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<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="coding-style"></a><a href="#coding-style" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Coding Style</h2>
<p>The SINGA codebase follows the Google Style for both
<a href="http://google-styleguide.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/cppguide.xml">CPP</a> and
<a href="http://google.github.io/styleguide/pyguide.html">Python</a> code.</p>
<p>A simple way to enforce the Google coding styles is to use the linting and
formating tools in the Visual Studio Code editor:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=ms-vscode.cpptools">C/C++ extension</a></li>
<li><a href="https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=ms-python.python">Python extension</a></li>
<li><a href="https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=mine.cpplint">cpplint extension</a></li>
<li><a href="https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=xaver.clang-format">Clang-Format</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Once the extensions are installed, edit the <code>settings.json</code> file.</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-json">{
  <span class="hljs-attr">"[cpp]"</span>: {
    <span class="hljs-attr">"editor.defaultFormatter"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"xaver.clang-format"</span>
  },
  <span class="hljs-attr">"cpplint.cpplintPath"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"path/to/cpplint"</span>,

  <span class="hljs-attr">"editor.formatOnSave"</span>: <span class="hljs-literal">true</span>,
  <span class="hljs-attr">"python.formatting.provider"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"yapf"</span>,
  <span class="hljs-attr">"python.linting.enabled"</span>: <span class="hljs-literal">true</span>,
  <span class="hljs-attr">"python.linting.lintOnSave"</span>: <span class="hljs-literal">true</span>,
  <span class="hljs-attr">"clang-format.language.cpp.style"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"google"</span>,
  <span class="hljs-attr">"python.formatting.yapfArgs"</span>: [<span class="hljs-string">"--style"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"{based_on_style: google}"</span>]
}
</code></pre>
<p>Depending on your platform, the user settings file is located here:</p>
<ol>
<li>Windows %APPDATA%\Code\User\settings.json</li>
<li>macOS &quot;$HOME/Library/Application Support/Code/User/settings.json&quot;</li>
<li>Linux &quot;$HOME/.config/Code/User/settings.json&quot;</li>
</ol>
<p>Configurations are specified in corresponding config files. And these tools
would look up for configuration files in the root of the project automatically,
e.g. <code>.pylintrc</code>.</p>
<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="tool-installation"></a><a href="#tool-installation" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Tool Installation</h4>
<p>It is ideal when all the contributors uses the same version of code formatting
tool (clang-format 9.0.0 and yapf 0.29.0), so that all code formatting in
different PRs would be identical to get rid of github pull request conflicts.</p>
<p>First, install LLVM 9.0 which provides clang-format version 9.0.0. The download
page of LLVM is:</p>
<ul>
<li><p><a href="http://releases.llvm.org/download.html#9.0.0">LLVM</a></p>
<ul>
<li><p>On Ubuntu</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-sh">sudo apt-get install clang-format-9
</code></pre></li>
<li><p>On Windows. Download the pre-built package and install</p></li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
<p>Second, install cpplint, pylint and yapf</p>
<ul>
<li><p>Ubuntu or OSX:</p>
<pre><code class="hljs"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> sudo pip install cpplint</span>
<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">which</span> cpplint</span>
/path/to/cpplint
<span class="hljs-meta">
$</span><span class="bash"> pip install yapf==0.29.0</span>
<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> pip install pylint</span>
</code></pre></li>
<li><p>Windows: Install Anaconda for package management.</p>
<pre><code class="hljs">$ pip <span class="hljs-keyword">install</span> cpplint
$ <span class="hljs-keyword">where</span> cpplint
C:/<span class="hljs-keyword">path</span>/<span class="hljs-keyword">to</span>/cpplint.exe

$ pip <span class="hljs-keyword">install</span> yapf==<span class="hljs-number">0.29</span><span class="hljs-number">.0</span>
$ pip <span class="hljs-keyword">install</span> pylint
</code></pre></li>
</ul>
<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="usage"></a><a href="#usage" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Usage</h4>
<ul>
<li>After the configuration, linting should be automatically applied when editing
source code file. Errors and warnings are listed in Visual Studio Code
<code>PROBLEMS</code> panel.</li>
<li>Code Formatting could be done by bringing up Command Palette(<code>Shift+Ctrl+P</code> in
Windows or <code>Shift+Command+P</code> in OSX) and type <code>Format Document</code>.</li>
</ul>
<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="submission"></a><a href="#submission" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Submission</h4>
<p>You need to fix the format errors before submitting the pull requests.</p>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="developing-environment"></a><a href="#developing-environment" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Developing Environment</h2>
<p>Visual Studio Code is recommended as the editor. Extensions like Python, C/C++,
Code Spell Checker, autoDocstring, vim, Remote Development could be installed. A
reference configuration (i.e., <code>settings.json</code>) of these extensions is
<a href="https://gist.github.com/nudles/3d23cfb6ffb30ca7636c45fe60278c55">here</a>.</p>
<p>If you update the CPP code, you need to recompile SINGA
<a href="/docs/3.0.0/build">from source</a>. It is recommended to use the native building tools in
the <code>*-devel</code> Docker images or <code>conda build</code>.</p>
<p>If you only update the Python code, you can install SINGAS once, and then copy
the updated Python files to replace those in the Python installation folder,</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">cp python/singa/xx.py  &lt;path to conda&gt;/lib/python3.7/site-packages/singa/
</code></pre>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="workflow"></a><a href="#workflow" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Workflow</h2>
<p>Please refer to the <a href="./git-workflow">git workflow page</a>.</p>
</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/13/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0/build"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Build SINGA from Source</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0/contribute-docs"><span>How to Contribute to Documentation</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#coding-style">Coding Style</a></li><li><a href="#developing-environment">Developing Environment</a></li><li><a href="#workflow">Workflow</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
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