/****************************************************************************
 * netutils/dhcpc/dhcpc.c
 *
 *   Copyright (C) 2007, 2009, 2011-2012 Gregory Nutt. All rights reserved.
 *   Author: Gregory Nutt <gnutt@nuttx.org>
 *
 * Based heavily on portions of uIP:
 *
 *   Author: Adam Dunkels <adam@dunkels.com>
 *   Copyright (c) 2005, Swedish Institute of Computer Science
 *   All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 *
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 * 3. Neither the name of the Institute nor the names of its contributors
 *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
 *    without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE INSTITUTE AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE INSTITUTE OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
 * SUCH DAMAGE.
 *
 ****************************************************************************/

/****************************************************************************
 * Included Files
 ****************************************************************************/

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/time.h>

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <debug.h>

#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netinet/udp.h>

#include "netutils/dhcpc.h"
#include "netutils/netlib.h"

/****************************************************************************
 * Pre-processor Definitions
 ****************************************************************************/

/* Configuration */

/* DHCP Definitions */

#define STATE_INITIAL           0
#define STATE_HAVE_OFFER        1
#define STATE_HAVE_LEASE        2

#define BOOTP_BROADCAST         0x8000

#define DHCP_REQUEST            1
#define DHCP_REPLY              2
#define DHCP_HTYPE_ETHERNET     1
#define DHCP_HLEN_ETHERNET      6
#define DHCP_MSG_LEN            236

#define DHCPC_SERVER_PORT       67
#define DHCPC_CLIENT_PORT       68

#define DHCPDISCOVER            1
#define DHCPOFFER               2
#define DHCPREQUEST             3
#define DHCPDECLINE             4
#define DHCPACK                 5
#define DHCPNAK                 6
#define DHCPRELEASE             7

#define DHCP_OPTION_SUBNET_MASK 1
#define DHCP_OPTION_ROUTER      3
#define DHCP_OPTION_DNS_SERVER  6
#define DHCP_OPTION_HOST_NAME   12
#define DHCP_OPTION_REQ_IPADDR  50
#define DHCP_OPTION_LEASE_TIME  51
#define DHCP_OPTION_MSG_TYPE    53
#define DHCP_OPTION_SERVER_ID   54
#define DHCP_OPTION_REQ_LIST    55
#define DHCP_OPTION_END         255

#define BUFFER_SIZE             256

/****************************************************************************
 * Private Types
 ****************************************************************************/

struct dhcp_msg
{
  uint8_t  op;
  uint8_t  htype;
  uint8_t  hlen;
  uint8_t  hops;
  uint8_t  xid[4];
  uint16_t secs;
  uint16_t flags;
  uint8_t  ciaddr[4];
  uint8_t  yiaddr[4];
  uint8_t  siaddr[4];
  uint8_t  giaddr[4];
  uint8_t  chaddr[16];
#ifndef CONFIG_NET_DHCP_LIGHT
  uint8_t  sname[64];
  uint8_t  file[128];
#endif
  uint8_t  options[312];
};

struct dhcpc_state_s
{
  FAR const char    *interface;
  FAR const void    *ds_macaddr;
  int                ds_maclen;
  int                sockfd;
  struct in_addr     ipaddr;
  struct in_addr     serverid;
  struct dhcp_msg    packet;
};

/****************************************************************************
 * Private Data
 ****************************************************************************/

static const uint8_t xid[4] =
{
  0xad, 0xde, 0x12, 0x23
};

static const uint8_t magic_cookie[4] =
{
  99, 130, 83, 99
};

/****************************************************************************
 * Private Functions
 ****************************************************************************/

/****************************************************************************
 * Name: dhcpc_add<option>
 ****************************************************************************/

static FAR uint8_t *dhcpc_addhostname(FAR const char *hostname,
                                      FAR uint8_t *optptr)
{
  int len = strlen(hostname);
  *optptr++ = DHCP_OPTION_HOST_NAME;
  *optptr++ = len;
  memcpy(optptr, hostname, len);
  return optptr + len;
}

static FAR uint8_t *dhcpc_addmsgtype(FAR uint8_t *optptr, uint8_t type)
{
  *optptr++ = DHCP_OPTION_MSG_TYPE;
  *optptr++ = 1;
  *optptr++ = type;
  return optptr;
}

static FAR uint8_t *dhcpc_addserverid(FAR struct in_addr *serverid,
                                      FAR uint8_t *optptr)
{
  *optptr++ = DHCP_OPTION_SERVER_ID;
  *optptr++ = 4;
  memcpy(optptr, &serverid->s_addr, 4);
  return optptr + 4;
}

static FAR uint8_t *dhcpc_addreqipaddr(FAR struct in_addr *ipaddr,
                                       FAR uint8_t *optptr)
{
  *optptr++ = DHCP_OPTION_REQ_IPADDR;
  *optptr++ = 4;
  memcpy(optptr, &ipaddr->s_addr, 4);
  return optptr + 4;
}

static FAR uint8_t *dhcpc_addreqoptions(FAR uint8_t *optptr)
{
  *optptr++ = DHCP_OPTION_REQ_LIST;
  *optptr++ = 3;
  *optptr++ = DHCP_OPTION_SUBNET_MASK;
  *optptr++ = DHCP_OPTION_ROUTER;
  *optptr++ = DHCP_OPTION_DNS_SERVER;
  return optptr;
}

static FAR uint8_t *dhcpc_addend(FAR uint8_t *optptr)
{
  *optptr++ = DHCP_OPTION_END;
  return optptr;
}

/****************************************************************************
 * Name: dhcpc_sendmsg
 ****************************************************************************/

static int dhcpc_sendmsg(FAR struct dhcpc_state_s *pdhcpc,
                         FAR struct dhcpc_state *presult, int msgtype)
{
  struct sockaddr_in addr;
  FAR uint8_t *pend;
  in_addr_t serverid = INADDR_BROADCAST;
  int len;

  /* Create the common message header settings */

  memset(&pdhcpc->packet, 0, sizeof(struct dhcp_msg));
  pdhcpc->packet.op    = DHCP_REQUEST;
  pdhcpc->packet.htype = DHCP_HTYPE_ETHERNET;
  pdhcpc->packet.hlen  = pdhcpc->ds_maclen;
  memcpy(pdhcpc->packet.xid, xid, 4);
  memcpy(pdhcpc->packet.chaddr, pdhcpc->ds_macaddr, pdhcpc->ds_maclen);
  memset(&pdhcpc->packet.chaddr[pdhcpc->ds_maclen],
         0, 16 - pdhcpc->ds_maclen);
  memcpy(pdhcpc->packet.options, magic_cookie, sizeof(magic_cookie));

  /* Add the common header options */

  pend = &pdhcpc->packet.options[4];
  pend = dhcpc_addmsgtype(pend, msgtype);

  /* Handle the message specific settings */

  switch (msgtype)
    {
      /* Broadcast DISCOVER message to all servers */

      case DHCPDISCOVER:
        /* REVISIT: We don't need the broadcast flag since we can receive
         * unicast traffic before being fully configured.
         */

        pdhcpc->packet.flags = HTONS(BOOTP_BROADCAST); /*  Broadcast bit. */

        pend     = dhcpc_addhostname(CONFIG_NETUTILS_DHCPC_HOST_NAME, pend);
        pend     = dhcpc_addreqoptions(pend);
        break;

      /* Send REQUEST message to the server that sent the *first* OFFER */

      case DHCPREQUEST:
        /* REVISIT: We don't need the broadcast flag since we can receive
         * unicast traffic before being fully configured.
         */

        pdhcpc->packet.flags = HTONS(BOOTP_BROADCAST); /*  Broadcast bit. */

        pend     = dhcpc_addhostname(CONFIG_NETUTILS_DHCPC_HOST_NAME, pend);
        pend     = dhcpc_addserverid(&pdhcpc->serverid, pend);
        pend     = dhcpc_addreqipaddr(&pdhcpc->ipaddr, pend);
        break;

      /* Send DECLINE message to the server that sent the *last* OFFER */

      case DHCPDECLINE:
        memcpy(pdhcpc->packet.ciaddr, &presult->ipaddr.s_addr, 4);
        pend     = dhcpc_addserverid(&presult->serverid, pend);
        serverid = presult->serverid.s_addr;
        break;

      default:
        return ERROR;
    }

  pend = dhcpc_addend(pend);
  len  = pend - (uint8_t *)&pdhcpc->packet;

  /* Send the request */

  addr.sin_family      = AF_INET;
  addr.sin_port        = HTONS(DHCPC_SERVER_PORT);
  addr.sin_addr.s_addr = serverid;

  return sendto(pdhcpc->sockfd, &pdhcpc->packet, len, 0,
                (struct sockaddr *)&addr, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));
}

/****************************************************************************
 * Name: dhcpc_parseoptions
 ****************************************************************************/

static uint8_t dhcpc_parseoptions(FAR struct dhcpc_state *presult,
                                  FAR uint8_t *optptr, int len)
{
  FAR uint8_t *end = optptr + len;
  uint8_t type = 0;

  while (optptr < end)
    {
      switch (*optptr)
        {
          case DHCP_OPTION_SUBNET_MASK:

            /* Get subnet mask in network order */

            memcpy(&presult->netmask.s_addr, optptr + 2, 4);
            break;

          case DHCP_OPTION_ROUTER:

            /* Get the default router address in network order */

            memcpy(&presult->default_router.s_addr, optptr + 2, 4);
            break;

          case DHCP_OPTION_DNS_SERVER:

            /* Get the DNS server address in network order */

            memcpy(&presult->dnsaddr.s_addr, optptr + 2, 4);
            break;

          case DHCP_OPTION_MSG_TYPE:

            /* Get message type */

            type = *(optptr + 2);
            break;

          case DHCP_OPTION_SERVER_ID:

            /* Get server address in network order */

            memcpy(&presult->serverid.s_addr, optptr + 2, 4);
            break;

          case DHCP_OPTION_LEASE_TIME:
            {
              /* Get lease time (in seconds) in host order */

              uint16_t tmp[2];
              memcpy(tmp, optptr + 2, 4);
              presult->lease_time = ((uint32_t)ntohs(tmp[0])) << 16 |
                                     (uint32_t)ntohs(tmp[1]);
            }
            break;

          case DHCP_OPTION_END:
            return type;
        }

      optptr += optptr[1] + 2;
    }

  return type;
}

/****************************************************************************
 * Name: dhcpc_parsemsg
 ****************************************************************************/

static uint8_t dhcpc_parsemsg(FAR struct dhcpc_state_s *pdhcpc, int buflen,
                              FAR struct dhcpc_state *presult)
{
  if (pdhcpc->packet.op == DHCP_REPLY &&
      memcmp(pdhcpc->packet.xid, xid, sizeof(xid)) == 0 &&
      memcmp(pdhcpc->packet.chaddr,
             pdhcpc->ds_macaddr, pdhcpc->ds_maclen) == 0)
    {
      memcpy(&presult->ipaddr.s_addr, pdhcpc->packet.yiaddr, 4);
      return dhcpc_parseoptions(presult, &pdhcpc->packet.options[4], buflen);
    }

  return 0;
}

/****************************************************************************
 * Public Functions
 ****************************************************************************/

/****************************************************************************
 * Name: dhcpc_open
 ****************************************************************************/

FAR void *dhcpc_open(FAR const char *interface, FAR const void *macaddr,
                     int maclen)
{
  FAR struct dhcpc_state_s *pdhcpc;
  struct sockaddr_in addr;
  struct timeval tv;
  int ret;

  ninfo("MAC: %02x:%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x\n",
        ((uint8_t *)macaddr)[0], ((uint8_t *)macaddr)[1],
        ((uint8_t *)macaddr)[2], ((uint8_t *)macaddr)[3],
        ((uint8_t *)macaddr)[4], ((uint8_t *)macaddr)[5]);

  /* Allocate an internal DHCP structure */

  pdhcpc = (FAR struct dhcpc_state_s *)malloc(sizeof(struct dhcpc_state_s));
  if (pdhcpc)
    {
      /* Initialize the allocated structure */

      memset(pdhcpc, 0, sizeof(struct dhcpc_state_s));
      pdhcpc->interface  = interface;
      pdhcpc->ds_macaddr = macaddr;
      pdhcpc->ds_maclen  = maclen;

      /* Create a UDP socket */

      pdhcpc->sockfd = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
      if (pdhcpc->sockfd < 0)
        {
          ninfo("socket handle %d\n", ret);
          free(pdhcpc);
          return NULL;
        }

      /* Bind the socket */

      addr.sin_family      = AF_INET;
      addr.sin_port        = HTONS(DHCPC_CLIENT_PORT);
      addr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;

      ret = bind(pdhcpc->sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&addr,
                 sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));
      if (ret < 0)
        {
          ninfo("bind status %d\n", ret);
          close(pdhcpc->sockfd);
          free(pdhcpc);
          return NULL;
        }

      /* Configure for read timeouts */

      tv.tv_sec  = CONFIG_NETUTILS_DHCPC_RECV_TIMEOUT;
      tv.tv_usec = 0;

      ret = setsockopt(pdhcpc->sockfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVTIMEO, &tv,
                       sizeof(struct timeval));
      if (ret < 0)
        {
          ninfo("setsockopt(RCVTIMEO) status %d\n", ret);
          close(pdhcpc->sockfd);
          free(pdhcpc);
          return NULL;
        }

#ifdef CONFIG_NET_UDP_BINDTODEVICE
      /* Bind socket to interface, because UDP packets have to be sent to the
       * broadcast address at a moment when it is not possible to decide the
       * target network device using the local or remote address (which is,
       * by definition and purpose of DHCP, undefined yet).
       */

      ret = setsockopt(pdhcpc->sockfd, SOL_UDP, UDP_BINDTODEVICE,
                       pdhcpc->interface, strlen(pdhcpc->interface));
      if (ret < 0)
        {
          ninfo("setsockopt(BINDTODEVICE) status %d\n", ret);
          close(pdhcpc->sockfd);
          free(pdhcpc);
          return NULL;
        }
#endif
    }

  return (FAR void *)pdhcpc;
}

/****************************************************************************
 * Name: dhcpc_close
 ****************************************************************************/

void dhcpc_close(FAR void *handle)
{
  struct dhcpc_state_s *pdhcpc = (struct dhcpc_state_s *)handle;

  if (pdhcpc)
    {
      if (pdhcpc->sockfd)
        {
          close(pdhcpc->sockfd);
        }

      free(pdhcpc);
    }
}

/****************************************************************************
 * Name: dhcpc_request
 ****************************************************************************/

int dhcpc_request(FAR void *handle, FAR struct dhcpc_state *presult)
{
  FAR struct dhcpc_state_s *pdhcpc = (FAR struct dhcpc_state_s *)handle;
  struct in_addr oldaddr;
  struct in_addr newaddr;
  ssize_t result;
  uint8_t msgtype;
  int     retries;
  int     state;

  /* Save the currently assigned IP address (should be INADDR_ANY) */

  oldaddr.s_addr = 0;
  netlib_get_ipv4addr(pdhcpc->interface, &oldaddr);

  /* Loop until we receive the lease (or an error occurs) */

  do
    {
      /* Set the IP address to INADDR_ANY. */

      newaddr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
      netlib_set_ipv4addr(pdhcpc->interface, &newaddr);

      /* Loop sending the DISCOVER up to CONFIG_NETUTILS_DHCPC_RETRIES times */

      retries = 0;

      /* Loop sending DISCOVER until we receive an OFFER from a DHCP
       * server.  We will lock on to the first OFFER and decline any
       * subsequent offers (which will happen if there are more than one
       * DHCP servers on the network.
       */

      state = STATE_INITIAL;
      do
        {
          /* Send the DISCOVER command */

          ninfo("Broadcast DISCOVER\n");
          if (dhcpc_sendmsg(pdhcpc, presult, DHCPDISCOVER) < 0)
            {
              return ERROR;
            }

          retries++;

          /* Get the DHCPOFFER response */

          result = recv(pdhcpc->sockfd, &pdhcpc->packet,
                        sizeof(struct dhcp_msg), 0);
          if (result >= 0)
            {
              msgtype = dhcpc_parsemsg(pdhcpc, result, presult);
              if (msgtype == DHCPOFFER)
                {
                  /* Save the servid from the presult so that it is not
                   * clobbered by a new OFFER.
                   */

                  ninfo("Received OFFER from %08x\n",
                       ntohl(presult->serverid.s_addr));
                  pdhcpc->ipaddr.s_addr   = presult->ipaddr.s_addr;
                  pdhcpc->serverid.s_addr = presult->serverid.s_addr;

                  /* Temporarily use the address offered by the server
                   * and break out of the loop.
                   */

                  netlib_set_ipv4addr(pdhcpc->interface,
                                      &presult->ipaddr);
                  state = STATE_HAVE_OFFER;
                }
            }

          /* An error has occurred.  If this was a timeout error (meaning
           * that nothing was received on this socket for a long period
           * of time). Then loop and send the DISCOVER command again.
           */

          else if (errno != EAGAIN)
            {
              /* An error other than a timeout was received -- error out */

              return ERROR;
            }
        }
      while (state == STATE_INITIAL &&
             retries < CONFIG_NETUTILS_DHCPC_RETRIES);

      /* If no DHCPOFFER recveived here, error out */

      if (state == STATE_INITIAL)
        {
          return ERROR;
        }

      /* Loop sending the REQUEST up to CONFIG_NETUTILS_DHCPC_RETRIES times
       * (if there is no response)
       */

      retries = 0;
      do
        {
          /* Send the REQUEST message to obtain the lease that was offered to
           * us.
           */

          ninfo("Send REQUEST\n");
          if (dhcpc_sendmsg(pdhcpc, presult, DHCPREQUEST) < 0)
            {
              return ERROR;
            }

          retries++;

          /* Get the ACK/NAK response to the REQUEST (or timeout) */

          result = recv(pdhcpc->sockfd, &pdhcpc->packet,
                        sizeof(struct dhcp_msg), 0);
          if (result >= 0)
            {
              /* Parse the response */

              msgtype = dhcpc_parsemsg(pdhcpc, result, presult);

              /* The ACK response means that the server has accepted
               * our request and we have the lease.
               */

              if (msgtype == DHCPACK)
                {
                  ninfo("Received ACK\n");
                  state = STATE_HAVE_LEASE;
                }

              /* NAK means the server has refused our request.  Break out of
               * this loop with state == STATE_HAVE_OFFER and send DISCOVER
               * again
               */

              else if (msgtype == DHCPNAK)
                {
                  ninfo("Received NAK\n");
                  break;
                }

              /* If we get any OFFERs from other servers, then decline
               * them now and continue waiting for the ACK from the server
               * that we requested from.
               */

              else if (msgtype == DHCPOFFER)
                {
                  ninfo("Received another OFFER, send DECLINE\n");
                  dhcpc_sendmsg(pdhcpc, presult, DHCPDECLINE);
                }

              /* Otherwise, it is something that we do not recognize */

              else
                {
                  ninfo("Ignoring msgtype=%d\n", msgtype);
                }
            }

          /* An error has occurred.  If this was a timeout error (meaning
           * that nothing was received on this socket for a long period of
           * time). Then break out and send the DISCOVER command again
           * (at most 3 times).
           */

          else if (errno != EAGAIN)
            {
              /* An error other than a timeout was received */

              netlib_set_ipv4addr(pdhcpc->interface, &oldaddr);
              return ERROR;
            }
        }
      while (state == STATE_HAVE_OFFER &&
             retries < CONFIG_NETUTILS_DHCPC_RETRIES);
    }
  while (state != STATE_HAVE_LEASE);

  ninfo("Got IP address %d.%d.%d.%d\n",
        (presult->ipaddr.s_addr)       & 0xff,
        (presult->ipaddr.s_addr >> 8)  & 0xff,
        (presult->ipaddr.s_addr >> 16) & 0xff,
        (presult->ipaddr.s_addr >> 24) & 0xff);
  ninfo("Got netmask %d.%d.%d.%d\n",
        (presult->netmask.s_addr)       & 0xff,
        (presult->netmask.s_addr >> 8)  & 0xff,
        (presult->netmask.s_addr >> 16) & 0xff,
        (presult->netmask.s_addr >> 24) & 0xff);
  ninfo("Got DNS server %d.%d.%d.%d\n",
        (presult->dnsaddr.s_addr)       & 0xff,
        (presult->dnsaddr.s_addr >> 8)  & 0xff,
        (presult->dnsaddr.s_addr >> 16) & 0xff,
        (presult->dnsaddr.s_addr >> 24) & 0xff);
  ninfo("Got default router %d.%d.%d.%d\n",
        (presult->default_router.s_addr)       & 0xff,
        (presult->default_router.s_addr >> 8)  & 0xff,
        (presult->default_router.s_addr >> 16) & 0xff,
        (presult->default_router.s_addr >> 24) & 0xff);
  ninfo("Lease expires in %d seconds\n", presult->lease_time);
  return OK;
}