layout: global title: Clustering - MLlib displayTitle: MLlib - Clustering

  • Table of contents {:toc}

Clustering

Clustering is an unsupervised learning problem whereby we aim to group subsets of entities with one another based on some notion of similarity. Clustering is often used for exploratory analysis and/or as a component of a hierarchical supervised learning pipeline (in which distinct classifiers or regression models are trained for each cluster).

MLlib supports k-means clustering, one of the most commonly used clustering algorithms that clusters the data points into predefined number of clusters. The MLlib implementation includes a parallelized variant of the k-means++ method called kmeans||. The implementation in MLlib has the following parameters:

  • k is the number of desired clusters.
  • maxIterations is the maximum number of iterations to run.
  • initializationMode specifies either random initialization or initialization via k-means||.
  • runs is the number of times to run the k-means algorithm (k-means is not guaranteed to find a globally optimal solution, and when run multiple times on a given dataset, the algorithm returns the best clustering result).
  • initializationSteps determines the number of steps in the k-means|| algorithm.
  • epsilon determines the distance threshold within which we consider k-means to have converged.

Examples

In the following example after loading and parsing data, we use the KMeans object to cluster the data into two clusters. The number of desired clusters is passed to the algorithm. We then compute Within Set Sum of Squared Error (WSSSE). You can reduce this error measure by increasing k. In fact the optimal k is usually one where there is an “elbow” in the WSSSE graph.

{% highlight scala %} import org.apache.spark.mllib.clustering.KMeans import org.apache.spark.mllib.linalg.Vectors

// Load and parse the data val data = sc.textFile(“data/kmeans_data.txt”) val parsedData = data.map(s => Vectors.dense(s.split(' ').map(_.toDouble)))

// Cluster the data into two classes using KMeans val numClusters = 2 val numIterations = 20 val clusters = KMeans.train(parsedData, numClusters, numIterations)

// Evaluate clustering by computing Within Set Sum of Squared Errors val WSSSE = clusters.computeCost(parsedData) println("Within Set Sum of Squared Errors = " + WSSSE) {% endhighlight %}

In the following example after loading and parsing data, we use the KMeans object to cluster the data into two clusters. The number of desired clusters is passed to the algorithm. We then compute Within Set Sum of Squared Error (WSSSE). You can reduce this error measure by increasing k. In fact the optimal k is usually one where there is an “elbow” in the WSSSE graph.

{% highlight python %} from pyspark.mllib.clustering import KMeans from numpy import array from math import sqrt

Load and parse the data

data = sc.textFile(“data/kmeans_data.txt”) parsedData = data.map(lambda line: array([float(x) for x in line.split(' ')]))

Build the model (cluster the data)

clusters = KMeans.train(parsedData, 2, maxIterations=10, runs=10, initializationMode=“random”)

Evaluate clustering by computing Within Set Sum of Squared Errors

def error(point): center = clusters.centers[clusters.predict(point)] return sqrt(sum([x**2 for x in (point - center)]))

WSSSE = parsedData.map(lambda point: error(point)).reduce(lambda x, y: x + y) print("Within Set Sum of Squared Error = " + str(WSSSE)) {% endhighlight %}