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<h1>@WebService handlers with @HandlerChain

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<p>In this example we see a basic JAX-WS <code>@WebService</code> component use a handler chain to alter incoming and outgoing SOAP messages.  SOAP Handlers are similar to Servlet Filters or EJB/CDI Interceptors.</p>

<p>At high level, the steps involved are:</p>

<ol>
<li>Create handler(s) implementing <code>javax.xml.ws.handler.soap.SOAPHandler</code></li>
<li>Declare and order them in an xml file via <code>&lt;handler-chain&gt;</code></li>
<li>Associate the xml file with an <code>@WebService</code> component via <code>@HandlerChain</code></li>
</ol>

<h2>The @HandlerChain</h2>

<p>First we'll start with our plain <code>@WebService</code> bean, called <code>Calculator</code>, which is annotated with <code>@HandlerChain</code></p>

<pre><code>@Singleton
@WebService(
        portName = "CalculatorPort",
        serviceName = "CalculatorService",
        targetNamespace = "http://superbiz.org/wsdl",
        endpointInterface = "org.superbiz.calculator.wsh.CalculatorWs")
@HandlerChain(file = "handlers.xml")
public class Calculator implements CalculatorWs {

    public int sum(int add1, int add2) {
        return add1 + add2;
    }

    public int multiply(int mul1, int mul2) {
        return mul1 * mul2;
    }
}
</code></pre>

<p>Here we see <code>@HandlerChain</code> pointing to a file called <code>handlers.xml</code>.  This file could be called anything, but it must be in the same jar and java package as our <code>Calculator</code> component.</p>

<h2>The &lt;handler-chains> file</h2>

<p>Our <code>Calculator</code> service is in the package <code>org.superbiz.calculator.wsh</code>, which means our handler chain xml file must be at <code>org/superbiz/calculator/wsh/handlers.xml</code> in our application's classpath or the file will not be found and no handlers will be used.</p>

<p>In maven we achieve this by putting our handlers.xml in <code>src/main/resources</code> like so:</p>

<ul>
<li><code>src/main/resources/org/superbiz/calculator/wsh/handlers.xml</code></li>
</ul>

<p>With this file we declare and <strong>order</strong> our handler chain.</p>

<pre><code>&lt;?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?&gt;
&lt;handler-chains xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"&gt;
  &lt;handler-chain&gt;
    &lt;handler&gt;
      &lt;handler-name&gt;org.superbiz.calculator.wsh.Inflate&lt;/handler-name&gt;
      &lt;handler-class&gt;org.superbiz.calculator.wsh.Inflate&lt;/handler-class&gt;
    &lt;/handler&gt;
    &lt;handler&gt;
      &lt;handler-name&gt;org.superbiz.calculator.wsh.Increment&lt;/handler-name&gt;
      &lt;handler-class&gt;org.superbiz.calculator.wsh.Increment&lt;/handler-class&gt;
    &lt;/handler&gt;
  &lt;/handler-chain&gt;
&lt;/handler-chains&gt;
</code></pre>

<p>The order as you might suspect is:</p>

<ul>
<li><code>Inflate</code></li>
<li><code>Increment</code></li>
</ul>

<h2>The SOAPHandler implementation</h2>

<p>Our <code>Inflate</code> handler has the job of monitoring <em>responses</em> to the <code>sum</code> and <code>multiply</code> operations and making them 1000 times better.  Manipulation of the message is done by walking the <code>SOAPBody</code> and editing the nodes.  The <code>handleMessage</code> method is invoked for both requests and responses, so it is important to check the <code>SOAPBody</code> before attempting to naviage the nodes.</p>

<pre><code>import org.w3c.dom.Node;
import javax.xml.namespace.QName;
import javax.xml.soap.SOAPBody;
import javax.xml.soap.SOAPException;
import javax.xml.soap.SOAPMessage;
import javax.xml.ws.handler.MessageContext;
import javax.xml.ws.handler.soap.SOAPHandler;
import javax.xml.ws.handler.soap.SOAPMessageContext;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Set;

public class Inflate implements SOAPHandler&lt;SOAPMessageContext&gt; {

    public boolean handleMessage(SOAPMessageContext mc) {
        try {
            final SOAPMessage message = mc.getMessage();
            final SOAPBody body = message.getSOAPBody();
            final String localName = body.getFirstChild().getLocalName();

            if ("sumResponse".equals(localName) || "multiplyResponse".equals(localName)) {
                final Node responseNode = body.getFirstChild();
                final Node returnNode = responseNode.getFirstChild();
                final Node intNode = returnNode.getFirstChild();

                final int value = new Integer(intNode.getNodeValue());
                intNode.setNodeValue(Integer.toString(value * 1000));
            }

            return true;
        } catch (SOAPException e) {
            return false;
        }
    }

    public Set&lt;QName&gt; getHeaders() {
        return Collections.emptySet();
    }

    public void close(MessageContext mc) {
    }

    public boolean handleFault(SOAPMessageContext mc) {
        return true;
    }
}
</code></pre>

<p>The <code>Increment</code> handler is identical in code and therefore not shown.  Instead of multiplying by 1000, it simply adds 1.</p>

<h2>The TestCase</h2>

<p>We use the JAX-WS API to create a Java client for our <code>Calculator</code> web service and use it to invoke both the <code>sum</code> and <code>multiply</code> operations.  Note the clever use of math to assert both the existence and order of our handlers.  If <code>Inflate</code> and <code>Increment</code> were reversed, the responses would be 11000 and 13000 respectively.</p>

<pre><code>public class CalculatorTest {

    @BeforeClass
    public static void setUp() throws Exception {
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        properties.setProperty("openejb.embedded.remotable", "true");
        EJBContainer.createEJBContainer(properties);
    }

    @Test
    public void testCalculatorViaWsInterface() throws Exception {
        final Service calculatorService = Service.create(
                new URL("http://127.0.0.1:4204/Calculator?wsdl"),
                new QName("http://superbiz.org/wsdl", "CalculatorService"));

        assertNotNull(calculatorService);

        final CalculatorWs calculator = calculatorService.getPort(CalculatorWs.class);

        // we expect our answers to come back 1000 times better, plus one!
        assertEquals(10001, calculator.sum(4, 6));
        assertEquals(12001, calculator.multiply(3, 4));
    }
}
</code></pre>

<h2>Running the example</h2>

<p>Simply run <code>mvn clean install</code> and you should see output similar to the following:</p>

<pre><code>-------------------------------------------------------
 T E S T S
-------------------------------------------------------
Running org.superbiz.calculator.wsh.CalculatorTest
INFO - openejb.home = /Users/dblevins/work/all/trunk/openejb/examples/webservice-handlers
INFO - openejb.base = /Users/dblevins/work/all/trunk/openejb/examples/webservice-handlers
INFO - Using 'javax.ejb.embeddable.EJBContainer=true'
INFO - Cannot find the configuration file [conf/openejb.xml].  Will attempt to create one for the beans deployed.
INFO - Configuring Service(id=Default Security Service, type=SecurityService, provider-id=Default Security Service)
INFO - Configuring Service(id=Default Transaction Manager, type=TransactionManager, provider-id=Default Transaction Manager)
INFO - Creating TransactionManager(id=Default Transaction Manager)
INFO - Creating SecurityService(id=Default Security Service)
INFO - Beginning load: /Users/dblevins/work/all/trunk/openejb/examples/webservice-handlers/target/test-classes
INFO - Beginning load: /Users/dblevins/work/all/trunk/openejb/examples/webservice-handlers/target/classes
INFO - Configuring enterprise application: /Users/dblevins/work/all/trunk/openejb/examples/webservice-handlers
INFO - Auto-deploying ejb Calculator: EjbDeployment(deployment-id=Calculator)
INFO - Configuring Service(id=Default Singleton Container, type=Container, provider-id=Default Singleton Container)
INFO - Auto-creating a container for bean Calculator: Container(type=SINGLETON, id=Default Singleton Container)
INFO - Creating Container(id=Default Singleton Container)
INFO - Configuring Service(id=Default Managed Container, type=Container, provider-id=Default Managed Container)
INFO - Auto-creating a container for bean org.superbiz.calculator.wsh.CalculatorTest: Container(type=MANAGED, id=Default Managed Container)
INFO - Creating Container(id=Default Managed Container)
INFO - Enterprise application "/Users/dblevins/work/all/trunk/openejb/examples/webservice-handlers" loaded.
INFO - Assembling app: /Users/dblevins/work/all/trunk/openejb/examples/webservice-handlers
INFO - Created Ejb(deployment-id=Calculator, ejb-name=Calculator, container=Default Singleton Container)
INFO - Started Ejb(deployment-id=Calculator, ejb-name=Calculator, container=Default Singleton Container)
INFO - Deployed Application(path=/Users/dblevins/work/all/trunk/openejb/examples/webservice-handlers)
INFO - Initializing network services
INFO - Creating ServerService(id=httpejbd)
INFO - Creating ServerService(id=cxf)
INFO - Creating ServerService(id=admin)
INFO - Creating ServerService(id=ejbd)
INFO - Creating ServerService(id=ejbds)
INFO - Initializing network services
INFO -   ** Starting Services **
INFO -   NAME                 IP              PORT
INFO -   httpejbd             127.0.0.1       4204
INFO - Creating Service {http://superbiz.org/wsdl}CalculatorService from class org.superbiz.calculator.wsh.CalculatorWs
INFO - Setting the server's publish address to be http://nopath:80
INFO - Webservice(wsdl=http://127.0.0.1:4204/Calculator, qname={http://superbiz.org/wsdl}CalculatorService) --&gt; Ejb(id=Calculator)
INFO -   admin thread         127.0.0.1       4200
INFO -   ejbd                 127.0.0.1       4201
INFO -   ejbd                 127.0.0.1       4203
INFO - -------
INFO - Ready!
INFO - Creating Service {http://superbiz.org/wsdl}CalculatorService from WSDL: http://127.0.0.1:4204/Calculator?wsdl
INFO - Creating Service {http://superbiz.org/wsdl}CalculatorService from WSDL: http://127.0.0.1:4204/Calculator?wsdl
INFO - Default SAAJ universe not set
Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 2.783 sec

Results :

Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0
</code></pre>

<h2>Inspecting the messages</h2>

<p>The above would generate the following messages.</p>

<h3>Calculator wsdl</h3>

<pre><code>&lt;?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?&gt;
&lt;wsdl:definitions xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/"
                  name="CalculatorService" targetNamespace="http://superbiz.org/wsdl"
                  xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/soap/"
                  xmlns:tns="http://superbiz.org/wsdl" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"&gt;
  &lt;wsdl:types&gt;
    &lt;xsd:schema attributeFormDefault="unqualified" elementFormDefault="unqualified"
                targetNamespace="http://superbiz.org/wsdl" xmlns:tns="http://superbiz.org/wsdl"
                xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"&gt;
      &lt;xsd:element name="multiply" type="tns:multiply"/&gt;
      &lt;xsd:complexType name="multiply"&gt;
        &lt;xsd:sequence&gt;
          &lt;xsd:element name="arg0" type="xsd:int"/&gt;
          &lt;xsd:element name="arg1" type="xsd:int"/&gt;
        &lt;/xsd:sequence&gt;
      &lt;/xsd:complexType&gt;
      &lt;xsd:element name="multiplyResponse" type="tns:multiplyResponse"/&gt;
      &lt;xsd:complexType name="multiplyResponse"&gt;
        &lt;xsd:sequence&gt;
          &lt;xsd:element name="return" type="xsd:int"/&gt;
        &lt;/xsd:sequence&gt;
      &lt;/xsd:complexType&gt;
      &lt;xsd:element name="sum" type="tns:sum"/&gt;
      &lt;xsd:complexType name="sum"&gt;
        &lt;xsd:sequence&gt;
          &lt;xsd:element name="arg0" type="xsd:int"/&gt;
          &lt;xsd:element name="arg1" type="xsd:int"/&gt;
        &lt;/xsd:sequence&gt;
      &lt;/xsd:complexType&gt;
      &lt;xsd:element name="sumResponse" type="tns:sumResponse"/&gt;
      &lt;xsd:complexType name="sumResponse"&gt;
        &lt;xsd:sequence&gt;
          &lt;xsd:element name="return" type="xsd:int"/&gt;
        &lt;/xsd:sequence&gt;
      &lt;/xsd:complexType&gt;
    &lt;/xsd:schema&gt;
  &lt;/wsdl:types&gt;
  &lt;wsdl:message name="multiplyResponse"&gt;
    &lt;wsdl:part element="tns:multiplyResponse" name="parameters"&gt;
    &lt;/wsdl:part&gt;
  &lt;/wsdl:message&gt;
  &lt;wsdl:message name="sumResponse"&gt;
    &lt;wsdl:part element="tns:sumResponse" name="parameters"&gt;
    &lt;/wsdl:part&gt;
  &lt;/wsdl:message&gt;
  &lt;wsdl:message name="sum"&gt;
    &lt;wsdl:part element="tns:sum" name="parameters"&gt;
    &lt;/wsdl:part&gt;
  &lt;/wsdl:message&gt;
  &lt;wsdl:message name="multiply"&gt;
    &lt;wsdl:part element="tns:multiply" name="parameters"&gt;
    &lt;/wsdl:part&gt;
  &lt;/wsdl:message&gt;
  &lt;wsdl:portType name="CalculatorWs"&gt;
    &lt;wsdl:operation name="multiply"&gt;
      &lt;wsdl:input message="tns:multiply" name="multiply"&gt;
      &lt;/wsdl:input&gt;
      &lt;wsdl:output message="tns:multiplyResponse" name="multiplyResponse"&gt;
      &lt;/wsdl:output&gt;
    &lt;/wsdl:operation&gt;
    &lt;wsdl:operation name="sum"&gt;
      &lt;wsdl:input message="tns:sum" name="sum"&gt;
      &lt;/wsdl:input&gt;
      &lt;wsdl:output message="tns:sumResponse" name="sumResponse"&gt;
      &lt;/wsdl:output&gt;
    &lt;/wsdl:operation&gt;
  &lt;/wsdl:portType&gt;
  &lt;wsdl:binding name="CalculatorServiceSoapBinding" type="tns:CalculatorWs"&gt;
    &lt;soap:binding style="document" transport="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/http"/&gt;
    &lt;wsdl:operation name="multiply"&gt;
      &lt;soap:operation soapAction="" style="document"/&gt;
      &lt;wsdl:input name="multiply"&gt;
        &lt;soap:body use="literal"/&gt;
      &lt;/wsdl:input&gt;
      &lt;wsdl:output name="multiplyResponse"&gt;
        &lt;soap:body use="literal"/&gt;
      &lt;/wsdl:output&gt;
    &lt;/wsdl:operation&gt;
    &lt;wsdl:operation name="sum"&gt;
      &lt;soap:operation soapAction="" style="document"/&gt;
      &lt;wsdl:input name="sum"&gt;
        &lt;soap:body use="literal"/&gt;
      &lt;/wsdl:input&gt;
      &lt;wsdl:output name="sumResponse"&gt;
        &lt;soap:body use="literal"/&gt;
      &lt;/wsdl:output&gt;
    &lt;/wsdl:operation&gt;
  &lt;/wsdl:binding&gt;
  &lt;wsdl:service name="CalculatorService"&gt;
    &lt;wsdl:port binding="tns:CalculatorServiceSoapBinding" name="CalculatorPort"&gt;
      &lt;soap:address location="http://127.0.0.1:4204/Calculator?wsdl"/&gt;
    &lt;/wsdl:port&gt;
  &lt;/wsdl:service&gt;
&lt;/wsdl:definitions&gt;
</code></pre>

<h3>SOAP sum and sumResponse</h3>

<p>Request:</p>

<pre><code>&lt;?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?&gt;
&lt;soap:Envelope xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/"&gt;
  &lt;soap:Body&gt;
    &lt;ns1:sum xmlns:ns1="http://superbiz.org/wsdl"&gt;
      &lt;arg0&gt;4&lt;/arg0&gt;
      &lt;arg1&gt;6&lt;/arg1&gt;
    &lt;/ns1:sum&gt;
  &lt;/soap:Body&gt;
&lt;/soap:Envelope&gt;
</code></pre>

<p>Response:</p>

<pre><code>&lt;?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?&gt;
&lt;soap:Envelope xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/"&gt;
  &lt;soap:Body&gt;
    &lt;ns1:sumResponse xmlns:ns1="http://superbiz.org/wsdl"&gt;
      &lt;return&gt;10001&lt;/return&gt;
    &lt;/ns1:sumResponse&gt;
  &lt;/soap:Body&gt;
&lt;/soap:Envelope&gt;
</code></pre>

<h3>SOAP multiply and multiplyResponse</h3>

<p>Request:</p>

<pre><code>&lt;?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?&gt;
&lt;soap:Envelope xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/"&gt;
  &lt;soap:Body&gt;
    &lt;ns1:multiply xmlns:ns1="http://superbiz.org/wsdl"&gt;
      &lt;arg0&gt;3&lt;/arg0&gt;
      &lt;arg1&gt;4&lt;/arg1&gt;
    &lt;/ns1:multiply&gt;
  &lt;/soap:Body&gt;
&lt;/soap:Envelope&gt;
</code></pre>

<p>Response:</p>

<pre><code>&lt;?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?&gt;
&lt;soap:Envelope xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/"&gt;
  &lt;soap:Body&gt;
    &lt;ns1:multiplyResponse xmlns:ns1="http://superbiz.org/wsdl"&gt;
      &lt;return&gt;12001&lt;/return&gt;
    &lt;/ns1:multiplyResponse&gt;
  &lt;/soap:Body&gt;
&lt;/soap:Envelope&gt;
</code></pre>


<div class="page-header">&nbsp;</div>
<h4>APIs Used</h4>
<ul><li><a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javaee/6/api/javax/ejb/Singleton.html">javax.ejb.Singleton</a></li>
<li><a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javaee/6/api/javax/ejb/embeddable/EJBContainer.html">javax.ejb.embeddable.EJBContainer</a></li>
<li><a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javaee/6/api/javax/jws/HandlerChain.html">javax.jws.HandlerChain</a></li>
<li><a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javaee/6/api/javax/jws/WebService.html">javax.jws.WebService</a></li>
<li><a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javaee/6/api/javax/xml/namespace/QName.html">javax.xml.namespace.QName</a></li>
<li><a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javaee/6/api/javax/xml/soap/SOAPBody.html">javax.xml.soap.SOAPBody</a></li>
<li><a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javaee/6/api/javax/xml/soap/SOAPException.html">javax.xml.soap.SOAPException</a></li>
<li><a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javaee/6/api/javax/xml/soap/SOAPMessage.html">javax.xml.soap.SOAPMessage</a></li>
<li><a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javaee/6/api/javax/xml/ws/Service.html">javax.xml.ws.Service</a></li>
<li><a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javaee/6/api/javax/xml/ws/handler/MessageContext.html">javax.xml.ws.handler.MessageContext</a></li>
<li><a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javaee/6/api/javax/xml/ws/handler/soap/SOAPHandler.html">javax.xml.ws.handler.soap.SOAPHandler</a></li>
<li><a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javaee/6/api/javax/xml/ws/handler/soap/SOAPMessageContext.html">javax.xml.ws.handler.soap.SOAPMessageContext</a></li>
</ul>

<h3>Source</h3>
  <ul>
      <li>Apache <a href="http://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/tomee/tomee/trunk/examples/webservice-handlerchain">webservice-handlerchain</a></li>
      <li>Github <a href="https://github.com/apache/tomee/tree/trunk/examples/webservice-handlerchain">webservice-handlerchain</a></li>
  </ul>
<pre>
svn co http://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/tomee/tomee/trunk/examples/webservice-handlerchain
cd webservice-handlerchain
mvn clean install
</pre>


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