diff --git a/poi-ooxml/src/main/java/org/apache/poi/ooxml/util/IdentifierManager.java b/poi-ooxml/src/main/java/org/apache/poi/ooxml/util/IdentifierManager.java
index 981727a..7121651 100644
--- a/poi-ooxml/src/main/java/org/apache/poi/ooxml/util/IdentifierManager.java
+++ b/poi-ooxml/src/main/java/org/apache/poi/ooxml/util/IdentifierManager.java
@@ -39,17 +39,15 @@
     public IdentifierManager(long lowerbound, long upperbound) {
         if (lowerbound > upperbound) {
             throw new IllegalArgumentException("lowerbound must not be greater than upperbound, had " + lowerbound + " and " + upperbound);
-        }
-        else if (lowerbound < MIN_ID) {
-            String message = "lowerbound must be greater than or equal to " + Long.toString(MIN_ID);
+        } else if (lowerbound < MIN_ID) {
+            String message = "lowerbound must be greater than or equal to " + MIN_ID;
             throw new IllegalArgumentException(message);
-        }
-        else if (upperbound > MAX_ID) {
+        } else if (upperbound > MAX_ID) {
             /*
              * while MAX_ID is Long.MAX_VALUE, this check is pointless. But if
              * someone subclasses / tweaks the limits, this check is fine.
              */
-            throw new IllegalArgumentException("upperbound must be less than or equal to " + Long.toString(MAX_ID) + " but had " + upperbound);
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("upperbound must be less than or equal to " + MAX_ID + " but had " + upperbound);
         }
         this.lowerbound = lowerbound;
         this.upperbound = upperbound;
@@ -92,25 +90,21 @@
             Segment segment = iter.next();
             if (segment.end < id) {
                 continue;
-            }
-            else if (segment.start > id) {
+            } else if (segment.start > id) {
                 break;
-            }
-            else if (segment.start == id) {
+            } else if (segment.start == id) {
                 segment.start = id + 1;
                 if (segment.end < segment.start) {
                     iter.remove();
                 }
                 return id;
-            }
-            else if (segment.end == id) {
+            } else if (segment.end == id) {
                 segment.end = id - 1;
                 if (segment.start > segment.end) {
                     iter.remove();
                 }
                 return id;
-            }
-            else {
+            } else {
                 iter.add(new Segment(id + 1, segment.end));
                 segment.end = id - 1;
                 return id;
@@ -159,6 +153,13 @@
             }
         }
 
+        // if there are no segments then all are reserved currently
+        // and so we need to mark this id as released now
+        if (segments.isEmpty()) {
+            segments.add(new Segment(id, id));
+            return true;
+        }
+
         if (id == lowerbound) {
             Segment firstSegment = segments.getFirst();
             if (firstSegment.start == lowerbound + 1) {
@@ -189,8 +190,7 @@
             if (segment.start == higher) {
                 segment.start = id;
                 return true;
-            }
-            else if (segment.end == lower) {
+            } else if (segment.end == lower) {
                 segment.end = id;
                 /* check if releasing this elements glues two segments into one */
                 if (iter.hasNext()) {
@@ -201,8 +201,7 @@
                     }
                 }
                 return true;
-            }
-            else {
+            } else {
                 /* id was not reserved, return false */
                 break;
             }
@@ -224,7 +223,8 @@
      */
     private void verifyIdentifiersLeft() {
         if (segments.isEmpty()) {
-            throw new IllegalStateException("No identifiers left");
+            throw new IllegalStateException("No identifiers left for range "
+                    + "[" + lowerbound + "," + upperbound + "]");
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/poi-ooxml/src/test/java/org/apache/poi/util/tests/TestIdentifierManager.java b/poi-ooxml/src/test/java/org/apache/poi/util/tests/TestIdentifierManager.java
index 370b2c3..d239754 100644
--- a/poi-ooxml/src/test/java/org/apache/poi/util/tests/TestIdentifierManager.java
+++ b/poi-ooxml/src/test/java/org/apache/poi/util/tests/TestIdentifierManager.java
@@ -27,8 +27,7 @@
 
 class TestIdentifierManager {
     @Test
-    void testBasic()
-    {
+    void testBasic() {
         IdentifierManager manager = new IdentifierManager(0L,100L);
         assertEquals(101L,manager.getRemainingIdentifiers());
         assertEquals(0L,manager.reserveNew());
@@ -42,6 +41,7 @@
         long min = IdentifierManager.MIN_ID;
         long max = IdentifierManager.MAX_ID;
         IdentifierManager manager = new IdentifierManager(min,max);
+        //noinspection ConstantValue
         assertTrue(max - min + 1 > 0, "Limits lead to a long variable overflow");
         assertTrue(manager.getRemainingIdentifiers() > 0, "Limits lead to a long variable overflow");
         assertEquals(min,manager.reserveNew());
@@ -103,4 +103,60 @@
         assertEquals(11L,manager.reserve(11L));
         assertTrue(manager.release(12L));
     }
+
+    @Test
+    void testBounds() {
+        assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class,
+                () -> new IdentifierManager(1, 0),
+                "Lower bound higher than upper");
+
+        assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class,
+                () -> new IdentifierManager(-1, 0),
+                "Out of lower bound");
+
+        assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class,
+                () -> new IdentifierManager(0, Long.MAX_VALUE),
+                "Out of upper bound");
+
+        IdentifierManager manager = new IdentifierManager(10, 100);
+        assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class,
+                () -> manager.reserve(9),
+                "Reserve out of lower bound");
+        assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class,
+                () -> manager.reserve(101),
+                "Reserve out of upper bound");
+
+        // normal reserving works
+        assertEquals(10, manager.reserve(10));
+        assertEquals(100, manager.reserve(100));
+
+        assertEquals(11, manager.reserve(10));
+        assertEquals(12, manager.reserve(100));
+
+        for (int i = 13; i < 100; i++) {
+            assertEquals(i, manager.reserve(10));
+            assertEquals(100 - i - 1,
+                    manager.getRemainingIdentifiers());
+        }
+
+        // now the manager is exhausted
+        assertThrows(IllegalStateException.class,
+                () -> manager.reserve(10),
+                "No more ids left any more");
+
+        assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class,
+                () -> manager.release(9),
+                "Release out of lower bound");
+        assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class,
+                () -> manager.release(101),
+                "Release out of upper bound");
+
+        for (int i = 10; i < 100; i++) {
+            assertTrue(manager.release(i));
+            assertEquals(i - 10 + 1,
+                    manager.getRemainingIdentifiers());
+        }
+
+        assertEquals(100 - 10, manager.getRemainingIdentifiers());
+    }
 }