/*
 * Copyright 1999,2004 The Apache Software Foundation.
 * 
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 * 
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 * 
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */


package org.apache.catalina.session;


import java.beans.PropertyChangeListener;
import java.beans.PropertyChangeSupport;
import java.io.DataInputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.security.AccessController;
import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.PrivilegedAction;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Random;

import javax.management.MBeanRegistration;
import javax.management.MBeanServer;
import javax.management.ObjectName;

import org.apache.catalina.Container;
import org.apache.catalina.Engine;
import org.apache.catalina.Manager;
import org.apache.catalina.Session;
import org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext;
import org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost;
import org.apache.catalina.util.StringManager;
import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
import org.apache.commons.modeler.Registry;


/**
 * Minimal implementation of the <b>Manager</b> interface that supports
 * no session persistence or distributable capabilities.  This class may
 * be subclassed to create more sophisticated Manager implementations.
 *
 * @author Craig R. McClanahan
 * @version $Revision$ $Date$
 */

public abstract class ManagerBase implements Manager, MBeanRegistration {
    protected Log log = LogFactory.getLog(ManagerBase.class);

    // ----------------------------------------------------- Instance Variables

    protected DataInputStream randomIS=null;
    protected String devRandomSource="/dev/urandom";

    /**
     * The default message digest algorithm to use if we cannot use
     * the requested one.
     */
    protected static final String DEFAULT_ALGORITHM = "MD5";


    /**
     * The message digest algorithm to be used when generating session
     * identifiers.  This must be an algorithm supported by the
     * <code>java.security.MessageDigest</code> class on your platform.
     */
    protected String algorithm = DEFAULT_ALGORITHM;


    /**
     * The Container with which this Manager is associated.
     */
    protected Container container;


    /**
     * Return the MessageDigest implementation to be used when
     * creating session identifiers.
     */
    protected MessageDigest digest = null;


    /**
     * The distributable flag for Sessions created by this Manager.  If this
     * flag is set to <code>true</code>, any user attributes added to a
     * session controlled by this Manager must be Serializable.
     */
    protected boolean distributable;


    /**
     * A String initialization parameter used to increase the entropy of
     * the initialization of our random number generator.
     */
    protected String entropy = null;


    /**
     * The descriptive information string for this implementation.
     */
    private static final String info = "ManagerBase/1.0";


    /**
     * The default maximum inactive interval for Sessions created by
     * this Manager.
     */
    protected int maxInactiveInterval = 60;


    /**
     * The session id length of Sessions created by this Manager.
     */
    protected int sessionIdLength = 16;


    /**
     * The descriptive name of this Manager implementation (for logging).
     */
    protected static String name = "ManagerBase";


    /**
     * A random number generator to use when generating session identifiers.
     */
    protected Random random = null;


    /**
     * The Java class name of the random number generator class to be used
     * when generating session identifiers.
     */
    protected String randomClass = "java.security.SecureRandom";


    /**
     * The longest time (in seconds) that an expired session had been alive.
     */
    protected int sessionMaxAliveTime;


    /**
     * Average time (in seconds) that expired sessions had been alive.
     */
    protected int sessionAverageAliveTime;


    /**
     * Number of sessions that have expired.
     */
    protected int expiredSessions = 0;


    /**
     * The set of currently active Sessions for this Manager, keyed by
     * session identifier.
     */
    protected HashMap sessions = new HashMap();

    // Number of sessions created by this manager
    protected int sessionCounter=0;

    protected int maxActive=0;

    // number of duplicated session ids - anything >0 means we have problems
    protected int duplicates=0;

    protected boolean initialized=false;

    /**
     * The string manager for this package.
     */
    protected static StringManager sm =
        StringManager.getManager(Constants.Package);

    /**
     * The property change support for this component.
     */
    protected PropertyChangeSupport support = new PropertyChangeSupport(this);
    
    // ------------------------------------------------------------- Security classes
    private class PrivilegedSetRandomFile implements PrivilegedAction{
        
        public Object run(){               
            try {
                File f=new File( devRandomSource );
                if( ! f.exists() ) return null;
                randomIS= new DataInputStream( new FileInputStream(f));
                randomIS.readLong();
                if( log.isDebugEnabled() )
                    log.debug( "Opening " + devRandomSource );
                return randomIS;
            } catch (IOException ex){
                return null;
            }
        }
    }


    // ------------------------------------------------------------- Properties

    /**
     * Return the message digest algorithm for this Manager.
     */
    public String getAlgorithm() {

        return (this.algorithm);

    }


    /**
     * Set the message digest algorithm for this Manager.
     *
     * @param algorithm The new message digest algorithm
     */
    public void setAlgorithm(String algorithm) {

        String oldAlgorithm = this.algorithm;
        this.algorithm = algorithm;
        support.firePropertyChange("algorithm", oldAlgorithm, this.algorithm);

    }


    /**
     * Return the Container with which this Manager is associated.
     */
    public Container getContainer() {

        return (this.container);

    }


    /**
     * Set the Container with which this Manager is associated.
     *
     * @param container The newly associated Container
     */
    public void setContainer(Container container) {

        Container oldContainer = this.container;
        this.container = container;
        support.firePropertyChange("container", oldContainer, this.container);
        // TODO: find a good scheme for the log names
        //log=LogFactory.getLog("tomcat.manager." + container.getName());
    }


    /** Returns the name of the implementation class.
     */
    public String getClassName() {
        return this.getClass().getName();
    }


    /**
     * Return the MessageDigest object to be used for calculating
     * session identifiers.  If none has been created yet, initialize
     * one the first time this method is called.
     */
    public synchronized MessageDigest getDigest() {

        if (this.digest == null) {
            long t1=System.currentTimeMillis();
            if (log.isDebugEnabled())
                log.debug(sm.getString("managerBase.getting", algorithm));
            try {
                this.digest = MessageDigest.getInstance(algorithm);
            } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
                log.error(sm.getString("managerBase.digest", algorithm), e);
                try {
                    this.digest = MessageDigest.getInstance(DEFAULT_ALGORITHM);
                } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException f) {
                    log.error(sm.getString("managerBase.digest",
                                     DEFAULT_ALGORITHM), e);
                    this.digest = null;
                }
            }
            if (log.isDebugEnabled())
                log.debug(sm.getString("managerBase.gotten"));
            long t2=System.currentTimeMillis();
            if( log.isDebugEnabled() )
                log.debug("getDigest() " + (t2-t1));
        }

        return (this.digest);

    }


    /**
     * Return the distributable flag for the sessions supported by
     * this Manager.
     */
    public boolean getDistributable() {

        return (this.distributable);

    }


    /**
     * Set the distributable flag for the sessions supported by this
     * Manager.  If this flag is set, all user data objects added to
     * sessions associated with this manager must implement Serializable.
     *
     * @param distributable The new distributable flag
     */
    public void setDistributable(boolean distributable) {

        boolean oldDistributable = this.distributable;
        this.distributable = distributable;
        support.firePropertyChange("distributable",
                                   new Boolean(oldDistributable),
                                   new Boolean(this.distributable));

    }


    /**
     * Return the entropy increaser value, or compute a semi-useful value
     * if this String has not yet been set.
     */
    public String getEntropy() {

        // Calculate a semi-useful value if this has not been set
        if (this.entropy == null)
            setEntropy(this.toString());

        return (this.entropy);

    }


    /**
     * Set the entropy increaser value.
     *
     * @param entropy The new entropy increaser value
     */
    public void setEntropy(String entropy) {

        String oldEntropy = entropy;
        this.entropy = entropy;
        support.firePropertyChange("entropy", oldEntropy, this.entropy);

    }


    /**
     * Return descriptive information about this Manager implementation and
     * the corresponding version number, in the format
     * <code>&lt;description&gt;/&lt;version&gt;</code>.
     */
    public String getInfo() {

        return (info);

    }


    /**
     * Return the default maximum inactive interval (in seconds)
     * for Sessions created by this Manager.
     */
    public int getMaxInactiveInterval() {

        return (this.maxInactiveInterval);

    }


    /**
     * Set the default maximum inactive interval (in seconds)
     * for Sessions created by this Manager.
     *
     * @param interval The new default value
     */
    public void setMaxInactiveInterval(int interval) {

        int oldMaxInactiveInterval = this.maxInactiveInterval;
        this.maxInactiveInterval = interval;
        support.firePropertyChange("maxInactiveInterval",
                                   new Integer(oldMaxInactiveInterval),
                                   new Integer(this.maxInactiveInterval));

    }


    /**
     * Gets the session id length (in bytes) of Sessions created by
     * this Manager.
     *
     * @return The session id length
     */
    public int getSessionIdLength() {

        return (this.sessionIdLength);

    }


    /**
     * Sets the session id length (in bytes) for Sessions created by this
     * Manager.
     *
     * @param idLength The session id length
     */
    public void setSessionIdLength(int idLength) {

        int oldSessionIdLength = this.sessionIdLength;
        this.sessionIdLength = idLength;
        support.firePropertyChange("sessionIdLength",
                                   new Integer(oldSessionIdLength),
                                   new Integer(this.sessionIdLength));

    }


    /**
     * Return the descriptive short name of this Manager implementation.
     */
    public String getName() {

        return (name);

    }

    /** 
     * Use /dev/random-type special device. This is new code, but may reduce
     * the big delay in generating the random.
     *
     *  You must specify a path to a random generator file. Use /dev/urandom
     *  for linux ( or similar ) systems. Use /dev/random for maximum security
     *  ( it may block if not enough "random" exist ). You can also use
     *  a pipe that generates random.
     *
     *  The code will check if the file exists, and default to java Random
     *  if not found. There is a significant performance difference, very
     *  visible on the first call to getSession ( like in the first JSP )
     *  - so use it if available.
     */
    public void setRandomFile( String s ) {
    // as a hack, you can use a static file - and genarate the same
    // session ids ( good for strange debugging )
        if (System.getSecurityManager() != null){
                randomIS = (DataInputStream)AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedSetRandomFile());          
            } else {
                try{
                    devRandomSource=s;
                    File f=new File( devRandomSource );
                    if( ! f.exists() ) return;
                    randomIS= new DataInputStream( new FileInputStream(f));
                    randomIS.readLong();
                    if( log.isDebugEnabled() )
                        log.debug( "Opening " + devRandomSource );
                } catch( IOException ex ) {
                    try {
			randomIS.close();
		    } catch (Exception e) {
                        log.warn("Failed to close randomIS.");
		    }

                    randomIS=null;
                }
            }
    }

    public String getRandomFile() {
        return devRandomSource;
    }


    /**
     * Return the random number generator instance we should use for
     * generating session identifiers.  If there is no such generator
     * currently defined, construct and seed a new one.
     */
    public synchronized Random getRandom() {
        if (this.random == null) {
            synchronized (this) {
                if (this.random == null) {
                    // Calculate the new random number generator seed
                    long seed = System.currentTimeMillis();
                    long t1 = seed;
                    char entropy[] = getEntropy().toCharArray();
                    for (int i = 0; i < entropy.length; i++) {
                        long update = ((byte) entropy[i]) << ((i % 8) * 8);
                        seed ^= update;
                    }
                    try {
                        // Construct and seed a new random number generator
                        Class clazz = Class.forName(randomClass);
                        this.random = (Random) clazz.newInstance();
                        this.random.setSeed(seed);
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                        // Fall back to the simple case
                        log.error(sm.getString("managerBase.random", randomClass),
                            e);
                        this.random = new java.util.Random();
                        this.random.setSeed(seed);
                    }
                    long t2=System.currentTimeMillis();
                    if( (t2-t1) > 100 )
                        log.debug(sm.getString("managerBase.seeding", randomClass) + " " + (t2-t1));
                }
            }
        }

        return (this.random);

    }


    /**
     * Return the random number generator class name.
     */
    public String getRandomClass() {

        return (this.randomClass);

    }


    /**
     * Set the random number generator class name.
     *
     * @param randomClass The new random number generator class name
     */
    public void setRandomClass(String randomClass) {

        String oldRandomClass = this.randomClass;
        this.randomClass = randomClass;
        support.firePropertyChange("randomClass", oldRandomClass,
                                   this.randomClass);

    }


    /**
     * Gets the number of sessions that have expired.
     *
     * @return Number of sessions that have expired
     */
    public int getExpiredSessions() {
        return expiredSessions;
    }


    /**
     * Sets the number of sessions that have expired.
     *
     * @param expiredSessions Number of sessions that have expired
     */
    public void setExpiredSessions(int expiredSessions) {
        this.expiredSessions = expiredSessions;
    }


    // --------------------------------------------------------- Public Methods


    /**
     * Implements the Manager interface, direct call to processExpires
     */
    public void backgroundProcess() {
    }


    public void destroy() {
        if( oname != null )
            Registry.getRegistry(null, null).unregisterComponent(oname);
        initialized=false;
        oname = null;
    }
    
    public void init() {
        if( initialized ) return;
        initialized=true;        
        
        if( oname==null ) {
            try {
                StandardContext ctx=(StandardContext)this.getContainer();
                Engine eng=(Engine)ctx.getParent().getParent();
                domain=ctx.getEngineName();
                StandardHost hst=(StandardHost)ctx.getParent();
                String path = ctx.getPath();
                if (path.equals("")) {
                    path = "/";
                }   
                oname=new ObjectName(domain + ":type=Manager,path="
                + path + ",host=" + hst.getName());
                Registry.getRegistry(null, null).registerComponent(this, oname, null );
            } catch (Exception e) {
                log.error("Error registering ",e);
            }
        }
        log.debug("Registering " + oname );
               
    }

    /**
     * Add this Session to the set of active Sessions for this Manager.
     *
     * @param session Session to be added
     */
    public void add(Session session) {

        synchronized (sessions) {
            sessions.put(session.getId(), session);
            if( sessions.size() > maxActive ) {
                maxActive=sessions.size();
            }
        }
    }


    /**
     * Add a property change listener to this component.
     *
     * @param listener The listener to add
     */
    public void addPropertyChangeListener(PropertyChangeListener listener) {

        support.addPropertyChangeListener(listener);

    }


    /**
     * Construct and return a new session object, based on the default
     * settings specified by this Manager's properties.  The session
     * id will be assigned by this method, and available via the getId()
     * method of the returned session.  If a new session cannot be created
     * for any reason, return <code>null</code>.
     *
     * @exception IllegalStateException if a new session cannot be
     *  instantiated for any reason
     */
    public Session createSession() {

        // Recycle or create a Session instance
        Session session = createEmptySession();

        // Initialize the properties of the new session and return it
        session.setNew(true);
        session.setValid(true);
        session.setCreationTime(System.currentTimeMillis());
        session.setMaxInactiveInterval(this.maxInactiveInterval);
        String sessionId = generateSessionId();
        session.setId(sessionId);
        sessionCounter++;

        return (session);

    }


    /**
     * Get a session from the recycled ones or create a new empty one.
     * The PersistentManager manager does not need to create session data
     * because it reads it from the Store.
     */
    public Session createEmptySession() {
        return (getNewSession());
    }


    /**
     * Return the active Session, associated with this Manager, with the
     * specified session id (if any); otherwise return <code>null</code>.
     *
     * @param id The session id for the session to be returned
     *
     * @exception IllegalStateException if a new session cannot be
     *  instantiated for any reason
     * @exception IOException if an input/output error occurs while
     *  processing this request
     */
    public Session findSession(String id) throws IOException {

        if (id == null)
            return (null);
        synchronized (sessions) {
            Session session = (Session) sessions.get(id);
            return (session);
        }

    }


    /**
     * Return the set of active Sessions associated with this Manager.
     * If this Manager has no active Sessions, a zero-length array is returned.
     */
    public Session[] findSessions() {

        Session results[] = null;
        synchronized (sessions) {
            results = new Session[sessions.size()];
            results = (Session[]) sessions.values().toArray(results);
        }
        return (results);

    }


    /**
     * Remove this Session from the active Sessions for this Manager.
     *
     * @param session Session to be removed
     */
    public void remove(Session session) {

        synchronized (sessions) {
            sessions.remove(session.getId());
        }

    }


    /**
     * Remove a property change listener from this component.
     *
     * @param listener The listener to remove
     */
    public void removePropertyChangeListener(PropertyChangeListener listener) {

        support.removePropertyChangeListener(listener);

    }


    // ------------------------------------------------------ Protected Methods


    /**
     * Get new session class to be used in the doLoad() method.
     */
    protected StandardSession getNewSession() {
        return new StandardSession(this);
    }


    protected void getRandomBytes( byte bytes[] ) {
        // Generate a byte array containing a session identifier
        if( devRandomSource!=null && randomIS==null ) {
            setRandomFile( devRandomSource );
        }
        if(randomIS!=null ) {
            try {
                int len=randomIS.read( bytes );
                if( len==bytes.length ) {
                    return;
                }
                log.debug("Got " + len + " " + bytes.length );
            } catch( Exception ex ) {
            }
            devRandomSource=null;
 
            try {
		randomIS.close();
	    } catch (Exception e) {
                log.warn("Failed to close randomIS.");
	    }

            randomIS=null;
        }
        Random random = getRandom();
        getRandom().nextBytes(bytes);
    }


    /**
     * Generate and return a new session identifier.
     */
    protected synchronized String generateSessionId() {

        byte random[] = new byte[16];
        String jvmRoute = getJvmRoute();
        String result = null;

        // Render the result as a String of hexadecimal digits
        StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
        do {
            int resultLenBytes = 0;
            if (result != null) {
                buffer = new StringBuffer();
                duplicates++;
            }

            while (resultLenBytes < this.sessionIdLength) {
                getRandomBytes(random);
                random = getDigest().digest(random);
                for (int j = 0;
                j < random.length && resultLenBytes < this.sessionIdLength;
                j++) {
                    byte b1 = (byte) ((random[j] & 0xf0) >> 4);
                    byte b2 = (byte) (random[j] & 0x0f);
                    if (b1 < 10)
                        buffer.append((char) ('0' + b1));
                    else
                        buffer.append((char) ('A' + (b1 - 10)));
                    if (b2 < 10)
                        buffer.append((char) ('0' + b2));
                    else
                        buffer.append((char) ('A' + (b2 - 10)));
                    resultLenBytes++;
                }
            }
            if (jvmRoute != null) {
                buffer.append('.').append(jvmRoute);
            }
            result = buffer.toString();
        } while (sessions.get(result) != null);
        return (result);

    }


    // ------------------------------------------------------ Protected Methods


    /**
     * Retrieve the enclosing Engine for this Manager.
     *
     * @return an Engine object (or null).
     */
    public Engine getEngine() {
        Engine e = null;
        for (Container c = getContainer(); e == null && c != null ; c = c.getParent()) {
            if (c != null && c instanceof Engine) {
                e = (Engine)c;
            }
        }
        return e;
    }


    /**
     * Retrieve the JvmRoute for the enclosing Engine.
     * @return the JvmRoute or null.
     */
    public String getJvmRoute() {
        Engine e = getEngine();
        return e == null ? null : e.getJvmRoute();
    }


    // -------------------------------------------------------- Package Methods


    public void setSessionCounter(int sessionCounter) {
        this.sessionCounter = sessionCounter;
    }


    /** 
     * Total sessions created by this manager.
     *
     * @return sessions created
     */
    public int getSessionCounter() {
        return sessionCounter;
    }


    /** 
     * Number of duplicated session IDs generated by the random source.
     * Anything bigger than 0 means problems.
     *
     * @return The count of duplicates
     */
    public int getDuplicates() {
        return duplicates;
    }


    public void setDuplicates(int duplicates) {
        this.duplicates = duplicates;
    }


    /** 
     * Returns the number of active sessions
     *
     * @return number of sessions active
     */
    public int getActiveSessions() {
        return sessions.size();
    }


    /**
     * Max number of concurrent active sessions
     *
     * @return The highest number of concurrent active sessions
     */
    public int getMaxActive() {
        return maxActive;
    }


    public void setMaxActive(int maxActive) {
        this.maxActive = maxActive;
    }


    /**
     * Gets the longest time (in seconds) that an expired session had been
     * alive.
     *
     * @return Longest time (in seconds) that an expired session had been
     * alive.
     */
    public int getSessionMaxAliveTime() {
        return sessionMaxAliveTime;
    }


    /**
     * Sets the longest time (in seconds) that an expired session had been
     * alive.
     *
     * @param sessionMaxAliveTime Longest time (in seconds) that an expired
     * session had been alive.
     */
    public void setSessionMaxAliveTime(int sessionMaxAliveTime) {
        this.sessionMaxAliveTime = sessionMaxAliveTime;
    }


    /**
     * Gets the average time (in seconds) that expired sessions had been
     * alive.
     *
     * @return Average time (in seconds) that expired sessions had been
     * alive.
     */
    public int getSessionAverageAliveTime() {
        return sessionAverageAliveTime;
    }


    /**
     * Sets the average time (in seconds) that expired sessions had been
     * alive.
     *
     * @param sessionAverageAliveTime Average time (in seconds) that expired
     * sessions had been alive.
     */
    public void setSessionAverageAliveTime(int sessionAverageAliveTime) {
        this.sessionAverageAliveTime = sessionAverageAliveTime;
    }


    /** 
     * For debugging: return a list of all session ids currently active
     *
     */
    public String listSessionIds() {
        StringBuffer sb=new StringBuffer();
        Iterator keys=sessions.keySet().iterator();
        while( keys.hasNext() ) {
            sb.append(keys.next()).append(" ");
        }
        return sb.toString();
    }


    /** 
     * For debugging: get a session attribute
     *
     * @param sessionId
     * @param key
     * @return The attribute value, if found, null otherwise
     */
    public String getSessionAttribute( String sessionId, String key ) {
        Session s=(Session)sessions.get(sessionId);
        if( s==null ) {
            log.info("Session not found " + sessionId);
            return null;
        }
        Object o=s.getSession().getAttribute(key);
        if( o==null ) return null;
        return o.toString();
    }


    public void expireSession( String sessionId ) {
        Session s=(Session)sessions.get(sessionId);
        if( s==null ) {
            log.info("Session not found " + sessionId);
            return;
        }
        s.expire();
    }


    public String getLastAccessedTime( String sessionId ) {
        Session s=(Session)sessions.get(sessionId);
        if( s==null ) {
            log.info("Session not found " + sessionId);
            return "";
        }
        return new Date(s.getLastAccessedTime()).toString();
    }


    // -------------------- JMX and Registration  --------------------
    protected String domain;
    protected ObjectName oname;
    protected MBeanServer mserver;

    public ObjectName getObjectName() {
        return oname;
    }

    public String getDomain() {
        return domain;
    }

    public ObjectName preRegister(MBeanServer server,
                                  ObjectName name) throws Exception {
        oname=name;
        mserver=server;
        domain=name.getDomain();
        return name;
    }

    public void postRegister(Boolean registrationDone) {
    }

    public void preDeregister() throws Exception {
    }

    public void postDeregister() {
    }

}