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<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="for-developers"></a><a href="#for-developers" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>For Developers</h2>
<ol>
<li><p>Fork the <a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">SINGA Github repository</a> to your
own Github account.</p></li>
<li><p>Clone the <strong>repo</strong> (short for repository) from your Github</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">git clone https://github.com/&lt;Github account&gt;/singa.git
git remote add upstream https://github.com/apache/singa.git
</code></pre></li>
<li><p>Create a new branch (e.g., <code>feature-foo</code> or <code>fixbug-foo</code>), work on it and
commit your code.</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">git checkout dev
git checkout -b feature-foo
<span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> write your code</span>
git add &lt;created/updated files&gt;
git commit
</code></pre>
<p>The commit message should include:</p>
<ul>
<li>A descriptive Title.</li>
<li>A detailed description. If the commit is to fix a bug, the description
should ideally include a short reproduction of the problem. For new
features, it may include the motivation/purpose of this new feature.</li>
</ul>
<p>If your branch has many small commits, you need to clean those commits via</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">git rebase -i &lt;commit id&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>You can
<a href="https://help.github.com/en/articles/about-git-rebase">squash and reword</a> the
commits.</p></li>
<li><p>When you are working on the code, the <code>dev</code> of SINGA may have been updated by
others; In this case, you need to pull the latest dev</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">git checkout dev
git pull upstream dev:dev
</code></pre></li>
<li><p><a href="https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Branching-Rebasing">Rebase</a> <code>feature-foo</code>
onto the <code>dev</code> branch and push commits to your own Github account (the new
branch). The rebase operation is to make the commit history clean. The
following git instructors should be executed after committing the current
work:</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">git checkout feature-foo
git rebase dev
git push origin feature-foo:feature-foo
</code></pre>
<p>The rebase command does the
<a href="https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Branching-Rebasing">following steps</a>:
&quot;This operation works by going to the common ancestor of the two branches
(the one you’re on and the one you’re rebasing onto), getting the diff
introduced by each commit of the branch you’re on, saving those diffs to
temporary files, resetting the current branch to the same commit as the
branch you are rebasing onto, and finally applying each change in turn.&quot;
Therefore, after executing it, you will be still on the feature branch, but
your own commit IDs/hashes are changed since the diffs are committed during
rebase; and your branch now has the latest code from the dev branch and your
own branch.</p></li>
<li><p>Open a pull request (PR) against the dev branch of apache/singa on Github
website. If you want to inform other contributors who worked on the same
files, you can find the file(s) on Github and click &quot;Blame&quot; to see a
line-by-line annotation of who changed the code last. Then, you can add
@username in the PR description to ping them immediately. Please state that
the contribution is your original work and that you license the work to the
project under the project's open source license. Further commits (e.g., bug
fix) to your new branch will be added to this pull request automatically by
Github.</p></li>
<li><p>Wait for committers to review the PR. During this time, the dev of SINGA may
have been updated by others, and then you need to
<a href="https://docs.fast.ai/dev/git.html#how-to-keep-your-feature-branch-up-to-date">merge the latest dev</a>
to resolve conflicts. Some people
<a href="https://github.com/edx/edx-platform/wiki/How-to-Rebase-a-Pull-Request">rebase the PR onto the latest dev</a>
instead of merging. However, if other developers fetch this PR to add new
features and then send PR, the rebase operation would introduce <strong>duplicate
commits</strong> (with different hash) in the future PR. See
<a href="https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/merging-vs-rebasing">The Golden Rule of Rebasing</a>
for the details of when to avoid using rebase. Another simple solution to
update the PR (to fix conflicts or commit errors) is to checkout a new branch
from the latest dev branch of Apache SINGAS repo; copy and paste the
updated/added code; commit and send a new PR.</p></li>
</ol>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="for-committers"></a><a href="#for-committers" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>For Committers</h2>
<p>Committers can merge the pull requests (PRs) into the dev branch of the upstream
repo. Before merging each PR, the committer should</p>
<ul>
<li>check the commit message (content and format)</li>
<li>check the changes to existing code. API changes should be recorded</li>
<li>check the Travis testing results for code/doc format and unit tests</li>
</ul>
<p>There are two approaches to merge a pull request:</p>
<ul>
<li><p>On Github. Follow the <a href="https://gitbox.apache.org/setup/">instructions</a> to
connect your Apache account with your Github account. After that you can
directly merge PRs on GitHub.</p></li>
<li><p>To merge pull request <a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/pull/xxx">https://github.com/apache/singa/pull/xxx</a> via command
line, the following instructions should be executed,</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">git clone https://github.com/apache/singa.git
git remote add asf https://gitbox.apache.org/repos/asf/singa.git
git fetch origin pull/xxx/head:prxxx
git checkout dev
git merge --no-ff prxxx
git push asf dev:dev
</code></pre>
<p>Do not use rebase to merge the PR; and disable fast forward.</p></li>
</ul>
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   The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
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