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     <a href="index.html" title="back to Core Developers Guide"><< back to Core Developers Guide</a>
     <a class="edit-on-gh" href="https://github.com/apache/struts-site/edit/master/source/core-developers/freemarker-support.md" title="Edit this page on GitHub">Edit on GitHub</a>
     <h1 id="freemarker-support">Freemarker Support</h1>

 <p>Freemarker views can be rendered using a result type <code class="highlighter-rouge">freemarker</code>.</p>

 <h2 id="configure-your-action-to-use-the-freemarker-result-type">Configure your action to use the freemarker result type</h2>

 <p>The <code class="highlighter-rouge">freemarker</code> result type is defined in <code class="highlighter-rouge">struts-default.xml</code>, so normally you just include it, and define your results to use <code class="highlighter-rouge">type="freemarker"</code>.</p>

 <div class="language-xml highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nt">&lt;include</span> <span class="na">file=</span><span class="s">"struts-default.xml"</span><span class="nt">/&gt;</span>
 ...
 <span class="nt">&lt;action</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"test"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"package.Test"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
   <span class="nt">&lt;result</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"success"</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"freemarker"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>/WEB-INF/views/testView.ftl<span class="nt">&lt;/result&gt;</span>
 <span class="nt">&lt;/action&gt;</span>
 ...

 </code></pre></div></div>

 <h2 id="property-resolution">Property Resolution</h2>

 <p>Your action properties are automatically resolved - just like in a velocity view.</p>

 <p><strong>for example</strong></p>

 <p><code class="highlighter-rouge">${name}</code> will result in <code class="highlighter-rouge">stack.findValue("name")</code>, which <em>generally</em>  results in <code class="highlighter-rouge">action.getName()</code> being executed.</p>

 <p>A search process is used to resolve the variable, searching the following scopes in order, until a value is found:</p>

 <ul>
   <li>freemarker variables</li>
   <li>value stack</li>
   <li>request attributes</li>
   <li>session attributes</li>
   <li>servlet context attributes</li>
 </ul>

 <h2 id="objects-in-the-context">Objects in the Context</h2>

 <p>The following variables exist in the FreeMarker views:</p>

 <ul>
   <li><code class="highlighter-rouge">req</code> - the current <code class="highlighter-rouge">HttpServletRequest</code></li>
   <li><code class="highlighter-rouge">res</code> - the current <code class="highlighter-rouge">HttpServletResponse</code></li>
   <li><code class="highlighter-rouge">stack</code> - the current <code class="highlighter-rouge">OgnlValueStack</code></li>
   <li><code class="highlighter-rouge">ognl</code> - the <code class="highlighter-rouge">OgnlTool</code> instance
     <ul>
       <li>This class contains useful methods to execute OGNL expressions against arbitary objects, and a method to generate a select list using
 the <code class="highlighter-rouge">&lt;s:select/&gt;</code> pattern. (i.e. taking the name of the list property, a listKey and listValue)</li>
     </ul>
   </li>
   <li><code class="highlighter-rouge">struts</code> - an instance of <code class="highlighter-rouge">StrutsBeanWrapper</code></li>
   <li><code class="highlighter-rouge">action</code> - the current Struts action</li>
   <li><code class="highlighter-rouge">exception</code> - <em>optional</em>  the Exception instance, if the view is a JSP exception or Servlet exception view</li>
 </ul>

 <h2 id="freemarker-configuration-with-recent-releases">FreeMarker configuration with recent releases</h2>

 <p>To configure the freemarker engine that Struts uses, just add a file <code class="highlighter-rouge">freemarker.properties</code> to the classpath. The supported properties
 are those that the Freemarker Configuration object expects - see the <a href="https://freemarker.apache.org/docs/api/freemarker/template/Configuration.html#setSetting-java.lang.String-java.lang.String-">Freemarker documentation</a>
 for these.</p>

 <div class="highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>default_encoding=ISO-8859-1
 template_update_delay=5
 locale=no_NO
 </code></pre></div></div>

 <h2 id="using-struts-ui-tags---or-any-jsp-tag-library">Using struts UI tags - or any JSP Tag Library</h2>

 <p>Freemarker has builtin support for using any JSP taglib. You can use JSP taglibs in FreeMarker even if</p>
 <ul>
   <li>your servlet container has no support for JSP, or</li>
   <li>you didn’t specify the taglib in your web.xml - note how in the example below we refer to the taglib by its webapp-absolute URL,
  so no configuration in web.xml is needed.</li>
 </ul>

 <pre><code class="language-ftl">&lt;#assign s=JspTaglibs["/WEB-INF/struts.tld"] /&gt;

 &lt;@s.form method="'post'" name="'inputform'" action="'save.action'" &gt;
     &lt;@s.hidden name="'id'" /&gt;
     &lt;@s.textarea label="'Details'" name="'details'" rows=5 cols=40 /&gt;
     &lt;@s.submit value="'Save'" align="center" /&gt;
 &lt;/@s.form&gt;

 </code></pre>

 <p><em>NOTE</em>: numeric properties for tags MUST be numbers, not strings. as in the rows and cols properties above. if you use <code class="highlighter-rouge">cols="40"</code> you will
 receive an exception. Other than that, the freemarker tag container behaves as you would expect.</p>

 <h2 id="dynamic-attributes-support">Dynamic attributes support</h2>

 <p>You can specify dynamic attributes with Struts 2 tags like this:</p>

 <pre><code class="language-ftl">&lt;@s.textfield name="test" dynamicAttributes={"placeholder":"input","foo":"bar"}/&gt;
 </code></pre>

 <p>or like this:</p>

 <pre><code class="language-ftl">&lt;@s.textfield name="test" placeholder="input" foo="bar"/&gt;
 </code></pre>

 <p>and for both case, it will be parsed into:</p>

 <div class="language-html highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"text"</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"test"</span> <span class="na">value=</span><span class="s">""</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"test"</span> <span class="na">placeholder=</span><span class="s">"input"</span> <span class="na">foo=</span><span class="s">"bar"</span><span class="nt">/&gt;</span>

 </code></pre></div></div>

 <p>You can also use OGNL expressions with dynamic tags like below:</p>

 <pre><code class="language-ftl">&lt;@s.textfield name="test" placeholder="input" foo="checked: %{bar}"/&gt;
 </code></pre>

 <p>When using attributes with hyphens, use the below syntax (you can also leave the single quotes from false if you want)</p>

 <pre><code class="language-ftl">&lt;@s.form dynamicAttributes={'data-ajax':'false'}&gt;
   ...
 &lt;/@s.form&gt;
 </code></pre>

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	<a href="index.html" title="back to Core Developers Guide"><< back to Core Developers Guide</a>
	<a class="edit-on-gh" href="https://github.com/apache/struts-site/edit/master/source/core-developers/freemarker-support.md" title="Edit this page on GitHub">Edit on GitHub</a>
	<h1 id="freemarker-support">Freemarker Support</h1>

	<p>Freemarker views can be rendered using a result type <code class="highlighter-rouge">freemarker</code>.</p>

	<h2 id="configure-your-action-to-use-the-freemarker-result-type">Configure your action to use the freemarker result type</h2>

	<p>The <code class="highlighter-rouge">freemarker</code> result type is defined in <code class="highlighter-rouge">struts-default.xml</code>, so normally you just include it, and define your results to use <code class="highlighter-rouge">type="freemarker"</code>.</p>

	<div class="language-xml highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nt"><include</span> <span class="na">file=</span><span class="s">"struts-default.xml"</span><span class="nt">/></span>
	...
	<span class="nt"><action</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"test"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"package.Test"</span><span class="nt">></span>
	<span class="nt"><result</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"success"</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"freemarker"</span><span class="nt">></span>/WEB-INF/views/testView.ftl<span class="nt"></result></span>
	<span class="nt"></action></span>
	...

	</code></pre></div></div>

	<h2 id="property-resolution">Property Resolution</h2>

	<p>Your action properties are automatically resolved - just like in a velocity view.</p>

	<p><strong>for example</strong></p>

	<p><code class="highlighter-rouge">${name}</code> will result in <code class="highlighter-rouge">stack.findValue("name")</code>, which <em>generally</em> results in <code class="highlighter-rouge">action.getName()</code> being executed.</p>

	<p>A search process is used to resolve the variable, searching the following scopes in order, until a value is found:</p>

	<ul>
	<li>freemarker variables</li>
	<li>value stack</li>
	<li>request attributes</li>
	<li>session attributes</li>
	<li>servlet context attributes</li>
	</ul>

	<h2 id="objects-in-the-context">Objects in the Context</h2>

	<p>The following variables exist in the FreeMarker views:</p>

	<ul>
	<li><code class="highlighter-rouge">req</code> - the current <code class="highlighter-rouge">HttpServletRequest</code></li>
	<li><code class="highlighter-rouge">res</code> - the current <code class="highlighter-rouge">HttpServletResponse</code></li>
	<li><code class="highlighter-rouge">stack</code> - the current <code class="highlighter-rouge">OgnlValueStack</code></li>
	<li><code class="highlighter-rouge">ognl</code> - the <code class="highlighter-rouge">OgnlTool</code> instance
	<ul>
	<li>This class contains useful methods to execute OGNL expressions against arbitary objects, and a method to generate a select list using
	the <code class="highlighter-rouge"><s:select/></code> pattern. (i.e. taking the name of the list property, a listKey and listValue)</li>
	</ul>
	</li>
	<li><code class="highlighter-rouge">struts</code> - an instance of <code class="highlighter-rouge">StrutsBeanWrapper</code></li>
	<li><code class="highlighter-rouge">action</code> - the current Struts action</li>
	<li><code class="highlighter-rouge">exception</code> - <em>optional</em> the Exception instance, if the view is a JSP exception or Servlet exception view</li>
	</ul>

	<h2 id="freemarker-configuration-with-recent-releases">FreeMarker configuration with recent releases</h2>

	<p>To configure the freemarker engine that Struts uses, just add a file <code class="highlighter-rouge">freemarker.properties</code> to the classpath. The supported properties
	are those that the Freemarker Configuration object expects - see the <a href="https://freemarker.apache.org/docs/api/freemarker/template/Configuration.html#setSetting-java.lang.String-java.lang.String-">Freemarker documentation</a>
	for these.</p>

	<div class="highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>default_encoding=ISO-8859-1
	template_update_delay=5
	locale=no_NO
	</code></pre></div></div>

	<h2 id="using-struts-ui-tags---or-any-jsp-tag-library">Using struts UI tags - or any JSP Tag Library</h2>

	<p>Freemarker has builtin support for using any JSP taglib. You can use JSP taglibs in FreeMarker even if</p>
	<ul>
	<li>your servlet container has no support for JSP, or</li>
	<li>you didn’t specify the taglib in your web.xml - note how in the example below we refer to the taglib by its webapp-absolute URL,
	so no configuration in web.xml is needed.</li>
	</ul>

	<pre><code class="language-ftl"><#assign s=JspTaglibs["/WEB-INF/struts.tld"] />

	<@s.form method="'post'" name="'inputform'" action="'save.action'" >
	<@s.hidden name="'id'" />
	<@s.textarea label="'Details'" name="'details'" rows=5 cols=40 />
	<@s.submit value="'Save'" align="center" />
	</@s.form>

	</code></pre>

	<p><em>NOTE</em>: numeric properties for tags MUST be numbers, not strings. as in the rows and cols properties above. if you use <code class="highlighter-rouge">cols="40"</code> you will
	receive an exception. Other than that, the freemarker tag container behaves as you would expect.</p>

	<h2 id="dynamic-attributes-support">Dynamic attributes support</h2>

	<p>You can specify dynamic attributes with Struts 2 tags like this:</p>

	<pre><code class="language-ftl"><@s.textfield name="test" dynamicAttributes={"placeholder":"input","foo":"bar"}/>
	</code></pre>

	<p>or like this:</p>

	<pre><code class="language-ftl"><@s.textfield name="test" placeholder="input" foo="bar"/>
	</code></pre>

	<p>and for both case, it will be parsed into:</p>

	<div class="language-html highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nt"><input</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"text"</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"test"</span> <span class="na">value=</span><span class="s">""</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"test"</span> <span class="na">placeholder=</span><span class="s">"input"</span> <span class="na">foo=</span><span class="s">"bar"</span><span class="nt">/></span>

	</code></pre></div></div>

	<p>You can also use OGNL expressions with dynamic tags like below:</p>

	<pre><code class="language-ftl"><@s.textfield name="test" placeholder="input" foo="checked: %{bar}"/>
	</code></pre>

	<p>When using attributes with hyphens, use the below syntax (you can also leave the single quotes from false if you want)</p>

	<pre><code class="language-ftl"><@s.form dynamicAttributes={'data-ajax':'false'}>
	...
	</@s.form>
	</code></pre>

	</section>
	</article>


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