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| <title>Part 2. Java Persistence API</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="css/docbook.css" type="text/css"><base href="display"><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.72.0"><link rel="start" href="manual.html" title="Apache OpenJPA 2.0 User's Guide"><link rel="up" href="manual.html" title="Apache OpenJPA 2.0 User's Guide"><link rel="prev" href="openjpa_legal_copyright.html" title="3. Copyrights"><link rel="next" href="jpa_overview_intro.html" title="Chapter 1. Introduction"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Part 2. Java Persistence API</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="openjpa_legal_copyright.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center"> </th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="jpa_overview_intro.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></div><div class="part" lang="en" id="jpa_overview"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a name="jpa_overview"></a>Part 2. Java Persistence API</h1></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="jpa_overview_intro.html">1. | |
| Introduction | |
| </a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_intro.html#jpa_overview_intro_audience">1. | |
| Intended Audience | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_intro_transpers.html">2. | |
| Lightweight Persistence | |
| </a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="jpa_overview_why.html">2. | |
| Why JPA? | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="jpa_overview_arch.html">3. | |
| Java Persistence API Architecture | |
| </a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_arch.html#jpa_overview_arch_exceptions">1. | |
| JPA Exceptions | |
| </a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="jpa_overview_pc.html">4. | |
| Entity | |
| </a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_pc.html#jpa_overview_pc_restrict">1. | |
| Restrictions on Persistent Classes | |
| </a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_pc.html#jpa_overview_pc_no_arg">1.1. | |
| Default or No-Arg Constructor | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_pc.html#jpa_overview_pc_final">1.2. | |
| Final | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_pc.html#jpa_overview_pc_id">1.3. | |
| Identity Fields | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_pc.html#jpa_overview_pc_version">1.4. | |
| Version Field | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_pc.html#jpa_overview_pc_restrict_inheritance">1.5. | |
| Inheritance | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_pc.html#jpa_overview_pc_restrict_fields">1.6. | |
| Persistent Fields | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_pc.html#jpa_overview_pc_restrict_conclusion">1.7. | |
| Conclusions | |
| </a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_pc_identity.html">2. | |
| Entity Identity | |
| </a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_pc_identity.html#jpa_overview_pc_identitycls">2.1. | |
| Identity Class | |
| </a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_pc_identity.html#jpa_overview_pc_identity_hierarchy">2.1.1. | |
| Identity Hierarchies | |
| </a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_pc_callbacks.html">3. | |
| Lifecycle Callbacks | |
| </a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_pc_callbacks.html#jpa_overview_pc_callbacks_methods">3.1. | |
| Callback Methods | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_pc_callbacks.html#jpa_overview_callbacks_using">3.2. | |
| Using Callback Methods | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_pc_callbacks.html#jpa_overview_entity_listeners_using">3.3. | |
| Using Entity Listeners | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_pc_callbacks.html#jpa_overview_entity_listeners_exclude">3.4. | |
| Entity Listeners Hierarchy | |
| </a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_pc_conclusion.html">4. | |
| Conclusions | |
| </a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="jpa_overview_meta.html">5. | |
| Metadata | |
| </a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_meta.html#jpa_overview_meta_class">1. | |
| Class Metadata | |
| </a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_meta.html#jpa_overview_meta_entity">1.1. | |
| Entity | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_meta.html#jpa_overview_meta_idclass">1.2. | |
| Id Class | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_meta.html#jpa_overview_meta_embeddablesuper">1.3. | |
| Mapped Superclass | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_meta.html#jpa_overview_meta_embeddable">1.4. | |
| Embeddable | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_meta.html#jpa_overview_meta_entity_listeners">1.5. | |
| EntityListeners | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_meta.html#jpa_overview_meta_classex">1.6. | |
| Example | |
| </a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_meta_field.html">2. | |
| Field and Property Metadata | |
| </a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_meta_field.html#jpa_overview_explicit_access">2.1. | |
| Explicit Access | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_meta_field.html#jpa_overview_meta_transient">2.2. | |
| Transient | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_meta_field.html#jpa_overview_meta_id">2.3. | |
| Id | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_meta_field.html#jpa_overview_meta_gen">2.4. | |
| Generated Value | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_meta_field.html#jpa_overview_meta_embedid">2.5. | |
| Embedded Id | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_meta_field.html#jpa_overview_meta_version">2.6. | |
| Version | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_meta_field.html#jpa_overview_meta_basic">2.7. | |
| Basic | |
| </a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_meta_field.html#jpa_overview_meta_fetch">2.7.1. | |
| Fetch Type | |
| </a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_meta_field.html#jpa_overview_meta_embedded">2.8. | |
| Embedded | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_meta_field.html#jpa_overview_meta_manytoone">2.9. | |
| Many To One | |
| </a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_meta_field.html#jpa_overview_meta_cascade">2.9.1. | |
| Cascade Type | |
| </a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_meta_field.html#jpa_overview_meta_onetomany">2.10. | |
| One To Many | |
| </a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_meta_field.html#jpa_overview_meta_mappedby">2.10.1. | |
| Bidirectional Relations | |
| </a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_meta_field.html#jpa_overview_meta_onetoone">2.11. | |
| One To One | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_meta_field.html#jpa_overview_meta_manytomany">2.12. | |
| Many To Many | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_meta_field.html#jpa_overview_meta_orderby">2.13. | |
| Order By | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_meta_field.html#jpa_overview_meta_mapkey">2.14. | |
| Map Key | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_meta_field.html#jpa_overview_meta_fielddefaults">2.15. | |
| Persistent Field Defaults | |
| </a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_meta_xml.html">3. | |
| XML Schema | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_meta_complete.html">4. | |
| Conclusion | |
| </a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="jpa_overview_persistence.html">6. | |
| Persistence | |
| </a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_persistence.html#jpa_overview_persistence_xml">1. | |
| persistence.xml | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_persistence_use.html">2. | |
| Non-EE Use | |
| </a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="jpa_overview_emfactory.html">7. | |
| EntityManagerFactory | |
| </a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_emfactory.html#jpa_overview_emfactory_obtain">1. | |
| Obtaining an EntityManagerFactory | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_emfactory_em.html">2. | |
| Obtaining EntityManagers | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_emfactory_perscontext.html">3. | |
| Persistence Context | |
| </a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_emfactory_perscontext.html#jpa_overview_emfactory_perscontext_trans">3.1. | |
| Transaction Persistence Context | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_emfactory_perscontext.html#jpa_overview_emfactory_perscontext_extend">3.2. | |
| Extended Persistence Context | |
| </a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_emf_properties.html">4. | |
| Retrieving Properties Information | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_emfactory_close.html">5. | |
| Closing the EntityManagerFactory | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_emfactory_puutil.html">6. | |
| PersistenceUnitUtil | |
| </a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="jpa_overview_em.html">8. | |
| EntityManager | |
| </a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_em.html#jpa_overview_em_trans">1. | |
| Transaction Association | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_em_lifecycle.html">2. | |
| Entity Lifecycle Management | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_em_lifeexamples.html">3. | |
| Lifecycle Examples | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_em_identity.html">4. | |
| Entity Identity Management | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_em_cache.html">5. | |
| Cache Management | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_em_query.html">6. | |
| Query Factory | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_em_properties.html">7. | |
| Retrieving Properties Information | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_em_closing.html">8. | |
| Closing | |
| </a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="jpa_overview_trans.html">9. | |
| Transaction | |
| </a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_trans.html#jpa_overview_trans_types">1. | |
| Transaction Types | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_trans_local.html">2. | |
| The EntityTransaction Interface | |
| </a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="jpa_overview_query.html">10. | |
| JPA Query | |
| </a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_query.html#jpa_query_api">1. | |
| JPQL API | |
| </a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_query.html#jpa_overview_query_basic">1.1. | |
| Query Basics | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_query.html#jpa_overview_query_relations">1.2. | |
| Relation Traversal | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_query.html#jpa_overview_query_embeddables">1.3. | |
| Embeddable Traversal | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_query.html#jpa_overview_join_fetch">1.4. | |
| Fetch Joins | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_query.html#jpa_overview_query_functions">1.5. | |
| JPQL Functions | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_query.html#jpa_overview_query_inheritance">1.6. | |
| Polymorphic Queries | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_query.html#jpa_overview_query_params">1.7. | |
| Query Parameters | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_query.html#jpa_overview_query_hints">1.8. | |
| Query Hints | |
| </a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_query.html#jpa_hints_locking">1.8.1. | |
| Locking Hints | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_query.html#jpa_hints_locktimeout">1.8.2. | |
| Lock Timeout Hint | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_query.html#jpa_hints_querytimeout">1.8.3. | |
| Query Timeout Hint | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_query.html#jpa_hints_resultset">1.8.4. | |
| Result Set Size Hint | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_query.html#jpa_hints_isolation">1.8.5. | |
| Isolation Level Hint | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_query.html#jpa_hints_fetchplan">1.8.6. | |
| Other Fetchplan Hints | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_query.html#d0e6955">1.8.7. | |
| Database-Specific Hints | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_query.html#jpa_hints_named">1.8.8. | |
| Named Query Hints | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_query.html#multi-hints-handling">1.8.9. | |
| Handling of Multiple Similar Query Hints | |
| </a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_query.html#jpa_overview_query_ordering">1.9. | |
| Ordering | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_query.html#jpa_overview_query_aggregates">1.10. | |
| Aggregates | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_query.html#jpa_overview_query_named">1.11. | |
| Named Queries | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_query.html#jpa_overview_query_delete">1.12. | |
| Delete By Query | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_query.html#jpa_overview_query_update">1.13. | |
| Update By Query | |
| </a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_langref.html">2. | |
| JPQL Language Reference | |
| </a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_langref.html#jpa_langref_stmnttypes">2.1. | |
| JPQL Statement Types | |
| </a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_langref.html#jpa_langref_select">2.1.1. | |
| JPQL Select Statement | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_langref.html#jpa_langref_bulk">2.1.2. | |
| JPQL Update and Delete Statements | |
| </a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_langref.html#jpa_langref_schematypes">2.2. | |
| JPQL Abstract Schema Types and Query Domains | |
| </a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_langref.html#jpa_langref_schemanaming">2.2.1. | |
| JPQL Entity Naming | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_langref.html#jpa_langref_schemaexample">2.2.2. | |
| JPQL Schema Example | |
| </a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_langref.html#jpa_langref_fromclause">2.3. | |
| JPQL FROM Clause and Navigational Declarations | |
| </a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_langref.html#jpa_langref_from_identifiers">2.3.1. | |
| JPQL FROM Identifiers | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_langref.html#jpa_langref_from_vars">2.3.2. | |
| JPQL Identification Variables | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_langref.html#jpa_langref_range">2.3.3. | |
| JPQL Range Declarations | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_langref.html#jpa_langref_path">2.3.4. | |
| JPQL Path Expressions | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_langref.html#jpa_langref_Joins">2.3.5. | |
| JPQL Joins | |
| </a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_langref.html#jpa_langref_inner_joins">2.3.5.1. | |
| JPQL Inner Joins (Relationship Joins) | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_langref.html#jpa_langref_outer_joins">2.3.5.2. | |
| JPQL Outer Joins | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_langref.html#jpa_langref_fetch_joins">2.3.5.3. | |
| JPQL Fetch Joins | |
| </a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_langref.html#jpa_langref_collection_dec">2.3.6. | |
| JPQL Collection Member Declarations | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_langref.html#jpa_langref_from_clause_and_sql">2.3.7. | |
| JPQL FROM Clause and SQL | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_langref.html#jpa_langref_polymorph">2.3.8. | |
| JPQL Polymorphism | |
| </a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_langref.html#jpa_langref_where">2.4. | |
| JPQL WHERE Clause | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_langref.html#jpa_langref_cond">2.5. | |
| JPQL Conditional Expressions | |
| </a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_langref.html#jpa_langref_lit">2.5.1. | |
| JPQL Literals | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_langref.html#jpa_langref_idvar">2.5.2. | |
| JPQL Identification Variables | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_langref.html#jpa_langref_path_exp">2.5.3. | |
| JPQL Path Expressions | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_langref.html#jpa_langref_input_params">2.5.4. | |
| JPQL Input Parameters | |
| </a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_langref.html#jpa_langref_pos_params">2.5.4.1. | |
| JPQL Positional Parameters | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_langref.html#jpa_langref_named_params">2.5.4.2. | |
| JPQL Named Parameters | |
| </a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_langref.html#jpa_langref_cond_comp">2.5.5. | |
| JPQL Conditional Expression Composition | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_langref.html#jpa_langref_operators">2.5.6. | |
| JPQL Operators and Operator Precedence | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_langref.html#jpa_langref_comparison_expressions">2.5.7. | |
| JPQL Comparison Expressions | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_langref.html#jpa_langref_between">2.5.8. | |
| JPQL Between Expressions | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_langref.html#jpa_langref_in_expressions">2.5.9. | |
| JPQL In Expressions | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_langref.html#jpa_langref_like">2.5.10. | |
| JPQL Like Expressions | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_langref.html#jpa_langref_null">2.5.11. | |
| JPQL Null Comparison Expressions | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_langref.html#jpa_langref_empty_comp">2.5.12. | |
| JPQL Empty Collection Comparison Expressions | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_langref.html#jpa_langref_collection_member">2.5.13. | |
| JPQL Collection Member Expressions | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_langref.html#jpa_langref_exists">2.5.14. | |
| JPQL Exists Expressions | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_langref.html#jpa_langref_all_any">2.5.15. | |
| JPQL All or Any Expressions | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_langref.html#jpa_langref_subqueries">2.5.16. | |
| JPQL Subqueries | |
| </a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_langref.html#jpa_langref_scalar_expressions">2.6. | |
| JPQL Scalar Expressions | |
| </a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_langref.html#jpa_langref_math_expressions">2.6.1. | |
| Arithmetic Expressions | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_langref.html#jpa_langref_functional_expressions">2.6.2. | |
| String, Arithmetic, and Datetime Functional Expressions | |
| </a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_langref.html#jpa_langref_string_fun">2.6.2.1. | |
| JPQL String Functions | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_langref.html#jpa_langref_arithmetic">2.6.2.2. | |
| JPQL Arithmetic Functions | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_langref.html#jpa_langref_datetime">2.6.2.3. | |
| JPQL Datetime Functions | |
| </a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_langref.html#jpa_langref_case_expressions">2.6.3. | |
| Case Expressions | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_langref.html#jpa_langref_entity_type_expressions">2.6.4. | |
| Entity Type Expressions | |
| </a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_langref.html#jpa_langref_group">2.7. | |
| JPQL GROUP BY, HAVING | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_langref.html#jpa_langref_select_clause">2.8. | |
| JPQL SELECT Clause | |
| </a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_langref.html#jpa_langref_resulttype">2.8.1. | |
| JPQL Result Type of the SELECT Clause | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_langref.html#jpa_langref_constructor">2.8.2. | |
| JPQL Constructor Expressions | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_langref.html#jpa_langref_null_select">2.8.3. | |
| JPQL Null Values in the Query Result | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_langref.html#jpa_langref_embeddables">2.8.4. | |
| JPQL Embeddables in the Query Result | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_langref.html#jpa_langref_aggregates">2.8.5. | |
| JPQL Aggregate Functions | |
| </a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_langref.html#jpa_langref_agg_examples">2.8.5.1. | |
| JPQL Aggregate Examples | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_langref.html#jpa_langref_numeric_expressions_in_select">2.8.5.2. | |
| JPQL Numeric Expressions in the SELECT Clause | |
| </a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_langref.html#jpa_langref_orderby">2.9. | |
| JPQL ORDER BY Clause | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_langref.html#jpa_langref_bulk_ops">2.10. | |
| JPQL Bulk Update and Delete | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_langref.html#jpa_langref_null_values">2.11. | |
| JPQL Null Values | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_langref.html#jpa_langref_equality">2.12. | |
| JPQL Equality and Comparison Semantics | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_langref.html#jpa_langref_bnf">2.13. | |
| JPQL BNF | |
| </a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="jpa_overview_criteria.html">11. | |
| JPA Criteria | |
| </a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_criteria.html#d0e11021">1. Constructing a CriteriaQuery</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch13s02.html">2. Executing a CriteriaQuery</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch13s03.html">3. Extension to Criteria API</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch13s04.html">4. Generation of Canonical MetaModel classes</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="jpa_overview_sqlquery.html">12. | |
| SQL Queries | |
| </a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_sqlquery.html#jpa_overview_sqlquery_create">1. | |
| Creating SQL Queries | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_sqlquery_obj.html">2. | |
| Retrieving Persistent Objects with SQL | |
| </a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="jpa_overview_mapping.html">13. | |
| Mapping Metadata | |
| </a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_mapping.html#jpa_overview_mapping_table">1. | |
| Table | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_mapping_unq.html">2. | |
| Unique Constraints | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_mapping_column.html">3. | |
| Column | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_mapping_id.html">4. | |
| Identity Mapping | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_mapping_sequence.html">5. | |
| Generators | |
| </a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_mapping_sequence.html#jpa_overview_mapping_sequence_seqgen">5.1. | |
| Sequence Generator | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_mapping_sequence.html#jpa_overview_mapping_sequence_tablegen">5.2. | |
| TableGenerator | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_mapping_sequence.html#jpa_overview_mapping_sequence_genex">5.3. | |
| Example | |
| </a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_mapping_inher.html">6. | |
| Inheritance | |
| </a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_mapping_inher.html#jpa_overview_mapping_inher_single">6.1. | |
| Single Table | |
| </a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_mapping_inher.html#jpa_overview_mapping_inher_single_adv">6.1.1. | |
| Advantages | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_mapping_inher.html#jpa_overview_mapping_inher_single_disadv">6.1.2. | |
| Disadvantages | |
| </a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_mapping_inher.html#jpa_overview_mapping_inher_joined">6.2. | |
| Joined | |
| </a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_mapping_inher.html#jpa_overview_mapping_inher_joined_adv">6.2.1. | |
| Advantages | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_mapping_inher.html#jpa_overview_mapping_inher_joined_disadv">6.2.2. | |
| Disadvantages | |
| </a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_mapping_inher.html#jpa_overview_mapping_inher_tpc">6.3. | |
| Table Per Class | |
| </a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_mapping_inher.html#jpa_overview_mapping_inher_tpc_adv">6.3.1. | |
| Advantages | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_mapping_inher.html#jpa_overview_mapping_inher_tpc_disadv">6.3.2. | |
| Disadvantages | |
| </a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_mapping_inher.html#jpa_overview_mapping_inher_together">6.4. | |
| Putting it All Together | |
| </a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_mapping_discrim.html">7. | |
| Discriminator | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_mapping_field.html">8. | |
| Field Mapping | |
| </a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_mapping_field.html#jpa_overview_mapping_basic">8.1. | |
| Basic Mapping | |
| </a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_mapping_field.html#jpa_overview_mapping_lob">8.1.1. | |
| LOBs | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_mapping_field.html#jpa_overview_mapping_enum">8.1.2. | |
| Enumerated | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_mapping_field.html#jpa_overview_mapping_temporal">8.1.3. | |
| Temporal Types | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_mapping_field.html#jpa_overview_mapping_basic_example">8.1.4. | |
| The Updated Mappings | |
| </a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_mapping_field.html#jpa_overview_mapping_secondary">8.2. | |
| Secondary Tables | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_mapping_field.html#jpa_overview_mapping_embed">8.3. | |
| Embedded Mapping | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_mapping_field.html#jpa_overview_mapping_rel">8.4. | |
| Direct Relations | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_mapping_field.html#jpa_overview_mapping_assoccoll">8.5. | |
| Join Table | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_mapping_field.html#jpa_overview_mapping_bidi">8.6. | |
| Bidirectional Mapping | |
| </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_mapping_field.html#jpa_overview_mapping_map">8.7. | |
| Map Mapping | |
| </a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="jpa_overview_mapping_full.html">9. | |
| The Complete Mappings | |
| </a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="jpa_overview_conclusion.html">14. | |
| Conclusion | |
| </a></span></dt></dl></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="openjpa_legal_copyright.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"> </td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="jpa_overview_intro.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">3. | |
| Copyrights | |
| </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="manual.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Chapter 1. | |
| Introduction | |
| </td></tr></table></div></body></html> |