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| <h1 class="title">CREATE VIEW</h1> |
| |
| |
| <h3 id="description">Description</h3> |
| |
| <p>Views are based on the result-set of an <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">SQL</code> query. <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">CREATE VIEW</code> constructs |
| a virtual table that has no physical data therefore other operations like |
| <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">ALTER VIEW</code> and <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">DROP VIEW</code> only change metadata.</p> |
| |
| <h3 id="syntax">Syntax</h3> |
| |
| <div class="language-sql highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="k">CREATE</span> <span class="p">[</span> <span class="k">OR</span> <span class="k">REPLACE</span> <span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span> <span class="p">[</span> <span class="k">GLOBAL</span> <span class="p">]</span> <span class="k">TEMPORARY</span> <span class="p">]</span> <span class="k">VIEW</span> <span class="p">[</span> <span class="n">IF</span> <span class="k">NOT</span> <span class="k">EXISTS</span> <span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">view_identifier</span> |
| <span class="n">create_view_clauses</span> <span class="k">AS</span> <span class="n">query</span> |
| </code></pre></div></div> |
| |
| <h3 id="parameters">Parameters</h3> |
| |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p><strong>OR REPLACE</strong></p> |
| |
| <p>If a view of same name already exists, it will be replaced.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><strong>[ GLOBAL ] TEMPORARY</strong></p> |
| |
| <p>TEMPORARY views are session-scoped and will be dropped when session ends |
| because it skips persisting the definition in the underlying metastore, if any. |
| GLOBAL TEMPORARY views are tied to a system preserved temporary database <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">global_temp</code>.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><strong>IF NOT EXISTS</strong></p> |
| |
| <p>Creates a view if it does not exist.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><strong>view_identifier</strong></p> |
| |
| <p>Specifies a view name, which may be optionally qualified with a database name.</p> |
| |
| <p><strong>Syntax:</strong> <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">[ database_name. ] view_name</code></p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><strong>create_view_clauses</strong></p> |
| |
| <p>These clauses are optional and order insensitive. It can be of following formats.</p> |
| |
| <ul> |
| <li><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">[ ( column_name [ COMMENT column_comment ], ... ) ]</code> to specify column-level comments.</li> |
| <li><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">[ COMMENT view_comment ]</code> to specify view-level comments.</li> |
| <li><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">[ TBLPROPERTIES ( property_name = property_value [ , ... ] ) ]</code> to add metadata key-value pairs.</li> |
| <li> |
| <p><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">[ WITH SCHEMA { BINDING | COMPENSATION | [ TYPE ] EVOLUTION } ]</code> to specify how the view reacts to schema changes</p> |
| |
| <p>This clause is not supported for <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">TEMPORARY</code> views.</p> |
| |
| <ul> |
| <li><strong>BINDING</strong> - The view can tolerate only type changes in the underlying schema requiring safe up-casts.</li> |
| <li><strong>COMPENSATION</strong> - The view can tolerate type changes in the underlying schema requiring casts. Runtime casting errors may occur.</li> |
| <li><strong>TYPE EVOLUTION</strong> - The view will adapt to any type changes in the underlying schema.</li> |
| <li><strong>EVOLUTION</strong> - For views defined without a column lists any schema changes are adapted by the view, including, for queries with <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">SELECT *</code> dropped or added columns. |
| If the view is defined with a column list, the clause is interpreted as <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">TYPE EVOLUTION</code>.</li> |
| </ul> |
| |
| <p>The default is <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">WITH SCHEMA COMPENSATION</code>.</p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><strong>query</strong> |
| A <a href="sql-ref-syntax-qry-select.html">SELECT</a> statement that constructs the view from base tables or other views.</p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| |
| <h3 id="examples">Examples</h3> |
| |
| <div class="language-sql highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c1">-- Create or replace view for `experienced_employee` with comments.</span> |
| <span class="k">CREATE</span> <span class="k">OR</span> <span class="k">REPLACE</span> <span class="k">VIEW</span> <span class="n">experienced_employee</span> |
| <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ID</span> <span class="k">COMMENT</span> <span class="s1">'Unique identification number'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Name</span><span class="p">)</span> |
| <span class="k">COMMENT</span> <span class="s1">'View for experienced employees'</span> |
| <span class="k">AS</span> <span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="n">id</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span> <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">all_employee</span> |
| <span class="k">WHERE</span> <span class="n">working_years</span> <span class="o">></span> <span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">;</span> |
| |
| <span class="c1">-- Create a global temporary view `subscribed_movies` if it does not exist.</span> |
| <span class="k">CREATE</span> <span class="k">GLOBAL</span> <span class="k">TEMPORARY</span> <span class="k">VIEW</span> <span class="n">IF</span> <span class="k">NOT</span> <span class="k">EXISTS</span> <span class="n">subscribed_movies</span> |
| <span class="k">AS</span> <span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="n">mo</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">member_id</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">mb</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">full_name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">mo</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">movie_title</span> |
| <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">movies</span> <span class="k">AS</span> <span class="n">mo</span> <span class="k">INNER</span> <span class="k">JOIN</span> <span class="n">members</span> <span class="k">AS</span> <span class="n">mb</span> |
| <span class="k">ON</span> <span class="n">mo</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">member_id</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">mb</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">id</span><span class="p">;</span> |
| |
| <span class="c1">-- Create a view filtering the `orders` table which will adjust to schema changes in `orders`.</span> |
| <span class="k">CREATE</span> <span class="k">OR</span> <span class="k">REPLACE</span> <span class="k">VIEW</span> <span class="n">open_orders</span> <span class="k">WITH</span> <span class="k">SCHEMA</span> <span class="n">EVOLUTION</span> |
| <span class="k">AS</span> <span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">orders</span> <span class="k">WHERE</span> <span class="n">status</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'open'</span><span class="p">;</span> |
| </code></pre></div></div> |
| |
| <h3 id="related-statements">Related Statements</h3> |
| |
| <ul> |
| <li><a href="sql-ref-syntax-ddl-alter-view.html">ALTER VIEW</a></li> |
| <li><a href="sql-ref-syntax-ddl-drop-view.html">DROP VIEW</a></li> |
| <li><a href="sql-ref-syntax-aux-show-views.html">SHOW VIEWS</a></li> |
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