sql/index.md

---
layout: global
type: "page"
title: Spark SQL & DataFrames
description: Spark SQL is Spark's module for working with structured data, either within Spark programs or through standard JDBC and ODBC connectors.
subproject: SQL
---


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  <b>Spark SQL</b> is Apache Spark's module for working with structured data.
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    <h2>Integrated</h2>
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	  Seamlessly mix SQL queries with Spark programs.
    </p>
    <p>
	  Spark SQL lets you query structured data inside Spark programs, using either SQL or a familiar <a href="/docs/latest/sql-programming-guide.html">DataFrame API</a>. Usable in Java, Scala, Python and R.
    </p>
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      <div class="code">
		results = spark.<span class="sparkop">sql</span>(<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="closure">"SELECT * FROM people"</span>)<br/>
		names = results.<span class="sparkop">map</span>(<span class="closure">lambda p: p.name</span>)<br/>
	  </div>
      <div class="caption">Apply functions to results of SQL queries.</div>
    </div>
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    <h2>Uniform data access</h2>
    <p class="lead">
      Connect to any data source the same way.
    </p>
    <p>
      DataFrames and SQL provide a common way to access a variety of data sources, including Hive, Avro, Parquet, ORC, JSON, and JDBC. You can even join data across these sources.
    </p>
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      <div class="code">
		spark.<span class="sparkop">read.json</span>(<span class="closure">"s3n://..."</span>)<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;.registerTempTable("json")<br/>
		results = spark.<span class="sparkop">sql</span>(<span class="closure"><br/>
			&nbsp;&nbsp;"""SELECT * <br/>
			&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;FROM people<br/>
			&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;JOIN json ..."""</span>)<br/>
	  </div>
      <div class="caption">Query and join different data sources.</div>
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    <h2>Hive integration</h2>
    <p class="lead">
      Run SQL or HiveQL queries on existing warehouses.
    </p>
    <p>
      Spark SQL supports the HiveQL syntax as well as Hive SerDes and UDFs, allowing
      you to access existing Hive warehouses.
    </p>
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      <img src="{{site.baseurl}}/images/sql-hive-arch.png" style="width: 100%; max-width: 323px;">
      <div class="caption">Spark SQL can use existing Hive metastores, SerDes, and UDFs.</div>
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    <h2>Standard connectivity</h2>
    <p class="lead">
      Connect through JDBC or ODBC.
    </p>
    <p>
      A server mode provides industry standard JDBC and ODBC connectivity for business intelligence tools.
    </p>
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    <div style="width: 100%; max-width: 323px; display: inline-block">
      <img src="{{site.baseurl}}/images/jdbc.png" style="width: 75%; max-width: 323px;">
      <div class="caption">Use your existing BI tools to query big data.</div>
    </div>
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    <h2>Speed</h2>
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      Optimized to execute on Spark.
    </p>
    <p>
      Spark SQL was built using the Catalyst optimizer, which automatically rewrites your queries to execute more efficiently.
  	  By leveraging advanced techniques like runtime code generation, Spark SQL makes it easier to write lightning-fast analytic applications.
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      <img src="{{site.baseurl}}/images/sqlperf.png" style="width: 100%; max-width: 250px;">
      <div class="caption" style="min-width: 272px;">Performance comparison between Shark and Spark SQL</div>
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    <h3>Performance &amp; scalability</h3>
    <p>
      Spark SQL includes a cost-based optimizer, columnar storage and code generation to make queries fast.
      At the same time, it scales to thousands of nodes and multi hour queries using the Spark engine, which provides full mid-query fault tolerance.
      Don't worry about using a different engine for historical data.
    </p>
  </div>

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    <h3>Community</h3>
    <p>
      Spark SQL is developed as part of Apache Spark. It thus gets
      tested and updated with each Spark release.
    </p>
    <p>
      If you have questions about the system, ask on the
      <a href="{{site.baseurl}}/community.html#mailing-lists">Spark mailing lists</a>.
    </p>
    <p>
      The Spark SQL developers welcome contributions. If you'd like to help out,
      read <a href="{{site.baseurl}}/contributing.html">how to
      contribute to Spark</a>, and send us a patch!
    </p>
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    <h3>Getting started</h3>
    <p>
      To get started with Spark SQL:
    </p>
    <ul class="list-narrow">
      <li><a href="{{site.baseurl}}/downloads.html">Download Spark</a>. It includes Spark SQL as a module.</li>
      <li>Read the <a href="{{site.baseurl}}/docs/latest/sql-programming-guide.html">Spark SQL and DataFrame guide</a> to learn the API.</li>
    </ul>
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    <a href="{{site.baseurl}}/downloads.html" class="btn btn-cta btn-lg btn-multiline">
      Download Apache Spark<br/><span class="small">Includes Spark SQL</span>
    </a>
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