Append single characters as characters rather than one character strings
diff --git a/java/jakarta/servlet/http/HttpServlet.java b/java/jakarta/servlet/http/HttpServlet.java
index 7f3c3e8..aec57d5 100644
--- a/java/jakarta/servlet/http/HttpServlet.java
+++ b/java/jakarta/servlet/http/HttpServlet.java
@@ -483,7 +483,7 @@
         int responseLength;
 
         String CRLF = "\r\n";
-        StringBuilder buffer = new StringBuilder("TRACE ").append(req.getRequestURI()).append(" ")
+        StringBuilder buffer = new StringBuilder("TRACE ").append(req.getRequestURI()).append(' ')
                 .append(req.getProtocol());
 
         Enumeration<String> reqHeaderNames = req.getHeaderNames();
diff --git a/java/org/apache/catalina/core/StandardContext.java b/java/org/apache/catalina/core/StandardContext.java
index 323a39c..7bab405 100644
--- a/java/org/apache/catalina/core/StandardContext.java
+++ b/java/org/apache/catalina/core/StandardContext.java
@@ -5533,7 +5533,7 @@
                     parent = parent.getParent();
                 }
                 while (!stk.isEmpty()) {
-                    buff.append("/").append(stk.remove());
+                    buff.append('/').append(stk.remove());
                 }
                 buff.append(getName());
                 namingContextName = buff.toString();
diff --git a/java/org/apache/catalina/startup/Catalina.java b/java/org/apache/catalina/startup/Catalina.java
index 66db702..2f2f097 100644
--- a/java/org/apache/catalina/startup/Catalina.java
+++ b/java/org/apache/catalina/startup/Catalina.java
@@ -937,7 +937,7 @@
     protected void generateLoader() {
         String loaderClassName = "DigesterGeneratedCodeLoader";
         StringBuilder code = new StringBuilder();
-        code.append("package ").append(generatedCodePackage).append(";").append(System.lineSeparator());
+        code.append("package ").append(generatedCodePackage).append(';').append(System.lineSeparator());
         code.append("public class ").append(loaderClassName);
         code.append(" implements org.apache.tomcat.util.digester.Digester.GeneratedCodeLoader {").append(System.lineSeparator());
         code.append("public Object loadGeneratedCode(String className) {").append(System.lineSeparator());
@@ -960,7 +960,7 @@
 
     protected void generateClassHeader(Digester digester, boolean start) {
         StringBuilder code = digester.getGeneratedCode();
-        code.append("package ").append(generatedCodePackage).append(";").append(System.lineSeparator());
+        code.append("package ").append(generatedCodePackage).append(';').append(System.lineSeparator());
         code.append("public class ServerXml");
         if (!start) {
             code.append("Stop");
diff --git a/java/org/apache/catalina/startup/SetNextNamingRule.java b/java/org/apache/catalina/startup/SetNextNamingRule.java
index 2e57aa3..3b51a29 100644
--- a/java/org/apache/catalina/startup/SetNextNamingRule.java
+++ b/java/org/apache/catalina/startup/SetNextNamingRule.java
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@
             } else {
                 code.append(digester.toVariableName(namingResources));
             }
-            code.append(".").append(methodName).append('(');
+            code.append('.').append(methodName).append('(');
             code.append(digester.toVariableName(child)).append(");");
             code.append(System.lineSeparator());
         }
diff --git a/java/org/apache/catalina/tribes/membership/cloud/DNSMembershipProvider.java b/java/org/apache/catalina/tribes/membership/cloud/DNSMembershipProvider.java
index f76dc46..f5a6874 100644
--- a/java/org/apache/catalina/tribes/membership/cloud/DNSMembershipProvider.java
+++ b/java/org/apache/catalina/tribes/membership/cloud/DNSMembershipProvider.java
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@
             StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder();
             buf.append(host[i++] & 0xff);
             for (; i < host.length; i++) {
-                buf.append(".").append(host[i] & 0xff);
+                buf.append('.').append(host[i] & 0xff);
             }
 
             byte[] id = md5.digest(buf.toString().getBytes());
diff --git a/java/org/apache/catalina/users/DataSourceUserDatabase.java b/java/org/apache/catalina/users/DataSourceUserDatabase.java
index 3892131..47a7a4a 100644
--- a/java/org/apache/catalina/users/DataSourceUserDatabase.java
+++ b/java/org/apache/catalina/users/DataSourceUserDatabase.java
@@ -948,7 +948,7 @@
             StringBuilder temp = new StringBuilder("SELECT ");
             temp.append(userCredCol);
             if (userFullNameCol != null) {
-                temp.append(",").append(userFullNameCol);
+                temp.append(',').append(userFullNameCol);
             }
             temp.append(" FROM ");
             temp.append(userTable);
@@ -994,7 +994,7 @@
                 temp = new StringBuilder("SELECT ");
                 temp.append(groupNameCol);
                 if (roleAndGroupDescriptionCol != null) {
-                    temp.append(",").append(roleAndGroupDescriptionCol);
+                    temp.append(',').append(roleAndGroupDescriptionCol);
                 }
                 temp.append(" FROM ");
                 temp.append(groupTable);
@@ -1015,7 +1015,7 @@
                 temp = new StringBuilder("SELECT ");
                 temp.append(roleNameCol);
                 if (roleAndGroupDescriptionCol != null) {
-                    temp.append(",").append(roleAndGroupDescriptionCol);
+                    temp.append(',').append(roleAndGroupDescriptionCol);
                 }
                 temp.append(" FROM ");
                 temp.append(roleTable);
diff --git a/java/org/apache/catalina/valves/ProxyErrorReportValve.java b/java/org/apache/catalina/valves/ProxyErrorReportValve.java
index 365aa74..93ad6b7 100644
--- a/java/org/apache/catalina/valves/ProxyErrorReportValve.java
+++ b/java/org/apache/catalina/valves/ProxyErrorReportValve.java
@@ -148,9 +148,9 @@
 
         StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder(urlString);
         if (urlString.indexOf("?") > -1) {
-            stringBuilder.append("&");
+            stringBuilder.append('&');
         } else {
-            stringBuilder.append("?");
+            stringBuilder.append('?');
         }
         stringBuilder.append("requestUri=");
         stringBuilder.append(URLEncoder.encode(request.getDecodedRequestURI(), request.getConnector().getURICharset()));
diff --git a/java/org/apache/coyote/ajp/AjpMessage.java b/java/org/apache/coyote/ajp/AjpMessage.java
index f49a099..7ec6b51 100644
--- a/java/org/apache/coyote/ajp/AjpMessage.java
+++ b/java/org/apache/coyote/ajp/AjpMessage.java
@@ -398,7 +398,7 @@
         StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
         for (int i = start; i < start + 16 ; i++) {
             if (i < len + 4) {
-                sb.append(hex(buf[i])).append(" ");
+                sb.append(hex(buf[i])).append(' ');
             } else {
                 sb.append("   ");
             }
diff --git a/java/org/apache/tomcat/util/IntrospectionUtils.java b/java/org/apache/tomcat/util/IntrospectionUtils.java
index 92e478e..45c261c 100644
--- a/java/org/apache/tomcat/util/IntrospectionUtils.java
+++ b/java/org/apache/tomcat/util/IntrospectionUtils.java
@@ -491,15 +491,14 @@
             if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                 // debug
                 StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
-                sb.append(target.getClass().getName()).append('.')
-                        .append(methodN).append("( ");
+                sb.append(target.getClass().getName()).append('.').append(methodN).append('(');
                 for (int i = 0; i < params.length; i++) {
                     if (i > 0) {
                         sb.append(", ");
                     }
                     sb.append(params[i]);
                 }
-                sb.append(")");
+                sb.append(')');
                 log.debug("IntrospectionUtils:" + sb.toString());
             }
             return o;
diff --git a/java/org/apache/tomcat/util/digester/SetPropertiesRule.java b/java/org/apache/tomcat/util/digester/SetPropertiesRule.java
index f1898fe..323c3f8 100644
--- a/java/org/apache/tomcat/util/digester/SetPropertiesRule.java
+++ b/java/org/apache/tomcat/util/digester/SetPropertiesRule.java
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@
                     }
                 } else {
                     if (code != null) {
-                        code.append(variableName).append(".").append(actualMethod).append(';');
+                        code.append(variableName).append('.').append(actualMethod).append(';');
                         code.append(System.lineSeparator());
                     }
                 }
diff --git a/java/org/apache/tomcat/util/xreflection/ReflectionLessCodeGenerator.java b/java/org/apache/tomcat/util/xreflection/ReflectionLessCodeGenerator.java
index d79983e..ac83673 100644
--- a/java/org/apache/tomcat/util/xreflection/ReflectionLessCodeGenerator.java
+++ b/java/org/apache/tomcat/util/xreflection/ReflectionLessCodeGenerator.java
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
         StringBuilder code = new StringBuilder(AL20_HEADER)
             .append("package ")
             .append(packageName)
-            .append(";")
+            .append(';')
             .append(System.lineSeparator())
             .append(System.lineSeparator())
             .append("final class ")
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@
             .append("return true;")
             .append(System.lineSeparator())
             .append(getIndent(1))
-            .append("}")
+            .append('}')
             .append(System.lineSeparator())
             .append(System.lineSeparator())
         ;
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@
             .append("} catch (java.net.UnknownHostException x) { throw new RuntimeException(x); }")
             .append(System.lineSeparator())
             .append(getIndent(1))
-            .append("}")
+            .append('}')
             .append(System.lineSeparator())
             .append(System.lineSeparator())
             ;
@@ -113,19 +113,19 @@
 
         code
             .append(getIndent(3))
-            .append("}")
+            .append('}')
             .append(System.lineSeparator())
             .append(getIndent(3))
             .append("checkThisClass = checkThisClass.getSuperclass();")
             .append(System.lineSeparator())
             .append(getIndent(2))
-            .append("}")
+            .append('}')
             .append(System.lineSeparator())
             .append(getIndent(2))
             .append("return result;")
             .append(System.lineSeparator())
             .append(getIndent(1))
-            .append("}")
+            .append('}')
             .append(System.lineSeparator());
         //end - getPropertyInternal method
 
@@ -161,19 +161,19 @@
 
         code
             .append(getIndent(3))
-            .append("}")
+            .append('}')
             .append(System.lineSeparator())
             .append(getIndent(3))
             .append("checkThisClass = checkThisClass.getSuperclass();")
             .append(System.lineSeparator())
             .append(getIndent(2))
-            .append("}")
+            .append('}')
             .append(System.lineSeparator())
             .append(getIndent(2))
             .append("return false;")
             .append(System.lineSeparator())
             .append(getIndent(1))
-            .append("}")
+            .append('}')
             .append(System.lineSeparator());
         //end - setPropertyInternal method
 
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@
         generateSetPropertyForMethods(baseClasses, code);
         //end - setPropertyForXXX methods
 
-        code.append("}")
+        code.append('}')
             .append(System.lineSeparator());
         //end - class
         File destination = new File(directory, className+".java");
diff --git a/java/org/apache/tomcat/util/xreflection/SetPropertyClass.java b/java/org/apache/tomcat/util/xreflection/SetPropertyClass.java
index 2011510..9354aa2 100644
--- a/java/org/apache/tomcat/util/xreflection/SetPropertyClass.java
+++ b/java/org/apache/tomcat/util/xreflection/SetPropertyClass.java
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@
 
         //end switch statement
         code.append(ReflectionLessCodeGenerator.getIndent(2))
-            .append("}")
+            .append('}')
             .append(System.lineSeparator());
 
         //we have a generic setProperty(String, String) method, invoke it
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@
                .append("return true;")
                .append(System.lineSeparator())
                .append(ReflectionLessCodeGenerator.getIndent(2))
-               .append("}")
+               .append('}')
                .append(System.lineSeparator());
         }
 
@@ -232,7 +232,7 @@
             .append(getSetPropertyForExitStatement())
             .append(System.lineSeparator())
             .append(ReflectionLessCodeGenerator.getIndent(1))
-            .append("}");
+            .append('}');
 
         return code.toString();
     }
@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@
         for (String s : classParts) {
             methodInvocation.append(IntrospectionUtils.capitalize(s));
         }
-        methodInvocation.append("(")
+        methodInvocation.append('(')
         .append(OBJECT_VAR_NAME)
             .append(", ")
             .append(NAME_VAR_NAME)
@@ -318,7 +318,7 @@
         for (String s : classParts) {
             methodInvocation.append(IntrospectionUtils.capitalize(s));
         }
-        methodInvocation.append("(")
+        methodInvocation.append('(')
             .append(OBJECT_VAR_NAME)
             .append(", ")
             .append(NAME_VAR_NAME)
@@ -389,7 +389,7 @@
 
         //end switch statement
         code.append(ReflectionLessCodeGenerator.getIndent(2))
-            .append("}")
+            .append('}')
             .append(System.lineSeparator());
 
         //invoke parent or return null
@@ -401,7 +401,7 @@
             .append(getGetPropertyForExitStatement())
             .append(System.lineSeparator())
             .append(ReflectionLessCodeGenerator.getIndent(2))
-            .append("}")
+            .append('}')
             .append(System.lineSeparator())
             ;
 
@@ -421,14 +421,14 @@
                 .append(generateGetPropertyMethod(p))
                 .append(System.lineSeparator())
                 .append(ReflectionLessCodeGenerator.getIndent(2))
-                .append("}")
+                .append('}')
                 .append(System.lineSeparator());
         }
         code.append(ReflectionLessCodeGenerator.getIndent(2))
             .append("return result;")
             .append(System.lineSeparator())
             .append(ReflectionLessCodeGenerator.getIndent(1))
-            .append("}")
+            .append('}')
             .append(System.lineSeparator());
 
 
diff --git a/modules/jdbc-pool/src/main/java/org/apache/tomcat/jdbc/pool/PoolProperties.java b/modules/jdbc-pool/src/main/java/org/apache/tomcat/jdbc/pool/PoolProperties.java
index f1f9612..e9c9c09 100644
--- a/modules/jdbc-pool/src/main/java/org/apache/tomcat/jdbc/pool/PoolProperties.java
+++ b/modules/jdbc-pool/src/main/java/org/apache/tomcat/jdbc/pool/PoolProperties.java
@@ -838,7 +838,7 @@
                         continue;
                     }
                     buf.append(field);
-                    buf.append("=");
+                    buf.append('=');
                     if (DataSourceFactory.PROP_PASSWORD.equals(field)) {
                         buf.append("********");
                     } else {
diff --git a/modules/jdbc-pool/src/main/java/org/apache/tomcat/jdbc/pool/StatementFacade.java b/modules/jdbc-pool/src/main/java/org/apache/tomcat/jdbc/pool/StatementFacade.java
index f1c3f21..4771b32 100644
--- a/modules/jdbc-pool/src/main/java/org/apache/tomcat/jdbc/pool/StatementFacade.java
+++ b/modules/jdbc-pool/src/main/java/org/apache/tomcat/jdbc/pool/StatementFacade.java
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@
             buf.append(query);
             buf.append("; Delegate=");
             buf.append(delegate);
-            buf.append("]");
+            buf.append(']');
             return buf.toString();
         }
     }
diff --git a/modules/jdbc-pool/src/main/java/org/apache/tomcat/jdbc/pool/interceptor/SlowQueryReport.java b/modules/jdbc-pool/src/main/java/org/apache/tomcat/jdbc/pool/interceptor/SlowQueryReport.java
index d800a1b..4198d37 100644
--- a/modules/jdbc-pool/src/main/java/org/apache/tomcat/jdbc/pool/interceptor/SlowQueryReport.java
+++ b/modules/jdbc-pool/src/main/java/org/apache/tomcat/jdbc/pool/interceptor/SlowQueryReport.java
@@ -388,7 +388,7 @@
             buf.append(prepareCount);
             buf.append(", prepareTime:");
             buf.append(prepareTime);
-            buf.append("]");
+            buf.append(']');
             return buf.toString();
         }
 
diff --git a/modules/jdbc-pool/src/main/java/org/apache/tomcat/jdbc/pool/interceptor/StatementDecoratorInterceptor.java b/modules/jdbc-pool/src/main/java/org/apache/tomcat/jdbc/pool/interceptor/StatementDecoratorInterceptor.java
index 20d7002..e3f8de3 100644
--- a/modules/jdbc-pool/src/main/java/org/apache/tomcat/jdbc/pool/interceptor/StatementDecoratorInterceptor.java
+++ b/modules/jdbc-pool/src/main/java/org/apache/tomcat/jdbc/pool/interceptor/StatementDecoratorInterceptor.java
@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@
             buf.append(getDelegate());
             buf.append("; Connection=");
             buf.append(getConnection());
-            buf.append("]");
+            buf.append(']');
             return buf.toString();
         }
     }
diff --git a/test/org/apache/catalina/authenticator/TestFormAuthenticator.java b/test/org/apache/catalina/authenticator/TestFormAuthenticator.java
index 9d4ca09..ed2a2fe 100644
--- a/test/org/apache/catalina/authenticator/TestFormAuthenticator.java
+++ b/test/org/apache/catalina/authenticator/TestFormAuthenticator.java
@@ -465,7 +465,7 @@
 
             // build the HTTP request while assembling the uri
             StringBuilder requestHead = new StringBuilder(128);
-            requestHead.append(method).append(" ");
+            requestHead.append(method).append(' ');
             if (isFullQualUri) {
                 requestHead.append(resourceUri);
             } else {
@@ -499,7 +499,7 @@
                 if (sessionId != null) {
                     requestHead.append("Cookie: ")
                             .append(SESSION_COOKIE_NAME)
-                            .append("=").append(sessionId).append(CRLF);
+                            .append('=').append(sessionId).append(CRLF);
                 }
             }
 
diff --git a/test/org/apache/catalina/connector/TestOutputBuffer.java b/test/org/apache/catalina/connector/TestOutputBuffer.java
index eb1f3de..e510f4d 100644
--- a/test/org/apache/catalina/connector/TestOutputBuffer.java
+++ b/test/org/apache/catalina/connector/TestOutputBuffer.java
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@
         // Create test data. This is carefully constructed to trigger the edge
         // case. Small variations may cause the test to miss the edge case.
         StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
-        sb.append("a");
+        sb.append('a');
 
         for (int i = 0x10000; i < 0x11000; i++) {
             char[] chars = Character.toChars(i);
diff --git a/test/org/apache/catalina/loader/TestWebappClassLoaderWeaving.java b/test/org/apache/catalina/loader/TestWebappClassLoaderWeaving.java
index f8bd72d..141f690 100644
--- a/test/org/apache/catalina/loader/TestWebappClassLoaderWeaving.java
+++ b/test/org/apache/catalina/loader/TestWebappClassLoaderWeaving.java
@@ -394,7 +394,7 @@
             for (int i = 0, b = input.read(); b >= 0; i++, b = input.read()) {
                 String value = "" + ((byte)b);
                 if (builder.length() + value.length() > 97) {
-                    builder.append(",");
+                    builder.append(',');
                     System.out.println(builder.toString());
                     builder = new StringBuilder();
                     builder.append("            ").append(value);
diff --git a/test/org/apache/catalina/startup/TomcatBaseTest.java b/test/org/apache/catalina/startup/TomcatBaseTest.java
index 4100fac..24fa5cd 100644
--- a/test/org/apache/catalina/startup/TomcatBaseTest.java
+++ b/test/org/apache/catalina/startup/TomcatBaseTest.java
@@ -515,7 +515,7 @@
                      h.hasMoreElements();) {
                     value.append(h.nextElement());
                     if (h.hasMoreElements()) {
-                        value.append(";");
+                        value.append(';');
                     }
                 }
                 out.println("HEADER:" + name + ": " + value);
@@ -538,7 +538,7 @@
                 for (int j = 0; j < m; j++) {
                     value.append(values[j]);
                     if (j < m - 1) {
-                        value.append(";");
+                        value.append(';');
                     }
                 }
                 out.println("PARAM/" + name + ": " + value);
diff --git a/test/org/apache/catalina/tribes/group/TestGroupChannelMemberArrival.java b/test/org/apache/catalina/tribes/group/TestGroupChannelMemberArrival.java
index 495b020..6163361 100644
--- a/test/org/apache/catalina/tribes/group/TestGroupChannelMemberArrival.java
+++ b/test/org/apache/catalina/tribes/group/TestGroupChannelMemberArrival.java
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@
                     arrivalLengthErrors.append(listener.members.size());
                     arrivalLengthErrors.append("] but should have been [");
                     arrivalLengthErrors.append(channels.length - 1);
-                    arrivalLengthErrors.append("]");
+                    arrivalLengthErrors.append(']');
                     arrivalLengthErrors.append('\n');
                 }
             }
diff --git a/test/org/apache/coyote/TestResponse.java b/test/org/apache/coyote/TestResponse.java
index f87e524..77661db 100644
--- a/test/org/apache/coyote/TestResponse.java
+++ b/test/org/apache/coyote/TestResponse.java
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@
         String contentType = getSingleHeader("Content-Type", responseHeaders);
         StringBuilder expected = new StringBuilder("text/plain;");
         if (withSpace) {
-            expected.append(" ");
+            expected.append(' ');
         }
         expected.append("v=1;charset=UTF-8");
         Assert.assertEquals(expected.toString() , contentType);
diff --git a/test/org/apache/coyote/ajp/TestAbstractAjpProcessor.java b/test/org/apache/coyote/ajp/TestAbstractAjpProcessor.java
index 2b7ec10..41dd7af 100644
--- a/test/org/apache/coyote/ajp/TestAbstractAjpProcessor.java
+++ b/test/org/apache/coyote/ajp/TestAbstractAjpProcessor.java
@@ -235,12 +235,12 @@
             boolean sep = false;
             for (String name: params.keySet()) {
                 if (sep) {
-                    query.append("&");
+                    query.append('&');
                 } else {
                     sep = true;
                 }
                 query.append(name);
-                query.append("=");
+                query.append('=');
                 query.append(params.get(name));
             }
             forwardMessage.addAttribute(0x05, query.toString());
diff --git a/test/org/apache/coyote/http11/filters/TestChunkedInputFilter.java b/test/org/apache/coyote/http11/filters/TestChunkedInputFilter.java
index b877807..2230fe9 100644
--- a/test/org/apache/coyote/http11/filters/TestChunkedInputFilter.java
+++ b/test/org/apache/coyote/http11/filters/TestChunkedInputFilter.java
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@
         String extName = ";foo=";
         StringBuilder extValue = new StringBuilder(len);
         for (int i = 0; i < (len - extName.length()); i++) {
-            extValue.append("x");
+            extValue.append('x');
         }
 
         String[] request = new String[]{
diff --git a/test/org/apache/coyote/http2/Http2TestBase.java b/test/org/apache/coyote/http2/Http2TestBase.java
index 215714b..60035c3 100644
--- a/test/org/apache/coyote/http2/Http2TestBase.java
+++ b/test/org/apache/coyote/http2/Http2TestBase.java
@@ -1270,11 +1270,11 @@
         @Override
         public void onSwallowedUnknownFrame(int streamId, int frameTypeId, int flags, int size) {
             trace.append(streamId);
-            trace.append(",");
+            trace.append(',');
             trace.append(frameTypeId);
-            trace.append(",");
+            trace.append(',');
             trace.append(flags);
-            trace.append(",");
+            trace.append(',');
             trace.append(size);
             trace.append("\n");
         }
diff --git a/test/org/apache/el/parser/TestELParser.java b/test/org/apache/el/parser/TestELParser.java
index dfbe757..a564f82 100644
--- a/test/org/apache/el/parser/TestELParser.java
+++ b/test/org/apache/el/parser/TestELParser.java
@@ -186,13 +186,13 @@
         StringBuilder expr = new StringBuilder();
         expr.append("${");
         for (int i = 0; i < parenthesesCount; i++) {
-            expr.append("(");
+            expr.append('(');
         }
         expr.append(innerExpr);
         for (int i = 0; i < parenthesesCount; i++) {
-            expr.append(")");
+            expr.append(')');
         }
-        expr.append("}");
+        expr.append('}');
         ValueExpression ve = factory.createValueExpression(
                 context, expr.toString(), String.class);
 
diff --git a/test/org/apache/tomcat/util/http/parser/TestMediaType.java b/test/org/apache/tomcat/util/http/parser/TestMediaType.java
index c66c317..9a38d19 100644
--- a/test/org/apache/tomcat/util/http/parser/TestMediaType.java
+++ b/test/org/apache/tomcat/util/http/parser/TestMediaType.java
@@ -292,11 +292,11 @@
         public String toString(String lws) {
             StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
             sb.append(lws);
-            sb.append(";");
+            sb.append(';');
             sb.append(lws);
             sb.append(name);
             sb.append(lws);
-            sb.append("=");
+            sb.append('=');
             sb.append(lws);
             sb.append(value);
             sb.append(lws);
diff --git a/test/org/apache/tomcat/util/net/openssl/TestOpenSSLConf.java b/test/org/apache/tomcat/util/net/openssl/TestOpenSSLConf.java
index 06c80ab..74e8f3b 100644
--- a/test/org/apache/tomcat/util/net/openssl/TestOpenSSLConf.java
+++ b/test/org/apache/tomcat/util/net/openssl/TestOpenSSLConf.java
@@ -105,17 +105,17 @@
         Set<String> disabledProtocols = new HashSet<>(Arrays.asList(DISABLED_PROTOCOLS));
         StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
         for (String protocol : DISABLED_PROTOCOLS) {
-            sb.append(",").append("-").append(protocol);
+            sb.append(',').append('-').append(protocol);
         }
         if (hasTLS13()) {
             // Also disable TLSv1.3
             for (String protocol : DISABLED_PROTOCOLS_TLS13) {
-                sb.append(",").append("-").append(protocol);
+                sb.append(',').append('-').append(protocol);
                 disabledProtocols.add(protocol);
             }
         }
         for (String protocol : ENABLED_PROTOCOLS) {
-            sb.append(",").append(protocol);
+            sb.append(',').append(protocol);
         }
         SSLHostConfig sslHostConfig = initOpenSSLConfCmd("Protocol", sb.substring(1));
         String[] protocols = sslHostConfig.getEnabledProtocols();
diff --git a/test/org/apache/tomcat/websocket/pojo/TestEncodingDecoding.java b/test/org/apache/tomcat/websocket/pojo/TestEncodingDecoding.java
index d69ad16..b3166be 100644
--- a/test/org/apache/tomcat/websocket/pojo/TestEncodingDecoding.java
+++ b/test/org/apache/tomcat/websocket/pojo/TestEncodingDecoding.java
@@ -660,11 +660,11 @@
         @Override
         public String encode(List<String> str) throws EncodeException {
             StringBuffer sbuf = new StringBuffer();
-            sbuf.append("[");
+            sbuf.append('[');
             for (String s: str){
-                sbuf.append(s).append(",");
+                sbuf.append(s).append(',');
             }
-            sbuf.deleteCharAt(sbuf.lastIndexOf(",")).append("]");
+            sbuf.deleteCharAt(sbuf.lastIndexOf(",")).append(']');
             return sbuf.toString();
         }
     }
diff --git a/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/drawboard/Room.java b/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/drawboard/Room.java
index 3ace6b0..7fe0267 100644
--- a/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/drawboard/Room.java
+++ b/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/drawboard/Room.java
@@ -316,7 +316,7 @@
                     String s = String.valueOf(p.getLastReceivedMessageId())
                             + "," + msg.toString();
                     if (i > 0) {
-                        sb.append("|");
+                        sb.append('|');
                     }
 
                     sb.append(s);