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     <a class="edit-on-gh" href="https://github.com/apache/struts-site/edit/master/source/tag-developers/velocity.md" title="Edit this page on GitHub">Edit on GitHub</a>

     <a href="index" title="back to Tag Developers Guide"><< back to Tag Developers Guide</a>

     <h1 id="velocity">Velocity</h1>

 <p>Velocity is a templating language for Java.</p>

 <p>For more information on Velocity itself, please visit the <a href="http://velocity.apache.org/">Velocity website</a>.</p>

 <blockquote>
   <p>Velocity is similar to <a href="freemarker">FreeMarker</a>, as both are template languages that can be used outside
 of a Servlet container. The framework uses FreeMarker internally since it has better error reporting.
 Developers may also like that FreeMarker supports JSP taglibs. However, both are good alternatives to JSP.</p>
 </blockquote>

 <h2 id="getting-started">Getting Started</h2>

 <p>Getting started with Velocity is as simple as ensuring all the dependencies are included in your project’s classpath.
 Other than that, <code class="highlighter-rouge">struts-default.xml</code>  already configures the <a href="../core-developers/velocity-result">Velocity Result</a>.</p>

 <p><strong>struts.xml</strong></p>

 <div class="language-xml highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nt">&lt;action</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"test"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"com.acme.TestAction"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
     <span class="nt">&lt;result</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"success"</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"velocity"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>test-success.vm<span class="nt">&lt;/result&gt;</span>
 <span class="nt">&lt;/action&gt;</span>
 </code></pre></div></div>

 <p><strong>test-success.vm</strong></p>

 <div class="language-html highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nt">&lt;html&gt;</span>
 <span class="nt">&lt;head&gt;</span>
     <span class="nt">&lt;title&gt;</span>Hello<span class="nt">&lt;/title&gt;</span>
 <span class="nt">&lt;/head&gt;</span>
     <span class="nt">&lt;body&gt;</span>
     Hello, ${name}
     <span class="nt">&lt;/body&gt;</span>
 <span class="nt">&lt;/html&gt;</span>
 </code></pre></div></div>

 <p>Where <code class="highlighter-rouge">name</code> is a property on the Action class. That’s it!</p>

 <p>There are few more details of interest, such as how templates are loaded and variables are resolved.</p>

 <h2 id="template-loading">Template Loading</h2>

 <p>The framework looks for Velocity templates in two locations (in this order):</p>

 <ol>
   <li>
     <p>Web application</p>
   </li>
   <li>
     <p>Class path</p>
   </li>
 </ol>

 <p>The ordering is designed so that a default set of templates can be placed in a JAR (perhaps shared between applications).
 If a template needs to be overridden, a different version can be placed in the web application.</p>

 <p>Unlike JSPs, templates can be loaded from a JAR. Templates are a great way to support “plugins”, since the entire
 module can be delivered in a single JAR, and the views easily customized by the host application.</p>

 <h2 id="variable-resolution">Variable Resolution</h2>

 <p>In Velocity, there are three sources for variables, searched in a specific order.</p>

 <ol>
   <li>
     <p>The value stack</p>
   </li>
   <li>
     <p>The action context</p>
   </li>
   <li>
     <p>Built-in variables</p>
   </li>
 </ol>

 <p>Since the action context is resolved after the value stack, you can reference the variable without the typical preceding
 marker (<code class="highlighter-rouge">#</code>) that has to be used with the JSP <code class="highlighter-rouge">s:property</code> tag. Omitting the marker can be convenient, but it can also
 trip you up, if used carelessly.</p>

 <div class="highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>#surl "id=url" "value=http://www.yahoo.com"
 Click &lt;a href="${url}"&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;!
 </code></pre></div></div>

 <p>The Stuts2-Velocity integration layer provides several implicit variables.</p>

 <table>
   <thead>
     <tr>
       <th>Variable</th>
       <th>Description</th>
     </tr>
   </thead>
   <tbody>
     <tr>
       <td>stack</td>
       <td>The value stack itself, useful for calls like ${stack.findString(‘ognl expr’)}</td>
     </tr>
     <tr>
       <td>action</td>
       <td>The action most recently executed</td>
     </tr>
     <tr>
       <td>response</td>
       <td>The HttpServletResponse</td>
     </tr>
     <tr>
       <td>res</td>
       <td>Same as response</td>
     </tr>
     <tr>
       <td>request</td>
       <td>The HttpServletRequest</td>
     </tr>
     <tr>
       <td>req</td>
       <td>Same as request</td>
     </tr>
     <tr>
       <td>session</td>
       <td>The HttpSession</td>
     </tr>
     <tr>
       <td>application</td>
       <td>The ServletContext</td>
     </tr>
     <tr>
       <td>base</td>
       <td>The request’s context path</td>
     </tr>
   </tbody>
 </table>

 <h2 id="configuring-velocity">Configuring Velocity</h2>

 <p>You can configure Velocity by placing configuration items in <a href="../core-developers/velocity-properties">velocity.properties</a>.</p>

   </section>
 </article>


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	<article class="container">
	<section class="col-md-12">
	<a class="edit-on-gh" href="https://github.com/apache/struts-site/edit/master/source/tag-developers/velocity.md" title="Edit this page on GitHub">Edit on GitHub</a>

	<a href="index" title="back to Tag Developers Guide"><< back to Tag Developers Guide</a>

	<h1 id="velocity">Velocity</h1>

	<p>Velocity is a templating language for Java.</p>

	<p>For more information on Velocity itself, please visit the <a href="http://velocity.apache.org/">Velocity website</a>.</p>

	<blockquote>
	<p>Velocity is similar to <a href="freemarker">FreeMarker</a>, as both are template languages that can be used outside
	of a Servlet container. The framework uses FreeMarker internally since it has better error reporting.
	Developers may also like that FreeMarker supports JSP taglibs. However, both are good alternatives to JSP.</p>
	</blockquote>

	<h2 id="getting-started">Getting Started</h2>

	<p>Getting started with Velocity is as simple as ensuring all the dependencies are included in your project’s classpath.
	Other than that, <code class="highlighter-rouge">struts-default.xml</code> already configures the <a href="../core-developers/velocity-result">Velocity Result</a>.</p>

	<p><strong>struts.xml</strong></p>

	<div class="language-xml highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nt"><action</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"test"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"com.acme.TestAction"</span><span class="nt">></span>
	<span class="nt"><result</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"success"</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"velocity"</span><span class="nt">></span>test-success.vm<span class="nt"></result></span>
	<span class="nt"></action></span>
	</code></pre></div></div>

	<p><strong>test-success.vm</strong></p>

	<div class="language-html highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nt"><html></span>
	<span class="nt"><head></span>
	<span class="nt"><title></span>Hello<span class="nt"></title></span>
	<span class="nt"></head></span>
	<span class="nt"><body></span>
	Hello, ${name}
	<span class="nt"></body></span>
	<span class="nt"></html></span>
	</code></pre></div></div>

	<p>Where <code class="highlighter-rouge">name</code> is a property on the Action class. That’s it!</p>

	<p>There are few more details of interest, such as how templates are loaded and variables are resolved.</p>

	<h2 id="template-loading">Template Loading</h2>

	<p>The framework looks for Velocity templates in two locations (in this order):</p>

	<ol>
	<li>
	<p>Web application</p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p>Class path</p>
	</li>
	</ol>

	<p>The ordering is designed so that a default set of templates can be placed in a JAR (perhaps shared between applications).
	If a template needs to be overridden, a different version can be placed in the web application.</p>

	<p>Unlike JSPs, templates can be loaded from a JAR. Templates are a great way to support “plugins”, since the entire
	module can be delivered in a single JAR, and the views easily customized by the host application.</p>

	<h2 id="variable-resolution">Variable Resolution</h2>

	<p>In Velocity, there are three sources for variables, searched in a specific order.</p>

	<ol>
	<li>
	<p>The value stack</p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p>The action context</p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p>Built-in variables</p>
	</li>
	</ol>

	<p>Since the action context is resolved after the value stack, you can reference the variable without the typical preceding
	marker (<code class="highlighter-rouge">#</code>) that has to be used with the JSP <code class="highlighter-rouge">s:property</code> tag. Omitting the marker can be convenient, but it can also
	trip you up, if used carelessly.</p>

	<div class="highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>#surl "id=url" "value=http://www.yahoo.com"
	Click <a href="${url}">here</a>!
	</code></pre></div></div>

	<p>The Stuts2-Velocity integration layer provides several implicit variables.</p>

	<table>
	<thead>
	<tr>
	<th>Variable</th>
	<th>Description</th>
	</tr>
	</thead>
	<tbody>
	<tr>
	<td>stack</td>
	<td>The value stack itself, useful for calls like ${stack.findString(‘ognl expr’)}</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td>action</td>
	<td>The action most recently executed</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td>response</td>
	<td>The HttpServletResponse</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td>res</td>
	<td>Same as response</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td>request</td>
	<td>The HttpServletRequest</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td>req</td>
	<td>Same as request</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td>session</td>
	<td>The HttpSession</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td>application</td>
	<td>The ServletContext</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td>base</td>
	<td>The request’s context path</td>
	</tr>
	</tbody>
	</table>

	<h2 id="configuring-velocity">Configuring Velocity</h2>

	<p>You can configure Velocity by placing configuration items in <a href="../core-developers/velocity-properties">velocity.properties</a>.</p>

	</section>
	</article>


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