layout: global title: HAVING Clause displayTitle: HAVING Clause license: | Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the “License”); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
The HAVING
clause is used to filter the results produced by GROUP BY
based on the specified condition. It is often used in conjunction with a GROUP BY clause.
HAVING boolean_expression
boolean_expression
Specifies any expression that evaluates to a result type boolean
. Two or more expressions may be combined together using the logical operators ( AND
, OR
).
Note
The expressions specified in the HAVING
clause can only refer to:
CREATE TABLE dealer (id INT, city STRING, car_model STRING, quantity INT); INSERT INTO dealer VALUES (100, 'Fremont', 'Honda Civic', 10), (100, 'Fremont', 'Honda Accord', 15), (100, 'Fremont', 'Honda CRV', 7), (200, 'Dublin', 'Honda Civic', 20), (200, 'Dublin', 'Honda Accord', 10), (200, 'Dublin', 'Honda CRV', 3), (300, 'San Jose', 'Honda Civic', 5), (300, 'San Jose', 'Honda Accord', 8); -- `HAVING` clause referring to column in `GROUP BY`. SELECT city, sum(quantity) AS sum FROM dealer GROUP BY city HAVING city = 'Fremont'; +-------+---+ | city|sum| +-------+---+ |Fremont| 32| +-------+---+ -- `HAVING` clause referring to aggregate function. SELECT city, sum(quantity) AS sum FROM dealer GROUP BY city HAVING sum(quantity) > 15; +-------+---+ | city|sum| +-------+---+ | Dublin| 33| |Fremont| 32| +-------+---+ -- `HAVING` clause referring to aggregate function by its alias. SELECT city, sum(quantity) AS sum FROM dealer GROUP BY city HAVING sum > 15; +-------+---+ | city|sum| +-------+---+ | Dublin| 33| |Fremont| 32| +-------+---+ -- `HAVING` clause referring to a different aggregate function than what is present in -- `SELECT` list. SELECT city, sum(quantity) AS sum FROM dealer GROUP BY city HAVING max(quantity) > 15; +------+---+ | city|sum| +------+---+ |Dublin| 33| +------+---+ -- `HAVING` clause referring to constant expression. SELECT city, sum(quantity) AS sum FROM dealer GROUP BY city HAVING 1 > 0 ORDER BY city; +--------+---+ | city|sum| +--------+---+ | Dublin| 33| | Fremont| 32| |San Jose| 13| +--------+---+ -- `HAVING` clause without a `GROUP BY` clause. SELECT sum(quantity) AS sum FROM dealer HAVING sum(quantity) > 10; +---+ |sum| +---+ | 78| +---+