/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package org.apache.sis.referencing.cs;

import java.util.Map;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlType;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlRootElement;
import org.opengis.referencing.cs.CartesianCS;
import org.opengis.referencing.cs.AxisDirection;
import org.opengis.referencing.cs.CoordinateSystemAxis;
import org.apache.sis.internal.referencing.Resources;
import org.apache.sis.measure.Angle;


/**
 * A 2- or 3-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system made of straight orthogonal axes.
 * All axes shall have the same linear unit of measure.
 *
 * <table class="sis">
 * <caption>Permitted associations</caption>
 * <tr>
 *   <th>Used with CRS</th>
 *   <th>Permitted axis names</th>
 * </tr><tr>
 *   <td>{@linkplain org.apache.sis.referencing.crs.DefaultGeocentricCRS Geocentric}</td>
 *   <td>“Geocentric X”, “Geocentric Y”, “Geocentric Z”</td>
 * </tr><tr>
 *   <td>{@linkplain org.apache.sis.referencing.crs.DefaultProjectedCRS Projected}</td>
 *   <td>“Easting” or “Westing”, “Northing” or “Southing”</td>
 * </tr><tr>
 *   <td>{@linkplain org.apache.sis.referencing.crs.DefaultEngineeringCRS Engineering}</td>
 *   <td>unspecified</td>
 * </tr><tr>
 *   <td>{@linkplain org.apache.sis.referencing.crs.DefaultImageCRS Image}</td>
 *   <td>unspecified</td>
 * </tr></table>
 *
 * <div class="section">Immutability and thread safety</div>
 * This class is immutable and thus thread-safe if the property <em>values</em> (not necessarily the map itself)
 * and the {@link CoordinateSystemAxis} instances given to the constructor are also immutable. Unless otherwise
 * noted in the javadoc, this condition holds if all components were created using only SIS factories and static
 * constants.
 *
 * @author  Martin Desruisseaux (IRD, Geomatys)
 * @version 0.4
 *
 * @see org.apache.sis.referencing.factory.GeodeticAuthorityFactory#createCartesianCS(String)
 *
 * @since 0.4
 * @module
 */
@XmlType(name = "CartesianCSType")
@XmlRootElement(name = "CartesianCS")
public class DefaultCartesianCS extends DefaultAffineCS implements CartesianCS {
    /**
     * Serial number for inter-operability with different versions.
     */
    private static final long serialVersionUID = -6182037957705712945L;

    /**
     * Creates a new coordinate system from an arbitrary number of axes. This constructor is for
     * implementations of the {@link #createForAxes(Map, CoordinateSystemAxis[])} method only,
     * because it does not verify the number of axes.
     */
    private DefaultCartesianCS(final Map<String,?> properties, final CoordinateSystemAxis[] axes) {
        super(properties, axes);
    }

    /**
     * Constructs a two-dimensional coordinate system from a set of properties.
     * The properties map is given unchanged to the
     * {@linkplain AbstractCS#AbstractCS(Map,CoordinateSystemAxis[]) super-class constructor}.
     * The following table is a reminder of main (not all) properties:
     *
     * <table class="sis">
     *   <caption>Recognized properties (non exhaustive list)</caption>
     *   <tr>
     *     <th>Property name</th>
     *     <th>Value type</th>
     *     <th>Returned by</th>
     *   </tr>
     *   <tr>
     *     <td>{@value org.opengis.referencing.IdentifiedObject#NAME_KEY}</td>
     *     <td>{@link org.opengis.referencing.ReferenceIdentifier} or {@link String}</td>
     *     <td>{@link #getName()}</td>
     *   </tr>
     *   <tr>
     *     <td>{@value org.opengis.referencing.IdentifiedObject#ALIAS_KEY}</td>
     *     <td>{@link org.opengis.util.GenericName} or {@link CharSequence} (optionally as array)</td>
     *     <td>{@link #getAlias()}</td>
     *   </tr>
     *   <tr>
     *     <td>{@value org.opengis.referencing.IdentifiedObject#IDENTIFIERS_KEY}</td>
     *     <td>{@link org.opengis.referencing.ReferenceIdentifier} (optionally as array)</td>
     *     <td>{@link #getIdentifiers()}</td>
     *   </tr>
     *   <tr>
     *     <td>{@value org.opengis.referencing.IdentifiedObject#REMARKS_KEY}</td>
     *     <td>{@link org.opengis.util.InternationalString} or {@link String}</td>
     *     <td>{@link #getRemarks()}</td>
     *   </tr>
     * </table>
     *
     * @param  properties  the properties to be given to the identified object.
     * @param  axis0       the first  axis (e.g. “Easting”).
     * @param  axis1       the second axis (e.g. “Northing”).
     *
     * @see org.apache.sis.referencing.factory.GeodeticObjectFactory#createCartesianCS(Map, CoordinateSystemAxis, CoordinateSystemAxis)
     */
    public DefaultCartesianCS(final Map<String,?>   properties,
                              final CoordinateSystemAxis axis0,
                              final CoordinateSystemAxis axis1)
    {
        super(properties, axis0, axis1);
        ensurePerpendicularAxis(properties);
    }

    /**
     * Constructs a three-dimensional coordinate system from a set of properties.
     * The properties map is given unchanged to the
     * {@linkplain AbstractCS#AbstractCS(Map,CoordinateSystemAxis[]) super-class constructor}.
     *
     * @param  properties  the properties to be given to the identified object.
     * @param  axis0       the first  axis (e.g. “Geocentric X”).
     * @param  axis1       the second axis (e.g. “Geocentric Y”).
     * @param  axis2       the third  axis (e.g. “Geocentric Z”).
     *
     * @see org.apache.sis.referencing.factory.GeodeticObjectFactory#createCartesianCS(Map, CoordinateSystemAxis, CoordinateSystemAxis, CoordinateSystemAxis)
     */
    public DefaultCartesianCS(final Map<String,?>   properties,
                              final CoordinateSystemAxis axis0,
                              final CoordinateSystemAxis axis1,
                              final CoordinateSystemAxis axis2)
    {
        super(properties, axis0, axis1, axis2);
        ensurePerpendicularAxis(properties);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new coordinate system with the same values than the specified one.
     * This copy constructor provides a way to convert an arbitrary implementation into a SIS one
     * or a user-defined one (as a subclass), usually in order to leverage some implementation-specific API.
     *
     * <p>This constructor performs a shallow copy, i.e. the properties are not cloned.</p>
     *
     * @param  cs  the coordinate system to copy.
     *
     * @see #castOrCopy(CartesianCS)
     */
    protected DefaultCartesianCS(final CartesianCS cs) {
        super(cs);
        ensurePerpendicularAxis(null);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a SIS coordinate system implementation with the same values than the given arbitrary implementation.
     * If the given object is {@code null}, then this method returns {@code null}.
     * Otherwise if the given object is already a SIS implementation, then the given object is returned unchanged.
     * Otherwise a new SIS implementation is created and initialized to the attribute values of the given object.
     *
     * @param  object  the object to get as a SIS implementation, or {@code null} if none.
     * @return a SIS implementation containing the values of the given object (may be the
     *         given object itself), or {@code null} if the argument was null.
     */
    public static DefaultCartesianCS castOrCopy(final CartesianCS object) {
        return (object == null) || (object instanceof DefaultCartesianCS)
                ? (DefaultCartesianCS) object : new DefaultCartesianCS(object);
    }

    /**
     * Ensures that all axes are perpendicular.
     */
    private void ensurePerpendicularAxis(final Map<String,?> properties) throws IllegalArgumentException {
        final int dimension = getDimension();
        for (int i=0; i<dimension; i++) {
            final AxisDirection axis0 = getAxis(i).getDirection();
            for (int j=i; ++j<dimension;) {
                final AxisDirection axis1 = getAxis(j).getDirection();
                final Angle angle = CoordinateSystems.angle(axis0, axis1);
                /*
                 * The angle may be null for grid directions (COLUMN_POSITIVE, COLUMN_NEGATIVE,
                 * ROW_POSITIVE, ROW_NEGATIVE). We conservatively accept those directions even if
                 * they are not really for Cartesian CS because we do not know the grid geometry.
                 */
                if (angle != null && Math.abs(angle.degrees()) != 90) {
                    throw new IllegalArgumentException(Resources.forProperties(properties).getString(
                            Resources.Keys.NonPerpendicularDirections_2, axis0, axis1));
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns the GeoAPI interface implemented by this class.
     * The SIS implementation returns {@code CartesianCS.class}.
     *
     * <div class="note"><b>Note for implementers:</b>
     * Subclasses usually do not need to override this method since GeoAPI does not define {@code CartesianCS}
     * sub-interface. Overriding possibility is left mostly for implementers who wish to extend GeoAPI with their
     * own set of interfaces.</div>
     *
     * @return {@code CartesianCS.class} or a user-defined sub-interface.
     */
    @Override
    public Class<? extends CartesianCS> getInterface() {
        return CartesianCS.class;
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     *
     * @return {@inheritDoc}
     */
    @Override
    public DefaultCartesianCS forConvention(final AxesConvention convention) {
        return (DefaultCartesianCS) super.forConvention(convention);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a coordinate system with different axes.
     */
    @Override
    final AbstractCS createForAxes(final Map<String,?> properties, final CoordinateSystemAxis[] axes) {
        switch (axes.length) {
            case 1: return new DefaultVerticalCS(properties, axes);
            case 2: // Fall through
            case 3: return new DefaultCartesianCS(properties, axes);
            default: throw unexpectedDimension(properties, axes, 2);
        }
    }


    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    ////////                                                                                  ////////
    ////////                               XML support with JAXB                              ////////
    ////////                                                                                  ////////
    ////////        The following methods are invoked by JAXB using reflection (even if       ////////
    ////////        they are private) or are helpers for other methods invoked by JAXB.       ////////
    ////////        Those methods can be safely removed if Geographic Markup Language         ////////
    ////////        (GML) support is not needed.                                              ////////
    ////////                                                                                  ////////
    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

    /**
     * Constructs a new coordinate system in which every attributes are set to a null or empty value.
     * <strong>This is not a valid object.</strong> This constructor is strictly reserved to JAXB,
     * which will assign values to the fields using reflexion.
     */
    private DefaultCartesianCS() {
    }
}