/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 * 
 *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 * 
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
 * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
 * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
 * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
 * specific language governing permissions and limitations
 * under the License.
 */

package org.apache.opennlp.ml.model;

/**
 * The {@link IndexHashTable} is a hash table which maps entries
 * of an array to their index in the array. All entries in the array must
 * be unique otherwise a well-defined mapping is not possible.
 * <p>
 * The entry objects must implement {@link Object#equals(Object)} and
 * {@link Object#hashCode()} otherwise the behavior of this class is
 * undefined.
 * <p>
 * The implementation uses a hash table with open addressing and linear probing.
 * <p>
 * The table is thread safe and can concurrently accessed by multiple threads,
 * thread safety is achieved through immutability. Though its not strictly immutable
 * which means, that the table must still be safely published to other threads.
 */
public class IndexHashTable<T> {

  private final Object keys[];
  private final int values[];

  private final int size;
	
  /**
   * Initializes the current instance. The specified array is copied into the
   * table and later changes to the array do not affect this table in any way.
   * 
   * @param mapping
   *          the values to be indexed, all values must be unique otherwise a
   *          well-defined mapping of an entry to an index is not possible
   * @param loadfactor
   *          the load factor, usually 0.7
   * 
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException
   *           if the entries are not unique
   */
  public IndexHashTable(T mapping[], double loadfactor) {
    if (loadfactor <= 0 || loadfactor > 1)
      throw new IllegalArgumentException("loadfactor must be larger than 0 "
          + "and equal to or smaller than 1!");

    int arraySize = (int) (mapping.length / loadfactor) + 1;

    keys = new Object[arraySize];
    values = new int[arraySize];

    size = mapping.length;

    for (int i = 0; i < mapping.length; i++) {
      int startIndex = indexForHash(mapping[i].hashCode(), keys.length);

      int index = searchKey(startIndex, null, true);

      if (index == -1)
        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
            "Array must contain only unique keys!");

      keys[index] = mapping[i];
      values[index] = i;
    }
  }

  private static int indexForHash(int h, int length) {
    return (h & 0x7fffffff) % length;
  }

  private int searchKey(int startIndex, Object key, boolean insert) {
		
    for (int index = startIndex; true; index = (index + 1) % keys.length) {

      // The keys array contains at least one null element, which guarantees
      // termination of the loop
      if (keys[index] == null) {
        if (insert)
          return index;
        else
          return -1;
      }

      if (keys[index].equals(key)) {
        if (!insert)
          return index;
        else
          return -1;
      }
    }
  }

  /**
   * Retrieves the index for the specified key.
   * 
   * @param key
   * @return the index or -1 if there is no entry to the keys
   */
  public int get(T key) {

    int startIndex = indexForHash(key.hashCode(), keys.length);

    int index = searchKey(startIndex, key, false);

    if (index != -1) {
      return values[index];
    } else {
      return -1;
    }
  }

  /**
   * Retrieves the size.
   * 
   * @return the number of elements in this map.
   */
  public int size() {
    return size;
  }

  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
  public T[] toArray(T array[]) {
    for (int i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {
      if (keys[i] != null)
        array[values[i]] = (T) keys[i];
    }

    return array;
  }
}