[SPARK-53592][PYTHON] Make `@udf` support vectorized UDF

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### What changes were proposed in this pull request?
Make udf support vectorized UDF

### Why are the changes needed?
to prompt vectorized UDF

### Does this PR introduce _any_ user-facing change?
`udf` will try to infer the eval type based on the type hints

For example,
```python
        udf(returnType=LongType())
        def pd_add1(ser: pd.Series) -> pd.Series:
            assert isinstance(ser, pd.Series)
            return ser + 1
```
The inferred type is `PythonEvalType.SQL_SCALAR_PANDAS_UDF`

### How was this patch tested?
added UTs

### Was this patch authored or co-authored using generative AI tooling?
no

Closes #52323 from zhengruifeng/unify_udf.

Authored-by: Ruifeng Zheng <ruifengz@apache.org>
Signed-off-by: Ruifeng Zheng <ruifengz@apache.org>
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  7. common/
  8. conf/
  9. connector/
  10. core/
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  13. docs/
  14. examples/
  15. graphx/
  16. hadoop-cloud/
  17. launcher/
  18. licenses/
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  20. mllib/
  21. mllib-local/
  22. project/
  23. python/
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  26. resource-managers/
  27. sbin/
  28. sql/
  29. streaming/
  30. tools/
  31. ui-test/
  32. .asf.yaml
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  36. CONTRIBUTING.md
  37. LICENSE
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  39. NOTICE
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  41. pom.xml
  42. README.md
  43. scalastyle-config.xml
README.md

Apache Spark

Spark is a unified analytics engine for large-scale data processing. It provides high-level APIs in Scala, Java, Python, and R (Deprecated), and an optimized engine that supports general computation graphs for data analysis. It also supports a rich set of higher-level tools including Spark SQL for SQL and DataFrames, pandas API on Spark for pandas workloads, MLlib for machine learning, GraphX for graph processing, and Structured Streaming for stream processing.

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Building Spark

Spark is built using Apache Maven. To build Spark and its example programs, run:

./build/mvn -DskipTests clean package

(You do not need to do this if you downloaded a pre-built package.)

More detailed documentation is available from the project site, at “Building Spark”.

For general development tips, including info on developing Spark using an IDE, see “Useful Developer Tools”.

Interactive Scala Shell

The easiest way to start using Spark is through the Scala shell:

./bin/spark-shell

Try the following command, which should return 1,000,000,000:

scala> spark.range(1000 * 1000 * 1000).count()

Interactive Python Shell

Alternatively, if you prefer Python, you can use the Python shell:

./bin/pyspark

And run the following command, which should also return 1,000,000,000:

>>> spark.range(1000 * 1000 * 1000).count()

Example Programs

Spark also comes with several sample programs in the examples directory. To run one of them, use ./bin/run-example <class> [params]. For example:

./bin/run-example SparkPi

will run the Pi example locally.

You can set the MASTER environment variable when running examples to submit examples to a cluster. This can be spark:// URL, “yarn” to run on YARN, and “local” to run locally with one thread, or “local[N]” to run locally with N threads. You can also use an abbreviated class name if the class is in the examples package. For instance:

MASTER=spark://host:7077 ./bin/run-example SparkPi

Many of the example programs print usage help if no params are given.

Running Tests

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Please see the guidance on how to run tests for a module, or individual tests.

There is also a Kubernetes integration test, see resource-managers/kubernetes/integration-tests/README.md

A Note About Hadoop Versions

Spark uses the Hadoop core library to talk to HDFS and other Hadoop-supported storage systems. Because the protocols have changed in different versions of Hadoop, you must build Spark against the same version that your cluster runs.

Please refer to the build documentation at “Specifying the Hadoop Version and Enabling YARN” for detailed guidance on building for a particular distribution of Hadoop, including building for particular Hive and Hive Thriftserver distributions.

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Contributing

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