| /* |
| * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more |
| * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with |
| * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. |
| * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0 |
| * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with |
| * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at |
| * |
| * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 |
| * |
| * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software |
| * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, |
| * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. |
| * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and |
| * limitations under the License. |
| */ |
| package org.apache.stanbol.enhancer.nlp.morpho; |
| |
| import java.util.Collections; |
| import java.util.EnumSet; |
| import java.util.Set; |
| |
| import org.apache.clerezza.rdf.core.UriRef; |
| |
| /** |
| * Defines verb tenses as defined by the <a href="">OLIA</a> Ontology. |
| * <p> |
| * The hierarchy is represented by this enumeration. The {@link Set} of parent concepts is accessible via the |
| * {@link #getParent()} and {@link #getTenses()}. |
| */ |
| public enum Case { |
| |
| /** |
| * AbessiveCase expresses the lack or absence of the referent of the noun it marks. It has the meaning of |
| * the English preposition 'without' (Pei and Gaynor 1954: 3,35; Gove, et al. 1966: 3). |
| * (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Abessive) |
| */ |
| Abessive, |
| /** |
| * Case used to indicate locative or instrumental function. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1224) |
| * |
| * AblativeCase expresses that the referent of the noun it marks is the location from which another |
| * referent is moving. It has the meaning 'from'. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Ablative) |
| */ |
| Ablative, |
| /** |
| * Absolutive case marks the first argument of an intransitive verb and the second argument of a |
| * transitive verb in ergative-absolutive languages. |
| * (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#absolutiveCase) |
| */ |
| Absolutive, |
| /** |
| * In nominative-accusative languages, accusative case marks certain syntactic functions, usually direct |
| * objects. (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/glossaryoflinguisticterms/WhatIsAccusativeCase.htm 17.11.06) |
| */ |
| Accusative("Accusative"), |
| /** |
| * AdessiveCase expresses that the referent of the noun it marks is the location near/at which another |
| * referent exists. It has the meaning of 'at' or 'near' (Crystal 1997: 8). |
| * (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Adessive) |
| */ |
| Adessive, |
| /** |
| * Case expressing "to" in Basque studies. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1229) |
| */ |
| Aditive, |
| /** |
| * AllativeCase expresses motion to or toward the referent of the noun it marks (Pei and Gaynor 1954: |
| * 6,9,216; Lyons 1968: 299; Crystal 1985: 1213; Gove, et al. 1966: 55,2359). |
| * (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Allative) |
| */ |
| Allative, |
| /** |
| * BenefactiveCase expresses that the referent of the noun it marks receives the benefit of the situation |
| * expressed by the clause (Crystal 1980: 43; Gove, et al. 1966: 203). |
| * (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Benefactive) |
| */ |
| Benefactive, |
| /** |
| * Case which expresses that the referent of the noun it marks is the cause of the situation expressed by |
| * the clause. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1253) |
| */ |
| Causative, |
| /** |
| * ComitativeCase expresses accompaniment. It carries the meaning 'with' or 'accompanied by' (Anderson, |
| * Stephen 1985: 186; Pei and Gaynor 1954: 42;Dixon, R. 1972: 12; Gove, et al. 1966: 455). |
| * (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Comitative) |
| */ |
| Comitative, |
| /** |
| * ContablativeCase expresses that the referent of the noun it marks is the location from near which |
| * another referent is moving. It has the meaning 'from near'. |
| * (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Contablative) |
| */ |
| Contablative, |
| /** |
| * ContallativeCase expresses that something is moving toward the vicinity of the referent of the noun it |
| * marks. It has the meaning 'towards the vicinity of'. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Contallative) |
| */ |
| Contallative, |
| /** |
| * ConterminativeCase expresses the notion of something moving into the vicinity of the referent of the |
| * noun it marks, but not through that region. It has the meaning 'moving into the vicinity of'. |
| * (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Conterminative) |
| */ |
| Conterminative, |
| /** |
| * ContlativeCase expresses that the referent of the noun it marks is the location in the vicinity of |
| * which another referent is moving. It has the meaning 'in the vicinity of'. |
| * (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Contlative) |
| */ |
| Contlative, |
| /** |
| * Dative case marks indirect objects (for languages in which they are held to exist), or nouns having the |
| * role of a recipient (as of things given), a beneficiary of an action, or a possessor of an item. |
| * (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/glossaryoflinguisticterms/WhatIsDativeCase.htm 17.11.06) |
| */ |
| Dative, |
| /** |
| * DelativeCase expresses motion downward from the referent of the noun it marks (Pei and Gaynor 1954: 53; |
| * Gove, et al. 1966: 595). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Delative) |
| */ |
| Delative, |
| /** |
| * In the Romanian case system the value 'direct' conflates 'nominative' and 'accusative', e.g., |
| * -acea/acel, -aceasta/acesta, -această/acest (http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#DirectCase) |
| */ |
| Direct, |
| /** |
| * The distributive case is used on nouns for the meanings of per or each, e.g., Hungarian egyenként/egy, |
| * hetenként/hét, ilyenként/ily, kéthetenként/kéthét, rekordonként/rekord, tömbönként/tömb, |
| * vércsoportonként/vércsoport |
| * |
| * In Hungarian it is -nként and expresses the manner when something happens to each member of a set one |
| * by one (e.g., fejenként "per head", esetenként "in some case"), or the frequency in time (hetenként |
| * "once a week", tízpercenként "every ten minutes"). In the Finnish language, this adverb type is rare, |
| * even rarer in the singular. Its ending is -ttain/-ttäin. The basic meaning is "separately for each". |
| * For example, maa ("country") becomes maittain for an expression like Laki ratifioidaan maittain |
| * ("The law is ratified separately in each country"). It can be used to distribute the action to frequent |
| * points in time, e.g., päivä (day) has the plural distributive päivittäin (each day). It can mean also |
| * "in (or with) regard to the (cultural) perspective" when combined with a word referring to an |
| * inhabitant (-lais-). Frequently Finns (suomalaiset) say that suomalaisittain tuntuu oudolta, että, or |
| * "in the Finnish perspective, it feels strange that". |
| * (http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#DistributiveCase, |
| * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributive_case) |
| */ |
| Distributive, |
| /** |
| * ElativeCase expresses that the referent of the noun it marks is the location out of which another |
| * referent is moving. It has the meaning 'out of' (Lyons 1968: 299; Pei and Gaynor 1954: 64; Crystal |
| * 1985: 106; Gove, et al. 1966: 730). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Elative) |
| */ |
| Elative, |
| /** |
| * Case that expresses likeness or identity to the referent of the noun it marks. It can have meaning, |
| * such as: 'as', 'like', or 'in the capacity of'. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1279) |
| */ |
| Equative, |
| /** |
| * In ergative-absolutive languages, the ergative case identifies the subject of a transitive verb. In |
| * such languages, the ergative case is typically marked (most salient), while the absolutive case is |
| * unmarked. (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#ergativeCase with reference to |
| * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergative_case). |
| */ |
| Ergative, |
| /** |
| * EssiveCase expresses that the referent of the noun it marks is the location at which another referent |
| * exists (Lyons 1968: 299,301; Gove, et al. 1966: 778; Crystal 1985: 112; Blake 1994: 154-5). |
| * (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Essive) |
| */ |
| Essive, |
| /** |
| * The Hungarian |
| * "formativus, or essivus-formalis `-ként' ... usually expresses a position, task and manner of the person or the thing." |
| * (Nose 2003), e.g., Hungarian 'katonaként' -> [serves] as a soldier. (Csaba Oravecz, email 2010/06/15)<br/> |
| * <br/> |
| * |
| * "Haspelmath & Buchholz (1998:321) explained the function of the essive case as ``role phrases''. Role phrases represent the role of the function in which a participant appears. They regard the role phrases as adverbial." |
| * (Nose 2003, p. 117)<br/> |
| * |
| * In the Hungarian language this case combines the Essive case and the Formal case, and it can express |
| * the position, task, state (e.g. "as a tourist"), or the manner (e.g. "like a hunted animal"). The |
| * status of the suffix -ként in the declension system is disputed for several reasons. First, in general, |
| * Hungarian case suffixes are absolute word-final, while -ként permits further suffixation by the |
| * locative suffix -i. Second, most Hungarian case endings participate in vowel harmony, while -ként does |
| * not. For these reasons, many modern analyses of the Hungarian case system, starting with László Antal's |
| * "A magyar esetrendszer" (1961) do not consider the essive/formal to be a case. |
| * (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essive-formal_case)<br/> |
| * |
| * cf. Masahiko Nose (2003), Adverbial Usage of the Hungarian Essive Case |
| */ |
| EssiveFormal, |
| /** |
| * case category of the Hungarian MULTEXT-East scheme, e.g., amilyenné/amilyen, azzá/az, erőddé/erő, |
| * jelmezeivé/jelmez, jelükké/jel, kevéssé/kevés, Kissé/Kiss, legjelentéktelenebbekké/jelentéktelen (hu) |
| * (http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#FactiveCase) |
| */ |
| Factive, |
| /** |
| * In Hungarian, `essive-formal' is in some descriptions simply called `formal', with the affix |
| * _-képp(en)_ and meaning (`in the form of ...', they probably meant when they came up with the term). In |
| * the Hungarian MULTEXT-East scheme, essive-formal and formal are distinguished. (Ivan A. Derzhanski, |
| * email 2010/06/15, http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#FormalCase) |
| */ |
| Formal, |
| /** |
| * Genitive case signals that the referent of the marked noun is the possessor of the referent of another |
| * noun, e.g. "the man's foot". In some languages, genitive case may express an associative relation |
| * between the marked noun and another noun. |
| * (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/glossaryoflinguisticterms/WhatIsGenitiveCase.htm 17.11.06) |
| */ |
| Genitive, |
| /** |
| * IllativeCase expresses that the referent of the noun it marks is the location into which another |
| * referent is moving. It has the meaning 'into' (Lyons 1968: 299; Gove, et al. 1966: 1126; Crystal 1985: |
| * 152). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Illative) |
| */ |
| Illative, |
| /** |
| * InablativeCase expresses that the referent of the noun it marks is the location from within which |
| * another referent is moving. It has the meaning 'from within'. |
| * (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Inablative) |
| */ |
| Inablative, |
| /** |
| * InallativeCase expresses that something is moving toward the region that is inside the referent of the |
| * noun it marks. It has the meaning 'towards in(side)'. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Inallative) |
| */ |
| Inallative, |
| /** |
| * InessiveCase expresses that the referent of the noun it marks is the location within which another |
| * referent exists. It has the meaning of 'within' or 'inside' (Lyons 1968: 299; Gove, et al. 1966: 1156; |
| * Crystal 1985: 156). X in Y. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Inessive) |
| */ |
| Inessive, |
| /** |
| * InstrumentalCase indicates that the referent of the noun it marks is the means of the accomplishment of |
| * the action expressed by the clause (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Instrumental) |
| */ |
| Instrumental, |
| /** |
| * InterablativeCase expresses that the referent of the noun it marks is the location from between which |
| * another referent is moving. It has the meaning 'from inbetween'. |
| * (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Interablative) |
| */ |
| Interablative, |
| /** |
| * InterallativeCase expresses that something is moving toward the region that is in the middle of the |
| * referent of the noun it marks. It has the meaning 'towards the middle of'. |
| * (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Interallative) |
| */ |
| Interallative, |
| /** |
| * InteressiveCase expresses that the referent of the noun it marks is the location between which another |
| * referent exists. It has the meaning of 'between'. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Interessive) |
| */ |
| Interessive, |
| /** |
| * InterlativeCase expresses that the referent of the noun it marks is the location between which another |
| * referent is moving. It has the meaning 'to the middle of'. |
| * (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Interlative) |
| */ |
| Interlative, |
| /** |
| * 'into in(side of)'. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Interminative) |
| */ |
| Interminative, |
| /** |
| * InterterminativeCase expresses the notion of something moving into the middle of the referent of the |
| * noun it marks, but not through it. It has the meaning 'into the middle of'. |
| * (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Interminative) |
| */ |
| Interterminative, |
| /** |
| * IntertranslativeCase expresses the notion of something moving along a trajectory between the referent |
| * of the noun it marks. It has the meaning 'along the in between. |
| * (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Intertranslative) |
| */ |
| Intertranslative, |
| /** |
| * IntranslativeCase expresses the notion of something moving through the referent of the noun it marks. |
| * It has the meaning 'along through'. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Intranslative) |
| */ |
| Intranslative, |
| /** |
| * LativeCase expresses 'motion up to the location of,' or 'as far as' the referent of the noun it marks |
| * (Pei and Gaynor 1954: 121; Gove, et al. 1966: 1277). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Lative) |
| */ |
| Lative, |
| /** |
| * Category of case that denotes that the referent of the noun it marks is a location. |
| * (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Locational) |
| */ |
| Locational, |
| /** |
| * Case that indicates a final location of action or a time of the action. |
| * (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1326) |
| */ |
| Locative, |
| /** |
| * Opposite of BenefactiveCase; used when the marked noun is negatively affected in the clause. |
| * (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Malefactive) |
| */ |
| Malefactive, |
| /** |
| * The multiplicative case is a grammatical case used for marking a number of something ("three times"). |
| * The case is found in the Hungarian language, for example nyolc (eight), nyolcszor (eight times). The |
| * case appears also in Finnish as an adverbial (adverb-forming) case. Used with a cardinal number it |
| * denotes the number of actions; for example, viisi (five) -> viidesti (five times). Used with adjectives |
| * it refers to the mean of the action, corresponding the English suffix -ly: kaunis (beautiful) -> |
| * kauniisti (beautifully). It is also used with a small number of nouns: leikki (play) -> leikisti (just |
| * kidding, not really). In addition, it acts as an intensifier when used with a swearword: piru -> |
| * pirusti. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiplicative_case) |
| */ |
| Multiplicative, |
| /** |
| * In nominative-accusative languages, nominative case marks clausal subjects and is applies to nouns in |
| * isolation. (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/glossaryoflinguisticterms/WhatIsNominativeCase.htm 17.11.06) |
| */ |
| Nominative("Nominative"), |
| /** |
| * Case that is used when a noun is the object of a verb or a proposition, except for nominative and |
| * vocative case. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1336) |
| */ |
| Oblique, |
| /** |
| * The partitive case is a grammatical case which denotes "partialness", "without result", or |
| * "without specific identity". |
| * (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#partitiveCase with reference to |
| * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partitive) |
| * |
| * PartitiveCase expresses the partial nature of the referent of the noun it marks, as opposed to |
| * expressing the whole unit or class of which the referent is a part. This case may be found in items |
| * such as the following: existential clauses, nouns that are accompanied by numerals or units of measure, |
| * or predications of material from which something is made. It often has a meaning similar to the English |
| * word 'some' (Pei and Gaynor 1954: 161; Richards, Platt, and Weber 1985: 208; Quirk, et al. 1985: 249; |
| * Gove, et al. 1966: 1648; Sebeok 1946: 1214). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Partitive) |
| */ |
| Partitive, |
| /** |
| * PerlativeCase expresses that something moved 'through','across', or 'along' the referent of the noun |
| * that is marked (Blake 1998: 38, 203). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Perlative) |
| */ |
| Perlative, |
| /** |
| * PossessedCase is used to mark the noun whose referent is possessed by the referent of another noun. |
| * (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Possessed) |
| */ |
| Possessed, |
| /** |
| * In many grammars, the term "prepositional case" is to refer to case marking that only occurs in |
| * combination with prepositions. Normally, this is an oblique case, e.g., the Russian 6th case, also |
| * referred to as "locative". (Ch. Chiarcos) |
| */ |
| Prepositional, |
| /** |
| * Case for a noun or a pronoun that expresses motion within a place or a period of time needed for an |
| * event. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1368) |
| */ |
| Prolative, |
| /** |
| * Proprietive case marks a possessional relation, i.e. 'having' something. |
| * (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#proprietiveCase-grammatical) |
| */ |
| Proprietive, |
| /** |
| * Purposive marks the goal of an activity, e.g., 'going out FOR (i.e. to catch) KANGAROOS'; 'call them |
| * FOR (i.e. to eat) FOOD'. The common purposive suffix -gu is a recurrent suffix on verbs ... The |
| * purposive case suffix is often used on a nominalised clause (and this may possibly be the origin of the |
| * verbal purposive). (Dixon 2002, p.134, on purposive case in [several] Australian languages) |
| * |
| * R.M.W. Dixon (2002), Australian Languages. CUP, Cambridge |
| */ |
| Purposive, |
| /** |
| * Case related to the person in whose company the action is carried out, or to any belongings of people |
| * which take part in the action. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1388) |
| */ |
| Sociative, |
| /** |
| * SubablativeCase expresses that the referent of the noun it marks is the location from under which |
| * another referent is moving. It has the meaning 'from under'. |
| * (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Subablative) |
| */ |
| Subablative, |
| /** |
| * SuballativeCase expresses that something is moving toward the region that is under the referent of the |
| * noun it marks. It has the meaning 'towards the region that is under'. |
| * (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Suballative) |
| */ |
| Suballative, |
| /** |
| * SubessiveCase expresses that the referent of the noun it marks is the location under which another |
| * referent exists. It has the meaning of 'under' or 'beneath'. |
| * (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Subessive) |
| */ |
| Subessive, |
| /** |
| * SublativeCase expresses that the referent of the noun it marks is the location under which another |
| * referent is moving toward. It has the meaning 'towards the underneath of'. |
| * (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Sublative) |
| */ |
| Sublative, |
| /** |
| * SubterminativeCase expresses the notion of something moving into the region under the referent of the |
| * noun it marks, but not through that region. It has the meaning 'into the region under'. |
| * (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Subterminative) |
| */ |
| Subterminative, |
| /** |
| * SubtranslativeCase expresses the notion of something moving along a trajectory underneath the referent |
| * of the noun it marks. It has the meaning 'along the region underneath'. Unfortunate name clash with |
| * 'Superlative' as a feature of adjectives. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Subtranslative) |
| */ |
| Subtranslative, |
| /** |
| * Superablative expresses that the referent of the noun it marks is the location from over which another |
| * referent is moving. It has the meaning 'from over'. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Superablative) |
| */ |
| Superablative, |
| /** |
| * SuperallativeCase expresses that something is moving toward the region that is above the referent of |
| * the noun it marks. It has the meaning 'towards the region that is over'. |
| * (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Superallative) |
| */ |
| Superallative, |
| /** |
| * SuperessiveCase expresses that the referent of the noun it marks is the location on which another |
| * referent exists. It has the meaning of 'on' or 'upon'. (Pei and Gaynor 1954: 207, Gove, et al. 1966: |
| * 2293). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Superessive) |
| */ |
| Superessive, |
| /** |
| * SuperlativeCase expresses that the referent of the noun it marks is the location onto which another |
| * referent is moving. It has the meaning of 'onto'. Unfortunate name clash with 'Superlative' as a |
| * property of adjectives. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Superlative) |
| */ |
| Superlative, |
| /** |
| * SuperterminativeCase expresses the notion of something moving into the region over the referent of the |
| * noun it marks, but not through that region. It has the meaning 'into the region over'. |
| * (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Superterminative) |
| */ |
| Superterminative, |
| /** |
| * SupertranslativeCase expresses the notion of something moving along a trajectory above the referent of |
| * the noun it marks. It has the meaning 'along the region over'. |
| * (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Supertranslative) |
| */ |
| Supertranslative, |
| /** |
| * The so-called Temporalis Case is formed in Hungarian with -kor. Expresses a point of time or a period. |
| * (http://member.melbpc.org.au/~tmajlath/form-suffix.html) |
| */ |
| Temporalis, |
| /** |
| * Case that indicates to what or where something ends. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1401) |
| * |
| * TerminativeCase expresses the notion of something into but not further than (ie, not through) the |
| * referent of the noun it marks. It has the meaning 'into but not through'. |
| * (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/TerminativeCase) |
| */ |
| Terminative, |
| /** |
| * TranslativeCase expresses that the referent of the noun, or the quality of the adjective, that it marks |
| * is the result of a process of change (Lyons 1968: 299301, Gove, et al. 1966: 813,2429, Sebeok 1946: 17, |
| * Hakulinen 1961: 70). X along, across Y. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Translative) |
| */ |
| Translative, |
| /** |
| * In many inflecting languages, there occur lexemes whose form does not change throughout the paradigm, e.g., |
| * Russian papa "dad". For such forms, the category uninflected may be assigned. However, Uninflected is not to be confused with BaseForm |
| * that applies to forms in a paradigm where overt marking exists. Uninflected is a characteristic of lexemes, not individual tokens. |
| */ |
| Uninflected, |
| /** |
| * Vocative case marks a noun whose referent is being addressed. |
| * (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/glossaryoflinguisticterms/WhatIsVocativeCase.htm 17.11.06) |
| */ |
| Vocative, |
| |
| ; |
| static final String OLIA_NAMESPACE = "http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#"; |
| UriRef uri; |
| |
| Case() { |
| this(null); |
| } |
| |
| Case(String name) { |
| uri = new UriRef(OLIA_NAMESPACE + (name == null ? name() : (name + "Case"))); |
| } |
| |
| public UriRef getUri() { |
| return uri; |
| } |
| |
| @Override |
| public String toString() { |
| return uri.getUnicodeString(); |
| } |
| } |
