          // The only case when an order less than or equal
          // to the single subset prefix order is empty is
          // when the order is cero:
          DCMPASSERT(singleSubsetPrefixColumn==0);
          break;
        }

    } // for every key col in the sing. subset prefix

  // If we reach here then singleSubsetPreds have been correctly computed

  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  // Estimate seeks and sequential_kb_read:
  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  CostScalar
    seeks // total number of disk arm movements
    ,seq_kb_read=csZero; // total number of blocks that were read sequentially


  // Do the shared cost return here because of the possibility of resetting
  //  the executor predicates above.

    if ( sharedCostFound AND
       firstRow.getCPUTime() > csZero AND
       lastRow.getCPUTime() > csZero
     )
  {
    if ( CURRSTMT_OPTDEFAULTS->reuseBasicCost() )
    {
      Cost * costPtr = computeCostObject(firstRow, lastRow);
      numKBytes = fileScanBasicCostPtr->getSingleSubsetNumKBytes();
      MDAM_DEBUG0(MTL2, "Reuse Basic Cost");
      MDAM_DEBUG0(MTL2, "END   Single Subset Costing --------\n");
      return costPtr;
    }
    else
    {
      firstRow.reset();
      lastRow.reset();
    }
  }


	CostScalar temp_dataRows=csZero;
  CostScalar * dataRows=&temp_dataRows; // the number of rows that match
  // Are we under a nested join?

  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  //  The probes are the TOTAL probes coming from the scan's parent. But
  //  depending on the key predicates and the partitioning key, the scan
  //  may be actually receiving fewer probes. The probes that the
  //  scan is actually receiving is given by the repeat count.
  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  CostScalar repeatCount = getContext().getPlan()->getPhysicalProperty()->
    getDP2CostThatDependsOnSPP()->getRepeatCountForOperatorsInDP2() ;

  // Costing works estimating the resources of the whole, unpartitioned
  // table, thus get the total probes by multiplying by the active
  // partitions
  CostScalar
    probes = repeatCount * getNumActivePartitions()
    ,successfulProbes = csOne; // all the probes that matched data

  CostScalar finalRows=getResultSetCardinality();

  // Patch for Sol.10-031024-0755 (Case 10-031024-9406). When RI
  // constraints were implemented, corresponding histograms, cardinality
  // and costing were forgotten. As a result nested join into referenced
  // table does not pass histogram information to the right child.
  // If the right child does not have histograms in inputLogProp
  // it considers this join as a cross product. So, for file_scan_unique
  // the number of rows is the product of the number of right child rows
  // and the number of probes. Then the cost of file_scan_unique is greatly
  // overestimated. The patch will set this number by the number of
  // probes which should be OK for RI constraints check.
  // The second part of this patch is in categorizeProbes. The number of
  // rows to cost was 0 in case of empty outputHistograms which is not
  // right if we have a real cross product, I changed it to the product
  // of probes and table cardinality.
  if ( (CmpCommon::getDefault(COMP_BOOL_34) == DF_OFF) AND
        searchKey.isUnique()
     )
     finalRows = probes;

  DCMPASSERT(repeatCount <= probes);

  const CostScalar estimatedRecordsPerBlock =
    getIndexDesc()->getEstimatedRecordsPerBlock();
  const CostScalar blockSizeInKb = getIndexDesc()->getBlockSizeInKb();


  // Is this a Scan on the right-hand side of a Nested Join?
  // Typically, for nested joins, the repeatCount will be greater than
  // one AND the input ColStats will be non-empty.  However, in some
  // cases such as cross-products, the input ColStats are empty.
  // Also, in some cases repeat count is 1, but ColStats is not emtpy.
  // Here we treat this case as a multiprobe.
  //
  if ((repeatCount.isGreaterThanOne()) OR
      (getContext().getInputLogProp()->getColStats().entries() > 0))
    {

// CR 10-010822-4815
// Query 04 in OBI was producing a bad plan as the seeks for Nested Join were
// computed without taking into account if the blocks of inner table are
// consecutive or not. This is fixed by computing the seeks after getting the
// right count of blocks by getting the rows for the key predicates on the leading
// columns with a Value Equality Group referencing a constant.
// "totalPreds" is the set of all predicates of all key columns with a constant
// for all the index values find the keyPredicates, for every predicate check
// if it is a VEG and that VEG has a constant, if so then add the predicate to
// the "totalPreds". Repeat this only for the leading columns, if the column
// doesn't have a constant then stop searching. Apply the "totalPreds" to the
// histograms to get the rowcount, divide the rowcount by recordsperblock to
// get the blocks. If no constant then pass the total blocks for inner table

	ValueIdSet totalPreds;
	CollIndex columnWithAConstExpr = NULL_COLL_INDEX;
	NABoolean hasAtleastOneConstExpr = false;
	CostScalar innerBlocksInSequence; //Blocks to be passed to compute seeks
	const ValueIdSet *keyPreds = NULL;

	for (CollIndex Indx=0; Indx <= singleSubsetPrefixColumn; Indx++)
	{
          keyPreds = keyPredsByCol[Indx];	//column which is part of key
	  NABoolean curFound = FALSE;

	  if (keyPreds AND NOT keyPreds->isEmpty())
          {
	    ValueId predId;

	    for(predId=keyPreds->init(); //Inner for loop for all the
	        keyPreds->next(predId);	 //the predicates of the column
	        keyPreds->advance(predId))
            {
		const ItemExpr *pred = predId.getItemExpr();
		if ( ((VEGPredicate *)pred)->getOperatorType()
			== ITM_VEG_PREDICATE )
		{
 		  const VEG * predVEG = ((VEGPredicate *)pred)->getVEG();
		  const ValueIdSet & VEGGroup = predVEG->getAllValues();

		  if (VEGGroup.referencesAConstExpr())
                  {
		    totalPreds += predId;
		    columnWithAConstExpr = Indx;
		    hasAtleastOneConstExpr = true;
		    curFound = TRUE;
                  }//end of check for A Constant Expression
		  else
		    break;
		}//end of "if" Operator to be VEG predicate

             }//end of inner loop "for(predId=partPreds->init();"

          }//end of "if" predicates to be non empty

	  if (NOT curFound)
	    break;

	}//end of outer loop "for (CollIndex i=0; i <= singleSubsetPre..


      // it seems that we are under a nested join thus...
      CostScalar
          failedProbes = csZero	   // all the probes that fail to matched data
	 ,uniqueSuccProbes = csZero   // all the probes that don't have duplicates
	 ,duplicateSuccProbes =csZero // duplicates among the unique succ. probes
         ,uniqueFailedProbes =csZero; //
 				// unique failed probes to compute seeks

      // -------------------------------------------------------------
      // Compute the blocks in the inner table:
      // -------------------------------------------------------------
      const CostScalar
			totalRowsInInnerTable =
        getRawInnerHistograms().getRowCount().getCeiling();

      CostScalar innerBlocksUpperBound;
      computeBlocksUpperBound(
           innerBlocksUpperBound
           ,totalRowsInInnerTable
           ,estimatedRecordsPerBlock);


      // -------------------------------------------------------------
      // Compute innerHistograms
      // -------------------------------------------------------------

      // first get the histograms for the probes:
      Histograms
          outerHistograms(getContext().getInputLogProp()->getColStats());

      // Then get the histograms for the inner table (this scan):
      IndexDescHistograms innerHistograms(*getIndexDesc(),
                                          singleSubsetPrefixColumn+1);

      // It is better to initialize it to the inner table cardinality than
      // left it as zero. dataRows will be adjusted in categorizeProbes
      // based on outerHistograms information.
      *dataRows = innerHistograms.getRowCount();

      categorizeProbes(successfulProbes /* out */
		       ,uniqueSuccProbes /* out */
		       ,duplicateSuccProbes /* out */
                       ,failedProbes /* out */
		       ,uniqueFailedProbes	 
		       ,probes
		       ,singleSubsetPreds
		       ,outerHistograms
                       ,FALSE // this is not MDAM!
                       ,dataRows
		       );
      CostScalar uniqueProbes =
           uniqueSuccProbes + uniqueFailedProbes; 

      setProbes(probes);
      setSuccessfulProbes(successfulProbes);
      setUniqueProbes(uniqueSuccProbes + uniqueFailedProbes);
      setDuplicateSuccProbes(duplicateSuccProbes);

      // Patch for Sol.10-031024-0755 (Case 10-031024-9406). See above.
      // If the number of probes is relatively small then we want to use
      // file_scan_unique instead of full index scan. Each probe will
      // bring one block to DP2 cache.
      if ( (CmpCommon::getDefault(COMP_BOOL_34) == DF_OFF) AND
            searchKey.isUnique() AND
        outerHistograms.isEmpty()
         )
        *dataRows = probes*estimatedRecordsPerBlock;

      // -----------------------------------------------------------
      // Compute the rows and blks per successful probe:
      // -----------------------------------------------------------
      // $$$ It would be best to get blocks instead of rows...


      CostScalar rowsPerSuccessfulProbe = csZero;
      if (NOT successfulProbes.isLessThanOne())
	{
	  rowsPerSuccessfulProbe = *dataRows/successfulProbes;
	}

      CostScalar blksPerSuccProbe =
          ( rowsPerSuccessfulProbe / estimatedRecordsPerBlock).getCeiling();
      // No successful probe can grab less than one block:
      if (NOT successfulProbes.isLessThanOne())
	{
	  blksPerSuccProbe.minCsOne();
	}


      // --------------------------------------------------------------
      // Check whether the whole answer set fits into cache:
      // --------------------------------------------------------------

      // compute the blocks in the answer set after key predicates
      // were applied (they cannot be more than the total blocks in
      // the raw table):
      // getCeiling() because it is an upper bound...
      const CostScalar totalUniqueSuccProbes =
          uniqueSuccProbes * getNumActivePartitions();
      CostScalar totalBlocksLowerBound; // the blocks in the answer set
      computeTotalBlocksLowerBound(
           totalBlocksLowerBound /* out */
           ,totalUniqueSuccProbes
           ,rowsPerSuccessfulProbe
           ,estimatedRecordsPerBlock
           ,innerBlocksUpperBound /* the total blocks in the inner table */
           );


      CostScalar cacheSizeInBlocks =
	getDP2CacheSizeInBlocks(blockSizeInKb);
      CostScalar indexBlocksLowerBound =
	getIndexDesc()->getEstimatedIndexBlocksLowerBound(probes);

      // The begin blocks denote the starting data
      // block for the subset that each succ. probe generates
      CostScalar beginBlocksLowerBound;
      computeBeginBlocksLowerBound(
           beginBlocksLowerBound /* out */
           ,uniqueSuccProbes
           ,innerBlocksUpperBound);

      // --------------------------------------------------------------------
      // At this point we are looking at the selectivity for
      // *ALL* partitions, thus the test for whether the answer set
      // fits in the cache must account for the cache in all partitions:
      // --------------------------------------------------------------------

      // First determine whether probes order matches the scan's
      // clustering order:
      const InputPhysicalProperty* ippForMe =
        getContext().getInputPhysicalProperty();
      NABoolean partiallyInOrderOK = TRUE;
      NABoolean probesForceSynchronousAccess = FALSE;
      if ((ippForMe != NULL) AND
          ordersMatch(ippForMe,
                      getIndexDesc(),
                      &(getIndexDesc()->getOrderOfKeyValues()),
                      getRelExpr().getGroupAttr()->getCharacteristicInputs(),
                      partiallyInOrderOK,
                      probesForceSynchronousAccess))
      {
        setInOrderProbesFlag(TRUE);
        setProbesForceSynchronousAccessFlag(probesForceSynchronousAccess);
      }
      else if ((ippForMe != NULL) AND
	      (ippForMe->getAssumeSortedForCosting()) AND
              (!(ippForMe->getExplodedOcbJoinForCosting())) AND
              (ippForMe->getNjOuterOrderPartFuncForNonUpdates() == NULL))

      {
         // assumeSortedForCosting_ flag is set for two cases:
         // case 1: when input is rowset.
         // case 2: when left child partFunc njOuterPartFuncForNonUpdates_ 
         //         is passed for NJ plan 0. This is only for cost estimation 
         //         of exchange operator and not scan operator.
         // So we should come here only for case1. 
         // To avoid case2, we check njOuterPartFuncForNonUpdates_ for NULL.
	 setInOrderProbesFlag(TRUE);
      }
      else
      {
        setInOrderProbesFlag(FALSE);
      }

      // Determine amount of DP2 cache is available per concurrent user.
      NADefaults &defs                 = ActiveSchemaDB()->getDefaults();
      const CostScalar concurrentUsers = defs.getAsLong(NUMBER_OF_USERS);
      CostScalar cacheForAllVolumes    =   cacheSizeInBlocks
                                         * getNumActiveDP2Volumes()
                                         / concurrentUsers;

      NABoolean inOrderProbes = getInOrderProbesFlag();
      CostScalar seekComputedWithDp2ReadAhead;
      // See if blocks to be read fit in cache.


      if( hasAtleastOneConstExpr )
      {
	IndexDescHistograms innerHistograms(*getIndexDesc(),
                                        columnWithAConstExpr+1);
	const SelectivityHint * selHint = getIndexDesc()->getPrimaryTableDesc()->getSelectivityHint();
	const CardinalityHint * cardHint = getIndexDesc()->getPrimaryTableDesc()->getCardinalityHint();

	innerHistograms.applyPredicates(totalPreds, getRelExpr(), selHint, cardHint, REL_SCAN);

	//GET ROW count
	const CostScalar totalRowCount = innerHistograms.getRowCount();

	//GET BLOCKS which are in sequence
	innerBlocksInSequence = totalRowCount / estimatedRecordsPerBlock;
      }
      else
	innerBlocksInSequence = innerBlocksUpperBound;

      if (totalBlocksLowerBound <= cacheForAllVolumes)
      {
	  // It fits, FULL cache benefit:
	  computeIOForFullCacheBenefit(seeks /* out */
				       ,seq_kb_read /* out */
				       ,beginBlocksLowerBound
				       ,totalBlocksLowerBound
				       ,indexBlocksLowerBound);
          computeSeekForDp2ReadAheadAndProbeOrder(
              seekComputedWithDp2ReadAhead
              ,finalRows
              ,uniqueProbes
              ,beginBlocksLowerBound
              ,totalBlocksLowerBound
              ,innerBlocksInSequence
              ,cacheForAllVolumes
              ,inOrderProbes);

          seeks = indexBlocksLowerBound +
              seekComputedWithDp2ReadAhead.getCeiling();

      }
      else
      {
	  // the answer set does not fit in its entirety,

	  if (getInOrderProbesFlag())
	    {

	      // probes order and inner order match!

	      // We have three cases:
	      // 1.- inner & outer match no duplicates
	      // 2.- inner & outer match duplicates, data
	      //     each successful duplicate matches fits
	      //     in cache
	      // 3.- inner & outer match duplicates, data
	      //     each successful duplicate matches does not fit
	      //     in cache
	      if ( NOT duplicateSuccProbes.isGreaterThanZero() )
              {
		  // in order, no duplicates
		  // blocks are read once independently of the cache:
		  computeIOForFullCacheBenefit(
                        seeks
		       ,seq_kb_read
		       ,beginBlocksLowerBound
		       ,totalBlocksLowerBound
		       ,indexBlocksLowerBound);
                  computeSeekForDp2ReadAheadAndProbeOrder(
                        seekComputedWithDp2ReadAhead
                       ,finalRows
                       ,uniqueProbes
                       ,beginBlocksLowerBound
                       ,totalBlocksLowerBound
                       ,innerBlocksInSequence
                       ,cacheForAllVolumes
                       ,inOrderProbes);

                  seeks = indexBlocksLowerBound +
                      seekComputedWithDp2ReadAhead.getCeiling();
              }
	      else // in order but duplicates exist
              {
	        // there are some successful duplicates
		if (blksPerSuccProbe <= cacheSizeInBlocks)
		{
		      // in order, duplicates, data for duplicates
		      // fits in cache:

		      // blocks are read once independent of the cache:
		      computeIOForFullCacheBenefit(
                          seeks /* out */
			 ,seq_kb_read /* out */
			 ,beginBlocksLowerBound
			 ,totalBlocksLowerBound
			 ,indexBlocksLowerBound);
                      computeSeekForDp2ReadAheadAndProbeOrder(
                           seekComputedWithDp2ReadAhead
                          ,finalRows
                          ,uniqueProbes
                          ,beginBlocksLowerBound
                          ,totalBlocksLowerBound
                          ,innerBlocksInSequence
                          ,cacheForAllVolumes
                          ,inOrderProbes);

                      seeks = indexBlocksLowerBound +
                          seekComputedWithDp2ReadAhead.getCeiling();
		}
		else // data blocks per duplicate does not fit in cache!
		{
		      // in order, duplicates, data for duplicates
		      // does not fits in cache:

		      // extra blocks will need to be read for
		      // duplicates:
		      const CostScalar
			extraDuplicateProbes = duplicateSuccProbes;
		      const CostScalar extraDuplicateBlocks =
			extraDuplicateProbes * blksPerSuccProbe;

		      const CostScalar
			seqBlocksRead =
 			CostScalar(
			     totalBlocksLowerBound
			     + indexBlocksLowerBound
                             +extraDuplicateBlocks
                             ).
			getCeiling();

		      seq_kb_read = seqBlocksRead * blockSizeInKb;

		      // We assume that the index blocks will be there
		      // for the duplicate to find its data,
		      // thus no need to add the extraDuplicate
		      // probes index blocks seeks.
                      seeks =
			CostScalar(beginBlocksLowerBound
				   + indexBlocksLowerBound).getCeiling();
                      computeSeekForDp2ReadAheadAndProbeOrder(
                          seekComputedWithDp2ReadAhead
                          ,finalRows
                          ,uniqueProbes
                          ,beginBlocksLowerBound
                          ,totalBlocksLowerBound
                          ,innerBlocksInSequence
                          ,cacheForAllVolumes
                          ,inOrderProbes);

                   seeks = indexBlocksLowerBound +
                       seekComputedWithDp2ReadAhead.getCeiling();


		} // if data for duplicates does not fit

              } // if there are duplicates
	    }
	  else // if orders don't match
	    {
	      // orders don't match, RANDOM case:
	      computeIOForRandomCase(seeks
				     ,seq_kb_read
				     ,blksPerSuccProbe
				     ,beginBlocksLowerBound
				     ,totalBlocksLowerBound
				     ,successfulProbes
				     ,failedProbes
				     ,indexBlocksLowerBound);

              computeSeekForDp2ReadAheadAndProbeOrder(
                 seekComputedWithDp2ReadAhead, finalRows, uniqueProbes,
		 beginBlocksLowerBound, totalBlocksLowerBound,
		 innerBlocksInSequence,cacheForAllVolumes,
                 inOrderProbes);

                 seeks = indexBlocksLowerBound +
              seeks = indexBlocksLowerBound + 
                 seekComputedWithDp2ReadAhead.getCeiling();
            }

      } // if answer set does not fit into cache
    } // if probes > 0 and there are stats for probes
  else
    {
      // not a nested join, thus no cache benefit is possible

      // make sure probes are at least one (to satisfy Roll-up formulas):
      successfulProbes = probes = csOne;

      // probes = 1, no cache benefit


      // Apply those key predicates that reference key columns
      // before the first missing key to the histograms:
      IndexDescHistograms innerHistograms(*getIndexDesc(),
                                          singleSubsetPrefixColumn+1);

      innerHistograms.applyPredicates(singleSubsetPreds, getRelExpr(), NULL, NULL, REL_SCAN);

      // Now, compute the number of rows:
      *dataRows = innerHistograms.getRowCount();

      DCMPASSERT(*dataRows >= csZero);

      seeks = seq_kb_read = csZero;
      if (dataRows->isGreaterThanZero())
        {


          // Compute the index blocks touched:
          CostScalar indexBlocks =
            getIndexDesc()->getIndexLevels() - 1;
          //if ( indexBlocks < CostScalar(0.0) )
          //     indexBlocks = CostScalar(0.0);
          indexBlocks.minCsZero();

          // All rows are contiguous (single subset), thus compute
          // the i/o:
          // and all rows are packed together:
          CostScalar blocksRead =
            (*dataRows/estimatedRecordsPerBlock).getCeiling()
            +
            indexBlocks;

          seq_kb_read = blocksRead*blockSizeInKb;


          // The seeks are the one for each index block traversed
          // (except the root) plus one for the data block:
          seeks =
            indexBlocks
            +
            csOne;

          // If we have partitioning key predicates then we will be
          // reading different parts of the partition by different esps.
          // There will be some seeks going from one esp reading to
          // another.  Assume that we will at least read ahead
          // the normal amount (for now reduce possible seeks by 100).
          NADefaults &defs                 = ActiveSchemaDB()->getDefaults();
          const CostScalar maxDp2ReadInBlocks =
               CostScalar(defs.getAsULong(DP2_MAX_READ_PER_ACCESS_IN_KB))/
               blockSizeInKb;

          if (leadingPartPreds > 0 AND blocksRead > maxDp2ReadInBlocks)
          {
             seeks += blocksRead / maxDp2ReadInBlocks / 100;
          }

          // temporary patch for solution 10-041104-1450. To make hash join
          // look more expensive that nested join if right table is not very
          // small we add one seek to the right scan.
          if ( blocksRead > csTwo )
          {
             seeks++;
             blocksRead++;
          }

          DCMPASSERT(seeks <= blocksRead);

      }

    } // if probes == 1.0


  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  // We have computed the transfer cost (seeks, seq_kb_read),
  // now compute the cost vectors:
  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------

  CostScalar seqKBytesPerScan;

  // Ceilings for the final values are taken inside computeCostVectors
#ifndef NDEBUG
  (*CURRSTMT_OPTGLOBALS->singleVectorCostMonitor).enter();
#endif  //NDEBUG
  computeCostVectors(firstRow // out
		     ,lastRow // out
		     ,seqKBytesPerScan //out
		     ,*dataRows
		     ,probes
		     ,successfulProbes
		     ,seeks
		     ,seq_kb_read
		     ,keyPredicates
		     ,exePreds
		     ,probes
		     );
#ifndef NDEBUG
   (*CURRSTMT_OPTGLOBALS->singleVectorCostMonitor).exit();
   (*CURRSTMT_OPTGLOBALS->singleObjectCostMonitor).enter();
   CURRSTMT_OPTGLOBALS->synCheckFlag = TRUE;
#endif  //NDEBUG

  // ---------------------------------------------------------------------
  // Done!, create the cost vector:
  // ---------------------------------------------------------------------

   Cost *costPtr = computeCostObject(firstRow, lastRow);

#ifndef NDEBUG
   CURRSTMT_OPTGLOBALS->synCheckFlag = FALSE;
   (*CURRSTMT_OPTGLOBALS->singleObjectCostMonitor).exit();
   (*CURRSTMT_OPTGLOBALS->singleSubsetCostMonitor).exit();
#endif  //NDEBUG

   numKBytes = seqKBytesPerScan;

   fileScanBasicCostPtr->setSingleSubsetNumKBytes(numKBytes);

   MDAM_DEBUG0(MTL2, "END   Single Subset Costing --------\n");
   return costPtr;

}// computeCostForSingleSubset(...)

#ifndef NDEBUG
void
FileScanOptimizer::runMdamTests
   ( const MdamKey* mdamKeyPtr,
     const Cost * costBoundPtr,
     NABoolean mdamForced,
     ValueIdSet exePreds,
     NABoolean checkExePreds,
     NABoolean mdamTypeIsCommon
   )
{
  enum MdamTraceLevel origLevel = MdamTrace::level();
  MdamTrace::setLevel(MTL1);
  MDAM_DEBUG1(MTL1, "Consider MDAM for Query:\n%s\n",
	      CmpCommon::statement()->userSqlText());


  NABoolean reUseBasicCost = CURRSTMT_OPTDEFAULTS->reuseBasicCost();
  CURRSTMT_OPTDEFAULTS->setReuseBasicCost(FALSE);

  CostScalar numKBytesOld;
  MdamKey *sharedMdamKeyPtrOld = NULL;
  MdamKey *mdamKeyPtrOld =
    new HEAP MdamKey(mdamKeyPtr->getKeyColumns(),
		     mdamKeyPtr->getOperatorInputs(),
		     mdamKeyPtr->getDisjuncts(),
		     mdamKeyPtr->getNonKeyColumnSet(),
		     mdamKeyPtr->getIndexDesc());

  SET_MDAM_TRACE_HEADER("[Old Mdam Costing] ");
  DECLARE_MDAM_MONITOR(oldMdamMon);
  ENTER_MDAM_MONITOR(oldMdamMon);
  Cost *costOld = oldComputeCostForMultipleSubset(mdamKeyPtrOld,
  					   costBoundPtr,
					   mdamForced,
					   numKBytesOld,
					   checkExePreds,
					   mdamTypeIsCommon,
					   sharedMdamKeyPtrOld);
  EXIT_MDAM_MONITOR(oldMdamMon);
  PRINT_MDAM_MONITOR(oldMdamMon, "Old MDAM Costing Time: ");

  CostScalar numKBytesNew;
  MdamKey *sharedMdamKeyPtrNew = NULL;
  MdamKey *mdamKeyPtrNew =
    new HEAP MdamKey(mdamKeyPtr->getKeyColumns(),
		     mdamKeyPtr->getOperatorInputs(),
		     mdamKeyPtr->getDisjuncts(),
		     mdamKeyPtr->getNonKeyColumnSet(),
		     mdamKeyPtr->getIndexDesc());

  SET_MDAM_TRACE_HEADER("[New Mdam Costing] ");
  DECLARE_MDAM_MONITOR(newMdamMon);
  ENTER_MDAM_MONITOR(newMdamMon);
  Cost *costNew = newComputeCostForMultipleSubset(mdamKeyPtrNew,
				           costBoundPtr,
					   mdamForced,
					   numKBytesNew,
					   exePreds,
					   checkExePreds,
					   mdamTypeIsCommon,
					   sharedMdamKeyPtrNew);
  EXIT_MDAM_MONITOR(newMdamMon);
  PRINT_MDAM_MONITOR(newMdamMon, "New MDAM Costing Time: ");

  SET_MDAM_TRACE_HEADER(NULL);

  if(costOld && costNew)
  {
    COMPARE_RESULT result = costOld->compareCosts(*costNew);
    if(result != SAME)
    {
      MDAM_DEBUG0(MTL1, "Different MDAM Cost Results");
      MDAM_DEBUGX(MTL1, MdamTrace::printCostObject(this, costOld, "Old Cost"));
      MDAM_DEBUGX(MTL1, MdamTrace::printCostObject(this, costNew, "New Cost"));
    }
    else {
      MDAM_DEBUG0(MTL1, "Same MDAM Cost Results");
      MDAM_DEBUGX(MTL1,
		  MdamTrace::printCostObject(this, costOld, "Old/New Cost"));
    }
  }
  else if((costOld && !costNew) || (!costOld && costNew))
  {
      MDAM_DEBUG0(MTL1, "Different MDAM Cost Results");
      MDAM_DEBUGX(MTL1, MdamTrace::printCostObject(this, costOld, "Old Cost"));
      MDAM_DEBUGX(MTL1, MdamTrace::printCostObject(this, costNew, "New Cost"));
  }

  if(numKBytesNew != numKBytesOld){
      MDAM_DEBUG0(MTL1, "Different MDAM numKBytes value");
      MDAM_DEBUG1(MTL1, "Old Value is %f", numKBytesOld.getValue());
      MDAM_DEBUG1(MTL1, "New Value is %f", numKBytesNew.getValue());
  }

  CURRSTMT_OPTDEFAULTS->setReuseBasicCost(reUseBasicCost);
  MdamTrace::setLevel(origLevel);
}
#endif


// The following method is now dead code and will soon be replaced functionally.
// This method attempts to decide whether MDAM should be used on a table that
// lack statistics. It does so by analyzing the key predicates, considering
// the upper bounds on UECs implied by them and the number of ranges they
// define.
//
// The calling method, FileScanOptimizer::computeCostForMultipleSubset, forces
// MDAM when this method returns TRUE. There is one problem though: The costing
// logic is bypassed so there is no computation of what stop columns to use.
// So, we use the default settings which are to traverse *EVERY* key column.
// This can be very bad from a performance perspective.
//
// Apart from this design flaw, there are some other specific bugs in this
// method and the methods it calls. I'm documenting them here in case someone
// after me feels they need to use this code after all. (Note that JIRA
// TRAFODION-2645 intends to ultimately replace this code.) Good luck! Here's
// the (probably not exhaustive) list:
//
// 1. Int32 totalUec should be an Int64, because that's what 
// RangeSpec::getTotalDistinctValues returns. (The implied cast of Int64 down
// to Int32 essentially does a mod 2^32 operation, resulting in a garbage value.)
//
// 2. Similarly, ARRAY(Int32) uecsByKeyColumns should be ARRAY(Int64).
//
// 3. In the Subrange object (qmscommon/Range.h), the "end" member is uninitialized
// for predicates of the form A < 10. So you get a random value back from
// RangeSpec::getTotalDistinctValues. Similarly, the "start" member is
// uninitialized for predicates of the form A > 10.
//
// 4. Fixing the uninitialized member problem above is tricky. The value to use
// for "start" and "end" depends on the data type of the key column it is 
// compared to. Because of VEG effects, this can vary. For example, if we have
// predicates of the form A < 10 AND A = B, and A happens to be an INTEGER
// while B happens to be a SMALLINT UNSIGNED, the "end" member value used should
// be -2^32 for A, but 0 for B. So, the NAType of the key column needs to be
// passed in to RangeSpec::getTotalDistinctValues.
//
// 5. Subrange::getStartScalarValElem and Subrange::getEndScalarValElem need
// to return NULL if startIsMin_ or endIsMax_ are set respectively. (These
// are the cases where "start" and "end" are uninitialized. And as mentioned
// in point 4, they can't be initialized until we pick the key column out of
// any VEG.)
//
// 6. SubrangeBase::getTotalDistinctValues needs to treat a NULL return from
// Subrange::getStartScalarValElem or Subrange::getEndScalarValElem as a 
// minimum or maximum value respectively by the data type of the key column.
// SubrangeBase::getExactNumericMinMax can be used to obtain those values.
//
// It is not obvious to me why these issues were not noticed sooner. In my
// case I found them when investigating a non-deterministic failure in test
// compGeneral/TEST006, where an index access query was (sometimes!) flipping
// over to MDAM. This was unmasked by the change I made in JIRA TRAFODION-2765;
// formerly *another* set of heuristcs prevented us from reaching this code.
// However, that is no guarantee that this code was never reached before.


NABoolean FileScanOptimizer::isMDAMFeasibleForHBase(const IndexDesc* idesc, ValueIdSet& preds)
{
   Lng32 threshold = (Lng32)(ActiveSchemaDB()->getDefaults()).
                              getAsLong(MDAM_NO_STATS_POSITIONS_THRESHOLD);

   if ( preds.isEmpty() || threshold == 0 )
     return FALSE;

   const ColStatDescList& csdl = 
          idesc->getPrimaryTableDesc()->getTableColStats();

   // If any key column has real stats, then go with the normal mdamp code path
   for (CollIndex k=0; k<idesc->getIndexKey().entries(); k++) {

      ColStatsSharedPtr colStat = 
           csdl.getColStatsPtrForColumn((idesc->getIndexKey()[k]));

      if ( colStat && colStat->isFakeHistogram() == FALSE )
         return FALSE;
   }


   ARRAY(Int32) uecsByKeyColumns(HEAP);
   ARRAY(Int32) rangesByKeyColumns(HEAP);
 
   NABoolean possiblyUseMdam = FALSE;

   for (ValueId e=preds.init(); preds.next(e); preds.advance(e)) 
   {
      if (e.getItemExpr()->getOperatorType() == ITM_RANGE_SPEC_FUNC)
      {
        RangeSpecRef*     rangeIE  = (RangeSpecRef *) e.getItemExpr();
        OptNormRangeSpec* destObj  = rangeIE->getRangeObject();
        ItemExpr*         rangeCol = destObj->getRangeExpr();

        // check whether this RangeSpecRef is on one of the key columns
        for (CollIndex k=0; k<idesc->getIndexKey().entries(); k++)
          if (rangeCol->containsTheGivenValue(idesc->getIndexKey()[k]))
            {
               possiblyUseMdam = TRUE;
               Int32 totalUec = destObj->getTotalDistinctValues(HEAP);

               if ( totalUec == -1 ) {
                  return FALSE; // can not determine #distinct values covered
               }

               // compute and store #uecs
               if ( !uecsByKeyColumns.used(k) || totalUec > uecsByKeyColumns[k] ) 
                  uecsByKeyColumns.insert(k, totalUec);

               // compute and store #ranges
               Int32 ranges = destObj->getTotalRanges();

               if ( !rangesByKeyColumns.used(k) || ranges > rangesByKeyColumns[k] ) 
                  rangesByKeyColumns.insert(k, ranges);

               break;
           }
      }
   }


   if ( possiblyUseMdam && uecsByKeyColumns.used(0) && uecsByKeyColumns[0] > 0 ) {

      // find the last key column with range spec.
      CollIndex last;
      for (last=rangesByKeyColumns.entries()-1; last>=0; last--) {
         if ( rangesByKeyColumns.used(last) )
           break;
      }

      Int32 numMDAMColumns = 1;
      for (CollIndex j=0; j<last; j++) {
         if ( uecsByKeyColumns.used(j) )
           numMDAMColumns *= uecsByKeyColumns[j];
         else
           return FALSE;
      }

      numMDAMColumns *= rangesByKeyColumns[last];

      return ( numMDAMColumns <= threshold );
   }

   return FALSE;
}

Cost*
FileScanOptimizer::computeCostForMultipleSubset
   ( MdamKey* mdamKeyPtr,
     const Cost * costBoundPtr,
     NABoolean mdamForced,
     CostScalar & numKBytes,
     NABoolean checkExePreds,
     NABoolean mdamTypeIsCommon,
     MdamKey *&sharedMdamKeyPtr
   )
{

  ValueIdSet exePreds;
  ValueIdSet selPreds = getRelExpr().getSelectionPred();

  /*
     Commenting this code out pending a rewrite of the MDAM costing code.

     What the code below tries to do is if the table has no statistics,
     it looks at the predicates of any RangeSpec and tries to determine
     if they imply an MDAM plan of just a few positionings. And if so,
     the code returns a zero Cost object, which in effect forces the
     caller to use MDAM.

     What is wrong-headed about this approach is that the MdamKey object
     passed in is set to use all key column predicates as MDAM predicates
     and has the stop columns set to their maximums. That is, by returning
     here we have bypassed the costing logic that figures out the optimal
     stop column setting. This can result in *TREMENDOUSLY* inefficient 
     plans.
  
     Fixing this requires essentially rewriting the costing code. And since
     I am already doing that elsewhere using a different approach (see
     JIRA TRAFODION-2645), there is no point in doing it yet another time
     here.

     However if someone comes along after me and insists on fixing this
     particular code, I've documented some additional issues in the method
     FileScanOptimizer::isMDAMFeasibleForHBase.

     The effect of commenting this code out is that tables without statistics
     will tend to get single subset plans. This is probably OK for the moment
     as most such tables are small. Often they are metadata tables.        
    
  const IndexDesc *indexDesc = getFileScan().getIndexDesc();
  NABoolean isHbaseTable = indexDesc->getPrimaryTableDesc()->getNATable()->isHbaseTable();
  if ( isHbaseTable && isMDAMFeasibleForHBase(indexDesc, selPreds) ) {
     return new (HEAP) Cost();
  }
  */

  if ((CmpCommon::getDefault(RANGESPEC_TRANSFORMATION) == DF_ON ) &&
      (selPreds.entries()))
  {
    ItemExpr *inputItemExprTree = selPreds.rebuildExprTree(ITM_AND,FALSE,FALSE);
    ItemExpr* resultOld = revertBackToOldTree(CmpCommon::statementHeap(), 
					      inputItemExprTree);
    resultOld->convertToValueIdSet(exePreds, NULL, ITM_AND, FALSE);
    doNotReplaceAnItemExpressionForLikePredicates(resultOld,exePreds,resultOld);

    //revertBackToOldTreeUsingValueIdSet(selPreds, exePreds);		
    //ItemExpr* resultOld =  exePreds.rebuildExprTree(ITM_AND,FALSE,FALSE);
    //doNotReplaceAnItemExpressionForLikePredicates(resultOld,exePreds,resultOld);
  }
  else
  {
    exePreds = selPreds;
  }
  // need to change this exePreds= exePreds - disjunct predicates.
  Disjunct disjunct;
  if ( CmpCommon::getDefault(RANGESPEC_TRANSFORMATION) == DF_ON )
  {
    for (CollIndex i=0; i < mdamKeyPtr->getDisjuncts().entries(); i++)
    {
      mdamKeyPtr->getDisjuncts().get(disjunct,i);
      ValueIdSet vdset = disjunct.getAsValueIdSet();
      ValueIdSet temp;
      for (ValueId predId = vdset.init();
	   vdset.next(predId);
	   vdset.advance(predId) )
      {
	if (predId.getItemExpr()->getOperatorType() == ITM_RANGE_SPEC_FUNC)
	{
	  if (predId.getItemExpr()->child(1)->castToItemExpr()->getOperatorType() == ITM_AND)
	  {
	    predId.getItemExpr()->child(1)->convertToValueIdSet(temp, NULL, ITM_AND, FALSE);
	    exePreds -= temp;
	  }
	  else
	    exePreds -= predId.getItemExpr()->child(1)->castToItemExpr()->getValueId();
      // New method use: exePreds -= predId.getItemExpr()->child(1)->castToItemExpr()->getValueId();
	}
	else
	  exePreds -= predId;
      }// for (1)
    }// for(2)
  }// if

  if (CmpCommon::getDefault(SIMPLE_COST_MODEL) == DF_ON)
  {
    if (CmpCommon::getDefault(MDAM_COSTING_REWRITE) == DF_ON)
      return scmRewrittenComputeCostForMultipleSubset(mdamKeyPtr,
				           costBoundPtr,
					   mdamForced,
					   numKBytes,
					   exePreds,
					   checkExePreds,
					   sharedMdamKeyPtr);
    else
      return scmComputeCostForMultipleSubset(mdamKeyPtr,
				           costBoundPtr,
					   mdamForced,
					   numKBytes,
					   exePreds,
					   checkExePreds,
					   mdamTypeIsCommon,
					   sharedMdamKeyPtr);
  }

#ifndef NDEBUG
  if(getenv("MDAM_TEST"))
  {
    runMdamTests(mdamKeyPtr,
                 costBoundPtr,
                 mdamForced,
		 exePreds,
                 checkExePreds,
                 mdamTypeIsCommon);
  }
#endif

  if(CURRSTMT_OPTDEFAULTS->useNewMdam())
  {
    return newComputeCostForMultipleSubset(mdamKeyPtr,
				           costBoundPtr,
					   mdamForced,
					   numKBytes,
					   exePreds,
					   checkExePreds,
					   mdamTypeIsCommon,
					   sharedMdamKeyPtr);
  }
  else
  {
    return oldComputeCostForMultipleSubset(mdamKeyPtr,
  					   costBoundPtr,
					   mdamForced,
					   numKBytes,
					   checkExePreds,
					   mdamTypeIsCommon,
					   sharedMdamKeyPtr);
  }

}

// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
// Use this routine to compute the cost of a given MdamKey
// INPUT:
//  mdamKeyiPtr: pointer to the MdamKey to cost
//  costBoundPtr: A cost bound. If the cost of this MdamKey ever
//                exceeds this cost bound, then return NULL
//  mdamForced:
//  checkExePred:
//  mdamTypeIsCommon: TRUE if called to cost MDAMCommon,
//                    FALSE if called to cost MDAMDisjuncts
//     the value of mdamTypeIsCommon is used to save if necessary
//    (and share later) the corresponding stopColumn and sparceColumns
//     information about the current mdamKey
//
// OUTPUT:
// Return value:
//  A NON-NULL Cost* indicating the Cost for mdamKey if the cost did not
//    exceed the given cost bound.
//  A NULL Cost* indicating that the Cost for mdamKey exceeded
//    the given cost bound.
// sharedMdamKeyPtr: pointer to mdamKey used or shared,
//    if sharedMdamKeyPtr == &mdamKey then the key should not be deleted
//    even if it lost right now, because we may reuse BasicCost, stopColumn
//    and sparceCoilum information for this mdamKey later
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------

Cost*
FileScanOptimizer::oldComputeCostForMultipleSubset
   ( MdamKey* mdamKeyPtr,
     const Cost * costBoundPtr,
     NABoolean mdamForced,
     CostScalar & numKBytes,
     NABoolean checkExePreds,
     NABoolean mdamTypeIsCommon,
     MdamKey *&sharedMdamKeyPtr
   )
{
  MDAM_DEBUG0(MTL2,"BEGIN MDAM Costing --------");
  MDAM_DEBUGX(MTL2, MdamTrace::printCostObject(this, costBoundPtr, "Cost Bound"));
  // This was added as part of the project
  // to reduce compilation time by reusing simple cost vectors.
  NABoolean sharedCostFound = FALSE;
  SimpleCostVector * disjunctsFRPtr;
  SimpleCostVector * disjunctsLRPtr;

  FileScanBasicCost * fileScanBasicCostPtr = shareBasicCost(sharedCostFound);

  if ( mdamTypeIsCommon )
  {
    disjunctsFRPtr = &(fileScanBasicCostPtr->getFRBasicCostMdamCommon());
    disjunctsLRPtr = &(fileScanBasicCostPtr->getLRBasicCostMdamCommon());
    numKBytes = fileScanBasicCostPtr->getMdamCommonNumKBytes();
  }
  else
  {
    disjunctsFRPtr = &(fileScanBasicCostPtr->getFRBasicCostMdamDisjuncts());
    disjunctsLRPtr = &(fileScanBasicCostPtr->getLRBasicCostMdamDisjuncts());
    numKBytes = fileScanBasicCostPtr->getMdamDisjunctsNumKBytes();
  }

  SimpleCostVector & disjunctsFR = *disjunctsFRPtr;
  SimpleCostVector & disjunctsLR = *disjunctsLRPtr;
  sharedMdamKeyPtr = fileScanBasicCostPtr->getMdamKeyPtr(mdamTypeIsCommon);

  if ( sharedCostFound AND
       sharedMdamKeyPtr AND
       disjunctsFRPtr->getCPUTime() > csZero AND
       disjunctsLRPtr->getCPUTime() > csZero
     )
  {
    if ( CURRSTMT_OPTDEFAULTS->reuseBasicCost() )
    {
      MDAM_DEBUG0(MTL2, "Use cached MDAM cost");
      Cost * costPtr = computeCostObject(disjunctsFR, disjunctsLR);
      if ( costBoundPtr != NULL )
      {
        COMPARE_RESULT result =
          costPtr->compareCosts(*costBoundPtr,
                                 getContext().getReqdPhysicalProperty());
        if ( result == MORE OR result == SAME )
	{
          delete costPtr;
	  MDAM_DEBUG0(MTL2, "MDAM Costing returning NULL cost");
	  MDAM_DEBUG0(MTL2, "END   MDAM Costing --------\n");
          return NULL;
	}
      }
      mdamKeyPtr->reuseMdamKeyInfo(sharedMdamKeyPtr);
      MDAM_DEBUGX(MTL2, MdamTrace::printCostObject(this, costPtr,
          "Returning cached MDAM Cost"));
      MDAM_DEBUG0(MTL2, "END   MDAM Costing --------\n");
      return costPtr;
    }
    else
    {
      disjunctsFR.reset();
      disjunctsLR.reset();
    }
  }


#ifndef NDEBUG
      (*CURRSTMT_OPTGLOBALS->multSubsetCostMonitor).enter();
#endif

  // MDAM only works for key sequenced files.
  DCMPASSERT(getIndexDesc()->getNAFileSet()->isKeySequenced());
  DCMPASSERT(getIndexDesc()->getIndexKey().entries() > 0);

  const ValueIdSet &exePreds = getRelExpr().getSelectionPred();

  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  // For every disjunct:
  // Note:
  // $$$ Need to add code to detect disjunct overlapping
  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  // create the histograms for this disjunct:
  IndexDescHistograms
    firstColumnHistogram(*getIndexDesc(),CollIndex(1));

  // Declare counters that keep track of counters for the
  // MDAM tree created from all the disjuncts:
  CostScalar
    // rows that all subsets of all disjuncts contain:
    totalRows
    // estimated subsets of contigous data that the MDAM tree created
    // from all disjuncts contains (for all probes):
    ,totalRqsts
    // incoming probes that create an empty mdam tree:
    ,totalFailedProbes
    // probes for data to get the next subset boundary:
    ,totalProbesForSubsetBoundaries
    ,totalSeeks // total number of disk arm movements
    ,totalDisjunctPreds=0 // the sum of predicates in all disjuncts
    ,totalSeq_kb_read; // total number of blocks that were read sequentially

  CostScalar seqKBytesPerScan;

  ValueIdSet totalKeyPreds;
  CollIndex leadingPartPreds = 0;


  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  //  The probes are the TOTAL probes coming from the scan's parent. But
  //  depending on the key predicates and the partitioning key, the scan
  //  may be actually receiving fewer probes. The probes that the
  //  scan is actually receiving is given by the repeat count.
  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  CostScalar repeatCount = getContext().getPlan()->getPhysicalProperty()->
    getDP2CostThatDependsOnSPP()->getRepeatCountForOperatorsInDP2() ;

  // Costing works estimating the resources of the whole, unpartitioned
  // table, thus get the total probes by multiplying by the active
  // partitions
  CostScalar
    incomingProbes = repeatCount * getNumActivePartitions();

  DCMPASSERT(repeatCount <= incomingProbes);


  // Is this a Scan on the right-hand side of a Nested Join?
  // Typically, for nested joins, the repeatCount will be greater than
  // one AND the input ColStats will be non-empty.  However, in some
  // cases such as cross-products, the input ColStats are empty.
  // Also, in some cases repeat count is 1, but ColStats is not emtpy.
  // Here we treat this case as a multiprobe.
  //
  const NABoolean isMultipleProbes =
    ( (repeatCount.isGreaterThanOne()) OR
      (getContext().getInputLogProp()->getColStats().entries() > 0) );

  // -------------------------------------------------------------
  // Compute upper bounds:
  // -------------------------------------------------------------

  CostScalar innerRowsUpperBound =
    getRawInnerHistograms().getRowCount().getCeiling();

  const CostScalar estimatedRecordsPerBlock =
    getIndexDesc()->getEstimatedRecordsPerBlock();

  CostScalar innerBlocksUpperBound;
  computeBlocksUpperBound(
       innerBlocksUpperBound /* out*/
       ,innerRowsUpperBound
       ,estimatedRecordsPerBlock);


  // -----------------------------------------------------------
  // scanForcePtr (if exists)
  // Find if the scan is being forced
  // -----------------------------------------------------------
  ScanForceWildCard* scanForcePtr = NULL;
  const ReqdPhysicalProperty* propertyPtr =
      getContext().getReqdPhysicalProperty();
  if ( propertyPtr
       && propertyPtr->getMustMatch()
       && (propertyPtr->getMustMatch()->getOperatorType()
	   == REL_FORCE_ANY_SCAN))
    {
      scanForcePtr =
	(ScanForceWildCard*)propertyPtr->getMustMatch();
    }


  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  // Set up outer statistics and adjust incoming probes to one if
  // needed:
  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  const Histograms *outerHistogramsPtr = NULL;
  if (isMultipleProbes)
    {
      MDAM_DEBUG0(MTL2, "Mdam scan is multiple probes");
      // The outer histograms will be used if we are under a nested join
      outerHistogramsPtr = new HEAP
	Histograms(getContext().getInputLogProp()->getColStats());
      DCMPASSERT(outerHistogramsPtr != NULL);
    }
  else {
    MDAM_DEBUG0(MTL2, "Mdam scan is a single probe");
    // make sure that probes are at least one, to satisfy
    // Roll-up formulas....
    incomingProbes.minCsOne();

  }
  //the following is the flag identifying if exepreds can be empty or not.

  NABoolean noExePreds = TRUE;
  NABoolean proceedViaCosting = TRUE;
  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  //  Loop through every disjunct and:
  //   1.- Find the optimal disjunct prefix for the disjunct
  //   2.- If the optimal disjunct prefix exceeds the cost bound
  //       return with NULL (signaling that MDAM is too expensive)
  //   3.- Keep track of the sum of the costs of all disjuncts
  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  for (CollIndex disjunctIndex=0;
       disjunctIndex < mdamKeyPtr->getKeyDisjunctEntries();
       disjunctIndex++)
    {
      // -------------------------------------------------------------
      // current disjunct counters:
      // -------------------------------------------------------------
      CostScalar
        // rows that all subsets of this disjunct contain:
	disjunctRows
        // subsets of contigous data that this disjunct is made up
        // (for a single probe):
	,disjunctSubsets = csOne
        // subsets of contigous data that this disjunct is made up
        // (for *all* probes):
        ,disjunctSubsetsAsSeeks = csOne
	,disjunctRqsts = csOne
        // incoming probes that create an empty mdam tree:
        ,disjunctFailedProbes = csZero
        // probes for data to get the next subset boundary:
        ,disjunctProbesForSubsetBoundaries = csZero
        // total number of seeks for the current disjunct:
	,disjunctSeeks
        // total number of kb transfered from the physical file to the
        // DP2 current disjunct:
	,uniqueProbes=csOne
        ,disjunctSeq_kb_read;

      CostScalar sumOfUecs = csOne;
      CostScalar sumOfUecsSoFar = csOne;
      CostScalar blocksToReadPerUec = csZero;
      // The stop column keeps track of the optimal prefix
      CollIndex stopColumn = 0;
      CostScalar temp_dataRows = csZero;
      CostScalar * dataRows= &temp_dataRows;

      // -------------------------------------------------------------
      // Set up MdamKey dependant info:
      // -------------------------------------------------------------
      // Create empty list of histograms (histograms for every
      // column are added as needed)
      IndexDescHistograms disjunctHistograms(*getIndexDesc(),0);
      //Need to know if we can use multi column uec to better estimate
      //disjunct subsets.
      NABoolean multiColUecInfoAvail =
          disjunctHistograms.isMultiColUecInfoAvail();
      NABoolean temp=FALSE;
      NABoolean * allKeyPredicates=&temp;

      // get the key preds for this disjunct:
      ValueIdSet disjunctKeyPreds;
      mdamKeyPtr->getKeyPredicates(disjunctKeyPreds,
                                   allKeyPredicates,
                                   disjunctIndex);
      //keeps a eye on the possibility of having no executorpredicates
      if(NOT (*allKeyPredicates))
	noExePreds = FALSE;

      // return with a NULL cost if there are no key predicates
      // and we are not forcing MDAM (a null costBound is only
      // given when MDAM is being forced):
      if (disjunctKeyPreds.isEmpty() AND costBoundPtr != NULL)
      {
	MDAM_DEBUG1(MTL2, "disjunct[%d] without any key predicate,"
		    "MDAM is worthless, returning NULL!\n", disjunctIndex);
        MDAM_DEBUGX(MTL2, getDisjuncts().print());

#ifndef NDEBUG
        (*CURRSTMT_OPTGLOBALS->multSubsetCostMonitor).exit();
#endif
	MDAM_DEBUG0(MTL2, "MDAM Costing returning NULL cost");
	MDAM_DEBUG0(MTL2, "END   MDAM Costing --------\n");

        return NULL; // full table scan, MDAM is worthless here
      }

      // Tabulate the key predicates using the key columns as
      // the index:
      ColumnOrderList keyPredsByCol(getIndexDesc()->getIndexKey());
      mdamKeyPtr->getKeyPredicatesByColumn(keyPredsByCol,disjunctIndex);

      MDAM_DEBUG1(MTL2, "Disjunct: %d, keyPredsByCol:", disjunctIndex);
      MDAM_DEBUGX(MTL2, keyPredsByCol.print());

      // At this point, the disjunct MUST contain key preds:
      // DCMPASSERT(keyPredsByCol.containsPredicates());

      // -------------------------------------------------------------------
      // If we are receiving probes, find out how many of the probes
      // will generate a non-empty MDAM-tree:
      // --------------------------------------------------------------------

      if (isMultipleProbes)
	{
	  // -------------------------------------------------------------
	  // we are receiving probes, compute which are
	  // successful...
          // We assume each disjunct is independant and that the
          // probes being received apply to the current disjunct
          // only. In reality, the probes being received apply
          // to the whole MDAM tree built from all the disjuncts,
          // because, in general, the disjuncts are overlapping.
          //
          // In the executor, a new MDAM tree is built for every
          // probe. Thus a failed probe in MDAM really means a probe
          // that produces a tree with a single, empty, interval.
          // Consider the case:
          // select * from t1,t2 where t2.a=t1.a OR t2.a=t1.b;
          // and we are evaluting the cost of the inner table of
          // the NJoin:
          //               NJ
          //              /  \
          //            t1   t2
          //
          // t1 has a primary key on (a,b) and t2  has a primary key on a.
          // The tables are like:
          // t1({a,b}) = {(1,3),(5,11),(10,11)}
          // t2({a}) = {1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9,10,12,13,14,15}
          // Thus, t2 is receiving 3 probes: {(1,1),(5,5),(10,10)}
          // For probe 1, the mdam tree built for t2 is
          // made up of the intervals (for a): [1,1],[3,3]
          // for probe 2: EMPTY
          // for probe 3: [10,10]
          // Thus, probes 1 and 3 are "successful" and probe 2 is a
          // a "failed" probe. Note that a "failed" probe in MDAM
          // has zero cost (other than the overhead in finding out
          // that the tree is empty) since empty intervals *do not*
          // generate data lookups.
          //
          // To get some estimate on the "successful probes", we assume
          // that each disjunct gives raise to an independant MDAM tree.
          // In other words, we assume that every disjunct's data
          // does not overlap with each other.
	  // -------------------------------------------------------------

          // --------------------------------------------------------------
          // Compute the disjunct key predicates:
          // --------------------------------------------------------------
	  MDAM_DEBUG0(MTL2, "disjunctKeyPreds before recomputing");
	  MDAM_DEBUGX(MTL2, disjunctKeyPreds.display());
          disjunctKeyPreds.clear();
          keyPredsByCol.getAllPredicates(disjunctKeyPreds);
	  MDAM_DEBUG0(MTL2, "disjunctKeyPreds after recomputing");
	  MDAM_DEBUGX(MTL2, disjunctKeyPreds.display());
          // there must be preds in order to consider MDAM:
          DCMPASSERT( disjunctKeyPreds.entries() > 0 );
          CostScalar
            disSuccProbes
	    ,disUniSucPrbs /* dummy */
	    ,disDupSucPrbs /* dummy */
	    ,disFldPrbs /* dummy */
	    ,disUniFailedProbes;

      	  categorizeProbes(disSuccProbes /* out */
			   ,disUniSucPrbs /* out, but don't care */
			   ,disDupSucPrbs /* out, but don't care */
			   ,disFldPrbs /* out, but don't care */
			   ,disUniFailedProbes
			   ,incomingProbes
			   ,disjunctKeyPreds
			   ,*outerHistogramsPtr
                           ,TRUE // this is MDAM!
                           ,dataRows
			   );

	  MDAM_DEBUG1(MTL2, "Incoming Probes %f", incomingProbes.value());
	  MDAM_DEBUGX(MTL2, outerHistogramsPtr->print());
	  MDAM_DEBUGX(MTL2, disjunctKeyPreds.display());
	  MDAM_DEBUG1(MTL2, "categorizeProbes returns rows: %f", dataRows->value());
	  uniqueProbes = disUniSucPrbs + disUniFailedProbes;
          disjunctFailedProbes = incomingProbes - disSuccProbes;
          DCMPASSERT(disjunctFailedProbes >= csZero);

	} // if we are receiving probes


      // ---------------------------------------------------------
      // We need to compute the
      // prefix of this disjunct such that its cost is minimum
      // and set the stop column accordingly.
      //
      // Will will find that
      // prefix of the list of key columns such that
      // the subsets produced by the predicate expression that is formed by
      // predicates referring to columns in that prefix and
      // the histogram data for their columns
      // is of the least cost.
      //
      // We do this by advancing
      // the column position, recomputing the prefix cost,
      // and keeping track of the minimum prefix.
      // ---------------------------------------------------------

      // -------------------------------------------------------
      // Declare data needed to keep track of the minimum prefix:
      // -------------------------------------------------------
      Cost *minimumPrefixCostPtr = NULL;

      CostScalar
        minimumRows = csZero
        ,minimumRqsts
        ,minimumFailedProbes
        ,minimumProbesForSubsetBoundaries
        ,minimumSeeks = csZero
        ,minimumSeq_kb_read = csZero;

      ValueIdSet minimumKeyPreds;

      SimpleCostVector
        prefixFR
        ,prefixLR
        ;

      const ValueIdSet *predsPtr = NULL;
      Cost *prefixBoundPtr = NULL;
      ValueIdSet singleSubsetPrefixPredicates;

      // -------------------------------------------------------
      // Advance position by position and keep track of
      // minimum prefix:
      // -------------------------------------------------------


      // First find the last column position:
      // The order (i.e., column position) must be varied
      // up to the last column position that references
      // key predicates. Find the lastColumnPosition:
      // walk from the last key column until you find
      // a column position that references a key pred:
      ValueId keyCol;
      NABoolean duplicateFound=FALSE;
      const ItemExpr* predIEPtr = NULL;
      NABoolean foundLastColumn = FALSE;
      CollIndex lastColumnPosition = keyPredsByCol.entries() - CollIndex(1);
      for (;
           lastColumnPosition >= 0;
           lastColumnPosition--)
        {

          // don't bother if the key contains only one column:
          if (lastColumnPosition > CollIndex(0))
            {
              keyCol = getIndexDesc()->getIndexKey()[lastColumnPosition];
	      //following is guard against the situation where we can have
	      //key columns(a,b,a) and predicate a=3 we would chose second
	      //'a' as last coulumn whereas we know that we would never skip
	      //the first 'a' and apply the predicate to the second 'a'
	      for( CollIndex otherColumns=lastColumnPosition-CollIndex(1);
			(otherColumns+1)>=1;otherColumns--)
		{
		if(keyCol==getIndexDesc()->getIndexKey()[otherColumns])
		{
			duplicateFound=TRUE;
			break;
		}
					}
		if(duplicateFound)
		{
			duplicateFound=FALSE;
			continue;
		}
		// The predsPtr may be NULL, and keyPredsBy Col has already
		// sorted the preds by columns, no need to check again
		// through predIEPtr, this is fixed in the new code.
              predsPtr = keyPredsByCol[lastColumnPosition];
              // any predicate in the set may refer to the key column:
              for (ValueId predId = predsPtr->init();
                   predsPtr->next(predId);
                   predsPtr->advance(predId))
                {
                  predIEPtr = predId.getItemExpr();
                  if (predReferencesColumn(predIEPtr, keyCol))
                    {
                      foundLastColumn = TRUE;
                      break;
                    }
                }
            }
          else
            {
              // We've reached the first column, it MUST reference a
              // predicate:
              foundLastColumn = TRUE;
            }
          if (foundLastColumn)
            {
              break;
            }
        } // while we haven't found the lastColumnPosition
      predsPtr = NULL;
      // make column position start from one:
      lastColumnPosition++;
      DCMPASSERT(foundLastColumn);
      DCMPASSERT(lastColumnPosition > 0);


      // Now compute the optimum prefix:

      NABoolean firstRound = TRUE;
      // save the row count of the first column of the
      // previous (or the first) disjunct so that we
      // can correctly compute the sparse positionings
      // for the first column:
      CostScalar firstColRowCntAfter;
      CostScalar firstColRowCntBefore;
      // use this variable to test for overlapping disjunct:
      NABoolean firstColOverlaps = FALSE;

      // The disjunct key preds will actually represent the
      // prefix key preds:
      disjunctKeyPreds.clear();

      CostScalar uecForPreviousCol = csOne;
      CostScalar uecForPrevColForSeeks = csOne;
      CostScalar uecForPreviousColBeforeAppPreds = csOne;
      CostScalar orderRowCount;
      NABoolean crossProductApplied = FALSE;
      CollIndex leadingPartPreds = 0;
      CollIndex minLeadingPartPreds = 2000;  // Can not be 2000 - used to get min


      const ColStatDescList &primaryTableCSDL =
        getIndexDesc()->getPrimaryTableDesc()->getTableColStats();
      const ValueIdList &keyColumns = getIndexDesc()->getIndexKey();

      for (CollIndex colNum=0;colNum < keyColumns.entries();colNum++)
      {
        CollIndex indexInList;
        primaryTableCSDL.
          getColStatDescIndexForColumn(indexInList, keyColumns[colNum]);
        sumOfUecs = sumOfUecs + primaryTableCSDL[indexInList]->getColStats()->
                                                    getTotalUec().getCeiling();
      }
      //Following two variable are used to keep track of the predicate on the
      //current column to be used by the next column. It is reasonable to use
      //MDAM on the later column if the current column has equality predicate
      //on it. Without special code it does not work because the cost of pred
      //application out does the reduction in row send to executor in dp2
      NABoolean prevPredIsEqual= FALSE;
      NABoolean curPredIsEqual= FALSE;
      NABoolean prevColChosen= FALSE;
      CollIndex previousColumn=0;
      for (CollIndex prefixColumnPosition = 0;
           prefixColumnPosition <  lastColumnPosition;
           prefixColumnPosition++)
        {

          // Because of a VEG predicate can contain more than one
          // predicate encoded, add histograms incrementally so that
          // the reduction of a VEG predicate for a later column
          // than the current column position does not affect the
          // distribution of the current column.
          // Note that the append method receives a one-based column position,
          // so add one to the prefix because the prefix is zero based:
          disjunctHistograms.
            appendHistogramForColumnPosition(prefixColumnPosition+1);

          // The very first time,
          // Apply preds to firs column histograms
          // (in order to detect disjunt overlapping) and
          // if there is a single
          // subset prefix, advance the counter to its last
          // column position and gather its predicates.
          if (prefixColumnPosition == 0 )
            {
              // update first col. hist:
              DCMPASSERT(prefixColumnPosition==0);
              firstColRowCntBefore =
                firstColumnHistogram.getColStatsForColumn(
                     getIndexDesc()->getIndexKey()[0]).
                getRowcount().getCeiling();
              predsPtr = keyPredsByCol[0];
	      const SelectivityHint * selHint = getIndexDesc()->getPrimaryTableDesc()->getSelectivityHint();
	      const CardinalityHint * cardHint = getIndexDesc()->getPrimaryTableDesc()->getCardinalityHint();

              if (predsPtr AND NOT predsPtr->isEmpty())
                {
                  firstColumnHistogram.
                    applyPredicates(*predsPtr, getRelExpr(), selHint, cardHint, REL_SCAN);

                  ValueId predId;
                  BiRelat * predIEptr;
                  for(predId=predsPtr->init();
                      predsPtr->next(predId);
                      predsPtr->advance(predId))
                     {
                       if (predId.getItemExpr()->getArity() == 2)
                         {
                           predIEptr=(BiRelat *)predId.getItemExpr();
                           if (predIEptr->isaPartKeyPred())
                             {
                               leadingPartPreds += 1;
                               break;
                             }
                         }
                     }

                }
              firstColRowCntAfter =
                firstColumnHistogram.getColStatsForColumn(
                     getIndexDesc()->getIndexKey()[0]).
                getRowcount().getCeiling();

              // compute the order of the single subset prefix:
              // This order is the column position for that
              // column that denotes a single subset
              // i.e., consider a table t1(A,B,C,D)
              // with pk (A,B,C)
              // for A=1, the order is 0
              // for A=1 AND B=2 AND C=3, the order is 2.
              // itIsSingleSubset is FALSE only for the case
              // that there is a IN pred in the first column.
              CollIndex singleSubsetPrefixColumn;
              NABoolean itIsSingleSubset =
                keyPredsByCol.
                getSingleSubsetOrder(singleSubsetPrefixColumn);

              // Apply single subset preds to histograms and compute
              // statistics:
              if (itIsSingleSubset)
                {
                  for (CollIndex singleSubsetColPosition=0;
                       singleSubsetColPosition <= singleSubsetPrefixColumn;
                       singleSubsetColPosition++)
                    {
                      // Obtain the predicates in i-th order and insert
                      // them into the sing. subset preds:
                      predsPtr = keyPredsByCol[singleSubsetColPosition];

                      if (predsPtr AND NOT predsPtr->isEmpty())
                        {
                          singleSubsetPrefixPredicates.insert(*predsPtr);
                        }
                    } // for every key col in the sing. subset prefix


                  // Set the preds ptr to all preds. in the
                  // prefix:
                  predsPtr = &singleSubsetPrefixPredicates;

                  // Advance the column counter to the
                  // last column of the prefix:
                  prefixColumnPosition = singleSubsetPrefixColumn;
                  for (CollIndex i=1; i <= prefixColumnPosition; i++)
                    {
                      disjunctHistograms.appendHistogramForColumnPosition(i+1);
                    }

                  // A single subset prefix has only
                  // one positioning by definition:
                  disjunctSubsets = csOne;


                  // These are the subsets that each probe is going
                  // to read
                  // (the subsets cannot be higher that the number
                  //  of rows in the raw table):
                  disjunctSubsets = MINOF(disjunctSubsets.getValue(),
                                          innerRowsUpperBound.getValue());
                  disjunctSubsetsAsSeeks = disjunctSubsets;

                  // Since this is a single subset,
                  // no boundary probes
                  // are necessary:
                  disjunctProbesForSubsetBoundaries = csZero;


                } // it is prefixColumnPosition==0 and singlesubsets

              // The uec is used as a multiplier, thus initialize it
              // to one for the column previous to the very first column:
              uecForPreviousCol = csOne;
              uecForPrevColForSeeks = csOne;

            } // if prefix column position is inside a single subset prefix
          else
            { // The prefix column position is in a column after
              // the single subset prefix


              // gather predicates for columns after single subset
              // prefix:
              if (keyPredsByCol[prefixColumnPosition])
                {
                  // the column has predicates,
                  // accumulate them in the pred set:
                  predsPtr = keyPredsByCol[prefixColumnPosition];
                }

              // $$$ if the column is of type IN list, then
              // $$$ the uec should be equal to the IN list entries
              // $$$ times the previous UEC
              // $$$ If the hists can handle IN lists then
              // $$$ the next line is correct.

                uecForPreviousCol = disjunctHistograms.getColStatsForColumn(
                   getIndexDesc()->
                   getIndexKey()[prefixColumnPosition-1]).getTotalUec().
                getCeiling();


                CostScalar estimatedUec = csOne;
                if(multiColUecInfoAvail AND
                    uecForPreviousCol.isGreaterThanOne() AND
		    prefixColumnPosition>1 AND
                  disjunctHistograms.estimateUecUsingMultiColUec(
                                                    keyPredsByCol,/*in*/
                                                    prefixColumnPosition-1,/*in*/
                                                    estimatedUec/*out*/))
                {
                  uecForPreviousCol =
                      (uecForPreviousCol/uecForPreviousColBeforeAppPreds)
                       *estimatedUec;
                  uecForPreviousColBeforeAppPreds = estimatedUec;
                }
                sumOfUecsSoFar = sumOfUecsSoFar + uecForPreviousColBeforeAppPreds;
                uecForPrevColForSeeks = uecForPreviousCol;
                CostScalar uecPerBlock = uecForPreviousColBeforeAppPreds
                                          / blocksToReadPerUec;


                // The following formula was added so that we do not count every
                // subset as a seek. For example let's say that so far we have
                // computed 200 blocks for 20 subsets then so far each subset
                // would access 10 blocks. Now if the next column has 20 uecs
                // a naive algorithm would increase the subset by a factor of
                // 20 and we would have 400 subsets equivalent to 400 seeks.
                // But in reality these 20 uecs are going to create seeks in the
                // 10 blocks so we know that it cannot create more than 10 seeks
                // we further more reduce it by the location of the column and how
                // "together" each of these seeks are.
                if(uecForPrevColForSeeks.isGreaterThanOne() AND
                    NOT uecPerBlock.isLessThanOne() )
                {
                  uecForPrevColForSeeks = MIN_ONE(uecForPrevColForSeeks / uecPerBlock);
                  uecForPrevColForSeeks = MIN_ONE(uecForPrevColForSeeks *
                    MAXOF((sumOfUecs - sumOfUecsSoFar)/sumOfUecs,1/16));
                }
                else if (uecForPrevColForSeeks.isGreaterThanOne())
                {
                  uecForPrevColForSeeks = MIN_ONE(uecForPrevColForSeeks *
                    MAXOF((sumOfUecs - sumOfUecsSoFar)/sumOfUecs,1/16));
                }

            } // prefix column position greater than zero

          // ---------------------------------------------------------
          // The disjunctKeyPreds, at this point, must reflect the
          // keypreds in the current prefix,
          // therefore append this column's key preds:
          // ---------------------------------------------------------
          if (predsPtr)
            {
              DCMPASSERT(predsPtr != NULL);
              disjunctKeyPreds.insert(*predsPtr);


	    }

          // At this point
          // *predsPtr contain the key predicates
          //  for the prefix.

	  MDAM_DEBUG1(MTL2, "Prefix: %d:", prefixColumnPosition);

          NABoolean getRowCount=TRUE;
          // ----------------------------------------------------------------
          // Apply predicates:
          // Apply *predsPtr to the histograms for this disjunct
          // so that we can obtain the positionings and the
          // rows produced by the current disjunct:
          // ----------------------------------------------------------------


          uecForPreviousColBeforeAppPreds =
              disjunctHistograms.getColStatsForColumn(
                getIndexDesc()->getIndexKey()[prefixColumnPosition]).
                getTotalUec().getCeiling();

	  if ( predsPtr AND
               (NOT predsPtr->isEmpty())
              )
            {
	      MDAM_DEBUG0(MTL2, "Applying predicates to disjunct histograms");
	      MDAM_DEBUGX(MTL2, predsPtr->print());

              if (NOT crossProductApplied
                  AND
                  isMultipleProbes)
	      {
		  MDAM_DEBUG0(MTL2, "Applying cross product");

                  // Only apply the cross product once
                  crossProductApplied = TRUE;
		  if(prefixColumnPosition == lastColumnPosition-1)
                  {
                    getRowCount=FALSE;
                    orderRowCount = *dataRows;
		    MDAM_DEBUG1(MTL2, "orderRowCount comes from outerHist: %f",
                        orderRowCount.value());

                  }else
                  {
		    const SelectivityHint * selHint = getIndexDesc()->getPrimaryTableDesc()->getSelectivityHint();
		    const CardinalityHint * cardHint = getIndexDesc()->getPrimaryTableDesc()->getCardinalityHint();

		    disjunctHistograms.applyPredicatesWhenMultipleProbes(
                       *predsPtr
                       ,*(getContext().getInputLogProp())
                       ,getRelExpr().getGroupAttr()->getCharacteristicInputs()
                       ,TRUE // doing MDAM!
		       ,selHint
		       ,cardHint
                       ,NULL
		       ,REL_SCAN);
                  }
                }
              else
                {
		    const SelectivityHint * selHint = getIndexDesc()->getPrimaryTableDesc()->getSelectivityHint();
		    const CardinalityHint * cardHint = getIndexDesc()->getPrimaryTableDesc()->getCardinalityHint();

		    disjunctHistograms.applyPredicates(
                       *predsPtr, getRelExpr(), selHint, cardHint, REL_SCAN
                       );


                }
            }
              prevPredIsEqual = curPredIsEqual;
              curPredIsEqual = FALSE;
              if (keyPredsByCol.getPredicateExpressionPtr(prefixColumnPosition) AND
	         (keyPredsByCol.getPredicateExpressionPtr(prefixColumnPosition)->
			  getType()==KeyColumns::KeyColumn::CONFLICT_EQUALS OR
			  keyPredsByCol.getPredicateExpressionPtr(prefixColumnPosition)->
			  getType()== KeyColumns::KeyColumn::EQUAL))
		  {
                    curPredIsEqual = TRUE;
	            previousColumn=prefixColumnPosition;
		  }


	  if(getRowCount){
            orderRowCount = disjunctHistograms.getRowCount();
	    MDAM_DEBUG1(MTL2, "orderRowCount comes from disjunctHist: %f",
                orderRowCount.value());
          }
          if (prefixColumnPosition == 0)
            {
              // Below, we test a sufficient condition for
              // dijunct overlap.
              //
              // This disjunct overlaps the previous if:
              //
              // The application of preds did not change
              // the rowcount of the first col hist.
              // AND
              // there is a previous disjunct
              // AND
              // the rowcount of the first col hist.
              // is the same as the rowcount of
              // the first col. hist.
              // after first col. preds. were applied.
              // NOTE that we can only detect overlap
              // for the very first column (prefixColumnPosotion == 0))
              firstColOverlaps =
                ( (firstColRowCntBefore == firstColRowCntAfter)
                  AND
                  (disjunctIndex > 0)
                  AND
                  (firstColRowCntAfter == orderRowCount) );

            } // compute overlap flag for first column


          //-----------------------------------------------------
          // Compute density of this column
          //-----------------------------------------------------
          // Sparse dense force flags:
          NABoolean sparseForced = FALSE;
          NABoolean denseForced = FALSE;

          // Check if scan is being forced
          // if so check if density is forced too
          if (scanForcePtr && mdamForced)
            {
              sparseForced =
                ((scanForcePtr->getEnumAlgorithmForColumn(prefixColumnPosition)
                  == ScanForceWildCard::COLUMN_SPARSE)
                 ? TRUE : FALSE);
              denseForced =
                ((scanForcePtr->getEnumAlgorithmForColumn(prefixColumnPosition)
                  == ScanForceWildCard::COLUMN_DENSE)
                 ? TRUE : FALSE);
            }

          if (sparseForced OR denseForced)
            {
              if (sparseForced)
                {
                  mdamKeyPtr->setColumnToSparse(prefixColumnPosition);
                }
              else if (denseForced)
                {
                  mdamKeyPtr->setColumnToDense(prefixColumnPosition);
                }
            }
          else
            {
              // -------------------------------------------------------
              // Sparse/dense was not forced, calculate it from
              // histograms:
              // -------------------------------------------------------

              // With single col. histograms we can only do
              // a good job estimating thisfor the first column...
              if (prefixColumnPosition == 0)
                {
                  const ColStats  &firstColumnColStats =
                    disjunctHistograms.
                    getColStatsForColumn(getIndexDesc()->getIndexKey()[0]);

                  // $$$ We may want to put the threshold in the
                  // $$$ defaults table:
                  const CostScalar DENSE_THRESHOLD = 0.90;
                  const CostScalar density =
                    (firstColumnColStats.getTotalUec().getCeiling()) /
                    ( firstColumnColStats.getMaxValue().getDblValue()
                      - firstColumnColStats.getMinValue().getDblValue()
                      + 1.0 );

                  if ( density > DENSE_THRESHOLD )
                    {
                      // It is dense!!!
                      mdamKeyPtr->setColumnToDense(prefixColumnPosition);
                    }
                  else
                    {
                      // It is sparse!!!
                      mdamKeyPtr->setColumnToSparse(prefixColumnPosition);
                    }
                } // if order == 0
              else
                {
                  // order > 0, always sparse
                  mdamKeyPtr->setColumnToSparse(prefixColumnPosition);
                }
            } // dense/sparse not forced


          // -------------------------------------------------------
          // Update positionings:
          //
          // Assume that the all of the distinct elements for this
          // column exist for every distinct element of
          // the previous column.
          // -------------------------------------------------------

          // Note that there cannot be more positionings and more
          // subsets than there are rows in the table

          // The positionings include probing for the
          // next subset
          if (prefixColumnPosition == 0)
            {
              disjunctSubsets = uecForPreviousCol;
              disjunctSubsets =
                MINOF(innerRowsUpperBound.getValue(),
                      disjunctSubsets.getValue());
              disjunctSubsetsAsSeeks = disjunctSubsets;

              disjunctProbesForSubsetBoundaries = csZero;
            }
          else // prefixColumnPosition > 0
            {
              // Do not add subsets for the first column
              // (i.e. we are in order 1) if we already added them
              // in a previous subset:
              if ( (prefixColumnPosition == 1 AND NOT (firstColOverlaps) )
                   OR
                   prefixColumnPosition > 1)
                {
                  // the UEC for the previous column
                  // may be zero (if the table was empty
                  // or all the rows are eliminated after
                  // preds were applied.) In this
                  // case, don't multiply:
                  if (uecForPreviousCol.isGreaterThanZero())
                    {
                      disjunctSubsets *= uecForPreviousCol;
                      disjunctSubsets =
                        MINOF(innerRowsUpperBound.getValue(),
                              disjunctSubsets.getValue());
                    }
                  if( uecForPrevColForSeeks.isGreaterThanZero())
                  {
                    disjunctSubsetsAsSeeks *= uecForPrevColForSeeks;
                    disjunctSubsetsAsSeeks =
                       MINOF(innerRowsUpperBound.getValue(),
                             disjunctSubsetsAsSeeks .getValue());
                  }

                  // If the previous column is sparse, then for each subset
                  // we need to make an extra probe to find the subset
                  // boundary IF we are not in the second column
                  // and the first column overlaps:
                  if  (mdamKeyPtr->isColumnSparse(prefixColumnPosition-1))
                  {
                    if ( NOT disjunctProbesForSubsetBoundaries.isGreaterThanZero() )
                    {
                      disjunctProbesForSubsetBoundaries = csOne;
                    }
                    disjunctProbesForSubsetBoundaries *= uecForPreviousCol;
                    disjunctProbesForSubsetBoundaries =
                        MINOF(innerRowsUpperBound.getValue(),
                              disjunctProbesForSubsetBoundaries.getValue());
                  }

                } // non-overlapping

            } // order > 0

          // -------------------------------------------------------------
          // Update statistics:
          // --------------------------------------------------------------

          // the subsets requests are issued for every probe:
          CostScalar effectiveProbes = incomingProbes - disjunctFailedProbes;
          disjunctRqsts =  disjunctSubsets * effectiveProbes;

          // the disjunct rows are those rows from the
          // inner table that are kept after the
          // application of predicates.
          // We need the rows for *all* probes,
          // thus we should not divide over the number of
          // probes:
          disjunctRows = orderRowCount;

          // --------------------------------------------------------------
          // A successful request is equivalent to a successful probe
          // in the SearchKey case (single subset), thus we need
          // the rows per successful request, which we compute
          // below.
          // --------------------------------------------------------------

          CostScalar subsetsPerBlock = csOne;
          CostScalar rowsPerSubset = csZero;

          if( NOT disjunctRqsts.isLessThanOne() AND
                disjunctRows.isGreaterThanZero() )
          {
             rowsPerSubset = disjunctRows / disjunctRqsts;
             subsetsPerBlock = estimatedRecordsPerBlock / rowsPerSubset;
          } // if condition is FALSE we don't change these values

          // ------------------------------------------------------------
          // Compute seq_kb_read and seeks for this disjunct
          //
          // The i/o is computed in a per-probe basis (thus the
          // use of disjunctSubsets instead of disjunctRequests).
          // It will be scaled up to number of probes below.
          //
          // -------------------------------------------------------------

          // Get the blocks read per probe:
          CostScalar disjunctBlocksToRead;
          computeTotalBlocksLowerBound(
               disjunctBlocksToRead
               ,disjunctSubsetsAsSeeks
               ,rowsPerSubset
               ,estimatedRecordsPerBlock
               ,innerBlocksUpperBound);
          blocksToReadPerUec = MIN_ONE(disjunctBlocksToRead / disjunctSubsets);


          CostScalar beginBlocksLowerBound = csZero;
          computeBeginBlocksLowerBound(
               beginBlocksLowerBound
               ,MINOF( (disjunctSubsetsAsSeeks /subsetsPerBlock).getCeiling(),
                        disjunctSubsetsAsSeeks.getValue())
               ,innerBlocksUpperBound);


          // disjunctSubsets + disjunctProbesForSubsetBoundaries are basically the number of probes
          //to all the  appropriate values. Thus can be used to compute the number of index blocks
          //that will be used in for MDAM access.
          CostScalar indexBlocksLowerBound = getIndexDesc()->
                                              getEstimatedIndexBlocksLowerBound(
                                              MINOF(((disjunctSubsets +
                                              disjunctProbesForSubsetBoundaries)
                                              /subsetsPerBlock).getCeiling(),
                                              disjunctSubsets.getValue()));
          // Assume that every disjunct does not overlap
          // with the previous. Since we computed all
          // rows to read (and not a lower bound),
          // the following routine will compute
          // the correct cost, despite its name.
          computeIOForFullCacheBenefit(disjunctSeeks /* out */
                                       ,disjunctSeq_kb_read /* out */
                                       ,beginBlocksLowerBound
                                       ,disjunctBlocksToRead
                                       ,indexBlocksLowerBound);


          // -------------------------------------------------------------
          // The total cost for the disjunct is the cost of all
          // the probes times the cost for this disjunct:
          // -------------------------------------------------------------
          NABoolean changeBack = FALSE;
          if((disjunctSeeks-beginBlocksLowerBound).getValue()>=5)
          {
            changeBack = TRUE;
            disjunctSeeks = disjunctSeeks-5;
            disjunctSeq_kb_read = disjunctSeq_kb_read-CostScalar(5)
                                            *getIndexDesc()->getBlockSizeInKb();
          }

          disjunctSeeks *= effectiveProbes;
          disjunctSeq_kb_read *= effectiveProbes;

          if(changeBack)
          {
            disjunctSeeks = disjunctSeeks+5;
            disjunctSeq_kb_read = disjunctSeq_kb_read+CostScalar(5)
                                            *getIndexDesc()->getBlockSizeInKb();
          }


          //-----------------------------------------------------
          // Update the minimum prefix:
          //-----------------------------------------------------

          // Compute current prefix's costs:
          prefixFR.reset();
          prefixLR.reset();
          // getCeiling()'s for final values are calculated
          // inside computeCostVectors...
#ifndef NDEBUG
	  (*CURRSTMT_OPTGLOBALS->multVectorCostMonitor).enter();
#endif  //NDEBUG

	  MDAM_DEBUG2(MTL2, "Disjunct: %d, Prefix Column: %d",
              disjunctIndex, prefixColumnPosition);
	  MDAM_DEBUG1(MTL2, "Incoming Probes: %f:", incomingProbes.value());
	  MDAM_DEBUG1(MTL2, "Prefix Failed Probes: %f:",
              disjunctFailedProbes.value());
	  MDAM_DEBUG1(MTL2, "Prefix Subsets: %f:", disjunctSubsets.value());
	  MDAM_DEBUG1(MTL2, "Prefix Requests (probes * Subsets): %f:",
              disjunctRqsts.value());
	  MDAM_DEBUG1(MTL2, "Prefix Rows: %f:", disjunctRows.value());
	  MDAM_DEBUG1(MTL2, "Prefix Seeks %f:", disjunctSeeks.value());
	  MDAM_DEBUG1(MTL2, "Prefix KB Read: %f:", disjunctSeq_kb_read.value());

          computeCostVectorsForMultipleSubset(
              prefixFR
             ,prefixLR
	     ,seqKBytesPerScan
             ,disjunctRows
             ,disjunctRqsts + disjunctProbesForSubsetBoundaries
             ,disjunctFailedProbes
             ,disjunctSeeks
             ,disjunctSeq_kb_read
             ,disjunctKeyPreds
             ,exePreds
             ,incomingProbes
             ,CostScalar(disjunctKeyPreds.entries())
             );

#ifndef NDEBUG
          (*CURRSTMT_OPTGLOBALS->multVectorCostMonitor).exit();
#endif  //NDEBUG

          // Does the prefix exceeds the minimum prefix cost:
          // If MDAM is forced then the user can specify
          // up to which key column predicates will be included
          // in the mdam key. If the user does not specify the
          // column and MDAM is forced, all of the key predicates
          // in the disjunct are included in the mdam key.

          NABoolean minimumExceedsFrAndLrCosts = FALSE;


#ifndef NDEBUG
	  // -------------------------------------------------------
	  // Back door to force mdam for QA tests:
	  // -------------------------------------------------------
	  char *cstrMDAMStatus = getenv("MDAM");
	  if ((cstrMDAMStatus != NULL) &&
	      ( strcmp(cstrMDAMStatus,"ON")==0 ))
	    {
	      minimumExceedsFrAndLrCosts = TRUE;
	      proceedViaCosting = FALSE;
	    }
	  else
	    {
#endif
	      if (scanForcePtr && mdamForced)
		{
		  proceedViaCosting = FALSE;
		  if(noExePreds AND scanForcePtr
                      ->getNumMdamColumns()<lastColumnPosition)
                     noExePreds=FALSE;
		  if (prefixColumnPosition < scanForcePtr->getNumMdamColumns())
		    {
		      // The user wants this column as part
		      // of the mdam key,
		      // simulate that the cost is exceeded
		      // so that it is included:
		      minimumExceedsFrAndLrCosts = TRUE;

		    }
		  else
		    {
		      if (scanForcePtr->getMdamColumnsStatus()
			  == ScanForceWildCard::MDAM_COLUMNS_ALL)
			{
			  // Unconditionally force all of the columns:
			  minimumExceedsFrAndLrCosts = TRUE;
			  // proceedViaCosting is FALSE
			}
		      else if (scanForcePtr->getMdamColumnsStatus()
			       == ScanForceWildCard::MDAM_COLUMNS_NO_MORE)
			{
			  // Unconditionally reject this and later columns:
			  minimumExceedsFrAndLrCosts = FALSE;
                          curPredIsEqual = FALSE;
                          prevPredIsEqual = FALSE;
			  // proceedViaCosting is FALSE;
			}
		      else if (scanForcePtr->getMdamColumnsStatus()
			       ==
			       ScanForceWildCard::MDAM_COLUMNS_REST_BY_SYSTEM)
			{
			  // Let the system decide based on costing:
			  proceedViaCosting = TRUE;
			}
		    }

		} // if scanForcePtr
#ifndef NDEBUG
	    } // try force statament
#endif


	  if (NOT proceedViaCosting)
	  {
	    MDAM_DEBUG0(MTL2, "Order not considered due to forcing");
	  }

	  MDAM_DEBUGX(MTL2,
	    MdamTrace::printBasicCost(this, prefixFR, prefixLR, "Cost for prefix in oldComputeCostForMultipleSubset():"));


          if (proceedViaCosting)
            {
              // Mdam has not been forced, or forced but with the choice
              // of system decision for MDAM column. proceed with costing:
              minimumExceedsFrAndLrCosts =
                NOT exceedsBound(minimumPrefixCostPtr,
                                 prefixFR
                                 ,prefixLR
                                 );
            }


          // If it is the first time we go around this
          // loop update the minimum.
          // Also updated if the current minimum exceeded
          // the current prefix:
	  // This if is simplifed in the new MDAM costing code
          if (firstRound
              OR minimumExceedsFrAndLrCosts
              OR (prevColChosen
                  AND keyPredsByCol[prefixColumnPosition]
                  AND NOT predsPtr->isEmpty()
                  AND ((prevPredIsEqual AND prefixColumnPosition==previousColumn+1)
                       OR (curPredIsEqual AND prevPredIsEqual))))
            {
	      // The if below seems redundant, removed in the new MDAM costing code
	      if(prefixColumnPosition>previousColumn)prevPredIsEqual=FALSE;
              // We found a new minimum, initialize its data:

              firstRound = FALSE;
              minimumRows = disjunctRows;
              // the successful probes must be multiplied by
              // the positions since every probe must be charged
              // by the disjunct positionings...
              minimumRqsts = disjunctRqsts;
              minimumFailedProbes = disjunctFailedProbes;
              minimumProbesForSubsetBoundaries =
                        disjunctProbesForSubsetBoundaries;
              minimumSeeks = disjunctSeeks;
              minimumSeq_kb_read = disjunctSeq_kb_read;
              // The new minimum is always a longer prefix
              // never a shorter one, so minimumKeyPreds
              // always contains the prev. predicates,
              // thus just insert the key preds,
              // dont'clear them:
              minimumKeyPreds.insert(disjunctKeyPreds);

              delete minimumPrefixCostPtr;
              minimumPrefixCostPtr = computeCostObject(prefixFR,prefixLR);

              DCMPASSERT(minimumPrefixCostPtr != NULL);

              stopColumn = prefixColumnPosition;
              prevColChosen = TRUE;

	      MDAM_DEBUG1(MTL2, "Minimum prefix column position: %d",
                  prefixColumnPosition);
	      MDAM_DEBUGX(MTL2, MdamTrace::printCostObject(this,
                  minimumPrefixCostPtr, "Minimum so far"));

	      } // update minimum prefix
          else if (proceedViaCosting AND NOT minimumExceedsFrAndLrCosts) {
             if(prefixColumnPosition == lastColumnPosition-1)
             {//we have reached the lastcolumnPosition and its cost
              //was exceeded for the lastcolumn so
               //there will be additional exepreds
               noExePreds = FALSE;
             }
          else  //  This is not the last column and it wasn't chosen
             prevColChosen = FALSE;
          }
       } // for every Column Position after the prefix order (but the last)

      // delete the the minimum prefix cost, is not needed anymore:
      delete minimumPrefixCostPtr;


      // --------------------------------------------------------------
      // Sum up the statistics for all the disjuncts costed so far
      // --------------------------------------------------------------

      totalRows += minimumRows;

      // Note that the total requests will be potentially be
      // as large as # of disjuncts times the number of
      // requests per disjunct
      totalRqsts += minimumRqsts+minimumProbesForSubsetBoundaries;
      totalFailedProbes += minimumFailedProbes;
      totalSeeks += minimumSeeks;

      //  If we have partitioning key predicates then we will be reading different
      //   parts of the partition by different esps.  There will be some seeks going
      //   from one esp reading to another.  Assume that we will at least read ahead
      //   the normal amount (for now reduce possible seeks by 100).
      const CostScalar blockSizeInKb = getIndexDesc()->getBlockSizeInKb();
      NADefaults &defs                 = ActiveSchemaDB()->getDefaults();
      const CostScalar maxDp2ReadInBlocks =
      CostScalar(defs.getAsULong(DP2_MAX_READ_PER_ACCESS_IN_KB))/blockSizeInKb;

      if (leadingPartPreds == mdamKeyPtr->getKeyDisjunctEntries()
           AND (totalRows / estimatedRecordsPerBlock) > maxDp2ReadInBlocks)
        {
          totalSeeks +=
              (totalRows / estimatedRecordsPerBlock)/maxDp2ReadInBlocks/100;
        }

      totalSeq_kb_read += minimumSeq_kb_read;

      totalKeyPreds.insert(minimumKeyPreds);

      totalDisjunctPreds += minimumKeyPreds.entries();

      // Set the stop column for current disjunct:
      mdamKeyPtr->setStopColumn(disjunctIndex, stopColumn);


      // Compute the cost of all the disjuncts analyzed so far:
      disjunctsFR.reset();
      disjunctsLR.reset();
      // Since we saved this mdamKey information - don't delete it
      // in FileScanOptimizer::optimize(), return this key for checking
      sharedMdamKeyPtr = mdamKeyPtr;
      fileScanBasicCostPtr->setMdamKeyPtr(mdamKeyPtr,mdamTypeIsCommon);

      // Is this restricted to the first column and it either has no predicate
      //   or is a single disjunct - not using mdam  OR
      // Has the input cost bound been exceeded by the disjuncts costed
      // so far?

      // Detect if MDAM make sense

      NABoolean mdamMakeSense = TRUE;

      if (NOT mdamForced  AND
          stopColumn == 0) {

	if (keyPredsByCol.getPredicateExpressionPtr(0) == NULL )
	  mdamMakeSense = FALSE;
	else if (mdamKeyPtr->getKeyDisjunctEntries() == 1) {
	  // When there is a conflict in single subset, mdam should handle it
	  const ColumnOrderList::KeyColumn* currKeyColumn =
	    keyPredsByCol.getPredicateExpressionPtr(0);

	  NABoolean conflict =
	    (    (currKeyColumn->getType() == KeyColumns::KeyColumn:: CONFLICT)
		 OR
		 (currKeyColumn->getType() ==
		  KeyColumns::KeyColumn::CONFLICT_EQUALS));

	  if( NOT conflict ) // single subset should be chosen.
	    mdamMakeSense = FALSE;

	}
      }

      if ( mdamMakeSense )
      {
#ifndef NDEBUG
      (*CURRSTMT_OPTGLOBALS->multVectorCostMonitor).enter();
#endif  //NDEBUG
        computeCostVectorsForMultipleSubset(disjunctsFR /* out */
                                          ,disjunctsLR /* out */
					  ,seqKBytesPerScan /* out */
                                          ,totalRows
                                          ,totalRqsts
                                          ,totalFailedProbes
                                          ,totalSeeks
                                          ,totalSeq_kb_read
                                          ,totalKeyPreds
                                          ,exePreds
                                          ,incomingProbes
                                          ,totalDisjunctPreds
                                          );
#ifndef NDEBUG
      (*CURRSTMT_OPTGLOBALS->multVectorCostMonitor).exit();
#endif  //NDEBUG
        if ( exceedsBound(costBoundPtr,disjunctsFR,disjunctsLR) )
        {
	   mdamMakeSense = FALSE;
           if ( disjunctIndex+1 <
                mdamKeyPtr->getKeyDisjunctEntries() )
           {
             // If we didn't go through all disjuncts yet -
             // invalidate computed basic cost to prevent
             // using this incomplete cost later.
             disjunctsFR.reset();
             disjunctsLR.reset();
           }
        }
      }
      if ( NOT mdamMakeSense )
        {
#ifndef NDEBUG
	  (*CURRSTMT_OPTGLOBALS->multSubsetCostMonitor).exit();
#endif  //NDEBUG
          // Yes!, no need to continue, MDAM does not make sense
          // for this scan:
	  MDAM_DEBUG0(MTL2, "MDAM Costing returning NULL cost");
	  MDAM_DEBUG0(MTL2, "END   MDAM Costing --------\n");
          return NULL;
	}

      MDAM_DEBUG1(MTL2, "Stop Column: %d", stopColumn);

    } // for every disjunct

  MDAM_DEBUG1(MTL2, "Total rows for this MDAM scan: %f:", totalRows.value());

#ifndef NDEBUG
  (*CURRSTMT_OPTGLOBALS->multObjectCostMonitor).enter();
  CURRSTMT_OPTGLOBALS->synCheckFlag = TRUE;
#endif  //NDEBUG

  // ---------------------------------------------------------------------
  // Done!, MDAM won! create the cost vector:
  // ---------------------------------------------------------------------

  Cost *costPtr = computeCostObject(disjunctsFR
                                    ,disjunctsLR
                                    );
#ifndef NDEBUG
  CURRSTMT_OPTGLOBALS->synCheckFlag = FALSE;
  (*CURRSTMT_OPTGLOBALS->multObjectCostMonitor).exit();
#endif  //NDEBUG

  //noExePreds is true, great set the flag in MDAM
  if(noExePreds AND checkExePreds)
  {
    mdamKeyPtr->setNoExePred();
  }

#ifndef NDEBUG
  (*CURRSTMT_OPTGLOBALS->multSubsetCostMonitor).exit();
#endif  //NDEBUG

  numKBytes = seqKBytesPerScan; //totalSeq_kb_read;

  if ( checkExePreds )
    fileScanBasicCostPtr->setMdamDisjunctsNumKBytes(numKBytes);
  else
    fileScanBasicCostPtr->setMdamCommonNumKBytes(numKBytes);

  MDAM_DEBUGX(MTL2, MdamTrace::printCostObject(this, costPtr,
      "Returning MDAM Cost"));
  MDAM_DEBUG0(MTL2, "END   MDAM Costing --------\n");
  return costPtr;

} // oldComputeCostForMultipleSubset(...)

// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
// This function will check if current context has the same basic physical
// properties as the one of existing BasicCost objects. First it checks
// the groupId, sinice the goupId defines the set of row produced by the
// group members. This will take into account all predicates pushed to the
// scan. Then it checks the number of incoming probes tthat could be
// different for the same groupId. Finally it checks input logical property
// passed from the left child of nested join to the right one. If both
// pointers currentIPP and existingIPP are NULL it returns TRUE, if
// only one of them is NULL, it returns FALSE. If both are not NULL
// and not equal to eash other, it compares corresponding lists of
// NjOuterOrder columns
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
NABoolean
FileScanBasicCost::hasSameBasicProperties(const Context & currentContext) const
{
   if ( basicCostContext_->getGroupId() != currentContext.getGroupId() )
     return FALSE;

   if ( (basicCostContext_->getInputLogProp())->getResultCardinality()
         != (currentContext.getInputLogProp())->getResultCardinality() )
     return FALSE;

   if ((basicCostContext_->getInputLogProp()->getColStats().entries() > 0)
       != (currentContext.getInputLogProp()->getColStats().entries() > 0))
     return FALSE;

   if ( (basicCostContext_->getReqdPhysicalProperty())->getOcbEnabledCostingRequirement()
       != (currentContext.getReqdPhysicalProperty())->getOcbEnabledCostingRequirement() )
     return FALSE;

   LogPhysPartitioningFunction *logPhysPartFunc =
    (LogPhysPartitioningFunction *)  // cast away const
    currentContext.getPlan()->getPhysicalProperty()->getPartitioningFunction()->
    castToLogPhysPartitioningFunction();

  if ( logPhysPartFunc != NULL )
  {
    LogPhysPartitioningFunction::logPartType logPartType =
      logPhysPartFunc->getLogPartType();

    if (    logPartType == LogPhysPartitioningFunction::LOGICAL_SUBPARTITIONING
	 OR logPartType == LogPhysPartitioningFunction::HORIZONTAL_PARTITION_SLICING
       )
      {
        // If we have LOGICAL_SUBPARTITIONING then extra predicates have
        // been added to selection preds.  We don't want to steal plans
        // without the extra predicates.
        // The problem is to find a plan with the extra predicates -
        // the commented out code did not do this right
        //if (NOT basicCostContext_->getPlan())
         return FALSE;
      }
   }

   const InputPhysicalProperty*
	 currentIPP = currentContext.getInputPhysicalProperty();
   const InputPhysicalProperty*
	 existingIPP = basicCostContext_->getInputPhysicalProperty();

   if ( currentIPP == NULL OR currentIPP->getAssumeSortedForCosting())
   {
     if ( existingIPP == NULL OR existingIPP->getAssumeSortedForCosting())
       return TRUE;
     else
       return FALSE;
   }

   // currentIPP != NULL
   if ( existingIPP == NULL OR existingIPP->getAssumeSortedForCosting())
      return FALSE;

   // currentIPP != NULL AND existingIPP != NULL
   return ( currentIPP == existingIPP OR
     *(currentIPP->getNjOuterOrder()) == *(existingIPP->getNjOuterOrder()) );
}

// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
// Use this routine to compare the current cost with a given bound.
// INPUT:
//    costBoundPtr: the bound to exceed
//    firstRow: A first row simple cost vector
//    lastRow: A last row simple cost vector
// OUTPUT:
//   TRUE if the cost vector created from firstRow and lastRow is of the
//   cost as *costBoundPtr or if it is more expensive than *costBoundPtr
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------

NABoolean
FileScanOptimizer::exceedsBound(const Cost *costBoundPtr,
				const SimpleCostVector& firstRow
				,const SimpleCostVector& lastRow
                                ) const
{


  if (costBoundPtr == NULL)
    {
      return FALSE;
    }
  else
    {

      const Cost *costSoFarPtr = computeCostObject(firstRow, lastRow);

      COMPARE_RESULT result =
	costSoFarPtr->compareCosts(*costBoundPtr,
			       getContext().getReqdPhysicalProperty());

      delete costSoFarPtr;

      // since doing MDAM adds overhead also say that we exceeded
      // a bound when costs match exactly:
      if (result == MORE OR result == SAME)
	{

	  MDAM_DEBUG0(MTL2, "Cost exceeded");

	  return TRUE; // cost bound has been exceeded, return

	}


    } // cost bound comparison

  return FALSE;

} // FileScanOptimizer::exceedsBound(...)

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// fix the estimation
// for seeks beginBlocksLowerBound = no. of unique entries WHICH ARE
// SUCCESSFUL in matching with inner table totalBlocksLowerBound = no.
// of blocks returning from the OUTER TABLE after applying the predicate
// innerBlocksUpperBound = Total size of inner table
// DBB = Distance between the blocks
// MSD = Distance for average seek
// CostScalar(0.025) = (seek time is between .2ms and 8ms ignore latency,
// so fixed is .2ms/8ms=0.025) (0.008) Limiting the rate of increase upto
// twice that of inner blocks and then using a step function
// STEP FUNCTION so as to decrease the rate of increase after twice of
// inner blocks cost for fixed seeks is the, % of probes which can be read
// with minimum seek time finalRows are the final resulting rows, matched
// with outertable and qualified with < predicate To the readAhead cost
// the Mrows * finalRows is added, this is done in order to calculate the
// cost of moving the rows to the executor. Once the rows from the outer
// table come in and they are compared with the innertable rows, the
// successful rows will be returned to the executor, so the
// more the number of rows returned to the executor the more the cost.
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

void
FileScanOptimizer::computeSeekForDp2ReadAheadAndProbeOrder(
     CostScalar& seekComputedWithDp2ReadAhead,
     const CostScalar& finalRows,
     const CostScalar& uniqueProbes,
     const CostScalar& beginBlocksLowerBound,
     const CostScalar& totalBlocksLowerBound,
     const CostScalar& innerBlocksUpperBound,
     const CostScalar& dp2CacheSize,
     const NABoolean inOrderProbes
    )const
{
   NADefaults &defs                 = ActiveSchemaDB()->getDefaults();
   const CostScalar blockSizeInKb = getIndexDesc()->getBlockSizeInKb();
   const CostScalar maxDp2ReadInBlocks =
     CostScalar(defs.getAsULong(DP2_MAX_READ_PER_ACCESS_IN_KB))/blockSizeInKb;
   const CostScalar blocksForMoreThanOneSeek =
       defs.getAsLong(DP2_MINIMUM_FILE_SIZE_FOR_SEEK_IN_BLOCKS);


  if(inOrderProbes)
    {
      //uniqueProbes calculated from CategorizeProbes should be atleast one.
      CCMPASSERT(uniqueProbes > csZero);

      const CostScalar DBB=(innerBlocksUpperBound / uniqueProbes);
      const CostScalar MSD = defs.getAsULong(NJ_MAX_SEEK_DISTANCE);
      const CostScalar Ulimit = defs.getAsDouble(NJ_INC_UPTOLIMIT);
      const CostScalar Alimit = defs.getAsDouble(NJ_INC_AFTERLIMIT);
      const CostScalar Mrows  = defs.getAsDouble(NJ_INC_MOVEROWS);

      CostScalar fixedSeeks;
      CostScalar Limit = csTwo * innerBlocksUpperBound;

      if (uniqueProbes > Limit)
	{
	  CostScalar extraProbes = uniqueProbes - Limit;
	  fixedSeeks = Ulimit * Limit + Alimit * extraProbes;
	}
      else
	{
	  fixedSeeks = Ulimit * (uniqueProbes-1);
	}

      CostScalar variableSeeks = uniqueProbes - fixedSeeks;

      seekComputedWithDp2ReadAhead = csOne + fixedSeeks +
          (variableSeeks) * (DBB/MSD)  + Mrows * finalRows;

   }
  else
  {
    if(innerBlocksUpperBound <= dp2CacheSize)
    {
      seekComputedWithDp2ReadAhead =
          MINOF(beginBlocksLowerBound,
                innerBlocksUpperBound/maxDp2ReadInBlocks);
    }
    else
    {
      seekComputedWithDp2ReadAhead = beginBlocksLowerBound;
    }
  }
}

void
FileScanOptimizer::computeIOForFullCacheBenefit(
     CostScalar& seeks /* out */
     ,CostScalar& seq_kb_read /* out */
     ,const CostScalar& beginBlocksLowerBound
     ,const CostScalar& totalBlocksLowerBound
     ,const CostScalar& indexBlocks) const
{

  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  // No block will be read more than once.
  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  //For the sake of a cleaner interface lets have indexBlocks as a constant
  //reference parameter. But that means we have to load it into a cost scalar
  //that can be updated.

  seq_kb_read =
    (totalBlocksLowerBound
     + indexBlocks) * getIndexDesc()->getBlockSizeInKb();

  // There cannot be more index blocks than the log of the total data blocks:

  seeks =
    beginBlocksLowerBound + indexBlocks;


}

void
FileScanOptimizer::computeIOForRandomCase(
     CostScalar& seeks /* out */
     ,CostScalar& seq_kb_read /* out */
     ,const CostScalar& blksPerSuccProbe
     ,const CostScalar& beginBlocksLowerBound
     ,const CostScalar& totalBlocksLowerBound
     ,const CostScalar& successfulProbes
     ,const CostScalar& failedProbes
     ,const CostScalar& indexBlocksLowerBound) const
{
  const CostScalar cacheInBlocks =
    getDP2CacheSizeInBlocks(getIndexDesc()->getBlockSizeInKb());


 ULng32 ulCache = (ULng32)(cacheInBlocks.getCeiling().getValue());
 ULng32 ulBlks = (ULng32)(blksPerSuccProbe.getValue());
  if (ulBlks == (ULng32)0)
    {
      FSOWARNING("Bad cast in FileScanOptimizer::computeIOForRandomCase(...)");
      ulBlks = UINT_MAX;
    }
  CostScalar extraMemory =  ulCache % ulBlks;

  const CostScalar availableCacheInBlocks =  cacheInBlocks - extraMemory;

  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  // If the cache is bigger or equal than the total blocks to be read, then
  // the hit probability is trivially one. Else, it is the fraction
  // of the available cache over the total blocks to be read:
  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  CostScalar cacheHitProbability = csOne;
  if (availableCacheInBlocks < totalBlocksLowerBound )
    {
      cacheHitProbability =
        availableCacheInBlocks  / totalBlocksLowerBound;
    }

  // sanity check:
  DCMPASSERT(cacheHitProbability >= 0 AND cacheHitProbability <= 1.0);

  const CostScalar extraBeginBlocks =
    successfulProbes - beginBlocksLowerBound;

  const CostScalar extraDataBlocks =
    successfulProbes * blksPerSuccProbe
    - totalBlocksLowerBound;
  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  // Failed probes is considered below because we assume that
  // to know that a probe failed we need to reach to the
  // bottom of the b-tree and grab the first data block.
  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  seq_kb_read =
    (
         (totalBlocksLowerBound + indexBlocksLowerBound + failedProbes)
         + (csOne - cacheHitProbability)
         *extraDataBlocks

         )  * getIndexDesc()->getBlockSizeInKb();

  // We assume that once an index block is loaded, it remains
  // in cache:
  seeks =
    beginBlocksLowerBound // data seeks for all probes
    + indexBlocksLowerBound // index seeks
    + failedProbes
    + (csOne - cacheHitProbability) * extraBeginBlocks;

}


void
FileScanOptimizer::computeIOForFullTableScan(
     CostScalar& dataRows /* out */
     ,CostScalar& seeks /* out */
     ,CostScalar& seq_kb_read /* out */
     ,const CostScalar& probes
     ) const
{

  const CostScalar indexBlocksLowerBound = getIndexDesc()->
                                  getEstimatedIndexBlocksLowerBound(probes);
  // Assume that every record in the table will be read:

  dataRows = getRawInnerHistograms().getRowCount();

  const CostScalar blksInTable =
    CostScalar( dataRows
		/ getIndexDesc()->getEstimatedRecordsPerBlock());


  seq_kb_read = (probes * blksInTable) * getIndexDesc()->getBlockSizeInKb();

  seeks =
    probes // data seeks
    +
    indexBlocksLowerBound; // index seeks

} // FileScanOptimizer::computeIOForFullTableScan(...)

void
FileScanOptimizer::computeCostVectorsForMultipleSubset(
     SimpleCostVector& firstRow /* out */
     ,SimpleCostVector& lastRow /* out */
     ,CostScalar& seqKBytesPerScan /* out */
     ,const CostScalar& totalRows
     ,const CostScalar& subsetRequests // a request for a subset of data
     ,const CostScalar& failedProbes // produce and EMPTY mdam tree
     ,const CostScalar& seeks
     ,const CostScalar& seq_kb_read
     ,const ValueIdSet& keyPreds
     ,const ValueIdSet& exePreds
     ,const CostScalar& incomingProbes // probes incoming to the operator
     ,const CostScalar& mdamNetPredCnt // the sum of predicates in all disjuncts
     ) const
{

  // charge the cost of building the mdam network:
  // We assume that the cost of building
  // the  mdam network in the executor is
  // a linear function of the mdam key predicates:

  // The cost it takes to start building the mdam network:
  CostScalar mdamNetCostOvh;

  // The cost that takes to build the mdam network per predicate:
  // (we assume that the cost to build the mdam network is a linear function
  // of the key predicates)
  CostScalar mdamNetCostPerPred;
  
  if ( CmpCommon::getDefault(RANGESPEC_TRANSFORMATION) == DF_ON )
  {
    mdamNetCostOvh = 0.0;
    mdamNetCostPerPred = 0.0;
  }
  else
  {
    mdamNetCostOvh = CostPrimitives::getBasicCostFactor(MDAM_CPUCOST_NET_OVH);	
    mdamNetCostPerPred = CostPrimitives::getBasicCostFactor(MDAM_CPUCOST_NET_PER_PRED);
  }

  // The cost to start up the mdam network and to finish building it,
  // for one probe:
  CostScalar mdamNetBuildCost =
    mdamNetCostOvh + mdamNetCostPerPred * mdamNetPredCnt;

  // The cost per partition:
  const CostScalar activePartitions =   getNumActivePartitions();

  mdamNetBuildCost = mdamNetBuildCost/activePartitions;


  // The first row must build the net no matter what, but only for the
  // first probe (because we assume that the first probe finds the first
  // row):
  firstRow.addInstrToCPUTime(mdamNetBuildCost);
  // Also add it to the idle time so that it gets reflected
  // on the elapsed time and is a factor in comparison with
  // the single subset case:
   CostScalar mdamNetOverheadTime =
    mdamNetBuildCost
    *
    CostPrimitives::getBasicCostFactor(MSCF_ET_CPU);

  firstRow.addToIdleTime(mdamNetOverheadTime);

  // But the last row builds it for *all* probes:
  // the successful probes pay full price:
  mdamNetBuildCost = mdamNetBuildCost * MIN_ONE(incomingProbes-failedProbes);
  // fail probes only pay initial overhead:
  mdamNetBuildCost += failedProbes * mdamNetCostOvh;
  lastRow.addInstrToCPUTime(mdamNetBuildCost);
  // Add also to idel time so that it makes a difference compared
  // to search key (usually IO dominates over CPU, so if we add
  // only to CPU then it won't make a difference an MDAM may look
  // like a winner when in fact it is a loser)
  mdamNetOverheadTime =
    mdamNetBuildCost
    *
    CostPrimitives::getBasicCostFactor(MSCF_ET_CPU);
  lastRow.addToIdleTime(mdamNetOverheadTime);

  // finish costing:
  computeCostVectors(firstRow // out
                     ,lastRow // out
		     ,seqKBytesPerScan
                     ,totalRows
                     ,subsetRequests
                     ,subsetRequests // all are successful
                     ,seeks
                     ,seq_kb_read
                     ,keyPreds
                     ,exePreds
                     ,incomingProbes
                     );

} // FileScanOptimizer::computeCostVectorsForMultipleSubset(...)


void
FileScanOptimizer::computeCostVectors(
     SimpleCostVector& firstRow /* out */
     ,SimpleCostVector& lastRow /* out */
     ,CostScalar& seqKBytesPerScan /* out */
     ,const CostScalar& totalRows
     ,const CostScalar& subsetRequests // a request for a subset of data
     ,const CostScalar& successfulSubsetRequests // requests that hit data
     ,const CostScalar& seeks
     ,const CostScalar& seq_kb_read
     ,const ValueIdSet& keyPreds
     ,const ValueIdSet& exePreds
     ,const CostScalar& incomingProbes // probes incoming to the operator
     ) const
{
  DCMPASSERT(totalRows >= 0);
  DCMPASSERT(subsetRequests >= 0);
  DCMPASSERT(successfulSubsetRequests <= subsetRequests);

  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  // The cost that we need to compute is that of a single scan.
  // However, the data that we are getting corresponds
  // to that for scanning all the data to answer the
  // original query. This method partitions that data so
  // that the cost per scan can be created.
  // It takes into account:
  //  - several scans may be working in the same cpu (cpu contention)
  //  - the scan is being done syncronously or asynchronously
  //  - several CPUS are available for scanning the data (data parallelism)
  //
  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------


  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  // To estimate the cost per scan we need to know how many
  // partitions are actually doing work. Then, the cost per
  // scan will be computed in general by dividing the total cost
  // over the active partitions.
  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  //
  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  //  getEstNumActivePartitionsAtRuntime() will return the estimated number of
  //  active partitions at runtime.This variable is set to the maximum number
  //  of partitions that can be active,if a query has an equality predicate
  //  with a host/parameter variable on leading partition column.This is done
  //  is method OptPysRelExpr::computeDP2CostThatDependsonSPP().
  //  If this is not set, this function will return the active partition
  //  determined by getNumActivePartition() function.
  //  This is currently used only for costing of scans.

  const CostScalar activePartitions = getEstNumActivePartitionsAtRuntime();

  CostScalar totalRowsInResultTable = (CostScalar)getResultSetCardinality();

  // Patch for Sol.10-031024-0755 (Case 10-031024-9406).
  // This change can be made unconditional. TotalRowsInResultTable (which
  // is selected number of rows, so it is a misnomer) cannot be greater
  // than the total number of rows scanned, defined by input dataRows
  if ( CmpCommon::getDefault(COMP_BOOL_35) == DF_OFF )
     totalRowsInResultTable = MINOF(totalRowsInResultTable,totalRows);

  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  // Scale down the total factors to single scan:
  // We assume uniform distribution, i.e. all active partitions are
  // doing the same ammount of work.
  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  const CostScalar
    rowsPerScan = CostScalar(totalRows/activePartitions).getCeiling()
    ,selectedRowsPerScan =
        CostScalar(totalRowsInResultTable/activePartitions).getCeiling()
    ,requestsPerScan = CostScalar(subsetRequests/activePartitions).getCeiling()
    ,successfulRequestsPerScan =
    CostScalar(successfulSubsetRequests/activePartitions).getCeiling()
    ,seeksPerScan = CostScalar(seeks/activePartitions).getCeiling()
    ,probesPerScan = CostScalar(incomingProbes/activePartitions).getCeiling()
    ;
  CostScalar seq_kb_readPerScan =
    CostScalar(MAXOF(seq_kb_read/activePartitions,4.0));


  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  // Set up some parameters in preparation for costing:
  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------

  const CostScalar
    recordsPerBlock =
    getIndexDesc()->getEstimatedRecordsPerBlock().getCeiling();

  const CostScalar
    kbPerBlock = getIndexDesc()->getBlockSizeInKb();


  const CostScalar
    dp2MessageBufferSizeInKb =
    CostPrimitives::getBasicCostFactor(DP2_MESSAGE_BUFFER_SIZE)
    ,recordSizeInKb =  getIndexDesc()->getRecordSizeInKb();

  // rows that fit in dp2 buffer (rfdp2):
  const double
    rfdp2 =
    (dp2MessageBufferSizeInKb / recordSizeInKb).getFloor().getValue();

  // Assume that the first row is obtained in the first
  // successful request:
  const CostScalar
    rowsPerScanForFirstRow =
    (successfulRequestsPerScan.isGreaterThanZero() ?
     MINOF(
          (rowsPerScan/successfulRequestsPerScan).getCeiling()
          , rfdp2)
     : csZero);

  const CostScalar
    selectedRowsPerScanForFirstRow =
    (successfulRequestsPerScan.isGreaterThanZero() ?
     MINOF(
          (selectedRowsPerScan/successfulRequestsPerScan).getCeiling()
          , rfdp2)
     : csZero);

  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  // Now cost each bucket of the simple cost vector:
  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------


  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  // CPU:
  // Instructions to traverse the B-Tree for successful requests
  // +
  // Instructions to traverse the B-Tree for unsuccessful requests
  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------

  CostScalar
    cpuInstructionsFR = csZero
    ,cpuInstructionsLR = csZero;

  if (requestsPerScan.isGreaterThanZero())
    {
      // We do a binary search after we get the data block in memory to find
      // the matching row. So in worst case scenario it would just be
      // ln(recordsPerBlock). log function will give us the natural logarithm.
      // se to get logX = lnX/log2 1.44 * lnX.
      const CostScalar cpuForBTreeComparisons =
        ( 1.44 * log((getIndexDesc()->
           getEstimatedRecordsPerBlock()).getValue())
          * getIndexDesc()->getIndexKey().entries()
          * CostPrimitives:: getBasicCostFactor(CPUCOST_PREDICATE_COMPARISON)
          * getIndexDesc()->getIndexLevels() );

      if (successfulRequestsPerScan.isGreaterThanZero())
        {

          // Successful requests:
          // We assume that the cpu cost for *each* successful request is
          // a constant overhead plus a
          // function of the number of index blocks traversed and the
          // number of key predicates.
          //
          // Number of comparisons that are
          // performed to traverse the non-leaf
          // levels and arrive at the leaf. We assume that the search within
          // the index, for each succ. probe,
          // has to perform key comparisons with half the number
          // of rows on each page (root + non-leaf pages + leaf page that
          // contains the begin key value). We take into account the number
          // of key columns that participate in the comparison.


          cpuInstructionsLR +=           // LR CPU INSTRUCTION CALC:
            successfulRequestsPerScan
            *
            ( cpuForBTreeComparisons
              +
              CostPrimitives::getBasicCostFactor(CPUCOST_DATARQST_OVHD) );
        }

      // unsuccessful requests:
      const CostScalar
        failedRequestsPerScan =
        requestsPerScan - successfulRequestsPerScan;
      if (failedRequestsPerScan.isGreaterThanZero())
        {
          // Assume failed requests traverse half the B-Tree to find
          // out they failed

          cpuInstructionsLR +=           // LR CPU INSTRUCTION CALC:
            failedRequestsPerScan
            *
            ( (cpuForBTreeComparisons/2).getCeiling()
              +
              CostPrimitives::getBasicCostFactor(CPUCOST_DATARQST_OVHD) );

        }

      // assume that the first row gets its data in the successful request:

      // FR CPU INSTRUCTION CALC:
      cpuInstructionsFR +=           // FR CPU INSTRUCTION CALC:
        cpuInstructionsLR/requestsPerScan;


      // ------------------------------------------------------------
      // There is one copy of every row to be made to bring the
      // rows into the exeindp2: (more copies are done to ship
      // to the master, but these copies are costed by the exchange)
      // ------------------------------------------------------------
      const CostScalar numberOfCopiesOfRows = csOne;
      CostScalar instrPerRowMovedOutOfTheCache =
        CostScalar(CostPrimitives
                   ::getBasicCostFactor(CPUCOST_COPY_ROW_OVERHEAD))
        +
        numberOfCopiesOfRows
        *
        recordSizeInKb
        *
        CostScalar(1024.) // convert kb to bytes
        *
        CostScalar(CostPrimitives
                   ::getBasicCostFactor(CPUCOST_COPY_ROW_PER_BYTE))
        ;

      // locking per row:
      // $$ in the future set this var with info obtained from the
      // $$ enviroment (it should have the value 0 or 1):
      const CostScalar locking = csZero;
      instrPerRowMovedOutOfTheCache +=
        locking * CostScalar(CostPrimitives
                              ::getBasicCostFactor(CPUCOST_LOCK_ROW));

      // key encoding/decoding per row:
      // $$$ In the future we need info from the IndexDesc regarding
      // the key length:
      const CostScalar keyLength = csZero;
      instrPerRowMovedOutOfTheCache +=
        keyLength * CostScalar(CostPrimitives
                               ::getBasicCostFactor(CPUCOST_SCAN_KEY_LENGTH));

      // Add a per kb cost for the cost of moving
      // every block from disk to DP2:
      CostScalar instrToCopyDataFromDiskToDP2Cache =
        seq_kb_readPerScan
        *
        CostScalar(CostPrimitives::getBasicCostFactor(
                                           CPUCOST_SCAN_DSK_TO_DP2_PER_KB));
      // Add a per seek cost for the cost of moving
      // data from disk to DP2:
      instrToCopyDataFromDiskToDP2Cache +=
        seeksPerScan
        *
        CostScalar(CostPrimitives::getBasicCostFactor(
                                           CPUCOST_SCAN_DSK_TO_DP2_PER_SEEK));
      // $$$ First row
      // Add this later

      // LR CPU INSTRUCTION CALC:
      cpuInstructionsLR += instrToCopyDataFromDiskToDP2Cache;

      // CPUCOST_SCAN_OVH_PER_KB
      // is a catch all cost *per KB*
      // This catches all overhead that happens when data is moved
      // from the dp2 cache into the exe in dp2.
      instrPerRowMovedOutOfTheCache +=
        recordSizeInKb
        *
        // Catch all overhead per KB:
        // this is a per kb read overhead:
        CostScalar(CostPrimitives::getBasicCostFactor(
                                           CPUCOST_SCAN_OVH_PER_KB))
        ;

      // Add a a per-row overhead:
      instrPerRowMovedOutOfTheCache +=
        CostScalar(CostPrimitives::getBasicCostFactor(
                                           CPUCOST_SCAN_OVH_PER_ROW));

      // Only rows that are selected are moved out of the cache:
      // First row
      cpuInstructionsFR += // FR CPU INSTRUCTION CALC:
        instrPerRowMovedOutOfTheCache
        *
        selectedRowsPerScanForFirstRow;

      // LR CPU INSTRUCTION CALC:
      cpuInstructionsLR += // LR CPU INSTRUCTION CALC:
        instrPerRowMovedOutOfTheCache
        *
        selectedRowsPerScan;


      // Compute cost for executor predicates
      const CostScalar instrPerExePredEvaluationPerRow =
        CostPrimitives::getBasicCostFactor(CPUCOST_PREDICATE_COMPARISON ) *
        exePreds.entries();

      // First row
      cpuInstructionsFR += // FR CPU INSTRUCTION CALC:
        instrPerExePredEvaluationPerRow
        *
        rowsPerScanForFirstRow;

      // LR CPU INSTRUCTION CALC:
      cpuInstructionsLR += // LR CPU INSTRUCTION CALC:
        instrPerExePredEvaluationPerRow
        *
        rowsPerScan;

    } // if requests per scan > 0

  DCMPASSERT(cpuInstructionsFR <= cpuInstructionsLR);

  firstRow.addInstrToCPUTime(cpuInstructionsFR);
  lastRow.addInstrToCPUTime(cpuInstructionsLR);

  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  // SEEKS:
  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  CostScalar
    seeksFR = csZero
    ,seeksLR = csZero;
  // no seeks if no requests:
  if (requestsPerScan.isGreaterThanZero())
    {
      // Assume first row is obtained in the first request:
      seeksFR = (seeksPerScan/requestsPerScan).getCeiling();
      seeksLR = seeksPerScan;
    }

  firstRow.addSeeksToIOTime(seeksFR);
  lastRow.addSeeksToIOTime(seeksLR);

  DCMPASSERT(seeksFR <= seeksLR);

  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  // KB TRANSFERED
  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  CostScalar
    seqKBFR = csZero
    ,seqKBLR = csZero;
  // no kb transfered if no requests:
  if (successfulRequestsPerScan.isGreaterThanZero())
    {


      // Compute the kb that need to be transfered for first row:

      // The first row must read just enough to fill the DP2 buffer:
      // This is the minimum of:
      // seq_kb_read for all rows that qualify the query and
      // seq_kb_read needed to fill the DP2 buffer:

      const CostScalar maxBlksPerScanForFirstRow =
        CostScalar(rowsPerScanForFirstRow/recordsPerBlock).getCeiling();

      CostScalar
        maxKbReadPerScanForFirstRow = maxBlksPerScanForFirstRow * kbPerBlock;


      // Add bytes due to the effect of selectivity on read-ahead:
      const CostScalar totalRowsInRawTable =
          getRawInnerHistograms().getRowCount().getCeiling();

      // But don't go into this logic if the fraction is zero
      const CostScalar ioTransferCostPrefetchMissesFraction =
        getDefaultAsDouble(IO_TRANSFER_COST_PREFETCH_MISSES_FRACTION);

      if (ioTransferCostPrefetchMissesFraction.isGreaterThanZero()
          AND
          totalRowsInRawTable.isGreaterThanZero())
      {

        // 03/16/98: Observation:
        // It takes around 8 seconds to scan 100,000 wisconsin rows
        // when there is an executor predicate that selects only
        // one record.
        // It takes around 12 seconds to scan 100,000 wisconsin rows
        // when there is no executor predicates.
        // In both cases the KB transfered is the same (full table
        // scan). Thus it seems that the speed of transfer depends
        // on the selectivity of the executor predicates.
        // Note that is in only I/O time, not CPU. This
        // anomaly could be explained by the fact that as
        // the selectivity of the executor predicate decrease
        // the DP2 has to do more work to manage the buffers
        // that will be sent to the ESP, thus stopping the
        // data transfer and making the disk miss the read ahead.
        // When the executor is very selective, the disk read ahead
        // is not interrupted and the speed is faster.
        // Currently, the speed of transfer is a constant, not
        // a function. Therefore, to accommodate this fact,
        // I'll add bytes to the sequential read result as
        // the selectivity of the exe. preds compared to
        // the sequential read increases.


        // the maximum read ahead is when only one row is selected
        // the minimum when all rows are selected

        // read ahead reduction happens because when the dp2 buffer
        // fills out, dp2 must stop reading until it sends the
        // buffer to the ESP requesting data. Thus, there cannot
        // be read ahead reduction when we read less (per
        // probe) than the
        // dp2 buffer's size.
        CostScalar kbReadAgainstKbSelectedRatio = csZero;

        CostScalar seq_kb_readPerScanPerRqst =
          (seq_kb_readPerScan / activePartitions).getCeiling()
          /
          successfulRequestsPerScan;
        if (seq_kb_readPerScanPerRqst
            >
            CostPrimitives::getBasicCostFactor(DP2_MESSAGE_BUFFER_SIZE))
          {


            // Read ahead reduction, figure out reduction factor:
            CostScalar rowsInResultTablePerScan =
              (totalRowsInResultTable/activePartitions).getCeiling();

            CostScalar blocksInResultTablePerScan =
              (rowsInResultTablePerScan
              /
              getIndexDesc()->getEstimatedRecordsPerBlock()).getCeiling();

            CostScalar kbInResultTablePerScan =
              blocksInResultTablePerScan * getIndexDesc()->getBlockSizeInKb();

            kbReadAgainstKbSelectedRatio =
              kbInResultTablePerScan / seq_kb_readPerScan;

            // The ratio above should be alwasy less than 1, but
            // because of synthesis problems it may be greater than
            // one. This would screw costing so correct it
            // (best we can do is to make it zero)
            //DCMPASSERT(seq_kb_readPerScan >= kbInResultTablePerScan);
            if ( kbReadAgainstKbSelectedRatio.isGreaterThanOne() )
              {
                 kbReadAgainstKbSelectedRatio = csZero;
              }


          }


        // As the scan executor predicates are more selective,
        // the scan needs to read more data because of prefetch misses:


        seq_kb_readPerScan +=
          seq_kb_readPerScan *
          ioTransferCostPrefetchMissesFraction * kbReadAgainstKbSelectedRatio;

        maxKbReadPerScanForFirstRow +=
          maxKbReadPerScanForFirstRow *
          ioTransferCostPrefetchMissesFraction * kbReadAgainstKbSelectedRatio;

      }

      // we can't read more blocks for the
      // first row than for the entire scan:
      seqKBFR =
        MINOF(maxKbReadPerScanForFirstRow, seq_kb_readPerScan);
      seqKBLR =
        seq_kb_readPerScan;

    } // requestsPerScan > 0
  // else if no successful requests then some data
  // may still be read (i.e. to scan the index levels)

  firstRow.addKBytesToIOTime(seqKBFR);
  lastRow.addKBytesToIOTime(seqKBLR);

  seqKBytesPerScan = seqKBLR;

  DCMPASSERT(seqKBFR <= seqKBLR);

  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  // NORMAL MEMORY
  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------

  // A buffer to evaluate expressions:

  /*j  Currently not used 05/08/01, commented out for future
    firstRow.addToNormalMemory(dp2MessageBufferSizeInKb);
    lastRow.addToNormalMemory(dp2MessageBufferSizeInKb);
  j*/


  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  // PERSISTENT MEMORY
  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------

  const CostScalar cacheSizeInBlocks =
    getDP2CacheSizeInBlocks(getIndexDesc()->getBlockSizeInKb());
  const CostScalar dp2CacheInKb =
    cacheSizeInBlocks * getIndexDesc()->getBlockSizeInKb();

  /*j  Currently not used 05/08/01, commented out for future
  firstRow.addToPersistentMemory(dp2CacheInKb);
  lastRow.addToPersistentMemory(dp2CacheInKb);
  j*/

  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  // NUM. LOCAL MESSAGES
  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  //no local messages

  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  // KB REMOTE MESSAGES TRANSFER
  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  // no local messages

  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  // NUM. REMOTE MESSAGES
  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  //no remote messages

  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  // KB REMOTE MESSAGES TRANSFER
  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  // no remote msg


  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  // IDLE TIME:*************************************************************
  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------

  // All scan initialization cost (opening a file, etc.) are
  // added to idle since it does not overlapp with CPU.
  // We cannot add it to blocking since the scan is not a
  // blocking operator.
  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------

  // No idle time
  CostScalar
    idleTimeFR = csZero
    ,idleTimeLR = csZero;

  // the openFile() method really computes all the initial time
  // that it is spent by setting up the DP2 access for a given
  // scan.

  // CPUCOST_SUBSET_OPEN lumps together all the overhead needed
  // to set-up the access to each partition. Thus it is a blocking
  // cost, nothing can overlap with it.
  // Since scans are not blocking, by definition, put the cost
  // in idle time:
  // this is the cost for opening all the partitions but the first partition.
  // The first partition is opened before the ScanOptimizer is called. During
  // opening the first partition, the necessary info on the file is also
  // acquired so it is more expensive and cannot be overlaid.
  //  Root accounts for the cost of opening the first partition of all the tables.

  CostScalar openFileCPU =
    CostPrimitives::getBasicCostFactor(CPUCOST_SUBSET_OPEN_AFTER_FIRST)
    *
    MAXOF(0, (activePartitions.getValue() - 1) );

  idleTimeFR = idleTimeLR =
   openFileCPU * CostPrimitives::getBasicCostFactor(MSCF_ET_CPU);


  firstRow.addToIdleTime(idleTimeFR);
  lastRow.addToIdleTime(idleTimeLR);

  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  // DISK*******************************************************************
  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  // no disk access for scan

  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  // PROBES:          ******************************************************
  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------

  firstRow.setNumProbes(probesPerScan);
  lastRow.setNumProbes(probesPerScan);


} // computeCostVectors(...)

// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
// INPUT:
//      probes: the total probes coming in
//      preds: the predicates to compute the join
//
// OUTPUT:
//      successfuleProbes: those probes that match any data
//      uniqueSuccProbes: those successful probes that do not have duplicates
//      duplicateSuccProbes: successfulProbes - uniqueSuccProbes
//      failedProbes: probes - successfulProbes
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
void
ScanOptimizer::categorizeProbes(CostScalar& successfulProbes /* out */
                                ,CostScalar& uniqueSuccProbes /* out */
                                ,CostScalar& duplicateSuccProbes /* out */
                                ,CostScalar& failedProbes /* out */
                                ,CostScalar& uniqueFailedProbes 
                                ,const CostScalar& probes
                                ,const ValueIdSet& preds
                                ,const Histograms& outerHistograms
                                ,const NABoolean isMDAM
                                ,CostScalar * dataRows
                                ) const
{


  if (outerHistograms.isEmpty())
  {
    successfulProbes = uniqueSuccProbes = probes;
    duplicateSuccProbes = failedProbes = csZero;
    // Patch for Sol.10-031024-0755 (Case 10-031024-9406). When RI
    // constraints were implemented, corresponding histograms, cardinality
    // and costing were forgotten. As a result nested join into referenced
    // table does not pass histogram information to the right child.
    // If the right child does not have histograms in inputLogProp
    // it considers this join as a cross product.
    // This is the second part of the patch. The number of rows to cost was
    // left as 0 in case of empty outputHistograms which is not right if we
    // have a real cross product or do a full scan of the table for each
    // probe. Therefore the cost of index_scan was underestimated and we
    // picking up index scan (containing referenced column) instead of
    // file_scan_unique of primary index or index with referenced column
    // as a key.
    // I changed dataRows to the product of probes and table cardinality.
    if ( CmpCommon::getDefault(COMP_BOOL_35) == DF_OFF )
     *dataRows *= probes;

  }
  else
  {

      // If there are input values we are in a nested join case,
      // else it must be a cartesian product:
      const ValueIdSet& inputValues =
	getRelExpr().getGroupAttr()->getCharacteristicInputs();

      // get this filescan statistics:
      IndexDescHistograms
        joinedHistograms(*getIndexDesc(),
                         getIndexDesc()->getIndexKey().entries() );

      // Since there are input values, apply the join preds
          // to estimate the failed probes:
	// Apply the join predicates to the local statistics:
      const SelectivityHint * selHint = getIndexDesc()->getPrimaryTableDesc()->getSelectivityHint();
      const CardinalityHint * cardHint = getIndexDesc()->getPrimaryTableDesc()->getCardinalityHint();

      joinedHistograms.applyPredicatesWhenMultipleProbes(
                   preds
                   ,*(getContext().getInputLogProp())
                   ,inputValues
                   ,isMDAM
		   ,selHint
		   ,cardHint
                   ,NULL
		   ,REL_SCAN);

      failedProbes = csZero; // assume no probes will fail
      if (NOT inputValues.isEmpty())
	{

        if (NOT preds.isEmpty())
	    {


	      // and compute the failed probes:
	      const ValueIdSet& operatorValues =
		getIndexDesc()->getIndexKey();
	      failedProbes =
		joinedHistograms.computeFailedProbes(outerHistograms
						     ,preds
						     ,inputValues
						     ,operatorValues
						     );
              // odbc unfriendly assertion
	      //DCMPASSERT(probes >= failedProbes);
              // When histograms are ready, remove the block
              // below and uncomment the assertion above.
              if (probes < failedProbes)
                {
                  FSOWARNING("probes < failedProbes");
                  failedProbes = probes;
                }

	    }
	} // if there are input values

      if(dataRows) *dataRows = joinedHistograms.getRowCount();
      // ------------------------------------------------------------------
      // Compute successful probes:
      // -------------------------------------------------------------------
      successfulProbes = probes - failedProbes;
//      successfulProbes.round(); // to make it zero if very small
      successfulProbes.roundIfZero();
//      if (successfulProbes < 0)
//      {
//        FSOWARNING("successfulProbes < 0.");
//        successfulProbes = 0.;
//      }
      successfulProbes.minCsZero();

      // --------------------------------------------------------------
      // Compute unique probes:
      // -------------------------------------------------------------
      // Combine unique entry count of the probes:
      // (assume independance of columns and compute
      // Compute combined UEC of outer histograms):
      CostScalar uniqueEntryCountOfProbes = csOne;
      CostScalar histUEC = csZero;
      for (CollIndex i=0; i < outerHistograms.entries(); i++)
      {
        histUEC = outerHistograms[i].getColStats()
            ->getTotalUec().getCeiling();

        //we use the method EXP_REAL64_OV_MUL to get the product of the first two
	//values passed in and if there occurs a overflow or underflow then
	//"overflow" gets TRUE and the "tempvariable" get junk value, if there
	//is no overflow then "overflow" gets false and the product is stored
	//in tempvariable and later assigned it to uniqueEntryCountOfProbes
	uniqueEntryCountOfProbes *= histUEC;
      }

      //should not be more than # of probes
      if (uniqueEntryCountOfProbes > probes)
        uniqueEntryCountOfProbes = probes;

      //#should not be less than 1
      // if (uniqueEntryCountOfProbes < 1) uniqueEntryCountOfProbes = 1;
      uniqueEntryCountOfProbes.minCsOne();

      // The unique successful probes are the successful
      // fraction of their UEC:
      uniqueSuccProbes =
	MINOF(
	     ((successfulProbes/probes)*uniqueEntryCountOfProbes).getValue(),
	     successfulProbes.getValue());

      uniqueFailedProbes =
           MINOF( ((failedProbes/probes)*uniqueEntryCountOfProbes).getValue(),
		    successfulProbes.getValue() ); 

      // --------------------------------------------------------------
      // Compute successful probes that are duplicates of another
      // successful probe:
      // --------------------------------------------------------------
      duplicateSuccProbes = successfulProbes - uniqueSuccProbes;

  }

} // FileScanOptimizer::categorizeProbes(...)

NABoolean FileScanOptimizer::hasTooManyDisjuncts() const
{
  const Disjuncts &disjuncts = getDisjuncts();
  CollIndex numOfEntries = disjuncts.entries();
  if(numOfEntries > MDAM_MAX_NUM_DISJUNCTS)
    return TRUE;
  else
    return FALSE;
}

// eof
// Implementation of MDAMCostWA methods

MDAMCostWA::MDAMCostWA
(FileScanOptimizer & optimizer,
 NABoolean mdamForced,
 MdamKey *mdamKeyPtr,
 const Cost *costBoundPtr,
 const ValueIdSet & exePreds,
 SimpleCostVector & disjunctsFR,
 SimpleCostVector & disjunctsLR) :
   mdamWon_(FALSE)
  ,noExePreds_(TRUE)
  ,numKBytes_(0)
  ,mdamForced_(mdamForced)
  ,mdamKeyPtr_(mdamKeyPtr)
  ,costBoundPtr_(costBoundPtr)
  ,optimizer_(optimizer)
  ,disjunctsFR_(disjunctsFR)
  ,disjunctsLR_(disjunctsLR)
  ,scmCost_(NULL)
  ,exePreds_(exePreds) //optimizer.getRelExpr().getSelectionPred())
  ,innerRowsUpperBound_( optimizer.getRawInnerHistograms().
			 getRowCount().getCeiling() )
  ,innerBlocksUpperBound_(0)
  ,estimatedRecordsPerBlock_( optimizer.getIndexDesc()->
			      getEstimatedRecordsPerBlock() )
  ,isMultipleProbes_(optimizer.isMultipleProbes())
  ,scanForcePtr_(optimizer.findScanForceWildCard())
  ,incomingProbes_(optimizer.getIncomingProbes())
  ,firstColumnHistogram_( *(optimizer.getIndexDesc()), 1 )
  ,outerHistograms_(optimizer.getContext().getInputLogProp()->getColStats())
  ,disjunctIndex_(0)
  ,disjunctOptRows_(0)
  ,disjunctOptRqsts_(0)
  ,disjunctOptProbesForSubsetBoundaries_(0)
  ,disjunctOptSeeks_(0)
  ,disjunctOptSeqKBRead_(0)
  ,disjunctOptKeyPreds_()
  ,disjunctMdamOK_(FALSE)
  ,disjunctNumLeadingPartPreds_(0)
  ,disjunctFailedProbes_(0)
{}

// This function computes whether MDAM wins over the cost bound
// It sums up cost factors for all disjuncts, calculates the cost
// and compares with the cost bound.
void MDAMCostWA::compute()
{
  if(isMultipleProbes_)
  {
    MDAM_DEBUG0(MTL2, "Mdam scan is multiple probes");
  }
  else {
    incomingProbes_ = 1;
    MDAM_DEBUG0(MTL2, "Mdam scan is a single probe");
  }

  // total stats counters for all disjuncts
  CostScalar
    totalRows // rows
    ,totalRqsts // probes
    ,totalFailedProbes // probes that create empty mdam trees
    ,totalProbesForSubsetBoundaries // probes to get the next subset boundary
    ,totalSeeks // total number of disk arm movements
    ,totalDisjunctPreds // the sum of predicates in all disjuncts
    ,totalSeqKBRead; // total number of blocks that were read sequentially
  CollIndex totalNumLeadingPartPreds = 0;
  CostScalar seqKBytesPerScan;
  ValueIdSet totalKeyPreds;

  // Compute upper bounds:
  computeBlocksUpperBound(innerBlocksUpperBound_ /* out*/
    ,innerRowsUpperBound_ /* in */
    ,estimatedRecordsPerBlock_ /*in*/);

  const CostScalar recordSizeInKb = optimizer_.getIndexDesc()->getRecordSizeInKb();
  const CostScalar blockSizeInKb =
    optimizer_.getIndexDesc()->getBlockSizeInKb();
  NADefaults & defs = ActiveSchemaDB()->getDefaults();
  const CostScalar maxDp2ReadInBlocks =
    CostScalar(defs.getAsULong(DP2_MAX_READ_PER_ACCESS_IN_KB))/
    blockSizeInKb;
  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  //  Loop through every disjunct and:
  //   1 Find the optimal disjunct prefix for the disjunct
  //   2 Compute the sum of the costs of all disjuncts
  //   3 If the cost exceeds the bound, mdam lose and return
  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  for (CollIndex disjunctIndex=0;
       disjunctIndex < mdamKeyPtr_->getKeyDisjunctEntries();
       disjunctIndex++)
    {
      disjunctIndex_ = disjunctIndex;
      computeDisjunct();
      if(NOT disjunctMdamOK_)
	{
	  mdamWon_ = FALSE;
// 	  // invalidate the cache
// 	  disjunctsFR_.reset();
// 	  disjunctsLR_.reset();
          MDAM_DEBUG0(MTL2, "Mdam scan lost because disjunctMdamOK_ is false");
	  return;
	}

      // Sum up the statistics for all the disjuncts costed so far
      totalRows += disjunctOptRows_;
      totalRqsts += disjunctOptRqsts_ +	disjunctOptProbesForSubsetBoundaries_;
      totalSeeks += disjunctOptSeeks_;
      totalSeqKBRead += disjunctOptSeqKBRead_;
      totalKeyPreds.insert(disjunctOptKeyPreds_);
      totalDisjunctPreds += disjunctOptKeyPreds_.entries();
      totalNumLeadingPartPreds += disjunctNumLeadingPartPreds_;
      // This may not be correct,
      // If a probe failes for one disjunct, it may not fail for another
      // Need to investigate after R2.0.
      totalFailedProbes += disjunctFailedProbes_;
      // If we have partitioning key predicates then we will be reading
      // different parts of the partition by different esps.  There will be
      // some seeks going from one esp reading to another.  Assume
      // that we will at least read ahead
      // the normal amount (for now reduce possible seeks by 100).

      // If there is partition predicates in the disjunct key predicates,
      // What would be the effects on the seeks ?
      if (totalNumLeadingPartPreds == mdamKeyPtr_->getKeyDisjunctEntries()
	  AND (totalRows / estimatedRecordsPerBlock_) > maxDp2ReadInBlocks)
	totalSeeks += (totalRows / estimatedRecordsPerBlock_)/
	  maxDp2ReadInBlocks/100;

      // Compute the cost of all the disjuncts analyzed so far:
      if (CmpCommon::getDefault(SIMPLE_COST_MODEL) == DF_ON)
      {
        if (optimizer_.getIndexDesc()->getPrimaryTableDesc()->getNATable()->isHbaseTable())
        {
          // Cost of sending 'probes' to materialize values of prefix key column(s) with 
          // missing predicate(s) should be accounted. For each such probe Hbase Region server
          // returns 1 row. So, totalRqsts (probes) should be added to seeks as well as 
          // rows processed.
          CostScalar totRowsProcessed = totalRows + totalRqsts;
          CostScalar totSeeks = totalSeeks + totalRqsts;
          scmCost_ = optimizer_.scmComputeMDAMCostForHbase(totRowsProcessed, totSeeks, 
                                                           totalSeqKBRead, incomingProbes_);

        }
        else 
        {
	  CostScalar activePartitions = optimizer_.getEstNumActivePartitionsAtRuntime();
	  CostScalar totalRowsInResultTable = (CostScalar)optimizer_.getResultSetCardinality();

	  // Patch for Sol.10-031024-0755 (Case 10-031024-9406).
	  totalRowsInResultTable = MINOF(totalRowsInResultTable,totalRows);

	  CostScalar
	    rowsPerScan = CostScalar(totalRows/activePartitions).getCeiling()
	    ,selectedRowsPerScan =
	    CostScalar(totalRowsInResultTable/activePartitions).getCeiling()
	    ,seeksPerScan = CostScalar(totalSeeks/activePartitions).getCeiling()
	    ,seqKBPerScan = CostScalar(MAXOF(totalSeqKBRead/activePartitions,4.0))
	    ,probesPerScan = CostScalar(incomingProbes_/activePartitions).getCeiling();

	  // Factor in row sizes.
	  CostScalar rowSize = recordSizeInKb * csOneKiloBytes;
	  CostScalar outputRowSize = optimizer_.getRelExpr().getGroupAttr()->getRecordLength();
	  CostScalar rowSizeFactor = optimizer_.scmRowSizeFactor(rowSize);
	  CostScalar outputRowSizeFactor = optimizer_.scmRowSizeFactor(outputRowSize);
	  rowsPerScan *= rowSizeFactor;
	  selectedRowsPerScan *= outputRowSizeFactor;

          CostScalar rowSizeFactorSeqIO = optimizer_.scmRowSizeFactor
                                                       (rowSize, ScanOptimizer::SEQ_IO_ROWSIZE_FACTOR);
          CostScalar rowSizeFactorRandIO = optimizer_.scmRowSizeFactor
                                                       (rowSize, ScanOptimizer::RAND_IO_ROWSIZE_FACTOR);

	  CostScalar ioSeqPerScan = (seqKBPerScan/blockSizeInKb).getCeiling() * rowSizeFactorSeqIO;
	  CostScalar ioRandPerScan = seeksPerScan * rowSizeFactorRandIO;

	  scmCost_ =  
	    optimizer_.scmCost(rowsPerScan, selectedRowsPerScan, csZero, ioRandPerScan, 
                               ioSeqPerScan, probesPerScan, rowSize, csZero, outputRowSize, csZero);
        }

        // scale up mdam cost by factor of NCM_MDAM_COST_ADJ_FACTOR --default is 1
        CostScalar costAdj = (ActiveSchemaDB()->getDefaults()).getAsDouble(NCM_MDAM_COST_ADJ_FACTOR);
        scmCost_->cpScmlr().scaleByValue(costAdj);

	if (costBoundPtr_ != NULL &&
	    costBoundPtr_->scmCompareCosts(*scmCost_) == LESS)
        {
	  mdamWon_ = FALSE;
          MDAM_DEBUG0(MTL2, "Mdam scan lost due to higher cost determined by scmCompareCosts()");
          return;
	}
      }
      else
      {
	disjunctsFR_.reset();
	disjunctsLR_.reset();

	optimizer_.computeCostVectorsForMultipleSubset(disjunctsFR_ /* out */
						       ,disjunctsLR_ /* out */
						       ,seqKBytesPerScan /* out */
						       ,totalRows
						       ,totalRqsts
						       ,totalFailedProbes
						       ,totalSeeks
						       ,totalSeqKBRead
						       ,totalKeyPreds
						       ,exePreds_
						       ,incomingProbes_
						       ,totalDisjunctPreds
						       );

	// checking some adjustments, 
	// Need to introduce some Tunable factor for 100
	if ( (CmpCommon::getDefault(RANGESPEC_TRANSFORMATION) == DF_ON) &&
		(totalRows < CostScalar(100)) ){
			disjunctsFR_ = disjunctsFR_*(totalRows/CostScalar(100));
			disjunctsLR_ = disjunctsLR_*(totalRows/CostScalar(100));
	  }


	if ( optimizer_.exceedsBound(costBoundPtr_, disjunctsFR_, disjunctsLR_) )
        {
	  mdamWon_ = FALSE;
// 	  // invalidate the cache
// 	  disjunctsFR_.reset();
// 	  disjunctsLR_.reset();
          MDAM_DEBUG0(MTL2, "Mdam scan lost due to exceeding cost bound");
          return;
	}
      }
    } // for every disjunct

  // update rows accessed
  optimizer_.setEstRowsAccessed(totalRows);
  mdamWon_ = TRUE;
  numKBytes_ = seqKBytesPerScan;
}

// This function computes the cost factors of a MDAM disjunct
// It computes the members below:
//   disjunctMdamOK_
//   disjunctOptRows_
//   disjunctOptRqsts_
//   disjunctOptProbesForSubsetBoundaries_
//   disjunctOptSeeks_
//   disjunctOptSeqKBRead_
//   disjunctOptKeyPreds_
//   disjunctNumLeadingPartPreds_
//   disjunctFailedProbes_
//   noExePreds_
void MDAMCostWA::computeDisjunct()
{
  // get the key preds for this disjunct:
  NABoolean allKeyPredicates = FALSE;
  ValueIdSet disjunctKeyPreds;
  mdamKeyPtr_->getKeyPredicates(disjunctKeyPreds /*out*/,
			       &allKeyPredicates /*out*/,
			       disjunctIndex_ /*in*/);
  if( NOT (allKeyPredicates) )
    noExePreds_ = FALSE;


  // return with a NULL cost if there are no key predicates
  // "costBoundPtr_ == NULL" means "MDAM is forced"
  if (disjunctKeyPreds.isEmpty() AND costBoundPtr_ != NULL) {
    MDAM_DEBUG0(MTL2, "MDAMCostWA::computeDisjunct(): disjunctKeyPreds is empty"); 
    disjunctMdamOK_ = FALSE;
    return; // full table scan, MDAM is worthless here
  }

  // Tabulate the key predicates using the key columns as the index
  ColumnOrderList keyPredsByCol(optimizer_.getIndexDesc()->getIndexKey());
  mdamKeyPtr_->getKeyPredicatesByColumn(keyPredsByCol,disjunctIndex_);

  MDAM_DEBUG1(MTL2, "Disjunct: %d, keyPredsByCol:", disjunctIndex_);
  MDAM_DEBUGX(MTL2, keyPredsByCol.print());
  MDAM_DEBUG0(MTL2, "disjunctKeyPreds no recomputing");
  MDAM_DEBUGX(MTL2, disjunctKeyPreds.display());

  // compute the optimal prefix and the associated min cost
  MDAMOptimalDisjunctPrefixWA prefixWA(optimizer_,
				       keyPredsByCol,
				       disjunctKeyPreds,
				       exePreds_,
				       outerHistograms_,
				       firstColumnHistogram_,
				       noExePreds_,
				       mdamKeyPtr_,
				       scanForcePtr_,
				       mdamForced_,
				       isMultipleProbes_,
				       incomingProbes_,
				       estimatedRecordsPerBlock_,
				       innerRowsUpperBound_,
				       innerBlocksUpperBound_,
				       disjunctIndex_);

  prefixWA.compute();
  CollIndex stopColumn = prefixWA.getStopColumn();
  disjunctNumLeadingPartPreds_ += prefixWA.getNumLeadingPartPreds();
  disjunctFailedProbes_ = prefixWA.getFailedProbes();
  disjunctOptRows_ = prefixWA.getOptRows();
  disjunctOptRqsts_ = prefixWA.getOptRqsts();
  disjunctOptProbesForSubsetBoundaries_ =
                        prefixWA.getOptProbesForSubsetBoundaries();
  disjunctOptSeeks_ = prefixWA.getOptSeeks();
  disjunctOptSeqKBRead_ = prefixWA.getOptSeqKBRead();
  disjunctOptKeyPreds_ = prefixWA.getOptKeyPreds();
  // Set the stop column for current disjunct:
  mdamKeyPtr_->setStopColumn(disjunctIndex_, stopColumn);

  NABoolean mdamMakeSense = TRUE;
  if (NOT mdamForced_  AND stopColumn == 0) {
    if (keyPredsByCol.getPredicateExpressionPtr(0) == NULL )
      mdamMakeSense = FALSE;
    else if (mdamKeyPtr_->getKeyDisjunctEntries() == 1) {
      // When there is a conflict in single subset, mdam should handle it
      const ColumnOrderList::KeyColumn* currKeyColumn =
	keyPredsByCol.getPredicateExpressionPtr(0);

      NABoolean conflict =
	(    (currKeyColumn->getType() == KeyColumns::KeyColumn:: CONFLICT)
	     OR
	     (currKeyColumn->getType() ==
	      KeyColumns::KeyColumn::CONFLICT_EQUALS)   
	     OR
	     // added for patching (since it is a single disjunct now, but not a conflict)
	     // where a =10 or a=20 or a=30
	     (currKeyColumn->getType() ==
	      KeyColumns::KeyColumn::INLIST) );
      
      if( NOT conflict ) { // single subset should be chosen.
        MDAM_DEBUG0(MTL2, "MDAMCostWA::computeDisjunct(): conflict predicate for single subset, force MDAM off"); 
	mdamMakeSense = FALSE;
      }
    }
  }

  CollIndex noOfmissingKeyColumnsTot = 0;
  CollIndex presentKeyColumnsTot = 0;


  const IndexDesc *idesc = optimizer_.getFileScan().getIndexDesc();
  const ColStatDescList& csdl = idesc->getPrimaryTableDesc()->getTableColStats();
  Histograms hist(csdl);
	 
  Lng32 checkOption = (ActiveSchemaDB()->getDefaults()).getAsLong(MDAM_APPLY_RESTRICTION_CHECK);

  if(CURRSTMT_OPTDEFAULTS->indexEliminationLevel() != OptDefaults::MINIMUM
     && (!mdamForced_)
	 && (CmpCommon::getDefault(RANGESPEC_TRANSFORMATION) == DF_ON )
	 && checkOption >= 1 
	 && (!checkMDAMadditionalRestriction(
                                    keyPredsByCol,
                                    optimizer_.computeLastKeyColumnOfDisjunct(keyPredsByCol),
                                    hist,
                                    (restrictCheckStrategy)checkOption,
                                    noOfmissingKeyColumnsTot,
                                    presentKeyColumnsTot))
   )
  {
        
    MDAM_DEBUG0(MTL2, "MDAMCostWA::computeDisjunct(): MDAM additional restriction check failed"); 
    mdamMakeSense = FALSE;
  }
  disjunctMdamOK_ = mdamMakeSense;
}

NABoolean MDAMCostWA::isMdamWon() const
{
  return mdamWon_;
}

NABoolean MDAMCostWA::hasNoExePreds() const
{
  return noExePreds_;
}

const CostScalar & MDAMCostWA::getNumKBytes() const
{
  return numKBytes_;
}

Cost * MDAMCostWA::getScmCost()
{
  return scmCost_;
}


// Implementation of MDAMOptimalDisjunctPrefixWA methods

MDAMOptimalDisjunctPrefixWA::MDAMOptimalDisjunctPrefixWA
(FileScanOptimizer & optimizer,
 const ColumnOrderList & keyPredsByCol,
 const ValueIdSet & disjunctKeyPreds,
 const ValueIdSet & exePreds,
 const Histograms & outerHistograms,
 IndexDescHistograms & firstColumnHistogram,
 NABoolean & noExePreds,
 MdamKey *mdamKeyPtr,
 const ScanForceWildCard *scanForcePtr,
 NABoolean mdamForced,
 NABoolean isMultipleProbes,
 const CostScalar & incomingProbes,
 const CostScalar & estimatedRecordsPerBlock,
 const CostScalar & innerRowsUpperBound,
 const CostScalar & innerBlocksUpperBound,
 CollIndex disjunctIndex)

 :
  failedProbes_(0)
  ,optRows_(0)
  ,optRqsts_(0)
  ,optRqstsForSubsetBoundaries_(0)
  ,optSeeks_(0)
  ,optSeqKBRead_(0)
  ,optKeyPreds_()
  ,stopColumn_(0)
  ,numLeadingPartPreds_(0)
  ,optimizer_(optimizer)
  ,keyPredsByCol_(keyPredsByCol)
  ,disjunctKeyPreds_(disjunctKeyPreds)
  ,exePreds_(exePreds)
  ,outerHistograms_(outerHistograms)
  ,scanForcePtr_(scanForcePtr)
  ,isMultipleProbes_(isMultipleProbes)
  ,mdamForced_(mdamForced)
  ,incomingProbes_(incomingProbes)
  ,estimatedRecordsPerBlock_(estimatedRecordsPerBlock)
  ,innerRowsUpperBound_(innerRowsUpperBound)
  ,innerBlocksUpperBound_(innerBlocksUpperBound)
  ,disjunctIndex_(disjunctIndex)
  ,firstColumnHistogram_(firstColumnHistogram)
  ,noExePreds_(noExePreds)
  ,mdamKeyPtr_(mdamKeyPtr)
  ,disjunctHistograms_( *(optimizer.getIndexDesc()), 0 )
  ,multiColUecInfoAvail_(disjunctHistograms_.isMultiColUecInfoAvail())
  ,lastColumnPosition_(optimizer.computeLastKeyColumnOfDisjunct(keyPredsByCol))
  ,firstColOverlaps_(FALSE)
  ,prefixSubsets_(csOne) // MDAM subsets
  ,cumulativePrefixSubsets_(csZero)
  ,probeTax_(ActiveSchemaDB()->getDefaults().getAsDouble(MDAM_PROBE_TAX))
  ,prefixSubsetsAsSeeks_(csOne) // MDAM subsets for all probes
  ,prefixRows_(0)
  ,prefixRqsts_(csOne)
  ,prefixRqstsForSubsetBoundaries_(0)
  ,multiProbesDataRows_(0)
  ,prefixSeeks_(0)
  ,prefixKBRead_(0)
  ,prefixKeyPreds_()
  ,keyPredsPtr2Apply2Histograms_(NULL)
  ,prefixColumnPosition_(0)
  ,curPredIsEqual_(FALSE)
  ,prevPredIsEqual_(FALSE)
  // The uec is used as a multiplier. Intialize the ones
  // for the column previous to the very first column
  ,uecForPreviousCol_(csOne)
  ,uecForPreviousColBeforeAppPreds_(csOne)
  ,uecForPrevColForSeeks_(csOne)
  ,firstRound_(TRUE)
  ,crossProductApplied_(FALSE)
  ,prevColChosen_(FALSE)
  ,sumOfUecs_(csOne)
  ,sumOfUecsSoFar_(csOne)
  ,blocksToReadPerUec_(0)
  ,pMinCost_(NULL)
  ,rcAfterApplyFirstKeyPreds_(0)
{}


MDAMOptimalDisjunctPrefixWA::~MDAMOptimalDisjunctPrefixWA()
{
  if(pMinCost_)
    delete pMinCost_;
}

// This method find if there are any intervenning missing key column present 
NABoolean MDAMOptimalDisjunctPrefixWA::missingKeyColumnExists() const
{
   KeyColumns::KeyColumn::KeyColumnType typeOfRange = KeyColumns::KeyColumn::EMPTY;
   CollIndex index = 0;
   for (index = 0; index < keyPredsByCol_.entries(); index++)
   {
     if (keyPredsByCol_.getPredicateExpressionPtr(index) != NULL)
       typeOfRange = keyPredsByCol_.getPredicateExpressionPtr(index)->getType();
     else
       typeOfRange= KeyColumns::KeyColumn::EMPTY;
     if(typeOfRange == KeyColumns::KeyColumn::EMPTY )
       break;
   }
   if( index < (lastColumnPosition_ - 1))
   {
     return TRUE;
   }
   return FALSE;
}

// This function computes the optimal prefix of the disjunct
void MDAMOptimalDisjunctPrefixWA::compute()
{

  CostScalar uniqueProbes = csOne; // dummy var
  // compute the number of failed probes for the disjunct
  computeProbesDisjunct();

  // compute the sum of uecs for all columns
  const ColStatDescList & primaryTableCSDL =
    optimizer_.getIndexDesc()->getPrimaryTableDesc()->getTableColStats();
  const ValueIdList & keyColumns = optimizer_.getIndexDesc()->getIndexKey();
  for (CollIndex colNum = 0; colNum < keyColumns.entries(); colNum++)
    {
      CollIndex indexInList;
      primaryTableCSDL.
	getColStatDescIndexForColumn(indexInList, keyColumns[colNum]);
      sumOfUecs_ += primaryTableCSDL[indexInList]->getColStats()->
	getTotalUec().getCeiling();
    }

  processLeadingColumns();
  prefixColumnPosition_++;
  while (prefixColumnPosition_ < lastColumnPosition_)
    {
      processNonLeadingColumn();
      prefixColumnPosition_++;
    }
}

// This function compute the number of failed probes.
// It has side effects on member failedProbes_
void MDAMOptimalDisjunctPrefixWA::
computeProbesDisjunct()
{
  if (isMultipleProbes_)
    {
      CostScalar
	disSuccProbes
	,disUniSucPrbs       /* dummy */
	,disDupSucPrbs       /* dummy */
	,disFldPrbs          /* dummy */
	,disUniFailedProbes; /* dummy */


      // Compute the RC by applying 1st non-empty key predicate.
      // Any columns before the key column with the key predicate
      // should have no predicates. Do this only if the 1st key predicate
      // is not the same as the current predicate (disjunctKeyPreds_) to process.

      CollIndex keyLength =(optimizer_.getIndexDesc()->getIndexKey()).entries();
      const ValueIdSet divisioningColumns =
           optimizer_.getIndexDesc()->
              getPrimaryTableDesc()->getDivisioningColumns();

      NABoolean sameKeyPreds = FALSE;
      if ( keyLength > 0 && divisioningColumns.entries() > 0 &&
           CmpCommon::getDefault(MTD_GENERATE_CC_PREDS) == DF_ON )
      {
         const ValueIdSet *predsPtr = NULL;
         for (CollIndex i=0; i<keyLength; i++) {
          predsPtr = keyPredsByCol_[i];
          sameKeyPreds = ( disjunctKeyPreds_ == *predsPtr );
          if (predsPtr AND NOT predsPtr->isEmpty() && i>0 && !sameKeyPreds) {
   
            optimizer_.categorizeProbes(disSuccProbes /* out */
              ,disUniSucPrbs                          /* out, not used */
              ,disDupSucPrbs                          /* out, not used */
              ,disFldPrbs                             /* out, not used */
              ,disUniFailedProbes                     /* out, not used */
              ,incomingProbes_
              ,*predsPtr
              ,outerHistograms_
              ,TRUE // this is MDAM!
              ,&rcAfterApplyFirstKeyPreds_ // cache the RC 
              );
   
              break;
           }
         }
      }

      // do the real work to figure out # of probes
      optimizer_.categorizeProbes(disSuccProbes /* out */
	,disUniSucPrbs                          /* out, not used */
	,disDupSucPrbs                          /* out, not used */
	,disFldPrbs                             /* out, not used */
	,disUniFailedProbes                     /* out, not used */
	,incomingProbes_
	,disjunctKeyPreds_
	,outerHistograms_
	,TRUE // this is MDAM!
	,&multiProbesDataRows_
	);

      if ( sameKeyPreds )
        rcAfterApplyFirstKeyPreds_ = multiProbesDataRows_;

      MDAM_DEBUG1(MTL2, "Incoming Probes %f", incomingProbes_.value());
      MDAM_DEBUGX(MTL2, outerHistograms_.print());
      MDAM_DEBUGX(MTL2, disjunctKeyPreds_.display());
      MDAM_DEBUG1(MTL2, "categorizeProbes returns rows: %f",
          multiProbesDataRows_.value());
      failedProbes_ = incomingProbes_ - disSuccProbes;
      DCMPASSERT(failedProbes_ >= csZero);
    }
}

// This function processes the leading columns and initialize the
// optimal prefix. If there is a leading single subset, we include
// the single subset in our optimal prefix.
// It updates the firstColumnHistogram_, computes firstColOverlaps_
// It initializes disjunctHistograms_, prefixKeyPreds_,
// and other memebers related to the current column.
void MDAMOptimalDisjunctPrefixWA::processLeadingColumns()
{
  disjunctHistograms_.appendHistogramForColumnPosition(1);
  // compute whether there is overlap on the first column
  CostScalar firstColRowCntBefore =
      firstColumnHistogram_.getColStatsForColumn
    ( optimizer_.getIndexDesc()->getIndexKey()[0]).getRowcount().getCeiling();
  // Apply first col predicate of the disjunct to first col histogram
  const ValueIdSet *predsPtr = keyPredsByCol_[0];
  if (predsPtr AND NOT predsPtr->isEmpty())
    {
      prefixKeyPreds_.insert(*predsPtr);
      const SelectivityHint * selHint = optimizer_.getIndexDesc()->getPrimaryTableDesc()->getSelectivityHint();
      const CardinalityHint * cardHint = optimizer_.getIndexDesc()->getPrimaryTableDesc()->getCardinalityHint();

      firstColumnHistogram_.applyPredicates(*predsPtr, (Scan &)optimizer_.getRelExpr(), selHint, cardHint, REL_SCAN);
      // accumulate the number of partitioning key predicates
      ValueId predId;
      BiRelat * predIEptr;
      for(predId = predsPtr->init();
	  predsPtr->next(predId);
	  predsPtr->advance(predId))
      {
	ValueIdSet vdset;
	if (predId.getItemExpr()->getArity() == 2)
	{
	  // making change for blocking ITM_OR
	  if (predId.getItemExpr()->getOperatorType() == ITM_OR) 
	  {
	    predId.getItemExpr()->getLeafPredicates(vdset);
	    for (ValueId predId = vdset.init();
		 vdset.next(predId);
		 vdset.advance(predId) )
	    {
	      predIEptr=(BiRelat *)predId.getItemExpr();
	      if (predIEptr->isaPartKeyPred())
	      {
		numLeadingPartPreds_++;		     
	      }
	    }
	  }
	  else
	  {
	    predIEptr=(BiRelat *)predId.getItemExpr();
	    if (predIEptr->isaPartKeyPred())
	    {
	      numLeadingPartPreds_++;
	      break;
	    }
	  }//else
	}
      }
    }
  CostScalar firstColRowCntAfter =
    firstColumnHistogram_.getColStatsForColumn
    (optimizer_.getIndexDesc()->getIndexKey()[0]).getRowcount().getCeiling();

  processSingleSubsetPrefix();

  keyPredsPtr2Apply2Histograms_ = &prefixKeyPreds_;

  applyPredsToHistogram(); // modify prefixRows_

  if (predsPtr==NULL OR predsPtr->isEmpty()) {

    // Adjust prefixRows_ based on the rowcount as a result of applying 
    // the first non-empty key predicate (if any). The value has been 
    // computed by callling ScanOptimizer::categorizeProbes(). The result is
    // stored in ScanOptimizer::rcAfterApplyFirstKeyPreds_;
    CostScalar rc = rcAfterApplyFirstKeyPreds();
    if ( rc.isGreaterThanZero() )
      prefixRows_ = rc;
  }

  firstColOverlaps_ =
    ( (firstColRowCntBefore == firstColRowCntAfter)
    AND
    (disjunctIndex_ > 0)
    AND
    (firstColRowCntAfter == prefixRows_) );

//  firstColOverlaps_ = FALSE;

  computeDensityOfColumn();
  updatePositions(); // may better be decomposed on whether column == 0
  updateStatistics();
  updateMinPrefix();
}

// This function includes the leading single subset to the optimal prefix
// It has side effects on disjunctHistograms_, prefixKeyPreds_,
// prefixSubsets_, disjunctSubSetsAsSeeks_,
// prefixRqstsForSubsetBoundaries_, prefixColumnPosition_,
void MDAMOptimalDisjunctPrefixWA::processSingleSubsetPrefix()
{
  // hasSingleSubset is FALSE iff there is a IN pred in the first column.
  // The subset order is the last column position(0-based) for the subset
  // i.e., consider a table t(A,B,C,D) with pk (A,B,C)
  // for A=1, the order is 0
  // for A=1 AND B=2 AND C=3, the order is 2.
  CollIndex subsetOrder;
  NABoolean hasSingleSubsetPrefix;

  if (CmpCommon::getDefault(RANGESPEC_TRANSFORMATION) == DF_ON )
    hasSingleSubsetPrefix = keyPredsByCol_.getSingleSubsetOrderForMdam(subsetOrder /*out ref*/);
  else
    hasSingleSubsetPrefix = keyPredsByCol_.getSingleSubsetOrder(subsetOrder /*out ref*/);

  if(NOT hasSingleSubsetPrefix)
    return;

  // The loops below starts at 1 because the 0th column has already been added
  for (CollIndex singleSubsetColPosition=1;
       singleSubsetColPosition <= subsetOrder;
       singleSubsetColPosition++)
  {
    disjunctHistograms_.appendHistogramForColumnPosition(singleSubsetColPosition+1);

    const ValueIdSet *predsPtr = keyPredsByCol_[singleSubsetColPosition];
    if (predsPtr AND NOT predsPtr->isEmpty())
      prefixKeyPreds_.insert(*predsPtr);
  }

  // A single subset prefix has only one positioning by definition:
  // These are the subsets that each probe is going to read
  // The subsets cannot be higher that the number of rows in the raw table
  prefixSubsets_ = MINOF(1.0, innerRowsUpperBound_.getValue());
  prefixSubsetsAsSeeks_ = prefixSubsets_;
  // Since this is a single subset, no boundary probes are necessary:
  prefixRqstsForSubsetBoundaries_ = csZero;

  prefixColumnPosition_ = subsetOrder;
}

// This function is called in a loop to scan each column for the optimal
// disjunct prefix.  Assume processLeadingColumn() is called before to
// initialize the optimal prefix.
// It has side effects on disjunctHistograms_, dijunctKeyPreds_,
// and other members that keeps track of the current column.
void MDAMOptimalDisjunctPrefixWA::processNonLeadingColumn()
{
  // Because of a VEG predicate can contain more than one
  // predicate encoded, add histograms incrementally so that
  // the reduction of a VEG predicate for a later column
  // than the current column position does not affect the
  // distribution of the current column.
  // Note that the append method receives a one-based column position,
  // so add one to the prefix because the prefix is zero based:
  disjunctHistograms_.
    appendHistogramForColumnPosition(prefixColumnPosition_+1);

  const ValueIdSet *predsPtr = keyPredsByCol_[prefixColumnPosition_];

  keyPredsPtr2Apply2Histograms_ = predsPtr;

  if( predsPtr AND NOT predsPtr->isEmpty() ) {
       // accumulate them in the pred set:
    prefixKeyPreds_.insert(*predsPtr);
  }
  // $$$ if the column is of type IN list, then
  // $$$ the uec should be equal to the IN list entries
  // $$$ times the previous UEC
  // $$$ If the hists can handle IN lists then
  // $$$ the next line is correct.
              
  MDAM_DEBUG1(MTL2, "processNonLeadingColumn(), prefixCOlumnPosition_-1: %d:", prefixColumnPosition_-1);

  const ColStats& colStats = disjunctHistograms_.getColStatsForColumn
    ( optimizer_.getIndexDesc()->getIndexKey()[prefixColumnPosition_-1] );

  MDAM_DEBUGX(MTL2, colStats.print());

  uecForPreviousCol_ = colStats.getTotalUec().getCeiling();

  MDAM_DEBUG1(MTL2, "processNonLeadingColumn(), total UEC, uecForPreviousCol_: %f:", uecForPreviousCol_.value());
      

  CostScalar estimatedUec = csOne;

  if(multiColUecInfoAvail_ AND
     uecForPreviousCol_.isGreaterThanOne() AND
     prefixColumnPosition_ > 1 AND
     disjunctHistograms_.
     estimateUecUsingMultiColUec(keyPredsByCol_, /*in*/
				 prefixColumnPosition_ - 1, /*in*/
				 estimatedUec /*out*/))
    {

      uecForPreviousCol_ = MIN_ONE(
	(uecForPreviousCol_ / uecForPreviousColBeforeAppPreds_)
	*estimatedUec);

      MDAM_DEBUG1(MTL2, "processNonLeadingColumn(), MC uec : %f:", estimatedUec.value());
      MDAM_DEBUG1(MTL2, "processNonLeadingColumn(), modify by MC uec, uecForPreviousCol_: %f:", uecForPreviousCol_.value());

      uecForPreviousColBeforeAppPreds_ = estimatedUec;
    }
  sumOfUecsSoFar_ += uecForPreviousColBeforeAppPreds_;
  uecForPrevColForSeeks_ = uecForPreviousCol_;
  // compute number of blocks per uec of previous columns. to be used when "if" condition just below
  // is true
  CostScalar uecPerBlock = uecForPreviousColBeforeAppPreds_
    / blocksToReadPerUec_;

  // what is this formula?
  // The following formula was added so that we do not count every
  // subset as a seek. For example let's say that so far we have
  // computed 200 blocks for 20 subsets then so far each subset
  // would access 10 blocks. Now if the next column has 20 uecs
  // a naive algorithm would increase the subset by a factor of
  // 20 and we would have 400 subsets equivalent to 400 seeks.
  // But in reality these 20 uecs are going to create seeks in the
  // 10 blocks so we know that it cannot create more than 10 seeks
  // we further more reduce it by the location of the column and how
  // "together" each of these seeks are.
  /*****
  if( uecForPrevColForSeeks_.isGreaterThanOne() AND
      uecPerBlock.isGreaterThanOne())
    {
      // This limits the multiplication of uec due to the new column to be no
      // more than the number of blocks per uec of previous columns.
      uecForPrevColForSeeks_ = uecPerBlock;
      // This further reduces the multiplication of uec considering the caching effects
      // of DP2 read-ahead. The higher is the column, the more effects is there.
      CostScalar reductionFactor =
	       MAXOF( (sumOfUecs_ - sumOfUecsSoFar_)/sumOfUecs_,
	               1.0/CURRSTMT_OPTDEFAULTS->readAheadMaxBlocks()
		    );

       // don't consider read ahead cache benefit, it unduly favor mdam plans 
       //uecForPrevColForSeeks_ = MIN_ONE(  uecForPrevColForSeeks_ * reductionFactor);
    }
  else if (uecForPrevColForSeeks_.isGreaterThanOne())
    {
      CostScalar reductionFactor =
	       MAXOF( (sumOfUecs_ - sumOfUecsSoFar_)/sumOfUecs_,
	               1.0/CURRSTMT_OPTDEFAULTS->readAheadMaxBlocks()
		    );

       // don't consider read ahead cache benefit, it unduly favor mdam plans 
       //uecForPrevColForSeeks_ = MIN_ONE( uecForPrevColForSeeks_ * reductionFactor);
    }
  *****/
  applyPredsToHistogram();
  computeDensityOfColumn();
  updatePositions();
  updateStatistics();
  updateMinPrefix();
}

// This function applies predicates to the disjunctHistograms_
// member. It has side effects on members
// crossProductApplied_, prefixRows_, disjunctHistograms_,
// prevPredIsEqual_, currPredIsEqual_
void MDAMOptimalDisjunctPrefixWA::applyPredsToHistogram()
{
  NABoolean getRowCount = TRUE;
  uecForPreviousColBeforeAppPreds_ = disjunctHistograms_.
    getColStatsForColumn(optimizer_.getIndexDesc()->
			 getIndexKey()[prefixColumnPosition_]).
    getTotalUec().getCeiling();
  const ValueIdSet * predsPtr = keyPredsPtr2Apply2Histograms_;
  if ( predsPtr AND
       (NOT predsPtr->isEmpty())
       )
    {
      const SelectivityHint * selHint = optimizer_.getIndexDesc()->getPrimaryTableDesc()->getSelectivityHint();
      const CardinalityHint * cardHint = optimizer_.getIndexDesc()->getPrimaryTableDesc()->getCardinalityHint();

      MDAM_DEBUG0(MTL2, "Applying predicates to disjunct histograms");
      MDAM_DEBUGX(MTL2, predsPtr->print());
      if (NOT crossProductApplied_
	  AND
	  isMultipleProbes_)
	{
	  MDAM_DEBUG0(MTL2, "Applying cross product");
	  // If this is multiple probes, we need to use joined histograms to
	  // estimate the cost factors (rows, uecs)
	  // Therefore, apply the cross product to the disjunctHistograms only once.
	  // Use the disjunctHistograms as normal after cross product is applied.
	  // ??? It seems that we need do the cross product even though there
	  // ??? is no pred on the current column. This is not being done?
	  crossProductApplied_ = TRUE;
	  if(prefixColumnPosition_ == lastColumnPosition_ - 1)
	    {
	      // If the column is the last key column, we can skip this
	      // by using the data rows already computed.
	      // ??? uec would not be affected?
	      // ??? if the join is on a non-key column, and there is no correlation
	      // ??? from the join column to the current column, this would be true
	      // ??? What about other cases.
	      getRowCount = FALSE;
	      prefixRows_ = multiProbesDataRows_;
	      MDAM_DEBUG1(MTL2, "prefixRows_ comes from outerHist: %f",
                          prefixRows_.value());
	    }else
	  {
	      disjunctHistograms_.
		applyPredicatesWhenMultipleProbes(
		  *predsPtr
		  ,*(optimizer_.getContext().getInputLogProp())
		  ,optimizer_.getRelExpr().getGroupAttr()->
		  getCharacteristicInputs()
		  ,TRUE // doing MDAM!
		  ,selHint
		  ,cardHint
		  ,NULL
		  ,REL_SCAN);
	    }
	}
      else
	disjunctHistograms_.applyPredicates(*predsPtr, (Scan &)optimizer_.getRelExpr(), selHint, cardHint, REL_SCAN);
    }

  prevPredIsEqual_ = curPredIsEqual_;

  // compute curPredIsEqual_ for the current column
  if (keyPredsByCol_.getPredicateExpressionPtr(prefixColumnPosition_) AND
      (keyPredsByCol_.getPredicateExpressionPtr(prefixColumnPosition_)->
       getType()==KeyColumns::KeyColumn::CONFLICT_EQUALS OR
       keyPredsByCol_.getPredicateExpressionPtr(prefixColumnPosition_)->
       getType()== KeyColumns::KeyColumn::EQUAL))
  {
    curPredIsEqual_ = TRUE;
  }
  else{
    curPredIsEqual_ = FALSE;
  }
  if(getRowCount){
    prefixRows_ = disjunctHistograms_.getRowCount();
    MDAM_DEBUG1(MTL2, "prefixRows_ comes from disjunctHist: %f", prefixRows_.value());
  }
}

// This function computes whether the column being scaned is dense or
// sparse. It has side effects on memebers *mdamKeyPtr_
void MDAMOptimalDisjunctPrefixWA::computeDensityOfColumn()
{
  // Sparse dense force flags:
  NABoolean sparseForced = FALSE;
  NABoolean denseForced = FALSE;

  // Check if scan is being forced
  // if so check if density is forced too
  if (scanForcePtr_ && mdamForced_)
    {
      sparseForced =
	((scanForcePtr_->getEnumAlgorithmForColumn(prefixColumnPosition_)
	  == ScanForceWildCard::COLUMN_SPARSE)
	 ? TRUE : FALSE);
      denseForced =
	((scanForcePtr_->getEnumAlgorithmForColumn(prefixColumnPosition_)
	  == ScanForceWildCard::COLUMN_DENSE)
	 ? TRUE : FALSE);
    }

  if (sparseForced OR denseForced)
    {
      if (sparseForced)
	mdamKeyPtr_->setColumnToSparse(prefixColumnPosition_);
      else if (denseForced)
	mdamKeyPtr_->setColumnToDense(prefixColumnPosition_);
    }
  else
    {
      // Sparse/dense was not forced, calculate it from histograms
      // With single col. histograms we can only do
      // a good job estimating this for the first column
      if (prefixColumnPosition_ == 0)
	{
	  // why not use firstColHistogram ?
	  const ColStats & firstColumnColStats =
	    disjunctHistograms_.
	    getColStatsForColumn(optimizer_.getIndexDesc()->getIndexKey()[0]);
	  // may want to put the threshold in the defaults table:
	  const CostScalar DENSE_THRESHOLD = 0.90;
	  const CostScalar density =
	    (firstColumnColStats.getTotalUec().getCeiling()) /
	    ( firstColumnColStats.getMaxValue().getDblValue()
	      - firstColumnColStats.getMinValue().getDblValue()
	      + 1.0 );
	  if ( density > DENSE_THRESHOLD )
	    // It is dense!!!
	    mdamKeyPtr_->setColumnToDense(prefixColumnPosition_);
	  else
	    // It is sparse!!!
	    mdamKeyPtr_->setColumnToSparse(prefixColumnPosition_);
	} // if order == 0
      else
	// order > 0, always sparse
	mdamKeyPtr_->setColumnToSparse(prefixColumnPosition_);
    } // dense/sparse not forced
}

// This function updates the subset and seek counts cost factors
// for the current prefix. It has side effects on members prefixSubsets_,
// prefixSubsetsAsSeeks_, prefixRqstsForSubsetBoundaries_
void MDAMOptimalDisjunctPrefixWA::updatePositions()
{
  // Note that there cannot be more positionings and more
  // subsets than there are rows in the table

  MDAM_DEBUG1(MTL2, "updatePositions() entered, prefixColumnPosition_: %d:", prefixColumnPosition_);

  // The positionings include probing for the next subset
  if (prefixColumnPosition_ == 0)
    {
      prefixSubsets_ =
	MINOF(innerRowsUpperBound_.getValue(),
	      uecForPreviousCol_.getValue());
      prefixSubsetsAsSeeks_ = prefixSubsets_;
      prefixRqstsForSubsetBoundaries_ = csZero;

      MDAM_DEBUG1(MTL2, "updatePositions(), prefixSubsets_ set: %f:", prefixSubsets_.value());
      MDAM_DEBUG1(MTL2, "updatePositions(), uecForPreviousCol_: %f:", uecForPreviousCol_.value());
    }
  else
    {
      // Do not add subsets for the first column
      // (i.e. we are in order 1) if we already added them
      // in a previous subset:
      if ( (prefixColumnPosition_ == 1 AND NOT firstColOverlaps_ )
	   OR
	   prefixColumnPosition_ > 1)
	{
	  // the UEC for the previous column
	  // may be zero (if the table was empty
	  // or all the rows are eliminated after
	  // preds were applied.) In this
	  // case, don't multiply:
	  if (uecForPreviousCol_.isGreaterThanZero())
	    {
              MDAM_DEBUG1(MTL2, "updatePositions(), prefixSubsets_ before change: %f:", prefixSubsets_.value());
              MDAM_DEBUG1(MTL2, "updatePositions(), uecForPreviousCol_: %f:", uecForPreviousCol_.value());

              prefixSubsets_ *= uecForPreviousCol_;
              MDAM_DEBUG1(MTL2, "updatePositions(), updated prefixSubsets_ after change: %f:", prefixSubsets_.value());

	      prefixSubsets_ =
		MINOF(innerRowsUpperBound_.getValue(),
		      prefixSubsets_.getValue());

              MDAM_DEBUG1(MTL2, "updatePositions(), updated prefixSubsets_ bounded: %f:", prefixSubsets_.value());
	    }
	  if( uecForPrevColForSeeks_.isGreaterThanZero())
	    {
	      prefixSubsetsAsSeeks_ *= uecForPrevColForSeeks_;
	      prefixSubsetsAsSeeks_ =
	        MINOF(innerRowsUpperBound_.getValue(),
	              prefixSubsetsAsSeeks_.getValue());
	    }

	  // If the previous column is sparse, then for each subset
	  // we need to make an extra probe to find the subset
	  // boundary IF we are not in the second column
	  // and the first column overlaps:
	  if  (mdamKeyPtr_->isColumnSparse(prefixColumnPosition_-1))
	    {
	      if (NOT prefixRqstsForSubsetBoundaries_.isGreaterThanZero() )
		{
		  prefixRqstsForSubsetBoundaries_ = csOne;
		}
	      prefixRqstsForSubsetBoundaries_ *= uecForPreviousCol_;
	      prefixRqstsForSubsetBoundaries_ =
		MINOF(innerRowsUpperBound_.getValue(),
		      prefixRqstsForSubsetBoundaries_.getValue());
	    }
	} // non-overlapping
    }  // prefixColumnPosition > 0
}

// This function updates cost factors for the current prefix
// It has side effects on members prefixRqsts_,
// blocksToReadPerUec_, prefixSeeks_, prefixKBRead_
void MDAMOptimalDisjunctPrefixWA::updateStatistics()
{
  // the subsets requests are issued for every probe:
  CostScalar effectiveProbes =
    incomingProbes_ - failedProbes_;
  prefixRqsts_ = prefixSubsets_ * effectiveProbes;

    // --------------------------------------------------------------
  // A successful request is equivalent to a successful probe
  // in the SearchKey case (single subset), thus we need
  // the rows per successful request, which we compute
  // below.
  // --------------------------------------------------------------

  CostScalar subsetsPerBlock = csOne;
  CostScalar rowsPerSubset = csZero;

  if( NOT prefixRqsts_.isLessThanOne() AND
       prefixRows_.isGreaterThanZero())
  {
     rowsPerSubset = prefixRows_ / prefixRqsts_;
     subsetsPerBlock = estimatedRecordsPerBlock_ / rowsPerSubset;
  } // if condition is FALSE we don't change these values

  // ------------------------------------------------------------
  // Compute seqKBRead and seeks for this disjunct
  // The i/o is computed in a per-probe basis (thus the
  // use of disjunctSubsets instead of disjunctRequests).
  // It will be scaled up to number of probes below.
  // -------------------------------------------------------------
  // Get the blocks read per probe:
  CostScalar disjunctBlocksToRead;
  computeTotalBlocksLowerBound(disjunctBlocksToRead /*out*/
			       ,prefixSubsetsAsSeeks_
			       ,rowsPerSubset
			       ,estimatedRecordsPerBlock_
			       ,innerBlocksUpperBound_);
  // prefixSubsets_ is the uec
  blocksToReadPerUec_ = MIN_ONE(disjunctBlocksToRead / prefixSubsets_);
  CostScalar beginBlocksLowerBound;
  computeBeginBlocksLowerBound(beginBlocksLowerBound /*out*/
      ,MINOF(  (prefixSubsetsAsSeeks_ /subsetsPerBlock).getCeiling(),
	       prefixSubsetsAsSeeks_.getValue()  )
      ,innerBlocksUpperBound_);

  // disjunctSubsets + prefixRqstsForSubsetBoundaries are basically
  // the number of requests to all the appropriate values.
  // Thus can be used to compute the number of index blocks
  // that will be used in for MDAM access.
  CostScalar indexBlocksLowerBound = optimizer_.getIndexDesc()->
    getEstimatedIndexBlocksLowerBound(
	  MINOF(  (  (prefixSubsets_ + prefixRqstsForSubsetBoundaries_)
		     /subsetsPerBlock).getCeiling(),
		  prefixSubsets_.getValue()  )  );
  // Assume that every disjunct does not overlap
  // with the previous. Since we computed all
  // rows to read (and not a lower bound),
  // the following routine will compute
  // the correct cost, despite its name.
  optimizer_.computeIOForFullCacheBenefit(prefixSeeks_ /* out */
      ,prefixKBRead_ /* out */
      ,beginBlocksLowerBound
      ,disjunctBlocksToRead
      ,indexBlocksLowerBound);

  // -------------------------------------------------------------
  // The total cost for the disjunct is the cost of all
  // the probes times the cost for this disjunct:
  // -------------------------------------------------------------
  NABoolean changeBack = FALSE;
  if((prefixSeeks_ - beginBlocksLowerBound).getValue()>=5)
    {
      changeBack = TRUE;
      prefixSeeks_ -= 5;
      prefixKBRead_ = prefixKBRead_ - CostScalar(5)
	* optimizer_.getIndexDesc()->getBlockSizeInKb();
    }

  prefixSeeks_ *= effectiveProbes;
  prefixKBRead_ *= effectiveProbes;

  if(changeBack)
    {
      prefixSeeks_ += 5;
      prefixKBRead_ += CostScalar(5)
	* optimizer_.getIndexDesc()->getBlockSizeInKb();
    }
}

// This function updatess the optimal prefix cost found so far
// It has side effects on members optRows_, optRqsts_,
// optRqstsForSubsetBoundaries_, optSeeks_, optSeqKBRead_, optKeyPreds_,
// stopColumn_, prevColChosen_, noExePreds_, prevPredIsEqual, curPredIsEqual_
void MDAMOptimalDisjunctPrefixWA::updateMinPrefix()
{
  SimpleCostVector prefixFR, prefixLR;
  CostScalar seqKBytesPerScan;
  Cost *scmCost = NULL;

  cumulativePrefixSubsets_ += prefixSubsets_;

  MDAM_DEBUG2(MTL2, "Disjunct: %d, Prefix Column: %d", disjunctIndex_, prefixColumnPosition_);
  MDAM_DEBUG1(MTL2, "Incoming Probes: %f:", incomingProbes_.value());
  MDAM_DEBUG1(MTL2, "Disjunct Failed Probes: %f:", failedProbes_.value());
  MDAM_DEBUG1(MTL2, "Prefix Subsets: %f:", prefixSubsets_.value());
  MDAM_DEBUG1(MTL2, "Cumulative Prefix Subsets: %f:", cumulativePrefixSubsets_.value());
  MDAM_DEBUG1(MTL2, "Prefix Requests (probes * Subsets): %f:", prefixRqsts_.value());
  MDAM_DEBUG1(MTL2, "Prefix Rows: %f:", prefixRows_.value());
  MDAM_DEBUG1(MTL2, "Prefix Seeks %f:", prefixSeeks_.value());
  MDAM_DEBUG1(MTL2, "Prefix KB Read: %f:", prefixKBRead_.value());

  if (CmpCommon::getDefault(SIMPLE_COST_MODEL) == DF_ON)
  {
    // Factor in row sizes.
    CostScalar rowSize = optimizer_.getIndexDesc()->getRecordSizeInKb() * csOneKiloBytes;
    CostScalar outputRowSize = optimizer_.getRelExpr().getGroupAttr()->getRecordLength();

    CostScalar rowSizeFactor = optimizer_.scmRowSizeFactor(rowSize);
    CostScalar outputRowSizeFactor = optimizer_.scmRowSizeFactor(outputRowSize);

    // adding cumulativePrefixSubsets_ represents the row handling costs of the probes of
    // the MDAM algorithm as it traverses over key columns; the algorithm is recursive
    // and thus has cumulative costs
    CostScalar scmPrefixRows = (prefixRows_ + (cumulativePrefixSubsets_ * probeTax_)) * rowSizeFactor;
    CostScalar scmPrefixOutputRows = prefixRows_ * outputRowSizeFactor;

    CostScalar rowSizeFactorSeqIO = optimizer_.scmRowSizeFactor(rowSize, 
                                    ScanOptimizer::SEQ_IO_ROWSIZE_FACTOR);
    CostScalar rowSizeFactorRandIO = optimizer_.scmRowSizeFactor(rowSize,
                                    ScanOptimizer::RAND_IO_ROWSIZE_FACTOR);

    CostScalar scmPrefixIOSeq = (prefixKBRead_/optimizer_.getIndexDesc()->getBlockSizeInKb()).getCeiling() * rowSizeFactorSeqIO;
    CostScalar scmPrefixIORand = prefixSeeks_ * rowSizeFactorRandIO;


    // factor in the # of partitions (scm compares at the 
    // per-partition base)
    CostScalar numActivePartitions;
    if (CmpCommon::getDefault(NCM_HBASE_COSTING) == DF_ON)
      numActivePartitions  = 
        optimizer_.getEstNumActivePartitionsAtRuntimeForHbaseRegions();
     else
       numActivePartitions = optimizer_.getEstNumActivePartitionsAtRuntime();

    scmPrefixRows /= numActivePartitions;
    scmPrefixOutputRows /= numActivePartitions;
    scmPrefixIORand /= numActivePartitions;
    scmPrefixIOSeq /= numActivePartitions;

    scmCost =  
      optimizer_.scmCost(scmPrefixRows, scmPrefixOutputRows, csZero, scmPrefixIORand, 
                         scmPrefixIOSeq, incomingProbes_, rowSize, csZero, outputRowSize, csZero);

    MDAM_DEBUG1(MTL2, "  Inputs to NCM cost for prefix: incomingProbes_: %f:", incomingProbes_.value());
    MDAM_DEBUG1(MTL2, "  scmPrefixRows: %f:", scmPrefixRows.value());
    MDAM_DEBUG1(MTL2, "  scmPrefixOutputRows: %f:", scmPrefixOutputRows.value());
    MDAM_DEBUG1(MTL2, "  scmPrefixIORand: %f:", scmPrefixIORand.value());
    MDAM_DEBUG1(MTL2, "  scmPrefixIOSeq: %f:", scmPrefixIOSeq.value());

    MDAM_DEBUG1(MTL2, "NCM cost for prefix: %f:", scmCost->convertToElapsedTime(NULL).value());
  }
  else
  {
    optimizer_.computeCostVectorsForMultipleSubset
      (prefixFR /*out*/
       ,prefixLR /*out*/
       ,seqKBytesPerScan /*out unused*/
       ,prefixRows_
       ,prefixRqsts_ + prefixRqstsForSubsetBoundaries_
       ,failedProbes_
       ,prefixSeeks_
       ,prefixKBRead_
       ,prefixKeyPreds_
       ,exePreds_
       ,incomingProbes_
       ,CostScalar(prefixKeyPreds_.entries())
       );
  }

  // Does the prefix exceeds the minimum prefix cost:
  // If MDAM is forced then the user can specify
  // up to which key column predicates will be included
  // in the mdam key. If the user does not specify the
  // column and MDAM is forced, all of the key predicates
  // in the disjunct are included in the mdam key.

  NABoolean newMinimumFound = FALSE;
  NABoolean proceedViaCosting = TRUE;

  if (scanForcePtr_ && mdamForced_)
    {
      proceedViaCosting = FALSE;
      if(noExePreds_ AND
	 scanForcePtr_->getNumMdamColumns() < lastColumnPosition_)
	noExePreds_ = FALSE;
      if (prefixColumnPosition_ < scanForcePtr_->getNumMdamColumns())
	{
	  // The user wants this column as part of the mdam key,
	  // so pretend that the cost is lower when the column is added
	  newMinimumFound = TRUE;
	}
      else
	{
	  if (scanForcePtr_->getMdamColumnsStatus()
	      == ScanForceWildCard::MDAM_COLUMNS_ALL)
	    {
	      // Unconditionally force all of the columns:
	      newMinimumFound = TRUE;
	    }
	  else if (scanForcePtr_->getMdamColumnsStatus()
		   == ScanForceWildCard::MDAM_COLUMNS_NO_MORE)
	    {
	      // Unconditionally reject this and later columns:
	      newMinimumFound = FALSE;
	      prevPredIsEqual_ = FALSE; // ?
	      curPredIsEqual_ = FALSE; // ?
	    }
	  else if (scanForcePtr_->getMdamColumnsStatus()
		   ==
		   ScanForceWildCard::MDAM_COLUMNS_REST_BY_SYSTEM)
	    {
	      // Let the system decide based on costing:
	      proceedViaCosting = TRUE;
	    }
	}
    } // if scanForcePtr

  MDAM_DEBUGX(MTL2,
    MdamTrace::printBasicCost(&optimizer_, prefixFR, prefixLR, "Cost for prefix in updateMinPrefix():"));
  if (proceedViaCosting)
    {
      // Mdam has not been forced, or forced but with the choice
      // of system decision for MDAM column. proceed with costing:
      if (CmpCommon::getDefault(SIMPLE_COST_MODEL) == DF_ON)
      {
	DCMPASSERT(scmCost != NULL);
   
        newMinimumFound = (pMinCost_ == NULL) ? TRUE :
            (scmCost->scmCompareCosts(*pMinCost_) == LESS);
      }
      else
      {
	newMinimumFound =
	  NOT optimizer_.exceedsBound(pMinCost_,
				      prefixFR
				      ,prefixLR);
      }
    }

  // If it is the first time we go around this
  // loop update the minimum.
  // Also updated if the current minimum exceeded
  // the current prefix:

  // If the previous column is chosen and the predicate
  // on the previous column is equal predicate and there is a predicate
  // on the current column, unconditionally include the current column
  // because it is going to reduce the amount of data accessed.
  if (firstRound_
      OR newMinimumFound
      OR (prevColChosen_
	  AND keyPredsByCol_[prefixColumnPosition_]
	  AND NOT prefixKeyPreds_.isEmpty()
	  AND prevPredIsEqual_))
    {
      // We found a new minimum, initialize its data:
      firstRound_ = FALSE;
      optRows_ = prefixRows_;
      optRqsts_ = prefixRqsts_;

      MDAM_DEBUG1(MTL2, "<<<<<Update optRqsts_ as %f\n", prefixRqsts_.value());
      MDAM_DEBUG1(MTL2, "prefixColumnPosition_ =%d\n", prefixColumnPosition_);
      MDAM_DEBUG1(MTL2, "newMinimumFound=%d\n", newMinimumFound);

      optRqstsForSubsetBoundaries_ = prefixRqstsForSubsetBoundaries_;
      optSeeks_ = prefixSeeks_;
      optSeqKBRead_ = prefixKBRead_;
      optKeyPreds_.insert(prefixKeyPreds_); // is a copy more efficient?

      stopColumn_ = prefixColumnPosition_;

      prevColChosen_ = TRUE;

      delete pMinCost_;
      if (CmpCommon::getDefault(SIMPLE_COST_MODEL) == DF_ON)
	pMinCost_ = scmCost;
      else
	pMinCost_ = optimizer_.computeCostObject(prefixFR,prefixLR);
      DCMPASSERT(pMinCost_ != NULL);

    } // update minimum prefix
  else if (proceedViaCosting AND NOT newMinimumFound) {
    if(prefixColumnPosition_ == lastColumnPosition_ - 1)
      {//we have reached the lastcolumnPosition and its cost
	//was exceeded for the lastcolumn so
	//there will be additional exepreds
	noExePreds_ = FALSE;
      }
    else  //  This is not the last column and it wasn't chosen
      prevColChosen_ = FALSE;
  }
}


CollIndex MDAMOptimalDisjunctPrefixWA::getStopColumn() const
{ return stopColumn_; }

CollIndex MDAMOptimalDisjunctPrefixWA::getNumLeadingPartPreds() const
{ return numLeadingPartPreds_; }

const CostScalar & MDAMOptimalDisjunctPrefixWA::getOptRows() const
{ return optRows_; }

const CostScalar & MDAMOptimalDisjunctPrefixWA::getOptRqsts() const
{ return optRqsts_; }

const CostScalar & MDAMOptimalDisjunctPrefixWA::getFailedProbes() const
{ return failedProbes_; }

const CostScalar &
MDAMOptimalDisjunctPrefixWA::getOptProbesForSubsetBoundaries() const
{ return optRqstsForSubsetBoundaries_; }

const CostScalar & MDAMOptimalDisjunctPrefixWA::getOptSeeks() const
{ return optSeeks_; }

const CostScalar & MDAMOptimalDisjunctPrefixWA::getOptSeqKBRead() const
{ return optSeqKBRead_; }

const ValueIdSet & MDAMOptimalDisjunctPrefixWA::getOptKeyPreds() const
{ return optKeyPreds_; }


// ZZZZZ New MDAM costing code goes here

NewMDAMCostWA::NewMDAMCostWA
(FileScanOptimizer & optimizer,
 NABoolean mdamForced,
 MdamKey *mdamKeyPtr,
 const Cost *costBoundPtr,
 const ValueIdSet & exePreds,
 const CostScalar & singleSubsetSize) :
   mdamWon_(FALSE)
  ,noExePreds_(TRUE)
  ,numKBytes_(0)
  ,scmCost_(NULL)
  ,mdamForced_(mdamForced)
  ,mdamKeyPtr_(mdamKeyPtr)
  ,costBoundPtr_(costBoundPtr)
  ,optimizer_(optimizer)
  ,singleSubsetSize_(singleSubsetSize)
  ,isMultipleScanProbes_(optimizer.isMultipleProbes())
  ,incomingScanProbes_(optimizer.getIncomingProbes())
  ,disjunctMdamOK_(FALSE)

  ,innerRowsUpperBound_( optimizer.getRawInnerHistograms().
			 getRowCount().getCeiling() )
  ,innerBlocksUpperBound_(0) // initialized below
  ,estimatedRowsPerBlock_( optimizer.getIndexDesc()->
			      getEstimatedRecordsPerBlock() )
  ,disjunctIndex_(0)

  ,exePreds_(exePreds) //optimizer.getRelExpr().getSelectionPred())
  ,scanForcePtr_(optimizer.findScanForceWildCard())
  ,outerHistograms_(optimizer.getContext().getInputLogProp()->getColStats())
{
  // Compute inner blocks upper bound
  computeBlocksUpperBound(innerBlocksUpperBound_ /* out*/
    ,innerRowsUpperBound_ /* in */
    ,estimatedRowsPerBlock_ /*in*/);
}


// This function computes whether MDAM wins over the cost bound
// It sums up cost factors for all disjuncts, calculates the cost
// and compares with the cost bound.
void NewMDAMCostWA::compute()
{
  if (isMultipleScanProbes_)
  {
    MDAM_DEBUG0(MTL2, "Mdam scan is multiple probes");
  }
  else 
  {
    incomingScanProbes_ = 1;
    MDAM_DEBUG0(MTL2, "Mdam scan is a single probe");
  }

  // the next few variables are sums over the set of disjuncts; all of these
  // are actually upper bounds
  CostScalar sumMDAMFetchRows;    // sum of rows fetched by MDAM key predicates
  CostScalar sumMDAMProbeRows;    // sum of rows returned on MDAM probes
  CostScalar sumMDAMFetchSubsets; // sum of MDAM fetch subsets
  CostScalar sumMDAMProbeSubsets; // sum of MDAM probe subsets

  CostScalar totalSeqKBRead;

  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  //  Loop through every disjunct and:
  //   1 Find the optimal disjunct prefix for the disjunct
  //   2 Compute the sum of the metrics of all disjuncts so far
  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  for (CollIndex disjunctIndex=0;
       disjunctIndex < mdamKeyPtr_->getKeyDisjunctEntries();
       disjunctIndex++)
    {
      // 1 find optimal prefix for disjunct
      disjunctIndex_ = disjunctIndex;
      computeDisjunct();
      if(NOT disjunctMdamOK_)
        {
          mdamWon_ = FALSE;
          MDAM_DEBUG0(MTL2, "Mdam scan lost because disjunctMdamOK_ is false");
          return;
        }

      // 2 Compute the sum of the costs of the disjuncts seen so far

      // Add in counts from the disjunct just processed
      sumMDAMFetchRows += disjunctOptMDAMFetchRows_;
      sumMDAMProbeRows += disjunctOptMDAMProbeRows_;
      sumMDAMFetchSubsets += disjunctOptMDAMFetchSubsets_;
      sumMDAMProbeSubsets += disjunctOptMDAMProbeSubsets_;
    } // for every disjunct

  // Now compute the cost and see if MDAM wins or loses.

  // Note: The older version of this code computed this cost within
  // the disjunct loop in hopes of taking an early out if the cost
  // bound was exceeded. We don't do that here, because the I/O cost
  // is not additive. Adding disjuncts can actually lower the I/O
  // cost by increasing the amount of sequential I/O and lowering
  // the amount of disk seeks.  

  // Worst case for sequential I/O is that we read all the blocks that a single
  // subset scan would
  CostScalar seqBlocksReadUpperBound = 
    (singleSubsetSize_/optimizer_.getIndexDesc()->getEstimatedRecordsPerBlock()).getCeiling(); 

  if (optimizer_.getIndexDesc()->getPrimaryTableDesc()->getNATable()->isHbaseTable())
  {
    CostScalar totRowsProcessed = sumMDAMFetchRows + sumMDAMProbeRows;

    CostScalar avgMDAMFetchSubsetSize = sumMDAMFetchRows / sumMDAMFetchSubsets;
    CostScalar avgMDAMFetchBlocks = 
      (avgMDAMFetchSubsetSize/optimizer_.getIndexDesc()->getEstimatedRecordsPerBlock()).getCeiling(); 
    CostScalar seqBlocksFetchUpperBound = avgMDAMFetchBlocks * sumMDAMFetchSubsets;
    CostScalar seqBlocksProbeUpperBound = sumMDAMProbeSubsets;
    CostScalar refinedSeqBlocksReadUpperBound = MINOF(seqBlocksReadUpperBound,
      seqBlocksFetchUpperBound + seqBlocksProbeUpperBound);

    // There are two kinds of overhead that we model as part of "seeks".
    // One kind is actual disk seeks. There may be one per subset, but if
    // subsets are near each other (as quite often happens between 
    // successive levels of probes and then fetches), there won't be a seek.
    // The other kind is message interactions with the HBase RegionServer.
    // There is one of these per subset.

    // If the upper bound of the number of sequential blocks is the same as
    // the single subset upper bound, seqBlocksReadUpperBound, we'll assume
    // no seeks. (Why none instead of one? Single subset uses none, so we in
    // effect subtract one to make an apples-to-apples comparison.) If the
    // upper bound of the number of sequential blocks is close to the single
    // subset bound, we'll use the difference as an upper bound on the number 
    // of seeks.
 
    CostScalar seeks = csZero;
    CostScalar totalSubsets = sumMDAMProbeSubsets + sumMDAMFetchSubsets - csOne;
    if (refinedSeqBlocksReadUpperBound < seqBlocksReadUpperBound)
      {
        CostScalar difference = 
          seqBlocksReadUpperBound - refinedSeqBlocksReadUpperBound;
        seeks = MINOF(difference,totalSubsets);
      }

    // Add into the seeks some overhead per subset. In our experience, subsets
    // are more expensive than disk seeks, so they get multiplied by a
    // subset factor.
   
    CostScalar MDAMSubsetAdjustmentFactor = ActiveSchemaDB()->getDefaults().getAsDouble(MDAM_SUBSET_FACTOR);
    totalSubsets *= MDAMSubsetAdjustmentFactor;
    seeks += totalSubsets;

    CostScalar totalSeqKBRead = refinedSeqBlocksReadUpperBound *
      optimizer_.getIndexDesc()->getBlockSizeInKb();

    // All the quantities we have calculated so far are from the standpoint of
    // a single scan probe. So if we have multiple incoming scan probes (that is,
    // if we are the inner table of a nested loop join), we need to multiply the
    // cost by the number of incoming scan probes.
    if (isMultipleScanProbes_)  // the "if" really isn't needed; but is useful for debug stops
      {
        totRowsProcessed *= incomingScanProbes_;
        seeks *= incomingScanProbes_;
        totalSeqKBRead *= incomingScanProbes_;
      }

    scmCost_ = optimizer_.scmComputeMDAMCostForHbase(totRowsProcessed, seeks, 
                                                     totalSeqKBRead, incomingScanProbes_);
  }
  else // Not an HBase table
  {
    // None of the other storage engines we support currently have a direct access structure
    // so MDAM doesn't make sense
    disjunctMdamOK_ = FALSE;
    mdamWon_ = FALSE;
    MDAM_DEBUG0(MTL2, "Mdam scan lost because its not an HBase table");
    return;
  }

  // scale up mdam cost by factor of NCM_MDAM_COST_ADJ_FACTOR --default is 1
  CostScalar costAdj = (ActiveSchemaDB()->getDefaults()).getAsDouble(NCM_MDAM_COST_ADJ_FACTOR);
  scmCost_->cpScmlr().scaleByValue(costAdj);

  // If MDAM is not forced and the cost exceeds the bound, MDAM loses

  if (!mdamForced_ &&
      (costBoundPtr_ != NULL) &&
      (costBoundPtr_->scmCompareCosts(*scmCost_) == LESS))
  {
    mdamWon_ = FALSE;
    MDAM_DEBUG0(MTL2, "Mdam scan lost due to higher cost determined by scmCompareCosts()");
    return;
  }

  // update rows accessed
  optimizer_.setEstRowsAccessed(sumMDAMFetchRows + sumMDAMProbeRows);
  mdamWon_ = TRUE;
  numKBytes_ = 0; // seqKBytesPerScan; // TODO: where does this come from?
}

// This function computes the cost factors of a MDAM disjunct
// It computes the members below:
//   disjunctMdamOK_
//   disjunctOptMDAMFetchRows_
//   disjunctOptMDAMProbeRows_
//   disjunctOptMDAMFetchSubsets_
//   disjunctOptMDAMProbeSubsets_
//   noExePreds_
// It also side effects member mdamKeyPtr_
void NewMDAMCostWA::computeDisjunct()
{
  MDAM_DEBUG1(MTL2, "NewMDAMCostWA::computeDisjunct processing disjunct %d\n",disjunctIndex_);
 
  // get the key preds for this disjunct:
  NABoolean allKeyPredicates = FALSE;
  ValueIdSet disjunctKeyPreds;
  mdamKeyPtr_->getKeyPredicates(disjunctKeyPreds /*out*/,
			       &allKeyPredicates /*out*/,
			       disjunctIndex_ /*in*/);
  if( NOT (allKeyPredicates) )
    noExePreds_ = FALSE;


  // return with a NULL cost if there are no key predicates
  // "costBoundPtr_ == NULL" means "MDAM is forced"
  if (disjunctKeyPreds.isEmpty() AND costBoundPtr_ != NULL)
    {
      MDAM_DEBUG0(MTL2, "NewMDAMCostWA::computeDisjunct(): disjunctKeyPreds is empty"); 
      disjunctMdamOK_ = FALSE;
      return; // full table scan, MDAM is worthless here
    }

  // Tabulate the key predicates using the key columns as the index
  ColumnOrderList keyPredsByCol(optimizer_.getIndexDesc()->getIndexKey());
  mdamKeyPtr_->getKeyPredicatesByColumn(keyPredsByCol,disjunctIndex_);

  MDAM_DEBUG1(MTL2, "Disjunct: %d, keyPredsByCol:", disjunctIndex_);
  MDAM_DEBUGX(MTL2, keyPredsByCol.print());
  MDAM_DEBUG0(MTL2, "disjunctKeyPreds no recomputing");
  MDAM_DEBUGX(MTL2, disjunctKeyPreds.display());

  // compute the optimal prefix and the associated min cost
  NewMDAMOptimalDisjunctPrefixWA prefixWA(optimizer_,
				       keyPredsByCol,
				       disjunctKeyPreds,
				       exePreds_,
				       outerHistograms_,
				       mdamKeyPtr_,
				       scanForcePtr_,
				       mdamForced_,
				       isMultipleScanProbes_,
				       incomingScanProbes_,
				       estimatedRowsPerBlock_,
				       innerRowsUpperBound_,
				       innerBlocksUpperBound_,
                                       singleSubsetSize_,
				       disjunctIndex_);

  prefixWA.compute(noExePreds_ /*out */, incomingScanProbes_);
  CollIndex stopColumn = prefixWA.getStopColumn();
  disjunctOptMDAMFetchRows_ = prefixWA.getOptMDAMFetchRows();
  disjunctOptMDAMProbeRows_ = prefixWA.getOptMDAMProbeRows();
  disjunctOptMDAMFetchSubsets_ = prefixWA.getOptMDAMFetchSubsets();
  disjunctOptMDAMProbeSubsets_ = prefixWA.getOptMDAMProbeSubsets();

  // Set the stop column for current disjunct:
  mdamKeyPtr_->setStopColumn(disjunctIndex_, stopColumn);

  NABoolean mdamMakeSense = TRUE;
  if (NOT mdamForced_  AND stopColumn == 0) {
    if (keyPredsByCol.getPredicateExpressionPtr(0) == NULL )
      mdamMakeSense = FALSE;
    else if (mdamKeyPtr_->getKeyDisjunctEntries() == 1) 
      {
        // When there is a conflict in single subset, mdam should handle it
        const ColumnOrderList::KeyColumn* currKeyColumn =
          keyPredsByCol.getPredicateExpressionPtr(0);

        NABoolean conflict =
          (  (currKeyColumn->getType() == KeyColumns::KeyColumn:: CONFLICT)
             OR
             (currKeyColumn->getType() ==
              KeyColumns::KeyColumn::CONFLICT_EQUALS)   
             OR
             // added for patching (since it is a single disjunct now, but not a conflict)
             // where a =10 or a=20 or a=30
             (currKeyColumn->getType() ==
              KeyColumns::KeyColumn::INLIST) );
      
      if( NOT conflict ) 
          { 
            // single subset should be chosen.
            MDAM_DEBUG0(MTL2, "NewMDAMCostWA::computeDisjunct(): conflict predicate for single subset, force MDAM off"); 
            mdamMakeSense = FALSE;
          }
      }
  }

  CollIndex noOfmissingKeyColumnsTot = 0;
  CollIndex presentKeyColumnsTot = 0;


  const IndexDesc *idesc = optimizer_.getFileScan().getIndexDesc();
  const ColStatDescList& csdl = idesc->getPrimaryTableDesc()->getTableColStats();
  Histograms hist(csdl);
	 
  Lng32 checkOption = (ActiveSchemaDB()->getDefaults()).getAsLong(MDAM_APPLY_RESTRICTION_CHECK);

  if(CURRSTMT_OPTDEFAULTS->indexEliminationLevel() != OptDefaults::MINIMUM
     && (!mdamForced_)
	 && (CmpCommon::getDefault(RANGESPEC_TRANSFORMATION) == DF_ON )
	 && checkOption >= 1 
	 && (!checkMDAMadditionalRestriction(
                                    keyPredsByCol,
                                    optimizer_.computeLastKeyColumnOfDisjunct(keyPredsByCol),
                                    hist,
                                    (restrictCheckStrategy)checkOption,
                                    noOfmissingKeyColumnsTot,
                                    presentKeyColumnsTot))
   )
  {
        
    MDAM_DEBUG0(MTL2, "NewMDAMCostWA::computeDisjunct(): MDAM additional restriction check failed"); 
    mdamMakeSense = FALSE;
  }
  disjunctMdamOK_ = mdamMakeSense; 
}

NABoolean NewMDAMCostWA::isMdamWon() const
{
  return mdamWon_;
}

NABoolean NewMDAMCostWA::hasNoExePreds() const
{
  return noExePreds_;
}

const CostScalar & NewMDAMCostWA::getNumKBytes() const
{
  return numKBytes_;
}

Cost * NewMDAMCostWA::getScmCost()
{
  return scmCost_;
}


// Implementation of NewMDAMOptimalDisjunctPrefixWA methods

NewMDAMOptimalDisjunctPrefixWA::NewMDAMOptimalDisjunctPrefixWA
(FileScanOptimizer & optimizer,
 const ColumnOrderList & keyPredsByCol,
 const ValueIdSet & disjunctKeyPreds,
 const ValueIdSet & exePreds,
 const Histograms & outerHistograms,
 MdamKey *mdamKeyPtr,
 const ScanForceWildCard *scanForcePtr,
 NABoolean mdamForced,
 NABoolean isMultipleProbes,
 const CostScalar & incomingScanProbes,
 const CostScalar & estimatedRecordsPerBlock,
 const CostScalar & innerRowsUpperBound,
 const CostScalar & innerBlocksUpperBound,
 const CostScalar & singleSubsetSize,
 CollIndex disjunctIndex)

 :
   optMDAMFetchRows_(0)
  ,optMDAMFetchSubsets_(0)
  ,optMDAMProbeRows_(0)
  ,optMDAMProbeSubsets_(0)
  ,optStopColumn_(0)
  ,optimizer_(optimizer)
  ,keyPredsByCol_(keyPredsByCol)
  ,disjunctKeyPreds_(disjunctKeyPreds)
  ,exePreds_(exePreds)
  ,outerHistograms_(outerHistograms)
  ,scanForcePtr_(scanForcePtr)
  ,isMultipleProbes_(isMultipleProbes)
  ,mdamForced_(mdamForced)
  ,incomingScanProbes_(incomingScanProbes)
  ,estimatedRecordsPerBlock_(estimatedRecordsPerBlock)
  ,innerRowsUpperBound_(innerRowsUpperBound)
  ,innerBlocksUpperBound_(innerBlocksUpperBound)
  ,singleSubsetSize_(singleSubsetSize)
  ,disjunctIndex_(disjunctIndex)
  ,mdamKeyPtr_(mdamKeyPtr)
  ,disjunctHistograms_( *(optimizer.getIndexDesc()), 0 )
  ,optimalCost_(NULL)
  ,crossProductApplied_(FALSE)
  ,multiColUecInfoAvail_(disjunctHistograms_.isMultiColUecInfoAvail())
  ,MCUECOfPriorPrefixFound_(FALSE)
  ,MCUECOfPriorPrefix_(csZero)
{}


NewMDAMOptimalDisjunctPrefixWA::~NewMDAMOptimalDisjunctPrefixWA()
{
  if(optimalCost_)
    delete optimalCost_;
}


// This function computes the optimal prefix of the disjunct

// If we decide that the optimal prefix does not use all of the
// key predicates, then the output parameter noExePreds will be
// set to FALSE. Otherwise we leave it untouched.

void NewMDAMOptimalDisjunctPrefixWA::compute(NABoolean & noExePreds /*out*/,CostScalar & incomingScanProbes)
{
  // Cumulative probe counters (MDAM is a recursive algorithm; this
  // represents the cost of recursion)

  CostScalar cumulativeMDAMProbeRows;
  CostScalar cumulativeMDAMProbeSubsets;

  CostScalar previousColumnMDAMProbeRows(csOne);

  const ValueIdList & keyColumns = optimizer_.getIndexDesc()->getIndexKey();
  for (CollIndex i = 0; i < keyColumns.entries(); i++)
  {
    MDAM_DEBUG1(MTL2,"New Prefix compute, exploring column %d\n",i);

    // Apply key predicates for that column to the histograms

    // Because of a VEG predicate can contain more than one
    // predicate encoded, add histograms incrementally so that
    // the reduction of a VEG predicate for a later column
    // than the current column position does not affect the
    // distribution of the current column.
    // Note that the append method receives a one-based column position,
    // so add one to the prefix because the prefix is zero based.

    ValueId keyColumn = keyColumns[i];
    disjunctHistograms_.appendHistogramForColumnPosition(i+1);
    CostScalar ColumnUECBeforePreds = disjunctHistograms_.getColStatsForColumn(
                   keyColumn).getTotalUec().getCeiling();
    MDAM_DEBUG1(MTL2,"Column UEC from histograms before applying key predicates: %f",ColumnUECBeforePreds.value());

    const ValueIdSet * predsPtr = keyPredsByCol_[i];
    applyPredsToHistogram(predsPtr);
    CostScalar columnUEC = disjunctHistograms_.getColStatsForColumn(
                   keyColumn).getTotalUec().getCeiling();
    MDAM_DEBUG1(MTL2,"Column UEC from histograms: %f",columnUEC.value());

    // Determine if column is dense or sparse and set it accordingly

    NABoolean isDense = isColumnDense(i);
    if (isDense)
      mdamKeyPtr_->setColumnToDense(i);
    else
      mdamKeyPtr_->setColumnToSparse(i);

    // Analyze the key predicates
    
    // We need to estimate how many
    // MDAM intervals will result from them (as that determines
    // subset counts), and also we need to know the estimated 
    // upper bound on the UEC of the key column. (Example: If we
    // have a range predicate of the form A > ? AND A < ?, we 
    // estimate the selectivity as the square of the default
    // selectivity for a ">" predicate. But when this is applied
    // to histograms, it does not affect the histogram UEC
    // estimate, only its cardinality estimate.)

    CostScalar MDAMIntervalEstimate(csOne);
    CostScalar MDAMUECEstimate(columnUEC);

    if (predsPtr AND (NOT predsPtr->isEmpty()))
    {
      calculateMetricsFromKeyPreds(keyColumn, predsPtr, ColumnUECBeforePreds,
        MDAMUECEstimate /*out*/, MDAMIntervalEstimate /*out*/);
    
      MDAM_DEBUG1(MTL2,"Column UEC from predicates: %f",MDAMUECEstimate.value());
      MDAM_DEBUG1(MTL2,"Interval estimate from predicates: %f",MDAMIntervalEstimate.value());
    }

    if (MDAMUECEstimate < columnUEC)
      columnUEC = MDAMUECEstimate;

    MDAM_DEBUG1(MTL2,"Minimal column UEC: %f",columnUEC.value());

    // Calculate bound on column UEC from multicolumn histograms

    // For example, it might be the case that there is a functional dependency
    // within the set of key columns. If A, B, C, D has the same UEC as A, B, C,
    // then we know that traversing to D results in at most one MDAM probe.
    // So, we can use the ratio of the UEC of A, B, C, D divided by that of
    // A, B, C as an upper bound on column UEC. Among others, this scenario
    // happens when we have a "_SALT_" column or a "_DIVISION_n_" column.

    if (multiColUecInfoAvail_)
      {
        // obtain the UEC of this prefix 
        CostScalar UECFromMCHistograms = csOne;
        NABoolean UECFromMCFound = disjunctHistograms_.
          estimateUecUsingMultiColUec(keyPredsByCol_, /*in*/
                                      i, /*in*/
                                      UECFromMCHistograms /*out*/);
        if (UECFromMCFound)
          {
            MDAM_DEBUG2(MTL2, "Column UEC of prefix %d from MC histograms: %f:", 
              i, UECFromMCHistograms.value());

            if (MCUECOfPriorPrefixFound_)
              {  
                // we have UEC of this prefix and the prior prefix, so we can
                // compute their ratio
                CostScalar columnUECFromMCUECRatio = UECFromMCHistograms / MCUECOfPriorPrefix_;

                MDAM_DEBUG1(MTL2, "Ratio of prefix UEC to prior prefix UEC: %f:",
                  columnUECFromMCUECRatio.value());

                if (columnUECFromMCUECRatio < columnUEC)
                  columnUEC = columnUECFromMCUECRatio;

                MDAM_DEBUG1(MTL2, "Minimal column UEC: %f", columnUEC.value()); 
              }

            MCUECOfPriorPrefix_ = UECFromMCHistograms; // save for next column          
          }        

        MCUECOfPriorPrefixFound_ = UECFromMCFound;                
      }      

    // Calculate the number of probe rows and probe subsets for that column

    // Each probe subset returns at most one row; there will be exactly one
    // probe subset that returns no row for each MDAM interval. Note that
    // for dense columns, we don't do a scan for the probe; we just increment
    // the last value we used, so MDAMProbeSubsets is zero in that case.
 
    CostScalar MDAMProbeRows = previousColumnMDAMProbeRows * columnUEC;
    CostScalar MDAMProbeSubsets =
      isDense ? csZero : previousColumnMDAMProbeRows * (columnUEC + MDAMIntervalEstimate);

    MDAM_DEBUG1(MTL2,"MDAM Probe Rows on this column: %f",MDAMProbeRows.value());
    MDAM_DEBUG1(MTL2,"MDAM Probe Subsets on this column: %f",MDAMProbeSubsets.value());
    

    // Calculate the number of fetch rows and fetch subsets for that column

    // Note: Unfortunately, the histograms logic calculates the row counts
    // from the standpoint of the result of a join while here we are trying
    // to calculate from the standpoint of a single outer row. So, we divide
    // the number of rows fetched (MDAMFetchRows) by the number of incoming
    // scan probes. Note that for probes, we already took care of this by
    // examining the actual predicates (e.g. if it is equality, we set the
    // column UEC to one above).

    CostScalar MDAMFetchRows = disjunctHistograms_.getColStatsForColumn(
                   optimizer_.getIndexDesc()->
                   getIndexKey()[i]).getRowcount().getCeiling();
    if (crossProductApplied_)
      MDAMFetchRows = MDAMFetchRows / incomingScanProbes;
    CostScalar MDAMFetchSubsets = previousColumnMDAMProbeRows * MDAMIntervalEstimate;

    MDAM_DEBUG1(MTL2,"MDAM Fetch Rows on this column: %f",MDAMFetchRows.value());
    MDAM_DEBUG1(MTL2,"MDAM Fetch Subsets on this column: %f",MDAMFetchSubsets.value());

    // Calculate cost assuming this column is the stop column

    // A subset does not necessarily cause a disk seek. And disk seeks in
    // general can't be predicted here as they are not additive (the block we
    // need next might be the current block, or might be sequential after this
    // one). So we don't try to estimate disk seeks here. Nor do we try to
    // estimate sequential I/O here. 

    // However a subset does cause some positioning overhead in the Region
    // Server apart from disk activity, as it involves traversal of index
    // blocks (perhaps in memory). So, we include some cost in the
    // totalSeeks param here.

    CostScalar totalRowsProcessed = cumulativeMDAMProbeRows + MDAMFetchRows;

    CostScalar totalSeeks = cumulativeMDAMProbeSubsets + MDAMFetchSubsets;
    CostScalar MDAMSubsetAdjustmentFactor = ActiveSchemaDB()->getDefaults().getAsDouble(MDAM_SUBSET_FACTOR);
    totalSeeks *= MDAMSubsetAdjustmentFactor;

    CostScalar totalSeqKBRead = csZero;  // not estimated here
    Cost * currentCost = optimizer_.scmComputeMDAMCostForHbase(totalRowsProcessed, totalSeeks, 
                                                           totalSeqKBRead, incomingScanProbes_);   

    // If the cost is a new minimum (or if this is the lead column), capture it

    NABoolean forced = FALSE;
    if (isMinimalCost(currentCost,i,forced /* out */))
    //if ((optimalCost_ == NULL) OR (currentCost->compareCosts(*optimalCost_) == LESS))
      {
        // Capture new minimums
        if (optimalCost_)
          delete optimalCost_;

        optMDAMFetchRows_ = MDAMFetchRows;
        optMDAMFetchSubsets_ = MDAMFetchSubsets;
        optMDAMProbeRows_ = cumulativeMDAMProbeRows;
        optMDAMProbeSubsets_ = cumulativeMDAMProbeSubsets;

        optimalCost_ = currentCost;
        optStopColumn_ = i;

        MDAM_DEBUG1(MTL2,"Column %d has optimal cost so far for this disjunct:",i);
        MDAM_DEBUG1(MTL2,"  Optimal MDAM Probe Rows: %f",optMDAMProbeRows_.value());
        MDAM_DEBUG1(MTL2,"  Optimal MDAM Probe Subsets: %f",optMDAMProbeSubsets_.value());
        MDAM_DEBUG1(MTL2,"  Optimal MDAM Fetch Rows: %f",optMDAMFetchRows_.value());
        MDAM_DEBUG1(MTL2,"  Optimal MDAM Fetch Subsets: %f",optMDAMFetchSubsets_.value());
        MDAM_DEBUGX(MTL2,MdamTrace::printCostObject(&optimizer_,optimalCost_,"Optimal cost"));
      }
    else
      {
        MDAM_DEBUGX(MTL2,MdamTrace::printCostObject(&optimizer_,currentCost,"Not optimal cost"));
        delete currentCost;

        // if this is the last column and it is not optimal, indicate that there
        // are some key predicates that must be generated as executor predicates
        if (i == keyColumns.entries() - 1)
          noExePreds = FALSE;
    }

    if (forced)
      {
        MDAM_DEBUG0(MTL2,"  (The choice above was forced.)");
      }

    // Update cumulative counters for the next column

    cumulativeMDAMProbeRows += MDAMProbeRows;
    cumulativeMDAMProbeSubsets += MDAMProbeSubsets;
    previousColumnMDAMProbeRows = MDAMProbeRows; 

    MDAM_DEBUG1(MTL2,"Cumulative MDAM Probe Rows including this column: %f",cumulativeMDAMProbeRows.value());
    MDAM_DEBUG1(MTL2,"Cumulative MDAM Probe Subsets including this column: %f\n",cumulativeMDAMProbeSubsets.value()); 
  }
}


// This function applies predicates to the disjunctHistograms_
// member. It has side effects on members
// crossProductApplied_ and disjunctHistograms_
void NewMDAMOptimalDisjunctPrefixWA::applyPredsToHistogram(const ValueIdSet * predsPtr)
{
  if ( predsPtr AND
       (NOT predsPtr->isEmpty())
       )
    {
      const SelectivityHint * selHint = optimizer_.getIndexDesc()->getPrimaryTableDesc()->getSelectivityHint();
      const CardinalityHint * cardHint = optimizer_.getIndexDesc()->getPrimaryTableDesc()->getCardinalityHint();

      MDAM_DEBUG0(MTL2, "Applying predicates to disjunct histograms");
      MDAM_DEBUGX(MTL2, predsPtr->print());
      if (NOT crossProductApplied_
          AND
          isMultipleProbes_)
        {
          MDAM_DEBUG0(MTL2, "Applying cross product");
          // If this is multiple probes, we need to use joined histograms to
          // estimate the cost factors (rows, uecs)
          // Therefore, apply the cross product to the disjunctHistograms only once.
          // Use the disjunctHistograms as normal after cross product is applied.
          // Note that this causes the row counts to be scaled up; our caller
          // will have to compensate after this point by dividing by the number
          // of incoming scan probes.
          crossProductApplied_ = TRUE;
          disjunctHistograms_.
                applyPredicatesWhenMultipleProbes(
                  *predsPtr
                  ,*(optimizer_.getContext().getInputLogProp())
                  ,optimizer_.getRelExpr().getGroupAttr()->
                  getCharacteristicInputs()
                  ,TRUE // doing MDAM!
                  ,selHint
                  ,cardHint
                  ,NULL
                  ,REL_SCAN);
        }
      else
        disjunctHistograms_.applyPredicates(*predsPtr, (Scan &)optimizer_.getRelExpr(), selHint, cardHint, REL_SCAN);
    }
}

// This function computes whether the column being scaned is dense or
// sparse. Returns TRUE if dense, FALSE if sparse.
NABoolean NewMDAMOptimalDisjunctPrefixWA::isColumnDense(CollIndex columnPosition)
{
  NABoolean rc = FALSE;  // assume column is sparse
  ScanForceWildCard::scanOptionEnum forceOption = ScanForceWildCard::UNDEFINED;

  // Check if scan is being forced
  // if so check if density is forced too
  if (scanForcePtr_ && mdamForced_)
    forceOption = scanForcePtr_->getEnumAlgorithmForColumn(columnPosition);

  if (forceOption == ScanForceWildCard::COLUMN_DENSE)
    {
      rc = TRUE;
      MDAM_DEBUG0(MTL2,"Column is dense (forced)");
    }
  else if (forceOption == ScanForceWildCard::COLUMN_SPARSE)
    {
      rc = FALSE;
      MDAM_DEBUG0(MTL2,"Column is sparse (forced)");
    }
  else
    {
      // Sparse/dense was not forced, calculate it from histograms
      // With single column histograms we can only do
      // a good job estimating this for the first column
      if (columnPosition == 0)
	{
	  // why not use firstColHistogram ?
	  const ColStats & firstColumnColStats =
	    disjunctHistograms_.
	    getColStatsForColumn(optimizer_.getIndexDesc()->getIndexKey()[0]);
	  // may want to put the threshold in the defaults table:
	  const CostScalar DENSE_THRESHOLD = 0.90;
	  const CostScalar density =
	    (firstColumnColStats.getTotalUec().getCeiling()) /
	    ( firstColumnColStats.getMaxValue().getDblValue()
	      - firstColumnColStats.getMinValue().getDblValue()
	      + 1.0 );
	  if ( density > DENSE_THRESHOLD )
            {
              // It is dense!!!
              rc = TRUE;
              MDAM_DEBUG0(MTL2,"Column is dense (from histogram)");
            }
          else
            {
              // It is sparse!!!
              rc = FALSE;
              MDAM_DEBUG0(MTL2,"Column is sparse (from histogram)");
            }
        } // if columnPosition == 0
      else
        {
          // columnPosition > 0, always sparse
          rc = FALSE;
          MDAM_DEBUG0(MTL2,"Column is sparse (non-leading column)");
        }
    } // dense/sparse not forced

  return rc;   
}


void NewMDAMOptimalDisjunctPrefixWA::calculateMetricsFromKeyPreds(const ValueId & keyColumn,
  const ValueIdSet * predsPtr, 
  const CostScalar & maxUEC, CostScalar & UECFromPreds, CostScalar & IntervalCountFromPreds)
{
  // If the key predicates for a column are all of the form
  // column op constant (or column IS NULL), then the UEC of
  // the result after applying key predicates can be read from
  // the histogram. If even some of the key predicates are 
  // of this form, the UEC of the resulting histogram will
  // still be a reasonable bound.

  // But if there are key predicates, and none has a constant,
  // then the row count of the histogram will be reduced but
  // not the UEC. This is a problem for MDAM costing because
  // we depend on the (true) UEC to determine the number of
  // MDAM probes for the column.

  // An example of this situation is a predicate X = ? on a
  // column with UEC 1 million. We know that after X = ? is
  // applied, the true UEC will be 1. However, the histogram
  // will show reduced row counts but a UEC of 1,000,000.

  // It's quite reasonable for the histogram code to behave
  // this way, actually. Its foremost goal is to predict
  // cardinalities. And scaling down the row count while
  // retaining the 1 million UEC models the column after
  // applying X = ? as a probability distribution.

  // So, this method attempts to approximate the true UEC
  // for such predicates by looking at the predicates
  // themselves.

  // For MDAM costing, we prefer to overestimate this UEC
  // rather than underestimate (as MDAM performance degrades
  // poorly when we underestimate). So, for example, when
  // estimating an OR, we don't try to account for a possible
  // non-empty intersection of values but instead just add
  // the UECs. That is a reasonable upper bound without it
  // being grossly overestimated.

  // A fine point concerns the handling of range predicates.
  // The default selectivity for A > ? is 1/3 (well, it's 
  // the value of CQD HIST_DEFAULT_SEL_FOR_PRED_RANGE).
  // In a uniform distribution, this would translate into
  // a UEC of 1/3 the original. For simplicity, this is the
  // calculation we use. It's not quite right though. If we
  // have a distribution that is skewed to the left or right
  // (e.g. an exponential distribution), it would be more
  // precise to find the point in the histogram where the
  // *row count* to the right or left is 1/3 of the total,
  // then compute the UEC of that subset of the histogram.
  // We'll leave that complexity to a future improvement
  // if and when it seems needed.

  int lessCount = 0;
  int greaterCount = 0;

  ValueId vid = predsPtr->init();
  predsPtr->next(vid);  // expect it to return true, as caller insured predsPtr was not empty
  calculateMetricsFromKeyPred(keyColumn, vid, maxUEC,
                              UECFromPreds /*out*/, IntervalCountFromPreds /*out*/,
                              lessCount /*in/out*/, greaterCount /*in/out*/);
  predsPtr->advance(vid);

  while (predsPtr->next(vid))
    {      
      CostScalar UECFromPreds1;
      CostScalar IntervalCountFromPreds1;
      calculateMetricsFromKeyPred(keyColumn, vid, maxUEC,
                                  UECFromPreds1 /*out*/, IntervalCountFromPreds1 /*out*/,
                                  lessCount /*in/out*/, greaterCount /*in/out*/);
      // this predicate is ANDed with the previous; so the
      // UEC is at most the min of the two (but see below for
      // special handling of the case A > ? AND A < ?)
      UECFromPreds = MINOF(UECFromPreds,UECFromPreds1);
      predsPtr->advance(vid);
    }

  if (UECFromPreds > maxUEC)
    UECFromPreds = maxUEC;

  // special handling if both A < ? and A > ? present
  if ((lessCount > 0) && (greaterCount > 0)) 
    {
      CostScalar selectionFactor = 
        CostPrimitives::getBasicCostFactor(HIST_DEFAULT_SEL_FOR_PRED_RANGE);
      CostScalar andedRange = maxUEC * selectionFactor * selectionFactor;
      if (andedRange < UECFromPreds)
        UECFromPreds = andedRange;
      if (UECFromPreds < csOne)
        UECFromPreds = csOne;
    }

}

void NewMDAMOptimalDisjunctPrefixWA::calculateMetricsFromKeyPred(const ValueId & keyColumn,
 const ValueId & keyPred, const CostScalar & maxUEC, 
 CostScalar & UECFromPreds /*out*/, CostScalar & IntervalCountFromPreds /*out*/,
 int & lessCount /*in/out*/, int & greaterCount /*in/out*/)
{
  ItemExpr * ie = keyPred.getItemExpr();
  switch (ie->getOperatorType())
    {
      case ITM_LESS:
      case ITM_LESS_EQ:
        {
          if (keyColumnIsOnTheLeft(keyColumn,ie))
            lessCount++;
          else
            greaterCount++;
          UECFromPreds = maxUEC * CostPrimitives::getBasicCostFactor(HIST_DEFAULT_SEL_FOR_PRED_RANGE);
          if (UECFromPreds < csOne)
            UECFromPreds = csOne;
          IntervalCountFromPreds = csOne;
          break;
        }
      case ITM_GREATER:
      case ITM_GREATER_EQ:
        {
          if (keyColumnIsOnTheLeft(keyColumn,ie))
            greaterCount++;
          else
            lessCount++;
          UECFromPreds = maxUEC * CostPrimitives::getBasicCostFactor(HIST_DEFAULT_SEL_FOR_PRED_RANGE);
          if (UECFromPreds < csOne)
            UECFromPreds = csOne;
          IntervalCountFromPreds = csOne;
          break;
        }
      case ITM_EQUAL:
      case ITM_IS_NULL:
        {
          UECFromPreds = csOne;
          IntervalCountFromPreds = csOne;
          break;
        }
      case ITM_OR:
        {
          int localLessCount = 0;
          int localGreaterCount = 0;
          CostScalar UECFromPreds0;
          CostScalar IntervalCountFromPreds0;
          calculateMetricsFromKeyPred(keyColumn,ie->child(0),maxUEC,
                                      UECFromPreds0,IntervalCountFromPreds0,
                                      localLessCount,localGreaterCount);
          CostScalar UECFromPreds1;
          CostScalar IntervalCountFromPreds1;
          calculateMetricsFromKeyPred(keyColumn,ie->child(1),maxUEC,
                                      UECFromPreds1,IntervalCountFromPreds1,
                                      localLessCount,localGreaterCount);
          // we'll be pessimistic here and assume no overlap in the values satisfying each leg of the OR
          UECFromPreds = UECFromPreds0 + UECFromPreds1;
          IntervalCountFromPreds = IntervalCountFromPreds0 + IntervalCountFromPreds1;
          break;
        }
      case ITM_AND:
        {
          CostScalar UECFromPreds0;
          CostScalar IntervalCountFromPreds0;
          calculateMetricsFromKeyPred(keyColumn,ie->child(0),maxUEC,
                                      UECFromPreds0,IntervalCountFromPreds0,
                                      lessCount,greaterCount);
          CostScalar UECFromPreds1;
          CostScalar IntervalCountFromPreds1;
          calculateMetricsFromKeyPred(keyColumn,ie->child(1),maxUEC,
                                      UECFromPreds1,IntervalCountFromPreds1,
                                      lessCount,greaterCount);
          // the most pessimistic assumption we can make is that the same set of rows that satisfies
          // one leg of the AND is a subset of those that satisfy the other leg
          UECFromPreds = MINOF(UECFromPreds0,UECFromPreds1);
          IntervalCountFromPreds = MINOF(IntervalCountFromPreds0,IntervalCountFromPreds1);
          break;
        }
      default:
        {
          UECFromPreds = csOne;  // unexpected operator
          IntervalCountFromPreds = csOne;
          DCMPASSERT(ie->getOperatorType() != ITM_AND);
          break;
        }
    }
}

// This function returns TRUE if the key column is on the left, FALSE otherwise.
// It is used for comparison predicates.

NABoolean NewMDAMOptimalDisjunctPrefixWA::keyColumnIsOnTheLeft(const ValueId & keyColumn,
                                                               ItemExpr * ie)
{
  if (ie->getArity() >= 2)
    {
      ValueId leftChild = ie->child(0);
      ItemExpr * leftChildie = leftChild.getItemExpr();
      if (leftChildie->containsTheGivenValue(keyColumn))
        return TRUE;
    }

  return FALSE;
}

// This function determines if the "currentCost" is a new minimum and returns TRUE if so,
// FALSE otherwise. If the decision was forced, the "forced" parameter will be set to TRUE,
// FALSE otherwise.

NABoolean NewMDAMOptimalDisjunctPrefixWA::isMinimalCost(Cost * currentCost,
                                                        CollIndex columnPosition,
                                                        NABoolean & forced /* out */)
{
  NABoolean newMinimumFound = FALSE;
  forced = FALSE;  // assume not forced

  if (scanForcePtr_ && mdamForced_)
    {
      if (columnPosition < scanForcePtr_->getNumMdamColumns())
        {
          // The user wants this column as part of the mdam key,
          // so pretend that the cost is lower when the column is added
          newMinimumFound = TRUE;
          forced = TRUE;
        }
      else
        {
          if (scanForcePtr_->getMdamColumnsStatus()
              == ScanForceWildCard::MDAM_COLUMNS_ALL)
            {
              // Unconditionally force all of the columns:
              newMinimumFound = TRUE;
              forced = TRUE;
            }
          else if (scanForcePtr_->getMdamColumnsStatus()
                   == ScanForceWildCard::MDAM_COLUMNS_NO_MORE)
            {
              // Unconditionally reject this and later columns:
              newMinimumFound = FALSE;
              forced = TRUE;
            }
          else
            {
              DCMPASSERT(scanForcePtr_->getMdamColumnsStatus()
                   == ScanForceWildCard::MDAM_COLUMNS_REST_BY_SYSTEM);
              // leave forced as FALSE
            }
        }
    } // if scanForcePtr_ && mdamForced_

  if (NOT forced)
    {
      // Mdam has not been forced, or forced but with the choice
      // of system decision for MDAM column. proceed with costing:
      
      DCMPASSERT(currentCost != NULL);  
      newMinimumFound = (optimalCost_ == NULL) ? TRUE :
        (currentCost->scmCompareCosts(*optimalCost_) == LESS);
    }

  return newMinimumFound;
}

const CostScalar & NewMDAMOptimalDisjunctPrefixWA::getOptMDAMProbeRows() const
{
  return optMDAMProbeRows_;
}

const CostScalar & NewMDAMOptimalDisjunctPrefixWA::getOptMDAMProbeSubsets() const
{
  return optMDAMProbeSubsets_;
}

const CostScalar & NewMDAMOptimalDisjunctPrefixWA::getOptMDAMFetchRows() const
{
  return optMDAMFetchRows_;
}

const CostScalar & NewMDAMOptimalDisjunctPrefixWA::getOptMDAMFetchSubsets() const
{
  return optMDAMFetchSubsets_;
}

CollIndex NewMDAMOptimalDisjunctPrefixWA::getStopColumn() const
{
  return optStopColumn_;
}


// ZZZZZ End of new MDAM costing code


// return true if has resuable shared basic cost for this mdam
NABoolean
FileScanOptimizer::getSharedCost(FileScanBasicCost * &fileScanBasicCostPtr /*out, never NULL*/
				 ,NABoolean & hasLostBefore /*out*/
				 ,SimpleCostVector * &disjunctsFRPtr /*out never NULL*/
				 ,SimpleCostVector * &disjunctsLRPtr /*out never NULL*/
				 ,CostScalar & numKBytes /*out*/
				 ,MdamKey* & sharedMdamKeyPtr /*out*/
				 ,NABoolean mdamTypeIsCommon /*in*/)
{

  NABoolean sharedCostFound = FALSE;
  fileScanBasicCostPtr = shareBasicCost(sharedCostFound);

  if ( mdamTypeIsCommon )
  {
    hasLostBefore = fileScanBasicCostPtr->hasMdamCommonLost();
    disjunctsFRPtr = &(fileScanBasicCostPtr->getFRBasicCostMdamCommon());
    disjunctsLRPtr = &(fileScanBasicCostPtr->getLRBasicCostMdamCommon());
    numKBytes = fileScanBasicCostPtr->getMdamCommonNumKBytes();
  }
  else
  {
    hasLostBefore = fileScanBasicCostPtr->hasMdamDisjunctsLost();
    disjunctsFRPtr = &(fileScanBasicCostPtr->getFRBasicCostMdamDisjuncts());
    disjunctsLRPtr = &(fileScanBasicCostPtr->getLRBasicCostMdamDisjuncts());
    numKBytes = fileScanBasicCostPtr->getMdamDisjunctsNumKBytes();
  }

  sharedMdamKeyPtr = fileScanBasicCostPtr->getMdamKeyPtr(mdamTypeIsCommon);
  return ( sharedCostFound AND
       sharedMdamKeyPtr AND
	   //       disjunctsFRPtr->getCPUTime() > csZero AND
	   //       disjunctsLRPtr->getCPUTime() > csZero AND
       CURRSTMT_OPTDEFAULTS->reuseBasicCost() );
}


Cost* FileScanOptimizer::newComputeCostForMultipleSubset
( MdamKey* mdamKeyPtr,
  const Cost * costBoundPtr,
  NABoolean mdamForced,
  CostScalar & numKBytes,
  ValueIdSet exePreds,
  NABoolean checkExePreds,
  NABoolean mdamTypeIsCommon,
  MdamKey *&sharedMdamKeyPtr )
{
  MDAM_DEBUG0(MTL2,"BEGIN MDAM Costing --------");
  MDAM_DEBUGX(MTL2, MdamTrace::printCostObject(this,
      costBoundPtr, "Cost Bound"));
  // MDAM only works for key sequenced files.
  DCMPASSERT(getIndexDesc()->getNAFileSet()->isKeySequenced());
  DCMPASSERT(getIndexDesc()->getIndexKey().entries() > 0);

  FileScanBasicCost *fileScanBasicCostPtr;
  SimpleCostVector *disjunctsFRPtr;
  SimpleCostVector *disjunctsLRPtr;
  NABoolean hasLostBefore = FALSE;
  NABoolean shareCost = getSharedCost(fileScanBasicCostPtr,
				      hasLostBefore,
				      disjunctsFRPtr,
				      disjunctsLRPtr,
				      numKBytes,
				      sharedMdamKeyPtr,
				      mdamTypeIsCommon);

  SimpleCostVector & disjunctsFR = *disjunctsFRPtr;
  SimpleCostVector & disjunctsLR = *disjunctsLRPtr;

  if(shareCost){
    MDAM_DEBUG0(MTL2, "Use cached MDAM cost");
    if(hasLostBefore){
      MDAM_DEBUG0(MTL2, "MDAM Costing returning NULL cost");
      MDAM_DEBUG0(MTL2, "END   MDAM Costing --------\n");
      return NULL;
    }
    else {
      Cost * costPtr = computeCostObject(disjunctsFR, disjunctsLR);
//       if ( costBoundPtr != NULL )
//       {
//         COMPARE_RESULT result =
//           costPtr->compareCosts(*costBoundPtr,
//                                  getContext().getReqdPhysicalProperty());
//         if ( result == MORE OR result == SAME )
// 	{
//           delete costPtr;
// 	  MDAM_DEBUG0(MTL2, "MDAM Costing returning NULL cost");
// 	  MDAM_DEBUG0(MTL2, "END   MDAM Costing --------\n");
//           return NULL;
// 	}
//       }

      // use cached MDAM Cost
      mdamKeyPtr->reuseMdamKeyInfo(sharedMdamKeyPtr);
      MDAM_DEBUGX(MTL2, MdamTrace::printCostObject(this, costPtr,
          "Returning cached MDAM Cost"));
      MDAM_DEBUG0(MTL2, "END   MDAM Costing --------\n");
      return costPtr;
    }
  }

  // proceed with MDAM costing
  disjunctsFR.reset();
  disjunctsLR.reset();
  sharedMdamKeyPtr = mdamKeyPtr;
  fileScanBasicCostPtr->setMdamKeyPtr(mdamKeyPtr,mdamTypeIsCommon);

  MDAMCostWA costWA(*this,
		    mdamForced,
		    mdamKeyPtr,
		    costBoundPtr,
		    exePreds,
		    disjunctsFR,
		    disjunctsLR);
  costWA.compute();
  NABoolean isMdamWon = costWA.isMdamWon();
  if(NOT isMdamWon) {
    MDAM_DEBUG0(MTL2, "MDAM Costing returning NULL cost");
    MDAM_DEBUG0(MTL2, "END   MDAM Costing --------\n");

    if(mdamTypeIsCommon)
      fileScanBasicCostPtr->setMdamCommonLost(TRUE);
    else
      fileScanBasicCostPtr->setMdamDisjunctsLost(TRUE);

    return NULL;
  }
  // MDAM won! create the cost vector:
  Cost *costPtr = computeCostObject(disjunctsFR
                                    ,disjunctsLR);

  NABoolean noExePreds = costWA.hasNoExePreds();
  //noExePreds is true, great set the flag in MDAM
  if ( CmpCommon::getDefault(RANGESPEC_TRANSFORMATION) == DF_ON )
  {
    if(!exePreds.entries()) 
      noExePreds = TRUE;
  }
  if(noExePreds AND checkExePreds)
  {
      mdamKeyPtr->setNoExePred();
  }
  numKBytes = costWA.getNumKBytes();

  if ( checkExePreds )
    fileScanBasicCostPtr->setMdamDisjunctsNumKBytes(numKBytes);
  else
    fileScanBasicCostPtr->setMdamCommonNumKBytes(numKBytes);

  MDAM_DEBUGX(MTL2, MdamTrace::printCostObject(this, costPtr,
      "Returning MDAM Cost"));
  MDAM_DEBUG0(MTL2, "END   MDAM Costing --------\n");
  return costPtr;
} // newComputeCostForMultipleSubset(...)

Cost* 
FileScanOptimizer::scmComputeCostForMultipleSubset(MdamKey* mdamKeyPtr,
						   const Cost * costBoundPtr,
						   NABoolean mdamForced,
						   CostScalar & numKBytes,
						   ValueIdSet exePreds,
						   NABoolean checkExePreds,
						   NABoolean mdamTypeIsCommon,
						   MdamKey *&sharedMdamKeyPtr )
{
  // MDAM only works for key sequenced files.
  DCMPASSERT(getIndexDesc()->getNAFileSet()->isKeySequenced());
  DCMPASSERT(getIndexDesc()->getIndexKey().entries() > 0);

  sharedMdamKeyPtr = mdamKeyPtr;

  SimpleCostVector a(0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0);
  SimpleCostVector b(0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0);
    
  MDAMCostWA costWA(*this,
		    mdamForced,
		    mdamKeyPtr,
		    costBoundPtr,
		    exePreds,
                    a,
                    b);

  costWA.compute();
  NABoolean isMdamWon = costWA.isMdamWon();
  if(NOT isMdamWon)
    return NULL;  

  NABoolean noExePreds = costWA.hasNoExePreds();
  //noExePreds is true, great set the flag in MDAM
  if(noExePreds AND checkExePreds)
  {
      mdamKeyPtr->setNoExePred();
  }
  numKBytes = costWA.getNumKBytes();

  // MDAM won! create the cost vector:
  return costWA.getScmCost();

} // scmComputeCostForMultipleSubset(...)


Cost* 
FileScanOptimizer::scmRewrittenComputeCostForMultipleSubset(MdamKey* mdamKeyPtr,
						   const Cost * costBoundPtr,
						   NABoolean mdamForced,
						   CostScalar & numKBytes,
						   ValueIdSet exePreds,
						   NABoolean checkExePreds,
						   MdamKey *&sharedMdamKeyPtr )
{
  // MDAM only works for key sequenced files.
  DCMPASSERT(getIndexDesc()->getNAFileSet()->isKeySequenced());
  DCMPASSERT(getIndexDesc()->getIndexKey().entries() > 0);

  sharedMdamKeyPtr = mdamKeyPtr;
    
  NewMDAMCostWA costWA(*this,
                       mdamForced,
                       mdamKeyPtr,
                       costBoundPtr,
                       exePreds,
                       singleSubsetSize_);

  costWA.compute();
  NABoolean isMdamWon = costWA.isMdamWon();
  if(NOT isMdamWon)
    return NULL;  

  NABoolean noExePreds = costWA.hasNoExePreds();
  //noExePreds is true, great set the flag in MDAM
  if(noExePreds AND checkExePreds)
    {
      mdamKeyPtr->setNoExePred();
    }
  numKBytes = costWA.getNumKBytes();

  // MDAM won! return the cost vector
  return costWA.getScmCost();

} // scmRewrittenComputeCostForMultipleSubset(...)


NABoolean FileScanOptimizer::isMultipleProbes() const
{
  CostScalar repeatCount = getContext().getPlan()->getPhysicalProperty()->
    getDP2CostThatDependsOnSPP()->getRepeatCountForOperatorsInDP2() ;
  CollIndex numCols = getContext().getInputLogProp()->getColStats().entries();

  return (repeatCount.isGreaterThanOne()) OR (numCols > 0);
}

// return the forced scan wild card if exists
// otherwise return NULL
const ScanForceWildCard* FileScanOptimizer::findScanForceWildCard() const
{
  const ScanForceWildCard* scanForcePtr = NULL;
  const ReqdPhysicalProperty* propertyPtr =
    getContext().getReqdPhysicalProperty();
  if ( propertyPtr
       && propertyPtr->getMustMatch()
       && (propertyPtr->getMustMatch()->getOperatorType()
	   == REL_FORCE_ANY_SCAN))
    {
      scanForcePtr =
	(const ScanForceWildCard*)propertyPtr->getMustMatch();
    }
  return scanForcePtr;
}

// return the last key column in a disjunct, one based
CollIndex FileScanOptimizer::computeLastKeyColumnOfDisjunct
(const ColumnOrderList & keyPredsByCol)
{
  // The number of entries in keyPredsByCol should be equal
  // to the number columns in the key which should be greater than zero.
  Lng32 lastColumnPosition = (Lng32)(keyPredsByCol.entries()) - 1;
  DCMPASSERT(lastColumnPosition >= 0);
  // Find the last column position:
  // The order (i.e., column position) must be varied
  // up to the last column position that references
  // key predicates. Find the lastColumnPosition:
  // walk from the last key column until you find
  // a column position that references a key pred:
  ValueId keyCol;
  NABoolean foundLastColumn = FALSE;
  while( NOT foundLastColumn && lastColumnPosition >=0 )
    {
      //following is guard against the situation where we can have
      //key columns(a,b,a) and predicate a=3 we would chose second
      //'a' as last coulumn whereas we know that we would never skip
      //the first 'a' and apply the predicate to the second 'a'
      NABoolean duplicateFound=FALSE;
      keyCol = getIndexDesc()->getIndexKey()[lastColumnPosition];
      for( Lng32 preColumn = lastColumnPosition - 1;
	   preColumn >= 0; preColumn--)
	{
	  if(keyCol==getIndexDesc()->getIndexKey()[preColumn])
	    {
	      duplicateFound=TRUE;
	      break;
	    }
	}

      if ( NOT duplicateFound ) {
	// any predicate in the set may refer to the key column:
	const ValueIdSet *predsPtr = keyPredsByCol[lastColumnPosition];
	if(predsPtr && NOT predsPtr->isEmpty())
	{
	  foundLastColumn = TRUE;
	}
      }

      if( NOT foundLastColumn ){
	lastColumnPosition--;
      }
    }

  // if not found last column (e.g. MDAM is forced, but there is no key pred)
  // set it to the first column
  if( NOT foundLastColumn ){
    lastColumnPosition = 0;
  }

  // make column position start from one:
  lastColumnPosition++;
  return lastColumnPosition;
}

const CostScalar FileScanOptimizer::getIncomingProbes() const
{
   // repeat count is the actual receiving probes.
  const CostScalar repeatCount =
    getContext().getPlan()->getPhysicalProperty()->
    getDP2CostThatDependsOnSPP()->getRepeatCountForOperatorsInDP2();
  const CostScalar incomingProbes = repeatCount * getNumActivePartitions();
  DCMPASSERT(incomingProbes >= repeatCount);
  return incomingProbes;
}

NABoolean FileScanBasicCost::hasMdamCommonLost() const
{
  return mdamCommonLost_;
}

NABoolean FileScanBasicCost::hasMdamDisjunctsLost() const
{
  return mdamDisjunctsLost_;
}

void FileScanBasicCost::setMdamCommonLost(NABoolean mdamCommonLost)
{
  mdamCommonLost_ = mdamCommonLost;
}

void FileScanBasicCost::setMdamDisjunctsLost(NABoolean mdamDisjunctsLost)
{
  mdamDisjunctsLost_ = mdamDisjunctsLost;
}