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layout: global title: SQL Syntax displayTitle: SQL Syntax license: | Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the “License”); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at

 http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

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Spark SQL is Apache Spark's module for working with structured data. The SQL Syntax section describes the SQL syntax in detail along with usage examples when applicable. This document provides a list of Data Definition and Data Manipulation Statements, as well as Data Retrieval and Auxiliary Statements.

DDL Statements

• ALTER DATABASE
• ALTER TABLE
• ALTER VIEW
• CREATE DATABASE
• CREATE FUNCTION
• CREATE TABLE
• CREATE VIEW
• DROP DATABASE
• DROP FUNCTION
• DROP TABLE
• DROP VIEW
• REPAIR TABLE
• TRUNCATE TABLE
• USE DATABASE

DML Statements

• INSERT INTO
• INSERT OVERWRITE
• INSERT OVERWRITE DIRECTORY
• INSERT OVERWRITE DIRECTORY with Hive format
• LOAD

Data Retrieval Statements

• SELECT Statement
  • Common Table Expression
  • CLUSTER BY Clause
  • DISTRIBUTE BY Clause
  • GROUP BY Clause
  • HAVING Clause
  • Hints
  • Inline Table
  • File
  • JOIN
  • LIKE Predicate
  • LIMIT Clause
  • ORDER BY Clause
  • Set Operators
  • SORT BY Clause
  • TABLESAMPLE
  • Table-valued Function
  • WHERE Clause
  • Window Function
  • CASE Clause
  • PIVOT Clause
  • LATERAL VIEW Clause
  • TRANSFORM Clause
• EXPLAIN

Auxiliary Statements

• ADD FILE
• ADD JAR
• ANALYZE TABLE
• ANALYZE TABLES
• CACHE TABLE
• CLEAR CACHE
• DESCRIBE DATABASE
• DESCRIBE FUNCTION
• DESCRIBE QUERY
• DESCRIBE TABLE
• LIST FILE
• LIST JAR
• REFRESH
• REFRESH TABLE
• REFRESH FUNCTION
• RESET
• SET
• SHOW COLUMNS
• SHOW CREATE TABLE
• SHOW DATABASES
• SHOW FUNCTIONS
• SHOW PARTITIONS
• SHOW TABLE EXTENDED
• SHOW TABLES
• SHOW TBLPROPERTIES
• SHOW VIEWS
• UNCACHE TABLE