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layout: tag-developers title: Tag Developers Guide parent: url: themes-and-templates.html title: Themes and Templates

xhtml theme

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The xhtml provides all the basics that the simple theme provides and adds several features.

• Standard two-column table layout for the HTML Struts Tags (form, textfield, select, and so forth)
• Labels for each of the HTML Struts Tags on the left hand side (or top, depending on the labelposition attribute)
• Validation and error reporting
• Pure JavaScript Client Side Validation using 100% JavaScript on the browser

Wrapping the Simple Theme

The xhtml theme uses the “wrapping” technique described by Extending Themes. Let's look at how the HTML tags are wrapped by a standard header and footer. For example, in the text.ftl template, the controlheader.ftl and controlfooter.ftl templates are wrapped around the simple template.

{% highlight freemarker %} {% remote_file_content https://raw.githubusercontent.com/apache/struts/master/core/src/main/resources/template/xhtml/text.ftl %} {% endhighlight %}

The controlheader.ftl is referenced using ${parameters.theme} so that the code can be reused by the ajax theme.

XHTML Theme Header

Now let's look at the controlheader.ftl and controlheader-core.ftl. Again, these are split up for easy re-use with the ajax theme) contents:

{% highlight freemarker %} {% remote_file_content https://raw.githubusercontent.com/apache/struts/master/core/src/main/resources/template/xhtml/controlheader.ftl %} {% endhighlight %}

{% highlight freemarker %} {% remote_file_content https://raw.githubusercontent.com/apache/struts/master/core/src/main/resources/template/xhtml/controlheader-core.ftl %} {% endhighlight %}

The header used by the HTML tags in the xhtml theme is complicated. However, a close look reveals that the logic produces two behaviors: either a two-column format or a two-row format. Generally the two-column approach is what we want, so that is the default option. To use the two-row approach, change the labelposition parameter to top.

The fieldErrors, usually caused by Validation, are printed out as a row above the HTML form element. Some people prefer that the errors display elsewhere, such as in a third column. If you wish to place these elsehwere, overriding the headers is easy, allowing you to continue to use the other features provided by this theme. See Template Loading for more information on how to do this.

XHTML Theme Footer

The primary objective of controlfooter.ftl is to close the table. But, before the table closes, the template checks for an after parameter.

{% highlight freemarker %} {% remote_file_content https://raw.githubusercontent.com/apache/struts/master/core/src/main/resources/template/xhtml/controlfooter.ftl %} {% endhighlight %}

While after isn't an attribute supported by any of the Struts Tags, if you are using FreeMarker Tags, Velocity Tags, or the param tag in any template language, you can add an after parameter to place any content you like after the simple theme template renders. The after attribute makes it easier to fine-tune HTML forms for your specific environment.

Special Interest

Two xhtml templates of special interest are head and form.

xhtml head template

The xhtml head template extends the simple head template and provides an additional CSS that helps render the form elements.

{% highlight freemarker %} {% remote_file_content https://raw.githubusercontent.com/apache/struts/master/core/src/main/resources/template/xhtml/head.ftl %} {% endhighlight %}

The head template imports a style sheet. The contents of styles.css are:

{% highlight css %} {% remote_file_content https://raw.githubusercontent.com/apache/struts/master/core/src/main/resources/template/xhtml/styles.css %} {% endhighlight %}

form template

The xhtml form template sets up the wrapping table around all the other form elements. In addition to creating this wrapping table, the opening and closing templates also, if the validate parameter is set to true, enable Pure JavaScript Client Side Validation.

{% highlight freemarker %} {% remote_file_content https://raw.githubusercontent.com/apache/struts/master/core/src/main/resources/template/xhtml/form.ftl %} {% endhighlight %}

The closing template, form-close.ftl:

{% highlight freemarker %} {% remote_file_content https://raw.githubusercontent.com/apache/struts/master/core/src/main/resources/template/xhtml/form-close.ftl %} {% endhighlight %}

xhtml form template

The xhtml form template sets up the wrapping table around all the other xhtml theme form elements. In addition to creating this wrapping table, the opening and closing templates also, if the validate parameter is set to true, enable Pure JavaScript Client Side Validation.

See the form.ftl contents:

{% highlight freemarker %} {% remote_file_content https://raw.githubusercontent.com/apache/struts/master/core/src/main/resources/template/xhtml/form.ftl %} {% endhighlight %}

The closing template, form-close.ftl:

{% highlight freemarker %} {% remote_file_content https://raw.githubusercontent.com/apache/struts/master/core/src/main/resources/template/xhtml/form-close.ftl %} {% endhighlight %}