/**
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package storm.starter.bolt;

import backtype.storm.Config;
import backtype.storm.task.OutputCollector;
import backtype.storm.task.TopologyContext;
import backtype.storm.topology.OutputFieldsDeclarer;
import backtype.storm.topology.base.BaseRichBolt;
import backtype.storm.tuple.Fields;
import backtype.storm.tuple.Tuple;
import backtype.storm.tuple.Values;
import backtype.storm.utils.TupleUtils;
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import storm.starter.tools.NthLastModifiedTimeTracker;
import storm.starter.tools.SlidingWindowCounter;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;

/**
 * This bolt performs rolling counts of incoming objects, i.e. sliding window based counting.
 * <p></p>
 * The bolt is configured by two parameters, the length of the sliding window in seconds (which influences the output
 * data of the bolt, i.e. how it will count objects) and the emit frequency in seconds (which influences how often the
 * bolt will output the latest window counts). For instance, if the window length is set to an equivalent of five
 * minutes and the emit frequency to one minute, then the bolt will output the latest five-minute sliding window every
 * minute.
 * <p></p>
 * The bolt emits a rolling count tuple per object, consisting of the object itself, its latest rolling count, and the
 * actual duration of the sliding window. The latter is included in case the expected sliding window length (as
 * configured by the user) is different from the actual length, e.g. due to high system load. Note that the actual
 * window length is tracked and calculated for the window, and not individually for each object within a window.
 * <p></p>
 * Note: During the startup phase you will usually observe that the bolt warns you about the actual sliding window
 * length being smaller than the expected length. This behavior is expected and is caused by the way the sliding window
 * counts are initially "loaded up". You can safely ignore this warning during startup (e.g. you will see this warning
 * during the first ~ five minutes of startup time if the window length is set to five minutes).
 */
public class RollingCountBolt extends BaseRichBolt {

  private static final long serialVersionUID = 5537727428628598519L;
  private static final Logger LOG = Logger.getLogger(RollingCountBolt.class);
  private static final int NUM_WINDOW_CHUNKS = 5;
  private static final int DEFAULT_SLIDING_WINDOW_IN_SECONDS = NUM_WINDOW_CHUNKS * 60;
  private static final int DEFAULT_EMIT_FREQUENCY_IN_SECONDS = DEFAULT_SLIDING_WINDOW_IN_SECONDS / NUM_WINDOW_CHUNKS;
  private static final String WINDOW_LENGTH_WARNING_TEMPLATE =
      "Actual window length is %d seconds when it should be %d seconds"
          + " (you can safely ignore this warning during the startup phase)";

  private final SlidingWindowCounter<Object> counter;
  private final int windowLengthInSeconds;
  private final int emitFrequencyInSeconds;
  private OutputCollector collector;
  private NthLastModifiedTimeTracker lastModifiedTracker;

  public RollingCountBolt() {
    this(DEFAULT_SLIDING_WINDOW_IN_SECONDS, DEFAULT_EMIT_FREQUENCY_IN_SECONDS);
  }

  public RollingCountBolt(int windowLengthInSeconds, int emitFrequencyInSeconds) {
    this.windowLengthInSeconds = windowLengthInSeconds;
    this.emitFrequencyInSeconds = emitFrequencyInSeconds;
    counter = new SlidingWindowCounter<Object>(deriveNumWindowChunksFrom(this.windowLengthInSeconds,
        this.emitFrequencyInSeconds));
  }

  private int deriveNumWindowChunksFrom(int windowLengthInSeconds, int windowUpdateFrequencyInSeconds) {
    return windowLengthInSeconds / windowUpdateFrequencyInSeconds;
  }

  @SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
  @Override
  public void prepare(Map stormConf, TopologyContext context, OutputCollector collector) {
    this.collector = collector;
    lastModifiedTracker = new NthLastModifiedTimeTracker(deriveNumWindowChunksFrom(this.windowLengthInSeconds,
        this.emitFrequencyInSeconds));
  }

  @Override
  public void execute(Tuple tuple) {
    if (TupleUtils.isTick(tuple)) {
      LOG.debug("Received tick tuple, triggering emit of current window counts");
      emitCurrentWindowCounts();
    }
    else {
      countObjAndAck(tuple);
    }
  }

  private void emitCurrentWindowCounts() {
    Map<Object, Long> counts = counter.getCountsThenAdvanceWindow();
    int actualWindowLengthInSeconds = lastModifiedTracker.secondsSinceOldestModification();
    lastModifiedTracker.markAsModified();
    if (actualWindowLengthInSeconds != windowLengthInSeconds) {
      LOG.warn(String.format(WINDOW_LENGTH_WARNING_TEMPLATE, actualWindowLengthInSeconds, windowLengthInSeconds));
    }
    emit(counts, actualWindowLengthInSeconds);
  }

  private void emit(Map<Object, Long> counts, int actualWindowLengthInSeconds) {
    for (Entry<Object, Long> entry : counts.entrySet()) {
      Object obj = entry.getKey();
      Long count = entry.getValue();
      collector.emit(new Values(obj, count, actualWindowLengthInSeconds));
    }
  }

  private void countObjAndAck(Tuple tuple) {
    Object obj = tuple.getValue(0);
    counter.incrementCount(obj);
    collector.ack(tuple);
  }

  @Override
  public void declareOutputFields(OutputFieldsDeclarer declarer) {
    declarer.declare(new Fields("obj", "count", "actualWindowLengthInSeconds"));
  }

  @Override
  public Map<String, Object> getComponentConfiguration() {
    Map<String, Object> conf = new HashMap<String, Object>();
    conf.put(Config.TOPOLOGY_TICK_TUPLE_FREQ_SECS, emitFrequencyInSeconds);
    return conf;
  }
}