[#73] Replace usage of map[string]Convertible in withColumns with a sequential alternative

### What changes were proposed in this pull request?
The Golang map type is not meant to provide an insertion order stable iteration. This means when a user calls:

```golang
df, err = df.WithColumns(ctx, map[string]column.Convertible{
		"newCol1": functions.Lit(1),
		"newCol2": functions.Lit(2),
	})
```

There is no guarantee about the order of the columns added. However, in PySpark, this is not the case, and the order is preserved. For that reason, we need to use a different way of adding multiple columns that preserve the order. 

This patch changes the interface of the `withColumns` function so that the argument is a new type called `column.Alias` that implements the `column.Convertible` interface. This allows for the following method signature.

```golang
WithColumns(ctx context.Context, alias ...column.Alias) (DataFrame, error)
```

In Spark code, the function can be used as follows:

```golang
df, err = df.WithColumns(
    ctx, column.WithAlias("newCol1", functions.Lit(1)),
    column.WithAlias("newCol2", functions.Lit(2)))
```

Which provides a similarly convenient way of creating a sequence of new columns for the function.

### Why are the changes needed?
Correctness

### Does this PR introduce _any_ user-facing change?
Changes the signature of the `withColumn` function.

### How was this patch tested?
Added UT and fixed integration test.
4 files changed
tree: b274e252a62567c82f967de27bdea62810ec3e1a
  1. .github/
  2. cmd/
  3. dev/
  4. internal/
  5. spark/
  6. .asf.yaml
  7. .gitignore
  8. .gitmodules
  9. .golangci.yml
  10. buf.gen.yaml
  11. buf.work.yaml
  12. CONTRIBUTING.md
  13. go.mod
  14. go.sum
  15. LICENSE
  16. Makefile
  17. merge_connect_go_pr.py
  18. quick-start.md
  19. README.md
README.md

Apache Spark Connect Client for Golang

This project houses the experimental client for Spark Connect for Apache Spark written in Golang.

Current State of the Project

Currently, the Spark Connect client for Golang is highly experimental and should not be used in any production setting. In addition, the PMC of the Apache Spark project reserves the right to withdraw and abandon the development of this project if it is not sustainable.

Getting started

This section explains how to run Spark Connect Go locally.

Step 1: Install Golang: https://go.dev/doc/install.

Step 2: Ensure you have installed buf CLI installed, more info here

Step 3: Run the following commands to setup the Spark Connect client.

git clone https://github.com/apache/spark-connect-go.git
git submodule update --init --recursive

make gen && make test

Step 4: Setup the Spark Driver on localhost.

  1. Download Spark distribution (3.5.0+), unzip the package.

  2. Start the Spark Connect server with the following command (make sure to use a package version that matches your Spark distribution):

sbin/start-connect-server.sh --packages org.apache.spark:spark-connect_2.12:3.5.2

Step 5: Run the example Go application.

go run cmd/spark-connect-example-spark-session/main.go

How to write Spark Connect Go Application in your own project

See Quick Start Guide

High Level Design

The overall goal of the design is to find a good balance of principle of the least surprise for develoeprs that are familiar with the APIs of Apache Spark and idiomatic Go usage. The high-level structure of the packages follows roughly the PySpark giudance but with Go idioms.

Contributing

Please review the Contribution to Spark guide for information on how to get started contributing to the project.