/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package org.apache.nutch.indexwriter.elastic;

import java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.util.AbstractMap;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.nutch.indexer.IndexWriter;
import org.apache.nutch.indexer.IndexWriterParams;
import org.apache.nutch.indexer.NutchDocument;
import org.apache.nutch.indexer.NutchField;
import org.elasticsearch.action.bulk.BulkResponse;
import org.elasticsearch.action.bulk.BulkRequest;
import org.elasticsearch.action.bulk.BackoffPolicy;
import org.elasticsearch.action.bulk.BulkProcessor;
import org.elasticsearch.action.delete.DeleteRequest;
import org.elasticsearch.action.index.IndexRequest;
import org.elasticsearch.client.Client;
import org.elasticsearch.client.transport.TransportClient;
import org.elasticsearch.common.unit.ByteSizeUnit;
import org.elasticsearch.common.unit.ByteSizeValue;
import org.elasticsearch.common.unit.TimeValue;
import org.elasticsearch.common.settings.Settings;
import org.elasticsearch.common.transport.InetSocketTransportAddress;
import org.elasticsearch.node.Node;
import org.elasticsearch.transport.client.PreBuiltTransportClient;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

/**
 * Sends NutchDocuments to a configured Elasticsearch index.
 */
public class ElasticIndexWriter implements IndexWriter {
  private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory
      .getLogger(MethodHandles.lookup().lookupClass());

  private static final int DEFAULT_PORT = 9300;
  private static final int DEFAULT_MAX_BULK_DOCS = 250;
  private static final int DEFAULT_MAX_BULK_LENGTH = 2500500;
  private static final int DEFAULT_EXP_BACKOFF_MILLIS = 100;
  private static final int DEFAULT_EXP_BACKOFF_RETRIES = 10;
  private static final int DEFAULT_BULK_CLOSE_TIMEOUT = 600;
  private static final String DEFAULT_INDEX = "nutch";

  private String cluster;
  private String[] hosts;
  private int port;

  private int maxBulkDocs;
  private int maxBulkLength;
  private int expBackoffMillis;
  private int expBackoffRetries;

  private String defaultIndex;
  private Client client;
  private Node node;
  private BulkProcessor bulkProcessor;

  private long bulkCloseTimeout;

  private Configuration config;

  @Override
  public void open(Configuration conf, String name) throws IOException {
    //Implementation not required
  }

  /**
   * Initializes the internal variables from a given index writer configuration.
   *
   * @param parameters Params from the index writer configuration.
   * @throws IOException Some exception thrown by writer.
   */
  @Override
  public void open(IndexWriterParams parameters) throws IOException {
    cluster = parameters.get(ElasticConstants.CLUSTER);
    String hosts = parameters.get(ElasticConstants.HOSTS);

    if (StringUtils.isBlank(cluster) && StringUtils.isBlank(hosts)) {
      String message = "Missing elastic.cluster and elastic.host. At least one of them should be set in index-writers.xml ";
      message += "\n" + describe();
      LOG.error(message);
      throw new RuntimeException(message);
    }

    bulkCloseTimeout = parameters.getLong(ElasticConstants.BULK_CLOSE_TIMEOUT,
        DEFAULT_BULK_CLOSE_TIMEOUT);
    defaultIndex = parameters.get(ElasticConstants.INDEX, DEFAULT_INDEX);

    maxBulkDocs = parameters
        .getInt(ElasticConstants.MAX_BULK_DOCS, DEFAULT_MAX_BULK_DOCS);
    maxBulkLength = parameters
        .getInt(ElasticConstants.MAX_BULK_LENGTH, DEFAULT_MAX_BULK_LENGTH);
    expBackoffMillis = parameters
        .getInt(ElasticConstants.EXPONENTIAL_BACKOFF_MILLIS,
            DEFAULT_EXP_BACKOFF_MILLIS);
    expBackoffRetries = parameters
        .getInt(ElasticConstants.EXPONENTIAL_BACKOFF_RETRIES,
            DEFAULT_EXP_BACKOFF_RETRIES);

    client = makeClient(parameters);

    LOG.debug("Creating BulkProcessor with maxBulkDocs={}, maxBulkLength={}",
        maxBulkDocs, maxBulkLength);
    bulkProcessor = BulkProcessor.builder(client, bulkProcessorListener())
        .setBulkActions(maxBulkDocs)
        .setBulkSize(new ByteSizeValue(maxBulkLength, ByteSizeUnit.BYTES))
        .setConcurrentRequests(1).setBackoffPolicy(BackoffPolicy
            .exponentialBackoff(TimeValue.timeValueMillis(expBackoffMillis),
                expBackoffRetries)).build();
  }

  /**
   * Generates a TransportClient or NodeClient
   */
  protected Client makeClient(IndexWriterParams parameters) throws IOException {
    hosts = parameters.getStrings(ElasticConstants.HOSTS);
    port = parameters.getInt(ElasticConstants.PORT, DEFAULT_PORT);

    Settings.Builder settingsBuilder = Settings.builder();

    BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(
        config.getConfResourceAsReader("elasticsearch.conf"));
    String line;
    String[] parts;
    while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
      if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(line) && !line.startsWith("#")) {
        parts = line.trim().split("=");

        if (parts.length == 2) {
          settingsBuilder.put(parts[0].trim(), parts[1].trim());
        }
      }
    }

    // Set the cluster name and build the settings
    if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(cluster)) {
      settingsBuilder.put("cluster.name", cluster);
    }

    Settings settings = settingsBuilder.build();

    Client client = null;

    // Prefer TransportClient
    if (hosts != null && port > 1) {
      @SuppressWarnings("resource")
      TransportClient transportClient = new PreBuiltTransportClient(settings);

      for (String host : hosts)
        transportClient.addTransportAddress(
            new InetSocketTransportAddress(InetAddress.getByName(host), port));
      client = transportClient;
    } else if (cluster != null) {
      node = new Node(settings);
      client = node.client();
    }

    return client;
  }

  /**
   * Generates a default BulkProcessor.Listener
   */
  protected BulkProcessor.Listener bulkProcessorListener() {
    return new BulkProcessor.Listener() {
      @Override
      public void beforeBulk(long executionId, BulkRequest request) {
      }

      @Override
      public void afterBulk(long executionId, BulkRequest request,
          Throwable failure) {
        throw new RuntimeException(failure);
      }

      @Override
      public void afterBulk(long executionId, BulkRequest request,
          BulkResponse response) {
        if (response.hasFailures()) {
          LOG.warn("Failures occurred during bulk request");
        }
      }
    };
  }

  @Override
  public void write(NutchDocument doc) throws IOException {
    String id = (String) doc.getFieldValue("id");
    String type = doc.getDocumentMeta().get("type");
    if (type == null)
      type = "doc";

    // Add each field of this doc to the index source
    Map<String, Object> source = new HashMap<String, Object>();
    for (final Map.Entry<String, NutchField> e : doc) {
      final List<Object> values = e.getValue().getValues();

      if (values.size() > 1) {
        source.put(e.getKey(), values);
      } else {
        source.put(e.getKey(), values.get(0));
      }
    }

    IndexRequest request = new IndexRequest(defaultIndex, type, id)
        .source(source);
    bulkProcessor.add(request);
  }

  @Override
  public void delete(String key) throws IOException {
    DeleteRequest request = new DeleteRequest(defaultIndex, "doc", key);
    bulkProcessor.add(request);
  }

  @Override
  public void update(NutchDocument doc) throws IOException {
    write(doc);
  }

  @Override
  public void commit() throws IOException {
    bulkProcessor.flush();
  }

  @Override
  public void close() throws IOException {
    // Close BulkProcessor (automatically flushes)
    try {
      bulkProcessor.awaitClose(bulkCloseTimeout, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
      LOG.warn("interrupted while waiting for BulkProcessor to complete ({})",
          e.getMessage());
    }

    client.close();
    if (node != null) {
      node.close();
    }
  }

  /**
   * Returns {@link Map} with the specific parameters the IndexWriter instance can take.
   *
   * @return The values of each row. It must have the form <KEY,<DESCRIPTION,VALUE>>.
   */
  @Override
  public Map<String, Map.Entry<String, Object>> describe() {
    Map<String, Map.Entry<String, Object>> properties = new LinkedHashMap<>();

    properties.put(ElasticConstants.CLUSTER, new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<>(
        "The cluster name to discover. Either host and port must be defined or cluster.",
        this.cluster));
    properties.put(ElasticConstants.HOSTS, new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<>(
        "Ordered list of fields (columns) in the CSV fileComma-separated list of "
            + "hostnames to send documents to using TransportClient. "
            + "Either host and port must be defined or cluster.",
        this.hosts == null ? "" : String.join(",", hosts)));
    properties.put(ElasticConstants.PORT, new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<>(
        "The port to connect to using TransportClient.", this.port));
    properties.put(ElasticConstants.INDEX,
        new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<>("Default index to send documents to.",
            this.defaultIndex));
    properties.put(ElasticConstants.MAX_BULK_DOCS,
        new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<>(
            "Maximum size of the bulk in number of documents.",
            this.maxBulkDocs));
    properties.put(ElasticConstants.MAX_BULK_LENGTH,
        new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<>("Maximum size of the bulk in bytes.",
            this.maxBulkLength));
    properties.put(ElasticConstants.EXPONENTIAL_BACKOFF_MILLIS,
        new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<>(
            "Initial delay for the BulkProcessor exponential backoff policy.",
            this.expBackoffMillis));
    properties.put(ElasticConstants.EXPONENTIAL_BACKOFF_RETRIES,
        new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<>(
            "Number of times the BulkProcessor exponential backoff policy should retry bulk operations.",
            this.expBackoffRetries));
    properties.put(ElasticConstants.BULK_CLOSE_TIMEOUT,
        new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<>(
            "Number of seconds allowed for the BulkProcessor to complete its last operation.",
            this.bulkCloseTimeout));

    return properties;
  }

  @Override
  public void setConf(Configuration conf) {
    config = conf;
  }

  @Override
  public Configuration getConf() {
    return config;
  }
}