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| <div class="subTitle"><span class="packageLabelInType">Package</span> <a href="package-summary.html">org.apache.shiro.authz</a></div> |
| <h2 title="Interface Permission" class="title">Interface Permission</h2> |
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| <dt>All Known Implementing Classes:</dt> |
| <dd><code><a href="permission/AllPermission.html" title="class in org.apache.shiro.authz.permission">AllPermission</a></code>, <code><a href="permission/DomainPermission.html" title="class in org.apache.shiro.authz.permission">DomainPermission</a></code>, <code><a href="permission/WildcardPermission.html" title="class in org.apache.shiro.authz.permission">WildcardPermission</a></code></dd> |
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| <pre>public interface <a href="../../../../src-html/org/apache/shiro/authz/Permission.html#line.66">Permission</a></pre> |
| <div class="block">A Permission represents the ability to perform an action or access a resource. A Permission is the most |
| granular, or atomic, unit in a system's security policy and is the cornerstone upon which fine-grained security |
| models are built. |
| <p/> |
| It is important to understand a Permission instance only represents functionality or access - it does not grant it. |
| Granting access to an application functionality or a particular resource is done by the application's security |
| configuration, typically by assigning Permissions to users, roles and/or groups. |
| <p/> |
| Most typical systems are what the Shiro team calls <em>role-based</em> in nature, where a role represents |
| common behavior for certain user types. For example, a system might have an <em>Administrator</em> role, a |
| <em>User</em> or <em>Guest</em> roles, etc. |
| <p/> |
| But if you have a dynamic security model, where roles can be created and deleted at runtime, you can't hard-code |
| role names in your code. In this environment, roles themselves aren't very useful. What matters is what |
| <em>permissions</em> are assigned to these roles. |
| <p/> |
| Under this paradigm, permissions are immutable and reflect an application's raw functionality |
| (opening files, accessing a web URL, creating users, etc). This is what allows a system's security policy |
| to be dynamic: because Permissions represent raw functionality and only change when the application's |
| source code changes, they are immutable at runtime - they represent 'what' the system can do. Roles, users, and |
| groups are the 'who' of the application. Determining 'who' can do 'what' then becomes a simple exercise of |
| associating Permissions to roles, users, and groups in some way. |
| <p/> |
| Most applications do this by associating a named role with permissions (i.e. a role 'has a' collection of |
| Permissions) and then associate users with roles (i.e. a user 'has a' collection of roles) so that by transitive |
| association, the user 'has' the permissions in their roles. There are numerous variations on this theme |
| (permissions assigned directly to users, or assigned to groups, and users added to groups and these groups in turn |
| have roles, etc, etc). When employing a permission-based security model instead of a role-based one, users, roles, |
| and groups can all be created, configured and/or deleted at runtime. This enables an extremely powerful security |
| model. |
| <p/> |
| A benefit to Shiro is that, although it assumes most systems are based on these types of static role or |
| dynamic role w/ permission schemes, it does not require a system to model their security data this way - all |
| Permission checks are relegated to <a href="../realm/Realm.html" title="interface in org.apache.shiro.realm"><code>Realm</code></a> implementations, and only those |
| implementations really determine how a user 'has' a permission or not. The Realm could use the semantics described |
| here, or it could utilize some other mechanism entirely - it is always up to the application developer. |
| <p/> |
| Shiro provides a very powerful default implementation of this interface in the form of the |
| <a href="permission/WildcardPermission.html" title="class in org.apache.shiro.authz.permission"><code>WildcardPermission</code></a>. We highly recommend that you |
| investigate this class before trying to implement your own <code>Permission</code>s.</div> |
| <dl> |
| <dt><span class="simpleTagLabel">Since:</span></dt> |
| <dd>0.2</dd> |
| <dt><span class="seeLabel">See Also:</span></dt> |
| <dd><a href="permission/WildcardPermission.html" title="class in org.apache.shiro.authz.permission"><code>WildcardPermission</code></a></dd> |
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| <td class="colFirst"><code>boolean</code></td> |
| <th class="colSecond" scope="row"><code><span class="memberNameLink"><a href="#implies(org.apache.shiro.authz.Permission)">implies</a></span>​(<a href="Permission.html" title="interface in org.apache.shiro.authz">Permission</a> p)</code></th> |
| <td class="colLast"> |
| <div class="block">Returns <code>true</code> if this current instance <em>implies</em> all the functionality and/or resource access |
| described by the specified <code>Permission</code> argument, <code>false</code> otherwise.</div> |
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| <h4>implies</h4> |
| <pre class="methodSignature">boolean <a href="../../../../src-html/org/apache/shiro/authz/Permission.html#line.84">implies</a>​(<a href="Permission.html" title="interface in org.apache.shiro.authz">Permission</a> p)</pre> |
| <div class="block">Returns <code>true</code> if this current instance <em>implies</em> all the functionality and/or resource access |
| described by the specified <code>Permission</code> argument, <code>false</code> otherwise. |
| <p/> |
| <p>That is, this current instance must be exactly equal to or a <em>superset</em> of the functionality |
| and/or resource access described by the given <code>Permission</code> argument. Yet another way of saying this |
| would be: |
| <p/> |
| <p>If "permission1 implies permission2", i.e. <code>permission1.implies(permission2)</code> , |
| then any Subject granted <code>permission1</code> would have ability greater than or equal to that defined by |
| <code>permission2</code>.</div> |
| <dl> |
| <dt><span class="paramLabel">Parameters:</span></dt> |
| <dd><code>p</code> - the permission to check for behavior/functionality comparison.</dd> |
| <dt><span class="returnLabel">Returns:</span></dt> |
| <dd><code>true</code> if this current instance <em>implies</em> all the functionality and/or resource access |
| described by the specified <code>Permission</code> argument, <code>false</code> otherwise.</dd> |
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