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# Implements builtin for imputing missing values from observed values (if exist)
# using robust functional dependencies 
# INPUT PARAMETERS:
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# NAME            TYPE    DEFAULT     MEANING
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# X               Double    --       Matrix X 
# source          Integer   --       source attribute to use for imputation and error correction
# target          Integer   --       attribute to be fixed
# threshold       Double    --       threshold value in interval [0, 1] for robust FDs 
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


#Output(s)
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# NAME            TYPE    DEFAULT     MEANING
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# X               Double   ---        Matrix with possible imputations 


m_imputeByFD = function(Matrix[Double] X, Integer sourceAttribute, Integer targetAttribute, Double threshold)
  return(Matrix[Double] X)
{
  # sanity checks
  if( threshold < 0 | threshold > 1 )
    stop("Stopping due to invalid input, threshold required in interval [0, 1] found "+threshold)

  if(sourceAttribute < 0 | sourceAttribute > ncol(X) | targetAttribute < 0 | targetAttribute > ncol(X))
    stop("Stopping due to invalid source and target")
 
  # impute missing values and fix errors
  X[,targetAttribute] = imputeAndCorrect(X[,sourceAttribute], X[,targetAttribute], threshold) 
}

imputeAndCorrect = function(Matrix[Double] X, Matrix[Double] Y, Double threshold)
  return(Matrix[Double] imputed_Y) {

  XY = cbind(X, Y)
  
  # replace the NaN values with zero
  XY = replace(target = XY, pattern=NaN, replacement=0)
  missing_mask = (XY == 0)
  
  # map the missing values to an arbitrary number (i.e., Max values + 1)
  XY = missing_mask * (colMaxs(XY)+1) + XY
  
  # create mapping between source and target
  ctab = table(XY[,1], XY[,2], 1)
 
  # remove the table column representing missing values
  if(sum(missing_mask[,2]) > 0)
    ctab = ctab[,1:ncol(ctab)-1]

  ctab = ctab/(rowSums(ctab)) > threshold 
  
  # Get the most frequent mapped value of Y 
  ans = (ctab == rowMaxs(ctab)) * t(seq(1, ncol(ctab))) # rowIndexMax(ctab)?
  tabMax = rowSums(ans) != (ncol(ans) * ((ncol(ans))+1)/2) # vector for controlling max(0)
  filled = rowMaxs(ans) * tabMax
  imputed_Y = table(seq(1,nrow(X)), XY[,1]) %*% filled;
}