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/*
Copyright (c) 2004-2006, The Dojo Foundation
All Rights Reserved.
Licensed under the Academic Free License version 2.1 or above OR the
modified BSD license. For more information on Dojo licensing, see:
http://dojotoolkit.org/community/licensing.shtml
*/
dojo.provide("dojo.regexp");
dojo.evalObjPath("dojo.regexp.us", true); // this file also defines stuff in the dojo.regexp.us module (TODO: move to separate file?)
// *** Regular Expression Generators ***
dojo.regexp.tld = function(/*Object?*/flags){
// summary: Builds a RE that matches a top-level domain
//
// flags:
// flags.allowCC Include 2 letter country code domains. Default is true.
// flags.allowGeneric Include the generic domains. Default is true.
// flags.allowInfra Include infrastructure domains. Default is true.
// assign default values to missing paramters
flags = (typeof flags == "object") ? flags : {};
if(typeof flags.allowCC != "boolean"){ flags.allowCC = true; }
if(typeof flags.allowInfra != "boolean"){ flags.allowInfra = true; }
if(typeof flags.allowGeneric != "boolean"){ flags.allowGeneric = true; }
// Infrastructure top-level domain - only one at present
var infraRE = "arpa";
// Generic top-level domains RE.
var genericRE =
"aero|biz|com|coop|edu|gov|info|int|mil|museum|name|net|org|pro|travel|xxx|jobs|mobi|post";
// Country Code top-level domains RE
var ccRE =
"ac|ad|ae|af|ag|ai|al|am|an|ao|aq|ar|as|at|au|aw|az|ba|bb|bd|be|bf|bg|bh|bi|bj|bm|bn|bo|br|" +
"bs|bt|bv|bw|by|bz|ca|cc|cd|cf|cg|ch|ci|ck|cl|cm|cn|co|cr|cu|cv|cx|cy|cz|de|dj|dk|dm|do|dz|" +
"ec|ee|eg|er|eu|es|et|fi|fj|fk|fm|fo|fr|ga|gd|ge|gf|gg|gh|gi|gl|gm|gn|gp|gq|gr|gs|gt|gu|gw|"
+
"gy|hk|hm|hn|hr|ht|hu|id|ie|il|im|in|io|ir|is|it|je|jm|jo|jp|ke|kg|kh|ki|km|kn|kr|kw|ky|kz|" +
"la|lb|lc|li|lk|lr|ls|lt|lu|lv|ly|ma|mc|md|mg|mh|mk|ml|mm|mn|mo|mp|mq|mr|ms|mt|mu|mv|mw|mx|" +
"my|mz|na|nc|ne|nf|ng|ni|nl|no|np|nr|nu|nz|om|pa|pe|pf|pg|ph|pk|pl|pm|pn|pr|ps|pt|pw|py|qa|" +
"re|ro|ru|rw|sa|sb|sc|sd|se|sg|sh|si|sk|sl|sm|sn|sr|st|su|sv|sy|sz|tc|td|tf|tg|th|tj|tk|tm|" +
"tn|to|tr|tt|tv|tw|tz|ua|ug|uk|us|uy|uz|va|vc|ve|vg|vi|vn|vu|wf|ws|ye|yt|yu|za|zm|zw";
// Build top-level domain RE
var a = [];
if(flags.allowInfra){ a.push(infraRE); }
if(flags.allowGeneric){ a.push(genericRE); }
if(flags.allowCC){ a.push(ccRE); }
var tldRE = "";
if (a.length > 0) {
tldRE = "(" + a.join("|") + ")";
}
return tldRE; // String
}
dojo.regexp.ipAddress = function(/*Object?*/flags){
// summary: Builds a RE that matches an IP Address
//
// description:
// Supports 5 formats for IPv4: dotted decimal, dotted hex, dotted octal, decimal and hexadecimal.
// Supports 2 formats for Ipv6.
//
// flags An object. All flags are boolean with default = true.
// flags.allowDottedDecimal Example, 207.142.131.235. No zero padding.
// flags.allowDottedHex Example, 0x18.0x11.0x9b.0x28. Case insensitive. Zero padding allowed.
// flags.allowDottedOctal Example, 0030.0021.0233.0050. Zero padding allowed.
// flags.allowDecimal Example, 3482223595. A decimal number between 0-4294967295.
// flags.allowHex Example, 0xCF8E83EB. Hexadecimal number between 0x0-0xFFFFFFFF.
// Case insensitive. Zero padding allowed.
// flags.allowIPv6 IPv6 address written as eight groups of four hexadecimal digits.
// flags.allowHybrid IPv6 address written as six groups of four hexadecimal digits
// followed by the usual 4 dotted decimal digit notation of IPv4. x:x:x:x:x:x:d.d.d.d
// assign default values to missing paramters
flags = (typeof flags == "object") ? flags : {};
if(typeof flags.allowDottedDecimal != "boolean"){ flags.allowDottedDecimal = true; }
if(typeof flags.allowDottedHex != "boolean"){ flags.allowDottedHex = true; }
if(typeof flags.allowDottedOctal != "boolean"){ flags.allowDottedOctal = true; }
if(typeof flags.allowDecimal != "boolean"){ flags.allowDecimal = true; }
if(typeof flags.allowHex != "boolean"){ flags.allowHex = true; }
if(typeof flags.allowIPv6 != "boolean"){ flags.allowIPv6 = true; }
if(typeof flags.allowHybrid != "boolean"){ flags.allowHybrid = true; }
// decimal-dotted IP address RE.
var dottedDecimalRE =
// Each number is between 0-255. Zero padding is not allowed.
"((\\d|[1-9]\\d|1\\d\\d|2[0-4]\\d|25[0-5])\\.){3}(\\d|[1-9]\\d|1\\d\\d|2[0-4]\\d|25[0-5])";
// dotted hex IP address RE. Each number is between 0x0-0xff. Zero padding is allowed, e.g. 0x00.
var dottedHexRE = "(0[xX]0*[\\da-fA-F]?[\\da-fA-F]\\.){3}0[xX]0*[\\da-fA-F]?[\\da-fA-F]";
// dotted octal IP address RE. Each number is between 0000-0377.
// Zero padding is allowed, but each number must have at least 4 characters.
var dottedOctalRE = "(0+[0-3][0-7][0-7]\\.){3}0+[0-3][0-7][0-7]";
// decimal IP address RE. A decimal number between 0-4294967295.
var decimalRE = "(0|[1-9]\\d{0,8}|[1-3]\\d{9}|4[01]\\d{8}|42[0-8]\\d{7}|429[0-3]\\d{6}|" +
"4294[0-8]\\d{5}|42949[0-5]\\d{4}|429496[0-6]\\d{3}|4294967[01]\\d{2}|42949672[0-8]\\d|429496729[0-5])";
// hexadecimal IP address RE.
// A hexadecimal number between 0x0-0xFFFFFFFF. Case insensitive. Zero padding is allowed.
var hexRE = "0[xX]0*[\\da-fA-F]{1,8}";
// IPv6 address RE.
// The format is written as eight groups of four hexadecimal digits, x:x:x:x:x:x:x:x,
// where x is between 0000-ffff. Zero padding is optional. Case insensitive.
var ipv6RE = "([\\da-fA-F]{1,4}\\:){7}[\\da-fA-F]{1,4}";
// IPv6/IPv4 Hybrid address RE.
// The format is written as six groups of four hexadecimal digits,
// followed by the 4 dotted decimal IPv4 format. x:x:x:x:x:x:d.d.d.d
var hybridRE = "([\\da-fA-F]{1,4}\\:){6}" +
"((\\d|[1-9]\\d|1\\d\\d|2[0-4]\\d|25[0-5])\\.){3}(\\d|[1-9]\\d|1\\d\\d|2[0-4]\\d|25[0-5])";
// Build IP Address RE
var a = [];
if(flags.allowDottedDecimal){ a.push(dottedDecimalRE); }
if(flags.allowDottedHex){ a.push(dottedHexRE); }
if(flags.allowDottedOctal){ a.push(dottedOctalRE); }
if(flags.allowDecimal){ a.push(decimalRE); }
if(flags.allowHex){ a.push(hexRE); }
if(flags.allowIPv6){ a.push(ipv6RE); }
if(flags.allowHybrid){ a.push(hybridRE); }
var ipAddressRE = "";
if(a.length > 0){
ipAddressRE = "(" + a.join("|") + ")";
}
return ipAddressRE; // String
}
dojo.regexp.host = function(/*Object?*/flags){
// summary: Builds a RE that matches a host
// description: A host is a domain name or an IP address, possibly followed by a port number.
// flags: An object.
// flags.allowIP Allow an IP address for hostname. Default is true.
// flags.allowLocal Allow the host to be "localhost". Default is false.
// flags.allowPort Allow a port number to be present. Default is true.
// flags in regexp.ipAddress can be applied.
// flags in regexp.tld can be applied.
// assign default values to missing paramters
flags = (typeof flags == "object") ? flags : {};
if(typeof flags.allowIP != "boolean"){ flags.allowIP = true; }
if(typeof flags.allowLocal != "boolean"){ flags.allowLocal = false; }
if(typeof flags.allowPort != "boolean"){ flags.allowPort = true; }
// Domain names can not end with a dash.
var domainNameRE = "([0-9a-zA-Z]([-0-9a-zA-Z]{0,61}[0-9a-zA-Z])?\\.)+" + dojo.regexp.tld(flags);
// port number RE
var portRE = ( flags.allowPort ) ? "(\\:" + dojo.regexp.integer({signed: false}) + ")?" : "";
// build host RE
var hostNameRE = domainNameRE;
if(flags.allowIP){ hostNameRE += "|" + dojo.regexp.ipAddress(flags); }
if(flags.allowLocal){ hostNameRE += "|localhost"; }
return "(" + hostNameRE + ")" + portRE; // String
}
dojo.regexp.url = function(/*Object?*/flags){
// summary: Builds a regular expression that matches a URL
//
// flags: An object
// flags.scheme Can be true, false, or [true, false].
// This means: required, not allowed, or match either one.
// flags in regexp.host can be applied.
// flags in regexp.ipAddress can be applied.
// flags in regexp.tld can be applied.
// assign default values to missing paramters
flags = (typeof flags == "object") ? flags : {};
if(typeof flags.scheme == "undefined"){ flags.scheme = [true, false]; }
// Scheme RE
var protocolRE = dojo.regexp.buildGroupRE(flags.scheme,
function(q){ if(q){ return "(https?|ftps?)\\://"; } return ""; }
);
// Path and query and anchor RE
var pathRE = "(/([^?#\\s/]+/)*)?([^?#\\s/]+(\\?[^?#\\s/]*)?(#[A-Za-z][\\w.:-]*)?)?";
return protocolRE + dojo.regexp.host(flags) + pathRE;
}
dojo.regexp.emailAddress = function(/*Object?*/flags){
// summary: Builds a regular expression that matches an email address
//
//flags: An object
// flags.allowCruft Allow address like <mailto:foo@yahoo.com>. Default is false.
// flags in regexp.host can be applied.
// flags in regexp.ipAddress can be applied.
// flags in regexp.tld can be applied.
// assign default values to missing paramters
flags = (typeof flags == "object") ? flags : {};
if (typeof flags.allowCruft != "boolean") { flags.allowCruft = false; }
flags.allowPort = false; // invalid in email addresses
// user name RE - apostrophes are valid if there's not 2 in a row
var usernameRE = "([\\da-z]+[-._+&'])*[\\da-z]+";
// build emailAddress RE
var emailAddressRE = usernameRE + "@" + dojo.regexp.host(flags);
// Allow email addresses with cruft
if ( flags.allowCruft ) {
emailAddressRE = "<?(mailto\\:)?" + emailAddressRE + ">?";
}
return emailAddressRE; // String
}
dojo.regexp.emailAddressList = function(/*Object?*/flags){
// summary: Builds a regular expression that matches a list of email addresses.
//
// flags: An object.
// flags.listSeparator The character used to separate email addresses. Default is ";", ",", "\n" or " ".
// flags in regexp.emailAddress can be applied.
// flags in regexp.host can be applied.
// flags in regexp.ipAddress can be applied.
// flags in regexp.tld can be applied.
// assign default values to missing paramters
flags = (typeof flags == "object") ? flags : {};
if(typeof flags.listSeparator != "string"){ flags.listSeparator = "\\s;,"; }
// build a RE for an Email Address List
var emailAddressRE = dojo.regexp.emailAddress(flags);
var emailAddressListRE = "(" + emailAddressRE + "\\s*[" + flags.listSeparator + "]\\s*)*" +
emailAddressRE + "\\s*[" + flags.listSeparator + "]?\\s*";
return emailAddressListRE; // String
}
dojo.regexp.integer = function(/*Object?*/flags){
// summary: Builds a regular expression that matches an integer
//
// flags: An object
// flags.signed The leading plus-or-minus sign. Can be true, false, or [true, false].
// Default is [true, false], (i.e. will match if it is signed or unsigned).
// flags.separator The character used as the thousands separator. Default is no separator.
// For more than one symbol use an array, e.g. [",", ""], makes ',' optional.
// flags.groupSize group size between separators
// flags.groupSize2 second grouping (for India)
// assign default values to missing paramters
flags = (typeof flags == "object") ? flags : {};
if(typeof flags.signed == "undefined"){ flags.signed = [true, false]; }
if(typeof flags.separator == "undefined"){
flags.separator = "";
} else if(typeof flags.groupSize == "undefined"){
flags.groupSize = 3;
}
// build sign RE
var signRE = dojo.regexp.buildGroupRE(flags.signed,
function(q) { return q ? "[-+]" : ""; }
);
// number RE
var numberRE = dojo.regexp.buildGroupRE(flags.separator,
function(sep){
if(sep == ""){
return "(0|[1-9]\\d*)";
}
var grp = flags.groupSize, grp2 = flags.groupSize2;
if(typeof grp2 != "undefined"){
var grp2RE = "(0|[1-9]\\d{0," + (grp2-1) + "}([" + sep + "]\\d{" + grp2 + "})*[" + sep + "]\\d{" + grp + "})";
return ((grp-grp2) > 0) ? "(" + grp2RE + "|(0|[1-9]\\d{0," + (grp-1) + "}))" : grp2RE;
}
return "(0|[1-9]\\d{0," + (grp-1) + "}([" + sep + "]\\d{" + grp + "})*)";
}
);
// integer RE
return signRE + numberRE; // String
}
dojo.regexp.realNumber = function(/*Object?*/flags){
// summary: Builds a regular expression to match a real number in exponential notation
//
// flags:An object
// flags.places The integer number of decimal places.
// If not given, the decimal part is optional and the number of places is unlimited.
// flags.decimal A string for the character used as the decimal point. Default is ".".
// flags.fractional Whether decimal places are allowed.
// Can be true, false, or [true, false]. Default is [true, false]
// flags.exponent Express in exponential notation. Can be true, false, or [true, false].
// Default is [true, false], (i.e. will match if the exponential part is present are not).
// flags.eSigned The leading plus-or-minus sign on the exponent. Can be true, false,
// or [true, false]. Default is [true, false], (i.e. will match if it is signed or unsigned).
// flags in regexp.integer can be applied.
// assign default values to missing paramters
flags = (typeof flags == "object") ? flags : {};
if(typeof flags.places != "number"){ flags.places = Infinity; }
if(typeof flags.decimal != "string"){ flags.decimal = "."; }
if(typeof flags.fractional == "undefined"){ flags.fractional = [true, false]; }
if(typeof flags.exponent == "undefined"){ flags.exponent = [true, false]; }
if(typeof flags.eSigned == "undefined"){ flags.eSigned = [true, false]; }
// integer RE
var integerRE = dojo.regexp.integer(flags);
// decimal RE
var decimalRE = dojo.regexp.buildGroupRE(flags.fractional,
function(q){
var re = "";
if(q && (flags.places > 0)){
re = "\\" + flags.decimal;
if(flags.places == Infinity){
re = "(" + re + "\\d+)?";
}else{
re = re + "\\d{" + flags.places + "}";
}
}
return re;
}
);
// exponent RE
var exponentRE = dojo.regexp.buildGroupRE(flags.exponent,
function(q){
if(q){ return "([eE]" + dojo.regexp.integer({ signed: flags.eSigned}) + ")"; }
return "";
}
);
// real number RE
return integerRE + decimalRE + exponentRE; // String
}
dojo.regexp.currency = function(/*Object?*/flags){
// summary: Builds a regular expression to match a monetary value
//
// flags: An object
// flags.symbol A currency symbol such as Yen "�", Pound "�", or the Euro sign "�".
// Default is "$". For more than one symbol use an array, e.g. ["$", ""], makes $ optional.
// flags.placement The symbol can come "before" the number or "after" the number. Default is "before".
// flags.signPlacement The sign can come "before" the number or "after" the sign,
// "around" to put parentheses around negative values, or "end" for the final char. Default is "before".
// flags.cents deprecated, in favor of flags.fractional
// flags in regexp.realNumber can be applied except exponent, eSigned.
// assign default values to missing paramters
flags = (typeof flags == "object") ? flags : {};
if(typeof flags.signed == "undefined"){ flags.signed = [true, false]; }
if(typeof flags.symbol == "undefined"){ flags.symbol = "$"; }
if(typeof flags.placement != "string"){ flags.placement = "before"; }
if(typeof flags.signPlacement != "string"){ flags.signPlacement = "before"; }
if(typeof flags.separator == "undefined"){ flags.separator = ","; }
if(typeof flags.fractional == "undefined" && typeof flags.cents != "undefined"){
dojo.deprecated("dojo.regexp.currency: flags.cents", "use flags.fractional instead", "0.5");
flags.fractional = flags.cents;
}
if(typeof flags.decimal != "string"){ flags.decimal = "."; }
// build sign RE
var signRE = dojo.regexp.buildGroupRE(flags.signed,
function(q){ if (q){ return "[-+]"; } return ""; }
);
// build symbol RE
var symbolRE = dojo.regexp.buildGroupRE(flags.symbol,
function(symbol){
// escape all special characters
return "\\s?" + symbol.replace( /([.$?*!=:|\\\/^])/g, "\\$1") + "\\s?";
}
);
switch (flags.signPlacement){
case "before":
symbolRE = signRE + symbolRE;
break;
case "after":
symbolRE = symbolRE + signRE;
break;
}
// number RE
var flagsCopy = flags; //TODO: copy by value?
flagsCopy.signed = false; flagsCopy.exponent = false;
var numberRE = dojo.regexp.realNumber(flagsCopy);
// build currency RE
var currencyRE;
switch (flags.placement){
case "before":
currencyRE = symbolRE + numberRE;
break;
case "after":
currencyRE = numberRE + symbolRE;
break;
}
switch (flags.signPlacement){
case "around":
currencyRE = "(" + currencyRE + "|" + "\\(" + currencyRE + "\\)" + ")";
break;
case "begin":
currencyRE = signRE + currencyRE;
break;
case "end":
currencyRE = currencyRE + signRE;
break;
}
return currencyRE; // String
}
dojo.regexp.us.state = function(/*Object?*/flags){
// summary: A regular expression to match US state and territory abbreviations
//
// flags An object.
// flags.allowTerritories Allow Guam, Puerto Rico, etc. Default is true.
// flags.allowMilitary Allow military 'states', e.g. Armed Forces Europe (AE). Default is true.
// assign default values to missing paramters
flags = (typeof flags == "object") ? flags : {};
if(typeof flags.allowTerritories != "boolean"){ flags.allowTerritories = true; }
if(typeof flags.allowMilitary != "boolean"){ flags.allowMilitary = true; }
// state RE
var statesRE =
"AL|AK|AZ|AR|CA|CO|CT|DE|DC|FL|GA|HI|ID|IL|IN|IA|KS|KY|LA|ME|MD|MA|MI|MN|MS|MO|MT|" +
"NE|NV|NH|NJ|NM|NY|NC|ND|OH|OK|OR|PA|RI|SC|SD|TN|TX|UT|VT|VA|WA|WV|WI|WY";
// territories RE
var territoriesRE = "AS|FM|GU|MH|MP|PW|PR|VI";
// military states RE
var militaryRE = "AA|AE|AP";
// Build states and territories RE
if(flags.allowTerritories){ statesRE += "|" + territoriesRE; }
if(flags.allowMilitary){ statesRE += "|" + militaryRE; }
return "(" + statesRE + ")"; // String
}
dojo.regexp.time = function(/*Object?*/flags){
// summary: Builds a regular expression to match any International format for time
// description: The RE can match one format or one of multiple formats.
//
// Format
// h 12 hour, no zero padding.
// hh 12 hour, has leading zero.
// H 24 hour, no zero padding.
// HH 24 hour, has leading zero.
// m minutes, no zero padding.
// mm minutes, has leading zero.
// s seconds, no zero padding.
// ss seconds, has leading zero.
// t am or pm, case insensitive.
// All other characters must appear literally in the expression.
//
// Example
// "h:m:s t" -> 2:5:33 PM
// "HH:mm:ss" -> 14:05:33
//
// flags: An object
// flags.format A string or an array of strings. Default is "h:mm:ss t".
// flags.amSymbol The symbol used for AM. Default is "AM".
// flags.pmSymbol The symbol used for PM. Default is "PM".
dojo.deprecated("dojo.regexp.time", "Use dojo.date.parse instead", "0.5");
// assign default values to missing paramters
flags = (typeof flags == "object") ? flags : {};
if(typeof flags.format == "undefined"){ flags.format = "h:mm:ss t"; }
if(typeof flags.amSymbol != "string"){ flags.amSymbol = "AM"; }
if(typeof flags.pmSymbol != "string"){ flags.pmSymbol = "PM"; }
// Converts a time format to a RE
var timeRE = function(format){
// escape all special characters
format = format.replace( /([.$?*!=:|{}\(\)\[\]\\\/^])/g, "\\$1");
var amRE = flags.amSymbol.replace( /([.$?*!=:|{}\(\)\[\]\\\/^])/g, "\\$1");
var pmRE = flags.pmSymbol.replace( /([.$?*!=:|{}\(\)\[\]\\\/^])/g, "\\$1");
// replace tokens with Regular Expressions
format = format.replace("hh", "(0[1-9]|1[0-2])");
format = format.replace("h", "([1-9]|1[0-2])");
format = format.replace("HH", "([01][0-9]|2[0-3])");
format = format.replace("H", "([0-9]|1[0-9]|2[0-3])");
format = format.replace("mm", "([0-5][0-9])");
format = format.replace("m", "([1-5][0-9]|[0-9])");
format = format.replace("ss", "([0-5][0-9])");
format = format.replace("s", "([1-5][0-9]|[0-9])");
format = format.replace("t", "\\s?(" + amRE + "|" + pmRE + ")\\s?" );
return format; // String
};
// build RE for multiple time formats
return dojo.regexp.buildGroupRE(flags.format, timeRE); // String
}
dojo.regexp.numberFormat = function(/*Object?*/flags){
// summary: Builds a regular expression to match any sort of number based format
// description:
// Use this method for phone numbers, social security numbers, zip-codes, etc.
// The RE can match one format or one of multiple formats.
//
// Format
// # Stands for a digit, 0-9.
// ? Stands for an optional digit, 0-9 or nothing.
// All other characters must appear literally in the expression.
//
// Example
// "(###) ###-####" -> (510) 542-9742
// "(###) ###-#### x#???" -> (510) 542-9742 x153
// "###-##-####" -> 506-82-1089 i.e. social security number
// "#####-####" -> 98225-1649 i.e. zip code
//
// flags: An object
// flags.format A string or an Array of strings for multiple formats.
// assign default values to missing paramters
flags = (typeof flags == "object") ? flags : {};
if(typeof flags.format == "undefined"){ flags.format = "###-###-####"; }
// Converts a number format to RE.
var digitRE = function(format){
// escape all special characters, except '?'
format = format.replace( /([.$*!=:|{}\(\)\[\]\\\/^])/g, "\\$1");
// Now replace '?' with Regular Expression
format = format.replace(/\?/g, "\\d?");
// replace # with Regular Expression
format = format.replace(/#/g, "\\d");
return format; // String
};
// build RE for multiple number formats
return dojo.regexp.buildGroupRE(flags.format, digitRE); //String
}
dojo.regexp.buildGroupRE = function(/*value or Array of values*/a, /*Function(x) returns a regular expression as a String*/re){
// summary: Builds a regular expression that groups subexpressions
// description: A utility function used by some of the RE generators.
// The subexpressions are constructed by the function, re, in the second parameter.
// re builds one subexpression for each elem in the array a, in the first parameter.
// Returns a string for a regular expression that groups all the subexpressions.
//
// a: A single value or an array of values.
// re: A function. Takes one parameter and converts it to a regular expression.
// case 1: a is a single value.
if(!(a instanceof Array)){
return re(a); // String
}
// case 2: a is an array
var b = [];
for (var i = 0; i < a.length; i++){
// convert each elem to a RE
b.push(re(a[i]));
}
// join the REs as alternatives in a RE group.
return "(" + b.join("|") + ")"; // String
}