/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package org.apache.beam.examples;

import org.apache.beam.sdk.Pipeline;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.io.TextIO;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.metrics.Counter;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.metrics.Distribution;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.metrics.Metrics;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.options.Description;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.options.PipelineOptions;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.options.PipelineOptionsFactory;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.options.Validation.Required;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.transforms.Count;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.transforms.DoFn;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.transforms.MapElements;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.transforms.PTransform;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.transforms.ParDo;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.transforms.SimpleFunction;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.values.KV;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.values.PCollection;

/**
 * An example that counts words and includes Beam best practices.
 *
 * <p>For a detailed walkthrough of this example, see <a
 * href="https://beam.apache.org/get-started/wordcount-example/">
 * https://beam.apache.org/get-started/wordcount-example/ </a>
 *
 * <p>Basic concepts: Reading text files; counting a
 * PCollection; writing to text files
 *
 * <p>New Concepts:
 *
 * <pre>
 *   1. Executing a Pipeline both locally and using the selected runner
 *   2. Using ParDo with static DoFns defined out-of-line
 *   3. Building a composite transform
 *   4. Defining your own pipeline options
 * </pre>
 *
 * <p>To execute this example locally:
 * <pre>{@code
 * $ mvn compile exec:java -Dexec.mainClass=org.apache.beam.examples.WordCount \
 *      -Dexec.args="--inputFile=pom.xml --output=counts --runner=SamzaRunner" -Psamza-runner
 * }</pre>
 *
 * <p>To execute the example in distributed manner, use mvn to package it first:
 * (remove .waitUntilFinish() in the code for yarn deployment)
 * <pre>{@code
 * $ mkdir -p deploy/examples
 * $ mvn package && tar -xvf target/samza-beam-examples-0.1-dist.tar.gz -C deploy/examples/
 * }</pre>
 *
 * <p>To execute this example in standalone with zookeeper:
 * (split the input by 2)
 * <pre>{@code
 * $ deploy/examples/bin/run-beam-standalone.sh org.apache.beam.examples.WordCount \
 *     --configFilePath=$PWD/deploy/examples/config/standalone.properties \
 *     --inputFile=/Users/xiliu/opensource/samza-beam-examples/pom.xml --output=word-counts.txt \
 *     --maxSourceParallelism=2
 * }</pre>
 *
 * <p>To execute this example in yarn:
 * (split the input by 2)
 * <pre>{@code
 * $ deploy/examples/bin/run-beam-yarn.sh org.apache.beam.examples.WordCount \
 *     --configFilePath=$PWD/deploy/examples/config/yarn.properties \
 *     --inputFile=/Users/xiliu/opensource/samza-beam-examples/pom.xml \
 *     --output=/tmp/word-counts.txt --maxSourceParallelism=2
 * }</pre>
 */
public class WordCount {
  private static final String TOKENIZER_PATTERN = "[^\\p{L}]+";

  /**
   * Concept #2: You can make your pipeline assembly code less verbose by defining your DoFns
   * statically out-of-line. This DoFn tokenizes lines of text into individual words; we pass it to
   * a ParDo in the pipeline.
   */
  static class ExtractWordsFn extends DoFn<String, String> {
    private final Counter emptyLines = Metrics.counter(ExtractWordsFn.class, "emptyLines");
    private final Distribution lineLenDist =
        Metrics.distribution(ExtractWordsFn.class, "lineLenDistro");

    @ProcessElement
    public void processElement(@Element String element, OutputReceiver<String> receiver) {
      lineLenDist.update(element.length());
      if (element.trim().isEmpty()) {
        emptyLines.inc();
      }

      // Split the line into words.
      String[] words = element.split(TOKENIZER_PATTERN, -1);

      // Output each word encountered into the output PCollection.
      for (String word : words) {
        if (!word.isEmpty()) {
          receiver.output(word);
        }
      }
    }
  }

  /** A SimpleFunction that converts a Word and Count into a printable string. */
  public static class FormatAsTextFn extends SimpleFunction<KV<String, Long>, String> {
    @Override
    public String apply(KV<String, Long> input) {
      return input.getKey() + ": " + input.getValue();
    }
  }

  /**
   * A PTransform that converts a PCollection containing lines of text into a PCollection of
   * formatted word counts.
   *
   * <p>Concept #3: This is a custom composite transform that bundles two transforms (ParDo and
   * Count) as a reusable PTransform subclass. Using composite transforms allows for easy reuse,
   * modular testing, and an improved monitoring experience.
   */
  public static class CountWords
      extends PTransform<PCollection<String>, PCollection<KV<String, Long>>> {
    @Override
    public PCollection<KV<String, Long>> expand(PCollection<String> lines) {

      // Convert lines of text into individual words.
      PCollection<String> words = lines.apply(ParDo.of(new ExtractWordsFn()));

      // Count the number of times each word occurs.
      PCollection<KV<String, Long>> wordCounts = words.apply(Count.perElement());

      return wordCounts;
    }
  }

  /**
   * Options supported by {@link WordCount}.
   *
   * <p>Concept #4: Defining your own configuration options. Here, you can add your own arguments to
   * be processed by the command-line parser, and specify default values for them. You can then
   * access the options values in your pipeline code.
   *
   * <p>Inherits standard configuration options.
   */
  public interface WordCountOptions extends PipelineOptions {

    /**
     * By default, this example reads from a public dataset containing the text of King Lear. Set
     * this option to choose a different input file or glob.
     */
    @Description("Path of the file to read from")
    @Required
    String getInputFile();

    void setInputFile(String value);

    /** Set this required option to specify where to write the output. */
    @Description("Path of the file to write to")
    @Required
    String getOutput();

    void setOutput(String value);
  }

  static void runWordCount(WordCountOptions options) {
    Pipeline p = Pipeline.create(options);

    // Concepts #2 and #3: Our pipeline applies the composite CountWords transform, and passes the
    // static FormatAsTextFn() to the ParDo transform.
    p.apply("ReadLines", TextIO.read().from(options.getInputFile()))
        .apply(new CountWords())
        .apply(MapElements.via(new FormatAsTextFn()))
        .apply("WriteCounts", TextIO.write().to(options.getOutput()).withoutSharding());

    //For yarn, we don't need to wait after submitting the job,
    //so there is no need for waitUntilFinish(). Please use
    //p.run()
    p.run().waitUntilFinish();
  }

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    WordCountOptions options =
        PipelineOptionsFactory.fromArgs(args).withValidation().as(WordCountOptions.class);
    options.setJobName("word-count");

    runWordCount(options);
  }
}