/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
 * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
 * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
 * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
 * specific language governing permissions and limitations
 * under the License.
 */

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;

import org.apache.commons.lang.Validate;
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender;
import org.apache.log4j.Level;
import org.apache.log4j.LogManager;
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout;
import org.apache.rya.indexing.accumulo.ConfigUtils;
import org.apache.rya.indexing.mongodb.MongoIndexingConfiguration;
import org.apache.rya.indexing.mongodb.MongoIndexingConfiguration.MongoDBIndexingConfigBuilder;
import org.apache.rya.mongodb.EmbeddedMongoFactory;
import org.apache.rya.rdftriplestore.RdfCloudTripleStore;
import org.apache.rya.rdftriplestore.inference.InferenceEngineException;
import org.apache.rya.sail.config.RyaSailFactory;
import org.apache.zookeeper.ClientCnxn;
import org.openrdf.model.Namespace;
import org.openrdf.model.URI;
import org.openrdf.model.ValueFactory;
import org.openrdf.model.vocabulary.OWL;
import org.openrdf.model.vocabulary.RDF;
import org.openrdf.model.vocabulary.RDFS;
import org.openrdf.query.BindingSet;
import org.openrdf.query.MalformedQueryException;
import org.openrdf.query.QueryEvaluationException;
import org.openrdf.query.QueryLanguage;
import org.openrdf.query.QueryResultHandlerException;
import org.openrdf.query.TupleQuery;
import org.openrdf.query.TupleQueryResultHandler;
import org.openrdf.query.TupleQueryResultHandlerException;
import org.openrdf.query.Update;
import org.openrdf.query.UpdateExecutionException;
import org.openrdf.repository.RepositoryException;
import org.openrdf.repository.RepositoryResult;
import org.openrdf.repository.sail.SailRepository;
import org.openrdf.repository.sail.SailRepositoryConnection;
import org.openrdf.sail.Sail;

import de.flapdoodle.embed.mongo.config.IMongoConfig;
import de.flapdoodle.embed.mongo.config.Net;
import info.aduna.iteration.Iterations;


public class MongoRyaDirectExample {
    private static final Logger log = Logger.getLogger(MongoRyaDirectExample.class);

    private static final boolean IS_DETAILED_LOGGING_ENABLED = false;

    //
    // Connection configuration parameters
    //

    private static final boolean PRINT_QUERIES = true;
    private static final String MONGO_DB = "rya";
    private static final String MONGO_COLL_PREFIX = "rya_";
    private static final boolean USE_MOCK = true;
    private static final boolean USE_INFER = true;
    private static final String MONGO_USER = null;
    private static final String MONGO_PASSWORD = null;
    private static final String MONGO_INSTANCE_URL = "localhost";
    private static final String MONGO_INSTANCE_PORT = "27017";

    public static void setupLogging() {
        final Logger rootLogger = LogManager.getRootLogger();
        rootLogger.setLevel(Level.OFF);
        final ConsoleAppender ca = (ConsoleAppender) rootLogger.getAppender("stdout");
        ca.setLayout(new PatternLayout("%d{MMM dd yyyy HH:mm:ss} %5p [%t] (%F:%L) - %m%n"));
        rootLogger.setLevel(Level.INFO);
        // Filter out noisy messages from the following classes.
        Logger.getLogger(ClientCnxn.class).setLevel(Level.OFF);
        Logger.getLogger(EmbeddedMongoFactory.class).setLevel(Level.OFF);
    }

    public static void main(final String[] args) throws Exception {
        if (IS_DETAILED_LOGGING_ENABLED) {
            setupLogging();
        }
        final Configuration conf = getConf();
        conf.setBoolean(ConfigUtils.DISPLAY_QUERY_PLAN, PRINT_QUERIES);

        SailRepository repository = null;
        SailRepositoryConnection conn = null;
        try {
            log.info("Connecting to Indexing Sail Repository.");
            final Sail sail = RyaSailFactory.getInstance(conf);
            repository = new SailRepository(sail);
            conn = repository.getConnection();

            final long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
            log.info("Running SPARQL Example: Add and Delete");
            testAddAndDelete(conn);
            testAddAndDeleteNoContext(conn);
            testAddNamespaces(conn);
//            testAddPointAndWithinSearch(conn);
            testAddAndFreeTextSearchWithPCJ(conn);
           //  to test out inference, set inference to true in the conf
            if (USE_INFER){
                testInfer(conn, sail);
                testPropertyChainInference(conn, sail);
                testPropertyChainInferenceAltRepresentation(conn, sail);
                testSomeValuesFromInference(conn, sail);
                testAllValuesFromInference(conn, sail);
                testIntersectionOfInference(conn, sail);
                testOneOfInference(conn, sail);
            }

            log.info("TIME: " + (System.currentTimeMillis() - start) / 1000.);
        } finally {
            log.info("Shutting down");
            closeQuietly(conn);
            closeQuietly(repository);
        }
    }

//    private static void testAddPointAndWithinSearch(SailRepositoryConnection conn) throws Exception {
//
//        String update = "PREFIX geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#>  "//
//                + "INSERT DATA { " //
//                + "  <urn:feature> a geo:Feature ; " //
//                + "    geo:hasGeometry [ " //
//                + "      a geo:Point ; " //
//                + "      geo:asWKT \"Point(-77.03524 38.889468)\"^^geo:wktLiteral "//
//                + "    ] . " //
//                + "}";
//
//        Update u = conn.prepareUpdate(QueryLanguage.SPARQL, update);
//        u.execute();
//
//        String queryString;
//        TupleQuery tupleQuery;
//        CountingResultHandler tupleHandler;
//
//        // ring containing point
//        queryString = "PREFIX geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#>  "//
//                + "PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>  "//
//                + "SELECT ?feature ?point ?wkt " //
//                + "{" //
//                + "  ?feature a geo:Feature . "//
//                + "  ?feature geo:hasGeometry ?point . "//
//                + "  ?point a geo:Point . "//
//                + "  ?point geo:asWKT ?wkt . "//
//                + "  FILTER(geof:sfWithin(?wkt, \"POLYGON((-78 39, -77 39, -77 38, -78 38, -78 39))\"^^geo:wktLiteral)) " //
//                + "}";//
//        tupleQuery = conn.prepareTupleQuery(QueryLanguage.SPARQL, queryString);
//
//        tupleHandler = new CountingResultHandler();
//        tupleQuery.evaluate(tupleHandler);
//        log.info("Result count : " + tupleHandler.getCount());
//        Validate.isTrue(tupleHandler.getCount() >= 1); // may see points from during previous runs
//
//        // ring outside point
//        queryString = "PREFIX geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#>  "//
//                + "PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>  "//
//                + "SELECT ?feature ?point ?wkt " //
//                + "{" //
//                + "  ?feature a geo:Feature . "//
//                + "  ?feature geo:hasGeometry ?point . "//
//                + "  ?point a geo:Point . "//
//                + "  ?point geo:asWKT ?wkt . "//
//                + "  FILTER(geof:sfWithin(?wkt, \"POLYGON((-77 39, -76 39, -76 38, -77 38, -77 39))\"^^geo:wktLiteral)) " //
//                + "}";//
//        tupleQuery = conn.prepareTupleQuery(QueryLanguage.SPARQL, queryString);
//
//        tupleHandler = new CountingResultHandler();
//        tupleQuery.evaluate(tupleHandler);
//        log.info("Result count : " + tupleHandler.getCount());
//        Validate.isTrue(tupleHandler.getCount() == 0);
//    }

    private static void closeQuietly(final SailRepository repository) {
        if (repository != null) {
            try {
                repository.shutDown();
            } catch (final RepositoryException e) {
                // quietly absorb this exception
            }
        }
    }

    private static void closeQuietly(final SailRepositoryConnection conn) {
        if (conn != null) {
            try {
                conn.close();
            } catch (final RepositoryException e) {
                // quietly absorb this exception
            }
        }
    }

    private static void testAddAndFreeTextSearchWithPCJ(final SailRepositoryConnection conn) throws Exception {
        // add data to the repository using the SailRepository add methods
        final ValueFactory f = conn.getValueFactory();
        final URI person = f.createURI("http://example.org/ontology/Person");

        String uuid;

        uuid = "urn:people:alice";
        conn.add(f.createURI(uuid), RDF.TYPE, person);
        conn.add(f.createURI(uuid), RDFS.LABEL, f.createLiteral("Alice Palace Hose", f.createURI("xsd:string")));

        uuid = "urn:people:bobss";
        conn.add(f.createURI(uuid), RDF.TYPE, person);
        conn.add(f.createURI(uuid), RDFS.LABEL, f.createLiteral("Bob Snob Hose", "en"));

        String queryString;
        TupleQuery tupleQuery;
        CountingResultHandler tupleHandler;

        // ///////////// search for alice
        queryString = "PREFIX fts: <http://rdf.useekm.com/fts#>  "//
                + "SELECT ?person ?match ?e ?c ?l ?o " //
                + "{" //
                + "  ?person <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label> ?match . "//
                + "  FILTER(fts:text(?match, \"Palace\")) " //
                + "}";//
        tupleQuery = conn.prepareTupleQuery(QueryLanguage.SPARQL, queryString);
        tupleHandler = new CountingResultHandler();
        tupleQuery.evaluate(tupleHandler);
        log.info("Result count : " + tupleHandler.getCount());
        Validate.isTrue(tupleHandler.getCount() == 1);


        // ///////////// search for alice and bob
        queryString = "PREFIX fts: <http://rdf.useekm.com/fts#>  "//
                + "SELECT ?person ?match " //
                + "{" //
                + "  ?person <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label> ?match . "//
                  + "  ?person a <http://example.org/ontology/Person> . "//
                + "  FILTER(fts:text(?match, \"alice\")) " //
                + "}";//
        tupleQuery = conn.prepareTupleQuery(QueryLanguage.SPARQL, queryString);
        tupleHandler = new CountingResultHandler();
        tupleQuery.evaluate(tupleHandler);
        log.info("Result count : " + tupleHandler.getCount());
        Validate.isTrue(tupleHandler.getCount() == 1);

     // ///////////// search for alice and bob
        queryString = "PREFIX fts: <http://rdf.useekm.com/fts#>  "//
                + "SELECT ?person ?match " //
                + "{" //
                + "  ?person a <http://example.org/ontology/Person> . "//
                + "  ?person <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label> ?match . "//
                + "  FILTER(fts:text(?match, \"alice\")) " //
                + "  FILTER(fts:text(?match, \"palace\")) " //
                + "}";//
        tupleQuery = conn.prepareTupleQuery(QueryLanguage.SPARQL, queryString);
        tupleHandler = new CountingResultHandler();
        tupleQuery.evaluate(tupleHandler);
        log.info("Result count : " + tupleHandler.getCount());
        Validate.isTrue(tupleHandler.getCount() == 1);


        // ///////////// search for bob
        queryString = "PREFIX fts: <http://rdf.useekm.com/fts#>  "//
                + "SELECT ?person ?match ?e ?c ?l ?o " //
                + "{" //
                + "  ?person a <http://example.org/ontology/Person> . "//
                + "  ?person <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label> ?match . "//
                // this is an or query in mongo, a and query in accumulo
                + "  FILTER(fts:text(?match, \"alice hose\")) " //
                + "}";//

        tupleQuery = conn.prepareTupleQuery(QueryLanguage.SPARQL, queryString);
        tupleHandler = new CountingResultHandler();
        tupleQuery.evaluate(tupleHandler);
        log.info("Result count : " + tupleHandler.getCount());
        Validate.isTrue(tupleHandler.getCount() == 2);
    }

    private static Configuration getConf() throws IOException {

        MongoDBIndexingConfigBuilder builder = MongoIndexingConfiguration.builder()
            .setUseMockMongo(USE_MOCK).setUseInference(USE_INFER).setAuths("U");

        if (USE_MOCK) {
            final EmbeddedMongoFactory factory = EmbeddedMongoFactory.newFactory();
            final IMongoConfig connectionConfig = factory.getMongoServerDetails();
            final Net net = connectionConfig.net();
            builder.setMongoHost(net.getBindIp() == null ? "127.0.0.1" : net.getBindIp())
                   .setMongoPort(net.getPort() + "");
        } else {
            // User name and password must be filled in:
            builder = builder.setMongoUser(MONGO_USER)
                             .setMongoPassword(MONGO_PASSWORD)
                             .setMongoHost(MONGO_INSTANCE_URL)
                             .setMongoPort(MONGO_INSTANCE_PORT);
        }

        return builder.setMongoDBName(MONGO_DB)
               .setMongoCollectionPrefix(MONGO_COLL_PREFIX)
               .setUseMongoFreetextIndex(true)
               .setMongoFreeTextPredicates(RDFS.LABEL.stringValue()).build();

    }


    public static void testAddAndDelete(final SailRepositoryConnection conn) throws MalformedQueryException, RepositoryException,
    UpdateExecutionException, QueryEvaluationException, TupleQueryResultHandlerException {

        // Add data
        String query = "INSERT DATA\n"//
                + "{ GRAPH <http://updated/test> {\n"//
                + "  <http://acme.com/people/Mike> " //
                + "       <http://acme.com/actions/likes> \"A new book\" ;\n"//
                + "       <http://acme.com/actions/likes> \"Avocados\" .\n" + "} }";

        log.info("Performing Query");

        Update update = conn.prepareUpdate(QueryLanguage.SPARQL, query);
        update.execute();

        query = "select ?p ?o { GRAPH <http://updated/test> {<http://acme.com/people/Mike> ?p ?o . }}";
        final CountingResultHandler resultHandler = new CountingResultHandler();
        TupleQuery tupleQuery = conn.prepareTupleQuery(QueryLanguage.SPARQL, query);
        tupleQuery.evaluate(resultHandler);
        log.info("Result count : " + resultHandler.getCount());

        Validate.isTrue(resultHandler.getCount() == 2);

        resultHandler.resetCount();

        // Delete Data
        query = "DELETE DATA\n" //
                + "{ GRAPH <http://updated/test> {\n"
                + "  <http://acme.com/people/Mike> <http://acme.com/actions/likes> \"A new book\" ;\n"
                + "   <http://acme.com/actions/likes> \"Avocados\" .\n" + "}}";

        update = conn.prepareUpdate(QueryLanguage.SPARQL, query);
        update.execute();

        query = "select ?p ?o { GRAPH <http://updated/test> {<http://acme.com/people/Mike> ?p ?o . }}";
        tupleQuery = conn.prepareTupleQuery(QueryLanguage.SPARQL, query);
        tupleQuery.evaluate(resultHandler);
        log.info("Result count : " + resultHandler.getCount());

        Validate.isTrue(resultHandler.getCount() == 0);
    }


    public static void testPropertyChainInferenceAltRepresentation(final SailRepositoryConnection conn, final Sail sail) throws MalformedQueryException, RepositoryException,
    UpdateExecutionException, QueryEvaluationException, TupleQueryResultHandlerException, InferenceEngineException {

        // Add data
        String query = "INSERT DATA\n"//
                + "{ GRAPH <http://updated/test> {\n"//
                + "  <urn:jenGreatGranMother> <urn:Motherof> <urn:jenGranMother> . "
                + "  <urn:jenGranMother> <urn:isChildOf> <urn:jenGreatGranMother> . "
                + "  <urn:jenGranMother> <urn:Motherof> <urn:jenMother> . "
                + "  <urn:jenMother> <urn:isChildOf> <urn:jenGranMother> . "
                + " <urn:jenMother> <urn:Motherof> <urn:jen> . "
                + "  <urn:jen> <urn:isChildOf> <urn:jenMother> . "
                + " <urn:jen> <urn:Motherof> <urn:jenDaughter> .  }}";

        log.info("Performing Query");

        Update update = conn.prepareUpdate(QueryLanguage.SPARQL, query);
        update.execute();

        query = "select ?p { GRAPH <http://updated/test> {?s <urn:Motherof>/<urn:Motherof> ?p}}";
        CountingResultHandler resultHandler = new CountingResultHandler();
        TupleQuery tupleQuery = conn.prepareTupleQuery(QueryLanguage.SPARQL, query);
        tupleQuery.evaluate(resultHandler);
        log.info("Result count : " + resultHandler.getCount());


        // try adding a property chain and querying for it
        query = "INSERT DATA\n"//
                + "{ GRAPH <http://updated/test> {\n"//
                + "  <urn:greatMother> owl:propertyChainAxiom <urn:12342>  . " +
                " <urn:12342> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first> _:node1atjakcvbx15023 . " +
                " _:node1atjakcvbx15023 <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#inverseOf> <urn:isChildOf> . " +
                " <urn:12342> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest> _:node1atjakcvbx15123 . " +
                   " _:node1atjakcvbx15123 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil> . " +
                " _:node1atjakcvbx15123 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first> <urn:MotherOf> .  }}";
        update = conn.prepareUpdate(QueryLanguage.SPARQL, query);
        update.execute();
        ((RdfCloudTripleStore) sail).getInferenceEngine().refreshGraph();

        resultHandler.resetCount();
        query = "select ?x { GRAPH <http://updated/test> {<urn:jenGreatGranMother> <urn:greatMother> ?x}}";
        resultHandler = new CountingResultHandler();
        tupleQuery = conn.prepareTupleQuery(QueryLanguage.SPARQL, query);
        tupleQuery.evaluate(resultHandler);
        log.info("Result count : " + resultHandler.getCount());

    }

    public static void testPropertyChainInference(final SailRepositoryConnection conn, final Sail sail) throws MalformedQueryException, RepositoryException,
    UpdateExecutionException, QueryEvaluationException, TupleQueryResultHandlerException, InferenceEngineException {

        // Add data
        String query = "INSERT DATA\n"//
                + "{ GRAPH <http://updated/test> {\n"//
                + "  <urn:paulGreatGrandfather> <urn:father> <urn:paulGrandfather> . "
                + "  <urn:paulGrandfather> <urn:father> <urn:paulFather> . " +
                " <urn:paulFather> <urn:father> <urn:paul> . " +
                " <urn:paul> <urn:father> <urn:paulSon> .  }}";

        log.info("Performing Query");

        Update update = conn.prepareUpdate(QueryLanguage.SPARQL, query);
        update.execute();

        query = "select ?p { GRAPH <http://updated/test> {<urn:paulGreatGrandfather> <urn:father>/<urn:father> ?p}}";
        CountingResultHandler resultHandler = new CountingResultHandler();
        TupleQuery tupleQuery = conn.prepareTupleQuery(QueryLanguage.SPARQL, query);
        tupleQuery.evaluate(resultHandler);
        log.info("Result count : " + resultHandler.getCount());


        // try adding a property chain and querying for it
        query = "INSERT DATA\n"//
                + "{ GRAPH <http://updated/test> {\n"//
                + "  <urn:greatGrandfather> owl:propertyChainAxiom <urn:1234>  . " +
                " <urn:1234> <http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/list#length> 3 . " +
                " <urn:1234> <http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/list#index> (0 <urn:father>) . " +
                " <urn:1234> <http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/list#index> (1 <urn:father>) . " +
                " <urn:1234> <http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/list#index> (2 <urn:father>) .  }}";
        update = conn.prepareUpdate(QueryLanguage.SPARQL, query);
        update.execute();
        query = "INSERT DATA\n"//
                + "{ GRAPH <http://updated/test> {\n"//
                + "  <urn:grandfather> owl:propertyChainAxiom <urn:12344>  . " +
                " <urn:12344> <http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/list#length> 2 . " +
                " <urn:12344> <http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/list#index> (0 <urn:father>) . " +
                " <urn:12344> <http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/list#index> (1 <urn:father>) .  }}";
        update = conn.prepareUpdate(QueryLanguage.SPARQL, query);
        update.execute();
        ((RdfCloudTripleStore) sail).getInferenceEngine().refreshGraph();

        resultHandler.resetCount();
        query = "select ?p { GRAPH <http://updated/test> {<urn:paulGreatGrandfather> <urn:greatGrandfather> ?p}}";
        resultHandler = new CountingResultHandler();
        tupleQuery = conn.prepareTupleQuery(QueryLanguage.SPARQL, query);
        tupleQuery.evaluate(resultHandler);
        log.info("Result count : " + resultHandler.getCount());

        resultHandler.resetCount();
        query = "select ?s ?p { GRAPH <http://updated/test> {?s <urn:grandfather> ?p}}";
        resultHandler = new CountingResultHandler();
        tupleQuery = conn.prepareTupleQuery(QueryLanguage.SPARQL, query);
        tupleQuery.evaluate(resultHandler);
        log.info("Result count : " + resultHandler.getCount());

    }

    public static void testIntersectionOfInference(final SailRepositoryConnection conn, final Sail sail) throws MalformedQueryException, RepositoryException, UpdateExecutionException, QueryEvaluationException, TupleQueryResultHandlerException, InferenceEngineException {
        log.info("Adding Data");
        final String instances = "INSERT DATA\n"
                + "{ GRAPH <http://updated/test> {\n"
                + "  <urn:Susan> a <urn:Mother> . \n"
                + "  <urn:Mary> a <urn:Woman> . \n"
                + "  <urn:Mary> a <urn:Parent> . \n"
                + "}}";
        Update update = conn.prepareUpdate(QueryLanguage.SPARQL, instances);
        update.execute();
        final String inferQuery = "select distinct ?x { GRAPH <http://updated/test> { ?x a <urn:Mother> }}";
        final String explicitQuery = "select distinct ?x { GRAPH <http://updated/test> {\n"
                + "  { ?x a <urn:Mother> }\n"
                + "  UNION {\n"
                + "    ?x a <urn:Woman> .\n"
                + "    ?x a <urn:Parent> .\n"
                + "  }\n"
                + "}}";
        log.info("Running Explicit Query");
        CountingResultHandler resultHandler = new CountingResultHandler();
        TupleQuery tupleQuery = conn.prepareTupleQuery(QueryLanguage.SPARQL, explicitQuery);
        tupleQuery.evaluate(resultHandler);
        log.info("Result count : " + resultHandler.getCount());
        Validate.isTrue(resultHandler.getCount() == 2);
        log.info("Running Inference-dependant Query");
        resultHandler.resetCount();
        tupleQuery = conn.prepareTupleQuery(QueryLanguage.SPARQL, inferQuery);
        tupleQuery.evaluate(resultHandler);
        log.info("Result count : " + resultHandler.getCount());
        Validate.isTrue(resultHandler.getCount() == 1);
        log.info("Adding owl:intersectionOf Schema");
        // ONTOLOGY - :Mother intersectionOf[:Woman, :Parent]
        final String ontology = "INSERT DATA\n"
                + "{ GRAPH <http://updated/test> {\n"
                + "  <urn:Mother> owl:intersectionOf _:bnode1 . \n"
                + "  _:bnode1 rdf:first <urn:Woman> . \n"
                + "  _:bnode1 rdf:rest _:bnode2 . \n"
                + "  _:bnode2 rdf:first <urn:Parent> . \n"
                + "  _:bnode2 rdf:rest rdf:nil . \n"
               + "}}";
        update = conn.prepareUpdate(QueryLanguage.SPARQL, ontology);
        update.execute();
        log.info("Refreshing InferenceEngine");
        ((RdfCloudTripleStore) sail).getInferenceEngine().refreshGraph();
        log.info("Re-running Inference-dependant Query");
        resultHandler.resetCount();
        resultHandler = new CountingResultHandler();
        tupleQuery = conn.prepareTupleQuery(QueryLanguage.SPARQL, inferQuery);
        tupleQuery.evaluate(resultHandler);
        log.info("Result count : " + resultHandler.getCount());
        Validate.isTrue(resultHandler.getCount() == 2);
    }

    public static void testSomeValuesFromInference(final SailRepositoryConnection conn, final Sail sail) throws MalformedQueryException, RepositoryException,
    UpdateExecutionException, QueryEvaluationException, TupleQueryResultHandlerException, InferenceEngineException {
        final String lubm = "http://swat.cse.lehigh.edu/onto/univ-bench.owl#";
        log.info("Adding Data");
        String insert = "PREFIX lubm: <" + lubm + ">\n"
                + "INSERT DATA { GRAPH <http://updated/test> {\n"
                + "  <urn:Department0> a lubm:Department; lubm:subOrganizationOf <urn:University0> .\n"
                + "  <urn:ResearchGroup0> a lubm:ResearchGroup; lubm:subOrganizationOf <urn:Department0> .\n"
                + "  <urn:Alice> lubm:headOf <urn:Department0> .\n"
                + "  <urn:Bob> lubm:headOf <urn:ResearchGroup0> .\n"
                + "  <urn:Carol> lubm:worksFor <urn:Department0> .\n"
                + "}}";
        Update update = conn.prepareUpdate(QueryLanguage.SPARQL, insert);
        update.execute();
        final String inferQuery = "select distinct ?x { GRAPH <http://updated/test> { ?x a <" + lubm + "Chair> }}";
        final String explicitQuery = "prefix lubm: <" + lubm + ">\n"
                + "select distinct ?x { GRAPH <http://updated/test> {\n"
                + "  { ?x a lubm:Chair }\n"
                + "  UNION\n"
                + "  { ?x lubm:headOf [ a lubm:Department ] }\n"
                + "}}";
        log.info("Running Explicit Query");
        final CountingResultHandler resultHandler = new CountingResultHandler();
        TupleQuery tupleQuery = conn.prepareTupleQuery(QueryLanguage.SPARQL, explicitQuery);
        tupleQuery.evaluate(resultHandler);
        log.info("Result count : " + resultHandler.getCount());
        Validate.isTrue(resultHandler.getCount() == 1);
        log.info("Running Inference-dependent Query");
        resultHandler.resetCount();
        tupleQuery = conn.prepareTupleQuery(QueryLanguage.SPARQL, inferQuery);
        tupleQuery.evaluate(resultHandler);
        log.info("Result count : " + resultHandler.getCount());
        Validate.isTrue(resultHandler.getCount() == 0);
        log.info("Adding owl:someValuesFrom Schema");
        insert = "PREFIX rdfs: <" + RDFS.NAMESPACE + ">\n"
                + "PREFIX owl: <" + OWL.NAMESPACE + ">\n"
                + "PREFIX lubm: <" + lubm + ">\n"
                + "INSERT DATA\n"
                + "{ GRAPH <http://updated/test> {\n"
                + "  lubm:Chair owl:equivalentClass [ owl:onProperty lubm:headOf ; owl:someValuesFrom lubm:Department ] ."
                + "}}";
        update = conn.prepareUpdate(QueryLanguage.SPARQL, insert);
        update.execute();
        log.info("Refreshing InferenceEngine");
        ((RdfCloudTripleStore) sail).getInferenceEngine().refreshGraph();
        log.info("Re-running Inference-dependent Query");
        resultHandler.resetCount();
        tupleQuery = conn.prepareTupleQuery(QueryLanguage.SPARQL, inferQuery);
        tupleQuery.evaluate(resultHandler);
        log.info("Result count : " + resultHandler.getCount());
        Validate.isTrue(resultHandler.getCount() == 1);
    }

    public static void testAllValuesFromInference(final SailRepositoryConnection conn, final Sail sail) throws MalformedQueryException, RepositoryException,
    UpdateExecutionException, QueryEvaluationException, TupleQueryResultHandlerException, InferenceEngineException {
        log.info("Adding Data");
        String insert = "INSERT DATA\n"
                + "{ GRAPH <http://updated/test> {\n"
                + "  <urn:Alice> a <urn:Person> .\n"
                + "  <urn:Alice> <urn:hasParent> <urn:Bob> .\n"
                + "  <urn:Carol> <urn:hasParent> <urn:Dan> .\n"
                + "}}";
        Update update = conn.prepareUpdate(QueryLanguage.SPARQL, insert);
        update.execute();
        final String inferQuery = "select distinct ?x { GRAPH <http://updated/test> { ?x a <urn:Person> }}";
        final String explicitQuery = "select distinct ?x { GRAPH <http://updated/test> {\n"
                + "  { ?x a <urn:Person> }\n"
                + "  UNION {\n"
                + "    ?y a <urn:Person> .\n"
                + "    ?y <urn:hasParent> ?x .\n"
                + "  }\n"
                + "}}";
        log.info("Running Explicit Query");
        final CountingResultHandler resultHandler = new CountingResultHandler();
        TupleQuery tupleQuery = conn.prepareTupleQuery(QueryLanguage.SPARQL, explicitQuery);
        tupleQuery.evaluate(resultHandler);
        log.info("Result count : " + resultHandler.getCount());
        Validate.isTrue(resultHandler.getCount() == 2);
        log.info("Running Inference-dependent Query");
        resultHandler.resetCount();
        tupleQuery = conn.prepareTupleQuery(QueryLanguage.SPARQL, inferQuery);
        tupleQuery.evaluate(resultHandler);
        log.info("Result count : " + resultHandler.getCount());
        Validate.isTrue(resultHandler.getCount() == 1);
        log.info("Adding owl:allValuesFrom Schema");
        insert = "PREFIX rdfs: <" + RDFS.NAMESPACE + ">\n"
                + "PREFIX owl: <" + OWL.NAMESPACE + ">\n"
                + "INSERT DATA\n"
                + "{ GRAPH <http://updated/test> {\n"
                + "  <urn:Person> rdfs:subClassOf [ owl:onProperty <urn:hasParent> ; owl:allValuesFrom <urn:Person> ] ."
                + "}}";
        update = conn.prepareUpdate(QueryLanguage.SPARQL, insert);
        update.execute();
        log.info("Refreshing InferenceEngine");
        ((RdfCloudTripleStore) sail).getInferenceEngine().refreshGraph();
        log.info("Re-running Inference-dependent Query");
        resultHandler.resetCount();
        tupleQuery = conn.prepareTupleQuery(QueryLanguage.SPARQL, inferQuery);
        tupleQuery.evaluate(resultHandler);
        log.info("Result count : " + resultHandler.getCount());
        Validate.isTrue(resultHandler.getCount() == 2);
    }

    public static void testOneOfInference(final SailRepositoryConnection conn, final Sail sail) throws MalformedQueryException, RepositoryException, UpdateExecutionException, QueryEvaluationException, TupleQueryResultHandlerException, InferenceEngineException {
        log.info("Adding Data");
        final String instances = "INSERT DATA"
                + "{ GRAPH <http://updated/test> {\n"
                + "  <urn:FlopCard1> a <urn:Card> . \n"
                + "    <urn:FlopCard1> <urn:HasRank> <urn:Ace> . \n"
                + "    <urn:FlopCard1> <urn:HasSuit> <urn:Diamonds> . \n"
                + "  <urn:FlopCard2> a <urn:Card> . \n"
                + "    <urn:FlopCard2> <urn:HasRank> <urn:Ace> . \n"
                + "    <urn:FlopCard2> <urn:HasSuit> <urn:Hearts> . \n"
                + "  <urn:FlopCard3> a <urn:Card> . \n"
                + "    <urn:FlopCard3> <urn:HasRank> <urn:King> . \n"
                + "    <urn:FlopCard3> <urn:HasSuit> <urn:Spades> . \n"
                + "  <urn:TurnCard> a <urn:Card> . \n"
                + "    <urn:TurnCard> <urn:HasRank> <urn:10> . \n"
                + "    <urn:TurnCard> <urn:HasSuit> <urn:Clubs> . \n"
                + "  <urn:RiverCard> a <urn:Card> . \n"
                + "    <urn:RiverCard> <urn:HasRank> <urn:Queen> . \n"
                + "    <urn:RiverCard> <urn:HasSuit> <urn:Hearts> . \n"
                + "}}";
        Update update = conn.prepareUpdate(QueryLanguage.SPARQL, instances);
        update.execute();
        final String explicitQuery = "select distinct ?card { GRAPH <http://updated/test> {\n"
                + "  ?card a <urn:Card> . \n"
                + "  VALUES ?suit { <urn:Clubs> <urn:Diamonds> <urn:Hearts> <urn:Spades> } . \n"
                + "  ?card <urn:HasSuit> ?suit . \n"
                + "}}";
        log.info("Running Explicit Query");
        CountingResultHandler resultHandler = new CountingResultHandler();
        TupleQuery tupleQuery = conn.prepareTupleQuery(QueryLanguage.SPARQL, explicitQuery);
        tupleQuery.evaluate(resultHandler);
        log.info("Result count : " + resultHandler.getCount());
        Validate.isTrue(resultHandler.getCount() == 5);
        log.info("Adding owl:oneOf Schema");
        // ONTOLOGY - :Suits oneOf (:Clubs, :Diamonds, :Hearts, :Spades)
        // ONTOLOGY - :Ranks oneOf (:Ace, :1, :2, :3, :4, :5, :6, :7, :8, :9, :10, :Jack, :Queen, :King)
        final String ontology = "INSERT DATA { GRAPH <http://updated/test> {\n"
                + "  <urn:Suits> owl:oneOf _:bnodeS1 . \n"
                + "  _:bnodeS1 rdf:first <urn:Clubs> . \n"
                + "  _:bnodeS1 rdf:rest _:bnodeS2 . \n"
                + "  _:bnodeS2 rdf:first <urn:Diamonds> . \n"
                + "  _:bnodeS2 rdf:rest _:bnodeS3 . \n"
                + "  _:bnodeS3 rdf:first <urn:Hearts> . \n"
                + "  _:bnodeS3 rdf:rest _:bnodeS4 . \n"
                + "  _:bnodeS4 rdf:first <urn:Spades> . \n"
                + "  _:bnodeS4 rdf:rest rdf:nil . \n"
                + "  <urn:Ranks> owl:oneOf _:bnodeR1 . \n"
                + "  _:bnodeR1 rdf:first <urn:Ace> . \n"
                + "  _:bnodeR1 rdf:rest _:bnodeR2 . \n"
                + "  _:bnodeR2 rdf:first <urn:2> . \n"
                + "  _:bnodeR2 rdf:rest _:bnodeR3 . \n"
                + "  _:bnodeR3 rdf:first <urn:3> . \n"
                + "  _:bnodeR3 rdf:rest _:bnodeR4 . \n"
                + "  _:bnodeR4 rdf:first <urn:4> . \n"
                + "  _:bnodeR4 rdf:rest _:bnodeR5 . \n"
                + "  _:bnodeR5 rdf:first <urn:5> . \n"
                + "  _:bnodeR5 rdf:rest _:bnodeR6 . \n"
                + "  _:bnodeR6 rdf:first <urn:6> . \n"
                + "  _:bnodeR6 rdf:rest _:bnodeR7 . \n"
                + "  _:bnodeR7 rdf:first <urn:7> . \n"
                + "  _:bnodeR7 rdf:rest _:bnodeR8 . \n"
                + "  _:bnodeR8 rdf:first <urn:8> . \n"
                + "  _:bnodeR8 rdf:rest _:bnodeR9 . \n"
                + "  _:bnodeR9 rdf:first <urn:9> . \n"
                + "  _:bnodeR9 rdf:rest _:bnodeR10 . \n"
                + "  _:bnodeR10 rdf:first <urn:10> . \n"
                + "  _:bnodeR10 rdf:rest _:bnodeR11 . \n"
                + "  _:bnodeR11 rdf:first <urn:Jack> . \n"
                + "  _:bnodeR11 rdf:rest _:bnodeR12 . \n"
                + "  _:bnodeR12 rdf:first <urn:Queen> . \n"
                + "  _:bnodeR12 rdf:rest _:bnodeR13 . \n"
                + "  _:bnodeR13 rdf:first <urn:King> . \n"
                + "  _:bnodeR13 rdf:rest rdf:nil . \n"
                + "  <urn:Card> owl:intersectionOf (\n"
                + "    [ owl:onProperty <urn:HasRank> ; owl:someValuesFrom <urn:Ranks> ]\n"
                + "    [ owl:onProperty <urn:HasSuit> ; owl:someValuesFrom <urn:Suits> ]\n"
                + "  ) . \n"
                + "  <urn:HasRank> owl:range <urn:Ranks> . \n"
                + "  <urn:HasSuit> owl:range <urn:Suits> . \n"
                + "}}";
        update = conn.prepareUpdate(QueryLanguage.SPARQL, ontology);
        update.execute();
        log.info("Running Inference-dependent Query without refreshing InferenceEngine");
        resultHandler.resetCount();
        final String inferQuery = "select distinct ?card { GRAPH <http://updated/test> {\n"
                + "  ?card a <urn:Card> . \n"
                + "  ?suit a <urn:Suits> . \n"
                + "  ?card <urn:HasSuit> ?suit . \n"
                + "}}";
        tupleQuery = conn.prepareTupleQuery(QueryLanguage.SPARQL, inferQuery);
        tupleQuery.evaluate(resultHandler);
        log.info("Result count : " + resultHandler.getCount());
        Validate.isTrue(resultHandler.getCount() == 0);
        log.info("Refreshing InferenceEngine");
        ((RdfCloudTripleStore) sail).getInferenceEngine().refreshGraph();
        log.info("Re-running Inference-dependent Query");
        resultHandler.resetCount();
        resultHandler = new CountingResultHandler();
        tupleQuery = conn.prepareTupleQuery(QueryLanguage.SPARQL, inferQuery);
        tupleQuery.evaluate(resultHandler);
        log.info("Result count : " + resultHandler.getCount());
        Validate.isTrue(resultHandler.getCount() == 5);
    }

    public static void testInfer(final SailRepositoryConnection conn, final Sail sail) throws MalformedQueryException, RepositoryException,
    UpdateExecutionException, QueryEvaluationException, TupleQueryResultHandlerException, InferenceEngineException {

        // Add data
        String query = "INSERT DATA\n"//
                + "{ \n"//
                + " <http://acme.com/people/Mike> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <urn:type1>.  "
                + " <urn:type1> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf> <urn:superclass>.  }";

        log.info("Performing Query");

        final Update update = conn.prepareUpdate(QueryLanguage.SPARQL, query);
        update.execute();

        // refresh the graph for inferencing (otherwise there is a five minute wait)
        ((RdfCloudTripleStore) sail).getInferenceEngine().refreshGraph();

        query = "select ?s { ?s <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <urn:superclass> . }";
        final CountingResultHandler resultHandler = new CountingResultHandler();
        final TupleQuery tupleQuery = conn.prepareTupleQuery(QueryLanguage.SPARQL, query);
        tupleQuery.evaluate(resultHandler);
        log.info("Result count : " + resultHandler.getCount());

        Validate.isTrue(resultHandler.getCount() == 1);

        resultHandler.resetCount();
    }

    public static void testAddNamespaces(final SailRepositoryConnection conn) throws MalformedQueryException, RepositoryException,
    UpdateExecutionException, QueryEvaluationException, TupleQueryResultHandlerException {

        conn.setNamespace("rya", "http://rya.com");
        final RepositoryResult<Namespace> results = conn.getNamespaces();
        for (final Namespace space : Iterations.asList(results)){
            System.out.println(space.getName() + ", " + space.getPrefix());
        }
    }

    public static void testAddAndDeleteNoContext(final SailRepositoryConnection conn) throws MalformedQueryException, RepositoryException,
    UpdateExecutionException, QueryEvaluationException, TupleQueryResultHandlerException {

        // Add data
        String query = "INSERT DATA\n"//
                + "{ \n"//
                + "  <http://acme.com/people/Mike> " //
                + "       <http://acme.com/actions/likes> \"A new book\" ;\n"//
                + "       <http://acme.com/actions/likes> \"Avocados\" .\n" + " }";

        log.info("Performing Query");

        Update update = conn.prepareUpdate(QueryLanguage.SPARQL, query);
        update.execute();

        query = "select ?p ?o {<http://acme.com/people/Mike> ?p ?o . }";
        final CountingResultHandler resultHandler = new CountingResultHandler();
        TupleQuery tupleQuery = conn.prepareTupleQuery(QueryLanguage.SPARQL, query);
        tupleQuery.evaluate(resultHandler);
        log.info("Result count : " + resultHandler.getCount());

        Validate.isTrue(resultHandler.getCount() == 2);

        resultHandler.resetCount();

        // Delete Data
        query = "DELETE DATA\n" //
                + "{ \n"
                + "  <http://acme.com/people/Mike> <http://acme.com/actions/likes> \"A new book\" ;\n"
                + "   <http://acme.com/actions/likes> \"Avocados\" .\n" + "}";

        update = conn.prepareUpdate(QueryLanguage.SPARQL, query);
        update.execute();

        query = "select ?p ?o { {<http://acme.com/people/Mike> ?p ?o . }}";
        tupleQuery = conn.prepareTupleQuery(QueryLanguage.SPARQL, query);
        tupleQuery.evaluate(resultHandler);
        log.info("Result count : " + resultHandler.getCount());

        Validate.isTrue(resultHandler.getCount() == 0);
    }

    private static class CountingResultHandler implements TupleQueryResultHandler {
        private int count = 0;

        public int getCount() {
            return count;
        }

        public void resetCount() {
            count = 0;
        }

        @Override
        public void startQueryResult(final List<String> arg0) throws TupleQueryResultHandlerException {
        }

        @Override
        public void handleSolution(final BindingSet arg0) throws TupleQueryResultHandlerException {
            count++;
            System.out.println(arg0);
        }

        @Override
        public void endQueryResult() throws TupleQueryResultHandlerException {
        }

        @Override
        public void handleBoolean(final boolean arg0) throws QueryResultHandlerException {
        }

        @Override
        public void handleLinks(final List<String> arg0) throws QueryResultHandlerException {
        }
    }
}