diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ed2c749
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+# Whisk
+nginx.conf
+whisk.properties
+default.props
+
+.ant-targets-build.xml
+/results/
+/logs/
+/config/custom-config.xml
+results
+*.retry
+
+# Environments
+/ansible/environments/*
+!/ansible/environments/distributed
+!/ansible/environments/docker-machine
+!/ansible/environments/local
+!/ansible/environments/mac
+
+# Eclipse
+bin/
+**/.project
+.settings/
+.classpath
+.cache-main
+.cache-tests
+
+# Linux
+*~
+
+# Mac
+.DS_Store
+
+# Gradle
+.gradle
+build/
+!/tools/build/
+
+# Python
+.ipynb_checkpoints/
+*.pyc
+
+# NodeJS
+node_modules
+
+# Vagrant
+.vagrant*
+
+# IntelliJ
+.idea
+*.class
+*.iml
+out/
+
+# Ansible
+ansible/environments/docker-machine/hosts
+ansible/db_local.ini*
+ansible/tmp/*
+ansible/roles/nginx/files/openwhisk-client*
+ansible/roles/nginx/files/*.csr
+ansible/roles/nginx/files/*cert.pem
+
+# .zip files must be explicited whitelisted
+*.zip
+!tests/dat/actions/blackbox.zip
+!tests/dat/actions/helloSwift.zip
+!tests/dat/actions/python.zip
+!tests/dat/actions/python2_virtualenv.zip
+!tests/dat/actions/python3_virtualenv.zip
+!tests/dat/actions/python_virtualenv_dir.zip
+!tests/dat/actions/python_virtualenv_name.zip
+!tests/dat/actions/zippedaction.zip
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/LICENSE b/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cb4547d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+
+                                 Apache License
+                           Version 2.0, January 2004
+                        https://www.apache.org/licenses/
+
+   TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION
+
+   1. Definitions.
+
+      "License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction,
+      and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document.
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+
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+      direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or
+      otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the
+      outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.
+
+      "You" (or "Your") shall mean an individual or Legal Entity
+      exercising permissions granted by this License.
+
+      "Source" form shall mean the preferred form for making modifications,
+      including but not limited to software source code, documentation
+      source, and configuration files.
+
+      "Object" form shall mean any form resulting from mechanical
+      transformation or translation of a Source form, including but
+      not limited to compiled object code, generated documentation,
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+
+      "Work" shall mean the work of authorship, whether in Source or
+      Object form, made available under the License, as indicated by a
+      copyright notice that is included in or attached to the work
+      (an example is provided in the Appendix below).
+
+      "Derivative Works" shall mean any work, whether in Source or Object
+      form, that is based on (or derived from) the Work and for which the
+      editorial revisions, annotations, elaborations, or other modifications
+      represent, as a whole, an original work of authorship. For the purposes
+      of this License, Derivative Works shall not include works that remain
+      separable from, or merely link (or bind by name) to the interfaces of,
+      the Work and Derivative Works thereof.
+
+      "Contribution" shall mean any work of authorship, including
+      the original version of the Work and any modifications or additions
+      to that Work or Derivative Works thereof, that is intentionally
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+      communication on electronic mailing lists, source code control systems,
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+      designated in writing by the copyright owner as "Not a Contribution."
+
+      "Contributor" shall mean Licensor and any individual or Legal Entity
+      on behalf of whom a Contribution has been received by Licensor and
+      subsequently incorporated within the Work.
+
+   2. Grant of Copyright License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
+      this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
+      worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
+      copyright license to reproduce, prepare Derivative Works of,
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+      Work and such Derivative Works in Source or Object form.
+
+   3. Grant of Patent License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
+      this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
+      worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
+      (except as stated in this section) patent license to make, have made,
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+      where such license applies only to those patent claims licensable
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+      institute patent litigation against any entity (including a
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+      or a Contribution incorporated within the Work constitutes direct
+      or contributory patent infringement, then any patent licenses
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+      as of the date such litigation is filed.
+
+   4. Redistribution. You may reproduce and distribute copies of the
+      Work or Derivative Works thereof in any medium, with or without
+      modifications, and in Source or Object form, provided that You
+      meet the following conditions:
+
+      (a) You must give any other recipients of the Work or
+          Derivative Works a copy of this License; and
+
+      (b) You must cause any modified files to carry prominent notices
+          stating that You changed the files; and
+
+      (c) You must retain, in the Source form of any Derivative Works
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+
+      (d) If the Work includes a "NOTICE" text file as part of its
+          distribution, then any Derivative Works that You distribute must
+          include a readable copy of the attribution notices contained
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+          pertain to any part of the Derivative Works, in at least one
+          of the following places: within a NOTICE text file distributed
+          as part of the Derivative Works; within the Source form or
+          documentation, if provided along with the Derivative Works; or,
+          within a display generated by the Derivative Works, if and
+          wherever such third-party notices normally appear. The contents
+          of the NOTICE file are for informational purposes only and
+          do not modify the License. You may add Your own attribution
+          notices within Derivative Works that You distribute, alongside
+          or as an addendum to the NOTICE text from the Work, provided
+          that such additional attribution notices cannot be construed
+          as modifying the License.
+
+      You may add Your own copyright statement to Your modifications and
+      may provide additional or different license terms and conditions
+      for use, reproduction, or distribution of Your modifications, or
+      for any such Derivative Works as a whole, provided Your use,
+      reproduction, and distribution of the Work otherwise complies with
+      the conditions stated in this License.
+
+   5. Submission of Contributions. Unless You explicitly state otherwise,
+      any Contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the Work
+      by You to the Licensor shall be under the terms and conditions of
+      this License, without any additional terms or conditions.
+      Notwithstanding the above, nothing herein shall supersede or modify
+      the terms of any separate license agreement you may have executed
+      with Licensor regarding such Contributions.
+
+   6. Trademarks. This License does not grant permission to use the trade
+      names, trademarks, service marks, or product names of the Licensor,
+      except as required for reasonable and customary use in describing the
+      origin of the Work and reproducing the content of the NOTICE file.
+
+   7. Disclaimer of Warranty. Unless required by applicable law or
+      agreed to in writing, Licensor provides the Work (and each
+      Contributor provides its Contributions) on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+      WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
+      implied, including, without limitation, any warranties or conditions
+      of TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, or FITNESS FOR A
+      PARTICULAR PURPOSE. You are solely responsible for determining the
+      appropriateness of using or redistributing the Work and assume any
+      risks associated with Your exercise of permissions under this License.
+
+   8. Limitation of Liability. In no event and under no legal theory,
+      whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise,
+      unless required by applicable law (such as deliberate and grossly
+      negligent acts) or agreed to in writing, shall any Contributor be
+      liable to You for damages, including any direct, indirect, special,
+      incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a
+      result of this License or out of the use or inability to use the
+      Work (including but not limited to damages for loss of goodwill,
+      work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all
+      other commercial damages or losses), even if such Contributor
+      has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
+
+   9. Accepting Warranty or Additional Liability. While redistributing
+      the Work or Derivative Works thereof, You may choose to offer,
+      and charge a fee for, acceptance of support, warranty, indemnity,
+      or other liability obligations and/or rights consistent with this
+      License. However, in accepting such obligations, You may act only
+      on Your own behalf and on Your sole responsibility, not on behalf
+      of any other Contributor, and only if You agree to indemnify,
+      defend, and hold each Contributor harmless for any liability
+      incurred by, or claims asserted against, such Contributor by reason
+      of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability.
+
+   END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+
+   Copyright 2015 Kei Sawada
+
+   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+   You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+       https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+   limitations under the License.
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index cb2a042..e69de29 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-# incubator-openwhisk-runtime-ruby
diff --git a/ansible/environments/local/group_vars/all b/ansible/environments/local/group_vars/all
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1a8251d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ansible/environments/local/group_vars/all
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+whisk_version_name: local
+openwhisk_tmp_dir: "{{ lookup('env', 'OPENWHISK_TMP_DIR')|default('/tmp', true) }}"
+config_root_dir: "{{ openwhisk_tmp_dir }}/wskconf"
+whisk_logs_dir: "{{ openwhisk_tmp_dir }}/wsklogs"
+docker_registry: ""
+docker_dns: ""
+runtimes_bypass_pull_for_local_images: true
+invoker_use_runc: "{{ ansible_distribution != 'MacOSX' }}"
+
+db_prefix: whisk_local_
+
+# Auto lookup to find the db credentials
+db_provider: "{{ lookup('ini', 'db_provider section=db_creds file={{ playbook_dir }}/db_local.ini') }}"
+db_username: "{{ lookup('ini', 'db_username section=db_creds file={{ playbook_dir }}/db_local.ini') }}"
+db_password: "{{ lookup('ini', 'db_password section=db_creds file={{ playbook_dir }}/db_local.ini') }}"
+db_protocol: "{{ lookup('ini', 'db_protocol section=db_creds file={{ playbook_dir }}/db_local.ini') }}"
+db_host: "{{ lookup('ini', 'db_host section=db_creds file={{ playbook_dir }}/db_local.ini') }}"
+db_port: "{{ lookup('ini', 'db_port section=db_creds file={{ playbook_dir }}/db_local.ini') }}"
+
+# API GW connection configuration
+apigw_auth_user: ""
+apigw_auth_pwd: ""
+apigw_host_v2: "http://{{ groups['apigateway']|first }}:{{apigateway.port.api}}/v2"
+
+invoker_allow_multiple_instances: true
+
+env_hosts_dir: "{{ playbook_dir }}/environments/local"
+
+runtimes_manifest:
+  defaultImagePrefix: "openwhisk"
+  defaultImageTag: "latest"
+  runtimes:
+    nodejs:
+    - kind: "nodejs:6"
+      default: true
+      image:
+        name: "nodejs6action"
+      deprecated: false
+    ruby:
+    - kind: "ruby:2.5"
+      default: true
+      image:
+        name: "action-ruby-v2.5"
+      deprecated: false
+  blackboxes:
+    - name: "dockerskeleton"
diff --git a/ansible/environments/local/hosts b/ansible/environments/local/hosts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4715e55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ansible/environments/local/hosts
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+; the first parameter in a host is the inventory_hostname
+
+; used for local actions only
+ansible ansible_connection=local
+
+[edge]
+172.17.0.1          ansible_host=172.17.0.1 ansible_connection=local
+
+[controllers]
+controller0         ansible_host=172.17.0.1 ansible_connection=local
+
+[kafkas]
+kafka0              ansible_host=172.17.0.1 ansible_connection=local
+
+[zookeepers:children]
+kafkas
+
+[invokers]
+invoker0            ansible_host=172.17.0.1 ansible_connection=local
+
+; db group is only used if db_provider is CouchDB
+[db]
+172.17.0.1          ansible_host=172.17.0.1 ansible_connection=local
+
+[redis]
+172.17.0.1          ansible_host=172.17.0.1 ansible_connection=local
+
+[apigateway]
+172.17.0.1          ansible_host=172.17.0.1 ansible_connection=local
diff --git a/build.gradle b/build.gradle
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..300a1ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/build.gradle
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+buildscript {
+    repositories {
+        jcenter()
+    }
+    dependencies {
+        classpath "cz.alenkacz:gradle-scalafmt:${gradle.scalafmt.version}"
+    }
+}
+
+subprojects {
+    apply plugin: 'scalafmt'
+    scalafmt.configFilePath = gradle.scalafmt.config
+}
diff --git a/core/ruby2.5Action/Dockerfile b/core/ruby2.5Action/Dockerfile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4fd4ff0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/ruby2.5Action/Dockerfile
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+FROM ruby:2.5
+
+# install dependencies
+RUN gem install \
+        bundler \
+        rubyzip \
+        rack \
+        puma \
+        rake          `#optional` \
+        mechanize     `#optional` \
+        activesupport `#optional` \
+        jwt           `#optional`
+
+# create src directory to store action files
+RUN mkdir -p /action/src
+ADD rackapp /action/rackapp/
+COPY config.ru /action
+
+# run webserver
+RUN cd /action
+EXPOSE 8080
+ENV BUNDLE_GEMFILE /action/src/Gemfile
+ENV RUBYOPT -EUTF-8
+CMD [ "puma", "/action/config.ru", "-b", "tcp://0.0.0.0:8080" ]
diff --git a/core/ruby2.5Action/Gemfile b/core/ruby2.5Action/Gemfile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7bd43ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/ruby2.5Action/Gemfile
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+source 'https://rubygems.org'
+
+gem 'rack'
+gem 'rubyzip'
diff --git a/core/ruby2.5Action/build.gradle b/core/ruby2.5Action/build.gradle
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5b36d4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/ruby2.5Action/build.gradle
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+ext.dockerImageName = 'action-ruby-v2.5'
+apply from: '../../gradle/docker.gradle'
diff --git a/core/ruby2.5Action/config.ru b/core/ruby2.5Action/config.ru
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6b478fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/ruby2.5Action/config.ru
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+#!/usr/bin/ruby
+
+require 'rubygems'
+require 'json'
+require 'zip'
+require 'base64'
+
+#====== For Debugging Purpose Only
+module RackHelper
+  require 'uri'
+  require 'net/http'
+  class << self
+    def _p(name, value)
+      "#{name}: #{value}\n\n-------\n"
+    end
+
+    def log(value)
+      url = URI("http://SOME_URL_SUCH_AS_MOCKBIN/")
+      http = Net::HTTP.new(url.host, url.port)
+
+      req = Net::HTTP::Post.new(url)
+      req["accept"] = 'application/json'
+      req["content-type"] = 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
+      req.body = value
+      response = http.request(req)
+    end
+
+    def debug(env)
+      request = Rack::Request.new(env)
+      log _p(:ENV, ENV.to_a) +
+        _p(:request_params, request.params.to_a) + 
+        _p(:request_env, request.env) + 
+        _p(:request_POST, request.POST) + 
+        _p(:body, request.body.read)
+    end
+
+  end
+end
+#====== For Debugging Purpose Only
+
+require "#{__dir__}/rackapp/middleware/post_method_validation.rb"
+require "#{__dir__}/rackapp/middleware/sentinel_handler.rb"
+require "#{__dir__}/rackapp/init.rb"
+require "#{__dir__}/rackapp/run.rb"
+
+rackapp = Rack::Builder.app do
+  use HTTPPostMethodValidation
+  use SentinelHandler
+
+  #  {
+  #    "value":{
+  #      "name":   "myAction",
+  #      "binary": false,
+  #      "main":   "main",
+  #      "code":   "def main(params) {\\n  {payload: \\\"length = \\\" + params.to_s}\\n}\\n\"
+  #    }
+  #  }
+  map '/init' do
+    run InitApp.new
+  end
+
+  #  {
+  #    "activation_id":    "91f9fa332a424e35b9fa332a423e35fd",
+  #    "action_name":      "/guest/myAction",
+  #    "deadline":         "1526980345727",
+  #    "api_key":          "23bc46b1-71f6-4ed5-8c54-816aa4f8c502:123zO3xZCLrMN6v2BKK1dXYFpXlPkccOFqm12CdAsMgRU4VrNZ9lyGVCGuMDGIwP",
+  #    "value":            {\"message\":\"hello\"},
+  #    "namespace":        "guest"
+  #  }
+  map "/run" do
+    run RunApp.new
+  end
+end
+
+run rackapp
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/core/ruby2.5Action/rackapp/filepath.rb b/core/ruby2.5Action/rackapp/filepath.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d660b15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/ruby2.5Action/rackapp/filepath.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#!/usr/bin/ruby
+
+module Filepath
+  ROOT = '/action/'
+
+  CONFIG = ROOT + '.wsk.config'
+  TMP_ZIP = ROOT + 'action.zip'
+  PARAM = ROOT + '.wsk.param'
+  RESULT = ROOT + '.wsk.result'
+  OUT = ROOT + '.wsk.stdout'
+  ERR = ROOT + '.wsk.stderr'
+
+  PROGRAM_DIR = ROOT + 'src/'
+  RACKAPP_DIR = ROOT + 'rackapp/'
+  ENTRYPOINT = PROGRAM_DIR + 'main.rb'
+end
diff --git a/core/ruby2.5Action/rackapp/init.rb b/core/ruby2.5Action/rackapp/init.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3f85770
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/ruby2.5Action/rackapp/init.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+require "#{__dir__}/response/success.rb"
+require "#{__dir__}/response/error.rb"
+require "#{__dir__}/filepath.rb"
+
+class InitApp
+  def call(env) 
+    # RackHelper.debug env
+    # Expect JSON data input
+    body = Rack::Request.new(env).body.read
+    RackHelper.log body
+    data = JSON.parse(body)['value'] || {}
+    name = data['name'] || ''           # action name
+    main = data['main'] || ''           # function to call
+    code = data['code'] || ''           # source code to run
+    binary = data['binary'] || false    # code is binary?
+
+    # Are name/main/code variables instance of String?
+    if ![name, main, code].map{|e| e.is_a? String }.inject{|a,b| a && b } then
+      return ErrorResponse.new 'Invalid Parameters: failed to handle the request', 500
+    end
+
+    RackHelper.log env.to_json
+    env = {'BUNDLE_GEMFILE' => Filepath::PROGRAM_DIR + 'Gemfile'}
+    if binary then
+      File.write Filepath::TMP_ZIP, Base64.decode64(code)
+      if !unzip(Filepath::TMP_ZIP, Filepath::PROGRAM_DIR) then
+        return ErrorResponse.new 'Invalid Binary: failed to open zip file. Please make sure you have finishied $bundle package successfully.', 500
+      end
+      RackHelper.log `ls -alR #{Filepath::PROGRAM_DIR}`
+      # Try to resolve dependencies
+      if File.exist?(Filepath::PROGRAM_DIR + 'Gemfile') then
+        if !File.directory?(Filepath::PROGRAM_DIR + 'vendor/cache') then
+          return ErrorResponse.new 'Invalid Binary: vendor/cache folder is not found. Please make sure you have used valid zip binary.', 200
+        end
+        if !system(env, "bundle install --local 2> #{Filepath::ERR} 1> #{Filepath::OUT}") then
+          return ErrorResponse.new "Invalid Binary: failed to resolve dependencies / #{File.read(Filepath::OUT)} / #{File.read(Filepath::ERR)}", 500
+        end
+      else
+        File.write env['BUNDLE_GEMFILE'], ''  # For better performance, better to remove Gemfile and remove "bundle exec" redundant call when binary=false. To be improved in future.
+      end
+      if !File.exist?(Filepath::ENTRYPOINT) then
+        return ErrorResponse.new 'Invalid Ruby Code: zipped actions must contain main.rb at the root.', 500
+      end
+    else
+      # Save the code for future use
+      File.write Filepath::ENTRYPOINT, code
+      File.write env['BUNDLE_GEMFILE'], ''  # For better performance, better to remove Gemfile and remove "bundle exec" redundant call when binary=false. To be improved in future.
+    end
+
+    # Check if the ENTRYPOINT code is valid or not
+    RackHelper.log "TRACK-Zero"
+    if !valid_code?(Filepath::ENTRYPOINT) then
+      RackHelper.log "TRACK-alpha / #{File.read(Filepath::OUT)} / #{File.read(Filepath::ERR)}"
+      return ErrorResponse.new 'Invalid Ruby Code: failed to parse the input code', 500
+    end
+
+    RackHelper.log "TRACK-A"
+    # Check if the method exists as expected
+    if !system(env, "bundle exec ruby -r #{Filepath::ENTRYPOINT} -e \"method(:#{main}) ? true : raise(Exception.new('Error'))\" 2> #{Filepath::ERR} 1> #{Filepath::OUT}") then
+      return ErrorResponse.new "Invalid Ruby Code: method checking failed / #{File.read(Filepath::OUT)} / #{File.read(Filepath::ERR)}", 500
+    end
+
+    RackHelper.log "TRACK-B"
+    # Save config parameters to filesystem so that later /run can use this
+    File.write Filepath::CONFIG, {:main=>main, :name=>name}.to_json
+
+    # Proceed with the next step
+    SuccessResponse.new({'OK'=>true})
+  end
+
+  private
+    def valid_code?(path)
+      system("ruby -e 'RubyVM::InstructionSequence.compile_file(\"#{path}\")' 2> #{Filepath::ERR} 1> #{Filepath::OUT}")
+    rescue
+      false
+    end
+
+    def unzip(zipfile_path, destination_folder)
+      Zip::File.open(zipfile_path) do |zip|
+        zip.each do |file|
+          zip.extract(file, destination_folder + file.name)
+        end
+      end
+      true
+    rescue
+      false
+    end
+end
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/core/ruby2.5Action/rackapp/middleware/base.rb b/core/ruby2.5Action/rackapp/middleware/base.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d362d66
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/ruby2.5Action/rackapp/middleware/base.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+class MiddlewareBase
+  def initialize(app)
+    @app = app
+  end
+end  
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/core/ruby2.5Action/rackapp/middleware/post_method_validation.rb b/core/ruby2.5Action/rackapp/middleware/post_method_validation.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8de8dba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/ruby2.5Action/rackapp/middleware/post_method_validation.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+require "#{__dir__}/base.rb"
+
+class HTTPPostMethodValidation < MiddlewareBase
+  def call(env)
+    if Rack::Request.new(env).request_method == 'POST' then
+      @app.call(env)
+    else
+      Rack::Response.new 'Something went wrong with the request', 500
+    end
+  end
+end  
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/core/ruby2.5Action/rackapp/middleware/sentinel_handler.rb b/core/ruby2.5Action/rackapp/middleware/sentinel_handler.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..92f57ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/ruby2.5Action/rackapp/middleware/sentinel_handler.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+require "#{__dir__}/base.rb"
+
+class SentinelHandler < MiddlewareBase
+  def call(env)
+    response = @app.call(env)
+    RackHelper.log response.status.to_json
+    if !(env['REQUEST_PATH'] == '/init' && response.status == 200) then
+      puts response.body if response.status!=200
+      puts "XXX_THE_END_OF_A_WHISK_ACTIVATION_XXX"
+      warn "XXX_THE_END_OF_A_WHISK_ACTIVATION_XXX"
+    end
+    response
+  end
+end
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/core/ruby2.5Action/rackapp/response/error.rb b/core/ruby2.5Action/rackapp/response/error.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f7c9365
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/ruby2.5Action/rackapp/response/error.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+class ErrorResponse < Rack::Response
+  def initialize(body = [], status = 500, header = {})
+    RackHelper.log body.to_s + caller.to_json
+    super({:error=>body}.to_json, status, header.merge({'Content-Type' => 'application/json'}))
+  end
+end 
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/core/ruby2.5Action/rackapp/response/success.rb b/core/ruby2.5Action/rackapp/response/success.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9d3efb2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/ruby2.5Action/rackapp/response/success.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+class SuccessResponse < Rack::Response
+  def initialize(body = [], status = 200, header = {})
+    super body.to_json, status, header.merge({'Content-Type' => 'application/json'})
+  end
+end  
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/core/ruby2.5Action/rackapp/run.rb b/core/ruby2.5Action/rackapp/run.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9735639
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/ruby2.5Action/rackapp/run.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+require "#{__dir__}/response/success.rb"
+require "#{__dir__}/response/error.rb"
+require "#{__dir__}/filepath.rb"
+
+class RunApp
+  def call(env) 
+    RackHelper.log "YES"
+    if !File.exist? Filepath::ENTRYPOINT then
+      return ErrorResponse.new 'Invalid Action: no action file found', 500
+    end
+
+    # Set environment variables
+    RackHelper.log "NO"
+    body = Rack::Request.new(env).body.read
+    data = JSON.parse(body) || {}
+    env = {'BUNDLE_GEMFILE' => Filepath::PROGRAM_DIR + 'Gemfile'}
+    ['api_key', 'namespace', 'action_name', 'activation_id', 'deadline'].each{|e|
+      env["__OW_#{e.upcase}"] = data[e] if data[e] && data[e].is_a?(String)
+    }
+
+    # Save parameter values to file in order to let runner.rb read this later
+    File.write Filepath::PARAM, data['value'].to_json
+
+    # Execute the action with given parameters
+    RackHelper.log File.read(Filepath::PARAM)
+    if system(env, "bundle exec ruby -r #{Filepath::ENTRYPOINT} #{Filepath::RACKAPP_DIR}runner.rb | tee #{Filepath::OUT}") then
+      if File.exist? Filepath::RESULT then
+        result = File.read(Filepath::RESULT)
+        RackHelper.log result
+        if valid_json?(result) then
+          RackHelper.log "B"
+          SuccessResponse.new(JSON.parse(result))
+        else
+          RackHelper.log "C"
+          warn "Result must be an array but has type '#{result.class.to_s}': #{result}"
+          ErrorResponse.new 'The action did not return a dictionary.', 502
+        end
+      else
+        ErrorResponse.new 'Invalid Action: An error occurred running the action', 502
+      end
+    else
+      RackHelper.log File.read(Filepath::OUT) || "(No stdout found)"
+      ErrorResponse.new "Invalid Action: the execution was not successful. / #{File.read(Filepath::OUT)}}", 502
+    end
+  end
+
+  private
+    def valid_json?(json)
+      JSON.parse(json).class == Hash
+    rescue
+      false
+    end
+end
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/core/ruby2.5Action/rackapp/runner.rb b/core/ruby2.5Action/rackapp/runner.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5f607da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/ruby2.5Action/rackapp/runner.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#!/usr/bin/ruby
+
+require 'json'
+require "#{__dir__}/filepath.rb"
+
+include Filepath
+config = JSON.parse(File.read(CONFIG))
+param = JSON.parse(File.read(PARAM))
+File.write RESULT, method(config["main"]).call(param).to_json
diff --git a/gradle/README.md b/gradle/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..14842f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gradle/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+<!--
+#
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+# contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+# the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+#
+-->
+
+# Gradle
+
+Gradle is used to build OpenWhisk. It does not need to be pre-installed as it installs itself using the [Gradle Wrapper](https://docs.gradle.org/current/userguide/gradle_wrapper.html). To use it without installing, simply invoke the `gradlew` command at the root of the repository. You can also install `gradle` via [`apt`](http://linuxg.net/how-to-install-gradle-2-1-on-ubuntu-14-10-ubuntu-14-04-ubuntu-12-04-and-derivatives/) on Ubuntu or [`brew`](http://www.brewformulas.org/Gradle) on Mac. In the following we use `gradle` and `gradlew` as synonymous.
+
+## Usage
+
+In general, project level properties are set via `-P{propertyName}={propertyValue}`. A task is called via `gradle {taskName}` and a subproject task is called via `gradle :path:to:subproject:{taskName}`. To run tasks in parallel, use the `--parallel` flag (**Note:** It's an incubating feature and might break stuff).
+
+### Build
+
+To build all Docker images use `gradle distDocker` at the top level project, to build a specific component use `gradle :core:controller:distDocker`.
+
+Project level options that can be used on `distDocker`:
+
+- `dockerImageName` (*required*): The name of the image to build (e.g. whisk/controller)
+- `dockerHost` (*optional*): The docker host to run commands on, default behaviour is docker's own `DOCKER_HOST` environment variable
+- `dockerRegistry` (*optional*): The registry to push to
+- `dockerImageTag` (*optional*, default 'latest'): The tag for the image
+- `dockerTimeout` (*optional*, default 240): Timeout for docker operations in seconds
+- `dockerRetries` (*optional*, default 3): How many times to retry docker operations
+- `dockerBinary` (*optional*, default `docker`): The binary to execute docker commands
+
+### Test
+
+To run tests one uses the `test` task. OpenWhisk consolidates tests into a single `tests` project. Hence the command to run all tests is `gradle :tests:test`.
+
+It is possible to run specific tests using [Gradle testfilters](https://docs.gradle.org/current/userguide/java_plugin.html#test_filtering). For example `gradle :tests:test --tests "your.package.name.TestClass.evenMethodName"`. Wildcard `*` may be used anywhere.
+
+## Build your own `build.gradle`
+In Gradle, most of the tasks we use are default tasks provided by plugins in Gradle. The [`scala` Plugin](https://docs.gradle.org/current/userguide/scala_plugin.html) for example includes tasks, that are needed to build Scala projects. Moreover, Gradle is aware of *Applications*. The [`application` Plugin](https://docs.gradle.org/current/userguide/application_plugin.html) provides tasks that are required to distribute a self-contained application. When `application` and `scala` are used in conjunction, they hook into each other and provide the tasks needed to distribute a Scala application. `distTar` for example compiles the Scala code, creates a jar containing the compiled classes and resources and creates a Tarball including that jar and all of its dependencies (defined in the dependencies section of `build.gradle`). It also creates a start-script which correctly sets the classpath for all those dependencies and starts the app.
+
+In OpenWhisk, we want to distribute our application via Docker images. Hence we wrote a "plugin" that creates the task `distDocker`. That task will build an image from the `Dockerfile` that is located next to the `build.gradle` it is called from, for example Controller's `Dockerfile` and `build.gradle` are both located at `core/controller`.
+
+If you want to create a new `build.gradle` for your component, simply put the `Dockerfile` right next to it and include `docker.gradle` by using
+
+```
+ext.dockerImageName = 'openwwhisk/{IMAGENAME}'
+apply from: 'path/to/docker.gradle'
+```
+
+If your component needs to be build before you can build the image, make `distDocker` depend on any task needed to run before it, for example:
+
+```
+distDocker.dependsOn ':common:scala:distDocker', 'distTar'
+```
diff --git a/gradle/docker.gradle b/gradle/docker.gradle
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f716c7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gradle/docker.gradle
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+import groovy.time.*
+
+/**
+ * Utility to build docker images based in gradle projects
+ *
+ * This extends gradle's 'application' plugin logic with a 'distDocker' task which builds
+ * a docker image from the Dockerfile of the project that applies this file. The image
+ * is automatically tagged and pushed if a tag and/or a registry is given.
+ *
+ * Parameters that can be set on project level:
+ * - dockerImageName (required): The name of the image to build (e.g. controller)
+ * - dockerRegistry (optional): The registry to push to
+ * - dockerImageTag (optional, default 'latest'): The tag for the image
+ * - dockerImagePrefix (optional, default 'whisk'): The prefix for the image,
+ *       'controller' becomes 'whisk/controller' per default
+ * - dockerTimeout (optional, default 840): Timeout for docker operations in seconds
+ * - dockerRetries (optional, default 3): How many times to retry docker operations
+ * - dockerBinary (optional, default 'docker'): The binary to execute docker commands
+ * - dockerBuildArgs (options, default ''): Project specific custom docker build arguments
+ * - dockerHost (optional): The docker host to run commands on, default behaviour is
+ *       docker's own DOCKER_HOST environment variable
+ */
+
+ext {
+    dockerRegistry = project.hasProperty('dockerRegistry') ? dockerRegistry + '/' : ''
+    dockerImageTag = project.hasProperty('dockerImageTag') ? dockerImageTag : 'latest'
+    dockerImagePrefix = project.hasProperty('dockerImagePrefix') ? dockerImagePrefix : 'whisk'
+    dockerTimeout = project.hasProperty('dockerTimeout') ? dockerTimeout.toInteger() : 840
+    dockerRetries = project.hasProperty('dockerRetries') ? dockerRetries.toInteger() : 3
+    dockerBinary = project.hasProperty('dockerBinary') ? [dockerBinary] : ['docker']
+    dockerBuildArg = ['build']
+}
+ext.dockerTaggedImageName = dockerRegistry + dockerImagePrefix + '/' + dockerImageName + ':' + dockerImageTag
+
+if(project.hasProperty('dockerHost')) {
+    dockerBinary += ['--host', project.dockerHost]
+}
+
+if(project.hasProperty('dockerBuildArgs')) {
+    dockerBuildArgs.each { arg  ->
+        dockerBuildArg += ['--build-arg', arg]
+    }
+}
+
+task distDocker {
+    doLast {
+        def start = new Date()
+        def cmd = dockerBinary + dockerBuildArg + ['-t', dockerImageName, project.buildscript.sourceFile.getParentFile().getAbsolutePath()]
+        retry(cmd, dockerRetries, dockerTimeout)
+        println("Building '${dockerImageName}' took ${TimeCategory.minus(new Date(), start)}")
+    }
+}
+task tagImage {
+    doLast {
+        def versionString = (dockerBinary + ['-v']).execute().text
+        def matched = (versionString =~ /(\d+)\.(\d+)\.(\d+)/)
+
+        def major = matched[0][1] as int
+        def minor = matched[0][2] as int
+
+        def dockerCmd = ['tag']
+        if(major == 1 && minor < 12) {
+            dockerCmd += ['-f']
+        }
+        retry(dockerBinary + dockerCmd + [dockerImageName, dockerTaggedImageName], dockerRetries, dockerTimeout)
+    }
+}
+
+task pushImage {
+    doLast {
+        def cmd = dockerBinary + ['push', dockerTaggedImageName]
+        retry(cmd, dockerRetries, dockerTimeout)
+    }
+}
+pushImage.dependsOn tagImage
+pushImage.onlyIf { dockerRegistry != '' }
+distDocker.finalizedBy pushImage
+
+def retry(cmd, retries, timeout) {
+    println("${new Date()}: Executing '${cmd.join(" ")}'")
+    def proc = cmd.execute()
+    proc.consumeProcessOutput(System.out, System.err)
+    proc.waitForOrKill(timeout * 1000)
+    if(proc.exitValue() != 0) {
+        def message = "${new Date()}: Command '${cmd.join(" ")}' failed with exitCode ${proc.exitValue()}"
+        if(proc.exitValue() == 143) { // 143 means the process was killed (SIGTERM signal)
+            message = "${new Date()}: Command '${cmd.join(" ")}' was killed after ${timeout} seconds"
+        }
+
+        if(retries > 1) {
+            println("${message}, ${retries-1} retries left, retrying...")
+            retry(cmd, retries-1, timeout)
+        }
+        else {
+            println("${message}, no more retries left, aborting...")
+            throw new GradleException(message)
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.jar b/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.jar
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7a3265e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.jar
Binary files differ
diff --git a/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.properties b/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.properties
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f16d266
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.properties
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+distributionBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME
+distributionPath=wrapper/dists
+zipStoreBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME
+zipStorePath=wrapper/dists
+distributionUrl=https\://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-4.1-bin.zip
diff --git a/gradlew b/gradlew
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..cccdd3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gradlew
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env sh
+
+##############################################################################
+##
+##  Gradle start up script for UN*X
+##
+##############################################################################
+
+# Attempt to set APP_HOME
+# Resolve links: $0 may be a link
+PRG="$0"
+# Need this for relative symlinks.
+while [ -h "$PRG" ] ; do
+    ls=`ls -ld "$PRG"`
+    link=`expr "$ls" : '.*-> \(.*\)$'`
+    if expr "$link" : '/.*' > /dev/null; then
+        PRG="$link"
+    else
+        PRG=`dirname "$PRG"`"/$link"
+    fi
+done
+SAVED="`pwd`"
+cd "`dirname \"$PRG\"`/" >/dev/null
+APP_HOME="`pwd -P`"
+cd "$SAVED" >/dev/null
+
+APP_NAME="Gradle"
+APP_BASE_NAME=`basename "$0"`
+
+# Add default JVM options here. You can also use JAVA_OPTS and GRADLE_OPTS to pass JVM options to this script.
+DEFAULT_JVM_OPTS=""
+
+# Use the maximum available, or set MAX_FD != -1 to use that value.
+MAX_FD="maximum"
+
+warn () {
+    echo "$*"
+}
+
+die () {
+    echo
+    echo "$*"
+    echo
+    exit 1
+}
+
+# OS specific support (must be 'true' or 'false').
+cygwin=false
+msys=false
+darwin=false
+nonstop=false
+case "`uname`" in
+  CYGWIN* )
+    cygwin=true
+    ;;
+  Darwin* )
+    darwin=true
+    ;;
+  MINGW* )
+    msys=true
+    ;;
+  NONSTOP* )
+    nonstop=true
+    ;;
+esac
+
+CLASSPATH=$APP_HOME/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.jar
+
+# Determine the Java command to use to start the JVM.
+if [ -n "$JAVA_HOME" ] ; then
+    if [ -x "$JAVA_HOME/jre/sh/java" ] ; then
+        # IBM's JDK on AIX uses strange locations for the executables
+        JAVACMD="$JAVA_HOME/jre/sh/java"
+    else
+        JAVACMD="$JAVA_HOME/bin/java"
+    fi
+    if [ ! -x "$JAVACMD" ] ; then
+        die "ERROR: JAVA_HOME is set to an invalid directory: $JAVA_HOME
+
+Please set the JAVA_HOME variable in your environment to match the
+location of your Java installation."
+    fi
+else
+    JAVACMD="java"
+    which java >/dev/null 2>&1 || die "ERROR: JAVA_HOME is not set and no 'java' command could be found in your PATH.
+
+Please set the JAVA_HOME variable in your environment to match the
+location of your Java installation."
+fi
+
+# Increase the maximum file descriptors if we can.
+if [ "$cygwin" = "false" -a "$darwin" = "false" -a "$nonstop" = "false" ] ; then
+    MAX_FD_LIMIT=`ulimit -H -n`
+    if [ $? -eq 0 ] ; then
+        if [ "$MAX_FD" = "maximum" -o "$MAX_FD" = "max" ] ; then
+            MAX_FD="$MAX_FD_LIMIT"
+        fi
+        ulimit -n $MAX_FD
+        if [ $? -ne 0 ] ; then
+            warn "Could not set maximum file descriptor limit: $MAX_FD"
+        fi
+    else
+        warn "Could not query maximum file descriptor limit: $MAX_FD_LIMIT"
+    fi
+fi
+
+# For Darwin, add options to specify how the application appears in the dock
+if $darwin; then
+    GRADLE_OPTS="$GRADLE_OPTS \"-Xdock:name=$APP_NAME\" \"-Xdock:icon=$APP_HOME/media/gradle.icns\""
+fi
+
+# For Cygwin, switch paths to Windows format before running java
+if $cygwin ; then
+    APP_HOME=`cygpath --path --mixed "$APP_HOME"`
+    CLASSPATH=`cygpath --path --mixed "$CLASSPATH"`
+    JAVACMD=`cygpath --unix "$JAVACMD"`
+
+    # We build the pattern for arguments to be converted via cygpath
+    ROOTDIRSRAW=`find -L / -maxdepth 1 -mindepth 1 -type d 2>/dev/null`
+    SEP=""
+    for dir in $ROOTDIRSRAW ; do
+        ROOTDIRS="$ROOTDIRS$SEP$dir"
+        SEP="|"
+    done
+    OURCYGPATTERN="(^($ROOTDIRS))"
+    # Add a user-defined pattern to the cygpath arguments
+    if [ "$GRADLE_CYGPATTERN" != "" ] ; then
+        OURCYGPATTERN="$OURCYGPATTERN|($GRADLE_CYGPATTERN)"
+    fi
+    # Now convert the arguments - kludge to limit ourselves to /bin/sh
+    i=0
+    for arg in "$@" ; do
+        CHECK=`echo "$arg"|egrep -c "$OURCYGPATTERN" -`
+        CHECK2=`echo "$arg"|egrep -c "^-"`                                 ### Determine if an option
+
+        if [ $CHECK -ne 0 ] && [ $CHECK2 -eq 0 ] ; then                    ### Added a condition
+            eval `echo args$i`=`cygpath --path --ignore --mixed "$arg"`
+        else
+            eval `echo args$i`="\"$arg\""
+        fi
+        i=$((i+1))
+    done
+    case $i in
+        (0) set -- ;;
+        (1) set -- "$args0" ;;
+        (2) set -- "$args0" "$args1" ;;
+        (3) set -- "$args0" "$args1" "$args2" ;;
+        (4) set -- "$args0" "$args1" "$args2" "$args3" ;;
+        (5) set -- "$args0" "$args1" "$args2" "$args3" "$args4" ;;
+        (6) set -- "$args0" "$args1" "$args2" "$args3" "$args4" "$args5" ;;
+        (7) set -- "$args0" "$args1" "$args2" "$args3" "$args4" "$args5" "$args6" ;;
+        (8) set -- "$args0" "$args1" "$args2" "$args3" "$args4" "$args5" "$args6" "$args7" ;;
+        (9) set -- "$args0" "$args1" "$args2" "$args3" "$args4" "$args5" "$args6" "$args7" "$args8" ;;
+    esac
+fi
+
+# Escape application args
+save () {
+    for i do printf %s\\n "$i" | sed "s/'/'\\\\''/g;1s/^/'/;\$s/\$/' \\\\/" ; done
+    echo " "
+}
+APP_ARGS=$(save "$@")
+
+# Collect all arguments for the java command, following the shell quoting and substitution rules
+eval set -- $DEFAULT_JVM_OPTS $JAVA_OPTS $GRADLE_OPTS "\"-Dorg.gradle.appname=$APP_BASE_NAME\"" -classpath "\"$CLASSPATH\"" org.gradle.wrapper.GradleWrapperMain "$APP_ARGS"
+
+# by default we should be in the correct project dir, but when run from Finder on Mac, the cwd is wrong
+if [ "$(uname)" = "Darwin" ] && [ "$HOME" = "$PWD" ]; then
+  cd "$(dirname "$0")"
+fi
+
+exec "$JAVACMD" "$@"
diff --git a/gradlew.bat b/gradlew.bat
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..f955316
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gradlew.bat
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+@if "%DEBUG%" == "" @echo off
+@rem ##########################################################################
+@rem
+@rem  Gradle startup script for Windows
+@rem
+@rem ##########################################################################
+
+@rem Set local scope for the variables with windows NT shell
+if "%OS%"=="Windows_NT" setlocal
+
+set DIRNAME=%~dp0
+if "%DIRNAME%" == "" set DIRNAME=.
+set APP_BASE_NAME=%~n0
+set APP_HOME=%DIRNAME%
+
+@rem Add default JVM options here. You can also use JAVA_OPTS and GRADLE_OPTS to pass JVM options to this script.
+set DEFAULT_JVM_OPTS=
+
+@rem Find java.exe
+if defined JAVA_HOME goto findJavaFromJavaHome
+
+set JAVA_EXE=java.exe
+%JAVA_EXE% -version >NUL 2>&1
+if "%ERRORLEVEL%" == "0" goto init
+
+echo.
+echo ERROR: JAVA_HOME is not set and no 'java' command could be found in your PATH.
+echo.
+echo Please set the JAVA_HOME variable in your environment to match the
+echo location of your Java installation.
+
+goto fail
+
+:findJavaFromJavaHome
+set JAVA_HOME=%JAVA_HOME:"=%
+set JAVA_EXE=%JAVA_HOME%/bin/java.exe
+
+if exist "%JAVA_EXE%" goto init
+
+echo.
+echo ERROR: JAVA_HOME is set to an invalid directory: %JAVA_HOME%
+echo.
+echo Please set the JAVA_HOME variable in your environment to match the
+echo location of your Java installation.
+
+goto fail
+
+:init
+@rem Get command-line arguments, handling Windows variants
+
+if not "%OS%" == "Windows_NT" goto win9xME_args
+
+:win9xME_args
+@rem Slurp the command line arguments.
+set CMD_LINE_ARGS=
+set _SKIP=2
+
+:win9xME_args_slurp
+if "x%~1" == "x" goto execute
+
+set CMD_LINE_ARGS=%*
+
+:execute
+@rem Setup the command line
+
+set CLASSPATH=%APP_HOME%\gradle\wrapper\gradle-wrapper.jar
+
+@rem Execute Gradle
+"%JAVA_EXE%" %DEFAULT_JVM_OPTS% %JAVA_OPTS% %GRADLE_OPTS% "-Dorg.gradle.appname=%APP_BASE_NAME%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" org.gradle.wrapper.GradleWrapperMain %CMD_LINE_ARGS%
+
+:end
+@rem End local scope for the variables with windows NT shell
+if "%ERRORLEVEL%"=="0" goto mainEnd
+
+:fail
+rem Set variable GRADLE_EXIT_CONSOLE if you need the _script_ return code instead of
+rem the _cmd.exe /c_ return code!
+if  not "" == "%GRADLE_EXIT_CONSOLE%" exit 1
+exit /b 1
+
+:mainEnd
+if "%OS%"=="Windows_NT" endlocal
+
+:omega
diff --git a/settings.gradle b/settings.gradle
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..92db886
--- /dev/null
+++ b/settings.gradle
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+include 'tests'
+
+include 'core:ruby2.5Action'
+
+rootProject.name = 'runtime-ruby'
+
+gradle.ext.openwhisk = [
+        version: '1.0.0-SNAPSHOT'
+]
+
+gradle.ext.scala = [
+    version: '2.11.8',
+    compileFlags: ['-feature', '-unchecked', '-deprecation', '-Xfatal-warnings', '-Ywarn-unused-import']
+]
+
+gradle.ext.scalafmt = [
+    version: '1.5.0',
+    config: new File(rootProject.projectDir, '.scalafmt.conf')
+]
diff --git a/sshconfig b/sshconfig
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..95d1af6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sshconfig
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+Host default
+  HostName 127.0.0.1
+  User vagrant
+  Port 2222
+  UserKnownHostsFile /dev/null
+  StrictHostKeyChecking no
+  PasswordAuthentication no
+  IdentityFile /Users/ksawada/src/github/openwhisk/tools/vagrant/.vagrant/machines/default/virtualbox/private_key
+  IdentitiesOnly yes
+  LogLevel FATAL
+  ForwardAgent yes
+
diff --git a/tests/.pydevproject b/tests/.pydevproject
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..40e9f40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/.pydevproject
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
+<?eclipse-pydev version="1.0"?><pydev_project>
+<pydev_property name="org.python.pydev.PYTHON_PROJECT_INTERPRETER">Default</pydev_property>
+<pydev_property name="org.python.pydev.PYTHON_PROJECT_VERSION">python 2.7</pydev_property>
+</pydev_project>
diff --git a/tests/build.gradle b/tests/build.gradle
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1ae5a4b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/build.gradle
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+apply plugin: 'scala'
+apply plugin: 'eclipse'
+compileTestScala.options.encoding = 'UTF-8'
+
+repositories {
+    mavenCentral()
+    mavenLocal()
+}
+
+tasks.withType(Test) {
+    testLogging {
+        events "passed", "skipped", "failed"
+        showStandardStreams = true
+        exceptionFormat = 'full'
+    }
+    outputs.upToDateWhen { false } // force tests to run every time
+}
+
+dependencies {
+    compile "org.scala-lang:scala-library:${gradle.scala.version}"
+    compile "org.apache.openwhisk:openwhisk-tests:${gradle.openwhisk.version}:tests"
+    compile "org.apache.openwhisk:openwhisk-tests:${gradle.openwhisk.version}:test-sources"
+}
+
+tasks.withType(ScalaCompile) {
+    scalaCompileOptions.additionalParameters = gradle.scala.compileFlags
+}
diff --git a/tests/src/test/resources/application.conf b/tests/src/test/resources/application.conf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..759f063
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/src/test/resources/application.conf
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor
+# license agreements; and to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0.
+
+whisk.spi {
+  SimpleSpi = whisk.spi.SimpleSpiImpl
+  MissingSpi = whisk.spi.MissingImpl
+  MissingModule = missing.module
+}
diff --git a/tests/src/test/scala/actionContainers/Ruby25ActionContainerTests.scala b/tests/src/test/scala/actionContainers/Ruby25ActionContainerTests.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c581273
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/src/test/scala/actionContainers/Ruby25ActionContainerTests.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,409 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package runtime.actionContainers
+
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+import org.scalatest.junit.JUnitRunner
+import common.WskActorSystem
+import actionContainers.{ActionContainer, BasicActionRunnerTests}
+import actionContainers.ActionContainer.withContainer
+import actionContainers.ResourceHelpers.ZipBuilder
+import spray.json._
+
+@RunWith(classOf[JUnitRunner])
+class Ruby25ActionContainerTests extends BasicActionRunnerTests with WskActorSystem {
+  // note: "out" will not be empty as the Webrick outputs a message during the boot and after the boot
+  val enforceEmptyOutputStream = false
+
+  lazy val ruby25ContainerImageName = "action-ruby-v2.5"
+
+  override def withActionContainer(env: Map[String, String] = Map.empty)(code: ActionContainer => Unit) = {
+    withContainer(ruby25ContainerImageName, env)(code)
+  }
+
+  def withRuby25Container(code: ActionContainer => Unit) = withActionContainer()(code)
+
+  behavior of ruby25ContainerImageName
+
+  testEcho(Seq {
+    (
+      "RUBY",
+      """
+          |def main(args)
+          |  puts 'hello stdout'
+          |  warn 'hello stderr'
+          |  #require 'net/http'; require 'uri'; res = Net::HTTP.post_form(URI.parse('http://remore-mockbin.herokuapp.com/bin/38e74975-104b-4733-9d90-834aaf14f909'), {'q'=>args, 'max'=>args.class.to_s})
+          |  args
+          |end
+          """.stripMargin)
+  })
+
+  testNotReturningJson("""
+        |def main(args)
+        |  "not a json object"
+        |end
+        """.stripMargin)
+
+  testUnicode(Seq {
+    (
+      "RUBY",
+      """
+         |def main(args)
+         |  str = args['delimiter'] + " ☃ " + args['delimiter']
+         |  print str + "\n"
+         |  {"winter" => str}
+         |end
+         """.stripMargin.trim)
+  })
+
+  testEnv(
+    Seq {
+      (
+        "RUBY",
+        """
+         |def main(args)
+         |  {
+         |       "env" => ENV,
+         |       "api_host" => ENV['__OW_API_HOST'],
+         |       "api_key" => ENV['__OW_API_KEY'],
+         |       "namespace" => ENV['__OW_NAMESPACE'],
+         |       "action_name" => ENV['__OW_ACTION_NAME'],
+         |       "activation_id" => ENV['__OW_ACTIVATION_ID'],
+         |       "deadline" => ENV['__OW_DEADLINE']
+         |  }
+         |end
+         """.stripMargin.trim)
+    },
+    enforceEmptyOutputStream)
+
+  it should "fail to initialize with bad code" in {
+    val (out, err) = withRuby25Container { c =>
+      val code = """
+                | 10 PRINT "Hello world!"
+                | 20 GOTO 10
+            """.stripMargin
+
+      val (initCode, error) = c.init(initPayload(code))
+      initCode should not be (200)
+      error shouldBe a[Some[_]]
+      error.get shouldBe a[JsObject]
+      error.get.fields("error").toString should include("failed to parse the input code")
+    }
+
+    // Somewhere, the logs should mention an error occurred.
+    checkStreams(out, err, {
+      case (o, e) =>
+        (o + e).toLowerCase should include("invalid")
+        (o + e).toLowerCase should include("parse")
+    })
+  }
+
+  it should "fail to initialize with no code" in {
+    val (out, err) = withRuby25Container { c =>
+      val code = ""
+
+      val (initCode, error) = c.init(initPayload(code))
+
+      initCode should not be (200)
+      error shouldBe a[Some[_]]
+      error.get shouldBe a[JsObject]
+      error.get.fields("error").toString should include("method checking failed")
+    }
+  }
+
+  it should "return some error on action error" in {
+    val (out, err) = withRuby25Container { c =>
+      val code = """
+                | def main(args)
+                |   raise Exception.new("nooooo")
+                | end
+            """.stripMargin
+
+      val (initCode, _) = c.init(initPayload(code))
+      initCode should be(200)
+
+      val (runCode, runRes) = c.run(runPayload(JsObject()))
+      runCode should not be (200)
+
+      runRes shouldBe defined
+      runRes.get.fields.get("error") shouldBe defined
+    // runRes.get.fields("error").toString.toLowerCase should include("nooooo")
+    }
+
+    // Somewhere, the logs should be the error text
+    checkStreams(out, err, {
+      case (o, e) =>
+        (o + e).toLowerCase should include("nooooo")
+    })
+
+  }
+
+  it should "support application errors" in {
+    withRuby25Container { c =>
+      val code = """
+                | def main(args)
+                |   { "error" => "sorry" }
+                | end
+            """.stripMargin;
+
+      val (initCode, error) = c.init(initPayload(code))
+      initCode should be(200)
+
+      val (runCode, runRes) = c.run(runPayload(JsObject()))
+      runCode should be(200) // action writer returning an error is OK
+
+      runRes shouldBe defined
+      runRes.get.fields.get("error") shouldBe defined
+      runRes.get.fields("error").toString.toLowerCase should include("sorry")
+    }
+  }
+
+  it should "fail gracefully when an action has a TypeError exception" in {
+    val (out, err) = withRuby25Container { c =>
+      val code = """
+                | def main(args)
+                |   eval "class ENV\nend"
+                |   { "hello" => "world" }
+                | end
+            """.stripMargin;
+
+      val (initCode, _) = c.init(initPayload(code))
+      initCode should be(200)
+
+      val (runCode, runRes) = c.run(runPayload(JsObject()))
+      runCode should be(502)
+
+      runRes shouldBe defined
+      runRes.get.fields.get("error") shouldBe defined
+      runRes.get.fields("error").toString should include("An error occurred running the action")
+    }
+
+    // Somewhere, the logs should be the error text
+    checkStreams(out, err, {
+      case (o, e) =>
+        (o + e).toLowerCase should include("typeerror")
+    })
+  }
+
+  it should "support the documentation examples (1)" in {
+    val (out, err) = withRuby25Container { c =>
+      val code = """
+                | def main(params)
+                |   if (params['payload'] == 0) then
+                |     return {}
+                |   elsif params['payload'] == 1 then
+                |     return {'payload' => 'Hello, World!'} # indicates normal completion
+                |   elsif params['payload'] == 2 then
+                |     return {'error' => 'payload must be 0 or 1'}  # indicates abnormal completion
+                |   end
+                | end
+            """.stripMargin
+
+      c.init(initPayload(code))._1 should be(200)
+
+      val (c1, r1) = c.run(runPayload(JsObject("payload" -> JsNumber(0))))
+      val (c2, r2) = c.run(runPayload(JsObject("payload" -> JsNumber(1))))
+      val (c3, r3) = c.run(runPayload(JsObject("payload" -> JsNumber(2))))
+
+      c1 should be(200)
+      r1 should be(Some(JsObject()))
+
+      c2 should be(200)
+      r2 should be(Some(JsObject("payload" -> JsString("Hello, World!"))))
+
+      c3 should be(200) // application error, not container or system
+      r3.get.fields.get("error") shouldBe Some(JsString("payload must be 0 or 1"))
+    }
+  }
+
+  it should "have mechanize and activesupport gems available" in {
+    // GIVEN that it should "error when requiring a non-existent package" (see test above for this)
+    val (out, err) = withRuby25Container { c =>
+      val code = """
+                | require 'mechanize'
+                | require 'active_support'
+                | def main(args)
+                |   Mechanize.class
+                |   ActiveSupport.class
+                |   {}
+                | end
+            """.stripMargin
+
+      val (initCode, _) = c.init(initPayload(code))
+
+      initCode should be(200)
+
+      // WHEN I run an action that calls a Guzzle & a Uuid method
+      val (runCode, out) = c.run(runPayload(JsObject()))
+
+      // THEN it should pass only when these packages are available
+      runCode should be(200)
+    }
+  }
+
+  it should "support large-ish actions" in {
+    val thought = " I took the one less traveled by, and that has made all the difference."
+    val assignment = "    x = \"" + thought + "\";\n"
+
+    val code = """
+            | def main(args)
+            |   x = "hello"
+            """.stripMargin + (assignment * 7000) + """
+            |   x = "world"
+            |   { "message" => x }
+            | end
+            """.stripMargin
+
+    // Lest someone should make it too easy.
+    code.length should be >= 500000
+
+    val (out, err) = withRuby25Container { c =>
+      c.init(initPayload(code))._1 should be(200)
+
+      val (runCode, runRes) = c.run(runPayload(JsObject()))
+
+      runCode should be(200)
+      runRes.get.fields.get("message") shouldBe defined
+      runRes.get.fields.get("message") shouldBe Some(JsString("world"))
+    }
+  }
+
+ val exampleOutputDotRuby: String = """
+        | def output(data)
+        |   {'result' => data}
+        | end
+    """.stripMargin
+
+  it should "support zip-encoded packages" in {
+    val srcs = Seq(
+      Seq("output.rb") -> exampleOutputDotRuby,
+      Seq("main.rb") -> """
+                | require __dir__ + '/output.rb'
+                | def main(args)
+                |   name = args['name'] || 'stranger'
+                |   output(name)
+                | end
+            """.stripMargin)
+
+    val code = ZipBuilder.mkBase64Zip(srcs)
+
+    val (out, err) = withRuby25Container { c =>
+      c.init(initPayload(code))._1 should be(200)
+
+      val (runCode, runRes) = c.run(runPayload(JsObject()))
+
+      runCode should be(200)
+      runRes.get.fields.get("result") shouldBe defined
+      runRes.get.fields.get("result") shouldBe Some(JsString("stranger"))
+    }
+  }
+
+  it should "fail gracefully on invalid zip files" in {
+    // Some text-file encoded to base64.
+    val code = "Q2VjaSBuJ2VzdCBwYXMgdW4gemlwLgo="
+
+    val (out, err) = withRuby25Container { c =>
+      val (initCode, error) = c.init(initPayload(code))
+      initCode should not be (200)
+      error shouldBe a[Some[_]]
+      error.get shouldBe a[JsObject]
+      error.get.fields("error").toString should include("failed to open zip file")
+    }
+
+    // Somewhere, the logs should mention the failure
+    checkStreams(out, err, {
+      case (o, e) =>
+        (o + e).toLowerCase should include("error")
+        (o + e).toLowerCase should include("failed to open zip file")
+    })
+  }
+
+  it should "fail gracefully on valid zip files that are not actions" in {
+    val srcs = Seq(Seq("hello") -> """
+                | Hello world!
+            """.stripMargin)
+
+    val code = ZipBuilder.mkBase64Zip(srcs)
+
+    val (out, err) = withRuby25Container { c =>
+      c.init(initPayload(code))._1 should not be (200)
+    }
+
+    checkStreams(out, err, {
+      case (o, e) =>
+        (o + e).toLowerCase should include("error")
+        (o + e).toLowerCase should include("zipped actions must contain main.rb at the root.")
+    })
+  }
+
+  it should "fail gracefully on valid zip files with invalid code in main.rb" in {
+    val (out, err) = withRuby25Container { c =>
+      val srcs = Seq(Seq("main.rb") -> """
+                    | 10 PRINT "Hello world!"
+                    | 20 GOTO 10
+                """.stripMargin)
+
+      val code = ZipBuilder.mkBase64Zip(srcs)
+
+      val (initCode, error) = c.init(initPayload(code))
+      initCode should not be (200)
+      error shouldBe a[Some[_]]
+      error.get shouldBe a[JsObject]
+      error.get.fields("error").toString should include("failed to parse the input code")
+    }
+
+    // Somewhere, the logs should mention an error occurred.
+    checkStreams(out, err, {
+      case (o, e) =>
+        (o + e).toLowerCase should include("invalid")
+        (o + e).toLowerCase should include("parse")
+    })
+  }
+
+  it should "support actions using non-default entry point" in {
+    val (out, err) = withRuby25Container { c =>
+      val code = """
+            | def niam(args)
+            |   { :result => "it works" }
+            | end
+            """.stripMargin
+
+      c.init(initPayload(code, main = "niam"))._1 should be(200)
+      val (runCode, runRes) = c.run(runPayload(JsObject()))
+      runRes.get.fields.get("result") shouldBe Some(JsString("it works"))
+    }
+  }
+
+  it should "support zipped actions using non-default entry point" in {
+    val srcs = Seq(Seq("main.rb") -> """
+                | def niam(args)
+                |   { :result => "it works" }
+                | end
+            """.stripMargin)
+
+    val code = ZipBuilder.mkBase64Zip(srcs)
+
+    withRuby25Container { c =>
+      c.init(initPayload(code, main = "niam"))._1 should be(200)
+
+      val (runCode, runRes) = c.run(runPayload(JsObject()))
+      runRes.get.fields.get("result") shouldBe Some(JsString("it works"))
+    }
+  }
+
+}