<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Pulsar Python client · Apache Pulsar</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="Pulsar Python client library is a wrapper over the existing [C++ client library](/docs/en/2.6.0/client-libraries-cpp) and exposes all of the [same features](/api/cpp/2.6.0-SNAPSHOT). You can find the code in the [`python` subdirectory](https://github.com/apache/pulsar/tree/master/pulsar-client-cpp/python) of the C++ client code."/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="2.6.0"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Pulsar Python client · Apache Pulsar"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://pulsar.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="Pulsar Python client library is a wrapper over the existing [C++ client library](/docs/en/2.6.0/client-libraries-cpp) and exposes all of the [same features](/api/cpp/2.6.0-SNAPSHOT). You can find the code in the [`python` subdirectory](https://github.com/apache/pulsar/tree/master/pulsar-client-cpp/python) of the C++ client code."/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://pulsar.apache.org/img/pulsar.svg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/pulsar.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://pulsar.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache Pulsar Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://pulsar.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache Pulsar Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/code-blocks-buttons.css"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/clipboard.js/2.0.0/clipboard.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="/js/custom.js"></script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/en"><img class="logo" src="/img/pulsar.svg" alt="Apache Pulsar"/></a><a href="/en/versions"><h3>2.6.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class="siteNavGroupActive"><a href="/docs/en/2.6.0/getting-started-standalone" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/en/download" target="_self">Download</a></li><li class="siteNavGroupActive"><a href="/docs/en/2.6.0/client-libraries" target="_self">Clients</a></li><li class=""><a href="#restapis" target="_self">REST APIs</a></li><li class=""><a href="#cli" target="_self">Cli</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">Blog</a></li><li class=""><a href="#community" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="#apache" target="_self">Apache</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://pulsar-next.staged.apache.org/" target="_self">New Website (Beta)</a></li><span><li><a id="languages-menu" href="#"><img class="languages-icon" src="/img/language.svg" alt="Languages icon"/>English</a><div id="languages-dropdown" class="hide"><ul id="languages-dropdown-items"><li><a href="/docs/ja/2.6.0/client-libraries-python">日本語</a></li><li><a href="/docs/fr/2.6.0/client-libraries-python">Français</a></li><li><a href="/docs/ko/2.6.0/client-libraries-python">한국어</a></li><li><a href="/docs/zh-CN/2.6.0/client-libraries-python">中文</a></li><li><a href="/docs/zh-TW/2.6.0/client-libraries-python">繁體中文</a></li><li><a href="https://crowdin.com/project/apache-pulsar" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Help Translate</a></li></ul></div></li><script>
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class="navItem" href="/docs/en/2.6.0/cookbooks-tiered-storage">Tiered Storage</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/en/2.6.0/cookbooks-compaction">Topic compaction</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/en/2.6.0/cookbooks-deduplication">Message deduplication</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/en/2.6.0/cookbooks-non-persistent">Non-persistent messaging</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/en/2.6.0/cookbooks-partitioned">Partitioned Topics</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/en/2.6.0/cookbooks-retention-expiry">Message retention and expiry</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/en/2.6.0/cookbooks-encryption">Encryption</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/en/2.6.0/cookbooks-message-queue">Message queue</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/en/2.6.0/cookbooks-bookkeepermetadata">BookKeeper Ledger Metadata</a></li></ul></div><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle">Development</h3><ul class=""><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/en/2.6.0/develop-tools">Simulation tools</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/en/2.6.0/developing-binary-protocol">Binary protocol</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/en/2.6.0/develop-schema">Custom schema storage</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/en/2.6.0/develop-load-manager">Modular load manager</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/en/2.6.0/develop-cpp">Building Pulsar C++ client</a></li></ul></div><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle">Reference</h3><ul class=""><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/en/2.6.0/reference-terminology">Terminology</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/en/2.6.0/reference-cli-tools">Pulsar CLI tools</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/en/2.6.0/reference-configuration">Pulsar configuration</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/en/2.6.0/reference-metrics">Pulsar Metrics</a></li></ul></div></div></section></div><script>
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<p>All the methods in producer, consumer, and reader of a Python client are thread-safe.</p>
<p><a href="https://github.com/BurntSushi/pdoc">pdoc</a>-generated API docs for the Python client are available <a href="/api/python/2.6.0-SNAPSHOT">here</a>.</p>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="install"></a><a href="#install" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Install</h2>
<p>You can install the <a href="https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pulsar-client"><code>pulsar-client</code></a> library either via <a href="https://pypi.python.org/pypi">PyPi</a>, using <a href="#installation-using-pip">pip</a>, or by building the library from source.</p>
<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="install-using-pip"></a><a href="#install-using-pip" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Install using pip</h3>
<p>To install the <code>pulsar-client</code> library as a pre-built package using the <a href="https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/">pip</a> package manager:</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> pip install pulsar-client==2.6.0</span>
</code></pre>
<p>Installation via PyPi is available for the following Python versions:</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr><th style="text-align:left">Platform</th><th style="text-align:left">Supported Python versions</th></tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">MacOS <br />  10.13 (High Sierra), 10.14 (Mojave) <br /></td><td style="text-align:left">2.7, 3.7</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Linux</td><td style="text-align:left">2.7, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="install-from-source"></a><a href="#install-from-source" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Install from source</h3>
<p>To install the <code>pulsar-client</code> library by building from source, follow <a href="/docs/en/2.6.0/client-libraries-cpp#compilation">instructions</a> and compile the Pulsar C++ client library. That builds the Python binding for the library.</p>
<p>To install the built Python bindings:</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> git <span class="hljs-built_in">clone</span> https://github.com/apache/pulsar</span>
<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">cd</span> pulsar/pulsar-client-cpp/python</span>
<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> sudo python setup.py install</span>
</code></pre>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="api-reference"></a><a href="#api-reference" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>API Reference</h2>
<p>The complete Python API reference is available at <a href="/api/python/2.6.0-SNAPSHOT">api/python</a>.</p>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="examples"></a><a href="#examples" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Examples</h2>
<p>You can find a variety of Python code examples for the <code>pulsar-client</code> library.</p>
<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="producer-example"></a><a href="#producer-example" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Producer example</h3>
<p>The following example creates a Python producer for the <code>my-topic</code> topic and sends 10 messages on that topic:</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> pulsar

client = pulsar.Client(<span class="hljs-string">'pulsar://localhost:6650'</span>)

producer = client.create_producer(<span class="hljs-string">'my-topic'</span>)

<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> i <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(<span class="hljs-number">10</span>):
    producer.send((<span class="hljs-string">'Hello-%d'</span> % i).encode(<span class="hljs-string">'utf-8'</span>))

client.close()
</code></pre>
<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="consumer-example"></a><a href="#consumer-example" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Consumer example</h3>
<p>The following example creates a consumer with the <code>my-subscription</code> subscription name on the <code>my-topic</code> topic, receives incoming messages, prints the content and ID of messages that arrive, and acknowledges each message to the Pulsar broker.</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> pulsar

client = pulsar.Client(<span class="hljs-string">'pulsar://localhost:6650'</span>)

consumer = client.subscribe(<span class="hljs-string">'my-topic'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'my-subscription'</span>)

<span class="hljs-keyword">while</span> <span class="hljs-literal">True</span>:
    msg = consumer.receive()
    <span class="hljs-keyword">try</span>:
        print(<span class="hljs-string">"Received message '{}' id='{}'"</span>.format(msg.data(), msg.message_id()))
        <span class="hljs-comment"># Acknowledge successful processing of the message</span>
        consumer.acknowledge(msg)
    <span class="hljs-keyword">except</span>:
        <span class="hljs-comment"># Message failed to be processed</span>
        consumer.negative_acknowledge(msg)

client.close()
</code></pre>
<p>This example shows how to configure negative acknowledgement.</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> pulsar <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> Client, schema
client = Client(<span class="hljs-string">'pulsar://localhost:6650'</span>)
consumer = client.subscribe(<span class="hljs-string">'negative_acks'</span>,<span class="hljs-string">'test'</span>,schema=schema.StringSchema())
producer = client.create_producer(<span class="hljs-string">'negative_acks'</span>,schema=schema.StringSchema())
<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> i <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(<span class="hljs-number">10</span>):
    print(<span class="hljs-string">'send msg "hello-%d"'</span> % i)
    producer.send_async(<span class="hljs-string">'hello-%d'</span> % i, callback=<span class="hljs-literal">None</span>)
producer.flush()
<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> i <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(<span class="hljs-number">10</span>):
    msg = consumer.receive()
    consumer.negative_acknowledge(msg)
    print(<span class="hljs-string">'receive and nack msg "%s"'</span> % msg.data())
<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> i <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(<span class="hljs-number">10</span>):
    msg = consumer.receive()
    consumer.acknowledge(msg)
    print(<span class="hljs-string">'receive and ack msg "%s"'</span> % msg.data())
<span class="hljs-keyword">try</span>:
    <span class="hljs-comment"># No more messages expected</span>
    msg = consumer.receive(<span class="hljs-number">100</span>)
<span class="hljs-keyword">except</span>:
    print(<span class="hljs-string">"no more msg"</span>)
    <span class="hljs-keyword">pass</span>
</code></pre>
<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="reader-interface-example"></a><a href="#reader-interface-example" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Reader interface example</h3>
<p>You can use the Pulsar Python API to use the Pulsar <a href="/docs/en/2.6.0/concepts-clients#reader-interface">reader interface</a>. Here's an example:</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-comment"># MessageId taken from a previously fetched message</span>
msg_id = msg.message_id()

reader = client.create_reader(<span class="hljs-string">'my-topic'</span>, msg_id)

<span class="hljs-keyword">while</span> <span class="hljs-literal">True</span>:
    msg = reader.read_next()
    print(<span class="hljs-string">"Received message '{}' id='{}'"</span>.format(msg.data(), msg.message_id()))
    <span class="hljs-comment"># No acknowledgment</span>
</code></pre>
<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="multi-topic-subscriptions"></a><a href="#multi-topic-subscriptions" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Multi-topic subscriptions</h3>
<p>In addition to subscribing a consumer to a single Pulsar topic, you can also subscribe to multiple topics simultaneously. To use multi-topic subscriptions, you can supply a regular expression (regex) or a <code>List</code> of topics. If you select topics via regex, all topics must be within the same Pulsar namespace.</p>
<p>The following is an example.</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> re
consumer = client.subscribe(re.compile(<span class="hljs-string">'persistent://public/default/topic-*'</span>), <span class="hljs-string">'my-subscription'</span>)
<span class="hljs-keyword">while</span> <span class="hljs-literal">True</span>:
    msg = consumer.receive()
    <span class="hljs-keyword">try</span>:
        print(<span class="hljs-string">"Received message '{}' id='{}'"</span>.format(msg.data(), msg.message_id()))
        <span class="hljs-comment"># Acknowledge successful processing of the message</span>
        consumer.acknowledge(msg)
    <span class="hljs-keyword">except</span>:
        <span class="hljs-comment"># Message failed to be processed</span>
        consumer.negative_acknowledge(msg)
client.close()
</code></pre>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="schema"></a><a href="#schema" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Schema</h2>
<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="declare-and-validate-schema"></a><a href="#declare-and-validate-schema" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Declare and validate schema</h3>
<p>You can declare a schema by passing a class that inherits
from <code>pulsar.schema.Record</code> and defines the fields as
class variables. For example:</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> pulsar.schema <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> *

<span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">Example</span><span class="hljs-params">(Record)</span>:</span>
    a = String()
    b = Integer()
    c = Boolean()
</code></pre>
<p>With this simple schema definition, you can create producers, consumers and readers instances that refer to that.</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-python">producer = client.create_producer(
                    topic=<span class="hljs-string">'my-topic'</span>,
                    schema=AvroSchema(Example) )

producer.send(Example(a=<span class="hljs-string">'Hello'</span>, b=<span class="hljs-number">1</span>))
</code></pre>
<p>After creating the producer, the Pulsar broker validates that the existing topic schema is indeed of &quot;Avro&quot; type and that the format is compatible with the schema definition of the <code>Example</code> class.</p>
<p>If there is a mismatch, an exception occurs in the producer creation.</p>
<p>Once a producer is created with a certain schema definition,
it will only accept objects that are instances of the declared
schema class.</p>
<p>Similarly, for a consumer/reader, the consumer will return an
object, instance of the schema record class, rather than the raw
bytes:</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-python">consumer = client.subscribe(
                  topic=<span class="hljs-string">'my-topic'</span>,
                  subscription_name=<span class="hljs-string">'my-subscription'</span>,
                  schema=AvroSchema(Example) )

<span class="hljs-keyword">while</span> <span class="hljs-literal">True</span>:
    msg = consumer.receive()
    ex = msg.value()
    <span class="hljs-keyword">try</span>:
        print(<span class="hljs-string">"Received message a={} b={} c={}"</span>.format(ex.a, ex.b, ex.c))
        <span class="hljs-comment"># Acknowledge successful processing of the message</span>
        consumer.acknowledge(msg)
    <span class="hljs-keyword">except</span>:
        <span class="hljs-comment"># Message failed to be processed</span>
        consumer.negative_acknowledge(msg)
</code></pre>
<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="supported-schema-types"></a><a href="#supported-schema-types" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Supported schema types</h3>
<p>You can use different builtin schema types in Pulsar. All the definitions are in the <code>pulsar.schema</code> package.</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr><th>Schema</th><th>Notes</th></tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr><td><code>BytesSchema</code></td><td>Get the raw payload as a <code>bytes</code> object. No serialization/deserialization are performed. This is the default schema mode</td></tr>
<tr><td><code>StringSchema</code></td><td>Encode/decode payload as a UTF-8 string. Uses <code>str</code> objects</td></tr>
<tr><td><code>JsonSchema</code></td><td>Require record definition. Serializes the record into standard JSON payload</td></tr>
<tr><td><code>AvroSchema</code></td><td>Require record definition. Serializes in AVRO format</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="schema-definition-reference"></a><a href="#schema-definition-reference" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Schema definition reference</h3>
<p>The schema definition is done through a class that inherits from <code>pulsar.schema.Record</code>.</p>
<p>This class has a number of fields which can be of either
<code>pulsar.schema.Field</code> type or another nested <code>Record</code>. All the
fields are specified in the <code>pulsar.schema</code> package. The fields
are matching the AVRO fields types.</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr><th>Field Type</th><th>Python Type</th><th>Notes</th></tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr><td><code>Boolean</code></td><td><code>bool</code></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td><code>Integer</code></td><td><code>int</code></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td><code>Long</code></td><td><code>int</code></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td><code>Float</code></td><td><code>float</code></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td><code>Double</code></td><td><code>float</code></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td><code>Bytes</code></td><td><code>bytes</code></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td><code>String</code></td><td><code>str</code></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td><code>Array</code></td><td><code>list</code></td><td>Need to specify record type for items.</td></tr>
<tr><td><code>Map</code></td><td><code>dict</code></td><td>Key is always <code>String</code>. Need to specify value type.</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Additionally, any Python <code>Enum</code> type can be used as a valid field type.</p>
<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="fields-parameters"></a><a href="#fields-parameters" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Fields parameters</h4>
<p>When adding a field, you can use these parameters in the constructor.</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr><th>Argument</th><th>Default</th><th>Notes</th></tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr><td><code>default</code></td><td><code>None</code></td><td>Set a default value for the field. Eg: <code>a = Integer(default=5)</code></td></tr>
<tr><td><code>required</code></td><td><code>False</code></td><td>Mark the field as &quot;required&quot;. It is set in the schema accordingly.</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="schema-definition-examples"></a><a href="#schema-definition-examples" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Schema definition examples</h4>
<h5><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="simple-definition"></a><a href="#simple-definition" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Simple definition</h5>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">Example</span><span class="hljs-params">(Record)</span>:</span>
    a = String()
    b = Integer()
    c = Array(String())
    i = Map(String())
</code></pre>
<h5><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="using-enums"></a><a href="#using-enums" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Using enums</h5>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> enum <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> Enum

<span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">Color</span><span class="hljs-params">(Enum)</span>:</span>
    red = <span class="hljs-number">1</span>
    green = <span class="hljs-number">2</span>
    blue = <span class="hljs-number">3</span>

<span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">Example</span><span class="hljs-params">(Record)</span>:</span>
    name = String()
    color = Color
</code></pre>
<h5><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="complex-types"></a><a href="#complex-types" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Complex types</h5>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">MySubRecord</span><span class="hljs-params">(Record)</span>:</span>
    x = Integer()
    y = Long()
    z = String()

<span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">Example</span><span class="hljs-params">(Record)</span>:</span>
    a = String()
    sub = MySubRecord()
</code></pre>
</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/en/2.6.0/client-libraries-go"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Go</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/en/2.6.0/client-libraries-cpp"><span>C++</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#install">Install</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#install-using-pip">Install using pip</a></li><li><a href="#install-from-source">Install from source</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#api-reference">API Reference</a></li><li><a href="#examples">Examples</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#producer-example">Producer example</a></li><li><a href="#consumer-example">Consumer example</a></li><li><a href="#reader-interface-example">Reader interface example</a></li><li><a href="#multi-topic-subscriptions">Multi-topic subscriptions</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#schema">Schema</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#declare-and-validate-schema">Declare and validate schema</a></li><li><a href="#supported-schema-types">Supported schema types</a></li><li><a href="#schema-definition-reference">Schema definition reference</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="copyright">Copyright © 2022 The Apache Software Foundation. All Rights Reserved. Apache, Apache Pulsar and the Apache feather logo are trademarks of The Apache Software Foundation.</section><span><script>
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