<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Authentication and authorization in Pulsar · Apache Pulsar</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="In Pulsar, the [authentication provider](/docs/en/2.4.2/security-overview#authentication-providers) is responsible for properly identifying clients and associating the clients with [role tokens](/docs/en/2.4.2/security-overview#role-tokens). If you only enable authentication, an authenticated role token has the ability to access all resources in the cluster. *Authorization* is the process that determines *what* clients are able to do."/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="2.4.2"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Authentication and authorization in Pulsar · Apache Pulsar"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://pulsar.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="In Pulsar, the [authentication provider](/docs/en/2.4.2/security-overview#authentication-providers) is responsible for properly identifying clients and associating the clients with [role tokens](/docs/en/2.4.2/security-overview#role-tokens). If you only enable authentication, an authenticated role token has the ability to access all resources in the cluster. *Authorization* is the process that determines *what* clients are able to do."/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://pulsar.apache.org/img/pulsar.svg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/pulsar.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://pulsar.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache Pulsar Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://pulsar.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache Pulsar Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/code-blocks-buttons.css"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/clipboard.js/2.0.0/clipboard.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="/js/custom.js"></script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/en"><img class="logo" src="/img/pulsar.svg" alt="Apache Pulsar"/></a><a href="/en/versions"><h3>2.4.2</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class="siteNavGroupActive"><a href="/docs/en/2.4.2/getting-started-standalone" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/en/download" target="_self">Download</a></li><li class="siteNavGroupActive"><a href="/docs/en/2.4.2/client-libraries" target="_self">Clients</a></li><li class=""><a href="#restapis" target="_self">REST APIs</a></li><li class=""><a href="#cli" target="_self">Cli</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">Blog</a></li><li class=""><a href="#community" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="#apache" target="_self">Apache</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://pulsar-next.staged.apache.org/" target="_self">New Website (Beta)</a></li><span><li><a id="languages-menu" href="#"><img class="languages-icon" src="/img/language.svg" alt="Languages icon"/>English</a><div id="languages-dropdown" class="hide"><ul id="languages-dropdown-items"><li><a href="/docs/ja/2.4.2/security-authorization">日本語</a></li><li><a href="/docs/fr/2.4.2/security-authorization">Français</a></li><li><a href="/docs/ko/2.4.2/security-authorization">한국어</a></li><li><a href="/docs/zh-CN/2.4.2/security-authorization">中文</a></li><li><a href="/docs/zh-TW/2.4.2/security-authorization">繁體中文</a></li><li><a href="https://crowdin.com/project/apache-pulsar" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Help Translate</a></li></ul></div></li><script>
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<p>The role tokens with the most privileges are the <em>superusers</em>. The <em>superusers</em> can create and destroy tenants, along with having full access to all tenant resources.</p>
<p>When a superuser creates a <a href="/docs/en/2.4.2/reference-terminology#tenant">tenant</a>, that tenant is assigned an admin role. A client with the admin role token can then create, modify and destroy namespaces, and grant and revoke permissions to <em>other role tokens</em> on those namespaces.</p>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="broker-and-proxy-setup"></a><a href="#broker-and-proxy-setup" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Broker and Proxy Setup</h2>
<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="enable-authorization-and-assign-superusers"></a><a href="#enable-authorization-and-assign-superusers" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Enable authorization and assign superusers</h3>
<p>You can enable the authorization and assign the superusers in the broker (<a href="/docs/en/2.4.2/reference-configuration#broker"><code>conf/broker.conf</code></a>) configuration files.</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-properties"><span class="hljs-attr">authorizationEnabled</span>=<span class="hljs-string">true</span>
<span class="hljs-attr">superUserRoles</span>=<span class="hljs-string">my-super-user-1,my-super-user-2</span>
</code></pre>
<blockquote>
<p>A full list of parameters is available in the <code>conf/broker.conf</code> file.
You can also find the default values for those parameters in <a href="/docs/en/2.4.2/reference-configuration#broker">Broker Configuration</a>.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Typically, you can not only use superuser roles for administrators and clients but also for broker-to-broker authorization. When you use <a href="/docs/en/2.4.2/concepts-replication">geo-replication</a>, every broker needs to be able to publish to all the other topics of clusters.</p>
<p>You can also enable the authorization for the proxy in the proxy configuration file (<code>conf/proxy.conf</code>). Once you enable the authorization on the proxy, the proxy does an additional authorization check before forwarding the request to a broker. The broker still checks the authorization of the request when the broker receives the forwarded request.</p>
<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="proxy-roles"></a><a href="#proxy-roles" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Proxy Roles</h3>
<p>By default, the broker treats the connection between a proxy and the broker as a normal user connection. The broker authenticates the user as the role configured in <code>proxy.conf</code>(see <a href="/docs/en/2.4.2/security-tls-authentication#enable-tls-authentication-on-proxies">&quot;Enable TLS Authentication on Proxies&quot;</a>). However, when the user connects to the cluster through a proxy, the user rarely requires the authentication. The user expects to be able to interact with the cluster as the role for which they have authenticated with the proxy.</p>
<p>Pulsar uses <em>Proxy roles</em> to enable the authentication. Proxy roles are specified in the broker configuration file, <a href="/docs/en/2.4.2/reference-configuration#broker"><code>conf/broker.conf</code></a>. If a client that is authenticated with a broker is one of its <code>proxyRoles</code>, all requests from that client must also carry information about the role of the client that is authenticated with the proxy. This information is called the <em>original principle</em>. If the <em>original principle</em> misses, the client is not able to access anything.</p>
<p>You must authorize the <em>proxy role</em> and the <em>original principle</em> to access a resource. Thus that resource can be accessible via the proxy. Administrators can take two approaches to authorize the <em>proxy role</em> and the <em>original principle</em>.</p>
<p>The more secure approach is to grant access to the proxy roles each time you grant access to a resource. For example, if you have a proxy role named <code>proxy1</code>, when the superuser creates a tenant, you should specify <code>proxy1</code> as one of the admin roles. When a role is granted permissions to produce or consume from a namespace, if that client wants to produce or consume through a proxy, you should also grant <code>proxy1</code> the same permissions.</p>
<p>Another approach is to make the proxy role a superuser. This allows the proxy to access all resources. The client still needs to authenticate with the proxy, and all requests made through the proxy have their role downgraded to the <em>original principal</em> of the authenticated client. However, if the proxy is compromised, a bad actor could get full access to your cluster.</p>
<p>You can specify the roles as proxy roles in <a href="/docs/en/2.4.2/reference-configuration#broker"><code>conf/broker.conf</code></a>.</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-properties"><span class="hljs-attr">proxyRoles</span>=<span class="hljs-string">my-proxy-role</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">
# if you want to allow superusers to use the proxy (see above)</span>
<span class="hljs-attr">superUserRoles</span>=<span class="hljs-string">my-super-user-1,my-super-user-2,my-proxy-role</span>
</code></pre>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="administer-tenants"></a><a href="#administer-tenants" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Administer tenants</h2>
<p>Pulsar <a href="/docs/en/2.4.2/reference-terminology#instance">instance</a> administrators or some kind of self-service portal typically provisions a Pulsar <a href="/docs/en/2.4.2/reference-terminology#tenant">tenant</a>.</p>
<p>You can manage tenants using the <a href="/docs/en/2.4.2/reference-pulsar-admin"><code>pulsar-admin</code></a> tool.</p>
<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="create-a-new-tenant"></a><a href="#create-a-new-tenant" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Create a new tenant</h3>
<p>The following is an example tenant creation command:</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> bin/pulsar-admin tenants create my-tenant \</span>
  --admin-roles my-admin-role \
  --allowed-clusters us-west,us-east
</code></pre>
<p>This command creates a new tenant <code>my-tenant</code> that is allowed to use the clusters <code>us-west</code> and <code>us-east</code>.</p>
<p>A client that successfully identifies itself as having the role <code>my-admin-role</code> is allowed to perform all administrative tasks on this tenant.</p>
<p>The structure of topic names in Pulsar reflects the hierarchy between tenants, clusters, and namespaces:</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">persistent://tenant/namespace/topic
</code></pre>
<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="manage-permissions"></a><a href="#manage-permissions" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Manage permissions</h3>
<p>You can use <a href="/docs/en/2.4.2/admin-api-permissions">Pulsar Admin Tools</a> for managing permission in Pulsar.</p>
<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="pulsar-admin-authentication"></a><a href="#pulsar-admin-authentication" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Pulsar admin authentication</h3>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-java">PulsarAdmin admin = PulsarAdmin.builder()
                    .serviceHttpUrl(<span class="hljs-string">"http://broker:8080"</span>)
                    .authentication(<span class="hljs-string">"com.org.MyAuthPluginClass"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"param1:value1"</span>)
                    .build();
</code></pre>
<p>To use TLS:</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-java">PulsarAdmin admin = PulsarAdmin.builder()
                    .serviceHttpUrl(<span class="hljs-string">"https://broker:8080"</span>)
                    .authentication(<span class="hljs-string">"com.org.MyAuthPluginClass"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"param1:value1"</span>)
                    .tlsTrustCertsFilePath(<span class="hljs-string">"/path/to/trust/cert"</span>)
                    .build();
</code></pre>
</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/en/2.4.2/security-jwt"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Authentication using JWT</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/en/2.4.2/security-encryption"><span>End-to-End Encryption</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#broker-and-proxy-setup">Broker and Proxy Setup</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#enable-authorization-and-assign-superusers">Enable authorization and assign superusers</a></li><li><a href="#proxy-roles">Proxy Roles</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#administer-tenants">Administer tenants</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#create-a-new-tenant">Create a new tenant</a></li><li><a href="#manage-permissions">Manage permissions</a></li><li><a href="#pulsar-admin-authentication">Pulsar admin authentication</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="copyright">Copyright © 2022 The Apache Software Foundation. All Rights Reserved. Apache, Apache Pulsar and the Apache feather logo are trademarks of The Apache Software Foundation.</section><span><script>
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