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#-------------------------------------------------------------

# Builtin function for imputing missing values using forward fill and backward fill techniques

# INPUT PARAMETERS:
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# NAME            TYPE      DEFAULT   MEANING
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# X               Double    ---       Matrix X
# option          String    "locf"    String "locf" (last observation moved forward) to do forward fill 
#                                     String "nocb" (next observation carried backward) to do backward fill
# verbose         Boolean   FALSE     to print output on screen
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

#Output(s)
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# NAME            TYPE    DEFAULT     MEANING
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# output          Double  ---         Matrix with no missing values

m_na_locf = function(Matrix[Double] X, String option = "locf", Boolean verbose = FALSE)
  return(Matrix[Double] output)
{
  output = X
  if(sum(is.nan(X)) > 0) {
    if(option == "locf")
      output = locf(X)
    else
      output = rev(locf(rev(X)))
  }
  
  if(verbose)
    print(toString(output))
}

locf = function(Matrix[Double] X)
  return(Matrix[Double] outputLocf)
{
  # store mask of missing values
  mask = is.nan(X)

  # replace NaN with a number i.e., zeros
  X = replace(target=X, pattern = NaN, replacement = 0)

  # use the cumsumprod built-in to do fill forward
  output = matrix(0, nrow(X), ncol(X))
  parfor(i in 1:ncol(X)) 
    output[ ,i] = cumsumprod(cbind(X[,i],mask[,i]))

  # if there are leading NAs
  leading_NA = (output == 0) & (mask == 1)
  outputR = matrix(0, nrow(X), ncol(X))

  if(sum(leading_NA) > 0) {
    # doing fill forward in reverse
    parfor(i in 1:ncol(X))
      outputR[ ,i] = rev(cumsumprod(rev(cbind(X[,i],leading_NA[,i]))))
  }

  outputLocf = (outputR * leading_NA) + output
}