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| |
| <section id="cromfs"> |
| <h1>CROMFS<a class="headerlink" href="#cromfs" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h1> |
| <section id="overview"> |
| <h2>Overview<a class="headerlink" href="#overview" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2> |
| <p>This directory contains the the CROMFS file system. This is an in-memory |
| (meaning no block driver), read-only (meaning that can lie in FLASH) file |
| system. It uses LZF decompression on data only (meta data is not |
| compressed).</p> |
| <p>It accesses the in-memory file system via directory memory reads and, hence, |
| can only reside in random access NOR-like FLASH. It is intended for use |
| with on-chip FLASH available on most MCUs (the design could probably be |
| extended to access non-random-access FLASH as well, but those extensions |
| are not yet in place).</p> |
| <p>I do not have a good way to measure how much compression we get using LZF. |
| I have seen 37% compression reported in other applications, so I have to |
| accept that for now. That means, for example, that you could have a file |
| system with 512Kb of data in only 322Kb of FLASH, giving you 190Kb to do |
| other things with.</p> |
| <p>LZF compression is not known for its high compression ratios, but rather |
| for fast decompression. According to the author of the LZF decompression |
| routine, it is nearly as fast as a memcpy!</p> |
| <p>There is also a new tool at /tools/gencromfs.c that will generate binary |
| images for the NuttX CROMFS file system and and an example CROMFS file |
| system image at apps/examples/cromfs. That example includes a test file |
| system that looks like:</p> |
| <div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ ls -Rl ../apps/examples/cromfs/cromfs |
| ../apps/examples/cromfs/cromfs: |
| total 2 |
| -rwxr--r--+ 1 spuda spuda 171 Mar 20 08:02 BaaBaaBlackSheep.txt |
| drwxrwxr-x+ 1 spuda spuda 0 Mar 20 08:11 emptydir |
| -rwxr--r--+ 1 spuda spuda 118 Mar 20 08:05 JackSprat.txt |
| drwxrwxr-x+ 1 spuda spuda 0 Mar 20 08:06 testdir1 |
| drwxrwxr-x+ 1 spuda spuda 0 Mar 20 08:10 testdir2 |
| drwxrwxr-x+ 1 spuda spuda 0 Mar 20 08:05 testdir3 |
| ../apps/examples/cromfs/cromfs/emptydir: |
| total 0 |
| ../apps/examples/cromfs/cromfs/testdir1: |
| total 2 |
| -rwxr--r--+ 1 spuda spuda 249 Mar 20 08:03 DingDongDell.txt |
| -rwxr--r--+ 1 spuda spuda 247 Mar 20 08:06 SeeSawMargorieDaw.txt |
| ../apps/examples/cromfs/cromfs/testdir2: |
| total 5 |
| -rwxr--r--+ 1 spuda spuda 118 Mar 20 08:04 HickoryDickoryDock.txt |
| -rwxr--r--+ 1 spuda spuda 2082 Mar 20 08:10 TheThreeLittlePigs.txt |
| ../apps/examples/cromfs/cromfs/testdir3: |
| total 1 |
| -rwxr--r--+ 1 spuda spuda 138 Mar 20 08:05 JackBeNimble.txt |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| <p>When built into NuttX and deployed on a target, it looks like:</p> |
| <div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>NuttShell (NSH) NuttX-7.24 |
| nsh> mount -t cromfs /mnt/cromfs |
| nsh> ls -Rl /mnt/cromfs |
| /mnt/cromfs: |
| dr-xr-xr-x 0 . |
| -rwxr--r-- 171 BaaBaaBlackSheep.txt |
| dr-xr-xr-x 0 emptydir/ |
| -rwxr--r-- 118 JackSprat.txt |
| dr-xr-xr-x 0 testdir1/ |
| dr-xr-xr-x 0 testdir2/ |
| dr-xr-xr-x 0 testdir3/ |
| /mnt/cromfs/emptydir: |
| drwxrwxr-x 0 . |
| dr-xr-xr-x 0 .. |
| /mnt/cromfs/testdir1: |
| drwxrwxr-x 0 . |
| dr-xr-xr-x 0 .. |
| -rwxr--r-- 249 DingDongDell.txt |
| -rwxr--r-- 247 SeeSawMargorieDaw.txt |
| /mnt/cromfs/testdir2: |
| drwxrwxr-x 0 . |
| dr-xr-xr-x 0 .. |
| -rwxr--r-- 118 HickoryDickoryDock.txt |
| -rwxr--r-- 2082 TheThreeLittlePigs.txt |
| /mnt/cromfs/testdir3: |
| drwxrwxr-x 0 . |
| dr-xr-xr-x 0 .. |
| -rwxr--r-- 138 JackBeNimble.txt |
| nsh> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| <p>Everything I have tried works: examining directories, catting files, etc. |
| The “.” and “..” hard links also work:</p> |
| <div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>nsh> cd /mnt/cromfs |
| nsh> cat emptydir/../testdir1/DingDongDell.txt |
| Ding, dong, bell, |
| Pussy's in the well. |
| Who put her in? |
| Little Johnny Green. |
| |
| Who pulled her out? |
| Little Tommy Stout. |
| What a naughty boy was that, |
| To try to drown poor pussy cat, |
| Who never did him any harm, |
| And killed the mice in his father's barn. |
| |
| nsh> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| </section> |
| <section id="gencromfs"> |
| <h2>gencromfs<a class="headerlink" href="#gencromfs" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2> |
| <p>The genromfs program can be found in tools/. It is a single C file called |
| gencromfs.c. It can be built in this way:</p> |
| <div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>cd tools |
| make -f Makefile.host gencromfs |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| <p>The genromfs tool used to generate CROMFS file system images. Usage is |
| simple:</p> |
| <div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>gencromfs <dir-path> <out-file> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| <p>Where:</p> |
| <div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><dir-path> is the path to the directory will be at the root of the |
| new CROMFS file system image. |
| <out-file> the name of the generated, output C file. This file must |
| be compiled in order to generate the binary CROMFS file system |
| image. |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| <p>All of these steps are automated in the apps/examples/cromfs/Makefile. |
| Refer to that Makefile as an reference.</p> |
| </section> |
| <section id="architecture"> |
| <h2>Architecture<a class="headerlink" href="#architecture" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2> |
| <p>The CROMFS file system is represented by an in-memory data structure. This |
| structure is a “tree.” At the root of the tree is a “volume node” that |
| describes the overall operating system. Other entities within the file |
| system are presented by other types of nodes: hard links, directories, and |
| files. These nodes are all described in fs/cromfs/cromfs.h.</p> |
| <p>In addition to general volume information, the volume node provides an |
| offset to the the “root directory”. The root directory, like all other |
| CROMFS directories is simply a singly linked list of other nodes: hard link |
| nodes, directory nodes, and files. This list is managed by “peer offsets”: |
| Each node in the directory contains an offset to its peer in the same |
| directory. This directory list is terminated with a zero offset.</p> |
| <p>The volume header lies at offset zero. Hence, any offset to a node or data |
| block can be converted to an absolute address in the in-memory CROMFS image |
| by simply adding that offset to the well-known address of the volume header.</p> |
| <p>Each hard link, directory, and file node in the directory list includes |
| such a “peer offset” to the next node in the list. Each node is followed |
| by the NUL-terminated name of the node. Each node also holds an additional |
| offset. Directory nodes contain a “child offset”. That is, the offset to |
| the first entry in another singly linked list of nodes comprising the sub- |
| directory.</p> |
| <p>Hard link nodes hold the “link offset” to the node which is the target of |
| the link. The link offset may be an offset to another hard link node, to a |
| directory, or to a file node. The directory link offset would refer the |
| first node in singly linked directory list that represents the directory.</p> |
| <p>File nodes provide file data. The file name string is followed by a |
| variable length list of compressed data blocks. In this case each |
| compressed data block begins with an LZF header as described in |
| include/lzf.h.</p> |
| <p>So, given this description, we could illustrate the sample CROMFS file |
| system above with these nodes (where V=volume node, H=Hard link node, |
| D=directory node, F=file node, D=Data block):</p> |
| <div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>V |
| `- +- H: . |
| | |
| +- F: BaaBaaBlackSheep.txt |
| | `- D,D,D,...D |
| +- D: emptydir |
| | |- H: . |
| | `- H: .. |
| +- F: JackSprat.txt |
| | `- D,D,D,...D |
| +- D: testdir1 |
| | |- H: . |
| | |- H: .. |
| | |- F: DingDongDell.txt |
| | | `- D,D,D,...D |
| | `- F: SeeSawMargorieDaw.txt |
| | `- D,D,D,...D |
| +- D: testdir2 |
| | |- H: . |
| | |- H: .. |
| | |- F: HickoryDickoryDock.txt |
| | | `- D,D,D,...D |
| | `- F: TheThreeLittlePigs.txt |
| | `- D,D,D,...D |
| +- D: testdir3 |
| |- H: . |
| |- H: .. |
| `- F: JackBeNimble.txt |
| `- D,D,D,...D |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| <p>Where, for example:</p> |
| <div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>H: .. |
| |
| Represents a hard-link node with name ".." |
| |
| | |
| +- D: testdir1 |
| | |- H: . |
| |
| Represents a directory node named "testdir1". The first node of the |
| directory list is a hard link with name "." |
| |
| | |
| +- F: JackSprat.txt |
| | `- D,D,D,...D |
| |
| Represents f file node named "JackSprat.txt" and is followed by some |
| sequence of compressed data blocks, D. |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| </section> |
| <section id="configuration"> |
| <h2>Configuration<a class="headerlink" href="#configuration" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2> |
| <p>To build the CROMFS file system, you would add the following to your |
| configuration:</p> |
| <ol class="arabic"> |
| <li><p>Enable LZF (The other LZF settings apply only to compression |
| and, hence, have no impact on CROMFS which only decompresses):</p> |
| <div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>CONFIG_LIBC_LZF=y |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| <p>NOTE: This should be selected automatically when CONFIG_FS_CROMFS |
| is enabled.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li><p>Enable the CROMFS file system:</p> |
| <div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>CONFIG_FS_CROMFS=y |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| </li> |
| <li><p>Enable the apps/examples/cromfs example:</p> |
| <div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>CONFIG_EXAMPLES_CROMFS=y |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| <p>Or the apps/examples/elf example if you like:</p> |
| <div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>CONFIG_ELF=y |
| # CONFIG_BINFMT_DISABLE is not set |
| CONFIG_EXAMPLES_ELF=y |
| CONFIG_EXAMPLES_ELF_CROMFS=y |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| <p>Or implement your own custom CROMFS file system that example as a |
| guideline.</p> |
| </li> |
| </ol> |
| </section> |
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