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| |
| <h1 class="no_toc" id="interceptors">Interceptors</h1> |
| |
| <ul id="markdown-toc"> |
| <li><a href="#understanding-interceptors" id="markdown-toc-understanding-interceptors">Understanding Interceptors</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#configuring-interceptors" id="markdown-toc-configuring-interceptors">Configuring Interceptors</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#stacking-interceptors" id="markdown-toc-stacking-interceptors">Stacking Interceptors</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#the-default-configuration" id="markdown-toc-the-default-configuration">The Default Configuration</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#framework-interceptors" id="markdown-toc-framework-interceptors">Framework Interceptors</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#method-filtering" id="markdown-toc-method-filtering">Method Filtering</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#interceptor-parameter-overriding" id="markdown-toc-interceptor-parameter-overriding">Interceptor Parameter Overriding</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#interceptor-parameter-overriding-inheritance" id="markdown-toc-interceptor-parameter-overriding-inheritance">Interceptor Parameter Overriding Inheritance</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#lazy-parameters" id="markdown-toc-lazy-parameters">Lazy parameters</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#disabling-interceptor" id="markdown-toc-disabling-interceptor">Disabling interceptor</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#order-of-interceptor-execution" id="markdown-toc-order-of-interceptor-execution">Order of Interceptor Execution</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| |
| <p>The default Interceptor stack is designed to serve the needs of most applications. Most applications will <strong>not</strong> need |
| to add Interceptors or change the Interceptor stack.</p> |
| |
| <p>Many Actions share common concerns. Some Actions need input validated. Other Actions may need a file upload |
| to be pre-processed. Another Action might need protection from a double submit. Many Actions need drop-down lists |
| and other controls pre-populated before the page displays.</p> |
| |
| <p>The framework makes it easy to share solutions to these concerns using an “Interceptor” strategy. When you request |
| a resource that maps to an “action”, the framework invokes the Action object. But, before the Action is executed, |
| the invocation can be intercepted by another object. After the Action executes, the invocation could be intercepted |
| again. Unsurprisingly, we call these objects “Interceptors.”</p> |
| |
| <h2 id="understanding-interceptors">Understanding Interceptors</h2> |
| |
| <p>Interceptors can execute code before and after an Action is invoked. Most of the framework’s core functionality is |
| implemented as Interceptors. Features like double-submit guards, type conversion, object population, validation, |
| file upload, page preparation, and more, are all implemented with the help of Interceptors. Each and every Interceptor |
| is pluggable, so you can decide exactly which features an Action needs to support.</p> |
| |
| <p>Interceptors can be configured on a per-action basis. Your own custom Interceptors can be mixed-and-matched with |
| the Interceptors bundled with the framework. Interceptors “set the stage” for the Action classes, doing much of |
| the “heavy lifting” before the Action executes.</p> |
| |
| <p><strong>Action Lifecycle</strong></p> |
| |
| <p><img src="attachments/att1607_overview.png" alt="overview.png" /></p> |
| |
| <p>In some cases, an Interceptor might keep an Action from firing, because of a double-submit or because validation failed. |
| Interceptors can also change the state of an Action before it executes.</p> |
| |
| <p>The Interceptors are defined in a stack that specifies the execution order. In some cases, the order of the Interceptors |
| on the stack can be very important.</p> |
| |
| <h2 id="configuring-interceptors">Configuring Interceptors</h2> |
| |
| <p><strong>struts.xml</strong></p> |
| |
| <div class="language-xml highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> |
| <span class="nt"><package</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"default"</span> <span class="na">extends=</span><span class="s">"struts-default"</span><span class="nt">></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptors></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"timer"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">".."</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"logger"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">".."</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"></interceptors></span> |
| |
| <span class="nt"><action</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"login"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"tutorial.Login"</span><span class="nt">></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"timer"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"logger"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><result</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"input"</span><span class="nt">></span>login.jsp<span class="nt"></result></span> |
| <span class="nt"><result</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"success"</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"redirectAction"</span><span class="nt">></span>/secure/home<span class="nt"></result></span> |
| <span class="nt"></action></span> |
| <span class="nt"></package></span> |
| </code></pre></div></div> |
| |
| <h2 id="stacking-interceptors">Stacking Interceptors</h2> |
| |
| <p>With most web applications, we find ourselves wanting to apply the same set of Interceptors over and over again. Rather |
| than reiterate the same list of Interceptors, we can bundle these Interceptors together using an Interceptor Stack.</p> |
| |
| <p><strong>struts.xml</strong></p> |
| |
| <div class="language-xml highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> |
| <span class="nt"><package</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"default"</span> <span class="na">extends=</span><span class="s">"struts-default"</span><span class="nt">></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptors></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"timer"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">".."</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"logger"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">".."</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-stack</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"myStack"</span><span class="nt">></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"timer"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"logger"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"></interceptor-stack></span> |
| <span class="nt"></interceptors></span> |
| |
| <span class="nt"><action</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"login"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"tutuorial.Login"</span><span class="nt">></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"myStack"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><result</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"input"</span><span class="nt">></span>login.jsp<span class="nt"></result></span> |
| <span class="nt"><result</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"success"</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"redirectAction"</span><span class="nt">></span>/secure/home<span class="nt"></result></span> |
| <span class="nt"></action></span> |
| <span class="nt"></package></span> |
| </code></pre></div></div> |
| |
| <p>Looking inside <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">struts-default.xml</code>, we can see how it’s done.</p> |
| |
| <h2 id="the-default-configuration">The Default Configuration</h2> |
| |
| <figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-xml" data-lang="xml"><span class="cp"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?></span> |
| <span class="c"><!-- |
| /* |
| * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one |
| * or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file |
| * distributed with this work for additional information |
| * regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file |
| * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the |
| * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance |
| * with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at |
| * |
| * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 |
| * |
| * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, |
| * software distributed under the License is distributed on an |
| * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY |
| * KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the |
| * specific language governing permissions and limitations |
| * under the License. |
| */ |
| --></span> |
| |
| <span class="cp"><!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC |
| "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 6.0//EN" |
| "https://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-6.0.dtd"></span> |
| |
| <span class="nt"><struts></span> |
| |
| <span class="nt"><include</span> <span class="na">file=</span><span class="s">"struts-excluded-classes.xml"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><include</span> <span class="na">file=</span><span class="s">"struts-beans.xml"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| |
| <span class="nt"><package</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"struts-default"</span> <span class="na">abstract=</span><span class="s">"true"</span><span class="nt">></span> |
| <span class="nt"><result-types></span> |
| <span class="nt"><result-type</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"chain"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionChainResult"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><result-type</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"dispatcher"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"org.apache.struts2.result.ServletDispatcherResult"</span> <span class="na">default=</span><span class="s">"true"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><result-type</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"freemarker"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"org.apache.struts2.views.freemarker.FreemarkerResult"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><result-type</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"httpheader"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"org.apache.struts2.result.HttpHeaderResult"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><result-type</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"redirect"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"org.apache.struts2.result.ServletRedirectResult"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><result-type</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"redirectAction"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"org.apache.struts2.result.ServletActionRedirectResult"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><result-type</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"stream"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"org.apache.struts2.result.StreamResult"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><result-type</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"plainText"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"org.apache.struts2.result.PlainTextResult"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><result-type</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"postback"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"org.apache.struts2.result.PostbackResult"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"></result-types></span> |
| |
| <span class="nt"><interceptors></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"alias"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.AliasInterceptor"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"chain"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ChainingInterceptor"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"coep"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"org.apache.struts2.interceptor.CoepInterceptor"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"conversionError"</span> |
| <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"org.apache.struts2.interceptor.StrutsConversionErrorInterceptor"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"cookie"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"org.apache.struts2.interceptor.CookieInterceptor"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"cookieProvider"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"org.apache.struts2.interceptor.CookieProviderInterceptor"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"clearSession"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ClearSessionInterceptor"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"coop"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"org.apache.struts2.interceptor.CoopInterceptor"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"createSession"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"org.apache.struts2.interceptor.CreateSessionInterceptor"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"csp"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"org.apache.struts2.interceptor.csp.CspInterceptor"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"debugging"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"org.apache.struts2.interceptor.debugging.DebuggingInterceptor"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"execAndWait"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ExecuteAndWaitInterceptor"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"exception"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ExceptionMappingInterceptor"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"fileUpload"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"org.apache.struts2.interceptor.FileUploadInterceptor"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"actionFileUpload"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ActionFileUploadInterceptor"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"i18n"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"org.apache.struts2.interceptor.I18nInterceptor"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"logger"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.LoggingInterceptor"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"modelDriven"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ModelDrivenInterceptor"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"scopedModelDriven"</span> |
| <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ScopedModelDrivenInterceptor"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"params"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ParametersInterceptor"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"paramRemover"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ParameterRemoverInterceptor"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"actionMappingParams"</span> |
| <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ActionMappingParametersInterceptor"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"prepare"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.PrepareInterceptor"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"staticParams"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.StaticParametersInterceptor"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"scope"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ScopeInterceptor"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"servletConfig"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletConfigInterceptor"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"token"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"org.apache.struts2.interceptor.TokenInterceptor"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"tokenSession"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"org.apache.struts2.interceptor.TokenSessionStoreInterceptor"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"validation"</span> |
| <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"org.apache.struts2.interceptor.validation.AnnotationValidationInterceptor"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"workflow"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.DefaultWorkflowInterceptor"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"store"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"org.apache.struts2.interceptor.MessageStoreInterceptor"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"checkbox"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"org.apache.struts2.interceptor.CheckboxInterceptor"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"datetime"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"org.apache.struts2.interceptor.DateTextFieldInterceptor"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"roles"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"org.apache.struts2.interceptor.RolesInterceptor"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"annotationWorkflow"</span> |
| <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.annotations.AnnotationWorkflowInterceptor"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"annotationParameterFilter"</span> |
| <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.annotations.AnnotationParameterFilterInterceptor"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"multiselect"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"org.apache.struts2.interceptor.MultiselectInterceptor"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"noop"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"org.apache.struts2.interceptor.NoOpInterceptor"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"fetchMetadata"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"org.apache.struts2.interceptor.FetchMetadataInterceptor"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"httpMethod"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"org.apache.struts2.interceptor.httpmethod.HttpMethodInterceptor"</span> <span class="nt">/></span> |
| |
| <span class="c"><!-- Empty stack - performs no operations --></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-stack</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"emptyStack"</span><span class="nt">></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"noop"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"></interceptor-stack></span> |
| |
| <span class="c"><!-- Basic stack --></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-stack</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"basicStack"</span><span class="nt">></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"exception"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"servletConfig"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"httpMethod"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"prepare"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"checkbox"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"datetime"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"multiselect"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"actionMappingParams"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"params"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"conversionError"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"></interceptor-stack></span> |
| |
| <span class="c"><!-- Sample validation and workflow stack --></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-stack</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"validationWorkflowStack"</span><span class="nt">></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"basicStack"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"validation"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"workflow"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"></interceptor-stack></span> |
| |
| <span class="c"><!-- Sample file upload stack --></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-stack</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"fileUploadStack"</span><span class="nt">></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"fileUpload"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"basicStack"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"></interceptor-stack></span> |
| |
| <span class="c"><!-- Action based file upload stack --></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-stack</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"actionFileUploadStack"</span><span class="nt">></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"actionFileUpload"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"basicStack"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"></interceptor-stack></span> |
| |
| <span class="c"><!-- Sample model-driven stack --></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-stack</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"modelDrivenStack"</span><span class="nt">></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"modelDriven"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"basicStack"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"></interceptor-stack></span> |
| |
| <span class="c"><!-- Sample action chaining stack --></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-stack</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"chainStack"</span><span class="nt">></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"chain"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"basicStack"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"></interceptor-stack></span> |
| |
| <span class="c"><!-- Sample i18n stack --></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-stack</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"i18nStack"</span><span class="nt">></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"i18n"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"basicStack"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"></interceptor-stack></span> |
| |
| <span class="c"><!-- An example of the paramsPrepareParams trick. This stack |
| is exactly the same as the defaultStack, except that it |
| includes one extra interceptor before the prepare interceptor: |
| the params interceptor. |
| |
| This is useful for when you wish to apply parameters directly |
| to an object that you wish to load externally (such as a DAO |
| or database or service layer), but can't load that object |
| until at least the ID parameter has been loaded. By loading |
| the parameters twice, you can retrieve the object in the |
| prepare() method, allowing the second params interceptor to |
| apply the values on the object. --></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-stack</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"paramsPrepareParamsStack"</span><span class="nt">></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"exception"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"alias"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"i18n"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"checkbox"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"datetime"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"multiselect"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"params"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"servletConfig"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"httpMethod"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"prepare"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"chain"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"modelDriven"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"fileUpload"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"actionFileUpload"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"staticParams"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"actionMappingParams"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"params"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"conversionError"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"validation"</span><span class="nt">></span> |
| <span class="nt"><param</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"excludeMethods"</span><span class="nt">></span>input,back,cancel,browse<span class="nt"></param></span> |
| <span class="nt"></interceptor-ref></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"workflow"</span><span class="nt">></span> |
| <span class="nt"><param</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"excludeMethods"</span><span class="nt">></span>input,back,cancel,browse<span class="nt"></param></span> |
| <span class="nt"></interceptor-ref></span> |
| <span class="nt"></interceptor-stack></span> |
| |
| <span class="c"><!-- A complete stack with all the common interceptors in place. |
| Generally, this stack should be the one you use, though it |
| may do more than you need. Also, the ordering can be |
| switched around (ex: if you wish to have your servlet-related |
| objects applied before prepare() is called, you'd need to move |
| servletConfig interceptor up. |
| |
| This stack also excludes from the normal validation and workflow |
| the method names input, back, and cancel. These typically are |
| associated with requests that should not be validated. |
| --></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-stack</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"defaultStack"</span><span class="nt">></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"exception"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"alias"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"servletConfig"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"httpMethod"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"i18n"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"csp"</span><span class="nt">></span> |
| <span class="nt"><param</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"disabled"</span><span class="nt">></span>false<span class="nt"></param></span> |
| <span class="nt"><param</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"enforcingMode"</span><span class="nt">></span>false<span class="nt"></param></span> |
| <span class="nt"></interceptor-ref></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"prepare"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"chain"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"scopedModelDriven"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"modelDriven"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"fileUpload"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"actionFileUpload"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"checkbox"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"datetime"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"multiselect"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"staticParams"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"actionMappingParams"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"params"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"conversionError"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"coep"</span><span class="nt">></span> |
| <span class="nt"><param</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"disabled"</span><span class="nt">></span>false<span class="nt"></param></span> |
| <span class="nt"><param</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"enforcingMode"</span><span class="nt">></span>false<span class="nt"></param></span> |
| <span class="nt"><param</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"exemptedPaths"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"></interceptor-ref></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"coop"</span><span class="nt">></span> |
| <span class="nt"><param</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"disabled"</span><span class="nt">></span>false<span class="nt"></param></span> |
| <span class="nt"><param</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"exemptedPaths"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><param</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"mode"</span><span class="nt">></span>same-origin<span class="nt"></param></span> |
| <span class="nt"></interceptor-ref></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"fetchMetadata"</span><span class="nt">></span> |
| <span class="nt"><param</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"disabled"</span><span class="nt">></span>false<span class="nt"></param></span> |
| <span class="nt"></interceptor-ref></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"validation"</span><span class="nt">></span> |
| <span class="nt"><param</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"excludeMethods"</span><span class="nt">></span>input,back,cancel,browse<span class="nt"></param></span> |
| <span class="nt"></interceptor-ref></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"workflow"</span><span class="nt">></span> |
| <span class="nt"><param</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"excludeMethods"</span><span class="nt">></span>input,back,cancel,browse<span class="nt"></param></span> |
| <span class="nt"></interceptor-ref></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"debugging"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"></interceptor-stack></span> |
| |
| <span class="c"><!-- The completeStack is here for backwards compatibility for |
| applications that still refer to the defaultStack by the |
| old name --></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-stack</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"completeStack"</span><span class="nt">></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"defaultStack"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"></interceptor-stack></span> |
| |
| <span class="c"><!-- Sample execute and wait stack. |
| Note: execAndWait should always be the *last* interceptor. --></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-stack</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"executeAndWaitStack"</span><span class="nt">></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"execAndWait"</span><span class="nt">></span> |
| <span class="nt"><param</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"excludeMethods"</span><span class="nt">></span>input,back,cancel<span class="nt"></param></span> |
| <span class="nt"></interceptor-ref></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"defaultStack"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"execAndWait"</span><span class="nt">></span> |
| <span class="nt"><param</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"excludeMethods"</span><span class="nt">></span>input,back,cancel<span class="nt"></param></span> |
| <span class="nt"></interceptor-ref></span> |
| <span class="nt"></interceptor-stack></span> |
| |
| <span class="nt"></interceptors></span> |
| |
| <span class="nt"><default-interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"defaultStack"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| |
| <span class="nt"><default-class-ref</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| |
| <span class="nt"><global-allowed-methods></span>execute,input,back,cancel,browse,save,delete,list,index<span class="nt"></global-allowed-methods></span> |
| |
| <span class="nt"></package></span> |
| |
| <span class="nt"></struts></span></code></pre></figure> |
| |
| <p>Since the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">struts-default.xml</code> is included in the application’s configuration by default, all the predefined |
| interceptors and stacks are available “out of the box”.</p> |
| |
| <h2 id="framework-interceptors">Framework Interceptors</h2> |
| |
| <p>Interceptor classes are also defined using a key-value pair specified in the Struts configuration file. The names |
| specified below come specified in <a href="struts-default-xml">struts-default.xml</a>. If you extend the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">struts-default</code> |
| package, then you can use the names below. Otherwise, they must be defined in your package with a name-class pair |
| specified in the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><interceptors/></code> tag.</p> |
| |
| <table> |
| <thead> |
| <tr> |
| <th>Interceptor</th> |
| <th>Name</th> |
| <th>Description</th> |
| </tr> |
| </thead> |
| <tbody> |
| <tr> |
| <td><a href="action-file-upload-interceptor">Action File Upload Interceptor</a></td> |
| <td>actionFileUpload</td> |
| <td>Available since Struts 6.4.0: an Interceptor that adds easy access to file upload support.</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td><a href="alias-interceptor">Alias Interceptor</a></td> |
| <td>alias</td> |
| <td>Converts similar parameters that may be named differently between requests.</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td><a href="annotation-parameter-filter-interceptor">Annotation Parameter Filter Interceptor</a></td> |
| <td>annotationParameterFilter</td> |
| <td>Annotation based version of <a href="parameter-filter-interceptor">Parameter Filter Interceptor</a>.</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td><a href="annotation-workflow-interceptor">Annotation Workflow Interceptor</a></td> |
| <td>annotationWorkflow</td> |
| <td>Invokes any annotated methods on the action.</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td><a href="chaining-interceptor">Chaining Interceptor</a></td> |
| <td>chain</td> |
| <td>Makes the previous Action’s properties available to the current Action. Commonly used together with <result type="chain"> (in the previous Action).</result></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td><a href="checkbox-interceptor">Checckbox Interceptor</a></td> |
| <td>checkbox</td> |
| <td>Adds automatic checkbox handling code that detect an unchecked checkbox and add it as a parameter with a default (usually ‘false’) value. Uses a specially named hidden field to detect unsubmitted checkboxes. The default unchecked value is overridable for non-boolean value’d checkboxes.</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td><a href="coep-interceptor">Cross-Origin Embedder Policy Interceptor</a></td> |
| <td>coep</td> |
| <td>Implements the Cross-Origin Embedder Policy on incoming requests used to protect a document from loading any non-same-origin resources which don’t explicitly grant the document permission to be loaded.</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td><a href="conversion-error-interceptor">Conversion Error Interceptor</a></td> |
| <td>conversionError</td> |
| <td>Adds conversion errors from the ActionContext to the Action’s field errors</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td><a href="cookie-interceptor">Cookie Interceptor</a></td> |
| <td>cookie</td> |
| <td>Inject cookie with a certain configurable name / value into action. (Since 2.0.7.)</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td><a href="cookie-provider-interceptor">Cookie Provider Interceptor</a></td> |
| <td>cookieProvider</td> |
| <td>Transfer cookies from action to response (Since 2.3.15.)</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td><a href="coop-interceptor">Cross-Origin Opener Policy Interceptor</a></td> |
| <td>coop</td> |
| <td>Implements the Cross-Origin Opener Policy on incoming requests used to isolate resources against side-channel attacks and information leaks.</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td><a href="create-session-interceptor">Create Session Interceptor</a></td> |
| <td>createSession</td> |
| <td>Create an HttpSession automatically, useful with certain Interceptors that require a HttpSession to work properly (like the TokenInterceptor)</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td><a href="clear-session-interceptor">Clear Session Interceptor</a></td> |
| <td>clearSession</td> |
| <td>This interceptor clears the HttpSession.</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td><a href="csp-interceptor">Content Security Policy Interceptor</a></td> |
| <td>csp</td> |
| <td>Adds support for Content Security policy.</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td><a href="debugging-interceptor">Debugging Interceptor</a></td> |
| <td>debugging</td> |
| <td>Provides several different debugging screens to provide insight into the data behind the page.</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td><a href="default-workflow-interceptor">Default Workflow Interceptor</a></td> |
| <td>workflow</td> |
| <td>Calls the validate method in your Action class. If Action errors are created then it returns the INPUT view.</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td><a href="exception-interceptor">Exception Interceptor</a></td> |
| <td>exception</td> |
| <td>Maps exceptions to a result.</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td><a href="execute-and-wait-interceptor">Execute and Wait Interceptor</a></td> |
| <td>execAndWait</td> |
| <td>Executes the Action in the background and then sends the user off to an intermediate waiting page.</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td><a href="fetch-metadata-interceptor">Fetch Metadata Interceptor</a></td> |
| <td>fetchMetadata</td> |
| <td>Implements the Resource Isolation Policies on incoming requests used to protect against CSRF, XSSI, and cross-origin information leaks.</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td><a href="file-upload-interceptor">File Upload Interceptor</a></td> |
| <td>fileUpload</td> |
| <td><strong>DEPRECTED</strong> since Struts 6.4.0: an Interceptor that adds easy access to file upload support.</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td><a href="i18n-interceptor">I18n Interceptor</a></td> |
| <td>i18n</td> |
| <td>Remembers the locale selected for a user’s session.</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td><a href="logging-interceptor">Logging Interceptor</a></td> |
| <td>logger</td> |
| <td>Outputs the name of the Action.</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td><a href="message-store-interceptor">Message Store Interceptor</a></td> |
| <td>store</td> |
| <td>Store and retrieve action messages / errors / field errors for action that implements ValidationAware interface into session.</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td><a href="model-driven-interceptor">Model Driven Interceptor</a></td> |
| <td>modelDriven</td> |
| <td>If the Action implements ModelDriven, pushes the getModel Result onto the Value Stack.</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td><a href="multiselect-interceptor">Multiselect Interceptor</a></td> |
| <td>multiselect</td> |
| <td>Like the checkbox interceptor detects that no value was selected for a field with multiple values (like a select) and adds an empty parameter</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td><a href="no-op-interceptor">NoOp Interceptor</a></td> |
| <td>noop</td> |
| <td>Does nothing, just passes invocation further, used in empty stack</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td><a href="parameter-filter-interceptor">Parameter Filter Interceptor</a></td> |
| <td>parameterFilter</td> |
| <td>Removes parameters from the list of those available to Actions</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td><a href="parameters-interceptor">Parameters Interceptor</a></td> |
| <td>params</td> |
| <td>Sets the request parameters onto the Action.</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td><a href="parameter-remover-interceptor">Parameter Remover Interceptor</a></td> |
| <td>paramRemover</td> |
| <td>Removes a parameter from parameters map.</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td><a href="prepare-interceptor">Prepare Interceptor</a></td> |
| <td>prepare</td> |
| <td>If the Action implements Preparable, calls its prepare method.</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td><a href="roles-interceptor">Roles Interceptor</a></td> |
| <td>roles</td> |
| <td>Action will only be executed if the user has the correct JAAS role.</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td><a href="scope-interceptor">Scope Interceptor</a></td> |
| <td>scope</td> |
| <td>Simple mechanism for storing Action state in the session or application scope.</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td><a href="scoped-model-driven-interceptor">Scoped Model Driven Interceptor</a></td> |
| <td>scopedModelDriven</td> |
| <td>If the Action implements ScopedModelDriven, the interceptor retrieves and stores the model from a scope and sets it on the action calling setModel.</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td><a href="servlet-config-interceptor">Servlet Config Interceptor</a></td> |
| <td>servletConfig</td> |
| <td>Provide access to Maps representing HttpServletRequest and HttpServletResponse.</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td><a href="static-parameters-interceptor">Static Parameters Interceptor</a></td> |
| <td>staticParams</td> |
| <td>Sets the struts.xml defined parameters onto the action. These are the <param /> tags that are direct children of the <action> tag.</action></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td><a href="timer-interceptor">Timer Interceptor</a></td> |
| <td>timer</td> |
| <td>Outputs how long the Action takes to execute (including nested Interceptors and View)</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td><a href="token-interceptor">Token Interceptor</a></td> |
| <td>token</td> |
| <td>Checks for valid token presence in Action, prevents duplicate form submission.</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td><a href="token-session-interceptor">Token Session Interceptor</a></td> |
| <td>tokenSession</td> |
| <td>Same as Token Interceptor, but stores the submitted data in session when handed an invalid token</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td><a href="validation-interceptor">Validation Interceptor</a></td> |
| <td>validation</td> |
| <td>Performs validation using the validators defined in <em>action</em> -validation.xml</td> |
| </tr> |
| </tbody> |
| </table> |
| |
| <p>Since 2.0.7, Interceptors and Results with hyphenated names were converted to camelCase. (The former model-driven is |
| now modelDriven.) The original hyphenated names are retained as “aliases” until Struts 2.1.0. For clarity, |
| the hyphenated versions are not listed here, but might be referenced in prior versions of the documentation.</p> |
| |
| <h2 id="method-filtering">Method Filtering</h2> |
| |
| <p><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">MethodFilterInterceptor</code> is an abstract <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">Interceptor</code> used as a base class for interceptors that will filter execution |
| based on method names according to specified included/excluded method lists.</p> |
| |
| <p>Settable parameters are as follows:</p> |
| |
| <ul> |
| <li>excludeMethods - method names to be excluded from interceptor processing</li> |
| <li>includeMethods - method names to be included in interceptor processing</li> |
| </ul> |
| |
| <blockquote> |
| <p>If method name are available in both includeMethods and excludeMethods, it will be considered as an included method: |
| includeMethods takes precedence over excludeMethods.</p> |
| </blockquote> |
| |
| <p>Interceptors that extends this capability include:</p> |
| |
| <ul> |
| <li><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">TokenInterceptor</code></li> |
| <li><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">TokenSessionStoreInterceptor</code></li> |
| <li><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">DefaultWorkflowInterceptor</code></li> |
| <li><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">ValidationInterceptor</code></li> |
| </ul> |
| |
| <h2 id="interceptor-parameter-overriding">Interceptor Parameter Overriding</h2> |
| |
| <p>Interceptor’s parameter could be overridden through the following ways :</p> |
| |
| <p><strong>Method 1</strong>:</p> |
| |
| <div class="language-xml highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> |
| <span class="nt"><action</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"myAction"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"myActionClass"</span><span class="nt">></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"exception"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"alias"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"params"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"servletConfig"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"prepare"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"i18n"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"chain"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"modelDriven"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"fileUpload"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"staticParams"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"params"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"conversionError"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"validation"</span><span class="nt">></span> |
| <span class="nt"><param</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"excludeMethods"</span><span class="nt">></span>myValidationExcludeMethod<span class="nt"></param></span> |
| <span class="nt"></interceptor-ref></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"workflow"</span><span class="nt">></span> |
| <span class="nt"><param</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"excludeMethods"</span><span class="nt">></span>myWorkflowExcludeMethod<span class="nt"></param></span> |
| <span class="nt"></interceptor-ref></span> |
| <span class="nt"></action></span> |
| </code></pre></div></div> |
| |
| <p><strong>Method 2</strong>:</p> |
| |
| <div class="language-xml highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> |
| <span class="nt"><action</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"myAction"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"myActionClass"</span><span class="nt">></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"defaultStack"</span><span class="nt">></span> |
| <span class="nt"><param</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"validation.excludeMethods"</span><span class="nt">></span>myValidationExcludeMethod<span class="nt"></param></span> |
| <span class="nt"><param</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"workflow.excludeMethods"</span><span class="nt">></span>myWorkflowExcludeMethod<span class="nt"></param></span> |
| <span class="nt"></interceptor-ref></span> |
| <span class="nt"></action></span> |
| </code></pre></div></div> |
| |
| <p>In the first method, the whole default stack is copied and the parameter then changed accordingly.</p> |
| |
| <p>In the second method, the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">interceptor-ref</code> refers to an existing interceptor-stack, namely <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">defaultStack</code> in this |
| example, and override the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">validator</code> and <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">workflow</code> interceptor <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">excludeMethods</code> attribute. Note that in the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">param</code> |
| tag, the name attribute contains a dot (.) the word before the dot(.) specifies the interceptor name whose parameter is |
| to be overridden and the word after the dot (.) specifies the parameter itself. The syntax is as follows:</p> |
| |
| <div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> <interceptor-name>.<parameter-name> |
| </code></pre></div></div> |
| |
| <p>Note also that in this case the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">interceptor-ref</code> name attribute is used to indicate an interceptor stack which makes |
| sense as if it is referring to the interceptor itself it would be just using Method 1 describe above.</p> |
| |
| <p><strong>Method 3</strong>:</p> |
| |
| <div class="language-xml highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptors></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-stack</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"parentStack"</span><span class="nt">></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"defaultStack"</span><span class="nt">></span> |
| <span class="nt"><param</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"params.excludeParams"</span><span class="nt">></span>token<span class="nt"></param></span> |
| <span class="nt"></interceptor-ref></span> |
| <span class="nt"></interceptor-stack></span> |
| <span class="nt"></interceptors></span> |
| |
| <span class="nt"><default-interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"parentStack"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| </code></pre></div></div> |
| |
| <h2 id="interceptor-parameter-overriding-inheritance">Interceptor Parameter Overriding Inheritance</h2> |
| |
| <p>Parameters override are not inherited in interceptors, meaning that the last set of overridden parameters will be used. |
| For example, if a stack overrides the parameter “defaultBlock” for the “postPrepareParameterFilter” interceptor as:</p> |
| |
| <div class="language-xml highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-stack</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"parentStack"</span><span class="nt">></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"postPrepareParameterFilter"</span><span class="nt">></span> |
| <span class="nt"><param</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"defaultBlock"</span><span class="nt">></span>true<span class="nt"></param></span> |
| <span class="nt"></interceptor-ref></span> |
| <span class="nt"></interceptor-stack></span> |
| </code></pre></div></div> |
| |
| <p>and an action overrides the “allowed” for “postPrepareParameterFilter”:</p> |
| |
| <div class="language-xml highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> |
| <span class="nt"><package</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"child2"</span> <span class="na">namespace=</span><span class="s">"/child"</span> <span class="na">extends=</span><span class="s">"parentPackage"</span><span class="nt">></span> |
| <span class="nt"><action</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"list"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"SomeAction"</span><span class="nt">></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"parentStack"</span><span class="nt">></span> |
| <span class="nt"><param</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"postPrepareParameterFilter.allowed"</span><span class="nt">></span>myObject.name<span class="nt"></param></span> |
| <span class="nt"></interceptor-ref></span> |
| <span class="nt"></action></span> |
| <span class="nt"></package></span> |
| </code></pre></div></div> |
| |
| <p>Then, only “allowed” will be overridden for the “postPrepareParameterFilter” interceptor in that action, |
| the other params will be null.</p> |
| |
| <h2 id="lazy-parameters">Lazy parameters</h2> |
| |
| <p>This functionality was added in Struts 2.5.9</p> |
| |
| <p>It is possible to define an interceptor with parameters evaluated during action invocation. In such case |
| the interceptor must be marked with <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">WithLazyParams</code> interface. This must be developer’s decision as interceptor |
| must be aware of having those parameters set during invocation and not when the interceptor is created as it happens |
| in normal way.</p> |
| |
| <p>Params are evaluated as any other expression starting with from action as a top object.</p> |
| |
| <div class="language-xml highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> |
| <span class="nt"><action</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"LazyFoo"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"com.opensymphony.xwork2.SimpleAction"</span><span class="nt">></span> |
| <span class="nt"><result</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"success"</span><span class="nt">></span>result.jsp<span class="nt"></result></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"lazy"</span><span class="nt">></span> |
| <span class="nt"><param</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"foo"</span><span class="nt">></span>${bar}<span class="nt"></param></span> |
| <span class="nt"></interceptor-ref></span> |
| <span class="nt"></action></span> |
| </code></pre></div></div> |
| |
| <div class="language-java highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kd">class</span> <span class="nc">MockLazyInterceptor</span> <span class="kd">extends</span> <span class="nc">AbstractInterceptor</span> <span class="kd">implements</span> <span class="nc">WithLazyParams</span> <span class="o">{</span> |
| |
| <span class="kd">private</span> <span class="nc">String</span> <span class="n">foo</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">""</span><span class="o">;</span> |
| |
| <span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kt">void</span> <span class="nf">setFoo</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="nc">String</span> <span class="n">foo</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">{</span> |
| <span class="k">this</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">foo</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">foo</span><span class="o">;</span> |
| <span class="o">}</span> |
| |
| <span class="kd">public</span> <span class="nc">String</span> <span class="nf">intercept</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="nc">ActionInvocation</span> <span class="n">invocation</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="kd">throws</span> <span class="nc">Exception</span> <span class="o">{</span> |
| <span class="o">....</span> |
| <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">invocation</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">invoke</span><span class="o">();</span> |
| <span class="o">}</span> |
| <span class="o">}</span> |
| </code></pre></div></div> |
| |
| <p>Please be aware that order of interceptors can matter when want to access parameters passed via request as those |
| parameters are set by <a href="parameters-interceptor">Parameters Interceptor</a>.</p> |
| |
| <h2 id="disabling-interceptor">Disabling interceptor</h2> |
| |
| <p>Since Struts 6.1.0 it is possible to <em>disable</em> a given interceptor which won’t be executed during action invocation. |
| All the interceptors extending the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">AbstractInterceptor</code> class (all the base interceptors do so) can use the parameters |
| overriding logic to set the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">disabled</code> parameter to <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">true</code> to skip processing of a given interceptor.</p> |
| |
| <p>An example how to disable the Validation interceptor:</p> |
| |
| <div class="language-xml highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> |
| <span class="nt"><action</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"myAction"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"myActionClass"</span><span class="nt">></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"defaultStack"</span><span class="nt">></span> |
| <span class="nt"><param</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"validation.disabled"</span><span class="nt">></span>true<span class="nt"></param></span> |
| <span class="nt"></interceptor-ref></span> |
| <span class="nt"></action></span> |
| </code></pre></div></div> |
| |
| <h2 id="order-of-interceptor-execution">Order of Interceptor Execution</h2> |
| |
| <p>Interceptors provide an excellent means to wrap before/after processing. The concept reduces code duplication (think |
| AOP).</p> |
| |
| <div class="language-xml highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-stack</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"xaStack"</span><span class="nt">></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"thisWillRunFirstInterceptor"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"thisWillRunNextInterceptor"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"followedByThisInterceptor"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"thisWillRunLastInterceptor"</span><span class="nt">/></span> |
| <span class="nt"></interceptor-stack></span> |
| </code></pre></div></div> |
| |
| <blockquote> |
| <p>Note that some Interceptors will interrupt the stack/chain/flow … so the order is very important.</p> |
| </blockquote> |
| |
| <p>Interceptors implementing <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.PreResultListener</code> will run after the Action executes |
| but before the Result executes.</p> |
| |
| <div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>thisWillRunFirstInterceptor |
| thisWillRunNextInterceptor |
| followedByThisInterceptor |
| thisWillRunLastInterceptor |
| MyAction1 |
| MyAction2 (chain) |
| MyPreResultListener |
| MyResult (result) |
| thisWillRunLastInterceptor |
| followedByThisInterceptor |
| thisWillRunNextInterceptor |
| thisWillRunFirstInterceptor |
| </code></pre></div></div> |
| |
| </section> |
| </article> |
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