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| |
| <section id="binary-loader"> |
| <span id="binfmt"></span><h1>Binary Loader<a class="headerlink" href="#binary-loader" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h1> |
| <p>The purpose of a <em>binary loader</em> is to load and |
| execute modules in various <em>binary formats</em> that reside in a file |
| system. Loading refers instantiating the binary module in some fashion, |
| usually copy all or some of the binary module into memory and then |
| linking the module with other components. In most architectures, it is |
| the base FLASH code that is the primary component that the binary module |
| must link with because that is where the RTOS and primary tasks reside. |
| Program modules can then be executed after they have been loaded.</p> |
| <p><strong>Binary Formats</strong>. The binary loader provides generic support for |
| different binary formats. It supports a <em>registration interface</em> that |
| allows the number of support binary formats to be loaded at run time. |
| Each binary format provides a common, interface for use by the binary |
| loader. When asked to load a binary, the binary loader will query each |
| registered binary format, providing it with the path of the binary |
| object to be loaded. The binary loader will stop when first binary |
| format the recognizes the binary object and successfully loads it or |
| when all registered binary formats have attempt loading the binary |
| object and failed.</p> |
| <p>At present, the following binary formats are support by NuttX:</p> |
| <blockquote> |
| <div><ul class="simple"> |
| <li><p><strong>ELF</strong>. Standard ELF formatted files.</p></li> |
| <li><p><strong>NXFLAT</strong>. NuttX NXFLAT formatted files. More information about the |
| NXFLAT binary format can be found in the <a class="reference internal" href="nxflat.html#nxflat"><span class="std std-ref">NXFLAT |
| documentation</span></a>.</p></li> |
| </ul> |
| </div></blockquote> |
| <p><strong>Executables and Libraries</strong> The generic binary loader logic does not |
| care what it is that it being loaded. It could load an executable |
| program or a library. There are no strict rules, but a library will tend |
| to export symbols and a program will tend to import symbols: The program |
| will use the symbols exported by the library. However, at this point in |
| time, none of the supported binary formats support exporting of symbols.</p> |
| <p><strong>binfmt</strong>. In the NuttX source code, the short name <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">binfmt</span></code> is used |
| to refer to the NuttX binary loader. This is the name of the directory |
| containing the binary loader and the name of the header files and |
| variables used by the binary loader.</p> |
| <p>The name <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">binfmt</span></code> is the same name used by the Linux binary loader. |
| However, the NuttX binary loader is an independent development and |
| shares nothing with the Linux binary loader other the same name and the |
| same basic functionality.</p> |
| <section id="binary-loader-interface"> |
| <h2>Binary Loader Interface<a class="headerlink" href="#binary-loader-interface" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2> |
| <section id="header-files"> |
| <h3>Header Files<a class="headerlink" href="#header-files" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3> |
| <p>The interface to the binary loader is described in the header file |
| <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">include/nuttx/binfmt/binfmt.h</span></code>. |
| A brief summary of the data structures and interfaces prototyped in that |
| header file are listed below.</p> |
| </section> |
| <section id="data-structures"> |
| <h3>Data Structures<a class="headerlink" href="#data-structures" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3> |
| <p>When a binary format registers with the binary loader, it provides a |
| pointer to a write-able instance of <a class="reference internal" href="#c.binfmt_s" title="binfmt_s"><code class="xref c c-struct docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">binfmt_s</span></code></a>.</p> |
| <dl class="c struct"> |
| <dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.binfmt_s"> |
| <span class="k"><span class="pre">struct</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">binfmt_s</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.binfmt_s" title="Permalink to this definition"></a><br /></dt> |
| <dd><div class="highlight-c notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">binfmt_s</span> |
| <span class="p">{</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">FAR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">binfmt_s</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">next</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Supports a singly-linked list */</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">load</span><span class="p">)(</span><span class="n">FAR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">binary_s</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">bin</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Verify and load binary into memory */</span> |
| <span class="p">};</span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| <p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">load</span></code> method is used to load the binary format into memory. It |
| returns either <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OK</span></code> (0) meaning that the binary object was loaded |
| successfully, or a negated <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">errno</span></code> indicating why the object was not |
| loaded.</p> |
| </dd></dl> |
| |
| <dl class="c struct"> |
| <dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.binary_s"> |
| <span class="k"><span class="pre">struct</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">binary_s</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.binary_s" title="Permalink to this definition"></a><br /></dt> |
| <dd><p>The type <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">struct</span> <span class="pre">binary_s</span></code> is use both to (1) describe the binary |
| object to be loaded, and if successfully loaded, (2) to provide |
| information about where and how the binary object was loaded. That |
| structure is shown below:</p> |
| <div class="highlight-c notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">symtab_s</span><span class="p">;</span> |
| <span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">binary_s</span> |
| <span class="p">{</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Information provided to the loader to load and bind a module */</span> |
| |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">FAR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">filename</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Full path to the binary to be loaded */</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">FAR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">**</span><span class="n">argv</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Argument list */</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">FAR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">symtab_s</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">exports</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Table of exported symbols */</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nexports</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* The number of symbols in exports[] */</span> |
| |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Information provided from the loader (if successful) describing the</span> |
| <span class="cm"> * resources used by the loaded module.</span> |
| <span class="cm"> */</span> |
| |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">main_t</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">entrypt</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Entry point into a program module */</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">FAR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">mapped</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Memory-mapped, address space */</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">FAR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">alloc</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">BINFMT_NALLOC</span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Allocated address spaces */</span> |
| |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Constructors/destructors */</span> |
| |
| <span class="cp">#ifdef CONFIG_BINFMT_CONSTRUCTORS</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">FAR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">binfmt_ctor_t</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">ctors</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Pointer to a list of constructors */</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">FAR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">binfmt_dtor_t</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">dtors</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Pointer to a list of destructors */</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">uint16_t</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nctors</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Number of constructors in the list */</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">uint16_t</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ndtors</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Number of destructors in the list */</span> |
| <span class="cp">#endif</span> |
| |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Address environment.</span> |
| <span class="cm"> *</span> |
| <span class="cm"> * addrenv - This is the handle created by up_addrenv_create() that can be</span> |
| <span class="cm"> * used to manage the tasks address space.</span> |
| <span class="cm"> */</span> |
| |
| <span class="cp">#ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_ADDRENV</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">arch_addrenv_t</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">addrenv</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Task group address environment */</span> |
| <span class="cp">#endif</span> |
| |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">size_t</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mapsize</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Size of the mapped address region (needed for munmap) */</span> |
| |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Start-up information that is provided by the loader, but may be modified</span> |
| <span class="cm"> * by the caller between load_module() and exec_module() calls.</span> |
| <span class="cm"> */</span> |
| |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">uint8_t</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">priority</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Task execution priority */</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">size_t</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stacksize</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Size of the stack in bytes (unallocated) */</span> |
| <span class="cp">#ifndef CONFIG_BUILD_KERNEL</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">FAR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">stackaddr</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Task stack address */</span> |
| <span class="cp">#endif</span> |
| <span class="p">};</span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| <p>Where the types <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">binfmt_ctor_t</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">binfmt_dtor_t</span></code> define the type |
| of one C++ constructor or destructor:</p> |
| <div class="highlight-c notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">typedef</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">FAR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">binfmt_ctor_t</span><span class="p">)(</span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="p">);</span> |
| <span class="k">typedef</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">FAR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">binfmt_dtor_t</span><span class="p">)(</span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="p">);</span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| </dd></dl> |
| |
| </section> |
| <section id="function-interfaces"> |
| <h3>Function Interfaces<a class="headerlink" href="#function-interfaces" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3> |
| <section id="binary-format-management"> |
| <h4>Binary format management<a class="headerlink" href="#binary-format-management" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4> |
| <dl class="c function"> |
| <dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.register_binfmt"> |
| <span class="kt"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">register_binfmt</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="pre">FAR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k"><span class="pre">struct</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference internal" href="#c.binfmt_s" title="binfmt_s"><span class="n"><span class="pre">binfmt_s</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">binfmt</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.register_binfmt" title="Permalink to this definition"></a><br /></dt> |
| <dd><p>Register a loader for a binary format.</p> |
| <dl class="field-list simple"> |
| <dt class="field-odd">Returns<span class="colon">:</span></dt> |
| <dd class="field-odd"><p>This is a NuttX internal function so it follows the convention |
| that 0 (OK) is returned on success and a negated errno is returned on |
| failure.</p> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| </dd></dl> |
| |
| <dl class="c function"> |
| <dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.unregister_binfmt"> |
| <span class="kt"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">unregister_binfmt</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="pre">FAR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k"><span class="pre">struct</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference internal" href="#c.binfmt_s" title="binfmt_s"><span class="n"><span class="pre">binfmt_s</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">binfmt</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.unregister_binfmt" title="Permalink to this definition"></a><br /></dt> |
| <dd><p>Register a loader for a binary format.</p> |
| <dl class="field-list simple"> |
| <dt class="field-odd">Returns<span class="colon">:</span></dt> |
| <dd class="field-odd"><p>This is a NuttX internal function so it follows the convention |
| that 0 (OK) is returned on success and a negated errno is returned on |
| failure.</p> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| </dd></dl> |
| |
| </section> |
| <section id="basic-module-management"> |
| <h4>Basic module management<a class="headerlink" href="#basic-module-management" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4> |
| <dl class="c function"> |
| <dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.load_module"> |
| <span class="kt"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">load_module</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="pre">FAR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k"><span class="pre">struct</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference internal" href="#c.binary_s" title="binary_s"><span class="n"><span class="pre">binary_s</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">bin</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.load_module" title="Permalink to this definition"></a><br /></dt> |
| <dd><p>Load a module into memory, bind it to an exported symbol take, |
| and prep the module for execution.</p> |
| <dl class="field-list simple"> |
| <dt class="field-odd">Parameters<span class="colon">:</span></dt> |
| <dd class="field-odd"><ul class="simple"> |
| <li><p><strong>bin</strong> – The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">filename</span></code> field will be used |
| in order to locate the module to be loaded from the file system. |
| The filename must be the full, absolute path to the file to be executed |
| unless <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CONFIG_LIBC_ENVPATH</span></code> is defined. In that case, filename may be |
| a relative path; a set of candidate absolute paths will be generated using |
| the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PATH</span></code> environment variable and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">load_module()</span></code> will attempt to load each |
| file that is found at those absolute paths.</p></li> |
| </ul> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="field-even">Returns<span class="colon">:</span></dt> |
| <dd class="field-even"><p>This is a NuttX internal function so it follows the convention that 0 (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OK</span></code>) |
| is returned on success and a negated <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">errno</span></code> is returned on failure.</p> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| </dd></dl> |
| |
| <dl class="c function"> |
| <dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.unload_module"> |
| <span class="kt"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">unload_module</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="pre">FAR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k"><span class="pre">struct</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference internal" href="#c.binary_s" title="binary_s"><span class="n"><span class="pre">binary_s</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">bin</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.unload_module" title="Permalink to this definition"></a><br /></dt> |
| <dd><p>Unload a (non-executing) module from memory. If the module has been started |
| (via <a class="reference internal" href="#c.exec_module" title="exec_module"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">exec_module()</span></code></a>) and has not exited, calling this will be fatal.</p> |
| <p>However, this function must be called after the module exist. How this is |
| done is up to your logic. Perhaps you register it to be called by <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/user/03_task_control.html#c.on_exit" title="on_exit"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">on_exit()</span></code></a>?</p> |
| <dl class="field-list simple"> |
| <dt class="field-odd">Returns<span class="colon">:</span></dt> |
| <dd class="field-odd"><p>This is a NuttX internal function so it follows the convention that 0 (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OK</span></code>) |
| is returned on success and a negated <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">errno</span></code> is returned on failure.</p> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| </dd></dl> |
| |
| <dl class="c function"> |
| <dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.exec_module"> |
| <span class="kt"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">exec_module</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="pre">FAR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k"><span class="pre">const</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k"><span class="pre">struct</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference internal" href="#c.binary_s" title="binary_s"><span class="n"><span class="pre">binary_s</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">bin</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">;</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.exec_module" title="Permalink to this definition"></a><br /></dt> |
| <dd><p>Execute a module that has been loaded into memory by <a class="reference internal" href="#c.load_module" title="load_module"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">load_module()</span></code></a>.</p> |
| <dl class="field-list simple"> |
| <dt class="field-odd">Returns<span class="colon">:</span></dt> |
| <dd class="field-odd"><p>This is a NuttX internal function so it follows the convention that 0 (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OK</span></code>) |
| is returned on success and a negated <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">errno</span></code> is returned on failure.</p> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| </dd></dl> |
| |
| <div class="admonition tip"> |
| <p class="admonition-title">Tip</p> |
| <p>The function <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/user/01_task_control.html#c.exec" title="exec"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">exec()</span></code></a> is a convenience function that wraps |
| <a class="reference internal" href="#c.load_module" title="load_module"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">load_module()</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#c.exec_module" title="exec_module"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">exec_module()</span></code></a> into one call.</p> |
| </div> |
| </section> |
| <section id="path-traversal-logic"> |
| <h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PATH</span></code> traversal logic<a class="headerlink" href="#path-traversal-logic" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4> |
| <dl class="c function"> |
| <dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.envpath_init"> |
| <span class="n"><span class="pre">ENVPATH_HANDLE</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">envpath_init</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="kt"><span class="pre">void</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">;</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.envpath_init" title="Permalink to this definition"></a><br /></dt> |
| <dd><p>Initialize for the traversal of each value in the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PATH</span></code> variable. The |
| usage is sequence is as follows:</p> |
| <ol class="arabic simple"> |
| <li><p>Call <a class="reference internal" href="#c.envpath_init" title="envpath_init"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">envpath_init()</span></code></a> to initialize for the traversal. |
| <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">envpath_init()</span></code> will return an opaque handle that can then be |
| provided to <a class="reference internal" href="#c.envpath_next" title="envpath_next"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">envpath_next()</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#c.envpath_release" title="envpath_release"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">envpath_release()</span></code></a>.</p></li> |
| <li><p>Call <a class="reference internal" href="#c.envpath_next" title="envpath_next"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">envpath_next()</span></code></a> repeatedly to examine every file that lies in |
| the directories of the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PATH</span></code> variable.</p></li> |
| <li><p>Call <a class="reference internal" href="#c.envpath_release" title="envpath_release"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">envpath_release()</span></code></a> to free resources set aside by |
| <a class="reference internal" href="#c.envpath_init" title="envpath_init"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">envpath_init()</span></code></a>.</p></li> |
| </ol> |
| <dl class="field-list simple"> |
| <dt class="field-odd">Returns<span class="colon">:</span></dt> |
| <dd class="field-odd"><p>On success, <a class="reference internal" href="#c.envpath_init" title="envpath_init"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">envpath_init()</span></code></a> return a non-<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code>, opaque handle |
| that may subsequently be used in calls to <a class="reference internal" href="#c.envpath_next" title="envpath_next"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">envpath_next()</span></code></a> and |
| <a class="reference internal" href="#c.envpath_release" title="envpath_release"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">envpath_release()</span></code></a>. On error, a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> handle value will be returned. |
| The most likely cause of an error would be that there is no value |
| associated with the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PATH</span></code> variable.</p> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| </dd></dl> |
| |
| <dl class="c function"> |
| <dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.envpath_next"> |
| <span class="pre">FAR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt"><span class="pre">char</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">envpath_next</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="n"><span class="pre">ENVPATH_HANDLE</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">handle</span></span>, <span class="pre">FAR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k"><span class="pre">const</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt"><span class="pre">char</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">relpath</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.envpath_next" title="Permalink to this definition"></a><br /></dt> |
| <dd><p>Traverse all possible values in the PATH variable in attempt to find the |
| full path to an executable file when only a relative path is provided.</p> |
| <dl class="field-list simple"> |
| <dt class="field-odd">Parameters<span class="colon">:</span></dt> |
| <dd class="field-odd"><ul class="simple"> |
| <li><p><strong>handle</strong> – The handle value returned by <a class="reference internal" href="#c.envpath_init" title="envpath_init"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">envpath_init()</span></code></a>.</p></li> |
| <li><p><strong>relpath</strong> – The relative path to the file to be found.</p></li> |
| </ul> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="field-even">Returns<span class="colon">:</span></dt> |
| <dd class="field-even"><p>On success, a non-<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> pointer to a null-terminated string is provided. |
| This is the full path to a file that exists in the file system. |
| This function will verify that the file exists (but will not verify that it is marked executable).</p> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| <div class="admonition note"> |
| <p class="admonition-title">Note</p> |
| <p>The string pointer return in the success case points to allocated memory. |
| This memory must be freed by the called by calling <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">kmm_free()</span></code>.</p> |
| </div> |
| <p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> relpath from any absolute path in the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PATH</span></code> variable. |
| In this case, there is no point in calling <a class="reference internal" href="#c.envpath_next" title="envpath_next"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">envpath_next()</span></code></a> further; |
| <a class="reference internal" href="#c.envpath_release" title="envpath_release"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">envpath_release()</span></code></a> must be called to release resources set aside by |
| <a class="reference internal" href="#c.envpath_init" title="envpath_init"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">envpath_init()</span></code></a>.</p> |
| </dd></dl> |
| |
| <dl class="c function"> |
| <dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.envpath_release"> |
| <span class="kt"><span class="pre">void</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">envpath_release</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="n"><span class="pre">ENVPATH_HANDLE</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">handle</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.envpath_release" title="Permalink to this definition"></a><br /></dt> |
| <dd></dd></dl> |
| |
| <p>Release all resources set aside by envpath_init when the |
| handle value was created. The handle value is invalid on |
| return from this function. Attempts to all <a class="reference internal" href="#c.envpath_next" title="envpath_next"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">envpath_next()</span></code></a> |
| or <a class="reference internal" href="#c.envpath_release" title="envpath_release"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">envpath_release()</span></code></a> with such a stale handle will result |
| in undefined (i.e., not good) behavior.</p> |
| <blockquote> |
| <div><dl class="field-list simple"> |
| <dt class="field-odd">param handle<span class="colon">:</span></dt> |
| <dd class="field-odd"><p>The handle value returned by <a class="reference internal" href="#c.envpath_init" title="envpath_init"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">envpath_init()</span></code></a>.</p> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| </div></blockquote> |
| </section> |
| </section> |
| </section> |
| <section id="symbol-tables"> |
| <h2>Symbol Tables<a class="headerlink" href="#symbol-tables" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2> |
| <p><strong>Symbol Tables</strong>. Symbol tables are lists of name value mappings: The |
| name is a string that identifies a symbol, and the value is an address |
| in memory where the symbol of that name has been positioned. In most |
| NuttX architectures symbol tables are required, as a minimum, in order |
| to dynamically link the loaded binary object with the base code on |
| FLASH. Since the binary object was separately built and separately |
| linked, these symbols will appear as <em>undefined</em> symbols in the binary |
| object. The binary loader will use the symbol table to look up the |
| symbol by its name and to provide the address associated with the symbol |
| as needed to perform the dynamic linking of the binary object to the |
| base FLASH code.</p> |
| <p>Some toolchains will prefix symbols with an underscore. To support these |
| toolchains the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CONFIG_SYMTAB_DECORATED</span></code> setting may be defined. This |
| will cause a leading underscore to be ignored on <em>undefined</em> symbols |
| during dynamic linking.</p> |
| <section id="symbol-table-header-files"> |
| <h3>Symbol Table Header Files<a class="headerlink" href="#symbol-table-header-files" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3> |
| <p>The interface to the symbol table logic is described in the header file |
| <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">include/nuttx/binfmt/symtab.h</span></code>. |
| A brief summary of the data structurs and interfaces prototyped in that |
| header file are listed below.</p> |
| </section> |
| <section id="symbol-table-data-structures"> |
| <h3>Symbol Table Data Structures<a class="headerlink" href="#symbol-table-data-structures" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3> |
| <dl class="c struct"> |
| <dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.symbtab_s"> |
| <span class="k"><span class="pre">struct</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">symbtab_s</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.symbtab_s" title="Permalink to this definition"></a><br /></dt> |
| <dd><p>Describes one entry in the symbol table.</p> |
| <div class="highlight-c notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">symtab_s</span> |
| <span class="p">{</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">FAR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">sym_name</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* A pointer to the symbol name string */</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">FAR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">sym_value</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* The value associated with the string */</span> |
| <span class="p">};</span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| <p>A symbol table is a fixed size array of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">struct</span> <span class="pre">symtab_s</span></code>. The |
| information is intentionally minimal and supports only:</p> |
| <ol class="arabic simple"> |
| <li><p>Function pointers as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sym_values</span></code>. Of other kinds of values need to |
| be supported, then typing information would also need to be included |
| in the structure.</p></li> |
| <li><p>Fixed size arrays. There is no explicit provisional for dynamically |
| adding or removing entries from the symbol table (realloc might be |
| used for that purpose if needed). The intention is to support only |
| fixed size arrays completely defined at compilation or link time.</p></li> |
| </ol> |
| </dd></dl> |
| |
| </section> |
| <section id="symbol-table-function-interfaces"> |
| <h3>Symbol Table Function Interfaces<a class="headerlink" href="#symbol-table-function-interfaces" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3> |
| <dl class="c function"> |
| <dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.symtab_findbyname"> |
| <span class="pre">FAR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k"><span class="pre">const</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k"><span class="pre">struct</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">symtab_s</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">symtab_findbyname</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="pre">FAR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k"><span class="pre">const</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k"><span class="pre">struct</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">symtab_s</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">symtab</span></span>, <span class="pre">FAR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k"><span class="pre">const</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt"><span class="pre">char</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">name</span></span>, <span class="kt"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">nsyms</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">;</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.symtab_findbyname" title="Permalink to this definition"></a><br /></dt> |
| <dd><p>Find the symbol in the symbol table with the matching name. |
| The implementation will be linear with respect to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">nsyms</span></code> if |
| <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CONFIG_SYMTAB_ORDEREDBYNAME</span></code> is not selected, and logarithmic |
| if it is.</p> |
| <dl class="field-list simple"> |
| <dt class="field-odd">Returns<span class="colon">:</span></dt> |
| <dd class="field-odd"><p>A reference to the symbol table entry if an entry with |
| the matching name is found; NULL is returned if the entry is not found.</p> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| </dd></dl> |
| |
| <dl class="c function"> |
| <dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.symtab_findbyvalue"> |
| <span class="pre">FAR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k"><span class="pre">const</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k"><span class="pre">struct</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">symtab_s</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">symtab_findbyvalue</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="pre">FAR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k"><span class="pre">const</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k"><span class="pre">struct</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">symtab_s</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">symtab</span></span>, <span class="pre">FAR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt"><span class="pre">void</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">value</span></span>, <span class="kt"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">nsyms</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">;</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.symtab_findbyvalue" title="Permalink to this definition"></a><br /></dt> |
| <dd><p>Find the symbol in the symbol table whose value closest |
| (but not greater than), the provided value. This version assumes |
| that table is not ordered with respect to symbol value and, hence, |
| access time will be linear with respect to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">nsyms</span></code>.</p> |
| <dl class="field-list simple"> |
| <dt class="field-odd">Returns<span class="colon">:</span></dt> |
| <dd class="field-odd"><p>A reference to the symbol table entry if an entry with the matching |
| value is found; <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> is returned if the entry is not found.</p> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| </dd></dl> |
| |
| </section> |
| </section> |
| <section id="configuration-variables"> |
| <h2>Configuration Variables<a class="headerlink" href="#configuration-variables" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2> |
| <blockquote> |
| <div><ul class="simple"> |
| <li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CONFIG_BINFMT_DISABLE</span></code>: By default, support for loadable binary formats is built. |
| This logic may be suppressed be defining this setting.</p></li> |
| <li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CONFIG_BINFMT_CONSTRUCTORS</span></code>: Build in support for C++ constructors in loaded modules.</p></li> |
| <li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CONFIG_SYMTAB_ORDEREDBYNAME</span></code>: Symbol tables are order by name (rather than value).</p></li> |
| <li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CONFIG_SYMTAB_DECORATED</span></code>: Symbols will have a leading underscore in object files.</p></li> |
| </ul> |
| </div></blockquote> |
| <p>Additional configuration options may be required for the each enabled |
| binary format.</p> |
| </section> |
| </section> |
| |
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