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| <body class="book toc2 toc-left"> |
| <div id="header"> |
| <h1>Stored Procedures in Java (SPJs) Guide</h1> |
| <div class="details"> |
| <span id="revnumber">version 2.4.0</span> |
| </div> |
| <div id="toc" class="toc2"> |
| <div id="toctitle">Table of Contents</div> |
| <ul class="sectlevel1"> |
| <li><a href="#_about_this_document">1. About This Document</a> |
| <ul class="sectlevel2"> |
| <li><a href="#_intended_audience">1.1. Intended Audience</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#_document_organization">1.2. Document Organization</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#_new_and_changed_information">1.3. New and Changed Information</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#_notation_conventions">1.4. Notation Conventions</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#_comments_encouraged">1.5. Comments Encouraged</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li><a href="#introduction">2. Introduction</a> |
| <ul class="sectlevel2"> |
| <li><a href="#what-is-an-spj">2.1. What Is an SPJ?</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#benefits-of-spjs">2.2. Benefits of SPJs</a> |
| <ul class="sectlevel3"> |
| <li><a href="#java-methods-callable-from-sql">2.2.1. Java Methods Callable From SQL</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#common-packaging-technique">2.2.2. Common Packaging Technique</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#security">2.2.3. Security</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#increased-productivity">2.2.4. Increased Productivity</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#portability">2.2.5. Portability</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li><a href="#use-spjs">2.3. Use SPJs</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li><a href="#get-started">3. Get Started</a> |
| <ul class="sectlevel2"> |
| <li><a href="#required-client-software">3.1. Required Client Software</a> |
| <ul class="sectlevel3"> |
| <li><a href="#java-development-kit">3.1.1. Java Development Kit</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li><a href="#recommended-client-software">3.2. Recommended Client Software</a> |
| <ul class="sectlevel3"> |
| <li><a href="#trafodion-command-interface-trafci">3.2.1. Trafodion Command Interface (trafci)</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#hp-jdbc-type-4-driver">3.2.2. Trafodion JDBC Type 4 Driver</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li><a href="#develop-spj-methods">4. Develop SPJ Methods</a> |
| <ul class="sectlevel2"> |
| <li><a href="#guidelines-for-writing-spj-methods">4.1. Guidelines for Writing SPJ Methods</a> |
| <ul class="sectlevel3"> |
| <li><a href="#signature-of-the-java-method">4.1.1. Signature of the Java Method</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#returning-output-values-from-the-java-method">4.1.2. Returning Output Values From the Java Method</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#returning-stored-procedure-result-sets">4.1.3. Returning Stored Procedure Result Sets</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#using-the-main-method">4.1.4. Using the main() Method</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#null-input-and-output">4.1.5. Null Input and Output</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#static-java-variables">4.1.6. Static Java Variables</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#nested-java-method-invocations">4.1.7. Nested Java Method Invocations</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li><a href="#accessing-a-trafodion-database">4.2. Accessing Trafodion</a> |
| <ul class="sectlevel3"> |
| <li><a href="#use-of-java.sql.connection-objects">4.2.1. Use of java.sql.Connection Objects</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#using-jdbc-method-calls">4.2.2. Using JDBC Method Calls</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#referring-to-database-objects-in-an-spj-method">4.2.3. Referring to Database Objects in an SPJ Method</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#using-the-session_user-or-current_user-function-in-an-spj-method">4.2.4. Using the SESSION_USER or CURRENT_USER Function in an SPJ Method</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#exception-handling">4.2.5. Exception Handling</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li><a href="#handling-java-exceptions">4.3. Handling Java Exceptions</a> |
| <ul class="sectlevel3"> |
| <li><a href="#user-defined-exceptions">4.3.1. User-Defined Exceptions</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li><a href="#compiling-and-packaging-java-classes">4.4. Compiling and Packaging Java Classes</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li><a href="#deploy-spj-jar-files">5. Deploy SPJ JAR Files</a> |
| <ul class="sectlevel2"> |
| <li><a href="#create-a-library">5.1. Create a Library</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#drop-a-library">5.2. Drop a Library</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#display-libraries">5.3. Display Libraries</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li><a href="#create-spjs">6. Create SPJs</a> |
| <ul class="sectlevel2"> |
| <li><a href="#create-a-procedure">6.1. Create a Procedure</a> |
| <ul class="sectlevel3"> |
| <li><a href="#create-procedure-settings">6.1.1. Create Procedure Settings</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li><a href="#understand-external-security">6.2. Understand External Security</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#drop-a-procedure">6.3. Drop a Procedure</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#display-procedures-and-their-properties">6.4. Display Procedures and Their Properties</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li><a href="#grant-privileges">7. Grant Privileges</a> |
| <ul class="sectlevel2"> |
| <li><a href="#granting-execute-privileges-on-an-spj">7.1. Granting Execute Privileges on an SPJ</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#granting-privileges-on-referenced-database-objects">7.2. Granting Privileges on Referenced Database Objects</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#revoking-execute-privileges-on-an-spj">7.3. Revoking Execute Privileges on an SPJ</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#_using_script_files_to_grant_and_revoke_privileges">7.4. Using Script Files to Grant and Revoke Privileges</a> |
| <ul class="sectlevel3"> |
| <li><a href="#_script_file_for_granting_privileges">7.4.1. Script File for Granting Privileges</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#_script_file_for_revoking_privileges">7.4.2. Script File for Revoking Privileges</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li><a href="#execute-spjs">8. Execute SPJs</a> |
| <ul class="sectlevel2"> |
| <li><a href="#required-privileges-for-calling-an-spj">8.1. Required Privileges for Calling an SPJ</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#transaction-behavior">8.2. Transaction Behavior</a> |
| <ul class="sectlevel3"> |
| <li><a href="#transaction-required">8.2.1. Transaction Required</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#no-transaction-required">8.2.2. No Transaction Required</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li><a href="#multithreading">8.3. Multithreading</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#using-the-call-statement">8.4. Using the CALL Statement</a> |
| <ul class="sectlevel3"> |
| <li><a href="#specifying-the-name-of-the-spj">8.4.1. Specifying the Name of the SPJ</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#listing-the-parameter-arguments-of-the-spj">8.4.2. Listing the Parameter Arguments of the SPJ</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li><a href="#calling-spjs-in-trafci">8.5. Calling SPJs in trafci</a> |
| <ul class="sectlevel3"> |
| <li><a href="#using-named-parameters">8.5.1. Using Named Parameters</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#using-unnamed-parameters">8.5.2. Using Unnamed Parameters</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#returning-result-sets-in-trafci">8.5.3. Returning Result Sets in trafci</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li><a href="#calling-spjs-from-an-odbc-client-application">8.6. Calling SPJs From an ODBC Client Application</a> |
| <ul class="sectlevel3"> |
| <li><a href="#returning-result-sets-in-an-odbc-client-application">8.6.1. Returning Result Sets in an ODBC Client Application</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li><a href="#calling-spjs-from-a-jdbc-client-application">8.7. Calling SPJs From a JDBC Client Application</a> |
| <ul class="sectlevel3"> |
| <li><a href="#returning-result-sets-in-a-jdbc-client-application">8.7.1. Returning Result Sets in a JDBC Client Application</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li><a href="#performance-and-troubleshooting">9. Performance and Troubleshooting</a> |
| <ul class="sectlevel2"> |
| <li><a href="#troubleshooting-common-problems">9.1. Troubleshooting Common Problems</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#performance-tip">9.2. Performance Tip</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#displaying-an-execution-plan-of-a-call-statement">9.3. Displaying an Execution Plan of a CALL Statement</a> |
| <ul class="sectlevel3"> |
| <li><a href="#using-the-explain-statement">9.3.1. Using the EXPLAIN Statement</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#using-the-explain-function">9.3.2. Using the EXPLAIN Function</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li><a href="#a-sample-spjs">10. A Sample SPJs</a> |
| <ul class="sectlevel2"> |
| <li><a href="#procedures-in-the-sales-schema">10.1. Procedures in the SALES Schema</a> |
| <ul class="sectlevel3"> |
| <li><a href="#lowerprice-procedure">10.1.1. LOWERPRICE Procedure</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#dailyorders-procedure">10.1.2. DAILYORDERS Procedure</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#monthlyorders-procedure">10.1.3. MONTHLYORDERS Procedure</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#totalprice-procedure">10.1.4. TOTALPRICE Procedure</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#partdata-procedure">10.1.5. PARTDATA Procedure</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#ordersummary-procedure">10.1.6. ORDERSUMMARY Procedure</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li><a href="#procedures-in-the-persnl-schema">10.2. Procedures in the PERSNL Schema</a> |
| <ul class="sectlevel3"> |
| <li><a href="#adjustsalary-procedure">10.2.1. ADJUSTSALARY Procedure</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#employeejob-procedure">10.2.2. EMPLOYEEJOB Procedure</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#projectteam-procedure">10.2.3. PROJECTTEAM Procedure</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#topsalesreps-procedure">10.2.4. TOPSALESREPS Procedure</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li><a href="#procedures-in-the-invent-schema">10.3. Procedures in the INVENT Schema</a> |
| <ul class="sectlevel3"> |
| <li><a href="#supplierinfo-procedure">10.3.1. SUPPLIERINFO Procedure</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#supplyquantities-procedure">10.3.2. SUPPLYQUANTITIES Procedure</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#partlocations-procedure">10.3.3. PARTLOCATIONS Procedure</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li><a href="#b-sample-database">11. B Sample Database</a> |
| <ul class="sectlevel2"> |
| <li><a href="#persnl-schema">11.1. PERSNL Schema</a> |
| <ul class="sectlevel3"> |
| <li><a href="#job-table">11.1.1. JOB Table</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#employee-table">11.1.2. EMPLOYEE Table</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#dept-table">11.1.3. DEPT Table</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#project-table">11.1.4. PROJECT Table</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li><a href="#sales-schema">11.2. SALES Schema</a> |
| <ul class="sectlevel3"> |
| <li><a href="#customer-table">11.2.1. CUSTOMER Table</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#orders-table">11.2.2. ORDERS Table</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#odetail-table">11.2.3. ODETAIL Table</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#parts-table">11.2.4. PARTS Table</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#invent-schema">11.2.5. INVENT Schema</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#supplier-table">11.2.6. SUPPLIER Table</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#partsupp-table">11.2.7. PARTSUPP Table</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#partloc-table">11.2.8. PARTLOC Table</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div id="content"> |
| <div id="preamble"> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p><strong>License Statement</strong></p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file |
| distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file |
| to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with |
| the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at <a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0" class="bare">http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0</a></p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an |
| "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the |
| specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div style="page-break-after: always;"></div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p><strong>Acknowledgements</strong></p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Microsoft®, Windows®, Windows NT®, Windows® XP, and Windows Vista® are |
| U.S. registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. Intel® and Intel® |
| Itanium® are trademarks of Intel Corporation in the U.S. and other |
| countries. Java® is a registered trademark of Oracle and/or its |
| affiliates. Motif, OSF/1, UNIX®, X/Open®, and the X device is a |
| trademark of X/Open Company Ltd. in the UK and other countries.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>OSF, OSF/1, OSF/Motif, Motif, and Open Software Foundation are trademarks of |
| the Open Software Foundation in the U.S. and other countries. |
| © 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993 Open Software Foundation, Inc.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The OSF documentation and the OSF software to which it relates are derived in |
| part from materials supplied by the following: © 1987, 1988, 1989 |
| Carnegie-Mellon University. © 1989, 1990, 1991 Digital Equipment |
| Corporation. © 1985, 1988, 1989, 1990 Encore Computer Corporation. © 1988 Free |
| Software Foundation, Inc. © 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991 Hewlett-Packard |
| Company. © 1985, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992 International |
| Business Machines Corporation. © 1988, 1989 Massachusetts Institute of |
| Technology. © 1988, 1989, 1990 Mentat Inc. © 1988 Microsoft Corporation. |
| © 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, |
| 1992 SecureWare, Inc. © 1990, 1991 Siemens Nixdorf Informations systeme |
| AG. © 1986, 1989, 1996, 1997 Sun Microsystems, Inc. © 1989, 1990, 1991 |
| Transarc Corporation.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>OSF software and documentation are based in part |
| on the Fourth Berkeley Software Distribution under license from The |
| Regents of the University of California. OSF acknowledges the following |
| individuals and institutions for their role in its development: Kenneth |
| C.R.C. Arnold, Gregory S. Couch, Conrad C. Huang, Ed James, Symmetric |
| Computer Systems, Robert Elz. © 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1985, 1986, |
| 1987, 1988, 1989 Regents of the University of California. OSF MAKES NO |
| WARRANTY OF ANY KIND WITH REGARD TO THE OSF MATERIAL PROVIDED HEREIN, |
| INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY |
| AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. OSF shall not be liable for errors |
| contained herein or for incidental consequential damages in connection |
| with the furnishing, performance, or use of this material.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div style="page-break-after: always;"></div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p><strong>Revision History</strong></p> |
| </div> |
| <table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all spread"> |
| <colgroup> |
| <col style="width: 50%;"> |
| <col style="width: 50%;"> |
| </colgroup> |
| <thead> |
| <tr> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Version</th> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Date</th> |
| </tr> |
| </thead> |
| <tbody> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">2.2.0</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">TBD</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">2.1.0</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">May 1, 2017</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">2.0.1</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">July 7, 2016</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">2.0.0</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">June 6, 2016</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">1.3.0</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">January, 2016</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| </tbody> |
| </table> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_about_this_document">1. About This Document</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>This guide describes how to develop, deploy, and manage Stored Procedures in Java (SPJs) on Trafodion.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="_intended_audience">1.1. Intended Audience</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>This manual is intended for application programmers who are writing and compiling Java code for stored procedures |
| and for database administrators who are deploying and managing Stored Procedures in Java (SPJs) on Trafodion. |
| The reader should know:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p>The Java programming language.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>JDBC and the Trafodion JDBC Type-4 Driver.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Structured Query Language (SQL) and database terms and concepts.</p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Although not required, it helps to be familiar with the part of the ANSI SQL/Foundation standard called |
| SQL/JRT (Java Routines and Types) on which this implementation of stored procedures is based.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="_document_organization">1.2. Document Organization</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>This document is organized as follows:</p> |
| </div> |
| <table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all spread"> |
| <colgroup> |
| <col style="width: 30%;"> |
| <col style="width: 70%;"> |
| </colgroup> |
| <thead> |
| <tr> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Chapter</th> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Description</th> |
| </tr> |
| </thead> |
| <tbody> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong><a href="#introduction">Introduction</a></strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Defines what an SPJ is, describes the benefits of using SPJs on the database, |
| and lists steps for developing and deploying SPJs on Trafodion.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong><a href="#get-started">Get Started</a></strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Describes the software requirements for using SPJs on Trafodion.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong><a href="#develop-spj-methods">Develop SPJ Methods</a></strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Provides guidelines for writing and compiling a Java method to be used as the |
| body of a stored procedure.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong><a href="#deploy-spj-jar-files">Deploy SPJ JAR Files</a></strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Explains how to deploy SPJ JAR files on Trafodion.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong><a href="#create-spjs">Create SPJs</a></strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Explains how to create, drop, and alter an SPJ on Trafodion.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong><a href="#grant-privileges">Grant Privileges</a></strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Explains how to grant and revoke privileges for executing SPJs on the |
| Trafodion database.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong><a href="#execute-spjs">Execute SPJs</a></strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Explains how to execute an SPJ on Trafodion by using the CALL statement.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong><a href="#performance-and-troubleshooting">Performance and Troubleshooting</a></strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Describes how to improve and monitor the performance of SPJs and provides guidelines for troubleshooting common problems.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong><a href="#sample-spjs">Appendix A: Sample SPJs</a></strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Provides examples of SPJ methods that demonstrate business logic on Trafodion.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong><a href="#sample-database">Appendix B: Sample Database</a></strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Describes the sample database on which the Sample SPJs operate.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| </tbody> |
| </table> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="_new_and_changed_information">1.3. New and Changed Information</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>This is a new manual.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="_notation_conventions">1.4. Notation Conventions</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>This list summarizes the notation conventions for syntax presentation in this manual.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p>UPPERCASE LETTERS</p> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Uppercase letters indicate keywords and reserved words. Type these items exactly as shown. Items not enclosed in brackets are required.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="text">SELECT</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>lowercase letters</p> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Lowercase letters, regardless of font, indicate variable items that you supply. Items not enclosed in brackets are required.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="text">file-name</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>[ ] Brackets</p> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Brackets enclose optional syntax items.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="text">DATETIME [start-field TO] end-field</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>A group of items enclosed in brackets is a list from which you can choose one item or none.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The items in the list can be arranged either vertically, with aligned brackets on each side of the list, or horizontally, enclosed in a pair of brackets and separated by vertical lines.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>For example:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="text">DROP SCHEMA schema [CASCADE] |
| DROP SCHEMA schema [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>{ } Braces</p> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Braces enclose required syntax items.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="text">FROM { grantee [, grantee ] ... }</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>A group of items enclosed in braces is a list from which you are required to choose one item.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The items in the list can be arranged either vertically, with aligned braces on each side of the list, or horizontally, enclosed in a pair of braces and separated by vertical lines.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>For example:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="text">INTERVAL { start-field TO end-field } |
| { single-field } |
| INTERVAL { start-field TO end-field | single-field }</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>| Vertical Line</p> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>A vertical line separates alternatives in a horizontal list that is enclosed in brackets or braces.</p> |
| </div> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="text">{expression | NULL}</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p>… Ellipsis</p> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>An ellipsis immediately following a pair of brackets or braces indicates that you can repeat the enclosed sequence of syntax items any number of times.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="text">ATTRIBUTE[S] attribute [, attribute] ... |
| {, sql-expression } ...</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>An ellipsis immediately following a single syntax item indicates that you can repeat that syntax item any number of times.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>For example:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="text">expression-n ...</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| <div style="page-break-after: always;"></div> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p>Punctuation</p> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Parentheses, commas, semicolons, and other symbols not previously described must be typed as shown.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="text">DAY (datetime-expression) |
| @script-file</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Quotation marks around a symbol such as a bracket or brace indicate the symbol is a required character that you must type as shown.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>For example:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="text">"{" module-name [, module-name] ... "}"</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Item Spacing</p> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Spaces shown between items are required unless one of the items is a punctuation symbol such as a parenthesis or a comma.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="text">DAY (datetime-expression) DAY(datetime-expression)</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>If there is no space between two items, spaces are not permitted. In this example, no spaces are permitted between the period and any other items:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="text">myfile.sh</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Line Spacing</p> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>If the syntax of a command is too long to fit on a single line, each continuation line is indented three spaces and is separated from the preceding line by a blank line.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>This spacing distinguishes items in a continuation line from items in a vertical list of selections.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="text">match-value [NOT] LIKE _pattern |
| [ESCAPE esc-char-expression]</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| <div style="page-break-after: always;"></div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="_comments_encouraged">1.5. Comments Encouraged</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>We encourage your comments concerning this document. We are committed to providing documentation that meets your |
| needs. Send any errors found, suggestions for improvement, or compliments to <a href="mailto:user@trafodion.apache.org">user@trafodion.apache.org</a>.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Include the document title and any comment, error found, or suggestion for improvement you have concerning this document.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="introduction">2. Introduction</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>This chapter introduces stored procedures in Java (SPJs) in Trafodion |
| and covers these topics:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="what-is-an-spj">2.1. What Is an SPJ?</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>A stored procedure is a type of user-defined routine (UDR) that operates |
| within a database server and typically performs SQL operations on a |
| database. The database server contains information about the stored |
| procedure and controls its execution. A client application executes a |
| stored procedure by issuing an SQL CALL statement. Unlike a user-defined |
| function, which returns a value directly to the calling application, a |
| stored procedure returns each output value to a dynamic parameter in its |
| parameter list or returns a set of values to a result set array.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Trafodion supports stored procedures written in the Java |
| programming language. The Trafodion implementation of stored procedures |
| complies mostly, unless otherwise specified, with SQL/JRT (Java Routines |
| and Types), which extends the ANSI SQL/Foundation standard. A stored |
| procedure in Java (SPJ) is a Java method contained in a Java archive |
| (JAR) file on Trafodion, registered in the database, and |
| executed by the database engine when a client application issues a CALL |
| statement.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The body of a stored procedure consists of a public, static Java method |
| that returns void. These Java methods, called <em>SPJ methods</em>, are |
| contained in classes within JAR files on the cluster hosting Trafodion.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>An SPJ method must be registered as a stored procedure in the database before a |
| client application can execute it with a CALL statement. You upload the SPJ to |
| the cluster where Trafodion is running |
| and then you register the SPJ as a library object using the |
| <a href="http://trafodion.apache.org/docs/sql_reference/index.html#create_library_statement">CREATE LIBRARY</a> |
| statement. Next, you register the library object using the |
| <a href="http://trafodion.apache.org/docs/sql_reference/index.html#create_procedure_statement">CREATE PROCEDURE</a> |
| statement.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="benefits-of-spjs">2.2. Benefits of SPJs</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>SPJs provide an efficient and secure way to implement business logic in |
| the database. SPJs offer these advantages:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p><a href="#java-methods-callable-from-sql">Java Methods Callable From SQL</a></p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><a href="#common-packaging-technique">Common Packaging Technique</a></p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><a href="#security">Security</a></p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><a href="#increased-productivity">Increased Productivity</a></p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><a href="#portability">Portability</a></p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="java-methods-callable-from-sql">2.2.1. Java Methods Callable From SQL</h4> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>With support for SPJs, Java methods are callable from any client |
| application that connects to Trafodion. For example, you can |
| invoke the same SPJ method from JDBC client applications and ODBC client |
| applications. By using the database engine to invoke Java methods, you |
| can extend the functionality of the database and share business logic |
| among different applications.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>For more information, see <a href="#execute-spjs">Execute SPJs</a>.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="common-packaging-technique">2.2.2. Common Packaging Technique</h4> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Different applications can invoke the same SPJ to perform a common |
| business function. By encapsulating business logic in an SPJ, you can |
| maintain consistent database operations and avoid duplicating code in |
| applications.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Applications that call SPJs are not required to know the structure of |
| the database tables that the SPJ methods access. The application does |
| not need to use any table or column names; it needs only the name of the |
| stored procedure in the CALL statement. If the table structure changes, |
| you might need to change the SPJ methods but not necessarily the CALL |
| statements within each application.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="security">2.2.3. Security</h4> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>By using SPJs, you can conceal sensitive business logic inside SPJ |
| methods instead of exposing it in client applications. You can also |
| grant privileges to execute an SPJ to specific users and restrict the |
| privileges of other users. For more information, see |
| <a href="#grant-privileges">Grant Privileges</a></p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="increased-productivity">2.2.4. Increased Productivity</h4> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Use SPJs to reduce the time and cost of developing and maintaining |
| client applications. By having several applications call the same SPJ, |
| you need only change the SPJ method once when business rules or table |
| structures change instead of changing every application that calls the |
| SPJ.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Using the Java language to implement stored procedures increases |
| productivity. Given the popularity of the Java language, you can |
| leverage the existing skill set of Java programmers to develop SPJs.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The portability of the Java language enables you to write and compile |
| Java class files for SPJs once and deploy them anywhere.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="portability">2.2.5. Portability</h4> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Because SPJ methods are written in Java, and SPJs conform to the ANSI |
| SQL standard, SPJs are portable across different database servers. With |
| minimal changes to SPJ methods, you can port existing SPJ JAR files from |
| another database server to Trafodion and register the methods |
| as stored procedures in a Trafodion database. You can also port client |
| applications that call SPJs in other databases to Trafodion SQL with |
| minimal changes to the CALL statements in the application.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div style="page-break-after: always;"></div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="use-spjs">2.3. Use SPJs</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>To use SPJs in Trafodion:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="olist arabic"> |
| <ol class="arabic"> |
| <li> |
| <p>Verify that you have the required software installed on the client |
| workstation. See <a href="#get-started">Get Started</a>.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Develop a Java method to be used as an SPJ:</p> |
| <div class="olist loweralpha"> |
| <ol class="loweralpha" type="a"> |
| <li> |
| <p>Write a static Java method:</p> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Create a file named <code>Payroll.java</code> with the following content:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="java"><span class="keyword">import</span> <span class="include">java.sql</span>.* ; |
| <span class="keyword">import</span> <span class="include">java.math</span>.* ; |
| |
| <span class="directive">public</span> <span class="type">class</span> <span class="class">Payroll</span> |
| { |
| <span class="directive">public</span> <span class="directive">static</span> <span class="type">void</span> adjustSalary( <span class="predefined-type">BigDecimal</span> empNum |
| , <span class="type">double</span> percent, <span class="predefined-type">BigDecimal</span><span class="type">[]</span> newSalary |
| ) <span class="directive">throws</span> <span class="exception">SQLException</span> |
| { |
| <span class="predefined-type">Connection</span> conn = |
| <span class="predefined-type">DriverManager</span>.getConnection( <span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">jdbc:default:connection</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span> ) ; |
| |
| <span class="predefined-type">PreparedStatement</span> setSalary = |
| conn.prepareStatement( <span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">UPDATE trafodion.persnl.employee </span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span> |
| + <span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">SET salary = salary * (1 + (? / 100)) </span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span> |
| + <span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">WHERE empnum = ?</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span> |
| ) ; |
| |
| <span class="predefined-type">PreparedStatement</span> getSalary = |
| conn.prepareStatement( <span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">SELECT salary </span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span> |
| + <span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">FROM trafodion.persnl.employee </span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span> |
| + <span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">WHERE empnum = ?</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span> |
| ) ; |
| |
| setSalary.setDouble( <span class="integer">1</span>, percent ) ; |
| setSalary.setBigDecimal( <span class="integer">2</span>, empNum ) ; |
| setSalary.executeUpdate() ; |
| |
| getSalary.setBigDecimal( <span class="integer">1</span>, empNum ) ; |
| <span class="predefined-type">ResultSet</span> rs = getSalary.executeQuery() ; |
| rs.next() ; |
| |
| newSalary[<span class="integer">0</span>] = rs.getBigDecimal( <span class="integer">1</span> ) ; |
| |
| rs.close() ; |
| conn.close() ; |
| } |
| }</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Compile the Java source file to produce a class file:</p> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="text">$ javac Payroll.java |
| $</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Package the SPJ class file in a JAR file:</p> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="text">jar cvf Payroll.jar Payroll.class</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>If the SPJ class refers to other classes, package the other classes in |
| the same JAR file as the SPJ class:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="text">$ jar cvf Payroll.jar Payroll.class other.class |
| added manifest |
| adding: Payroll.class(in = 1213) (out= 711)(deflated 41%) |
| $</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>For details, see <a href="#develop-spj-methods">Develop SPJ Methods</a>.</p> |
| </div> |
| </li> |
| </ol> |
| </div> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Deploy the SPJ JAR file on Trafodion by creating a |
| library object for the JAR file in one of the database schemas. For |
| details, see <a href="#Deploy-spj-jar-files">Deploy SPJ JAR Files</a>.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>As the schema owner, create the SPJ in the database. For details, |
| see <a href="#create-spjs">Create SPJs</a>.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Grant privileges to database users for executing the SPJ and for |
| operating on the referenced database objects. For example, you can issue |
| GRANT statements in an trafci session, as shown below:</p> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="class">GRANT</span> EXECUTE |
| <span class="keyword">ON</span> <span class="type">PROCEDURE</span> trafodion.persnl.adjustsalary |
| <span class="keyword">TO</span> <span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">payrolldir1</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span>, <span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">payrolldir2</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span> |
| WITH <span class="class">GRANT</span> OPTION ; |
| |
| <span class="class">GRANT</span> <span class="class">SELECT</span>, <span class="class">UPDATE</span> (salary) |
| <span class="keyword">ON</span> <span class="type">TABLE</span> trafodion.persnl.employee |
| <span class="keyword">TO</span> <span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">payrolldir1</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span>, <span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">payrolldir2</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span> |
| WITH <span class="class">GRANT</span> OPTION ;</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>For details, see <a href="#grant-privileges">Grant Privileges</a>.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div style="page-break-after: always;"></div> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Execute an SPJ by using a CALL statement in a client application. |
| For example, you can issue a CALL statement in an trafci session, as |
| shown below, or in a JDBC or ODBC client application:</p> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="text">SQL> CALL trafodion.persnl.adjustsalary( 29, 2.5, ? ) ; |
| |
| NEWSALARY |
| ------------ |
| 139400.00 |
| |
| --- SQL operation complete.</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>For details, see <a href="#execute-spjs">Execute SPJs</a>.</p> |
| </div> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Monitor the performance of SPJs and resolve common problems with |
| SPJs in the database. See <a href="#performance-and-troubleshooting">Performance and Troubleshooting</a>.</p> |
| </li> |
| </ol> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="get-started">3. Get Started</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Before you can start using SPJs on Trafodion, verify that |
| you have the required software installed on the client workstation. |
| Trafodion is delivered to you ready to use and pre-configured |
| with the software required to support SPJs.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="required-client-software">3.1. Required Client Software</h3> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="java-development-kit">3.1.1. Java Development Kit</h4> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>To develop Java methods to be used as SPJs, you must have a Java |
| Development Kit (JDK) installed on the client workstation. To download a |
| JDK, go to |
| <a href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/index.html" class="bare">http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/index.html</a></p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The version of the JDK that you download and use on the client |
| workstation should be the same as or lower than the Java version running |
| on Trafodion. To check the Java version that is running in |
| Trafodion, use this approach:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p>Launch <code>trafci</code> on Trafodion, and run the <code>LOCALHOST</code> or <code>lh java -version</code> command. |
| (To use the on-platform trafci client, see the |
| <a href="http://trafodion.apache.org/docs/command_interface/index.html">Trafodion Command Interface Guide</a>.</p> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>For example:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="text">SQL> lh java -version |
| |
| java version "1.6.0_06" |
| Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.6.0_06-b02) |
| Java HotSpot(TM) Client VM (build 10.0-b22, mixed mode) |
| |
| SQL></code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>In this example, the returned Java version indicates that the Trafodion |
| instance supports Java SE 6 or JDK 6 (1.6.0), or earlier versions of the |
| JDK.</p> |
| </div> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| <div class="admonitionblock note"> |
| <table> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="icon"> |
| <i class="fa icon-note" title="Note"></i> |
| </td> |
| <td class="content"> |
| If you plan to install the Trafodion JDBC Type-4 Driver on the client |
| workstation, you must have JDK 6 (1.6.0) or higher installed on the |
| client workstation. |
| </td> |
| </tr> |
| </table> |
| </div> |
| <div style="page-break-after: always;"></div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="recommended-client-software">3.2. Recommended Client Software</h3> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="trafodion-command-interface-trafci">3.2.1. Trafodion Command Interface (trafci)</h4> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p><code>trafci</code> is a command-line interface in which you can run SQL statements, |
| such as GRANT PROCEDURE and CALL statements, interactively or from |
| script files. To install <code>trafci</code> on a client workstation, see the |
| <a href="http://trafodion.apache.org/docs/client_install/index.html">Trafodion Client Installation Guide</a>.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="hp-jdbc-type-4-driver">3.2.2. Trafodion JDBC Type 4 Driver</h4> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>If you plan to use <code>trafci</code>, you must have a compatible version of the Trafodion |
| JDBC Type-4 Driver installed on the client workstation.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>To install the JDBC Type-4 driver on the client workstation, see the |
| <a href="http://trafodion.apache.org/docs/client_install/index.html">Trafodion Client Installation Guide</a>.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="develop-spj-methods">4. Develop SPJ Methods</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Before creating, or registering, an SPJ in the database, you must write |
| and compile the Java method to be used as the body of the SPJ. The |
| manual refers to those Java methods as <em>SPJ methods</em>.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>This chapter requires a familiarity with writing and compiling Java programs.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="guidelines-for-writing-spj-methods">4.1. Guidelines for Writing SPJ Methods</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Follow the guidelines for these topics when you write SPJ methods to be |
| used as SPJs in the database:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="signature-of-the-java-method">4.1.1. Signature of the Java Method</h4> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>A Java method that you use as an SPJ must have this general signature:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="java"><span class="directive">public</span> <span class="directive">static</span> <span class="type">void</span> myMethodName ( java-parameter-list )</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect4"> |
| <h5 id="public-access-and-static-modifiers">Public Access and Static Modifiers</h5> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The Java method must be defined as <code>public</code> and <code>static</code>. If a method is |
| <code>private</code> or <code>protected</code>, then Trafodion is unable to find the Java |
| method when you try to register the SPJ and returns an error. The Java |
| method must be defined as <code>static</code> so that the method can be invoked |
| without having to instantiate its class.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect4"> |
| <h5 id="void-return-type">Void Return Type</h5> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The return type of the Java method must be <code>void</code>. The method must not |
| return a value directly to the caller.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect4"> |
| <h5 id="java-parameters">Java Parameters</h5> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Except for result sets, which are described in |
| <a href="#returning-stored-procedure-result-sets">Returning Stored Procedure Result Sets</a>, |
| the parameter types in the Java signature must correspond to the SQL |
| parameters of the stored procedure that you are planning to create. For |
| type mappings, see the table below.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div style="page-break-after: always;"></div> |
| <table id="table-1" class="tableblock frame-all grid-all spread"> |
| <caption class="title">Table 1. Mapping of Java Data Types to SQL Data Types</caption> |
| <colgroup> |
| <col style="width: 60%;"> |
| <col style="width: 40%;"> |
| </colgroup> |
| <thead> |
| <tr> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">SQL Data Type</th> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Maps to Java Data Type…</th> |
| </tr> |
| </thead> |
| <tbody> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">CHAR[ACTER]<br> |
| CHAR[ACTER] VARYING<br> |
| VARCHAR<br> |
| PIC[TURE] X<sup>1</sup><br> |
| NCHAR<br> |
| NCHAR VARYING<br> |
| NATIONAL CHAR[ACTER]<br> |
| NATIONAL CHAR[ACTER] VARYING</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">java.lang.String</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">DATE</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">java.sql.Date</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">TIME</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">java.sql.Time</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">TIMESTAMP</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">java.sql.Timestamp</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">DEC<sup class="IMAL">2</sup><br> |
| PIC[TURE] S9<sup>3</sup><br> |
| NUMERIC (including numeric with a precision greater than eighteen)<sup>2</sup></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">java.math.BigDecimal</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">SMALLINT<sup>2</sup></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">short</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">INT<sup class="EGER">2</sup></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">int or java.lang.Integer<sup>4</sup></p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">LARGEINT<sup>2</sup></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">long or java.lang.Long<sup>4</sup></p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">FLOAT</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">double or java.lang.Double<sup>4</sup></p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">REAL</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">float or java.lang.Float<sup>4</sup></p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">DOUBLE PRECISION</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">double or java.lang.Double<sup>4</sup></p></td> |
| </tr> |
| </tbody> |
| </table> |
| <div class="olist arabic"> |
| <ol class="arabic"> |
| <li> |
| <p>Trafodion stores PIC X as a CHAR data type.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Numeric data types of SQL parameters must be signed, which is the default in Trafodion.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Trafodion stores PIC S9 as a DECIMAL or NUMERIC data type.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>By default, the SQL data type maps to a Java primitive type. The SQL data type maps to a Java wrapper class |
| only if you specify the wrapper class in the Java signature of the external name clause.</p> |
| </li> |
| </ol> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Output parameters in the Java signature must be arrays (for example, |
| <code>int[]</code> or <code>String[]</code>) that accept only one value in the first element of |
| the array at index 0. For more information, see |
| <a href="#returning-output-values-from-the-java-method">Returning Output Values From the Java Method</a>.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div style="page-break-after: always;"></div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="returning-output-values-from-the-java-method">4.1.2. Returning Output Values From the Java Method</h4> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The Java method can return data to the calling application in the form |
| of output parameters or result sets.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p><em>Output parameters</em> in the Java signature are parameter arrays that |
| accept only one value in the first element of the array at index 0. The |
| array objects have a fixed size of one element.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="admonitionblock important"> |
| <table> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="icon"> |
| <i class="fa icon-important" title="Important"></i> |
| </td> |
| <td class="content"> |
| You cannot return more than one value to an output parameter of an SPJ. |
| Any attempt to return more than one value to an output parameter results in a Java exception, |
| <code>ArrayIndexOutOfBounds</code>. |
| </td> |
| </tr> |
| </table> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p><em>Result sets</em> in the Java signature are one-element <code>java.sql.ResultSet[]</code> |
| arrays that contain ResultSet objects that have multiple rows of data. |
| For more information about result sets, see |
| <a href="#returning-stored-procedure-result-sets">Returning Stored Procedure Result Sets</a></p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>This subsection covers these topics related to output parameters:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p><a href="#using-arrays-for-output-parameters">Using Arrays for Output Parameters</a></p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><a href="#type-mapping-of-output-parameters">Type Mapping of Output Parameters</a></p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect4"> |
| <h5 id="using-arrays-for-output-parameters">Using Arrays for Output Parameters</h5> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>You must use arrays for the output parameters of a Java method because |
| of how Java handles the arguments of a method. Java supports arguments |
| that are passed by value to a method and does not support arguments that |
| are passed by reference. As a result, Java primitive types can be passed |
| only to a method, not out of a method. Because a Java array is an |
| object, its reference is passed by value to a method, and changes to the |
| array are visible to the caller of the method. Therefore, arrays must be |
| used for output parameters in a Java method.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="admonitionblock important"> |
| <table> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="icon"> |
| <i class="fa icon-important" title="Important"></i> |
| </td> |
| <td class="content"> |
| An output parameter accepts only one value in the first element |
| of the array at index 0. Any attempt to return more than one value to an |
| output parameter results in a Java exception, <code>ArrayIndexOutOfBounds</code>. |
| </td> |
| </tr> |
| </table> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>For each output parameter, specify the Java type followed by empty |
| square brackets (<code>[]</code>) to indicate that the type is an array. For example, |
| specify an int type as <code>int[]</code> for an output parameter in the Java |
| signature.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>To return multiple values from a Java method, use an output parameter |
| for each returned value. For example, the <code>supplierInfo()</code> method returns |
| a supplier’s name, address, city, state, and post code, each as a single |
| string in an output parameter:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div style="page-break-after: always;"></div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The <code>supplyQuantities()</code> method returns an average quantity, a minimum |
| quantity, and a maximum quantity to separate output parameters of the |
| integer type:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="java"><span class="directive">public</span> <span class="directive">static</span> <span class="type">void</span> supplyQuantities( <span class="type">int</span><span class="type">[]</span> avgQty |
| , <span class="type">int</span><span class="type">[]</span> minQty |
| , <span class="type">int</span><span class="type">[]</span> maxQty |
| ) <span class="directive">throws</span> <span class="exception">SQLException</span> |
| { |
| |
| ... |
| |
| }</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>For more information about the SPJ examples, see |
| <a href="#sample-spjs">Appendix A: Sample SPJs</a>.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect4"> |
| <h5 id="type-mapping-of-output-parameters">Type Mapping of Output Parameters</h5> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>When writing an SPJ method, consider how the output of the SPJ is |
| used in the calling application. For output parameters, the Java data |
| type of the SPJ method must map to an SQL data type. See |
| <a href="#table-1">Table 1</a>.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The SQL data type must then map to a compatible data type in the calling |
| application. For the client application programming interfaces (APIs) that |
| support SPJs and for cross-references to the appropriate manuals for type |
| mappings between Trafodion SQL and each API, see |
| <a href="#execute-spjs">Execute SPJs</a> below.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="returning-stored-procedure-result-sets">4.1.3. Returning Stored Procedure Result Sets</h4> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Trafodion supports SPJs that return stored procedure |
| result sets. A stored procedure result set is a cursor that is left open |
| after the SPJ method executes (that is, after the CALL statement |
| executes successfully). After the CALL statement executes successfully, |
| the calling application can issue requests to open and then retrieve |
| multiple rows of data from the returned result sets.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>An SPJ method returns an ordered collection of result sets to the |
| calling application by executing SELECT statements and placing each |
| returned ResultSet object into a one-element Java array of type |
| <code>java.sql.ResultSet[]</code>. The <code>java.sql.ResultSet[]</code> array is part of the Java |
| method’s signature and is recognized by the database engine as a |
| container for a single stored procedure result set.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Place the <code>java.sql.ResultSet[]</code> parameters after the other Java |
| parameters, if any, in the Java signature. If you do not place the |
| <code>java.sql.ResultSet[]</code> parameters after the other |
| parameters in the signature, the database engine prevents you from |
| creating an SPJ using that Java method. This example shows the |
| declaration of an SPJ method, <code>orderSummary()</code>, which returns a maximum of |
| two result sets:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="java"><span class="directive">public</span> <span class="directive">static</span> <span class="type">void</span> orderSummary( java.lang.String onOrAfter |
| , <span class="type">long</span><span class="type">[]</span> numOrders |
| , java.sql.ResultSet<span class="type">[]</span> orders |
| , java.sql.ResultSet<span class="type">[]</span> detail |
| )</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>This code fragment shows how the <code>orderSummary()</code> method returns one of |
| its result sets by executing a SELECT statement and assigning the |
| <code>java.sql.ResultSet</code> object to a <code>java.sql.ResultSet[]</code> output array:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="java"><span class="comment">// Open a result set for order num, order info rows</span> |
| java.lang.String s = |
| <span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">SELECT amounts.*, orders.order_date, emps.last_name </span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span> |
| + <span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">FROM ( SELECT o.ordernum, COUNT( d.partnum ) AS num_parts, </span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span> |
| + <span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content"> SUM( d.unit_price * d.qty_ordered ) AS amount </span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span> |
| + <span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content"> FROM trafodion.sales.orders o, trafodion.sales.odetail d </span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span> |
| + <span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content"> WHERE o.ordernum = d.ordernum </span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span> |
| + <span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content"> AND o.order_date >= CAST(? AS DATE) </span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span> |
| + <span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content"> GROUP BY o.ordernum ) amounts, </span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span> |
| + <span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content"> trafodion.sales.orders orders, trafodion.persnl.employee emps </span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span> |
| + <span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">WHERE amounts.ordernum = orders.ordernum </span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span> |
| + <span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content"> AND orders.salesrep = emps.empnum </span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span> |
| + <span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">ORDER BY orders.ordernum </span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span> |
| ; |
| |
| java.sql.PreparedStatement ps2 = conn.prepareStatement(s) ; |
| ps2.setString( <span class="integer">1</span>, onOrAfter ) ; |
| |
| <span class="comment">// Assign the returned result set object to the first element of a</span> |
| <span class="comment">// java.sql.ResultSet[] output array</span> |
| orders[<span class="integer">0</span>] = ps2.executeQuery() ;</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>For the entire example, see |
| <a href="#ordersummary-procedure">ORDERSUMMARY Procedure</a>.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="admonitionblock important"> |
| <table> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="icon"> |
| <i class="fa icon-important" title="Important"></i> |
| </td> |
| <td class="content"> |
| In an SPJ method that returns result sets, do not explicitly close |
| the default connection or the statement object. The database engine closes the |
| connection used to return result sets after it finishes processing the result |
| sets. If you close the connection on which the result sets are being returned, |
| those result sets will be lost, and the calling application will not be able |
| to process them. |
| </td> |
| </tr> |
| </table> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>An SPJ method can return result sets that contain any data types, except |
| large object (LOB) data. An SPJ method can return a holdable or |
| updatable cursor as a result set. However, Trafodion SQL does not expose |
| those attributes in the calling application. An SPJ method can return a |
| ResultSet object that is a stored procedure result set acquired from a |
| nested CALL statement executed by the SPJ method. However, you are |
| discouraged from nesting CALL statements in SPJ methods. For more |
| information, see <a href="#nested-java-method-invocations">Nested Java Method Invocations</a>.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div style="page-break-after: always;"></div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>If an SPJ method returns multiple ResultSet objects, the database engine |
| sorts the collection of valid result sets in chronological order |
| according to when the underlying SQL statements were executed. If the |
| number of result sets exceeds the declared maximum for the SPJ, only the |
| first set of result sets up to the maximum number are returned. The |
| database engine discards the other result sets and returns a warning to |
| the calling application.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>When an SPJ method returns a ResultSet object through a |
| <code>java.sql.ResultSet[]</code> parameter, Trafodion SQL exposes the underlying rows |
| of data as an SQL cursor in the calling application.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>If a returned result set is a scrollable cursor, all underlying rows are |
| included in the result set and are available to the calling application. |
| If a returned result set is not scrollable, only those rows not |
| processed by the SPJ method are included in the result set and are |
| available to the calling application. If an SPJ method returns multiple |
| occurrences of the same ResultSet object, the database engine ignores |
| all but one occurrence and makes the underlying rows available to the |
| calling application as a single result set.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>For information about processing result sets in different calling |
| applications, see:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p><a href="#returning-result-sets-in-trafci">Returning Result Sets in trafci</a></p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><a href="#returning-result-sets-in-an-odbc-client-application">Returning Result Sets in an ODBC Client Application</a></p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><a href="#returning-result-sets-in-a-jdbc-client-application">Returning Result Sets in a JDBC Client Application</a></p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="using-the-main-method">4.1.4. Using the main() Method</h4> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>You can use the <code>main()</code> method of a Java class file as an SPJ method. The |
| <code>main()</code> method is different from other Java methods because it accepts |
| input values in an array of <code>java.lang.String</code> objects and does not return |
| any values in its array parameter.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>For example, you can register this main() method as an SPJ:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="java"><span class="directive">public</span> <span class="directive">static</span> <span class="type">void</span> main (java.lang.String <span class="type">[]</span> args) |
| { |
| |
| ... |
| |
| }</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>When you register a <code>main()</code> method as an SPJ, you can specify zero or |
| more SQL parameters, even though the underlying <code>main()</code> method has only |
| one array parameter. All the SQL parameters of the SPJ must have the |
| character string data type, CHAR or VARCHAR, and be declared with the IN |
| mode.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>If you specify the optional Java signature, the signature must be |
| (<code>java.lang.String []</code>). For more information about registering an SPJ, |
| see <a href="#create-spjs">Create SPJs</a>.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="null-input-and-output">4.1.5. Null Input and Output</h4> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>You can pass a <code>null</code> value as input to or output from an SPJ method, |
| provided that the Java data type of the parameter supports nulls. Java |
| primitive data types do not support nulls. However, Java wrapper classes |
| that correspond to primitive data types do support nulls. If a null is |
| input or output for a parameter that does not support nulls, the |
| database engine raises an error condition.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>To anticipate null input or output for your SPJ, use Java wrapper |
| classes instead of primitive data types in the method signature.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>For example, this Java method uses a Java primitive data type in its |
| signature where no null values are expected:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="java"><span class="directive">public</span> <span class="directive">static</span> <span class="type">void</span> employeeJob( <span class="type">int</span> empNum, <span class="predefined-type">Integer</span><span class="type">[]</span> jobCode )</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>This Java method also uses a Java wrapper class in its signature to |
| anticipate a possible returned null value:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="java"><span class="directive">public</span> <span class="directive">static</span> <span class="type">void</span> employeeJob( <span class="type">int</span> empNum, <span class="predefined-type">Integer</span><span class="type">[]</span> jobCode )</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="static-java-variables">4.1.6. Static Java Variables</h4> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>To ensure that your SPJ method is portable, you should avoid using |
| static variables in the method. The database engine does not ensure the |
| scope and persistence of static Java variables.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="nested-java-method-invocations">4.1.7. Nested Java Method Invocations</h4> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>An SPJ that invokes another SPJ by issuing a CALL statement causes |
| additional system resources to be used. If you want an SPJ method to |
| call another SPJ method, consider invoking the other Java method |
| directly through Java instead of using a CALL statement. The other Java |
| method should be packaged in the same JAR file as the SPJ method. For |
| more information, see |
| <a href="#compiling-and-packaging-java-classes">Compiling and Packaging Java Classes</a>.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div style="page-break-after: always;"></div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="accessing-a-trafodion-database">4.2. Accessing Trafodion</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>SPJ methods that access Trafodion must be from a Java class |
| that uses JDBC method calls. Follow these guidelines when writing an SPJ |
| method that accesses Trafodion:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="use-of-java.sql.connection-objects">4.2.1. Use of java.sql.Connection Objects</h4> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Trafodion supports a default connection in an SPJ |
| execution environment, which has a data source URL of |
| <code>"jdbc:default:connection"</code>. For example:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="java"><span class="predefined-type">Connection</span> conn = |
| <span class="predefined-type">DriverManager</span>.getConnection( <span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">jdbc:default:connection</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span> ) ;</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p><code>java.sql.Connection</code> objects that use the <code>"jdbc:default:connection"</code> URL |
| are portable to Trafodion from other database management |
| systems (DBMSs).</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect4"> |
| <h5 id="closing-default-connections">Closing Default Connections</h5> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Trafodion controls default connections in the SPJ |
| environment and closes default connections when they are no longer |
| needed. Therefore, you do not need to use the <code>close()</code> method in an SPJ |
| method to explicitly close a default connection when the connection is |
| no longer needed.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="admonitionblock important"> |
| <table> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="icon"> |
| <i class="fa icon-important" title="Important"></i> |
| </td> |
| <td class="content"> |
| If an SPJ method returns result sets, you should not explicitly |
| close the default connection. The database engine closes the connection used |
| to return result sets after it finishes processing the result sets. If an SPJ |
| method closes the connection on which the result sets are being returned, those |
| result sets will be lost, and the calling application will not be able to |
| process them. The JVM does not return an error or warning when the |
| connection is closed. |
| </td> |
| </tr> |
| </table> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>A default connection that is acquired when an SPJ method executes does |
| not necessarily remain open for future invocations of the SPJ method. |
| Therefore, do not store default connections in static variables for |
| future use.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect4"> |
| <h5 id="default-connection-url">Default Connection URL</h5> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The default connection URL, <code>"jdbc:default:connection"</code>, is invalid when |
| the Java method is invoked outside the DBMS, such as when you execute |
| the Java method in a client application. To write an SPJ method that |
| operates in a DBMS, in a client application, or both, without having to |
| change and recompile the code, use the <code>sqlj.defaultconnection</code> system |
| property:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="java"><span class="predefined-type">String</span> s = <span class="predefined-type">System</span>.property( <span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">sqlj.defaultconnection</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span> ) ; |
| <span class="keyword">if</span> ( s == <span class="predefined-constant">null</span> ) |
| { |
| s = other-url ; |
| } |
| |
| <span class="predefined-type">Connection</span> c = <span class="predefined-type">DriverManager</span>.getConnection( s ) ;</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The value of <code>sqlj.defaultconnection</code> is <code>"jdbc:default:connection"</code> in a |
| DBMS and <code>null</code> outside a DBMS.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect4"> |
| <h5 id="connection-pooling">Connection Pooling</h5> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Connection pooling, where a cache of database connections is assigned to |
| a client session and reused, is enabled by default in the SPJ |
| environment. The SPJ environment sets the initial connection pool size |
| to <code>1</code>, but it does not limit the number of connections an SPJ method can |
| make.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The SPJ environment also sets the minimum connection pool size to 1 so that |
| there is always at least one connection available in the pool. The |
| default settings in the SPJ environment are:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p><code>maxPoolSize=0</code></p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><code>minPoolSize=1</code></p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><code>initialPoolSize=1</code></p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>To change these settings, use the properties parameter of the |
| <code>DriverManager.getConnection()</code> method as shown below:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="java">java.util.Properties props = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="predefined-type">Properties</span>() ; |
| |
| props.setProperty( <span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">maxPoolSize</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span>, <span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">10</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span> ) ; |
| props.setProperty( <span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">minPoolSize</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span>, <span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">5</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span> ) ; |
| props.setProperty( <span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">initialPoolSize</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span>, <span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">5</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span> ) ; |
| |
| <span class="predefined-type">Connection</span> conn = |
| <span class="predefined-type">DriverManager</span>.getConnection( <span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">jdbc:default:connection</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span>, props ) ;</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div style="page-break-after: always;"></div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="using-jdbc-method-calls">4.2.2. Using JDBC Method Calls</h4> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Trafodion uses a JDBC Type-4 driver internally to execute |
| the SQL statements inside an SPJ method. To enable an SPJ to perform SQL |
| operations on a Trafodion database, use JDBC method calls in the SPJ |
| method. The JDBC method calls must be supported by the JDBC Type-4 |
| driver on Trafodion.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>For example, if you want the SPJ method to operate on a Trafodion database, |
| use the JDBC API that is supported by Trafodion.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="admonitionblock note"> |
| <table> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="icon"> |
| <i class="fa icon-note" title="Note"></i> |
| </td> |
| <td class="content"> |
| You do not have to explicitly load the JDBC driver before |
| establishing a connection to Trafodion. The database engine |
| automatically loads the JDBC driver when the SPJ is called. |
| </td> |
| </tr> |
| </table> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Here is an example of an SPJ method, <code>adjustSalary()</code>, that uses JDBC |
| method calls to adjust an employee’s salary in the EMPLOYEE table:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="java"><span class="directive">public</span> <span class="type">class</span> <span class="class">Payroll</span>
|
