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  2. pom.xml
  3. README.md
external/storm-hive/README.md

Storm Hive Bolt & Trident State

Hive offers streaming API that allows data to be written continuously into Hive. The incoming data can be continuously committed in small batches of records into existing Hive partition or table. Once the data is committed its immediately visible to all hive queries. More info on Hive Streaming API https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/Hive/Streaming+Data+Ingest

With the help of Hive Streaming API, HiveBolt and HiveState allows users to stream data from Storm into Hive directly. To use Hive streaming API users need to create a bucketed table with ORC format. Example below

create table test_table ( id INT, name STRING, phone STRING, street STRING) partitioned by (city STRING, state STRING) stored as orc tblproperties ("orc.compress"="NONE");

HiveBolt (org.apache.storm.hive.bolt.HiveBolt)

HiveBolt streams tuples directly into Hive. Tuples are written using Hive Transactions. Partitions to which HiveBolt will stream to can either created or pre-created or optionally HiveBolt can create them if they are missing. Fields from Tuples are mapped to table columns. User should make sure that Tuple field names are matched to the table column names.

DelimitedRecordHiveMapper mapper = new DelimitedRecordHiveMapper()
            .withColumnFields(new Fields(colNames));
HiveOptions hiveOptions = new HiveOptions(metaStoreURI,dbName,tblName,mapper);
HiveBolt hiveBolt = new HiveBolt(hiveOptions);

RecordHiveMapper

This class maps Tuple field names to Hive table column names. There are two implementaitons available

  • DelimitedRecordHiveMapper (org.apache.storm.hive.bolt.mapper.DelimitedRecordHiveMapper)
  • JsonRecordHiveMapper (org.apache.storm.hive.bolt.mapper.JsonRecordHiveMapper)
DelimitedRecordHiveMapper mapper = new DelimitedRecordHiveMapper()
         .withColumnFields(new Fields(colNames))
         .withPartitionFields(new Fields(partNames));
 or
DelimitedRecordHiveMapper mapper = new DelimitedRecordHiveMapper()
         .withColumnFields(new Fields(colNames))
         .withTimeAsPartitionField("YYYY/MM/DD");
ArgDescriptionType
withColumnFieldsfield names in a tuple to be mapped to table column namesFields (required)
withPartitionFieldsfield names in a tuple can be mapped to hive table partitionsFields
withTimeAsPartitionFieldusers can select system time as partition in hive tableString . Date format

HiveOptions (org.apache.storm.hive.common.HiveOptions)

HiveBolt takes in HiveOptions as a constructor arg.

HiveOptions hiveOptions = new HiveOptions(metaStoreURI,dbName,tblName,mapper)
                              .withTxnsPerBatch(10)
              				.withBatchSize(1000)
              	     		.withIdleTimeout(10)

HiveOptions params

ArgDescriptionType
metaStoreURIhive meta store URI (can be found in hive-site.xml)String (required)
dbNamedatabase nameString (required)
tblNametable nameString (required)
mapperMapper class to map Tuple field names to Table column namesDelimitedRecordHiveMapper or JsonRecordHiveMapper (required)
withTxnsPerBatchHive grants a batch of transactions instead of single transactions to streaming clients like HiveBolt.This setting configures the number of desired transactions per Transaction Batch. Data from all transactions in a single batch end up in a single file. HiveBolt will write a maximum of batchSize events in each transaction in the batch. This setting in conjunction with batchSize provides control over the size of each file. Note that eventually Hive will transparently compact these files into larger files.Integer . default 100
withMaxOpenConnectionsAllow only this number of open connections. If this number is exceeded, the least recently used connection is closed.Integer . default 100
withBatchSizeMax number of events written to Hive in a single Hive transactionInteger. default 15000
withCallTimeout(In milliseconds) Timeout for Hive & HDFS I/O operations, such as openTxn, write, commit, abort.Integer. default 10000
withHeartBeatInterval(In seconds) Interval between consecutive heartbeats sent to Hive to keep unused transactions from expiring. Set this value to 0 to disable heartbeats.Integer. default 240
withAutoCreatePartitionsHiveBolt will automatically create the necessary Hive partitions to stream to.Boolean. default true
withKerberosPrinicipalKerberos user principal for accessing secure HiveString
withKerberosKeytabKerberos keytab for accessing secure HiveString
withTickTupleInterval(In seconds) If > 0 then the Hive Bolt will periodically flush transaction batches. Enabling this is recommended to avoid tuple timeouts while waiting for a batch to fill up.Integer. default 0

HiveState (org.apache.storm.hive.trident.HiveTrident)

Hive Trident state also follows similar pattern to HiveBolt it takes in HiveOptions as an arg.

   DelimitedRecordHiveMapper mapper = new DelimitedRecordHiveMapper()
            .withColumnFields(new Fields(colNames))
            .withTimeAsPartitionField("YYYY/MM/DD");
            
   HiveOptions hiveOptions = new HiveOptions(metaStoreURI,dbName,tblName,mapper)
                                .withTxnsPerBatch(10)
                				.withBatchSize(1000)
                	     		.withIdleTimeout(10)
                	     		
   StateFactory factory = new HiveStateFactory().withOptions(hiveOptions);
   TridentState state = stream.partitionPersist(factory, hiveFields, new HiveUpdater(), new Fields());

##Working with Secure Hive If your topology is going to interact with secure Hive, your bolts/states needs to be authenticated by Hive Server. We currently have 2 options to support this:

Using keytabs on all worker hosts

If you have distributed the keytab files for hive user on all potential worker hosts then you can use this method. You should specify hive configs using the methods HiveOptions.withKerberosKeytab(), HiveOptions.withKerberosPrincipal() methods.

On worker hosts the bolt/trident-state code will use the keytab file with principal provided in the config to authenticate with Hive. This method is little dangerous as you need to ensure all workers have the keytab file at the same location and you need to remember this as you bring up new hosts in the cluster.

Using Hive MetaStore delegation tokens

Your administrator can configure nimbus to automatically get delegation tokens on behalf of the topology submitter user. Since Hive depends on HDFS, we should also configure HDFS delegation tokens.

More details about Hadoop Tokens here: https://github.com/apache/storm/blob/master/docs/storm-hdfs.md

The nimbus should be started with following configurations:

nimbus.autocredential.plugins.classes : ["org.apache.storm.hive.security.AutoHive", "org.apache.storm.hdfs.security.AutoHDFS"]
nimbus.credential.renewers.classes : ["org.apache.storm.hive.security.AutoHive", "org.apache.storm.hdfs.security.AutoHDFS"]
nimbus.credential.renewers.freq.secs : 82800 (23 hours)

hive.keytab.file: "/path/to/keytab/on/nimbus" (Keytab of The Hive metastore thrift server service principal. This is used to impersonate other users.)
hive.kerberos.principal: "hive-metastore/_HOST@EXAMPLE.com" (The service principal for the metastore thrift server.)
hive.metastore.uris: "thrift://server:9083"

//hdfs configs
hdfs.keytab.file: "/path/to/keytab/on/nimbus" (This is the keytab of hdfs super user that can impersonate other users.)
hdfs.kerberos.principal: "superuser@EXAMPLE.com"

Your topology configuration should have:

topology.auto-credentials :["org.apache.storm.hive.security.AutoHive", "org.apache.storm.hdfs.security.AutoHDFS"]

If nimbus did not have the above configuration you need to add and then restart it. Ensure the hadoop configuration files (core-site.xml, hdfs-site.xml and hive-site.xml) and the storm-hive connector jar with all the dependencies is present in nimbus's classpath.

As an alternative to adding the configuration files (core-site.xml, hdfs-site.xml and hive-site.xml) to the classpath, you could specify the configurations as a part of the topology configuration. E.g. in you custom storm.yaml (or -c option while submitting the topology),

hiveCredentialsConfigKeys : ["hivecluster1", "hivecluster2"] (the hive clusters you want to fetch the tokens from)
"hivecluster1": {"config1": "value1", "config2": "value2", ... } (A map of config key-values specific to cluster1)
"hivecluster2": {"config1": "value1", "hive.keytab.file": "/path/to/keytab/for/cluster2/on/nimubs", "hive.kerberos.principal": "cluster2user@EXAMPLE.com", "hive.metastore.uris": "thrift://server:9083"} (here along with other configs, we have custom keytab and principal for "cluster2" which will override the keytab/principal specified at topology level)

hdfsCredentialsConfigKeys : ["hdfscluster1", "hdfscluster2"] (the hdfs clusters you want to fetch the tokens from)
"hdfscluster1": {"config1": "value1", "config2": "value2", ... } (A map of config key-values specific to cluster1)
"hdfscluster2": {"config1": "value1", "hdfs.keytab.file": "/path/to/keytab/for/cluster2/on/nimubs", "hdfs.kerberos.principal": "cluster2user@EXAMPLE.com"} (here along with other configs, we have custom keytab and principal for "cluster2" which will override the keytab/principal specified at topology level)

Instead of specifying key values you may also directly specify the resource files for e.g.,

"cluster1": {"resources": ["/path/to/core-site1.xml", "/path/to/hdfs-site1.xml", "/path/to/hive-site1.xml"]}
"cluster2": {"resources": ["/path/to/core-site2.xml", "/path/to/hdfs-site2.xml", "/path/to/hive-site2.xml"]}

Storm will download the tokens separately for each of the clusters and populate it into the subject and also renew the tokens periodically. This way it would be possible to run multiple bolts connecting to separate Hive cluster within the same topology.

Nimbus will use the keytab and principal specified in the config to authenticate with Hive metastore. From then on for every topology submission, nimbus will impersonate the topology submitter user and acquire delegation tokens on behalf of the topology submitter user. If topology was started with topology.auto-credentials set to AutoHive, nimbus will push the delegation tokens to all the workers for your topology and the hive bolt/state will authenticate with Hive Server using these tokens.

As nimbus is impersonating topology submitter user, you need to ensure the user specified in hive.kerberos.principal has permissions to acquire tokens on behalf of other users.

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