/*
 *  Single source autogenerated distributable for Duktape 1.5.2.
 *
 *  Git commit cad34ae155acb0846545ca6bf2d29f9463b22bbb (v1.5.2).
 *  Git branch HEAD.
 *
 *  See Duktape AUTHORS.rst and LICENSE.txt for copyright and
 *  licensing information.
 */

/* LICENSE.txt */
/*
*  ===============
*  Duktape license
*  ===============
*
*  (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
*
*  Copyright (c) 2013-2016 by Duktape authors (see AUTHORS.rst)
*
*  Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
*  of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
*  in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
*  to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
*  copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
*  furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
*
*  The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
*  all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
*
*  THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
*  IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
*  FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
*  AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
*  LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
*  OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
*  THE SOFTWARE.
*/
/* AUTHORS.rst */
/*
*  ===============
*  Duktape authors
*  ===============
*
*  Copyright
*  =========
*
*  Duktape copyrights are held by its authors.  Each author has a copyright
*  to their contribution, and agrees to irrevocably license the contribution
*  under the Duktape ``LICENSE.txt``.
*
*  Authors
*  =======
*
*  Please include an e-mail address, a link to your GitHub profile, or something
*  similar to allow your contribution to be identified accurately.
*
*  The following people have contributed code, website contents, or Wiki contents,
*  and agreed to irrevocably license their contributions under the Duktape
*  ``LICENSE.txt`` (in order of appearance):
*
*  * Sami Vaarala <sami.vaarala@iki.fi>
*  * Niki Dobrev
*  * Andreas \u00d6man <andreas@lonelycoder.com>
*  * L\u00e1szl\u00f3 Lang\u00f3 <llango.u-szeged@partner.samsung.com>
*  * Legimet <legimet.calc@gmail.com>
*  * Karl Skomski <karl@skomski.com>
*  * Bruce Pascoe <fatcerberus1@gmail.com>
*  * Ren\u00e9 Hollander <rene@rene8888.at>
*  * Julien Hamaide (https://github.com/crazyjul)
*  * Sebastian G\u00f6tte (https://github.com/jaseg)
*
*  Other contributions
*  ===================
*
*  The following people have contributed something other than code (e.g. reported
*  bugs, provided ideas, etc; roughly in order of appearance):
*
*  * Greg Burns
*  * Anthony Rabine
*  * Carlos Costa
*  * Aur\u00e9lien Bouilland
*  * Preet Desai (Pris Matic)
*  * judofyr (http://www.reddit.com/user/judofyr)
*  * Jason Woofenden
*  * Micha\u0142 Przyby\u015b
*  * Anthony Howe
*  * Conrad Pankoff
*  * Jim Schimpf
*  * Rajaran Gaunker (https://github.com/zimbabao)
*  * Andreas \u00d6man
*  * Doug Sanden
*  * Josh Engebretson (https://github.com/JoshEngebretson)
*  * Remo Eichenberger (https://github.com/remoe)
*  * Mamod Mehyar (https://github.com/mamod)
*  * David Demelier (https://github.com/markand)
*  * Tim Caswell (https://github.com/creationix)
*  * Mitchell Blank Jr (https://github.com/mitchblank)
*  * https://github.com/yushli
*  * Seo Sanghyeon (https://github.com/sanxiyn)
*  * Han ChoongWoo (https://github.com/tunz)
*  * Joshua Peek (https://github.com/josh)
*  * Bruce E. Pascoe (https://github.com/fatcerberus)
*  * https://github.com/Kelledin
*  * https://github.com/sstruchtrup
*  * Michael Drake (https://github.com/tlsa)
*  * https://github.com/chris-y
*  * Laurent Zubiaur (https://github.com/lzubiaur)
*  * Ole Andr\u00e9 Vadla Ravn\u00e5s (https://github.com/oleavr)
*
*  If you are accidentally missing from this list, send me an e-mail
*  (``sami.vaarala@iki.fi``) and I'll fix the omission.
*/
/*
 *  Top-level include file to be used for all (internal) source files.
 *
 *  Source files should not include individual header files, as they
 *  have not been designed to be individually included.
 */

#ifndef DUK_INTERNAL_H_INCLUDED
#define DUK_INTERNAL_H_INCLUDED

/*
 *  The 'duktape.h' header provides the public API, but also handles all
 *  compiler and platform specific feature detection, Duktape feature
 *  resolution, inclusion of system headers, etc.  These have been merged
 *  because the public API is also dependent on e.g. detecting appropriate
 *  C types which is quite platform/compiler specific especially for a non-C99
 *  build.  The public API is also dependent on the resolved feature set.
 *
 *  Some actions taken by the merged header (such as including system headers)
 *  are not appropriate for building a user application.  The define
 *  DUK_COMPILING_DUKTAPE allows the merged header to skip/include some
 *  sections depending on what is being built.
 */

#define DUK_COMPILING_DUKTAPE
#include "duktape.h"

/*
 *  User declarations, e.g. prototypes for user functions used by Duktape
 *  macros.  Concretely, if DUK_USE_PANIC_HANDLER is used and the macro
 *  value calls a user function, it needs to be declared for Duktape
 *  compilation to avoid warnings.
 */

DUK_USE_USER_DECLARE()

/*
 *  Duktape includes (other than duk_features.h)
 *
 *  The header files expect to be included in an order which satisfies header
 *  dependencies correctly (the headers themselves don't include any other
 *  includes).  Forward declarations are used to break circular struct/typedef
 *  dependencies.
 */

#ifndef DUK_REPLACEMENTS_H_INCLUDED
#define DUK_REPLACEMENTS_H_INCLUDED

#if !defined(DUK_SINGLE_FILE)
#if defined(DUK_USE_COMPUTED_INFINITY)
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL double duk_computed_infinity;
#endif
#if defined(DUK_USE_COMPUTED_NAN)
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL double duk_computed_nan;
#endif
#if defined(DUK_USE_REPL_FPCLASSIFY)
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL int duk_repl_fpclassify(double x);
#endif
#if defined(DUK_USE_REPL_SIGNBIT)
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL int duk_repl_signbit(double x);
#endif
#if defined(DUK_USE_REPL_ISFINITE)
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL int duk_repl_isfinite(double x);
#endif
#if defined(DUK_USE_REPL_ISNAN)
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL int duk_repl_isnan(double x);
#endif
#if defined(DUK_USE_REPL_ISINF)
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL int duk_repl_isinf(double x);
#endif
#endif  /* !DUK_SINGLE_FILE */

#endif  /* DUK_REPLACEMENTS_H_INCLUDED */
/*
 *  Wrapper for jmp_buf.
 *
 *  This is used because jmp_buf is an array type for backward compatibility.
 *  Wrapping jmp_buf in a struct makes pointer references, sizeof, etc,
 *  behave more intuitively.
 *
 *  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Setjmp.h#Member_types
 */

#ifndef DUK_JMPBUF_H_INCLUDED
#define DUK_JMPBUF_H_INCLUDED

#if defined(DUK_USE_CPP_EXCEPTIONS)
struct duk_jmpbuf {
	duk_small_int_t dummy;  /* unused */
};
#else
struct duk_jmpbuf {
	DUK_JMPBUF_TYPE jb;
};
#endif

#endif  /* DUK_JMPBUF_H_INCLUDED */
/*
 *  Exception for Duktape internal throws when C++ exceptions are used
 *  for long control transfers.
 *
 *  Doesn't inherit from any exception base class to minimize the chance
 *  that user code would accidentally catch this exception.
 */

#ifndef DUK_EXCEPTION_H_INCLUDED
#define DUK_EXCEPTION_H_INCLUDED

#if defined(DUK_USE_CPP_EXCEPTIONS)
class duk_internal_exception {
	/* intentionally empty */
};
#endif

#endif  /* DUK_EXCEPTION_H_INCLUDED */
/*
 *  Forward declarations for all Duktape structures.
 */

#ifndef DUK_FORWDECL_H_INCLUDED
#define DUK_FORWDECL_H_INCLUDED

/*
 *  Forward declarations
 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_CPP_EXCEPTIONS)
class duk_internal_exception;
#else
struct duk_jmpbuf;
#endif

/* duk_tval intentionally skipped */
struct duk_heaphdr;
struct duk_heaphdr_string;
struct duk_hstring;
struct duk_hstring_external;
struct duk_hobject;
struct duk_hcompiledfunction;
struct duk_hnativefunction;
struct duk_hthread;
struct duk_hbufferobject;
struct duk_hbuffer;
struct duk_hbuffer_fixed;
struct duk_hbuffer_dynamic;
struct duk_hbuffer_external;

struct duk_propaccessor;
union duk_propvalue;
struct duk_propdesc;

struct duk_heap;
struct duk_breakpoint;

struct duk_activation;
struct duk_catcher;
struct duk_strcache;
struct duk_ljstate;
struct duk_strtab_entry;

#ifdef DUK_USE_DEBUG
struct duk_fixedbuffer;
#endif

struct duk_bitdecoder_ctx;
struct duk_bitencoder_ctx;
struct duk_bufwriter_ctx;

struct duk_token;
struct duk_re_token;
struct duk_lexer_point;
struct duk_lexer_ctx;
struct duk_lexer_codepoint;

struct duk_compiler_instr;
struct duk_compiler_func;
struct duk_compiler_ctx;

struct duk_re_matcher_ctx;
struct duk_re_compiler_ctx;

#if defined(DUK_USE_CPP_EXCEPTIONS)
/* no typedef */
#else
typedef struct duk_jmpbuf duk_jmpbuf;
#endif

/* duk_tval intentionally skipped */
typedef struct duk_heaphdr duk_heaphdr;
typedef struct duk_heaphdr_string duk_heaphdr_string;
typedef struct duk_hstring duk_hstring;
typedef struct duk_hstring_external duk_hstring_external;
typedef struct duk_hobject duk_hobject;
typedef struct duk_hcompiledfunction duk_hcompiledfunction;
typedef struct duk_hnativefunction duk_hnativefunction;
typedef struct duk_hbufferobject duk_hbufferobject;
typedef struct duk_hthread duk_hthread;
typedef struct duk_hbuffer duk_hbuffer;
typedef struct duk_hbuffer_fixed duk_hbuffer_fixed;
typedef struct duk_hbuffer_dynamic duk_hbuffer_dynamic;
typedef struct duk_hbuffer_external duk_hbuffer_external;

typedef struct duk_propaccessor duk_propaccessor;
typedef union duk_propvalue duk_propvalue;
typedef struct duk_propdesc duk_propdesc;

typedef struct duk_heap duk_heap;
typedef struct duk_breakpoint duk_breakpoint;

typedef struct duk_activation duk_activation;
typedef struct duk_catcher duk_catcher;
typedef struct duk_strcache duk_strcache;
typedef struct duk_ljstate duk_ljstate;
typedef struct duk_strtab_entry duk_strtab_entry;

#ifdef DUK_USE_DEBUG
typedef struct duk_fixedbuffer duk_fixedbuffer;
#endif

typedef struct duk_bitdecoder_ctx duk_bitdecoder_ctx;
typedef struct duk_bitencoder_ctx duk_bitencoder_ctx;
typedef struct duk_bufwriter_ctx duk_bufwriter_ctx;

typedef struct duk_token duk_token;
typedef struct duk_re_token duk_re_token;
typedef struct duk_lexer_point duk_lexer_point;
typedef struct duk_lexer_ctx duk_lexer_ctx;
typedef struct duk_lexer_codepoint duk_lexer_codepoint;

typedef struct duk_compiler_instr duk_compiler_instr;
typedef struct duk_compiler_func duk_compiler_func;
typedef struct duk_compiler_ctx duk_compiler_ctx;

typedef struct duk_re_matcher_ctx duk_re_matcher_ctx;
typedef struct duk_re_compiler_ctx duk_re_compiler_ctx;

#endif  /* DUK_FORWDECL_H_INCLUDED */
/*
 *  Tagged type definition (duk_tval) and accessor macros.
 *
 *  Access all fields through the accessor macros, as the representation
 *  is quite tricky.
 *
 *  There are two packed type alternatives: an 8-byte representation
 *  based on an IEEE double (preferred for compactness), and a 12-byte
 *  representation (portability).  The latter is needed also in e.g.
 *  64-bit environments (it usually pads to 16 bytes per value).
 *
 *  Selecting the tagged type format involves many trade-offs (memory
 *  use, size and performance of generated code, portability, etc),
 *  see doc/types.rst for a detailed discussion (especially of how the
 *  IEEE double format is used to pack tagged values).
 *
 *  NB: because macro arguments are often expressions, macros should
 *  avoid evaluating their argument more than once.
 */

#ifndef DUK_TVAL_H_INCLUDED
#define DUK_TVAL_H_INCLUDED

/* sanity */
#if !defined(DUK_USE_DOUBLE_LE) && !defined(DUK_USE_DOUBLE_ME) && !defined(DUK_USE_DOUBLE_BE)
#error unsupported: cannot determine byte order variant
#endif

#if defined(DUK_USE_PACKED_TVAL)
/* ======================================================================== */

/*
 *  Packed 8-byte representation
 */

/* use duk_double_union as duk_tval directly */
typedef union duk_double_union duk_tval;

/* tags */
#define DUK_TAG_NORMALIZED_NAN    0x7ff8UL   /* the NaN variant we use */
/* avoid tag 0xfff0, no risk of confusion with negative infinity */
#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
#define DUK_TAG_FASTINT           0xfff1UL   /* embed: integer value */
#endif
#define DUK_TAG_UNUSED            0xfff2UL   /* marker; not actual tagged value */
#define DUK_TAG_UNDEFINED         0xfff3UL   /* embed: nothing */
#define DUK_TAG_NULL              0xfff4UL   /* embed: nothing */
#define DUK_TAG_BOOLEAN           0xfff5UL   /* embed: 0 or 1 (false or true) */
/* DUK_TAG_NUMBER would logically go here, but it has multiple 'tags' */
#define DUK_TAG_POINTER           0xfff6UL   /* embed: void ptr */
#define DUK_TAG_LIGHTFUNC         0xfff7UL   /* embed: func ptr */
#define DUK_TAG_STRING            0xfff8UL   /* embed: duk_hstring ptr */
#define DUK_TAG_OBJECT            0xfff9UL   /* embed: duk_hobject ptr */
#define DUK_TAG_BUFFER            0xfffaUL   /* embed: duk_hbuffer ptr */

/* for convenience */
#define DUK_XTAG_BOOLEAN_FALSE    0xfff50000UL
#define DUK_XTAG_BOOLEAN_TRUE     0xfff50001UL

/* two casts to avoid gcc warning: "warning: cast from pointer to integer of different size [-Wpointer-to-int-cast]" */
#if defined(DUK_USE_64BIT_OPS)
#if defined(DUK_USE_DOUBLE_ME)
#define DUK__TVAL_SET_TAGGEDPOINTER(v,h,tag)  do { \
		(v)->ull[DUK_DBL_IDX_ULL0] = (((duk_uint64_t) (tag)) << 16) | (((duk_uint64_t) (duk_uint32_t) (h)) << 32); \
	} while (0)
#else
#define DUK__TVAL_SET_TAGGEDPOINTER(v,h,tag)  do { \
		(v)->ull[DUK_DBL_IDX_ULL0] = (((duk_uint64_t) (tag)) << 48) | ((duk_uint64_t) (duk_uint32_t) (h)); \
	} while (0)
#endif
#else  /* DUK_USE_64BIT_OPS */
#define DUK__TVAL_SET_TAGGEDPOINTER(v,h,tag)  do { \
		(v)->ui[DUK_DBL_IDX_UI0] = ((duk_uint32_t) (tag)) << 16; \
		(v)->ui[DUK_DBL_IDX_UI1] = (duk_uint32_t) (h); \
	} while (0)
#endif  /* DUK_USE_64BIT_OPS */

#if defined(DUK_USE_64BIT_OPS)
/* Double casting for pointer to avoid gcc warning (cast from pointer to integer of different size) */
#if defined(DUK_USE_DOUBLE_ME)
#define DUK__TVAL_SET_LIGHTFUNC(v,fp,flags)  do { \
		(v)->ull[DUK_DBL_IDX_ULL0] = (((duk_uint64_t) DUK_TAG_LIGHTFUNC) << 16) | \
		                             ((duk_uint64_t) (flags)) | \
		                             (((duk_uint64_t) (duk_uint32_t) (fp)) << 32); \
	} while (0)
#else
#define DUK__TVAL_SET_LIGHTFUNC(v,fp,flags)  do { \
		(v)->ull[DUK_DBL_IDX_ULL0] = (((duk_uint64_t) DUK_TAG_LIGHTFUNC) << 48) | \
		                             (((duk_uint64_t) (flags)) << 32) | \
		                             ((duk_uint64_t) (duk_uint32_t) (fp)); \
	} while (0)
#endif
#else  /* DUK_USE_64BIT_OPS */
#define DUK__TVAL_SET_LIGHTFUNC(v,fp,flags)  do { \
		(v)->ui[DUK_DBL_IDX_UI0] = (((duk_uint32_t) DUK_TAG_LIGHTFUNC) << 16) | ((duk_uint32_t) (flags)); \
		(v)->ui[DUK_DBL_IDX_UI1] = (duk_uint32_t) (fp); \
	} while (0)
#endif  /* DUK_USE_64BIT_OPS */

#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
/* Note: masking is done for 'i' to deal with negative numbers correctly */
#if defined(DUK_USE_DOUBLE_ME)
#define DUK__TVAL_SET_FASTINT(v,i)  do { \
		(v)->ui[DUK_DBL_IDX_UI0] = ((duk_uint32_t) DUK_TAG_FASTINT) << 16 | (((duk_uint32_t) ((i) >> 32)) & 0x0000ffffUL); \
		(v)->ui[DUK_DBL_IDX_UI1] = (duk_uint32_t) (i); \
	} while (0)
#define DUK__TVAL_SET_FASTINT_U32(v,i)  do { \
		(v)->ui[DUK_DBL_IDX_UI0] = ((duk_uint32_t) DUK_TAG_FASTINT) << 16; \
		(v)->ui[DUK_DBL_IDX_UI1] = (duk_uint32_t) (i); \
	} while (0)
#else
#define DUK__TVAL_SET_FASTINT(v,i)  do { \
		(v)->ull[DUK_DBL_IDX_ULL0] = (((duk_uint64_t) DUK_TAG_FASTINT) << 48) | (((duk_uint64_t) (i)) & 0x0000ffffffffffffULL); \
	} while (0)
#define DUK__TVAL_SET_FASTINT_U32(v,i)  do { \
		(v)->ull[DUK_DBL_IDX_ULL0] = (((duk_uint64_t) DUK_TAG_FASTINT) << 48) | (duk_uint64_t) (i); \
	} while (0)
#endif

#define DUK__TVAL_SET_FASTINT_I32(v,i)  do { \
		duk_int64_t duk__tmp = (duk_int64_t) (i); \
		DUK_TVAL_SET_FASTINT((v), duk__tmp); \
	} while (0)

/* XXX: clumsy sign extend and masking of 16 topmost bits */
#if defined(DUK_USE_DOUBLE_ME)
#define DUK__TVAL_GET_FASTINT(v)      (((duk_int64_t) ((((duk_uint64_t) (v)->ui[DUK_DBL_IDX_UI0]) << 32) | ((duk_uint64_t) (v)->ui[DUK_DBL_IDX_UI1]))) << 16 >> 16)
#else
#define DUK__TVAL_GET_FASTINT(v)      ((((duk_int64_t) (v)->ull[DUK_DBL_IDX_ULL0]) << 16) >> 16)
#endif
#define DUK__TVAL_GET_FASTINT_U32(v)  ((v)->ui[DUK_DBL_IDX_UI1])
#define DUK__TVAL_GET_FASTINT_I32(v)  ((duk_int32_t) (v)->ui[DUK_DBL_IDX_UI1])
#endif  /* DUK_USE_FASTINT */

#define DUK_TVAL_SET_UNDEFINED(v)  do { \
		(v)->us[DUK_DBL_IDX_US0] = (duk_uint16_t) DUK_TAG_UNDEFINED; \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_UNUSED(v)  do { \
		(v)->us[DUK_DBL_IDX_US0] = (duk_uint16_t) DUK_TAG_UNUSED; \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_NULL(v)  do { \
		(v)->us[DUK_DBL_IDX_US0] = (duk_uint16_t) DUK_TAG_NULL; \
	} while (0)

#define DUK_TVAL_SET_BOOLEAN(v,val)         DUK_DBLUNION_SET_HIGH32((v), (((duk_uint32_t) DUK_TAG_BOOLEAN) << 16) | ((duk_uint32_t) (val)))

#define DUK_TVAL_SET_NAN(v)                 DUK_DBLUNION_SET_NAN_FULL((v))

/* Assumes that caller has normalized NaNs, otherwise trouble ahead. */
#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_DOUBLE(v,d)  do { \
		duk_double_t duk__dblval; \
		duk__dblval = (d); \
		DUK_ASSERT_DOUBLE_IS_NORMALIZED(duk__dblval); \
		DUK_DBLUNION_SET_DOUBLE((v), duk__dblval); \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_FASTINT(v,i)           DUK__TVAL_SET_FASTINT((v), (i))
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_FASTINT_I32(v,i)       DUK__TVAL_SET_FASTINT_I32((v), (i))
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_FASTINT_U32(v,i)       DUK__TVAL_SET_FASTINT_U32((v), (i))
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_NUMBER_CHKFAST(v,d)    duk_tval_set_number_chkfast((v), (d))
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_NUMBER(v,d)            DUK_TVAL_SET_DOUBLE((v), (d))
#define DUK_TVAL_CHKFAST_INPLACE(v)  do { \
		duk_tval *duk__tv; \
		duk_double_t duk__d; \
		duk__tv = (v); \
		if (DUK_TVAL_IS_DOUBLE(duk__tv)) { \
			duk__d = DUK_TVAL_GET_DOUBLE(duk__tv); \
			DUK_TVAL_SET_NUMBER_CHKFAST(duk__tv, duk__d); \
		} \
	} while (0)
#else
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_DOUBLE(v,d)  do { \
		duk_double_t duk__dblval; \
		duk__dblval = (d); \
		DUK_ASSERT_DOUBLE_IS_NORMALIZED(duk__dblval); \
		DUK_DBLUNION_SET_DOUBLE((v), duk__dblval); \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_FASTINT(v,i)           DUK_TVAL_SET_DOUBLE((v), (duk_double_t) (i))  /* XXX: fast int-to-double */
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_FASTINT_I32(v,i)       DUK_TVAL_SET_DOUBLE((v), (duk_double_t) (i))
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_FASTINT_U32(v,i)       DUK_TVAL_SET_DOUBLE((v), (duk_double_t) (i))
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_NUMBER_CHKFAST(v,d)    DUK_TVAL_SET_DOUBLE((v), (d))
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_NUMBER(v,d)            DUK_TVAL_SET_DOUBLE((v), (d))
#define DUK_TVAL_CHKFAST_INPLACE(v)  do { } while (0)
#endif

#define DUK_TVAL_SET_LIGHTFUNC(v,fp,flags)  DUK__TVAL_SET_LIGHTFUNC((v), (fp), (flags))
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_STRING(v,h)            DUK__TVAL_SET_TAGGEDPOINTER((v), (h), DUK_TAG_STRING)
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_OBJECT(v,h)            DUK__TVAL_SET_TAGGEDPOINTER((v), (h), DUK_TAG_OBJECT)
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_BUFFER(v,h)            DUK__TVAL_SET_TAGGEDPOINTER((v), (h), DUK_TAG_BUFFER)
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_POINTER(v,p)           DUK__TVAL_SET_TAGGEDPOINTER((v), (p), DUK_TAG_POINTER)

#define DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL(v,x)              do { *(v) = *(x); } while (0)

/* getters */
#define DUK_TVAL_GET_BOOLEAN(v)             ((int) (v)->us[DUK_DBL_IDX_US1])
#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
#define DUK_TVAL_GET_DOUBLE(v)              ((v)->d)
#define DUK_TVAL_GET_FASTINT(v)             DUK__TVAL_GET_FASTINT((v))
#define DUK_TVAL_GET_FASTINT_U32(v)         DUK__TVAL_GET_FASTINT_U32((v))
#define DUK_TVAL_GET_FASTINT_I32(v)         DUK__TVAL_GET_FASTINT_I32((v))
#define DUK_TVAL_GET_NUMBER(v)              duk_tval_get_number_packed((v))
#else
#define DUK_TVAL_GET_NUMBER(v)              ((v)->d)
#define DUK_TVAL_GET_DOUBLE(v)              ((v)->d)
#endif
#define DUK_TVAL_GET_LIGHTFUNC(v,out_fp,out_flags)  do { \
		(out_flags) = (v)->ui[DUK_DBL_IDX_UI0] & 0xffffUL; \
		(out_fp) = (duk_c_function) (v)->ui[DUK_DBL_IDX_UI1]; \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_TVAL_GET_LIGHTFUNC_FUNCPTR(v)   ((duk_c_function) ((v)->ui[DUK_DBL_IDX_UI1]))
#define DUK_TVAL_GET_LIGHTFUNC_FLAGS(v)     (((int) (v)->ui[DUK_DBL_IDX_UI0]) & 0xffffUL)
#define DUK_TVAL_GET_STRING(v)              ((duk_hstring *) (v)->vp[DUK_DBL_IDX_VP1])
#define DUK_TVAL_GET_OBJECT(v)              ((duk_hobject *) (v)->vp[DUK_DBL_IDX_VP1])
#define DUK_TVAL_GET_BUFFER(v)              ((duk_hbuffer *) (v)->vp[DUK_DBL_IDX_VP1])
#define DUK_TVAL_GET_POINTER(v)             ((void *) (v)->vp[DUK_DBL_IDX_VP1])
#define DUK_TVAL_GET_HEAPHDR(v)             ((duk_heaphdr *) (v)->vp[DUK_DBL_IDX_VP1])

/* decoding */
#define DUK_TVAL_GET_TAG(v)                 ((duk_small_uint_t) (v)->us[DUK_DBL_IDX_US0])

#define DUK_TVAL_IS_UNDEFINED(v)            (DUK_TVAL_GET_TAG((v)) == DUK_TAG_UNDEFINED)
#define DUK_TVAL_IS_UNUSED(v)               (DUK_TVAL_GET_TAG((v)) == DUK_TAG_UNUSED)
#define DUK_TVAL_IS_NULL(v)                 (DUK_TVAL_GET_TAG((v)) == DUK_TAG_NULL)
#define DUK_TVAL_IS_BOOLEAN(v)              (DUK_TVAL_GET_TAG((v)) == DUK_TAG_BOOLEAN)
#define DUK_TVAL_IS_BOOLEAN_TRUE(v)         ((v)->ui[DUK_DBL_IDX_UI0] == DUK_XTAG_BOOLEAN_TRUE)
#define DUK_TVAL_IS_BOOLEAN_FALSE(v)        ((v)->ui[DUK_DBL_IDX_UI0] == DUK_XTAG_BOOLEAN_FALSE)
#define DUK_TVAL_IS_LIGHTFUNC(v)            (DUK_TVAL_GET_TAG((v)) == DUK_TAG_LIGHTFUNC)
#define DUK_TVAL_IS_STRING(v)               (DUK_TVAL_GET_TAG((v)) == DUK_TAG_STRING)
#define DUK_TVAL_IS_OBJECT(v)               (DUK_TVAL_GET_TAG((v)) == DUK_TAG_OBJECT)
#define DUK_TVAL_IS_BUFFER(v)               (DUK_TVAL_GET_TAG((v)) == DUK_TAG_BUFFER)
#define DUK_TVAL_IS_POINTER(v)              (DUK_TVAL_GET_TAG((v)) == DUK_TAG_POINTER)
#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
/* 0xfff0 is -Infinity */
#define DUK_TVAL_IS_DOUBLE(v)               (DUK_TVAL_GET_TAG((v)) <= 0xfff0UL)
#define DUK_TVAL_IS_FASTINT(v)              (DUK_TVAL_GET_TAG((v)) == DUK_TAG_FASTINT)
#define DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(v)               (DUK_TVAL_GET_TAG((v)) <= 0xfff1UL)
#else
#define DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(v)               (DUK_TVAL_GET_TAG((v)) <= 0xfff0UL)
#define DUK_TVAL_IS_DOUBLE(v)               DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER((v))
#endif

/* This is performance critical because it appears in every DECREF. */
#define DUK_TVAL_IS_HEAP_ALLOCATED(v)       (DUK_TVAL_GET_TAG((v)) >= DUK_TAG_STRING)

#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_double_t duk_tval_get_number_packed(duk_tval *tv);
#endif

#else  /* DUK_USE_PACKED_TVAL */
/* ======================================================================== */

/*
 *  Portable 12-byte representation
 */

/* Note: not initializing all bytes is normally not an issue: Duktape won't
 * read or use the uninitialized bytes so valgrind won't issue warnings.
 * In some special cases a harmless valgrind warning may be issued though.
 * For example, the DumpHeap debugger command writes out a compiled function's
 * 'data' area as is, including any uninitialized bytes, which causes a
 * valgrind warning.
 */

typedef struct duk_tval_struct duk_tval;

struct duk_tval_struct {
	duk_small_uint_t t;
	duk_small_uint_t v_extra;
	union {
		duk_double_t d;
		duk_small_int_t i;
#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
		duk_int64_t fi;  /* if present, forces 16-byte duk_tval */
#endif
		void *voidptr;
		duk_hstring *hstring;
		duk_hobject *hobject;
		duk_hcompiledfunction *hcompiledfunction;
		duk_hnativefunction *hnativefunction;
		duk_hthread *hthread;
		duk_hbuffer *hbuffer;
		duk_heaphdr *heaphdr;
		duk_c_function lightfunc;
	} v;
};

#define DUK__TAG_NUMBER               0  /* not exposed */
#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
#define DUK_TAG_FASTINT               1
#endif
#define DUK_TAG_UNDEFINED             2
#define DUK_TAG_NULL                  3
#define DUK_TAG_BOOLEAN               4
#define DUK_TAG_POINTER               5
#define DUK_TAG_LIGHTFUNC             6
#define DUK_TAG_UNUSED                7  /* marker; not actual tagged type */
#define DUK_TAG_STRING                8  /* first heap allocated, match bit boundary */
#define DUK_TAG_OBJECT                9
#define DUK_TAG_BUFFER                10

/* DUK__TAG_NUMBER is intentionally first, as it is the default clause in code
 * to support the 8-byte representation.  Further, it is a non-heap-allocated
 * type so it should come before DUK_TAG_STRING.  Finally, it should not break
 * the tag value ranges covered by case-clauses in a switch-case.
 */

/* setters */
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_UNDEFINED(tv)  do { \
		(tv)->t = DUK_TAG_UNDEFINED; \
	} while (0)

#define DUK_TVAL_SET_UNUSED(tv)  do { \
		(tv)->t = DUK_TAG_UNUSED; \
	} while (0)

#define DUK_TVAL_SET_NULL(tv)  do { \
		(tv)->t = DUK_TAG_NULL; \
	} while (0)

#define DUK_TVAL_SET_BOOLEAN(tv,val)  do { \
		(tv)->t = DUK_TAG_BOOLEAN; \
		(tv)->v.i = (val); \
	} while (0)

#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_DOUBLE(tv,val)  do { \
		(tv)->t = DUK__TAG_NUMBER; \
		(tv)->v.d = (val); \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_FASTINT(tv,val)  do { \
		(tv)->t = DUK_TAG_FASTINT; \
		(tv)->v.fi = (val); \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_FASTINT_U32(tv,val)  do { \
		(tv)->t = DUK_TAG_FASTINT; \
		(tv)->v.fi = (duk_int64_t) (val); \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_FASTINT_I32(tv,val)  do { \
		(tv)->t = DUK_TAG_FASTINT; \
		(tv)->v.fi = (duk_int64_t) (val); \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_NUMBER_CHKFAST(tv,d) \
	duk_tval_set_number_chkfast((tv), (d))
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_NUMBER(tv,val) \
	DUK_TVAL_SET_DOUBLE((tv), (val))
#define DUK_TVAL_CHKFAST_INPLACE(v)  do { \
		duk_tval *duk__tv; \
		duk_double_t duk__d; \
		duk__tv = (v); \
		if (DUK_TVAL_IS_DOUBLE(duk__tv)) { \
			duk__d = DUK_TVAL_GET_DOUBLE(duk__tv); \
			DUK_TVAL_SET_NUMBER_CHKFAST(duk__tv, duk__d); \
		} \
	} while (0)
#else
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_DOUBLE(tv,d) \
	DUK_TVAL_SET_NUMBER((tv), (d))
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_FASTINT(tv,val) \
	DUK_TVAL_SET_NUMBER((tv), (duk_double_t) (val))  /* XXX: fast int-to-double */
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_FASTINT_U32(tv,val) \
	DUK_TVAL_SET_NUMBER((tv), (duk_double_t) (val))
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_FASTINT_I32(tv,val) \
	DUK_TVAL_SET_NUMBER((tv), (duk_double_t) (val))
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_NUMBER(tv,val)  do { \
		(tv)->t = DUK__TAG_NUMBER; \
		(tv)->v.d = (val); \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_NUMBER_CHKFAST(tv,d) \
	DUK_TVAL_SET_NUMBER((tv), (d))
#define DUK_TVAL_CHKFAST_INPLACE(v)  do { } while (0)
#endif  /* DUK_USE_FASTINT */

#define DUK_TVAL_SET_POINTER(tv,hptr)  do { \
		(tv)->t = DUK_TAG_POINTER; \
		(tv)->v.voidptr = (hptr); \
	} while (0)

#define DUK_TVAL_SET_LIGHTFUNC(tv,fp,flags)  do { \
		(tv)->t = DUK_TAG_LIGHTFUNC; \
		(tv)->v_extra = (flags); \
		(tv)->v.lightfunc = (duk_c_function) (fp); \
	} while (0)

#define DUK_TVAL_SET_STRING(tv,hptr)  do { \
		(tv)->t = DUK_TAG_STRING; \
		(tv)->v.hstring = (hptr); \
	} while (0)

#define DUK_TVAL_SET_OBJECT(tv,hptr)  do { \
		(tv)->t = DUK_TAG_OBJECT; \
		(tv)->v.hobject = (hptr); \
	} while (0)

#define DUK_TVAL_SET_BUFFER(tv,hptr)  do { \
		(tv)->t = DUK_TAG_BUFFER; \
		(tv)->v.hbuffer = (hptr); \
	} while (0)

#define DUK_TVAL_SET_NAN(tv)  do { \
		/* in non-packed representation we don't care about which NaN is used */ \
		(tv)->t = DUK__TAG_NUMBER; \
		(tv)->v.d = DUK_DOUBLE_NAN; \
	} while (0)

#define DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL(v,x)             do { *(v) = *(x); } while (0)

/* getters */
#define DUK_TVAL_GET_BOOLEAN(tv)           ((tv)->v.i)
#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
#define DUK_TVAL_GET_DOUBLE(tv)            ((tv)->v.d)
#define DUK_TVAL_GET_FASTINT(tv)           ((tv)->v.fi)
#define DUK_TVAL_GET_FASTINT_U32(tv)       ((duk_uint32_t) ((tv)->v.fi))
#define DUK_TVAL_GET_FASTINT_I32(tv)       ((duk_int32_t) ((tv)->v.fi))
#if 0
#define DUK_TVAL_GET_NUMBER(tv)            (DUK_TVAL_IS_FASTINT((tv)) ? \
                                               (duk_double_t) DUK_TVAL_GET_FASTINT((tv)) : \
                                               DUK_TVAL_GET_DOUBLE((tv)))
#define DUK_TVAL_GET_NUMBER(tv)            duk_tval_get_number_unpacked((tv))
#else
/* This seems reasonable overall. */
#define DUK_TVAL_GET_NUMBER(tv)            (DUK_TVAL_IS_FASTINT((tv)) ? \
                                               duk_tval_get_number_unpacked_fastint((tv)) : \
                                               DUK_TVAL_GET_DOUBLE((tv)))
#endif
#else
#define DUK_TVAL_GET_NUMBER(tv)            ((tv)->v.d)
#define DUK_TVAL_GET_DOUBLE(tv)            ((tv)->v.d)
#endif  /* DUK_USE_FASTINT */
#define DUK_TVAL_GET_POINTER(tv)           ((tv)->v.voidptr)
#define DUK_TVAL_GET_LIGHTFUNC(tv,out_fp,out_flags)  do { \
		(out_flags) = (duk_uint32_t) (tv)->v_extra; \
		(out_fp) = (tv)->v.lightfunc; \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_TVAL_GET_LIGHTFUNC_FUNCPTR(tv) ((tv)->v.lightfunc)
#define DUK_TVAL_GET_LIGHTFUNC_FLAGS(tv)   ((duk_uint32_t) ((tv)->v_extra))
#define DUK_TVAL_GET_STRING(tv)            ((tv)->v.hstring)
#define DUK_TVAL_GET_OBJECT(tv)            ((tv)->v.hobject)
#define DUK_TVAL_GET_BUFFER(tv)            ((tv)->v.hbuffer)
#define DUK_TVAL_GET_HEAPHDR(tv)           ((tv)->v.heaphdr)

/* decoding */
#define DUK_TVAL_GET_TAG(tv)               ((tv)->t)
#define DUK_TVAL_IS_UNDEFINED(tv)          ((tv)->t == DUK_TAG_UNDEFINED)
#define DUK_TVAL_IS_UNUSED(tv)             ((tv)->t == DUK_TAG_UNUSED)
#define DUK_TVAL_IS_NULL(tv)               ((tv)->t == DUK_TAG_NULL)
#define DUK_TVAL_IS_BOOLEAN(tv)            ((tv)->t == DUK_TAG_BOOLEAN)
#define DUK_TVAL_IS_BOOLEAN_TRUE(tv)       (((tv)->t == DUK_TAG_BOOLEAN) && ((tv)->v.i != 0))
#define DUK_TVAL_IS_BOOLEAN_FALSE(tv)      (((tv)->t == DUK_TAG_BOOLEAN) && ((tv)->v.i == 0))
#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
#define DUK_TVAL_IS_DOUBLE(tv)             ((tv)->t == DUK__TAG_NUMBER)
#define DUK_TVAL_IS_FASTINT(tv)            ((tv)->t == DUK_TAG_FASTINT)
#define DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv)             ((tv)->t == DUK__TAG_NUMBER || \
                                            (tv)->t == DUK_TAG_FASTINT)
#else
#define DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv)             ((tv)->t == DUK__TAG_NUMBER)
#define DUK_TVAL_IS_DOUBLE(v)              DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER((v))
#endif  /* DUK_USE_FASTINT */
#define DUK_TVAL_IS_POINTER(tv)            ((tv)->t == DUK_TAG_POINTER)
#define DUK_TVAL_IS_LIGHTFUNC(tv)          ((tv)->t == DUK_TAG_LIGHTFUNC)
#define DUK_TVAL_IS_STRING(tv)             ((tv)->t == DUK_TAG_STRING)
#define DUK_TVAL_IS_OBJECT(tv)             ((tv)->t == DUK_TAG_OBJECT)
#define DUK_TVAL_IS_BUFFER(tv)             ((tv)->t == DUK_TAG_BUFFER)

/* This is performance critical because it's needed for every DECREF.
 * Take advantage of the fact that the first heap allocated tag is 8,
 * so that bit 3 is set for all heap allocated tags (and never set for
 * non-heap-allocated tags).
 */
#if 0
#define DUK_TVAL_IS_HEAP_ALLOCATED(tv)     ((tv)->t >= DUK_TAG_STRING)
#endif
#define DUK_TVAL_IS_HEAP_ALLOCATED(tv)     ((tv)->t & 0x08)

#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
#if 0
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_double_t duk_tval_get_number_unpacked(duk_tval *tv);
#endif
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_double_t duk_tval_get_number_unpacked_fastint(duk_tval *tv);
#endif

#endif  /* DUK_USE_PACKED_TVAL */

/*
 *  Convenience (independent of representation)
 */

#define DUK_TVAL_SET_BOOLEAN_TRUE(v)        DUK_TVAL_SET_BOOLEAN(v, 1)
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_BOOLEAN_FALSE(v)       DUK_TVAL_SET_BOOLEAN(v, 0)

/* Lightfunc flags packing and unpacking. */
/* Sign extend: 0x0000##00 -> 0x##000000 -> sign extend to 0xssssss## */
#define DUK_LFUNC_FLAGS_GET_MAGIC(lf_flags) \
	((((duk_int32_t) (lf_flags)) << 16) >> 24)
#define DUK_LFUNC_FLAGS_GET_LENGTH(lf_flags) \
	(((lf_flags) >> 4) & 0x0f)
#define DUK_LFUNC_FLAGS_GET_NARGS(lf_flags) \
	((lf_flags) & 0x0f)
#define DUK_LFUNC_FLAGS_PACK(magic,length,nargs) \
	(((magic) & 0xff) << 8) | ((length) << 4) | (nargs)

#define DUK_LFUNC_NARGS_VARARGS             0x0f   /* varargs marker */
#define DUK_LFUNC_NARGS_MIN                 0x00
#define DUK_LFUNC_NARGS_MAX                 0x0e   /* max, excl. varargs marker */
#define DUK_LFUNC_LENGTH_MIN                0x00
#define DUK_LFUNC_LENGTH_MAX                0x0f
#define DUK_LFUNC_MAGIC_MIN                 (-0x80)
#define DUK_LFUNC_MAGIC_MAX                 0x7f

/* fastint constants etc */
#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
#define DUK_FASTINT_MIN           (-0x800000000000LL)
#define DUK_FASTINT_MAX           0x7fffffffffffLL
#define DUK_FASTINT_BITS          48

DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_tval_set_number_chkfast(duk_tval *tv, duk_double_t x);
#endif

#endif  /* DUK_TVAL_H_INCLUDED */
/*
 *  Automatically generated by genbuiltins.py, do not edit!
 */

#ifndef DUK_BUILTINS_H_INCLUDED
#define DUK_BUILTINS_H_INCLUDED

#if defined(DUK_USE_ROM_STRINGS)
#error ROM support not enabled, rerun make_dist.py with --rom-support
#else  /* DUK_USE_ROM_STRINGS */
#define DUK_STRIDX_UC_UNDEFINED                                       0                              /* 'Undefined' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_UC_UNDEFINED(heap)                            DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_UC_UNDEFINED)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_UC_UNDEFINED(thr)                          DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_UC_UNDEFINED)
#define DUK_STRIDX_UC_NULL                                            1                              /* 'Null' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_UC_NULL(heap)                                 DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_UC_NULL)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_UC_NULL(thr)                               DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_UC_NULL)
#define DUK_STRIDX_UC_ARGUMENTS                                       2                              /* 'Arguments' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_UC_ARGUMENTS(heap)                            DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_UC_ARGUMENTS)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_UC_ARGUMENTS(thr)                          DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_UC_ARGUMENTS)
#define DUK_STRIDX_UC_OBJECT                                          3                              /* 'Object' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_UC_OBJECT(heap)                               DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_UC_OBJECT)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_UC_OBJECT(thr)                             DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_UC_OBJECT)
#define DUK_STRIDX_UC_FUNCTION                                        4                              /* 'Function' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_UC_FUNCTION(heap)                             DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_UC_FUNCTION)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_UC_FUNCTION(thr)                           DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_UC_FUNCTION)
#define DUK_STRIDX_ARRAY                                              5                              /* 'Array' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_ARRAY(heap)                                   DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_ARRAY)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_ARRAY(thr)                                 DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_ARRAY)
#define DUK_STRIDX_UC_STRING                                          6                              /* 'String' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_UC_STRING(heap)                               DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_UC_STRING)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_UC_STRING(thr)                             DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_UC_STRING)
#define DUK_STRIDX_UC_BOOLEAN                                         7                              /* 'Boolean' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_UC_BOOLEAN(heap)                              DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_UC_BOOLEAN)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_UC_BOOLEAN(thr)                            DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_UC_BOOLEAN)
#define DUK_STRIDX_UC_NUMBER                                          8                              /* 'Number' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_UC_NUMBER(heap)                               DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_UC_NUMBER)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_UC_NUMBER(thr)                             DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_UC_NUMBER)
#define DUK_STRIDX_DATE                                               9                              /* 'Date' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_DATE(heap)                                    DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_DATE)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_DATE(thr)                                  DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_DATE)
#define DUK_STRIDX_REG_EXP                                            10                             /* 'RegExp' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_REG_EXP(heap)                                 DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_REG_EXP)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_REG_EXP(thr)                               DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_REG_EXP)
#define DUK_STRIDX_UC_ERROR                                           11                             /* 'Error' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_UC_ERROR(heap)                                DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_UC_ERROR)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_UC_ERROR(thr)                              DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_UC_ERROR)
#define DUK_STRIDX_MATH                                               12                             /* 'Math' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_MATH(heap)                                    DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_MATH)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_MATH(thr)                                  DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_MATH)
#define DUK_STRIDX_JSON                                               13                             /* 'JSON' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_JSON(heap)                                    DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_JSON)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_JSON(thr)                                  DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_JSON)
#define DUK_STRIDX_EMPTY_STRING                                       14                             /* '' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_EMPTY_STRING(heap)                            DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_EMPTY_STRING)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_EMPTY_STRING(thr)                          DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_EMPTY_STRING)
#define DUK_STRIDX_ARRAY_BUFFER                                       15                             /* 'ArrayBuffer' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_ARRAY_BUFFER(heap)                            DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_ARRAY_BUFFER)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_ARRAY_BUFFER(thr)                          DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_ARRAY_BUFFER)
#define DUK_STRIDX_DATA_VIEW                                          16                             /* 'DataView' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_DATA_VIEW(heap)                               DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_DATA_VIEW)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_DATA_VIEW(thr)                             DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_DATA_VIEW)
#define DUK_STRIDX_INT8_ARRAY                                         17                             /* 'Int8Array' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_INT8_ARRAY(heap)                              DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_INT8_ARRAY)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_INT8_ARRAY(thr)                            DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_INT8_ARRAY)
#define DUK_STRIDX_UINT8_ARRAY                                        18                             /* 'Uint8Array' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_UINT8_ARRAY(heap)                             DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_UINT8_ARRAY)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_UINT8_ARRAY(thr)                           DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_UINT8_ARRAY)
#define DUK_STRIDX_UINT8_CLAMPED_ARRAY                                19                             /* 'Uint8ClampedArray' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_UINT8_CLAMPED_ARRAY(heap)                     DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_UINT8_CLAMPED_ARRAY)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_UINT8_CLAMPED_ARRAY(thr)                   DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_UINT8_CLAMPED_ARRAY)
#define DUK_STRIDX_INT16_ARRAY                                        20                             /* 'Int16Array' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_INT16_ARRAY(heap)                             DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_INT16_ARRAY)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_INT16_ARRAY(thr)                           DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_INT16_ARRAY)
#define DUK_STRIDX_UINT16_ARRAY                                       21                             /* 'Uint16Array' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_UINT16_ARRAY(heap)                            DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_UINT16_ARRAY)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_UINT16_ARRAY(thr)                          DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_UINT16_ARRAY)
#define DUK_STRIDX_INT32_ARRAY                                        22                             /* 'Int32Array' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_INT32_ARRAY(heap)                             DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_INT32_ARRAY)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_INT32_ARRAY(thr)                           DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_INT32_ARRAY)
#define DUK_STRIDX_UINT32_ARRAY                                       23                             /* 'Uint32Array' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_UINT32_ARRAY(heap)                            DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_UINT32_ARRAY)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_UINT32_ARRAY(thr)                          DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_UINT32_ARRAY)
#define DUK_STRIDX_FLOAT32_ARRAY                                      24                             /* 'Float32Array' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_FLOAT32_ARRAY(heap)                           DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_FLOAT32_ARRAY)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_FLOAT32_ARRAY(thr)                         DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_FLOAT32_ARRAY)
#define DUK_STRIDX_FLOAT64_ARRAY                                      25                             /* 'Float64Array' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_FLOAT64_ARRAY(heap)                           DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_FLOAT64_ARRAY)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_FLOAT64_ARRAY(thr)                         DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_FLOAT64_ARRAY)
#define DUK_STRIDX_GLOBAL                                             26                             /* 'global' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_GLOBAL(heap)                                  DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_GLOBAL)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_GLOBAL(thr)                                DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_GLOBAL)
#define DUK_STRIDX_OBJ_ENV                                            27                             /* 'ObjEnv' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_OBJ_ENV(heap)                                 DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_OBJ_ENV)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_OBJ_ENV(thr)                               DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_OBJ_ENV)
#define DUK_STRIDX_DEC_ENV                                            28                             /* 'DecEnv' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_DEC_ENV(heap)                                 DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_DEC_ENV)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_DEC_ENV(thr)                               DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_DEC_ENV)
#define DUK_STRIDX_UC_BUFFER                                          29                             /* 'Buffer' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_UC_BUFFER(heap)                               DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_UC_BUFFER)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_UC_BUFFER(thr)                             DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_UC_BUFFER)
#define DUK_STRIDX_UC_POINTER                                         30                             /* 'Pointer' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_UC_POINTER(heap)                              DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_UC_POINTER)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_UC_POINTER(thr)                            DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_UC_POINTER)
#define DUK_STRIDX_UC_THREAD                                          31                             /* 'Thread' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_UC_THREAD(heap)                               DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_UC_THREAD)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_UC_THREAD(thr)                             DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_UC_THREAD)
#define DUK_STRIDX_EVAL                                               32                             /* 'eval' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_EVAL(heap)                                    DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_EVAL)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_EVAL(thr)                                  DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_EVAL)
#define DUK_STRIDX_DEFINE_PROPERTY                                    33                             /* 'defineProperty' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_DEFINE_PROPERTY(heap)                         DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_DEFINE_PROPERTY)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_DEFINE_PROPERTY(thr)                       DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_DEFINE_PROPERTY)
#define DUK_STRIDX_VALUE                                              34                             /* 'value' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_VALUE(heap)                                   DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_VALUE)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_VALUE(thr)                                 DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_VALUE)
#define DUK_STRIDX_WRITABLE                                           35                             /* 'writable' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_WRITABLE(heap)                                DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_WRITABLE)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_WRITABLE(thr)                              DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_WRITABLE)
#define DUK_STRIDX_CONFIGURABLE                                       36                             /* 'configurable' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_CONFIGURABLE(heap)                            DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_CONFIGURABLE)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_CONFIGURABLE(thr)                          DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_CONFIGURABLE)
#define DUK_STRIDX_ENUMERABLE                                         37                             /* 'enumerable' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_ENUMERABLE(heap)                              DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_ENUMERABLE)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_ENUMERABLE(thr)                            DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_ENUMERABLE)
#define DUK_STRIDX_JOIN                                               38                             /* 'join' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_JOIN(heap)                                    DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_JOIN)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_JOIN(thr)                                  DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_JOIN)
#define DUK_STRIDX_TO_LOCALE_STRING                                   39                             /* 'toLocaleString' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_TO_LOCALE_STRING(heap)                        DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_TO_LOCALE_STRING)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_TO_LOCALE_STRING(thr)                      DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_TO_LOCALE_STRING)
#define DUK_STRIDX_VALUE_OF                                           40                             /* 'valueOf' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_VALUE_OF(heap)                                DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_VALUE_OF)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_VALUE_OF(thr)                              DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_VALUE_OF)
#define DUK_STRIDX_TO_UTC_STRING                                      41                             /* 'toUTCString' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_TO_UTC_STRING(heap)                           DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_TO_UTC_STRING)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_TO_UTC_STRING(thr)                         DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_TO_UTC_STRING)
#define DUK_STRIDX_TO_ISO_STRING                                      42                             /* 'toISOString' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_TO_ISO_STRING(heap)                           DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_TO_ISO_STRING)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_TO_ISO_STRING(thr)                         DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_TO_ISO_STRING)
#define DUK_STRIDX_TO_GMT_STRING                                      43                             /* 'toGMTString' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_TO_GMT_STRING(heap)                           DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_TO_GMT_STRING)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_TO_GMT_STRING(thr)                         DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_TO_GMT_STRING)
#define DUK_STRIDX_SOURCE                                             44                             /* 'source' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_SOURCE(heap)                                  DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_SOURCE)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_SOURCE(thr)                                DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_SOURCE)
#define DUK_STRIDX_IGNORE_CASE                                        45                             /* 'ignoreCase' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_IGNORE_CASE(heap)                             DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_IGNORE_CASE)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_IGNORE_CASE(thr)                           DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_IGNORE_CASE)
#define DUK_STRIDX_MULTILINE                                          46                             /* 'multiline' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_MULTILINE(heap)                               DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_MULTILINE)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_MULTILINE(thr)                             DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_MULTILINE)
#define DUK_STRIDX_LAST_INDEX                                         47                             /* 'lastIndex' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_LAST_INDEX(heap)                              DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_LAST_INDEX)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_LAST_INDEX(thr)                            DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_LAST_INDEX)
#define DUK_STRIDX_ESCAPED_EMPTY_REGEXP                               48                             /* '(?:)' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_ESCAPED_EMPTY_REGEXP(heap)                    DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_ESCAPED_EMPTY_REGEXP)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_ESCAPED_EMPTY_REGEXP(thr)                  DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_ESCAPED_EMPTY_REGEXP)
#define DUK_STRIDX_INDEX                                              49                             /* 'index' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_INDEX(heap)                                   DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_INDEX)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_INDEX(thr)                                 DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_INDEX)
#define DUK_STRIDX_PROTOTYPE                                          50                             /* 'prototype' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_PROTOTYPE(heap)                               DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_PROTOTYPE)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_PROTOTYPE(thr)                             DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_PROTOTYPE)
#define DUK_STRIDX_CONSTRUCTOR                                        51                             /* 'constructor' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_CONSTRUCTOR(heap)                             DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_CONSTRUCTOR)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_CONSTRUCTOR(thr)                           DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_CONSTRUCTOR)
#define DUK_STRIDX_MESSAGE                                            52                             /* 'message' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_MESSAGE(heap)                                 DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_MESSAGE)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_MESSAGE(thr)                               DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_MESSAGE)
#define DUK_STRIDX_LC_BOOLEAN                                         53                             /* 'boolean' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_LC_BOOLEAN(heap)                              DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_LC_BOOLEAN)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_LC_BOOLEAN(thr)                            DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_LC_BOOLEAN)
#define DUK_STRIDX_LC_NUMBER                                          54                             /* 'number' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_LC_NUMBER(heap)                               DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_LC_NUMBER)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_LC_NUMBER(thr)                             DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_LC_NUMBER)
#define DUK_STRIDX_LC_STRING                                          55                             /* 'string' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_LC_STRING(heap)                               DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_LC_STRING)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_LC_STRING(thr)                             DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_LC_STRING)
#define DUK_STRIDX_LC_OBJECT                                          56                             /* 'object' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_LC_OBJECT(heap)                               DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_LC_OBJECT)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_LC_OBJECT(thr)                             DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_LC_OBJECT)
#define DUK_STRIDX_LC_UNDEFINED                                       57                             /* 'undefined' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_LC_UNDEFINED(heap)                            DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_LC_UNDEFINED)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_LC_UNDEFINED(thr)                          DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_LC_UNDEFINED)
#define DUK_STRIDX_NAN                                                58                             /* 'NaN' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_NAN(heap)                                     DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_NAN)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_NAN(thr)                                   DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_NAN)
#define DUK_STRIDX_INFINITY                                           59                             /* 'Infinity' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_INFINITY(heap)                                DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_INFINITY)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_INFINITY(thr)                              DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_INFINITY)
#define DUK_STRIDX_MINUS_INFINITY                                     60                             /* '-Infinity' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_MINUS_INFINITY(heap)                          DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_MINUS_INFINITY)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_MINUS_INFINITY(thr)                        DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_MINUS_INFINITY)
#define DUK_STRIDX_MINUS_ZERO                                         61                             /* '-0' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_MINUS_ZERO(heap)                              DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_MINUS_ZERO)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_MINUS_ZERO(thr)                            DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_MINUS_ZERO)
#define DUK_STRIDX_COMMA                                              62                             /* ',' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_COMMA(heap)                                   DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_COMMA)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_COMMA(thr)                                 DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_COMMA)
#define DUK_STRIDX_SPACE                                              63                             /* ' ' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_SPACE(heap)                                   DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_SPACE)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_SPACE(thr)                                 DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_SPACE)
#define DUK_STRIDX_NEWLINE_4SPACE                                     64                             /* '\n    ' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_NEWLINE_4SPACE(heap)                          DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_NEWLINE_4SPACE)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_NEWLINE_4SPACE(thr)                        DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_NEWLINE_4SPACE)
#define DUK_STRIDX_BRACKETED_ELLIPSIS                                 65                             /* '[...]' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_BRACKETED_ELLIPSIS(heap)                      DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_BRACKETED_ELLIPSIS)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_BRACKETED_ELLIPSIS(thr)                    DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_BRACKETED_ELLIPSIS)
#define DUK_STRIDX_INVALID_DATE                                       66                             /* 'Invalid Date' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_INVALID_DATE(heap)                            DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_INVALID_DATE)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_INVALID_DATE(thr)                          DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_INVALID_DATE)
#define DUK_STRIDX_LC_ARGUMENTS                                       67                             /* 'arguments' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_LC_ARGUMENTS(heap)                            DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_LC_ARGUMENTS)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_LC_ARGUMENTS(thr)                          DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_LC_ARGUMENTS)
#define DUK_STRIDX_CALLEE                                             68                             /* 'callee' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_CALLEE(heap)                                  DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_CALLEE)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_CALLEE(thr)                                DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_CALLEE)
#define DUK_STRIDX_CALLER                                             69                             /* 'caller' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_CALLER(heap)                                  DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_CALLER)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_CALLER(thr)                                DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_CALLER)
#define DUK_STRIDX_HAS                                                70                             /* 'has' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_HAS(heap)                                     DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_HAS)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_HAS(thr)                                   DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_HAS)
#define DUK_STRIDX_GET                                                71                             /* 'get' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_GET(heap)                                     DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_GET)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_GET(thr)                                   DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_GET)
#define DUK_STRIDX_DELETE_PROPERTY                                    72                             /* 'deleteProperty' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_DELETE_PROPERTY(heap)                         DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_DELETE_PROPERTY)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_DELETE_PROPERTY(thr)                       DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_DELETE_PROPERTY)
#define DUK_STRIDX_ENUMERATE                                          73                             /* 'enumerate' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_ENUMERATE(heap)                               DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_ENUMERATE)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_ENUMERATE(thr)                             DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_ENUMERATE)
#define DUK_STRIDX_OWN_KEYS                                           74                             /* 'ownKeys' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_OWN_KEYS(heap)                                DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_OWN_KEYS)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_OWN_KEYS(thr)                              DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_OWN_KEYS)
#define DUK_STRIDX_SET_PROTOTYPE_OF                                   75                             /* 'setPrototypeOf' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_SET_PROTOTYPE_OF(heap)                        DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_SET_PROTOTYPE_OF)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_SET_PROTOTYPE_OF(thr)                      DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_SET_PROTOTYPE_OF)
#define DUK_STRIDX___PROTO__                                          76                             /* '__proto__' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING___PROTO__(heap)                               DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX___PROTO__)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING___PROTO__(thr)                             DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX___PROTO__)
#define DUK_STRIDX_REQUIRE                                            77                             /* 'require' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_REQUIRE(heap)                                 DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_REQUIRE)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_REQUIRE(thr)                               DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_REQUIRE)
#define DUK_STRIDX_ID                                                 78                             /* 'id' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_ID(heap)                                      DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_ID)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_ID(thr)                                    DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_ID)
#define DUK_STRIDX_EXPORTS                                            79                             /* 'exports' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_EXPORTS(heap)                                 DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_EXPORTS)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_EXPORTS(thr)                               DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_EXPORTS)
#define DUK_STRIDX_FILENAME                                           80                             /* 'filename' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_FILENAME(heap)                                DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_FILENAME)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_FILENAME(thr)                              DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_FILENAME)
#define DUK_STRIDX_TO_STRING                                          81                             /* 'toString' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_TO_STRING(heap)                               DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_TO_STRING)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_TO_STRING(thr)                             DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_TO_STRING)
#define DUK_STRIDX_TO_JSON                                            82                             /* 'toJSON' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_TO_JSON(heap)                                 DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_TO_JSON)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_TO_JSON(thr)                               DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_TO_JSON)
#define DUK_STRIDX_TYPE                                               83                             /* 'type' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_TYPE(heap)                                    DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_TYPE)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_TYPE(thr)                                  DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_TYPE)
#define DUK_STRIDX_DATA                                               84                             /* 'data' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_DATA(heap)                                    DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_DATA)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_DATA(thr)                                  DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_DATA)
#define DUK_STRIDX_LENGTH                                             85                             /* 'length' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_LENGTH(heap)                                  DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_LENGTH)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_LENGTH(thr)                                DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_LENGTH)
#define DUK_STRIDX_BYTE_LENGTH                                        86                             /* 'byteLength' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_BYTE_LENGTH(heap)                             DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_BYTE_LENGTH)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_BYTE_LENGTH(thr)                           DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_BYTE_LENGTH)
#define DUK_STRIDX_BYTE_OFFSET                                        87                             /* 'byteOffset' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_BYTE_OFFSET(heap)                             DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_BYTE_OFFSET)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_BYTE_OFFSET(thr)                           DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_BYTE_OFFSET)
#define DUK_STRIDX_BYTES_PER_ELEMENT                                  88                             /* 'BYTES_PER_ELEMENT' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_BYTES_PER_ELEMENT(heap)                       DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_BYTES_PER_ELEMENT)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_BYTES_PER_ELEMENT(thr)                     DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_BYTES_PER_ELEMENT)
#define DUK_STRIDX_SET                                                89                             /* 'set' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_SET(heap)                                     DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_SET)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_SET(thr)                                   DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_SET)
#define DUK_STRIDX_STACK                                              90                             /* 'stack' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_STACK(heap)                                   DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_STACK)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_STACK(thr)                                 DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_STACK)
#define DUK_STRIDX_PC                                                 91                             /* 'pc' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_PC(heap)                                      DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_PC)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_PC(thr)                                    DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_PC)
#define DUK_STRIDX_LINE_NUMBER                                        92                             /* 'lineNumber' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_LINE_NUMBER(heap)                             DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_LINE_NUMBER)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_LINE_NUMBER(thr)                           DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_LINE_NUMBER)
#define DUK_STRIDX_INT_TRACEDATA                                      93                             /* '\xffTracedata' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_INT_TRACEDATA(heap)                           DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_INT_TRACEDATA)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_INT_TRACEDATA(thr)                         DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_INT_TRACEDATA)
#define DUK_STRIDX_NAME                                               94                             /* 'name' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_NAME(heap)                                    DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_NAME)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_NAME(thr)                                  DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_NAME)
#define DUK_STRIDX_FILE_NAME                                          95                             /* 'fileName' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_FILE_NAME(heap)                               DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_FILE_NAME)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_FILE_NAME(thr)                             DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_FILE_NAME)
#define DUK_STRIDX_LC_BUFFER                                          96                             /* 'buffer' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_LC_BUFFER(heap)                               DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_LC_BUFFER)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_LC_BUFFER(thr)                             DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_LC_BUFFER)
#define DUK_STRIDX_LC_POINTER                                         97                             /* 'pointer' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_LC_POINTER(heap)                              DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_LC_POINTER)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_LC_POINTER(thr)                            DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_LC_POINTER)
#define DUK_STRIDX_INT_VALUE                                          98                             /* '\xffValue' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_INT_VALUE(heap)                               DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_INT_VALUE)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_INT_VALUE(thr)                             DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_INT_VALUE)
#define DUK_STRIDX_INT_NEXT                                           99                             /* '\xffNext' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_INT_NEXT(heap)                                DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_INT_NEXT)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_INT_NEXT(thr)                              DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_INT_NEXT)
#define DUK_STRIDX_INT_BYTECODE                                       100                            /* '\xffBytecode' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_INT_BYTECODE(heap)                            DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_INT_BYTECODE)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_INT_BYTECODE(thr)                          DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_INT_BYTECODE)
#define DUK_STRIDX_INT_FORMALS                                        101                            /* '\xffFormals' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_INT_FORMALS(heap)                             DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_INT_FORMALS)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_INT_FORMALS(thr)                           DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_INT_FORMALS)
#define DUK_STRIDX_INT_VARMAP                                         102                            /* '\xffVarmap' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_INT_VARMAP(heap)                              DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_INT_VARMAP)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_INT_VARMAP(thr)                            DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_INT_VARMAP)
#define DUK_STRIDX_INT_LEXENV                                         103                            /* '\xffLexenv' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_INT_LEXENV(heap)                              DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_INT_LEXENV)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_INT_LEXENV(thr)                            DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_INT_LEXENV)
#define DUK_STRIDX_INT_VARENV                                         104                            /* '\xffVarenv' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_INT_VARENV(heap)                              DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_INT_VARENV)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_INT_VARENV(thr)                            DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_INT_VARENV)
#define DUK_STRIDX_INT_SOURCE                                         105                            /* '\xffSource' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_INT_SOURCE(heap)                              DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_INT_SOURCE)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_INT_SOURCE(thr)                            DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_INT_SOURCE)
#define DUK_STRIDX_INT_PC2LINE                                        106                            /* '\xffPc2line' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_INT_PC2LINE(heap)                             DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_INT_PC2LINE)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_INT_PC2LINE(thr)                           DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_INT_PC2LINE)
#define DUK_STRIDX_INT_ARGS                                           107                            /* '\xffArgs' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_INT_ARGS(heap)                                DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_INT_ARGS)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_INT_ARGS(thr)                              DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_INT_ARGS)
#define DUK_STRIDX_INT_MAP                                            108                            /* '\xffMap' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_INT_MAP(heap)                                 DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_INT_MAP)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_INT_MAP(thr)                               DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_INT_MAP)
#define DUK_STRIDX_INT_FINALIZER                                      109                            /* '\xffFinalizer' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_INT_FINALIZER(heap)                           DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_INT_FINALIZER)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_INT_FINALIZER(thr)                         DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_INT_FINALIZER)
#define DUK_STRIDX_INT_HANDLER                                        110                            /* '\xffHandler' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_INT_HANDLER(heap)                             DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_INT_HANDLER)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_INT_HANDLER(thr)                           DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_INT_HANDLER)
#define DUK_STRIDX_INT_CALLEE                                         111                            /* '\xffCallee' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_INT_CALLEE(heap)                              DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_INT_CALLEE)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_INT_CALLEE(thr)                            DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_INT_CALLEE)
#define DUK_STRIDX_INT_THREAD                                         112                            /* '\xffThread' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_INT_THREAD(heap)                              DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_INT_THREAD)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_INT_THREAD(thr)                            DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_INT_THREAD)
#define DUK_STRIDX_INT_REGBASE                                        113                            /* '\xffRegbase' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_INT_REGBASE(heap)                             DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_INT_REGBASE)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_INT_REGBASE(thr)                           DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_INT_REGBASE)
#define DUK_STRIDX_INT_TARGET                                         114                            /* '\xffTarget' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_INT_TARGET(heap)                              DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_INT_TARGET)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_INT_TARGET(thr)                            DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_INT_TARGET)
#define DUK_STRIDX_INT_THIS                                           115                            /* '\xffThis' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_INT_THIS(heap)                                DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_INT_THIS)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_INT_THIS(thr)                              DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_INT_THIS)
#define DUK_STRIDX_COMPILE                                            116                            /* 'compile' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_COMPILE(heap)                                 DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_COMPILE)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_COMPILE(thr)                               DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_COMPILE)
#define DUK_STRIDX_INPUT                                              117                            /* 'input' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_INPUT(heap)                                   DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_INPUT)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_INPUT(thr)                                 DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_INPUT)
#define DUK_STRIDX_ERR_CREATE                                         118                            /* 'errCreate' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_ERR_CREATE(heap)                              DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_ERR_CREATE)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_ERR_CREATE(thr)                            DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_ERR_CREATE)
#define DUK_STRIDX_ERR_THROW                                          119                            /* 'errThrow' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_ERR_THROW(heap)                               DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_ERR_THROW)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_ERR_THROW(thr)                             DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_ERR_THROW)
#define DUK_STRIDX_MOD_SEARCH                                         120                            /* 'modSearch' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_MOD_SEARCH(heap)                              DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_MOD_SEARCH)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_MOD_SEARCH(thr)                            DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_MOD_SEARCH)
#define DUK_STRIDX_MOD_LOADED                                         121                            /* 'modLoaded' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_MOD_LOADED(heap)                              DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_MOD_LOADED)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_MOD_LOADED(thr)                            DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_MOD_LOADED)
#define DUK_STRIDX_ENV                                                122                            /* 'env' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_ENV(heap)                                     DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_ENV)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_ENV(thr)                                   DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_ENV)
#define DUK_STRIDX_HEX                                                123                            /* 'hex' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_HEX(heap)                                     DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_HEX)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_HEX(thr)                                   DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_HEX)
#define DUK_STRIDX_BASE64                                             124                            /* 'base64' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_BASE64(heap)                                  DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_BASE64)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_BASE64(thr)                                DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_BASE64)
#define DUK_STRIDX_JX                                                 125                            /* 'jx' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_JX(heap)                                      DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_JX)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_JX(thr)                                    DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_JX)
#define DUK_STRIDX_JC                                                 126                            /* 'jc' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_JC(heap)                                      DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_JC)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_JC(thr)                                    DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_JC)
#define DUK_STRIDX_RESUME                                             127                            /* 'resume' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_RESUME(heap)                                  DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_RESUME)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_RESUME(thr)                                DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_RESUME)
#define DUK_STRIDX_FMT                                                128                            /* 'fmt' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_FMT(heap)                                     DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_FMT)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_FMT(thr)                                   DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_FMT)
#define DUK_STRIDX_RAW                                                129                            /* 'raw' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_RAW(heap)                                     DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_RAW)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_RAW(thr)                                   DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_RAW)
#define DUK_STRIDX_LC_TRACE                                           130                            /* 'trace' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_LC_TRACE(heap)                                DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_LC_TRACE)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_LC_TRACE(thr)                              DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_LC_TRACE)
#define DUK_STRIDX_LC_DEBUG                                           131                            /* 'debug' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_LC_DEBUG(heap)                                DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_LC_DEBUG)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_LC_DEBUG(thr)                              DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_LC_DEBUG)
#define DUK_STRIDX_LC_INFO                                            132                            /* 'info' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_LC_INFO(heap)                                 DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_LC_INFO)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_LC_INFO(thr)                               DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_LC_INFO)
#define DUK_STRIDX_LC_WARN                                            133                            /* 'warn' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_LC_WARN(heap)                                 DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_LC_WARN)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_LC_WARN(thr)                               DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_LC_WARN)
#define DUK_STRIDX_LC_ERROR                                           134                            /* 'error' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_LC_ERROR(heap)                                DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_LC_ERROR)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_LC_ERROR(thr)                              DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_LC_ERROR)
#define DUK_STRIDX_LC_FATAL                                           135                            /* 'fatal' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_LC_FATAL(heap)                                DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_LC_FATAL)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_LC_FATAL(thr)                              DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_LC_FATAL)
#define DUK_STRIDX_LC_N                                               136                            /* 'n' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_LC_N(heap)                                    DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_LC_N)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_LC_N(thr)                                  DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_LC_N)
#define DUK_STRIDX_LC_L                                               137                            /* 'l' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_LC_L(heap)                                    DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_LC_L)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_LC_L(thr)                                  DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_LC_L)
#define DUK_STRIDX_CLOG                                               138                            /* 'clog' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_CLOG(heap)                                    DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_CLOG)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_CLOG(thr)                                  DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_CLOG)
#define DUK_STRIDX_TO_LOG_STRING                                      139                            /* 'toLogString' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_TO_LOG_STRING(heap)                           DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_TO_LOG_STRING)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_TO_LOG_STRING(thr)                         DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_TO_LOG_STRING)
#define DUK_STRIDX_JSON_EXT_UNDEFINED                                 140                            /* '{"_undef":true}' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_JSON_EXT_UNDEFINED(heap)                      DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_JSON_EXT_UNDEFINED)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_JSON_EXT_UNDEFINED(thr)                    DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_JSON_EXT_UNDEFINED)
#define DUK_STRIDX_JSON_EXT_NAN                                       141                            /* '{"_nan":true}' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_JSON_EXT_NAN(heap)                            DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_JSON_EXT_NAN)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_JSON_EXT_NAN(thr)                          DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_JSON_EXT_NAN)
#define DUK_STRIDX_JSON_EXT_POSINF                                    142                            /* '{"_inf":true}' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_JSON_EXT_POSINF(heap)                         DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_JSON_EXT_POSINF)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_JSON_EXT_POSINF(thr)                       DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_JSON_EXT_POSINF)
#define DUK_STRIDX_JSON_EXT_NEGINF                                    143                            /* '{"_ninf":true}' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_JSON_EXT_NEGINF(heap)                         DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_JSON_EXT_NEGINF)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_JSON_EXT_NEGINF(thr)                       DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_JSON_EXT_NEGINF)
#define DUK_STRIDX_JSON_EXT_FUNCTION1                                 144                            /* '{"_func":true}' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_JSON_EXT_FUNCTION1(heap)                      DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_JSON_EXT_FUNCTION1)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_JSON_EXT_FUNCTION1(thr)                    DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_JSON_EXT_FUNCTION1)
#define DUK_STRIDX_JSON_EXT_FUNCTION2                                 145                            /* '{_func:true}' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_JSON_EXT_FUNCTION2(heap)                      DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_JSON_EXT_FUNCTION2)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_JSON_EXT_FUNCTION2(thr)                    DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_JSON_EXT_FUNCTION2)
#define DUK_STRIDX_BREAK                                              146                            /* 'break' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_BREAK(heap)                                   DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_BREAK)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_BREAK(thr)                                 DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_BREAK)
#define DUK_STRIDX_CASE                                               147                            /* 'case' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_CASE(heap)                                    DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_CASE)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_CASE(thr)                                  DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_CASE)
#define DUK_STRIDX_CATCH                                              148                            /* 'catch' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_CATCH(heap)                                   DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_CATCH)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_CATCH(thr)                                 DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_CATCH)
#define DUK_STRIDX_CONTINUE                                           149                            /* 'continue' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_CONTINUE(heap)                                DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_CONTINUE)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_CONTINUE(thr)                              DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_CONTINUE)
#define DUK_STRIDX_DEBUGGER                                           150                            /* 'debugger' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_DEBUGGER(heap)                                DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_DEBUGGER)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_DEBUGGER(thr)                              DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_DEBUGGER)
#define DUK_STRIDX_DEFAULT                                            151                            /* 'default' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_DEFAULT(heap)                                 DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_DEFAULT)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_DEFAULT(thr)                               DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_DEFAULT)
#define DUK_STRIDX_DELETE                                             152                            /* 'delete' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_DELETE(heap)                                  DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_DELETE)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_DELETE(thr)                                DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_DELETE)
#define DUK_STRIDX_DO                                                 153                            /* 'do' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_DO(heap)                                      DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_DO)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_DO(thr)                                    DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_DO)
#define DUK_STRIDX_ELSE                                               154                            /* 'else' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_ELSE(heap)                                    DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_ELSE)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_ELSE(thr)                                  DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_ELSE)
#define DUK_STRIDX_FINALLY                                            155                            /* 'finally' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_FINALLY(heap)                                 DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_FINALLY)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_FINALLY(thr)                               DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_FINALLY)
#define DUK_STRIDX_FOR                                                156                            /* 'for' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_FOR(heap)                                     DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_FOR)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_FOR(thr)                                   DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_FOR)
#define DUK_STRIDX_LC_FUNCTION                                        157                            /* 'function' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_LC_FUNCTION(heap)                             DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_LC_FUNCTION)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_LC_FUNCTION(thr)                           DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_LC_FUNCTION)
#define DUK_STRIDX_IF                                                 158                            /* 'if' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_IF(heap)                                      DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_IF)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_IF(thr)                                    DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_IF)
#define DUK_STRIDX_IN                                                 159                            /* 'in' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_IN(heap)                                      DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_IN)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_IN(thr)                                    DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_IN)
#define DUK_STRIDX_INSTANCEOF                                         160                            /* 'instanceof' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_INSTANCEOF(heap)                              DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_INSTANCEOF)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_INSTANCEOF(thr)                            DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_INSTANCEOF)
#define DUK_STRIDX_NEW                                                161                            /* 'new' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_NEW(heap)                                     DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_NEW)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_NEW(thr)                                   DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_NEW)
#define DUK_STRIDX_RETURN                                             162                            /* 'return' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_RETURN(heap)                                  DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_RETURN)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_RETURN(thr)                                DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_RETURN)
#define DUK_STRIDX_SWITCH                                             163                            /* 'switch' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_SWITCH(heap)                                  DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_SWITCH)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_SWITCH(thr)                                DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_SWITCH)
#define DUK_STRIDX_THIS                                               164                            /* 'this' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_THIS(heap)                                    DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_THIS)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_THIS(thr)                                  DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_THIS)
#define DUK_STRIDX_THROW                                              165                            /* 'throw' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_THROW(heap)                                   DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_THROW)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_THROW(thr)                                 DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_THROW)
#define DUK_STRIDX_TRY                                                166                            /* 'try' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_TRY(heap)                                     DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_TRY)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_TRY(thr)                                   DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_TRY)
#define DUK_STRIDX_TYPEOF                                             167                            /* 'typeof' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_TYPEOF(heap)                                  DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_TYPEOF)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_TYPEOF(thr)                                DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_TYPEOF)
#define DUK_STRIDX_VAR                                                168                            /* 'var' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_VAR(heap)                                     DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_VAR)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_VAR(thr)                                   DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_VAR)
#define DUK_STRIDX_CONST                                              169                            /* 'const' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_CONST(heap)                                   DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_CONST)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_CONST(thr)                                 DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_CONST)
#define DUK_STRIDX_VOID                                               170                            /* 'void' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_VOID(heap)                                    DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_VOID)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_VOID(thr)                                  DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_VOID)
#define DUK_STRIDX_WHILE                                              171                            /* 'while' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_WHILE(heap)                                   DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_WHILE)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_WHILE(thr)                                 DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_WHILE)
#define DUK_STRIDX_WITH                                               172                            /* 'with' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_WITH(heap)                                    DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_WITH)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_WITH(thr)                                  DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_WITH)
#define DUK_STRIDX_CLASS                                              173                            /* 'class' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_CLASS(heap)                                   DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_CLASS)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_CLASS(thr)                                 DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_CLASS)
#define DUK_STRIDX_ENUM                                               174                            /* 'enum' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_ENUM(heap)                                    DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_ENUM)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_ENUM(thr)                                  DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_ENUM)
#define DUK_STRIDX_EXPORT                                             175                            /* 'export' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_EXPORT(heap)                                  DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_EXPORT)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_EXPORT(thr)                                DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_EXPORT)
#define DUK_STRIDX_EXTENDS                                            176                            /* 'extends' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_EXTENDS(heap)                                 DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_EXTENDS)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_EXTENDS(thr)                               DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_EXTENDS)
#define DUK_STRIDX_IMPORT                                             177                            /* 'import' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_IMPORT(heap)                                  DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_IMPORT)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_IMPORT(thr)                                DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_IMPORT)
#define DUK_STRIDX_SUPER                                              178                            /* 'super' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_SUPER(heap)                                   DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_SUPER)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_SUPER(thr)                                 DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_SUPER)
#define DUK_STRIDX_LC_NULL                                            179                            /* 'null' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_LC_NULL(heap)                                 DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_LC_NULL)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_LC_NULL(thr)                               DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_LC_NULL)
#define DUK_STRIDX_TRUE                                               180                            /* 'true' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_TRUE(heap)                                    DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_TRUE)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_TRUE(thr)                                  DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_TRUE)
#define DUK_STRIDX_FALSE                                              181                            /* 'false' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_FALSE(heap)                                   DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_FALSE)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_FALSE(thr)                                 DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_FALSE)
#define DUK_STRIDX_IMPLEMENTS                                         182                            /* 'implements' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_IMPLEMENTS(heap)                              DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_IMPLEMENTS)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_IMPLEMENTS(thr)                            DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_IMPLEMENTS)
#define DUK_STRIDX_INTERFACE                                          183                            /* 'interface' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_INTERFACE(heap)                               DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_INTERFACE)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_INTERFACE(thr)                             DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_INTERFACE)
#define DUK_STRIDX_LET                                                184                            /* 'let' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_LET(heap)                                     DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_LET)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_LET(thr)                                   DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_LET)
#define DUK_STRIDX_PACKAGE                                            185                            /* 'package' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_PACKAGE(heap)                                 DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_PACKAGE)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_PACKAGE(thr)                               DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_PACKAGE)
#define DUK_STRIDX_PRIVATE                                            186                            /* 'private' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_PRIVATE(heap)                                 DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_PRIVATE)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_PRIVATE(thr)                               DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_PRIVATE)
#define DUK_STRIDX_PROTECTED                                          187                            /* 'protected' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_PROTECTED(heap)                               DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_PROTECTED)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_PROTECTED(thr)                             DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_PROTECTED)
#define DUK_STRIDX_PUBLIC                                             188                            /* 'public' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_PUBLIC(heap)                                  DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_PUBLIC)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_PUBLIC(thr)                                DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_PUBLIC)
#define DUK_STRIDX_STATIC                                             189                            /* 'static' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_STATIC(heap)                                  DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_STATIC)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_STATIC(thr)                                DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_STATIC)
#define DUK_STRIDX_YIELD                                              190                            /* 'yield' */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRING_YIELD(heap)                                   DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING((heap),DUK_STRIDX_YIELD)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_YIELD(thr)                                 DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING((thr),DUK_STRIDX_YIELD)

#define DUK_HEAP_NUM_STRINGS                                          191
#define DUK_STRIDX_START_RESERVED                                     146
#define DUK_STRIDX_START_STRICT_RESERVED                              182
#define DUK_STRIDX_END_RESERVED                                       191                            /* exclusive endpoint */

/* To convert a heap stridx to a token number, subtract
 * DUK_STRIDX_START_RESERVED and add DUK_TOK_START_RESERVED.
 */
#if !defined(DUK_SINGLE_FILE)
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const duk_uint8_t duk_strings_data[1049];
#endif  /* !DUK_SINGLE_FILE */
#define DUK_STRDATA_MAX_STRLEN                                        17
#define DUK_STRDATA_DATA_LENGTH                                       1049
#endif  /* DUK_USE_ROM_STRINGS */

#if defined(DUK_USE_ROM_OBJECTS)
#error ROM support not enabled, rerun make_dist.py with --rom-support
#else
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_object_constructor(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_function_constructor(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_function_prototype(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_array_constructor(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_string_constructor(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_boolean_constructor(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_number_constructor(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_date_constructor(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_regexp_constructor(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_error_constructor_shared(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_type_error_thrower(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_proxy_constructor(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_thread_constructor(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_buffer_constructor(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_pointer_constructor(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_logger_constructor(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_arraybuffer_constructor(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_dataview_constructor(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_typedarray_constructor(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_nodejs_buffer_constructor(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_global_object_eval(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_global_object_parse_int(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_global_object_parse_float(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_global_object_is_nan(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_global_object_is_finite(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_global_object_decode_uri(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_global_object_decode_uri_component(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_global_object_encode_uri(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_global_object_encode_uri_component(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_global_object_escape(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_global_object_unescape(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_global_object_print_helper(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_global_object_require(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_object_getprototype_shared(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_object_setprototype_shared(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_object_constructor_get_own_property_descriptor(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_object_constructor_keys_shared(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_object_constructor_create(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_object_constructor_define_property(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_object_constructor_define_properties(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_object_constructor_seal_freeze_shared(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_object_constructor_prevent_extensions(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_object_constructor_is_sealed_frozen_shared(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_object_constructor_is_extensible(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_object_prototype_to_string(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_object_prototype_to_locale_string(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_object_prototype_value_of(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_object_prototype_has_own_property(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_object_prototype_is_prototype_of(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_object_prototype_property_is_enumerable(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_function_prototype_to_string(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_function_prototype_apply(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_function_prototype_call(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_function_prototype_bind(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_array_constructor_is_array(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_array_prototype_to_string(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_array_prototype_join_shared(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_array_prototype_concat(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_array_prototype_pop(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_array_prototype_push(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_array_prototype_reverse(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_array_prototype_shift(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_array_prototype_slice(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_array_prototype_sort(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_array_prototype_splice(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_array_prototype_unshift(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_array_prototype_indexof_shared(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_array_prototype_iter_shared(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_array_prototype_reduce_shared(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_string_constructor_from_char_code(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_string_prototype_to_string(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_string_prototype_char_at(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_string_prototype_char_code_at(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_string_prototype_concat(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_string_prototype_indexof_shared(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_string_prototype_locale_compare(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_string_prototype_match(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_string_prototype_replace(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_string_prototype_search(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_string_prototype_slice(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_string_prototype_split(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_string_prototype_substring(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_string_prototype_caseconv_shared(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_string_prototype_trim(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_string_prototype_substr(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_boolean_prototype_tostring_shared(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_number_prototype_to_string(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_number_prototype_to_locale_string(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_number_prototype_value_of(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_number_prototype_to_fixed(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_number_prototype_to_exponential(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_number_prototype_to_precision(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_date_constructor_parse(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_date_constructor_utc(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_date_constructor_now(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_date_prototype_tostring_shared(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_date_prototype_to_json(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_date_prototype_value_of(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_date_prototype_get_shared(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_date_prototype_get_timezone_offset(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_date_prototype_set_time(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_date_prototype_set_shared(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_regexp_prototype_exec(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_regexp_prototype_test(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_regexp_prototype_to_string(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_error_prototype_stack_getter(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_error_prototype_stack_setter(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_error_prototype_filename_getter(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_error_prototype_filename_setter(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_error_prototype_linenumber_getter(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_error_prototype_linenumber_setter(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_error_prototype_to_string(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_math_object_onearg_shared(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_math_object_twoarg_shared(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_math_object_max(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_math_object_min(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_math_object_random(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_json_object_parse(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_json_object_stringify(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_duktape_object_info(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_duktape_object_act(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_duktape_object_gc(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_duktape_object_fin(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_duktape_object_enc(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_duktape_object_dec(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_duktape_object_compact(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_thread_yield(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_thread_resume(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_thread_current(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_buffer_prototype_tostring_shared(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_pointer_prototype_tostring_shared(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_logger_prototype_fmt(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_logger_prototype_raw(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_logger_prototype_log_shared(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_arraybuffer_isview(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_buffer_slice_shared(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_buffer_readfield(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_buffer_writefield(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_typedarray_set(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_nodejs_buffer_concat(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_nodejs_buffer_is_encoding(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_nodejs_buffer_is_buffer(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_nodejs_buffer_byte_length(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_buffer_compare_shared(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_nodejs_buffer_tostring(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_nodejs_buffer_tojson(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_nodejs_buffer_fill(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_nodejs_buffer_copy(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_bi_nodejs_buffer_write(duk_context *ctx);
#if !defined(DUK_SINGLE_FILE)
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const duk_c_function duk_bi_native_functions[149];
#endif  /* !DUK_SINGLE_FILE */
#if defined(DUK_USE_BUILTIN_INITJS)
#if !defined(DUK_SINGLE_FILE)
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const duk_uint8_t duk_initjs_data[204];
#endif  /* !DUK_SINGLE_FILE */
#define DUK_BUILTIN_INITJS_DATA_LENGTH                                204
#endif  /* DUK_USE_BUILTIN_INITJS */
#define DUK_BIDX_GLOBAL                                               0
#define DUK_BIDX_GLOBAL_ENV                                           1
#define DUK_BIDX_OBJECT_CONSTRUCTOR                                   2
#define DUK_BIDX_OBJECT_PROTOTYPE                                     3
#define DUK_BIDX_FUNCTION_CONSTRUCTOR                                 4
#define DUK_BIDX_FUNCTION_PROTOTYPE                                   5
#define DUK_BIDX_ARRAY_CONSTRUCTOR                                    6
#define DUK_BIDX_ARRAY_PROTOTYPE                                      7
#define DUK_BIDX_STRING_CONSTRUCTOR                                   8
#define DUK_BIDX_STRING_PROTOTYPE                                     9
#define DUK_BIDX_BOOLEAN_CONSTRUCTOR                                  10
#define DUK_BIDX_BOOLEAN_PROTOTYPE                                    11
#define DUK_BIDX_NUMBER_CONSTRUCTOR                                   12
#define DUK_BIDX_NUMBER_PROTOTYPE                                     13
#define DUK_BIDX_DATE_CONSTRUCTOR                                     14
#define DUK_BIDX_DATE_PROTOTYPE                                       15
#define DUK_BIDX_REGEXP_CONSTRUCTOR                                   16
#define DUK_BIDX_REGEXP_PROTOTYPE                                     17
#define DUK_BIDX_ERROR_CONSTRUCTOR                                    18
#define DUK_BIDX_ERROR_PROTOTYPE                                      19
#define DUK_BIDX_EVAL_ERROR_CONSTRUCTOR                               20
#define DUK_BIDX_EVAL_ERROR_PROTOTYPE                                 21
#define DUK_BIDX_RANGE_ERROR_CONSTRUCTOR                              22
#define DUK_BIDX_RANGE_ERROR_PROTOTYPE                                23
#define DUK_BIDX_REFERENCE_ERROR_CONSTRUCTOR                          24
#define DUK_BIDX_REFERENCE_ERROR_PROTOTYPE                            25
#define DUK_BIDX_SYNTAX_ERROR_CONSTRUCTOR                             26
#define DUK_BIDX_SYNTAX_ERROR_PROTOTYPE                               27
#define DUK_BIDX_TYPE_ERROR_CONSTRUCTOR                               28
#define DUK_BIDX_TYPE_ERROR_PROTOTYPE                                 29
#define DUK_BIDX_URI_ERROR_CONSTRUCTOR                                30
#define DUK_BIDX_URI_ERROR_PROTOTYPE                                  31
#define DUK_BIDX_MATH                                                 32
#define DUK_BIDX_JSON                                                 33
#define DUK_BIDX_TYPE_ERROR_THROWER                                   34
#define DUK_BIDX_PROXY_CONSTRUCTOR                                    35
#define DUK_BIDX_DUKTAPE                                              36
#define DUK_BIDX_THREAD_CONSTRUCTOR                                   37
#define DUK_BIDX_THREAD_PROTOTYPE                                     38
#define DUK_BIDX_BUFFER_CONSTRUCTOR                                   39
#define DUK_BIDX_BUFFER_PROTOTYPE                                     40
#define DUK_BIDX_POINTER_CONSTRUCTOR                                  41
#define DUK_BIDX_POINTER_PROTOTYPE                                    42
#define DUK_BIDX_LOGGER_CONSTRUCTOR                                   43
#define DUK_BIDX_LOGGER_PROTOTYPE                                     44
#define DUK_BIDX_DOUBLE_ERROR                                         45
#define DUK_BIDX_ARRAYBUFFER_CONSTRUCTOR                              46
#define DUK_BIDX_ARRAYBUFFER_PROTOTYPE                                47
#define DUK_BIDX_DATAVIEW_CONSTRUCTOR                                 48
#define DUK_BIDX_DATAVIEW_PROTOTYPE                                   49
#define DUK_BIDX_TYPEDARRAY_PROTOTYPE                                 50
#define DUK_BIDX_INT8ARRAY_CONSTRUCTOR                                51
#define DUK_BIDX_INT8ARRAY_PROTOTYPE                                  52
#define DUK_BIDX_UINT8ARRAY_CONSTRUCTOR                               53
#define DUK_BIDX_UINT8ARRAY_PROTOTYPE                                 54
#define DUK_BIDX_UINT8CLAMPEDARRAY_CONSTRUCTOR                        55
#define DUK_BIDX_UINT8CLAMPEDARRAY_PROTOTYPE                          56
#define DUK_BIDX_INT16ARRAY_CONSTRUCTOR                               57
#define DUK_BIDX_INT16ARRAY_PROTOTYPE                                 58
#define DUK_BIDX_UINT16ARRAY_CONSTRUCTOR                              59
#define DUK_BIDX_UINT16ARRAY_PROTOTYPE                                60
#define DUK_BIDX_INT32ARRAY_CONSTRUCTOR                               61
#define DUK_BIDX_INT32ARRAY_PROTOTYPE                                 62
#define DUK_BIDX_UINT32ARRAY_CONSTRUCTOR                              63
#define DUK_BIDX_UINT32ARRAY_PROTOTYPE                                64
#define DUK_BIDX_FLOAT32ARRAY_CONSTRUCTOR                             65
#define DUK_BIDX_FLOAT32ARRAY_PROTOTYPE                               66
#define DUK_BIDX_FLOAT64ARRAY_CONSTRUCTOR                             67
#define DUK_BIDX_FLOAT64ARRAY_PROTOTYPE                               68
#define DUK_BIDX_NODEJS_BUFFER_CONSTRUCTOR                            69
#define DUK_BIDX_NODEJS_BUFFER_PROTOTYPE                              70
#define DUK_NUM_BUILTINS                                              71
#define DUK_NUM_BIDX_BUILTINS                                         71
#define DUK_NUM_ALL_BUILTINS                                          71
#if defined(DUK_USE_DOUBLE_LE)
#if !defined(DUK_SINGLE_FILE)
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const duk_uint8_t duk_builtins_data[3833];
#endif  /* !DUK_SINGLE_FILE */
#define DUK_BUILTINS_DATA_LENGTH                                      3833
#elif defined(DUK_USE_DOUBLE_BE)
#if !defined(DUK_SINGLE_FILE)
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const duk_uint8_t duk_builtins_data[3833];
#endif  /* !DUK_SINGLE_FILE */
#define DUK_BUILTINS_DATA_LENGTH                                      3833
#elif defined(DUK_USE_DOUBLE_ME)
#if !defined(DUK_SINGLE_FILE)
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const duk_uint8_t duk_builtins_data[3833];
#endif  /* !DUK_SINGLE_FILE */
#define DUK_BUILTINS_DATA_LENGTH                                      3833
#else
#error invalid endianness defines
#endif
#endif  /* DUK_USE_ROM_OBJECTS */
#endif  /* DUK_BUILTINS_H_INCLUDED */

/*
 *  Utilities
 */

#ifndef DUK_UTIL_H_INCLUDED
#define DUK_UTIL_H_INCLUDED

#define DUK_UTIL_MIN_HASH_PRIME  17  /* must match genhashsizes.py */

#define DUK_UTIL_GET_HASH_PROBE_STEP(hash)  (duk_util_probe_steps[(hash) & 0x1f])

/*
 *  Endian conversion
 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_INTEGER_LE)
#define DUK_HTON32(x) DUK_BSWAP32((x))
#define DUK_NTOH32(x) DUK_BSWAP32((x))
#define DUK_HTON16(x) DUK_BSWAP16((x))
#define DUK_NTOH16(x) DUK_BSWAP16((x))
#elif defined(DUK_USE_INTEGER_BE)
#define DUK_HTON32(x) (x)
#define DUK_NTOH32(x) (x)
#define DUK_HTON16(x) (x)
#define DUK_NTOH16(x) (x)
#else
#error internal error, endianness defines broken
#endif

/*
 *  Bitstream decoder
 */

struct duk_bitdecoder_ctx {
	const duk_uint8_t *data;
	duk_size_t offset;
	duk_size_t length;
	duk_uint32_t currval;
	duk_small_int_t currbits;
};

/*
 *  Bitstream encoder
 */

struct duk_bitencoder_ctx {
	duk_uint8_t *data;
	duk_size_t offset;
	duk_size_t length;
	duk_uint32_t currval;
	duk_small_int_t currbits;
	duk_small_int_t truncated;
};

/*
 *  Raw write/read macros for big endian, unaligned basic values.
 *  Caller ensures there's enough space.  The macros update the pointer
 *  argument automatically on resizes.  The idiom seems a bit odd, but
 *  leads to compact code.
 */

#define DUK_RAW_WRITE_U8(ptr,val)  do { \
		*(ptr)++ = (duk_uint8_t) (val); \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_RAW_WRITE_U16_BE(ptr,val) duk_raw_write_u16_be(&(ptr), (duk_uint16_t) (val))
#define DUK_RAW_WRITE_U32_BE(ptr,val) duk_raw_write_u32_be(&(ptr), (duk_uint32_t) (val))
#define DUK_RAW_WRITE_DOUBLE_BE(ptr,val) duk_raw_write_double_be(&(ptr), (duk_double_t) (val))
#define DUK_RAW_WRITE_XUTF8(ptr,val)  do { \
		/* 'ptr' is evaluated both as LHS and RHS. */ \
		duk_uint8_t *duk__ptr; \
		duk_small_int_t duk__len; \
		duk__ptr = (duk_uint8_t *) (ptr); \
		duk__len = duk_unicode_encode_xutf8((duk_ucodepoint_t) (val), duk__ptr); \
		duk__ptr += duk__len; \
		(ptr) = duk__ptr; \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_RAW_WRITE_CESU8(ptr,val)  do { \
		/* 'ptr' is evaluated both as LHS and RHS. */ \
		duk_uint8_t *duk__ptr; \
		duk_small_int_t duk__len; \
		duk__ptr = (duk_uint8_t *) (ptr); \
		duk__len = duk_unicode_encode_cesu8((duk_ucodepoint_t) (val), duk__ptr); \
		duk__ptr += duk__len; \
		(ptr) = duk__ptr; \
	} while (0)

#define DUK_RAW_READ_U8(ptr) ((duk_uint8_t) (*(ptr)++))
#define DUK_RAW_READ_U16_BE(ptr) duk_raw_read_u16_be(&(ptr));
#define DUK_RAW_READ_U32_BE(ptr) duk_raw_read_u32_be(&(ptr));
#define DUK_RAW_READ_DOUBLE_BE(ptr) duk_raw_read_double_be(&(ptr));

/*
 *  Buffer writer (dynamic buffer only)
 *
 *  Helper for writing to a dynamic buffer with a concept of a "spare" area
 *  to reduce resizes.  You can ensure there is enough space beforehand and
 *  then write for a while without further checks, relying on a stable data
 *  pointer.  Spare handling is automatic so call sites only indicate how
 *  much data they need right now.
 *
 *  There are several ways to write using bufwriter.  The best approach
 *  depends mainly on how much performance matters over code footprint.
 *  The key issues are (1) ensuring there is space and (2) keeping the
 *  pointers consistent.  Fast code should ensure space for multiple writes
 *  with one ensure call.  Fastest inner loop code can temporarily borrow
 *  the 'p' pointer but must write it back eventually.
 *
 *  Be careful to ensure all macro arguments (other than static pointers like
 *  'thr' and 'bw_ctx') are evaluated exactly once, using temporaries if
 *  necessary (if that's not possible, there should be a note near the macro).
 *  Buffer write arguments often contain arithmetic etc so this is
 *  particularly important here.
 */

/* XXX: Migrate bufwriter and other read/write helpers to its own header? */

struct duk_bufwriter_ctx {
	duk_uint8_t *p;
	duk_uint8_t *p_base;
	duk_uint8_t *p_limit;
	duk_hbuffer_dynamic *buf;
};

#define DUK_BW_SPARE_ADD           64
#define DUK_BW_SPARE_SHIFT         4    /* 2^4 -> 1/16 = 6.25% spare */

/* Initialization and finalization (compaction), converting to other types. */

#define DUK_BW_INIT_PUSHBUF(thr,bw_ctx,sz) do { \
		duk_bw_init_pushbuf((thr), (bw_ctx), (sz)); \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_BW_INIT_WITHBUF(thr,bw_ctx,buf) do { \
		duk_bw_init((thr), (bw_ctx), (buf)); \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_BW_COMPACT(thr,bw_ctx) do { \
		/* Make underlying buffer compact to match DUK_BW_GET_SIZE(). */ \
		duk_bw_compact((thr), (bw_ctx)); \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_BW_PUSH_AS_STRING(thr,bw_ctx) do { \
		duk_push_lstring((duk_context *) (thr), \
		                 (const char *) (bw_ctx)->p_base, \
		                 (duk_size_t) ((bw_ctx)->p - (bw_ctx)->p_base)); \
	} while (0)
/* Pointers may be NULL for a while when 'buf' size is zero and before any
 * ENSURE calls have been made.  Once an ENSURE has been made, the pointers
 * are required to be non-NULL so that it's always valid to use memcpy() and
 * memmove(), even for zero size.
 */
#define DUK_BW_ASSERT_VALID_EXPR(thr,bw_ctx) \
	DUK_ASSERT_EXPR((bw_ctx) != NULL && \
	                (bw_ctx)->buf != NULL && \
			((DUK_HBUFFER_DYNAMIC_GET_SIZE((bw_ctx)->buf) == 0) || \
				((bw_ctx)->p != NULL && \
		                 (bw_ctx)->p_base != NULL && \
		                 (bw_ctx)->p_limit != NULL && \
		                 (bw_ctx)->p_limit >= (bw_ctx)->p_base && \
		                 (bw_ctx)->p >= (bw_ctx)->p_base && \
		                 (bw_ctx)->p <= (bw_ctx)->p_limit)))
#define DUK_BW_ASSERT_VALID(thr,bw_ctx) do { \
		DUK_BW_ASSERT_VALID_EXPR((thr), (bw_ctx)); \
	} while (0)

/* Working with the pointer and current size. */

#define DUK_BW_GET_PTR(thr,bw_ctx) \
	((bw_ctx)->p)
#define DUK_BW_SET_PTR(thr,bw_ctx,ptr) do { \
		(bw_ctx)->p = (ptr); \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_BW_ADD_PTR(thr,bw_ctx,delta) do { \
		(bw_ctx)->p += (delta); \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_BW_GET_BASEPTR(thr,bw_ctx) \
	((bw_ctx)->p_base)
#define DUK_BW_GET_LIMITPTR(thr,bw_ctx) \
	((bw_ctx)->p_limit)
#define DUK_BW_GET_SIZE(thr,bw_ctx) \
	((duk_size_t) ((bw_ctx)->p - (bw_ctx)->p_base))
#define DUK_BW_SET_SIZE(thr,bw_ctx,sz) do { \
		DUK_ASSERT((duk_size_t) (sz) <= (duk_size_t) ((bw_ctx)->p - (bw_ctx)->p_base)); \
		(bw_ctx)->p = (bw_ctx)->p_base + (sz); \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_BW_RESET_SIZE(thr,bw_ctx) do { \
		/* Reset to zero size, keep current limit. */ \
		(bw_ctx)->p = (bw_ctx)->p_base; \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_BW_GET_BUFFER(thr,bw_ctx) \
	((bw_ctx)->buf)

/* Ensuring (reserving) space. */

#define DUK_BW_ENSURE(thr,bw_ctx,sz) do { \
		duk_size_t duk__sz, duk__space; \
		DUK_BW_ASSERT_VALID((thr), (bw_ctx)); \
		duk__sz = (sz); \
		duk__space = (duk_size_t) ((bw_ctx)->p_limit - (bw_ctx)->p); \
		if (duk__space < duk__sz) { \
			(void) duk_bw_resize((thr), (bw_ctx), duk__sz); \
		} \
	} while (0)
/* NOTE: Multiple evaluation of 'ptr' in this macro. */
/* XXX: Rework to use an always-inline function? */
#define DUK_BW_ENSURE_RAW(thr,bw_ctx,sz,ptr) \
	(((duk_size_t) ((bw_ctx)->p_limit - (ptr)) >= (sz)) ? \
	 (ptr) : \
	 ((bw_ctx)->p = (ptr), duk_bw_resize((thr),(bw_ctx),(sz))))
#define DUK_BW_ENSURE_GETPTR(thr,bw_ctx,sz) \
	DUK_BW_ENSURE_RAW((thr), (bw_ctx), (sz), (bw_ctx)->p)
#define DUK_BW_ASSERT_SPACE_EXPR(thr,bw_ctx,sz) \
	(DUK_BW_ASSERT_VALID_EXPR((thr), (bw_ctx)), \
	 DUK_ASSERT_EXPR((duk_size_t) ((bw_ctx)->p_limit - (bw_ctx)->p) >= (duk_size_t) (sz)))
#define DUK_BW_ASSERT_SPACE(thr,bw_ctx,sz) do { \
		DUK_BW_ASSERT_SPACE_EXPR((thr), (bw_ctx), (sz)); \
	} while (0)

/* Miscellaneous. */

#define DUK_BW_SETPTR_AND_COMPACT(thr,bw_ctx,ptr) do { \
		(bw_ctx)->p = (ptr); \
		duk_bw_compact((thr), (bw_ctx)); \
	} while (0)

/* Fast write calls which assume you control the spare beforehand.
 * Multibyte write variants exist and use a temporary write pointer
 * because byte writes alias with anything: with a stored pointer
 * explicit pointer load/stores get generated (e.g. gcc -Os).
 */

#define DUK_BW_WRITE_RAW_U8(thr,bw_ctx,val) do { \
		DUK_BW_ASSERT_SPACE((thr), (bw_ctx), 1); \
		*(bw_ctx)->p++ = (duk_uint8_t) (val); \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_BW_WRITE_RAW_U8_2(thr,bw_ctx,val1,val2) do { \
		duk_uint8_t *duk__p; \
		DUK_BW_ASSERT_SPACE((thr), (bw_ctx), 2); \
		duk__p = (bw_ctx)->p; \
		*duk__p++ = (duk_uint8_t) (val1); \
		*duk__p++ = (duk_uint8_t) (val2); \
		(bw_ctx)->p = duk__p; \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_BW_WRITE_RAW_U8_3(thr,bw_ctx,val1,val2,val3) do { \
		duk_uint8_t *duk__p; \
		DUK_BW_ASSERT_SPACE((thr), (bw_ctx), 3); \
		duk__p = (bw_ctx)->p; \
		*duk__p++ = (duk_uint8_t) (val1); \
		*duk__p++ = (duk_uint8_t) (val2); \
		*duk__p++ = (duk_uint8_t) (val3); \
		(bw_ctx)->p = duk__p; \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_BW_WRITE_RAW_U8_4(thr,bw_ctx,val1,val2,val3,val4) do { \
		duk_uint8_t *duk__p; \
		DUK_BW_ASSERT_SPACE((thr), (bw_ctx), 4); \
		duk__p = (bw_ctx)->p; \
		*duk__p++ = (duk_uint8_t) (val1); \
		*duk__p++ = (duk_uint8_t) (val2); \
		*duk__p++ = (duk_uint8_t) (val3); \
		*duk__p++ = (duk_uint8_t) (val4); \
		(bw_ctx)->p = duk__p; \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_BW_WRITE_RAW_U8_5(thr,bw_ctx,val1,val2,val3,val4,val5) do { \
		duk_uint8_t *duk__p; \
		DUK_BW_ASSERT_SPACE((thr), (bw_ctx), 5); \
		duk__p = (bw_ctx)->p; \
		*duk__p++ = (duk_uint8_t) (val1); \
		*duk__p++ = (duk_uint8_t) (val2); \
		*duk__p++ = (duk_uint8_t) (val3); \
		*duk__p++ = (duk_uint8_t) (val4); \
		*duk__p++ = (duk_uint8_t) (val5); \
		(bw_ctx)->p = duk__p; \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_BW_WRITE_RAW_U8_6(thr,bw_ctx,val1,val2,val3,val4,val5,val6) do { \
		duk_uint8_t *duk__p; \
		DUK_BW_ASSERT_SPACE((thr), (bw_ctx), 6); \
		duk__p = (bw_ctx)->p; \
		*duk__p++ = (duk_uint8_t) (val1); \
		*duk__p++ = (duk_uint8_t) (val2); \
		*duk__p++ = (duk_uint8_t) (val3); \
		*duk__p++ = (duk_uint8_t) (val4); \
		*duk__p++ = (duk_uint8_t) (val5); \
		*duk__p++ = (duk_uint8_t) (val6); \
		(bw_ctx)->p = duk__p; \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_BW_WRITE_RAW_XUTF8(thr,bw_ctx,cp) do { \
		duk_ucodepoint_t duk__cp; \
		duk_small_int_t duk__enc_len; \
		duk__cp = (cp); \
		DUK_BW_ASSERT_SPACE((thr), (bw_ctx), duk_unicode_get_xutf8_length(duk__cp)); \
		duk__enc_len = duk_unicode_encode_xutf8(duk__cp, (bw_ctx)->p); \
		(bw_ctx)->p += duk__enc_len; \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_BW_WRITE_RAW_CESU8(thr,bw_ctx,cp) do { \
		duk_ucodepoint_t duk__cp; \
		duk_small_int_t duk__enc_len; \
		duk__cp = (duk_ucodepoint_t) (cp); \
		DUK_BW_ASSERT_SPACE((thr), (bw_ctx), duk_unicode_get_cesu8_length(duk__cp)); \
		duk__enc_len = duk_unicode_encode_cesu8(duk__cp, (bw_ctx)->p); \
		(bw_ctx)->p += duk__enc_len; \
	} while (0)
/* XXX: add temporary duk__p pointer here too; sharing */
#define DUK_BW_WRITE_RAW_BYTES(thr,bw_ctx,valptr,valsz) do { \
		const void *duk__valptr; \
		duk_size_t duk__valsz; \
		duk__valptr = (const void *) (valptr); \
		duk__valsz = (duk_size_t) (valsz); \
		DUK_MEMCPY((void *) ((bw_ctx)->p), duk__valptr, duk__valsz); \
		(bw_ctx)->p += duk__valsz; \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_BW_WRITE_RAW_CSTRING(thr,bw_ctx,val) do { \
		const duk_uint8_t *duk__val; \
		duk_size_t duk__val_len; \
		duk__val = (const duk_uint8_t *) (val); \
		duk__val_len = DUK_STRLEN((const char *) duk__val); \
		DUK_MEMCPY((void *) ((bw_ctx)->p), (const void *) duk__val, duk__val_len); \
		(bw_ctx)->p += duk__val_len; \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_BW_WRITE_RAW_HSTRING(thr,bw_ctx,val) do { \
		duk_size_t duk__val_len; \
		duk__val_len = DUK_HSTRING_GET_BYTELEN((val)); \
		DUK_MEMCPY((void *) ((bw_ctx)->p), (const void *) DUK_HSTRING_GET_DATA((val)), duk__val_len); \
		(bw_ctx)->p += duk__val_len; \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_BW_WRITE_RAW_HBUFFER(thr,bw_ctx,val) do { \
		duk_size_t duk__val_len; \
		duk__val_len = DUK_HBUFFER_GET_SIZE((val)); \
		DUK_MEMCPY((void *) ((bw_ctx)->p), (const void *) DUK_HBUFFER_GET_DATA_PTR((thr)->heap, (val)), duk__val_len); \
		(bw_ctx)->p += duk__val_len; \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_BW_WRITE_RAW_HBUFFER_FIXED(thr,bw_ctx,val) do { \
		duk_size_t duk__val_len; \
		duk__val_len = DUK_HBUFFER_FIXED_GET_SIZE((val)); \
		DUK_MEMCPY((void *) ((bw_ctx)->p), (const void *) DUK_HBUFFER_FIXED_GET_DATA_PTR((thr)->heap, (val)), duk__val_len); \
		(bw_ctx)->p += duk__val_len; \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_BW_WRITE_RAW_HBUFFER_DYNAMIC(thr,bw_ctx,val) do { \
		duk_size_t duk__val_len; \
		duk__val_len = DUK_HBUFFER_DYNAMIC_GET_SIZE((val)); \
		DUK_MEMCPY((void *) ((bw_ctx)->p), (const void *) DUK_HBUFFER_DYNAMIC_GET_DATA_PTR((thr)->heap, (val)), duk__val_len); \
		(bw_ctx)->p += duk__val_len; \
	} while (0)

/* Append bytes from a slice already in the buffer. */
#define DUK_BW_WRITE_RAW_SLICE(thr,bw,dst_off,dst_len) \
	duk_bw_write_raw_slice((thr), (bw), (dst_off), (dst_len))

/* Insert bytes in the middle of the buffer from an external buffer. */
#define DUK_BW_INSERT_RAW_BYTES(thr,bw,dst_off,buf,len) \
	duk_bw_insert_raw_bytes((thr), (bw), (dst_off), (buf), (len))

/* Insert bytes in the middle of the buffer from a slice already
 * in the buffer.  Source offset is interpreted "before" the operation.
 */
#define DUK_BW_INSERT_RAW_SLICE(thr,bw,dst_off,src_off,len) \
	duk_bw_insert_raw_slice((thr), (bw), (dst_off), (src_off), (len))

/* Insert a reserved area somewhere in the buffer; caller fills it.
 * Evaluates to a (duk_uint_t *) pointing to the start of the reserved
 * area for convenience.
 */
#define DUK_BW_INSERT_RAW_AREA(thr,bw,off,len) \
	duk_bw_insert_raw_area((thr), (bw), (off), (len))

/* Remove a slice from inside buffer. */
#define DUK_BW_REMOVE_RAW_SLICE(thr,bw,off,len) \
	duk_bw_remove_raw_slice((thr), (bw), (off), (len))

/* Safe write calls which will ensure space first. */

#define DUK_BW_WRITE_ENSURE_U8(thr,bw_ctx,val) do { \
		DUK_BW_ENSURE((thr), (bw_ctx), 1); \
		DUK_BW_WRITE_RAW_U8((thr), (bw_ctx), (val)); \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_BW_WRITE_ENSURE_U8_2(thr,bw_ctx,val1,val2) do { \
		DUK_BW_ENSURE((thr), (bw_ctx), 2); \
		DUK_BW_WRITE_RAW_U8_2((thr), (bw_ctx), (val1), (val2)); \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_BW_WRITE_ENSURE_U8_3(thr,bw_ctx,val1,val2,val3) do { \
		DUK_BW_ENSURE((thr), (bw_ctx), 3); \
		DUK_BW_WRITE_RAW_U8_3((thr), (bw_ctx), (val1), (val2), (val3)); \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_BW_WRITE_ENSURE_U8_4(thr,bw_ctx,val1,val2,val3,val4) do { \
		DUK_BW_ENSURE((thr), (bw_ctx), 4); \
		DUK_BW_WRITE_RAW_U8_4((thr), (bw_ctx), (val1), (val2), (val3), (val4)); \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_BW_WRITE_ENSURE_U8_5(thr,bw_ctx,val1,val2,val3,val4,val5) do { \
		DUK_BW_ENSURE((thr), (bw_ctx), 5); \
		DUK_BW_WRITE_RAW_U8_5((thr), (bw_ctx), (val1), (val2), (val3), (val4), (val5)); \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_BW_WRITE_ENSURE_U8_6(thr,bw_ctx,val1,val2,val3,val4,val5,val6) do { \
		DUK_BW_ENSURE((thr), (bw_ctx), 6); \
		DUK_BW_WRITE_RAW_U8_6((thr), (bw_ctx), (val1), (val2), (val3), (val4), (val5), (val6)); \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_BW_WRITE_ENSURE_XUTF8(thr,bw_ctx,cp) do { \
		DUK_BW_ENSURE((thr), (bw_ctx), DUK_UNICODE_MAX_XUTF8_LENGTH); \
		DUK_BW_WRITE_RAW_XUTF8((thr), (bw_ctx), (cp)); \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_BW_WRITE_ENSURE_CESU8(thr,bw_ctx,cp) do { \
		DUK_BW_ENSURE((thr), (bw_ctx), DUK_UNICODE_MAX_CESU8_LENGTH); \
		DUK_BW_WRITE_RAW_CESU8((thr), (bw_ctx), (cp)); \
	} while (0)
/* XXX: add temporary duk__p pointer here too; sharing */
#define DUK_BW_WRITE_ENSURE_BYTES(thr,bw_ctx,valptr,valsz) do { \
		const void *duk__valptr; \
		duk_size_t duk__valsz; \
		duk__valptr = (const void *) (valptr); \
		duk__valsz = (duk_size_t) (valsz); \
		DUK_BW_ENSURE((thr), (bw_ctx), duk__valsz); \
		DUK_MEMCPY((void *) ((bw_ctx)->p), duk__valptr, duk__valsz); \
		(bw_ctx)->p += duk__valsz; \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_BW_WRITE_ENSURE_CSTRING(thr,bw_ctx,val) do { \
		const duk_uint8_t *duk__val; \
		duk_size_t duk__val_len; \
		duk__val = (const duk_uint8_t *) (val); \
		duk__val_len = DUK_STRLEN((const char *) duk__val); \
		DUK_BW_ENSURE((thr), (bw_ctx), duk__val_len); \
		DUK_MEMCPY((void *) ((bw_ctx)->p), (const void *) duk__val, duk__val_len); \
		(bw_ctx)->p += duk__val_len; \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_BW_WRITE_ENSURE_HSTRING(thr,bw_ctx,val) do { \
		duk_size_t duk__val_len; \
		duk__val_len = DUK_HSTRING_GET_BYTELEN((val)); \
		DUK_BW_ENSURE((thr), (bw_ctx), duk__val_len); \
		DUK_MEMCPY((void *) ((bw_ctx)->p), (const void *) DUK_HSTRING_GET_DATA((val)), duk__val_len); \
		(bw_ctx)->p += duk__val_len; \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_BW_WRITE_ENSURE_HBUFFER(thr,bw_ctx,val) do { \
		duk_size_t duk__val_len; \
		duk__val_len = DUK_HBUFFER_GET_SIZE((val)); \
		DUK_BW_ENSURE((thr), (bw_ctx), duk__val_len); \
		DUK_MEMCPY((void *) ((bw_ctx)->p), (const void *) DUK_HBUFFER_GET_DATA_PTR((thr)->heap, (val)), duk__val_len); \
		(bw_ctx)->p += duk__val_len; \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_BW_WRITE_ENSURE_HBUFFER_FIXED(thr,bw_ctx,val) do { \
		duk_size_t duk__val_len; \
		duk__val_len = DUK_HBUFFER_FIXED_GET_SIZE((val)); \
		DUK_BW_ENSURE((thr), (bw_ctx), duk__val_len); \
		DUK_MEMCPY((void *) ((bw_ctx)->p), (const void *) DUK_HBUFFER_FIXED_GET_DATA_PTR((thr)->heap, (val)), duk__val_len); \
		(bw_ctx)->p += duk__val_len; \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_BW_WRITE_ENSURE_HBUFFER_DYNAMIC(thr,bw_ctx,val) do { \
		duk_size_t duk__val_len; \
		duk__val_len = DUK_HBUFFER_DYNAMIC_GET_SIZE((val)); \
		DUK_BW_ENSURE((thr), (bw_ctx), duk__val_len); \
		DUK_MEMCPY((void *) ((bw_ctx)->p), (const void *) DUK_HBUFFER_DYNAMIC_GET_DATA_PTR((thr)->heap, (val)), duk__val_len); \
		(bw_ctx)->p += duk__val_len; \
	} while (0)

#define DUK_BW_WRITE_ENSURE_SLICE(thr,bw,dst_off,dst_len) \
	duk_bw_write_ensure_slice((thr), (bw), (dst_off), (dst_len))
#define DUK_BW_INSERT_ENSURE_BYTES(thr,bw,dst_off,buf,len) \
	duk_bw_insert_ensure_bytes((thr), (bw), (dst_off), (buf), (len))
#define DUK_BW_INSERT_ENSURE_SLICE(thr,bw,dst_off,src_off,len) \
	duk_bw_insert_ensure_slice((thr), (bw), (dst_off), (src_off), (len))
#define DUK_BW_INSERT_ENSURE_AREA(thr,bw,off,len) \
	/* Evaluates to (duk_uint8_t *) pointing to start of area. */ \
	duk_bw_insert_ensure_area((thr), (bw), (off), (len))
#define DUK_BW_REMOVE_ENSURE_SLICE(thr,bw,off,len) \
	/* No difference between raw/ensure because the buffer shrinks. */ \
	DUK_BW_REMOVE_RAW_SLICE((thr), (bw), (off), (len))

/*
 *  Externs and prototypes
 */

#if !defined(DUK_SINGLE_FILE)
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const duk_uint8_t duk_lc_digits[36];
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const duk_uint8_t duk_uc_nybbles[16];
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const duk_int8_t duk_hex_dectab[256];
#if defined(DUK_USE_HEX_FASTPATH)
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const duk_int16_t duk_hex_dectab_shift4[256];
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const duk_uint16_t duk_hex_enctab[256];
#endif
#if defined(DUK_USE_BASE64_FASTPATH)
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const duk_uint8_t duk_base64_enctab[64];
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const duk_int8_t duk_base64_dectab[256];
#endif
#endif  /* !DUK_SINGLE_FILE */

/* Note: assumes that duk_util_probe_steps size is 32 */
#if defined(DUK_USE_HOBJECT_HASH_PART) || defined(DUK_USE_STRTAB_PROBE)
#if !defined(DUK_SINGLE_FILE)
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_uint8_t duk_util_probe_steps[32];
#endif  /* !DUK_SINGLE_FILE */
#endif

#if defined(DUK_USE_STRHASH_DENSE)
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_uint32_t duk_util_hashbytes(const duk_uint8_t *data, duk_size_t len, duk_uint32_t seed);
#endif

#if defined(DUK_USE_HOBJECT_HASH_PART) || defined(DUK_USE_STRTAB_PROBE)
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_uint32_t duk_util_get_hash_prime(duk_uint32_t size);
#endif

DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_int32_t duk_bd_decode(duk_bitdecoder_ctx *ctx, duk_small_int_t bits);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_small_int_t duk_bd_decode_flag(duk_bitdecoder_ctx *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_int32_t duk_bd_decode_flagged(duk_bitdecoder_ctx *ctx, duk_small_int_t bits, duk_int32_t def_value);

DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_be_encode(duk_bitencoder_ctx *ctx, duk_uint32_t data, duk_small_int_t bits);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_be_finish(duk_bitencoder_ctx *ctx);

DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_uint32_t duk_util_tinyrandom_get_bits(duk_hthread *thr, duk_small_int_t n);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_double_t duk_util_tinyrandom_get_double(duk_hthread *thr);

DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_bw_init(duk_hthread *thr, duk_bufwriter_ctx *bw_ctx, duk_hbuffer_dynamic *h_buf);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_bw_init_pushbuf(duk_hthread *thr, duk_bufwriter_ctx *bw_ctx, duk_size_t buf_size);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_uint8_t *duk_bw_resize(duk_hthread *thr, duk_bufwriter_ctx *bw_ctx, duk_size_t sz);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_bw_compact(duk_hthread *thr, duk_bufwriter_ctx *bw_ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_bw_write_raw_slice(duk_hthread *thr, duk_bufwriter_ctx *bw, duk_size_t src_off, duk_size_t len);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_bw_write_ensure_slice(duk_hthread *thr, duk_bufwriter_ctx *bw, duk_size_t src_off, duk_size_t len);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_bw_insert_raw_bytes(duk_hthread *thr, duk_bufwriter_ctx *bw, duk_size_t dst_off, const duk_uint8_t *buf, duk_size_t len);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_bw_insert_ensure_bytes(duk_hthread *thr, duk_bufwriter_ctx *bw, duk_size_t dst_off, const duk_uint8_t *buf, duk_size_t len);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_bw_insert_raw_slice(duk_hthread *thr, duk_bufwriter_ctx *bw, duk_size_t dst_off, duk_size_t src_off, duk_size_t len);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_bw_insert_ensure_slice(duk_hthread *thr, duk_bufwriter_ctx *bw, duk_size_t dst_off, duk_size_t src_off, duk_size_t len);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_uint8_t *duk_bw_insert_raw_area(duk_hthread *thr, duk_bufwriter_ctx *bw, duk_size_t off, duk_size_t len);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_uint8_t *duk_bw_insert_ensure_area(duk_hthread *thr, duk_bufwriter_ctx *bw, duk_size_t off, duk_size_t len);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_bw_remove_raw_slice(duk_hthread *thr, duk_bufwriter_ctx *bw, duk_size_t off, duk_size_t len);
/* No duk_bw_remove_ensure_slice(), functionality would be identical. */

DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_uint16_t duk_raw_read_u16_be(duk_uint8_t **p);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_uint32_t duk_raw_read_u32_be(duk_uint8_t **p);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_double_t duk_raw_read_double_be(duk_uint8_t **p);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_raw_write_u16_be(duk_uint8_t **p, duk_uint16_t val);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_raw_write_u32_be(duk_uint8_t **p, duk_uint32_t val);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_raw_write_double_be(duk_uint8_t **p, duk_double_t val);

#if defined(DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_SUPPORT)  /* For now only needed by the debugger. */
DUK_INTERNAL void duk_byteswap_bytes(duk_uint8_t *p, duk_small_uint_t len);
#endif

#endif  /* DUK_UTIL_H_INCLUDED */
/*
 *  Shared error messages: declarations and macros
 *
 *  Error messages are accessed through macros with fine-grained, explicit
 *  error message distinctions.  Concrete error messages are selected by the
 *  macros and multiple macros can map to the same concrete string to save
 *  on code footprint.  This allows flexible footprint/verbosity tuning with
 *  minimal code impact.  There are a few limitations to this approach:
 *  (1) switching between plain messages and format strings doesn't work
 *  conveniently, and (2) conditional strings are a bit awkward to handle.
 *
 *  Because format strings behave differently in the call site (they need to
 *  be followed by format arguments), they have a special prefix (DUK_STR_FMT_
 *  and duk_str_fmt_).
 *
 *  On some compilers using explicit shared strings is preferable; on others
 *  it may be better to use straight literals because the compiler will combine
 *  them anyway, and such strings won't end up unnecessarily in a symbol table.
 */

#ifndef DUK_ERRMSG_H_INCLUDED
#define DUK_ERRMSG_H_INCLUDED

#define DUK_STR_INTERNAL_ERROR duk_str_internal_error
#define DUK_STR_INVALID_COUNT duk_str_invalid_count
#define DUK_STR_INVALID_CALL_ARGS duk_str_invalid_call_args
#define DUK_STR_NOT_CONSTRUCTABLE duk_str_not_constructable
#define DUK_STR_NOT_CALLABLE duk_str_not_callable
#define DUK_STR_NOT_EXTENSIBLE duk_str_not_extensible
#define DUK_STR_NOT_WRITABLE duk_str_not_writable
#define DUK_STR_NOT_CONFIGURABLE duk_str_not_configurable

#if !defined(DUK_SINGLE_FILE)
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_internal_error;
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_invalid_count;
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_invalid_call_args;
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_not_constructable;
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_not_callable;
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_not_extensible;
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_not_writable;
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_not_configurable;
#endif  /* !DUK_SINGLE_FILE */

#define DUK_STR_INVALID_CONTEXT duk_str_invalid_context
#define DUK_STR_INVALID_INDEX duk_str_invalid_call_args
#define DUK_STR_PUSH_BEYOND_ALLOC_STACK duk_str_push_beyond_alloc_stack
#define DUK_STR_NOT_UNDEFINED duk_str_unexpected_type
#define DUK_STR_NOT_NULL duk_str_unexpected_type
#define DUK_STR_NOT_BOOLEAN duk_str_unexpected_type
#define DUK_STR_NOT_NUMBER duk_str_unexpected_type
#define DUK_STR_NOT_STRING duk_str_unexpected_type
#define DUK_STR_NOT_OBJECT duk_str_unexpected_type
#define DUK_STR_NOT_POINTER duk_str_unexpected_type
#define DUK_STR_NOT_BUFFER duk_str_not_buffer  /* still in use with verbose messages */
#define DUK_STR_UNEXPECTED_TYPE duk_str_unexpected_type
#define DUK_STR_NOT_THREAD duk_str_unexpected_type
#define DUK_STR_NOT_COMPILEDFUNCTION duk_str_unexpected_type
#define DUK_STR_NOT_NATIVEFUNCTION duk_str_unexpected_type
#define DUK_STR_NOT_C_FUNCTION duk_str_unexpected_type
#define DUK_STR_NOT_FUNCTION duk_str_unexpected_type
#define DUK_STR_NOT_REGEXP duk_str_unexpected_type
#define DUK_STR_DEFAULTVALUE_COERCE_FAILED duk_str_defaultvalue_coerce_failed
#define DUK_STR_NUMBER_OUTSIDE_RANGE duk_str_number_outside_range
#define DUK_STR_NOT_OBJECT_COERCIBLE duk_str_not_object_coercible
#define DUK_STR_STRING_TOO_LONG duk_str_string_too_long
#define DUK_STR_BUFFER_TOO_LONG duk_str_buffer_too_long
#define DUK_STR_SPRINTF_TOO_LONG duk_str_sprintf_too_long
#define DUK_STR_ALLOC_FAILED duk_str_alloc_failed
#define DUK_STR_POP_TOO_MANY duk_str_pop_too_many
#define DUK_STR_WRONG_BUFFER_TYPE duk_str_wrong_buffer_type
#define DUK_STR_ENCODE_FAILED duk_str_encode_failed
#define DUK_STR_DECODE_FAILED duk_str_decode_failed
#define DUK_STR_NO_SOURCECODE duk_str_no_sourcecode
#define DUK_STR_CONCAT_RESULT_TOO_LONG duk_str_concat_result_too_long
#define DUK_STR_UNIMPLEMENTED duk_str_unimplemented
#define DUK_STR_UNSUPPORTED duk_str_unsupported
#define DUK_STR_ARRAY_LENGTH_OVER_2G duk_str_array_length_over_2g

#if !defined(DUK_SINGLE_FILE)
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_invalid_context;
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_push_beyond_alloc_stack;
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_not_buffer;
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_unexpected_type;
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_defaultvalue_coerce_failed;
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_number_outside_range;
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_not_object_coercible;
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_string_too_long;
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_buffer_too_long;
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_sprintf_too_long;
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_alloc_failed;
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_pop_too_many;
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_wrong_buffer_type;
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_encode_failed;
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_decode_failed;
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_no_sourcecode;
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_concat_result_too_long;
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_unimplemented;
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_unsupported;
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_array_length_over_2g;
#endif  /* !DUK_SINGLE_FILE */

#define DUK_STR_FMT_PTR duk_str_fmt_ptr
#define DUK_STR_FMT_INVALID_JSON duk_str_fmt_invalid_json
#define DUK_STR_JSONDEC_RECLIMIT duk_str_jsondec_reclimit
#define DUK_STR_JSONENC_RECLIMIT duk_str_jsonenc_reclimit
#define DUK_STR_CYCLIC_INPUT duk_str_cyclic_input

#if !defined(DUK_SINGLE_FILE)
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_fmt_ptr;
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_fmt_invalid_json;
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_jsondec_reclimit;
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_jsonenc_reclimit;
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_cyclic_input;
#endif  /* !DUK_SINGLE_FILE */

#define DUK_STR_PROXY_REVOKED duk_str_proxy_revoked
#define DUK_STR_INVALID_BASE duk_str_invalid_base
#define DUK_STR_STRICT_CALLER_READ duk_str_strict_caller_read
#define DUK_STR_PROXY_REJECTED duk_str_proxy_rejected
#define DUK_STR_INVALID_ARRAY_LENGTH duk_str_invalid_array_length
#define DUK_STR_ARRAY_LENGTH_WRITE_FAILED duk_str_array_length_write_failed
#define DUK_STR_ARRAY_LENGTH_NOT_WRITABLE duk_str_array_length_not_writable
#define DUK_STR_SETTER_UNDEFINED duk_str_setter_undefined
#define DUK_STR_REDEFINE_VIRT_PROP duk_str_redefine_virt_prop
#define DUK_STR_INVALID_DESCRIPTOR duk_str_invalid_descriptor
#define DUK_STR_PROPERTY_IS_VIRTUAL duk_str_property_is_virtual

#if !defined(DUK_SINGLE_FILE)
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_proxy_revoked;
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_invalid_base;
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_strict_caller_read;
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_proxy_rejected;
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_invalid_array_length;
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_array_length_write_failed;
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_array_length_not_writable;
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_setter_undefined;
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_redefine_virt_prop;
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_invalid_descriptor;
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_property_is_virtual;
#endif  /* !DUK_SINGLE_FILE */

#define DUK_STR_PARSE_ERROR duk_str_parse_error
#define DUK_STR_DUPLICATE_LABEL duk_str_duplicate_label
#define DUK_STR_INVALID_LABEL duk_str_invalid_label
#define DUK_STR_INVALID_ARRAY_LITERAL duk_str_invalid_array_literal
#define DUK_STR_INVALID_OBJECT_LITERAL duk_str_invalid_object_literal
#define DUK_STR_INVALID_VAR_DECLARATION duk_str_invalid_var_declaration
#define DUK_STR_CANNOT_DELETE_IDENTIFIER duk_str_cannot_delete_identifier
#define DUK_STR_INVALID_EXPRESSION duk_str_invalid_expression
#define DUK_STR_INVALID_LVALUE duk_str_invalid_lvalue
#define DUK_STR_EXPECTED_IDENTIFIER duk_str_expected_identifier
#define DUK_STR_EMPTY_EXPR_NOT_ALLOWED duk_str_empty_expr_not_allowed
#define DUK_STR_INVALID_FOR duk_str_invalid_for
#define DUK_STR_INVALID_SWITCH duk_str_invalid_switch
#define DUK_STR_INVALID_BREAK_CONT_LABEL duk_str_invalid_break_cont_label
#define DUK_STR_INVALID_RETURN duk_str_invalid_return
#define DUK_STR_INVALID_TRY duk_str_invalid_try
#define DUK_STR_INVALID_THROW duk_str_invalid_throw
#define DUK_STR_WITH_IN_STRICT_MODE duk_str_with_in_strict_mode
#define DUK_STR_FUNC_STMT_NOT_ALLOWED duk_str_func_stmt_not_allowed
#define DUK_STR_UNTERMINATED_STMT duk_str_unterminated_stmt
#define DUK_STR_INVALID_ARG_NAME duk_str_invalid_arg_name
#define DUK_STR_INVALID_FUNC_NAME duk_str_invalid_func_name
#define DUK_STR_INVALID_GETSET_NAME duk_str_invalid_getset_name
#define DUK_STR_FUNC_NAME_REQUIRED duk_str_func_name_required

#if !defined(DUK_SINGLE_FILE)
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_parse_error;
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_duplicate_label;
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_invalid_label;
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_invalid_array_literal;
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_invalid_object_literal;
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_invalid_var_declaration;
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_cannot_delete_identifier;
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_invalid_expression;
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_invalid_lvalue;
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_expected_identifier;
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_empty_expr_not_allowed;
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_invalid_for;
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_invalid_switch;
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_invalid_break_cont_label;
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_invalid_return;
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_invalid_try;
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_invalid_throw;
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_with_in_strict_mode;
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_func_stmt_not_allowed;
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_unterminated_stmt;
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_invalid_arg_name;
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_invalid_func_name;
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_invalid_getset_name;
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_func_name_required;
#endif  /* !DUK_SINGLE_FILE */

#define DUK_STR_INVALID_QUANTIFIER_NO_ATOM duk_str_invalid_quantifier_no_atom
#define DUK_STR_INVALID_QUANTIFIER_VALUES duk_str_invalid_quantifier_values
#define DUK_STR_QUANTIFIER_TOO_MANY_COPIES duk_str_quantifier_too_many_copies
#define DUK_STR_UNEXPECTED_CLOSING_PAREN duk_str_unexpected_closing_paren
#define DUK_STR_UNEXPECTED_END_OF_PATTERN duk_str_unexpected_end_of_pattern
#define DUK_STR_UNEXPECTED_REGEXP_TOKEN duk_str_unexpected_regexp_token
#define DUK_STR_INVALID_REGEXP_FLAGS duk_str_invalid_regexp_flags
#define DUK_STR_INVALID_BACKREFS duk_str_invalid_backrefs

#if !defined(DUK_SINGLE_FILE)
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_invalid_quantifier_no_atom;
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_invalid_quantifier_values;
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_quantifier_too_many_copies;
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_unexpected_closing_paren;
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_unexpected_end_of_pattern;
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_unexpected_regexp_token;
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_invalid_regexp_flags;
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_invalid_backrefs;
#endif  /* !DUK_SINGLE_FILE */

#define DUK_STR_VALSTACK_LIMIT duk_str_valstack_limit
#define DUK_STR_CALLSTACK_LIMIT duk_str_callstack_limit
#define DUK_STR_CATCHSTACK_LIMIT duk_str_catchstack_limit
#define DUK_STR_PROTOTYPE_CHAIN_LIMIT duk_str_prototype_chain_limit
#define DUK_STR_BOUND_CHAIN_LIMIT duk_str_bound_chain_limit
#define DUK_STR_C_CALLSTACK_LIMIT duk_str_c_callstack_limit
#define DUK_STR_COMPILER_RECURSION_LIMIT duk_str_compiler_recursion_limit
#define DUK_STR_BYTECODE_LIMIT duk_str_bytecode_limit
#define DUK_STR_REG_LIMIT duk_str_reg_limit
#define DUK_STR_TEMP_LIMIT duk_str_temp_limit
#define DUK_STR_CONST_LIMIT duk_str_const_limit
#define DUK_STR_FUNC_LIMIT duk_str_func_limit
#define DUK_STR_REGEXP_COMPILER_RECURSION_LIMIT duk_str_regexp_compiler_recursion_limit
#define DUK_STR_REGEXP_EXECUTOR_RECURSION_LIMIT duk_str_regexp_executor_recursion_limit
#define DUK_STR_REGEXP_EXECUTOR_STEP_LIMIT duk_str_regexp_executor_step_limit

#if !defined(DUK_SINGLE_FILE)
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_valstack_limit;
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_callstack_limit;
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_catchstack_limit;
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_prototype_chain_limit;
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_bound_chain_limit;
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_c_callstack_limit;
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_compiler_recursion_limit;
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_bytecode_limit;
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_reg_limit;
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_temp_limit;
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_const_limit;
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_func_limit;
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_regexp_compiler_recursion_limit;
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_regexp_executor_recursion_limit;
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_regexp_executor_step_limit;
#endif  /* !DUK_SINGLE_FILE */

#if !defined(DUK_SINGLE_FILE)
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_str_anon;
#endif  /* !DUK_SINGLE_FILE */

#endif  /* DUK_ERRMSG_H_INCLUDED */
/*
 *  Ecmascript bytecode
 */

#ifndef DUK_JS_BYTECODE_H_INCLUDED
#define DUK_JS_BYTECODE_H_INCLUDED

/*
 *  Logical instruction layout
 *  ==========================
 *
 *  !3!3!2!2!2!2!2!2!2!2!2!2!1!1!1!1!1!1!1!1!1!1! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
 *  !1!0!9!8!7!6!5!4!3!2!1!0!9!8!7!6!5!4!3!2!1!0!9!8!7!6!5!4!3!2!1!0!
 *  +---------------------------------------------------+-----------+
 *  !       C         !       B         !      A        !    OP     !
 *  +---------------------------------------------------+-----------+
 *
 *  OP (6 bits):  opcode (DUK_OP_*), access should be fastest
 *  A (8 bits):   typically a target register number
 *  B (9 bits):   typically first source register/constant number
 *  C (9 bits):   typically second source register/constant number
 *
 *  Some instructions combine BC or ABC together for larger parameter values.
 *  Signed integers (e.g. jump offsets) are encoded as unsigned, with an opcode
 *  specific bias.  B and C may denote a register or a constant, see
 *  DUK_BC_ISREG() and DUK_BC_ISCONST().
 *
 *  Note: macro naming is a bit misleading, e.g. "ABC" in macro name but
 *  the field layout is logically "CBA".
 */

typedef duk_uint32_t duk_instr_t;

#define DUK_DEC_OP(x)               ((x) & 0x3fUL)
#define DUK_DEC_A(x)                (((x) >> 6) & 0xffUL)
#define DUK_DEC_B(x)                (((x) >> 14) & 0x1ffUL)
#define DUK_DEC_C(x)                (((x) >> 23) & 0x1ffUL)
#define DUK_DEC_BC(x)               (((x) >> 14) & 0x3ffffUL)
#define DUK_DEC_ABC(x)              (((x) >> 6) & 0x3ffffffUL)

#define DUK_ENC_OP(op)              ((duk_instr_t) (op))
#define DUK_ENC_OP_ABC(op,abc)      ((duk_instr_t) ( \
                                        (((duk_instr_t) (abc)) << 6) | \
                                        ((duk_instr_t) (op)) \
                                    ))
#define DUK_ENC_OP_A_BC(op,a,bc)    ((duk_instr_t) ( \
                                        (((duk_instr_t) (bc)) << 14) | \
                                        (((duk_instr_t) (a)) << 6) | \
                                        ((duk_instr_t) (op)) \
                                    ))
#define DUK_ENC_OP_A_B_C(op,a,b,c)  ((duk_instr_t) ( \
                                        (((duk_instr_t) (c)) << 23) | \
                                        (((duk_instr_t) (b)) << 14) | \
                                        (((duk_instr_t) (a)) << 6) | \
                                        ((duk_instr_t) (op)) \
                                    ))
#define DUK_ENC_OP_A_B(op,a,b)      DUK_ENC_OP_A_B_C(op,a,b,0)
#define DUK_ENC_OP_A(op,a)          DUK_ENC_OP_A_B_C(op,a,0,0)

/* Constants should be signed so that signed arithmetic involving them
 * won't cause values to be coerced accidentally to unsigned.
 */
#define DUK_BC_OP_MIN               0
#define DUK_BC_OP_MAX               0x3fL
#define DUK_BC_A_MIN                0
#define DUK_BC_A_MAX                0xffL
#define DUK_BC_B_MIN                0
#define DUK_BC_B_MAX                0x1ffL
#define DUK_BC_C_MIN                0
#define DUK_BC_C_MAX                0x1ffL
#define DUK_BC_BC_MIN               0
#define DUK_BC_BC_MAX               0x3ffffL
#define DUK_BC_ABC_MIN              0
#define DUK_BC_ABC_MAX              0x3ffffffL
#define DUK_BC_EXTRAOP_MIN          DUK_BC_A_MIN
#define DUK_BC_EXTRAOP_MAX          DUK_BC_A_MAX

#define DUK_OP_LDREG                0
#define DUK_OP_STREG                1
#define DUK_OP_LDCONST              2
#define DUK_OP_LDINT                3
#define DUK_OP_LDINTX               4
#define DUK_OP_MPUTOBJ              5
#define DUK_OP_MPUTOBJI             6
#define DUK_OP_MPUTARR              7
#define DUK_OP_MPUTARRI             8
#define DUK_OP_NEW                  9
#define DUK_OP_NEWI                 10
#define DUK_OP_REGEXP               11
#define DUK_OP_CSREG                12
#define DUK_OP_CSREGI               13
#define DUK_OP_GETVAR               14
#define DUK_OP_PUTVAR               15
#define DUK_OP_DECLVAR              16
#define DUK_OP_DELVAR               17
#define DUK_OP_CSVAR                18
#define DUK_OP_CSVARI               19
#define DUK_OP_CLOSURE              20
#define DUK_OP_GETPROP              21
#define DUK_OP_PUTPROP              22
#define DUK_OP_DELPROP              23
#define DUK_OP_CSPROP               24
#define DUK_OP_CSPROPI              25
#define DUK_OP_ADD                  26
#define DUK_OP_SUB                  27
#define DUK_OP_MUL                  28
#define DUK_OP_DIV                  29
#define DUK_OP_MOD                  30
#define DUK_OP_BAND                 31
#define DUK_OP_BOR                  32
#define DUK_OP_BXOR                 33
#define DUK_OP_BASL                 34
#define DUK_OP_BLSR                 35
#define DUK_OP_BASR                 36
#define DUK_OP_EQ                   37
#define DUK_OP_NEQ                  38
#define DUK_OP_SEQ                  39
#define DUK_OP_SNEQ                 40
#define DUK_OP_GT                   41
#define DUK_OP_GE                   42
#define DUK_OP_LT                   43
#define DUK_OP_LE                   44
#define DUK_OP_IF                   45
#define DUK_OP_JUMP                 46
#define DUK_OP_RETURN               47
#define DUK_OP_CALL                 48
#define DUK_OP_CALLI                49
#define DUK_OP_TRYCATCH             50
#define DUK_OP_EXTRA                51
#define DUK_OP_PREINCR              52  /* pre/post opcode values have constraints, */
#define DUK_OP_PREDECR              53  /* see duk_js_executor.c */
#define DUK_OP_POSTINCR             54
#define DUK_OP_POSTDECR             55
#define DUK_OP_PREINCV              56
#define DUK_OP_PREDECV              57
#define DUK_OP_POSTINCV             58
#define DUK_OP_POSTDECV             59
#define DUK_OP_PREINCP              60
#define DUK_OP_PREDECP              61
#define DUK_OP_POSTINCP             62
#define DUK_OP_POSTDECP             63
#define DUK_OP_NONE                 64  /* dummy value used as marker */

/* DUK_OP_EXTRA, sub-operation in A */
#define DUK_EXTRAOP_NOP             0
#define DUK_EXTRAOP_INVALID         1
#define DUK_EXTRAOP_LDTHIS          2
#define DUK_EXTRAOP_LDUNDEF         3
#define DUK_EXTRAOP_LDNULL          4
#define DUK_EXTRAOP_LDTRUE          5
#define DUK_EXTRAOP_LDFALSE         6
#define DUK_EXTRAOP_NEWOBJ          7
#define DUK_EXTRAOP_NEWARR          8
#define DUK_EXTRAOP_SETALEN         9
#define DUK_EXTRAOP_TYPEOF          10
#define DUK_EXTRAOP_TYPEOFID        11
#define DUK_EXTRAOP_INITENUM        12
#define DUK_EXTRAOP_NEXTENUM        13
#define DUK_EXTRAOP_INITSET         14
#define DUK_EXTRAOP_INITSETI        15
#define DUK_EXTRAOP_INITGET         16
#define DUK_EXTRAOP_INITGETI        17
#define DUK_EXTRAOP_ENDTRY          18
#define DUK_EXTRAOP_ENDCATCH        19
#define DUK_EXTRAOP_ENDFIN          20
#define DUK_EXTRAOP_THROW           21
#define DUK_EXTRAOP_INVLHS          22
#define DUK_EXTRAOP_UNM             23
#define DUK_EXTRAOP_UNP             24
#define DUK_EXTRAOP_DEBUGGER        25
#define DUK_EXTRAOP_BREAK           26
#define DUK_EXTRAOP_CONTINUE        27
#define DUK_EXTRAOP_BNOT            28
#define DUK_EXTRAOP_LNOT            29
#define DUK_EXTRAOP_INSTOF          30
#define DUK_EXTRAOP_IN              31
#define DUK_EXTRAOP_LABEL           32
#define DUK_EXTRAOP_ENDLABEL        33

/* DUK_OP_CALL flags in A */
#define DUK_BC_CALL_FLAG_TAILCALL           (1 << 0)
#define DUK_BC_CALL_FLAG_EVALCALL           (1 << 1)

/* DUK_OP_TRYCATCH flags in A */
#define DUK_BC_TRYCATCH_FLAG_HAVE_CATCH     (1 << 0)
#define DUK_BC_TRYCATCH_FLAG_HAVE_FINALLY   (1 << 1)
#define DUK_BC_TRYCATCH_FLAG_CATCH_BINDING  (1 << 2)
#define DUK_BC_TRYCATCH_FLAG_WITH_BINDING   (1 << 3)

/* DUK_OP_RETURN flags in A */
#define DUK_BC_RETURN_FLAG_HAVE_RETVAL      (1 << 0)

/* DUK_OP_DECLVAR flags in A; bottom bits are reserved for propdesc flags (DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_XXX) */
#define DUK_BC_DECLVAR_FLAG_UNDEF_VALUE     (1 << 4)  /* use 'undefined' for value automatically */
#define DUK_BC_DECLVAR_FLAG_FUNC_DECL       (1 << 5)  /* function declaration */

/* misc constants and helper macros */
#define DUK_BC_REGLIMIT             256  /* if B/C is >= this value, refers to a const */
#define DUK_BC_ISREG(x)             ((x) < DUK_BC_REGLIMIT)
#define DUK_BC_ISCONST(x)           ((x) >= DUK_BC_REGLIMIT)
#define DUK_BC_LDINT_BIAS           (1L << 17)
#define DUK_BC_LDINTX_SHIFT         18
#define DUK_BC_JUMP_BIAS            (1L << 25)

#endif  /* DUK_JS_BYTECODE_H_INCLUDED */
/*
 *  Lexer defines.
 */

#ifndef DUK_LEXER_H_INCLUDED
#define DUK_LEXER_H_INCLUDED

typedef void (*duk_re_range_callback)(void *user, duk_codepoint_t r1, duk_codepoint_t r2, duk_bool_t direct);

/*
 *  A token is interpreted as any possible production of InputElementDiv
 *  and InputElementRegExp, see E5 Section 7 in its entirety.  Note that
 *  the E5 "Token" production does not cover all actual tokens of the
 *  language (which is explicitly stated in the specification, Section 7.5).
 *  Null and boolean literals are defined as part of both ReservedWord
 *  (E5 Section 7.6.1) and Literal (E5 Section 7.8) productions.  Here,
 *  null and boolean values have literal tokens, and are not reserved
 *  words.
 *
 *  Decimal literal negative/positive sign is -not- part of DUK_TOK_NUMBER.
 *  The number tokens always have a non-negative value.  The unary minus
 *  operator in "-1.0" is optimized during compilation to yield a single
 *  negative constant.
 *
 *  Token numbering is free except that reserved words are required to be
 *  in a continuous range and in a particular order.  See genstrings.py.
 */

#define DUK_LEXER_INITCTX(ctx)        duk_lexer_initctx((ctx))

#define DUK_LEXER_SETPOINT(ctx,pt)    duk_lexer_setpoint((ctx), (pt))

#define DUK_LEXER_GETPOINT(ctx,pt)    do { (pt)->offset = (ctx)->window[0].offset; \
                                           (pt)->line = (ctx)->window[0].line; } while (0)

/* currently 6 characters of lookup are actually needed (duk_lexer.c) */
#define DUK_LEXER_WINDOW_SIZE                     6
#if defined(DUK_USE_LEXER_SLIDING_WINDOW)
#define DUK_LEXER_BUFFER_SIZE                     64
#endif

#define DUK_TOK_MINVAL                            0

/* returned after EOF (infinite amount) */
#define DUK_TOK_EOF                               0

/* identifier names (E5 Section 7.6) */
#define DUK_TOK_IDENTIFIER                        1

/* reserved words: keywords */
#define DUK_TOK_START_RESERVED                    2
#define DUK_TOK_BREAK                             2
#define DUK_TOK_CASE                              3
#define DUK_TOK_CATCH                             4
#define DUK_TOK_CONTINUE                          5
#define DUK_TOK_DEBUGGER                          6
#define DUK_TOK_DEFAULT                           7
#define DUK_TOK_DELETE                            8
#define DUK_TOK_DO                                9
#define DUK_TOK_ELSE                              10
#define DUK_TOK_FINALLY                           11
#define DUK_TOK_FOR                               12
#define DUK_TOK_FUNCTION                          13
#define DUK_TOK_IF                                14
#define DUK_TOK_IN                                15
#define DUK_TOK_INSTANCEOF                        16
#define DUK_TOK_NEW                               17
#define DUK_TOK_RETURN                            18
#define DUK_TOK_SWITCH                            19
#define DUK_TOK_THIS                              20
#define DUK_TOK_THROW                             21
#define DUK_TOK_TRY                               22
#define DUK_TOK_TYPEOF                            23
#define DUK_TOK_VAR                               24
#define DUK_TOK_CONST                             25
#define DUK_TOK_VOID                              26
#define DUK_TOK_WHILE                             27
#define DUK_TOK_WITH                              28

/* reserved words: future reserved words */
#define DUK_TOK_CLASS                             29
#define DUK_TOK_ENUM                              30
#define DUK_TOK_EXPORT                            31
#define DUK_TOK_EXTENDS                           32
#define DUK_TOK_IMPORT                            33
#define DUK_TOK_SUPER                             34

/* "null", "true", and "false" are always reserved words.
 * Note that "get" and "set" are not!
 */
#define DUK_TOK_NULL                              35
#define DUK_TOK_TRUE                              36
#define DUK_TOK_FALSE                             37

/* reserved words: additional future reserved words in strict mode */
#define DUK_TOK_START_STRICT_RESERVED             38  /* inclusive */
#define DUK_TOK_IMPLEMENTS                        38
#define DUK_TOK_INTERFACE                         39
#define DUK_TOK_LET                               40
#define DUK_TOK_PACKAGE                           41
#define DUK_TOK_PRIVATE                           42
#define DUK_TOK_PROTECTED                         43
#define DUK_TOK_PUBLIC                            44
#define DUK_TOK_STATIC                            45
#define DUK_TOK_YIELD                             46

#define DUK_TOK_END_RESERVED                      47  /* exclusive */

/* "get" and "set" are tokens but NOT ReservedWords.  They are currently
 * parsed and identifiers and these defines are actually now unused.
 */
#define DUK_TOK_GET                               47
#define DUK_TOK_SET                               48

/* punctuators (unlike the spec, also includes "/" and "/=") */
#define DUK_TOK_LCURLY                            49
#define DUK_TOK_RCURLY                            50
#define DUK_TOK_LBRACKET                          51
#define DUK_TOK_RBRACKET                          52
#define DUK_TOK_LPAREN                            53
#define DUK_TOK_RPAREN                            54
#define DUK_TOK_PERIOD                            55
#define DUK_TOK_SEMICOLON                         56
#define DUK_TOK_COMMA                             57
#define DUK_TOK_LT                                58
#define DUK_TOK_GT                                59
#define DUK_TOK_LE                                60
#define DUK_TOK_GE                                61
#define DUK_TOK_EQ                                62
#define DUK_TOK_NEQ                               63
#define DUK_TOK_SEQ                               64
#define DUK_TOK_SNEQ                              65
#define DUK_TOK_ADD                               66
#define DUK_TOK_SUB                               67
#define DUK_TOK_MUL                               68
#define DUK_TOK_DIV                               69
#define DUK_TOK_MOD                               70
#define DUK_TOK_INCREMENT                         71
#define DUK_TOK_DECREMENT                         72
#define DUK_TOK_ALSHIFT                           73  /* named "arithmetic" because result is signed */
#define DUK_TOK_ARSHIFT                           74
#define DUK_TOK_RSHIFT                            75
#define DUK_TOK_BAND                              76
#define DUK_TOK_BOR                               77
#define DUK_TOK_BXOR                              78
#define DUK_TOK_LNOT                              79
#define DUK_TOK_BNOT                              80
#define DUK_TOK_LAND                              81
#define DUK_TOK_LOR                               82
#define DUK_TOK_QUESTION                          83
#define DUK_TOK_COLON                             84
#define DUK_TOK_EQUALSIGN                         85
#define DUK_TOK_ADD_EQ                            86
#define DUK_TOK_SUB_EQ                            87
#define DUK_TOK_MUL_EQ                            88
#define DUK_TOK_DIV_EQ                            89
#define DUK_TOK_MOD_EQ                            90
#define DUK_TOK_ALSHIFT_EQ                        91
#define DUK_TOK_ARSHIFT_EQ                        92
#define DUK_TOK_RSHIFT_EQ                         93
#define DUK_TOK_BAND_EQ                           94
#define DUK_TOK_BOR_EQ                            95
#define DUK_TOK_BXOR_EQ                           96

/* literals (E5 Section 7.8), except null, true, false, which are treated
 * like reserved words (above).
 */
#define DUK_TOK_NUMBER                            97
#define DUK_TOK_STRING                            98
#define DUK_TOK_REGEXP                            99

#define DUK_TOK_MAXVAL                            99  /* inclusive */

/* Convert heap string index to a token (reserved words) */
#define DUK_STRIDX_TO_TOK(x)                        ((x) - DUK_STRIDX_START_RESERVED + DUK_TOK_START_RESERVED)

/* Sanity check */
#if (DUK_TOK_MAXVAL > 255)
#error DUK_TOK_MAXVAL too large, code assumes it fits into 8 bits
#endif

/* Sanity checks for string and token defines */
#if (DUK_STRIDX_TO_TOK(DUK_STRIDX_BREAK) != DUK_TOK_BREAK)
#error mismatch in token defines
#endif
#if (DUK_STRIDX_TO_TOK(DUK_STRIDX_CASE) != DUK_TOK_CASE)
#error mismatch in token defines
#endif
#if (DUK_STRIDX_TO_TOK(DUK_STRIDX_CATCH) != DUK_TOK_CATCH)
#error mismatch in token defines
#endif
#if (DUK_STRIDX_TO_TOK(DUK_STRIDX_CONTINUE) != DUK_TOK_CONTINUE)
#error mismatch in token defines
#endif
#if (DUK_STRIDX_TO_TOK(DUK_STRIDX_DEBUGGER) != DUK_TOK_DEBUGGER)
#error mismatch in token defines
#endif
#if (DUK_STRIDX_TO_TOK(DUK_STRIDX_DEFAULT) != DUK_TOK_DEFAULT)
#error mismatch in token defines
#endif
#if (DUK_STRIDX_TO_TOK(DUK_STRIDX_DELETE) != DUK_TOK_DELETE)
#error mismatch in token defines
#endif
#if (DUK_STRIDX_TO_TOK(DUK_STRIDX_DO) != DUK_TOK_DO)
#error mismatch in token defines
#endif
#if (DUK_STRIDX_TO_TOK(DUK_STRIDX_ELSE) != DUK_TOK_ELSE)
#error mismatch in token defines
#endif
#if (DUK_STRIDX_TO_TOK(DUK_STRIDX_FINALLY) != DUK_TOK_FINALLY)
#error mismatch in token defines
#endif
#if (DUK_STRIDX_TO_TOK(DUK_STRIDX_FOR) != DUK_TOK_FOR)
#error mismatch in token defines
#endif
#if (DUK_STRIDX_TO_TOK(DUK_STRIDX_LC_FUNCTION) != DUK_TOK_FUNCTION)
#error mismatch in token defines
#endif
#if (DUK_STRIDX_TO_TOK(DUK_STRIDX_IF) != DUK_TOK_IF)
#error mismatch in token defines
#endif
#if (DUK_STRIDX_TO_TOK(DUK_STRIDX_IN) != DUK_TOK_IN)
#error mismatch in token defines
#endif
#if (DUK_STRIDX_TO_TOK(DUK_STRIDX_INSTANCEOF) != DUK_TOK_INSTANCEOF)
#error mismatch in token defines
#endif
#if (DUK_STRIDX_TO_TOK(DUK_STRIDX_NEW) != DUK_TOK_NEW)
#error mismatch in token defines
#endif
#if (DUK_STRIDX_TO_TOK(DUK_STRIDX_RETURN) != DUK_TOK_RETURN)
#error mismatch in token defines
#endif
#if (DUK_STRIDX_TO_TOK(DUK_STRIDX_SWITCH) != DUK_TOK_SWITCH)
#error mismatch in token defines
#endif
#if (DUK_STRIDX_TO_TOK(DUK_STRIDX_THIS) != DUK_TOK_THIS)
#error mismatch in token defines
#endif
#if (DUK_STRIDX_TO_TOK(DUK_STRIDX_THROW) != DUK_TOK_THROW)
#error mismatch in token defines
#endif
#if (DUK_STRIDX_TO_TOK(DUK_STRIDX_TRY) != DUK_TOK_TRY)
#error mismatch in token defines
#endif
#if (DUK_STRIDX_TO_TOK(DUK_STRIDX_TYPEOF) != DUK_TOK_TYPEOF)
#error mismatch in token defines
#endif
#if (DUK_STRIDX_TO_TOK(DUK_STRIDX_VAR) != DUK_TOK_VAR)
#error mismatch in token defines
#endif
#if (DUK_STRIDX_TO_TOK(DUK_STRIDX_VOID) != DUK_TOK_VOID)
#error mismatch in token defines
#endif
#if (DUK_STRIDX_TO_TOK(DUK_STRIDX_WHILE) != DUK_TOK_WHILE)
#error mismatch in token defines
#endif
#if (DUK_STRIDX_TO_TOK(DUK_STRIDX_WITH) != DUK_TOK_WITH)
#error mismatch in token defines
#endif
#if (DUK_STRIDX_TO_TOK(DUK_STRIDX_CLASS) != DUK_TOK_CLASS)
#error mismatch in token defines
#endif
#if (DUK_STRIDX_TO_TOK(DUK_STRIDX_CONST) != DUK_TOK_CONST)
#error mismatch in token defines
#endif
#if (DUK_STRIDX_TO_TOK(DUK_STRIDX_ENUM) != DUK_TOK_ENUM)
#error mismatch in token defines
#endif
#if (DUK_STRIDX_TO_TOK(DUK_STRIDX_EXPORT) != DUK_TOK_EXPORT)
#error mismatch in token defines
#endif
#if (DUK_STRIDX_TO_TOK(DUK_STRIDX_EXTENDS) != DUK_TOK_EXTENDS)
#error mismatch in token defines
#endif
#if (DUK_STRIDX_TO_TOK(DUK_STRIDX_IMPORT) != DUK_TOK_IMPORT)
#error mismatch in token defines
#endif
#if (DUK_STRIDX_TO_TOK(DUK_STRIDX_SUPER) != DUK_TOK_SUPER)
#error mismatch in token defines
#endif
#if (DUK_STRIDX_TO_TOK(DUK_STRIDX_LC_NULL) != DUK_TOK_NULL)
#error mismatch in token defines
#endif
#if (DUK_STRIDX_TO_TOK(DUK_STRIDX_TRUE) != DUK_TOK_TRUE)
#error mismatch in token defines
#endif
#if (DUK_STRIDX_TO_TOK(DUK_STRIDX_FALSE) != DUK_TOK_FALSE)
#error mismatch in token defines
#endif
#if (DUK_STRIDX_TO_TOK(DUK_STRIDX_IMPLEMENTS) != DUK_TOK_IMPLEMENTS)
#error mismatch in token defines
#endif
#if (DUK_STRIDX_TO_TOK(DUK_STRIDX_INTERFACE) != DUK_TOK_INTERFACE)
#error mismatch in token defines
#endif
#if (DUK_STRIDX_TO_TOK(DUK_STRIDX_LET) != DUK_TOK_LET)
#error mismatch in token defines
#endif
#if (DUK_STRIDX_TO_TOK(DUK_STRIDX_PACKAGE) != DUK_TOK_PACKAGE)
#error mismatch in token defines
#endif
#if (DUK_STRIDX_TO_TOK(DUK_STRIDX_PRIVATE) != DUK_TOK_PRIVATE)
#error mismatch in token defines
#endif
#if (DUK_STRIDX_TO_TOK(DUK_STRIDX_PROTECTED) != DUK_TOK_PROTECTED)
#error mismatch in token defines
#endif
#if (DUK_STRIDX_TO_TOK(DUK_STRIDX_PUBLIC) != DUK_TOK_PUBLIC)
#error mismatch in token defines
#endif
#if (DUK_STRIDX_TO_TOK(DUK_STRIDX_STATIC) != DUK_TOK_STATIC)
#error mismatch in token defines
#endif
#if (DUK_STRIDX_TO_TOK(DUK_STRIDX_YIELD) != DUK_TOK_YIELD)
#error mismatch in token defines
#endif

/* Regexp tokens */
#define DUK_RETOK_EOF                              0
#define DUK_RETOK_DISJUNCTION                      1
#define DUK_RETOK_QUANTIFIER                       2
#define DUK_RETOK_ASSERT_START                     3
#define DUK_RETOK_ASSERT_END                       4
#define DUK_RETOK_ASSERT_WORD_BOUNDARY             5
#define DUK_RETOK_ASSERT_NOT_WORD_BOUNDARY         6
#define DUK_RETOK_ASSERT_START_POS_LOOKAHEAD       7
#define DUK_RETOK_ASSERT_START_NEG_LOOKAHEAD       8
#define DUK_RETOK_ATOM_PERIOD                      9
#define DUK_RETOK_ATOM_CHAR                        10
#define DUK_RETOK_ATOM_DIGIT                       11
#define DUK_RETOK_ATOM_NOT_DIGIT                   12
#define DUK_RETOK_ATOM_WHITE                       13
#define DUK_RETOK_ATOM_NOT_WHITE                   14
#define DUK_RETOK_ATOM_WORD_CHAR                   15
#define DUK_RETOK_ATOM_NOT_WORD_CHAR               16
#define DUK_RETOK_ATOM_BACKREFERENCE               17
#define DUK_RETOK_ATOM_START_CAPTURE_GROUP         18
#define DUK_RETOK_ATOM_START_NONCAPTURE_GROUP      19
#define DUK_RETOK_ATOM_START_CHARCLASS             20
#define DUK_RETOK_ATOM_START_CHARCLASS_INVERTED    21
#define DUK_RETOK_ATOM_END_GROUP                   22

/* Constants for duk_lexer_ctx.buf. */
#define DUK_LEXER_TEMP_BUF_LIMIT                   256

/* A token value.  Can be memcpy()'d, but note that slot1/slot2 values are on the valstack.
 * Some fields (like num, str1, str2) are only valid for specific token types and may have
 * stale values otherwise.
 */
struct duk_token {
	duk_small_int_t t;            /* token type (with reserved word identification) */
	duk_small_int_t t_nores;      /* token type (with reserved words as DUK_TOK_IDENTIFER) */
	duk_double_t num;             /* numeric value of token */
	duk_hstring *str1;            /* string 1 of token (borrowed, stored to ctx->slot1_idx) */
	duk_hstring *str2;            /* string 2 of token (borrowed, stored to ctx->slot2_idx) */
	duk_size_t start_offset;      /* start byte offset of token in lexer input */
	duk_int_t start_line;         /* start line of token (first char) */
	duk_int_t num_escapes;        /* number of escapes and line continuations (for directive prologue) */
	duk_bool_t lineterm;          /* token was preceded by a lineterm */
	duk_bool_t allow_auto_semi;   /* token allows automatic semicolon insertion (eof or preceded by newline) */
};

#define DUK_RE_QUANTIFIER_INFINITE         ((duk_uint32_t) 0xffffffffUL)

/* A regexp token value. */
struct duk_re_token {
	duk_small_int_t t;           /* token type */
	duk_small_int_t greedy;
	duk_uint_fast32_t num;       /* numeric value (character, count) */
	duk_uint_fast32_t qmin;
	duk_uint_fast32_t qmax;
};

/* A structure for 'snapshotting' a point for rewinding */
struct duk_lexer_point {
	duk_size_t offset;
	duk_int_t line;
};

/* Lexer codepoint with additional info like offset/line number */
struct duk_lexer_codepoint {
	duk_codepoint_t codepoint;
	duk_size_t offset;
	duk_int_t line;
};

/* Lexer context.  Same context is used for Ecmascript and Regexp parsing. */
struct duk_lexer_ctx {
#if defined(DUK_USE_LEXER_SLIDING_WINDOW)
	duk_lexer_codepoint *window; /* unicode code points, window[0] is always next, points to 'buffer' */
	duk_lexer_codepoint buffer[DUK_LEXER_BUFFER_SIZE];
#else
	duk_lexer_codepoint window[DUK_LEXER_WINDOW_SIZE]; /* unicode code points, window[0] is always next */
#endif

	duk_hthread *thr;                              /* thread; minimizes argument passing */

	const duk_uint8_t *input;                      /* input string (may be a user pointer) */
	duk_size_t input_length;                       /* input byte length */
	duk_size_t input_offset;                       /* input offset for window leading edge (not window[0]) */
	duk_int_t input_line;                          /* input linenumber at input_offset (not window[0]), init to 1 */

	duk_idx_t slot1_idx;                           /* valstack slot for 1st token value */
	duk_idx_t slot2_idx;                           /* valstack slot for 2nd token value */
	duk_idx_t buf_idx;                             /* valstack slot for temp buffer */
	duk_hbuffer_dynamic *buf;                      /* temp accumulation buffer */
	duk_bufwriter_ctx bw;                          /* bufwriter for temp accumulation */

	duk_int_t token_count;                         /* number of tokens parsed */
	duk_int_t token_limit;                         /* maximum token count before error (sanity backstop) */
};

/*
 *  Prototypes
 */

DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_lexer_initctx(duk_lexer_ctx *lex_ctx);

DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_lexer_setpoint(duk_lexer_ctx *lex_ctx, duk_lexer_point *pt);

DUK_INTERNAL_DECL
void duk_lexer_parse_js_input_element(duk_lexer_ctx *lex_ctx,
                                      duk_token *out_token,
                                      duk_bool_t strict_mode,
                                      duk_bool_t regexp_mode);
#ifdef DUK_USE_REGEXP_SUPPORT
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_lexer_parse_re_token(duk_lexer_ctx *lex_ctx, duk_re_token *out_token);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_lexer_parse_re_ranges(duk_lexer_ctx *lex_ctx, duk_re_range_callback gen_range, void *userdata);
#endif  /* DUK_USE_REGEXP_SUPPORT */

#endif  /* DUK_LEXER_H_INCLUDED */
/*
 *  Ecmascript compiler.
 */

#ifndef DUK_JS_COMPILER_H_INCLUDED
#define DUK_JS_COMPILER_H_INCLUDED

/* ecmascript compiler limits */
#define DUK_COMPILER_TOKEN_LIMIT           100000000L  /* 1e8: protects against deeply nested inner functions */

/* maximum loopcount for peephole optimization */
#define DUK_COMPILER_PEEPHOLE_MAXITER      3

/* maximum bytecode length in instructions */
#define DUK_COMPILER_MAX_BYTECODE_LENGTH   (256L * 1024L * 1024L)  /* 1 GB */

/*
 *  Compiler intermediate values
 *
 *  Intermediate values describe either plain values (e.g. strings or
 *  numbers) or binary operations which have not yet been coerced into
 *  either a left-hand-side or right-hand-side role (e.g. object property).
 */

#define DUK_IVAL_NONE          0   /* no value */
#define DUK_IVAL_PLAIN         1   /* register, constant, or value */
#define DUK_IVAL_ARITH         2   /* binary arithmetic; DUK_OP_ADD, DUK_OP_EQ, other binary ops */
#define DUK_IVAL_ARITH_EXTRAOP 3   /* binary arithmetic using extraops; DUK_EXTRAOP_INSTOF etc */
#define DUK_IVAL_PROP          4   /* property access */
#define DUK_IVAL_VAR           5   /* variable access */

#define DUK_ISPEC_NONE         0   /* no value */
#define DUK_ISPEC_VALUE        1   /* value resides in 'valstack_idx' */
#define DUK_ISPEC_REGCONST     2   /* value resides in a register or constant */

/* bit mask which indicates that a regconst is a constant instead of a register */
#define DUK_JS_CONST_MARKER    0x80000000UL

/* type to represent a reg/const reference during compilation */
typedef duk_uint32_t duk_regconst_t;

/* type to represent a straight register reference, with <0 indicating none */
typedef duk_int32_t duk_reg_t;

typedef struct {
	duk_small_uint_t t;          /* DUK_ISPEC_XXX */
	duk_regconst_t regconst;
	duk_idx_t valstack_idx;      /* always set; points to a reserved valstack slot */
} duk_ispec;

typedef struct {
	/*
	 *  PLAIN: x1
	 *  ARITH: x1 <op> x2
	 *  PROP: x1.x2
	 *  VAR: x1 (name)
	 */

	/* XXX: can be optimized for smaller footprint esp. on 32-bit environments */
	duk_small_uint_t t;          /* DUK_IVAL_XXX */
	duk_small_uint_t op;         /* bytecode opcode (or extraop) for binary ops */
	duk_ispec x1;
	duk_ispec x2;
} duk_ivalue;

/*
 *  Bytecode instruction representation during compilation
 *
 *  Contains the actual instruction and (optionally) debug info.
 */

struct duk_compiler_instr {
	duk_instr_t ins;
#if defined(DUK_USE_PC2LINE)
	duk_uint32_t line;
#endif
};

/*
 *  Compiler state
 */

#define DUK_LABEL_FLAG_ALLOW_BREAK       (1 << 0)
#define DUK_LABEL_FLAG_ALLOW_CONTINUE    (1 << 1)

#define DUK_DECL_TYPE_VAR                0
#define DUK_DECL_TYPE_FUNC               1

/* XXX: optimize to 16 bytes */
typedef struct {
	duk_small_uint_t flags;
	duk_int_t label_id;          /* numeric label_id (-1 reserved as marker) */
	duk_hstring *h_label;        /* borrowed label name */
	duk_int_t catch_depth;       /* catch depth at point of definition */
	duk_int_t pc_label;          /* pc of label statement:
	                              * pc+1: break jump site
	                              * pc+2: continue jump site
	                              */

	/* Fast jumps (which avoid longjmp) jump directly to the jump sites
	 * which are always known even while the iteration/switch statement
	 * is still being parsed.  A final peephole pass "straightens out"
	 * the jumps.
	 */
} duk_labelinfo;

/* Compiling state of one function, eventually converted to duk_hcompiledfunction */
struct duk_compiler_func {
	/* These pointers are at the start of the struct so that they pack
	 * nicely.  Mixing pointers and integer values is bad on some
	 * platforms (e.g. if int is 32 bits and pointers are 64 bits).
	 */

	duk_bufwriter_ctx bw_code;          /* bufwriter for code */

	duk_hstring *h_name;                /* function name (borrowed reference), ends up in _name */
	/* h_code: held in bw_code */
	duk_hobject *h_consts;              /* array */
	duk_hobject *h_funcs;               /* array of function templates: [func1, offset1, line1, func2, offset2, line2]
	                                     * offset/line points to closing brace to allow skipping on pass 2
	                                     */
	duk_hobject *h_decls;               /* array of declarations: [ name1, val1, name2, val2, ... ]
	                                     * valN = (typeN) | (fnum << 8), where fnum is inner func number (0 for vars)
	                                     * record function and variable declarations in pass 1
	                                     */
	duk_hobject *h_labelnames;          /* array of active label names */
	duk_hbuffer_dynamic *h_labelinfos;  /* C array of duk_labelinfo */
	duk_hobject *h_argnames;            /* array of formal argument names (-> _Formals) */
	duk_hobject *h_varmap;              /* variable map for pass 2 (identifier -> register number or null (unmapped)) */

	/* value stack indices for tracking objects */
	/* code_idx: not needed */
	duk_idx_t consts_idx;
	duk_idx_t funcs_idx;
	duk_idx_t decls_idx;
	duk_idx_t labelnames_idx;
	duk_idx_t labelinfos_idx;
	duk_idx_t argnames_idx;
	duk_idx_t varmap_idx;

	/* temp reg handling */
	duk_reg_t temp_first;               /* first register that is a temporary (below: variables) */
	duk_reg_t temp_next;                /* next temporary register to allocate */
	duk_reg_t temp_max;                 /* highest value of temp_reg (temp_max - 1 is highest used reg) */

	/* shuffle registers if large number of regs/consts */
	duk_reg_t shuffle1;
	duk_reg_t shuffle2;
	duk_reg_t shuffle3;

	/* stats for current expression being parsed */
	duk_int_t nud_count;
	duk_int_t led_count;
	duk_int_t paren_level;              /* parenthesis count, 0 = top level */
	duk_bool_t expr_lhs;                /* expression is left-hand-side compatible */
	duk_bool_t allow_in;                /* current paren level allows 'in' token */

	/* misc */
	duk_int_t stmt_next;                /* statement id allocation (running counter) */
	duk_int_t label_next;               /* label id allocation (running counter) */
	duk_int_t catch_depth;              /* catch stack depth */
	duk_int_t with_depth;               /* with stack depth (affects identifier lookups) */
	duk_int_t fnum_next;                /* inner function numbering */
	duk_int_t num_formals;              /* number of formal arguments */
	duk_reg_t reg_stmt_value;           /* register for writing value of 'non-empty' statements (global or eval code), -1 is marker */
#if defined(DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_SUPPORT)
	duk_int_t min_line;                 /* XXX: typing (duk_hcompiledfunction has duk_uint32_t) */
	duk_int_t max_line;
#endif

	/* status booleans */
	duk_bool_t is_function;             /* is an actual function (not global/eval code) */
	duk_bool_t is_eval;                 /* is eval code */
	duk_bool_t is_global;               /* is global code */
	duk_bool_t is_setget;               /* is a setter/getter */
	duk_bool_t is_decl;                 /* is a function declaration (as opposed to function expression) */
	duk_bool_t is_strict;               /* function is strict */
	duk_bool_t is_notail;               /* function must not be tail called */
	duk_bool_t in_directive_prologue;   /* parsing in "directive prologue", recognize directives */
	duk_bool_t in_scanning;             /* parsing in "scanning" phase (first pass) */
	duk_bool_t may_direct_eval;         /* function may call direct eval */
	duk_bool_t id_access_arguments;     /* function refers to 'arguments' identifier */
	duk_bool_t id_access_slow;          /* function makes one or more slow path accesses */
	duk_bool_t is_arguments_shadowed;   /* argument/function declaration shadows 'arguments' */
	duk_bool_t needs_shuffle;           /* function needs shuffle registers */
	duk_bool_t reject_regexp_in_adv;    /* reject RegExp literal on next advance() call; needed for handling IdentifierName productions */
};

struct duk_compiler_ctx {
	duk_hthread *thr;

	/* filename being compiled (ends up in functions' '_filename' property) */
	duk_hstring *h_filename;            /* borrowed reference */

	/* lexing (tokenization) state (contains two valstack slot indices) */
	duk_lexer_ctx lex;

	/* current and previous token for parsing */
	duk_token prev_token;
	duk_token curr_token;
	duk_idx_t tok11_idx;                /* curr_token slot1 (matches 'lex' slot1_idx) */
	duk_idx_t tok12_idx;                /* curr_token slot2 (matches 'lex' slot2_idx) */
	duk_idx_t tok21_idx;                /* prev_token slot1 */
	duk_idx_t tok22_idx;                /* prev_token slot2 */

	/* recursion limit */
	duk_int_t recursion_depth;
	duk_int_t recursion_limit;

	/* code emission temporary */
	duk_int_t emit_jumpslot_pc;

	/* current function being compiled (embedded instead of pointer for more compact access) */
	duk_compiler_func curr_func;
};

/*
 *  Prototypes
 */

#define DUK_JS_COMPILE_FLAG_EVAL      (1 << 0)  /* source is eval code (not global) */
#define DUK_JS_COMPILE_FLAG_STRICT    (1 << 1)  /* strict outer context */
#define DUK_JS_COMPILE_FLAG_FUNCEXPR  (1 << 2)  /* source is a function expression (used for Function constructor) */

DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_js_compile(duk_hthread *thr, const duk_uint8_t *src_buffer, duk_size_t src_length, duk_small_uint_t flags);

#endif  /* DUK_JS_COMPILER_H_INCLUDED */
/*
 *  Regular expression structs, constants, and bytecode defines.
 */

#ifndef DUK_REGEXP_H_INCLUDED
#define DUK_REGEXP_H_INCLUDED

/* maximum bytecode copies for {n,m} quantifiers */
#define DUK_RE_MAX_ATOM_COPIES             1000

/* regexp compilation limits */
#define DUK_RE_COMPILE_TOKEN_LIMIT         100000000L   /* 1e8 */

/* regexp execution limits */
#define DUK_RE_EXECUTE_STEPS_LIMIT         1000000000L  /* 1e9 */

/* regexp opcodes */
#define DUK_REOP_MATCH                     1
#define DUK_REOP_CHAR                      2
#define DUK_REOP_PERIOD                    3
#define DUK_REOP_RANGES                    4
#define DUK_REOP_INVRANGES                 5
#define DUK_REOP_JUMP                      6
#define DUK_REOP_SPLIT1                    7
#define DUK_REOP_SPLIT2                    8
#define DUK_REOP_SQMINIMAL                 9
#define DUK_REOP_SQGREEDY                  10
#define DUK_REOP_SAVE                      11
#define DUK_REOP_WIPERANGE                 12
#define DUK_REOP_LOOKPOS                   13
#define DUK_REOP_LOOKNEG                   14
#define DUK_REOP_BACKREFERENCE             15
#define DUK_REOP_ASSERT_START              16
#define DUK_REOP_ASSERT_END                17
#define DUK_REOP_ASSERT_WORD_BOUNDARY      18
#define DUK_REOP_ASSERT_NOT_WORD_BOUNDARY  19

/* flags */
#define DUK_RE_FLAG_GLOBAL                 (1 << 0)
#define DUK_RE_FLAG_IGNORE_CASE            (1 << 1)
#define DUK_RE_FLAG_MULTILINE              (1 << 2)

struct duk_re_matcher_ctx {
	duk_hthread *thr;

	duk_uint32_t re_flags;
	const duk_uint8_t *input;
	const duk_uint8_t *input_end;
	const duk_uint8_t *bytecode;
	const duk_uint8_t *bytecode_end;
	const duk_uint8_t **saved;  /* allocated from valstack (fixed buffer) */
	duk_uint32_t nsaved;
	duk_uint32_t recursion_depth;
	duk_uint32_t recursion_limit;
	duk_uint32_t steps_count;
	duk_uint32_t steps_limit;
};

struct duk_re_compiler_ctx {
	duk_hthread *thr;

	duk_uint32_t re_flags;
	duk_lexer_ctx lex;
	duk_re_token curr_token;
	duk_bufwriter_ctx bw;
	duk_uint32_t captures;  /* highest capture number emitted so far (used as: ++captures) */
	duk_uint32_t highest_backref;
	duk_uint32_t recursion_depth;
	duk_uint32_t recursion_limit;
	duk_uint32_t nranges;  /* internal temporary value, used for char classes */
};

/*
 *  Prototypes
 */

DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_regexp_compile(duk_hthread *thr);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_regexp_create_instance(duk_hthread *thr);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_regexp_match(duk_hthread *thr);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_regexp_match_force_global(duk_hthread *thr);  /* hacky helper for String.prototype.split() */

#endif  /* DUK_REGEXP_H_INCLUDED */
/*
 *  Heap header definition and assorted macros, including ref counting.
 *  Access all fields through the accessor macros.
 */

#ifndef DUK_HEAPHDR_H_INCLUDED
#define DUK_HEAPHDR_H_INCLUDED

/*
 *  Common heap header
 *
 *  All heap objects share the same flags and refcount fields.  Objects other
 *  than strings also need to have a single or double linked list pointers
 *  for insertion into the "heap allocated" list.  Strings are held in the
 *  heap-wide string table so they don't need link pointers.
 *
 *  Technically, 'h_refcount' must be wide enough to guarantee that it cannot
 *  wrap (otherwise objects might be freed incorrectly after wrapping).  This
 *  means essentially that the refcount field must be as wide as data pointers.
 *  On 64-bit platforms this means that the refcount needs to be 64 bits even
 *  if an 'int' is 32 bits.  This is a bit unfortunate, and compromising on
 *  this might be reasonable in the future.
 *
 *  Heap header size on 32-bit platforms: 8 bytes without reference counting,
 *  16 bytes with reference counting.
 */

struct duk_heaphdr {
	duk_uint32_t h_flags;

#if defined(DUK_USE_REFERENCE_COUNTING)
#if defined(DUK_USE_REFCOUNT16)
	duk_uint16_t h_refcount16;
#else
	duk_size_t h_refcount;
#endif
#endif

#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
	duk_uint16_t h_next16;
#else
	duk_heaphdr *h_next;
#endif

#if defined(DUK_USE_DOUBLE_LINKED_HEAP)
	/* refcounting requires direct heap frees, which in turn requires a dual linked heap */
#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
	duk_uint16_t h_prev16;
#else
	duk_heaphdr *h_prev;
#endif
#endif

	/* When DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16 (and DUK_USE_REFCOUNT16) is in use, the
	 * struct won't align nicely to 4 bytes.  This 16-bit extra field
	 * is added to make the alignment clean; the field can be used by
	 * heap objects when 16-bit packing is used.  This field is now
	 * conditional to DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16 only, but it is intended to be
	 * used with DUK_USE_REFCOUNT16 and DUK_USE_DOUBLE_LINKED_HEAP;
	 * this only matter to low memory environments anyway.
	 */
#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
	duk_uint16_t h_extra16;
#endif
};

struct duk_heaphdr_string {
	/* 16 bits would be enough for shared heaphdr flags and duk_hstring
	 * flags.  The initial parts of duk_heaphdr_string and duk_heaphdr
	 * must match so changing the flags field size here would be quite
	 * awkward.  However, to minimize struct size, we can pack at least
	 * 16 bits of duk_hstring data into the flags field.
	 */
	duk_uint32_t h_flags;

#if defined(DUK_USE_REFERENCE_COUNTING)
#if defined(DUK_USE_REFCOUNT16)
	duk_uint16_t h_refcount16;
	duk_uint16_t h_strextra16;  /* round out to 8 bytes */
#else
	duk_size_t h_refcount;
#endif
#endif
};

#define DUK_HEAPHDR_FLAGS_TYPE_MASK      0x00000003UL
#define DUK_HEAPHDR_FLAGS_FLAG_MASK      (~DUK_HEAPHDR_FLAGS_TYPE_MASK)

                                             /* 2 bits for heap type */
#define DUK_HEAPHDR_FLAGS_HEAP_START     2   /* 5 heap flags */
#define DUK_HEAPHDR_FLAGS_USER_START     7   /* 25 user flags */

#define DUK_HEAPHDR_HEAP_FLAG_NUMBER(n)  (DUK_HEAPHDR_FLAGS_HEAP_START + (n))
#define DUK_HEAPHDR_USER_FLAG_NUMBER(n)  (DUK_HEAPHDR_FLAGS_USER_START + (n))
#define DUK_HEAPHDR_HEAP_FLAG(n)         (1UL << (DUK_HEAPHDR_FLAGS_HEAP_START + (n)))
#define DUK_HEAPHDR_USER_FLAG(n)         (1UL << (DUK_HEAPHDR_FLAGS_USER_START + (n)))

#define DUK_HEAPHDR_FLAG_REACHABLE       DUK_HEAPHDR_HEAP_FLAG(0)  /* mark-and-sweep: reachable */
#define DUK_HEAPHDR_FLAG_TEMPROOT        DUK_HEAPHDR_HEAP_FLAG(1)  /* mark-and-sweep: children not processed */
#define DUK_HEAPHDR_FLAG_FINALIZABLE     DUK_HEAPHDR_HEAP_FLAG(2)  /* mark-and-sweep: finalizable (on current pass) */
#define DUK_HEAPHDR_FLAG_FINALIZED       DUK_HEAPHDR_HEAP_FLAG(3)  /* mark-and-sweep: finalized (on previous pass) */
#define DUK_HEAPHDR_FLAG_READONLY        DUK_HEAPHDR_HEAP_FLAG(4)  /* read-only object, in code section */

#define DUK_HTYPE_MIN                    1
#define DUK_HTYPE_STRING                 1
#define DUK_HTYPE_OBJECT                 2
#define DUK_HTYPE_BUFFER                 3
#define DUK_HTYPE_MAX                    3

#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
#define DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_NEXT(heap,h) \
	((duk_heaphdr *) DUK_USE_HEAPPTR_DEC16((heap)->heap_udata, (h)->h_next16))
#define DUK_HEAPHDR_SET_NEXT(heap,h,val)   do { \
		(h)->h_next16 = DUK_USE_HEAPPTR_ENC16((heap)->heap_udata, (void *) val); \
	} while (0)
#else
#define DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_NEXT(heap,h)  ((h)->h_next)
#define DUK_HEAPHDR_SET_NEXT(heap,h,val)   do { \
		(h)->h_next = (val); \
	} while (0)
#endif

#if defined(DUK_USE_DOUBLE_LINKED_HEAP)
#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
#define DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_PREV(heap,h) \
	((duk_heaphdr *) DUK_USE_HEAPPTR_DEC16((heap)->heap_udata, (h)->h_prev16))
#define DUK_HEAPHDR_SET_PREV(heap,h,val)   do { \
		(h)->h_prev16 = DUK_USE_HEAPPTR_ENC16((heap)->heap_udata, (void *) (val)); \
	} while (0)
#else
#define DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_PREV(heap,h)       ((h)->h_prev)
#define DUK_HEAPHDR_SET_PREV(heap,h,val)   do { \
		(h)->h_prev = (val); \
	} while (0)
#endif
#endif

#if defined(DUK_USE_REFERENCE_COUNTING)
#if defined(DUK_USE_REFCOUNT16)
#define DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_REFCOUNT(h)   ((h)->h_refcount16)
#define DUK_HEAPHDR_SET_REFCOUNT(h,val)  do { \
		(h)->h_refcount16 = (val); \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_HEAPHDR_PREINC_REFCOUNT(h)  (++(h)->h_refcount16)  /* result: updated refcount */
#define DUK_HEAPHDR_PREDEC_REFCOUNT(h)  (--(h)->h_refcount16)  /* result: updated refcount */
#else
#define DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_REFCOUNT(h)   ((h)->h_refcount)
#define DUK_HEAPHDR_SET_REFCOUNT(h,val)  do { \
		(h)->h_refcount = (val); \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_HEAPHDR_PREINC_REFCOUNT(h)  (++(h)->h_refcount)  /* result: updated refcount */
#define DUK_HEAPHDR_PREDEC_REFCOUNT(h)  (--(h)->h_refcount)  /* result: updated refcount */
#endif
#else
/* refcount macros not defined without refcounting, caller must #ifdef now */
#endif  /* DUK_USE_REFERENCE_COUNTING */

/*
 *  Note: type is treated as a field separate from flags, so some masking is
 *  involved in the macros below.
 */

#define DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_FLAGS_RAW(h)  ((h)->h_flags)

#define DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_FLAGS(h)      ((h)->h_flags & DUK_HEAPHDR_FLAGS_FLAG_MASK)
#define DUK_HEAPHDR_SET_FLAGS(h,val)  do { \
		(h)->h_flags = ((h)->h_flags & ~(DUK_HEAPHDR_FLAGS_FLAG_MASK)) | (val); \
	} while (0)

#define DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_TYPE(h)       ((h)->h_flags & DUK_HEAPHDR_FLAGS_TYPE_MASK)
#define DUK_HEAPHDR_SET_TYPE(h,val)   do { \
		(h)->h_flags = ((h)->h_flags & ~(DUK_HEAPHDR_FLAGS_TYPE_MASK)) | (val); \
	} while (0)

#define DUK_HEAPHDR_HTYPE_VALID(h)    ( \
	DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_TYPE((h)) >= DUK_HTYPE_MIN && \
	DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_TYPE((h)) <= DUK_HTYPE_MAX \
	)

#define DUK_HEAPHDR_SET_TYPE_AND_FLAGS(h,tval,fval)  do { \
		(h)->h_flags = ((tval) & DUK_HEAPHDR_FLAGS_TYPE_MASK) | \
		               ((fval) & DUK_HEAPHDR_FLAGS_FLAG_MASK); \
	} while (0)

#define DUK_HEAPHDR_SET_FLAG_BITS(h,bits)  do { \
		DUK_ASSERT(((bits) & ~(DUK_HEAPHDR_FLAGS_FLAG_MASK)) == 0); \
		(h)->h_flags |= (bits); \
	} while (0)

#define DUK_HEAPHDR_CLEAR_FLAG_BITS(h,bits)  do { \
		DUK_ASSERT(((bits) & ~(DUK_HEAPHDR_FLAGS_FLAG_MASK)) == 0); \
		(h)->h_flags &= ~((bits)); \
	} while (0)

#define DUK_HEAPHDR_CHECK_FLAG_BITS(h,bits)  (((h)->h_flags & (bits)) != 0)

#define DUK_HEAPHDR_SET_REACHABLE(h)      DUK_HEAPHDR_SET_FLAG_BITS((h),DUK_HEAPHDR_FLAG_REACHABLE)
#define DUK_HEAPHDR_CLEAR_REACHABLE(h)    DUK_HEAPHDR_CLEAR_FLAG_BITS((h),DUK_HEAPHDR_FLAG_REACHABLE)
#define DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_REACHABLE(h)      DUK_HEAPHDR_CHECK_FLAG_BITS((h),DUK_HEAPHDR_FLAG_REACHABLE)

#define DUK_HEAPHDR_SET_TEMPROOT(h)       DUK_HEAPHDR_SET_FLAG_BITS((h),DUK_HEAPHDR_FLAG_TEMPROOT)
#define DUK_HEAPHDR_CLEAR_TEMPROOT(h)     DUK_HEAPHDR_CLEAR_FLAG_BITS((h),DUK_HEAPHDR_FLAG_TEMPROOT)
#define DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_TEMPROOT(h)       DUK_HEAPHDR_CHECK_FLAG_BITS((h),DUK_HEAPHDR_FLAG_TEMPROOT)

#define DUK_HEAPHDR_SET_FINALIZABLE(h)    DUK_HEAPHDR_SET_FLAG_BITS((h),DUK_HEAPHDR_FLAG_FINALIZABLE)
#define DUK_HEAPHDR_CLEAR_FINALIZABLE(h)  DUK_HEAPHDR_CLEAR_FLAG_BITS((h),DUK_HEAPHDR_FLAG_FINALIZABLE)
#define DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_FINALIZABLE(h)    DUK_HEAPHDR_CHECK_FLAG_BITS((h),DUK_HEAPHDR_FLAG_FINALIZABLE)

#define DUK_HEAPHDR_SET_FINALIZED(h)      DUK_HEAPHDR_SET_FLAG_BITS((h),DUK_HEAPHDR_FLAG_FINALIZED)
#define DUK_HEAPHDR_CLEAR_FINALIZED(h)    DUK_HEAPHDR_CLEAR_FLAG_BITS((h),DUK_HEAPHDR_FLAG_FINALIZED)
#define DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_FINALIZED(h)      DUK_HEAPHDR_CHECK_FLAG_BITS((h),DUK_HEAPHDR_FLAG_FINALIZED)

#define DUK_HEAPHDR_SET_READONLY(h)       DUK_HEAPHDR_SET_FLAG_BITS((h),DUK_HEAPHDR_FLAG_READONLY)
#define DUK_HEAPHDR_CLEAR_READONLY(h)     DUK_HEAPHDR_CLEAR_FLAG_BITS((h),DUK_HEAPHDR_FLAG_READONLY)
#define DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_READONLY(h)       DUK_HEAPHDR_CHECK_FLAG_BITS((h),DUK_HEAPHDR_FLAG_READONLY)

/* get or set a range of flags; m=first bit number, n=number of bits */
#define DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_FLAG_RANGE(h,m,n)  (((h)->h_flags >> (m)) & ((1UL << (n)) - 1UL))

#define DUK_HEAPHDR_SET_FLAG_RANGE(h,m,n,v)  do { \
		(h)->h_flags = \
			((h)->h_flags & (~(((1 << (n)) - 1) << (m)))) \
			| ((v) << (m)); \
	} while (0)

/* init pointer fields to null */
#if defined(DUK_USE_DOUBLE_LINKED_HEAP)
#define DUK_HEAPHDR_INIT_NULLS(h)       do { \
		DUK_HEAPHDR_SET_NEXT((h), (void *) NULL); \
		DUK_HEAPHDR_SET_PREV((h), (void *) NULL); \
	} while (0)
#else
#define DUK_HEAPHDR_INIT_NULLS(h)       do { \
		DUK_HEAPHDR_SET_NEXT((h), (void *) NULL); \
	} while (0)
#endif

#define DUK_HEAPHDR_STRING_INIT_NULLS(h)  /* currently nop */

/*
 *  Assert helpers
 */

/* Check that prev/next links are consistent: if e.g. h->prev is != NULL,
 * h->prev->next should point back to h.
 */
#if defined(DUK_USE_DOUBLE_LINKED_HEAP) && defined(DUK_USE_ASSERTIONS)
#define DUK_ASSERT_HEAPHDR_LINKS(heap,h) do { \
		if ((h) != NULL) { \
			duk_heaphdr *h__prev, *h__next; \
			h__prev = DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_PREV((heap), (h)); \
			h__next = DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_NEXT((heap), (h)); \
			DUK_ASSERT(h__prev == NULL || (DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_NEXT((heap), h__prev) == (h))); \
			DUK_ASSERT(h__next == NULL || (DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_PREV((heap), h__next) == (h))); \
		} \
	} while (0)
#else
#define DUK_ASSERT_HEAPHDR_LINKS(heap,h) do {} while (0)
#endif

/*
 *  Reference counting helper macros.  The macros take a thread argument
 *  and must thus always be executed in a specific thread context.  The
 *  thread argument is needed for features like finalization.  Currently
 *  it is not required for INCREF, but it is included just in case.
 *
 *  Note that 'raw' macros such as DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_REFCOUNT() are not
 *  defined without DUK_USE_REFERENCE_COUNTING, so caller must #ifdef
 *  around them.
 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_REFERENCE_COUNTING)

#if defined(DUK_USE_ROM_OBJECTS)
/* With ROM objects "needs refcount update" is true when the value is
 * heap allocated and is not a ROM object.
 */
/* XXX: double evaluation for 'tv' argument. */
#define DUK_TVAL_NEEDS_REFCOUNT_UPDATE(tv) \
	(DUK_TVAL_IS_HEAP_ALLOCATED((tv)) && !DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_READONLY(DUK_TVAL_GET_HEAPHDR((tv))))
#define DUK_HEAPHDR_NEEDS_REFCOUNT_UPDATE(h)  (!DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_READONLY((h)))
#else  /* DUK_USE_ROM_OBJECTS */
/* Without ROM objects "needs refcount update" == is heap allocated. */
#define DUK_TVAL_NEEDS_REFCOUNT_UPDATE(tv)    DUK_TVAL_IS_HEAP_ALLOCATED((tv))
#define DUK_HEAPHDR_NEEDS_REFCOUNT_UPDATE(h)  1
#endif  /* DUK_USE_ROM_OBJECTS */

/* Fast variants, inline refcount operations except for refzero handling.
 * Can be used explicitly when speed is always more important than size.
 * For a good compiler and a single file build, these are basically the
 * same as a forced inline.
 */
#define DUK_TVAL_INCREF_FAST(thr,tv) do { \
		duk_tval *duk__tv = (tv); \
		DUK_ASSERT(duk__tv != NULL); \
		if (DUK_TVAL_NEEDS_REFCOUNT_UPDATE(duk__tv)) { \
			duk_heaphdr *duk__h = DUK_TVAL_GET_HEAPHDR(duk__tv); \
			DUK_ASSERT(duk__h != NULL); \
			DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HEAPHDR_HTYPE_VALID(duk__h)); \
			DUK_HEAPHDR_PREINC_REFCOUNT(duk__h); \
		} \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_TVAL_DECREF_FAST(thr,tv) do { \
		duk_tval *duk__tv = (tv); \
		DUK_ASSERT(duk__tv != NULL); \
		if (DUK_TVAL_NEEDS_REFCOUNT_UPDATE(duk__tv)) { \
			duk_heaphdr *duk__h = DUK_TVAL_GET_HEAPHDR(duk__tv); \
			DUK_ASSERT(duk__h != NULL); \
			DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HEAPHDR_HTYPE_VALID(duk__h)); \
			DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_REFCOUNT(duk__h) > 0); \
			if (DUK_HEAPHDR_PREDEC_REFCOUNT(duk__h) == 0) { \
				duk_heaphdr_refzero((thr), duk__h); \
			} \
		} \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_HEAPHDR_INCREF_FAST(thr,h) do { \
		duk_heaphdr *duk__h = (duk_heaphdr *) (h); \
		DUK_ASSERT(duk__h != NULL); \
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HEAPHDR_HTYPE_VALID(duk__h)); \
		if (DUK_HEAPHDR_NEEDS_REFCOUNT_UPDATE(duk__h)) { \
			DUK_HEAPHDR_PREINC_REFCOUNT(duk__h); \
		} \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_HEAPHDR_DECREF_FAST(thr,h) do { \
		duk_heaphdr *duk__h = (duk_heaphdr *) (h); \
		DUK_ASSERT(duk__h != NULL); \
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HEAPHDR_HTYPE_VALID(duk__h)); \
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_REFCOUNT(duk__h) > 0); \
		if (DUK_HEAPHDR_NEEDS_REFCOUNT_UPDATE(duk__h)) { \
			if (DUK_HEAPHDR_PREDEC_REFCOUNT(duk__h) == 0) { \
				duk_heaphdr_refzero((thr), duk__h); \
			} \
		} \
	} while (0)

/* Slow variants, call to a helper to reduce code size.
 * Can be used explicitly when size is always more important than speed.
 */
#define DUK_TVAL_INCREF_SLOW(thr,tv) do { \
		duk_tval_incref((tv)); \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_TVAL_DECREF_SLOW(thr,tv) do { \
		duk_tval_decref((thr), (tv)); \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_HEAPHDR_INCREF_SLOW(thr,h) do { \
		duk_heaphdr_incref((duk_heaphdr *) (h)); \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_HEAPHDR_DECREF_SLOW(thr,h) do { \
		duk_heaphdr_decref((thr), (duk_heaphdr *) (h)); \
	} while (0)

/* Default variants.  Selection depends on speed/size preference.
 * Concretely: with gcc 4.8.1 -Os x64 the difference in final binary
 * is about +1kB for _FAST variants.
 */
#if defined(DUK_USE_FAST_REFCOUNT_DEFAULT)
#define DUK_TVAL_INCREF(thr,tv)                DUK_TVAL_INCREF_FAST((thr),(tv))
#define DUK_TVAL_DECREF(thr,tv)                DUK_TVAL_DECREF_FAST((thr),(tv))
#define DUK_HEAPHDR_INCREF(thr,h)              DUK_HEAPHDR_INCREF_FAST((thr),(h))
#define DUK_HEAPHDR_DECREF(thr,h)              DUK_HEAPHDR_DECREF_FAST((thr),(h))
#else
#define DUK_TVAL_INCREF(thr,tv)                DUK_TVAL_INCREF_SLOW((thr),(tv))
#define DUK_TVAL_DECREF(thr,tv)                DUK_TVAL_DECREF_SLOW((thr),(tv))
#define DUK_HEAPHDR_INCREF(thr,h)              DUK_HEAPHDR_INCREF_SLOW((thr),(h))
#define DUK_HEAPHDR_DECREF(thr,h)              DUK_HEAPHDR_DECREF_SLOW((thr),(h))
#endif

/* Casting convenience. */
#define DUK_HSTRING_INCREF(thr,h)              DUK_HEAPHDR_INCREF((thr),(duk_heaphdr *) (h))
#define DUK_HSTRING_DECREF(thr,h)              DUK_HEAPHDR_DECREF((thr),(duk_heaphdr *) (h))
#define DUK_HOBJECT_INCREF(thr,h)              DUK_HEAPHDR_INCREF((thr),(duk_heaphdr *) (h))
#define DUK_HOBJECT_DECREF(thr,h)              DUK_HEAPHDR_DECREF((thr),(duk_heaphdr *) (h))
#define DUK_HBUFFER_INCREF(thr,h)              DUK_HEAPHDR_INCREF((thr),(duk_heaphdr *) (h))
#define DUK_HBUFFER_DECREF(thr,h)              DUK_HEAPHDR_DECREF((thr),(duk_heaphdr *) (h))
#define DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_INCREF(thr,h)    DUK_HEAPHDR_INCREF((thr),(duk_heaphdr *) &(h)->obj)
#define DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_DECREF(thr,h)    DUK_HEAPHDR_DECREF((thr),(duk_heaphdr *) &(h)->obj)
#define DUK_HNATIVEFUNCTION_INCREF(thr,h)      DUK_HEAPHDR_INCREF((thr),(duk_heaphdr *) &(h)->obj)
#define DUK_HNATIVEFUNCTION_DECREF(thr,h)      DUK_HEAPHDR_DECREF((thr),(duk_heaphdr *) &(h)->obj)
#define DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_INCREF(thr,h)        DUK_HEAPHDR_INCREF((thr),(duk_heaphdr *) &(h)->obj)
#define DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_DECREF(thr,h)        DUK_HEAPHDR_DECREF((thr),(duk_heaphdr *) &(h)->obj)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_INCREF(thr,h)              DUK_HEAPHDR_INCREF((thr),(duk_heaphdr *) &(h)->obj)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_DECREF(thr,h)              DUK_HEAPHDR_DECREF((thr),(duk_heaphdr *) &(h)->obj)

/* Convenience for some situations; the above macros don't allow NULLs
 * for performance reasons.
 */
#define DUK_HOBJECT_INCREF_ALLOWNULL(thr,h) do { \
		if ((h) != NULL) { \
			DUK_HEAPHDR_INCREF((thr), (duk_heaphdr *) (h)); \
		} \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_DECREF_ALLOWNULL(thr,h) do { \
		if ((h) != NULL) { \
			DUK_HEAPHDR_DECREF((thr), (duk_heaphdr *) (h)); \
		} \
	} while (0)

/*
 *  Macros to set a duk_tval and update refcount of the target (decref the
 *  old value and incref the new value if necessary).  This is both performance
 *  and footprint critical; any changes made should be measured for size/speed.
 */

#define DUK_TVAL_SET_UNDEFINED_UPDREF_ALT0(thr,tvptr_dst) do { \
		duk_tval *tv__dst; duk_tval tv__tmp; tv__dst = (tvptr_dst); \
		DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL(&tv__tmp, tv__dst); \
		DUK_TVAL_SET_UNDEFINED(tv__dst); \
		DUK_TVAL_DECREF((thr), &tv__tmp);  /* side effects */ \
	} while (0)

#define DUK_TVAL_SET_UNUSED_UPDREF_ALT0(thr,tvptr_dst) do { \
		duk_tval *tv__dst; duk_tval tv__tmp; tv__dst = (tvptr_dst); \
		DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL(&tv__tmp, tv__dst); \
		DUK_TVAL_SET_UNUSED(tv__dst); \
		DUK_TVAL_DECREF((thr), &tv__tmp);  /* side effects */ \
	} while (0)

#define DUK_TVAL_SET_NULL_UPDREF_ALT0(thr,tvptr_dst) do { \
		duk_tval *tv__dst; duk_tval tv__tmp; tv__dst = (tvptr_dst); \
		DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL(&tv__tmp, tv__dst); \
		DUK_TVAL_SET_NULL(tv__dst); \
		DUK_TVAL_DECREF((thr), &tv__tmp);  /* side effects */ \
	} while (0)

#define DUK_TVAL_SET_BOOLEAN_UPDREF_ALT0(thr,tvptr_dst,newval) do { \
		duk_tval *tv__dst; duk_tval tv__tmp; tv__dst = (tvptr_dst); \
		DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL(&tv__tmp, tv__dst); \
		DUK_TVAL_SET_BOOLEAN(tv__dst, (newval)); \
		DUK_TVAL_DECREF((thr), &tv__tmp);  /* side effects */ \
	} while (0)

#define DUK_TVAL_SET_NUMBER_UPDREF_ALT0(thr,tvptr_dst,newval) do { \
		duk_tval *tv__dst; duk_tval tv__tmp; tv__dst = (tvptr_dst); \
		DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL(&tv__tmp, tv__dst); \
		DUK_TVAL_SET_NUMBER(tv__dst, (newval)); \
		DUK_TVAL_DECREF((thr), &tv__tmp);  /* side effects */ \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_NUMBER_CHKFAST_UPDREF_ALT0(thr,tvptr_dst,newval) do { \
		duk_tval *tv__dst; duk_tval tv__tmp; tv__dst = (tvptr_dst); \
		DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL(&tv__tmp, tv__dst); \
		DUK_TVAL_SET_NUMBER_CHKFAST(tv__dst, (newval)); \
		DUK_TVAL_DECREF((thr), &tv__tmp);  /* side effects */ \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_DOUBLE_UPDREF_ALT0(thr,tvptr_dst,newval) do { \
		duk_tval *tv__dst; duk_tval tv__tmp; tv__dst = (tvptr_dst); \
		DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL(&tv__tmp, tv__dst); \
		DUK_TVAL_SET_DOUBLE(tv__dst, (newval)); \
		DUK_TVAL_DECREF((thr), &tv__tmp);  /* side effects */ \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_NAN_UPDREF_ALT0(thr,tvptr_dst) do { \
		duk_tval *tv__dst; duk_tval tv__tmp; tv__dst = (tvptr_dst); \
		DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL(&tv__tmp, tv__dst); \
		DUK_TVAL_SET_NAN(tv__dst); \
		DUK_TVAL_DECREF((thr), &tv__tmp);  /* side effects */ \
	} while (0)
#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_FASTINT_UPDREF_ALT0(thr,tvptr_dst,newval) do { \
		duk_tval *tv__dst; duk_tval tv__tmp; tv__dst = (tvptr_dst); \
		DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL(&tv__tmp, tv__dst); \
		DUK_TVAL_SET_FASTINT(tv__dst, (newval)); \
		DUK_TVAL_DECREF((thr), &tv__tmp);  /* side effects */ \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_FASTINT_I32_UPDREF_ALT0(thr,tvptr_dst,newval) do { \
		duk_tval *tv__dst; duk_tval tv__tmp; tv__dst = (tvptr_dst); \
		DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL(&tv__tmp, tv__dst); \
		DUK_TVAL_SET_FASTINT_I32(tv__dst, (newval)); \
		DUK_TVAL_DECREF((thr), &tv__tmp);  /* side effects */ \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_FASTINT_U32_UPDREF_ALT0(thr,tvptr_dst,newval) do { \
		duk_tval *tv__dst; duk_tval tv__tmp; tv__dst = (tvptr_dst); \
		DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL(&tv__tmp, tv__dst); \
		DUK_TVAL_SET_FASTINT_U32(tv__dst, (newval)); \
		DUK_TVAL_DECREF((thr), &tv__tmp);  /* side effects */ \
	} while (0)
#else
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_DOUBLE_CAST_UPDREF(thr,tvptr_dst,newval) \
	DUK_TVAL_SET_DOUBLE_UPDREF((thr), (tvptr_dst), (duk_double_t) (newval))
#endif  /* DUK_USE_FASTINT */

#define DUK_TVAL_SET_LIGHTFUNC_UPDREF_ALT0(thr,tvptr_dst,lf_v,lf_fp,lf_flags) do { \
		duk_tval *tv__dst; duk_tval tv__tmp; tv__dst = (tvptr_dst); \
		DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL(&tv__tmp, tv__dst); \
		DUK_TVAL_SET_LIGHTFUNC(tv__dst, (lf_v), (lf_fp), (lf_flags)); \
		DUK_TVAL_DECREF((thr), &tv__tmp);  /* side effects */ \
	} while (0)

#define DUK_TVAL_SET_STRING_UPDREF_ALT0(thr,tvptr_dst,newval) do { \
		duk_tval *tv__dst; duk_tval tv__tmp; tv__dst = (tvptr_dst); \
		DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL(&tv__tmp, tv__dst); \
		DUK_TVAL_SET_STRING(tv__dst, (newval)); \
		DUK_HSTRING_INCREF((thr), (newval)); \
		DUK_TVAL_DECREF((thr), &tv__tmp);  /* side effects */ \
	} while (0)

#define DUK_TVAL_SET_OBJECT_UPDREF_ALT0(thr,tvptr_dst,newval) do { \
		duk_tval *tv__dst; duk_tval tv__tmp; tv__dst = (tvptr_dst); \
		DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL(&tv__tmp, tv__dst); \
		DUK_TVAL_SET_OBJECT(tv__dst, (newval)); \
		DUK_HOBJECT_INCREF((thr), (newval)); \
		DUK_TVAL_DECREF((thr), &tv__tmp);  /* side effects */ \
	} while (0)

#define DUK_TVAL_SET_BUFFER_UPDREF_ALT0(thr,tvptr_dst,newval) do { \
		duk_tval *tv__dst; duk_tval tv__tmp; tv__dst = (tvptr_dst); \
		DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL(&tv__tmp, tv__dst); \
		DUK_TVAL_SET_BUFFER(tv__dst, (newval)); \
		DUK_HBUFFER_INCREF((thr), (newval)); \
		DUK_TVAL_DECREF((thr), &tv__tmp);  /* side effects */ \
	} while (0)

#define DUK_TVAL_SET_POINTER_UPDREF_ALT0(thr,tvptr_dst,newval) do { \
		duk_tval *tv__dst; duk_tval tv__tmp; tv__dst = (tvptr_dst); \
		DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL(&tv__tmp, tv__dst); \
		DUK_TVAL_SET_POINTER(tv__dst, (newval)); \
		DUK_TVAL_DECREF((thr), &tv__tmp);  /* side effects */ \
	} while (0)

/* DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL_UPDREF() is used a lot in executor, property lookups,
 * etc, so it's very important for performance.  Measure when changing.
 *
 * NOTE: the source and destination duk_tval pointers may be the same, and
 * the macros MUST deal with that correctly.
 */

/* Original idiom used, minimal code size. */
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL_UPDREF_ALT0(thr,tvptr_dst,tvptr_src) do { \
		duk_tval *tv__dst, *tv__src; duk_tval tv__tmp; \
		tv__dst = (tvptr_dst); tv__src = (tvptr_src); \
		DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL(&tv__tmp, tv__dst); \
		DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL(tv__dst, tv__src); \
		DUK_TVAL_INCREF((thr), tv__src); \
		DUK_TVAL_DECREF((thr), &tv__tmp);  /* side effects */ \
	} while (0)

/* Faster alternative: avoid making a temporary copy of tvptr_dst and use
 * fast incref/decref macros.
 */
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL_UPDREF_ALT1(thr,tvptr_dst,tvptr_src) do { \
		duk_tval *tv__dst, *tv__src; duk_heaphdr *h__obj; \
		tv__dst = (tvptr_dst); tv__src = (tvptr_src); \
		DUK_TVAL_INCREF_FAST((thr), tv__src); \
		if (DUK_TVAL_NEEDS_REFCOUNT_UPDATE(tv__dst)) { \
			h__obj = DUK_TVAL_GET_HEAPHDR(tv__dst); \
			DUK_ASSERT(h__obj != NULL); \
			DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL(tv__dst, tv__src); \
			DUK_HEAPHDR_DECREF_FAST((thr), h__obj);  /* side effects */ \
		} else { \
			DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL(tv__dst, tv__src); \
		} \
	} while (0)

/* XXX: no optimized variants yet */
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_UNDEFINED_UPDREF         DUK_TVAL_SET_UNDEFINED_UPDREF_ALT0
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_UNUSED_UPDREF            DUK_TVAL_SET_UNUSED_UPDREF_ALT0
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_NULL_UPDREF              DUK_TVAL_SET_NULL_UPDREF_ALT0
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_BOOLEAN_UPDREF           DUK_TVAL_SET_BOOLEAN_UPDREF_ALT0
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_NUMBER_UPDREF            DUK_TVAL_SET_NUMBER_UPDREF_ALT0
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_NUMBER_CHKFAST_UPDREF    DUK_TVAL_SET_NUMBER_CHKFAST_UPDREF_ALT0
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_DOUBLE_UPDREF            DUK_TVAL_SET_DOUBLE_UPDREF_ALT0
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_NAN_UPDREF               DUK_TVAL_SET_NAN_UPDREF_ALT0
#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_FASTINT_UPDREF           DUK_TVAL_SET_FASTINT_UPDREF_ALT0
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_FASTINT_I32_UPDREF       DUK_TVAL_SET_FASTINT_I32_UPDREF_ALT0
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_FASTINT_U32_UPDREF       DUK_TVAL_SET_FASTINT_U32_UPDREF_ALT0
#else
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_FASTINT_UPDREF           DUK_TVAL_SET_DOUBLE_CAST_UPDREF  /* XXX: fast int-to-double */
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_FASTINT_I32_UPDREF       DUK_TVAL_SET_DOUBLE_CAST_UPDREF
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_FASTINT_U32_UPDREF       DUK_TVAL_SET_DOUBLE_CAST_UPDREF
#endif  /* DUK_USE_FASTINT */
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_LIGHTFUNC_UPDREF         DUK_TVAL_SET_LIGHTFUNC_UPDREF_ALT0
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_STRING_UPDREF            DUK_TVAL_SET_STRING_UPDREF_ALT0
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_OBJECT_UPDREF            DUK_TVAL_SET_OBJECT_UPDREF_ALT0
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_BUFFER_UPDREF            DUK_TVAL_SET_BUFFER_UPDREF_ALT0
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_POINTER_UPDREF           DUK_TVAL_SET_POINTER_UPDREF_ALT0

#if defined(DUK_USE_FAST_REFCOUNT_DEFAULT)
/* Optimized for speed. */
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL_UPDREF              DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL_UPDREF_ALT1
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL_UPDREF_FAST         DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL_UPDREF_ALT1
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL_UPDREF_SLOW         DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL_UPDREF_ALT0
#else
/* Optimized for size. */
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL_UPDREF              DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL_UPDREF_ALT0
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL_UPDREF_FAST         DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL_UPDREF_ALT0
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL_UPDREF_SLOW         DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL_UPDREF_ALT0
#endif

#else  /* DUK_USE_REFERENCE_COUNTING */

#define DUK_TVAL_INCREF_FAST(thr,v)            do {} while (0) /* nop */
#define DUK_TVAL_DECREF_FAST(thr,v)            do {} while (0) /* nop */
#define DUK_TVAL_INCREF_SLOW(thr,v)            do {} while (0) /* nop */
#define DUK_TVAL_DECREF_SLOW(thr,v)            do {} while (0) /* nop */
#define DUK_TVAL_INCREF(thr,v)                 do {} while (0) /* nop */
#define DUK_TVAL_DECREF(thr,v)                 do {} while (0) /* nop */
#define DUK_HEAPHDR_INCREF_FAST(thr,h)         do {} while (0) /* nop */
#define DUK_HEAPHDR_DECREF_FAST(thr,h)         do {} while (0) /* nop */
#define DUK_HEAPHDR_INCREF_SLOW(thr,h)         do {} while (0) /* nop */
#define DUK_HEAPHDR_DECREF_SLOW(thr,h)         do {} while (0) /* nop */
#define DUK_HEAPHDR_INCREF(thr,h)              do {} while (0) /* nop */
#define DUK_HEAPHDR_DECREF(thr,h)              do {} while (0) /* nop */
#define DUK_HSTRING_INCREF(thr,h)              do {} while (0) /* nop */
#define DUK_HSTRING_DECREF(thr,h)              do {} while (0) /* nop */
#define DUK_HOBJECT_INCREF(thr,h)              do {} while (0) /* nop */
#define DUK_HOBJECT_DECREF(thr,h)              do {} while (0) /* nop */
#define DUK_HBUFFER_INCREF(thr,h)              do {} while (0) /* nop */
#define DUK_HBUFFER_DECREF(thr,h)              do {} while (0) /* nop */
#define DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_INCREF(thr,h)    do {} while (0) /* nop */
#define DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_DECREF(thr,h)    do {} while (0) /* nop */
#define DUK_HNATIVEFUNCTION_INCREF(thr,h)      do {} while (0) /* nop */
#define DUK_HNATIVEFUNCTION_DECREF(thr,h)      do {} while (0) /* nop */
#define DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_INCREF(thr,h)        do {} while (0) /* nop */
#define DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_DECREF(thr,h)        do {} while (0) /* nop */
#define DUK_HTHREAD_INCREF(thr,h)              do {} while (0) /* nop */
#define DUK_HTHREAD_DECREF(thr,h)              do {} while (0) /* nop */
#define DUK_HOBJECT_INCREF_ALLOWNULL(thr,h)    do {} while (0) /* nop */
#define DUK_HOBJECT_DECREF_ALLOWNULL(thr,h)    do {} while (0) /* nop */

#define DUK_TVAL_SET_UNDEFINED_UPDREF_ALT0(thr,tvptr_dst) do { \
		duk_tval *tv__dst; tv__dst = (tvptr_dst); \
		DUK_TVAL_SET_UNDEFINED(tv__dst); \
		DUK_UNREF((thr)); \
	} while (0)

#define DUK_TVAL_SET_UNUSED_UPDREF_ALT0(thr,tvptr_dst) do { \
		duk_tval *tv__dst; tv__dst = (tvptr_dst); \
		DUK_TVAL_SET_UNUSED(tv__dst); \
		DUK_UNREF((thr)); \
	} while (0)

#define DUK_TVAL_SET_NULL_UPDREF_ALT0(thr,tvptr_dst) do { \
		duk_tval *tv__dst; tv__dst = (tvptr_dst); \
		DUK_TVAL_SET_NULL(tv__dst); \
		DUK_UNREF((thr)); \
	} while (0)

#define DUK_TVAL_SET_BOOLEAN_UPDREF_ALT0(thr,tvptr_dst,newval) do { \
		duk_tval *tv__dst; tv__dst = (tvptr_dst); \
		DUK_TVAL_SET_BOOLEAN(tv__dst, (newval)); \
		DUK_UNREF((thr)); \
	} while (0)

#define DUK_TVAL_SET_NUMBER_UPDREF_ALT0(thr,tvptr_dst,newval) do { \
		duk_tval *tv__dst; tv__dst = (tvptr_dst); \
		DUK_TVAL_SET_NUMBER(tv__dst, (newval)); \
		DUK_UNREF((thr)); \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_NUMBER_CHKFAST_UPDREF_ALT0(thr,tvptr_dst,newval) do { \
		duk_tval *tv__dst; tv__dst = (tvptr_dst); \
		DUK_TVAL_SET_NUMBER_CHKFAST(tv__dst, (newval)); \
		DUK_UNREF((thr)); \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_DOUBLE_UPDREF_ALT0(thr,tvptr_dst,newval) do { \
		duk_tval *tv__dst; tv__dst = (tvptr_dst); \
		DUK_TVAL_SET_DOUBLE(tv__dst, (newval)); \
		DUK_UNREF((thr)); \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_NAN_UPDREF_ALT0(thr,tvptr_dst) do { \
		duk_tval *tv__dst; tv__dst = (tvptr_dst); \
		DUK_TVAL_SET_NAN(tv__dst); \
		DUK_UNREF((thr)); \
	} while (0)
#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_FASTINT_UPDREF_ALT0(thr,tvptr_dst,newval) do { \
		duk_tval *tv__dst; tv__dst = (tvptr_dst); \
		DUK_TVAL_SET_FASTINT(tv__dst, (newval)); \
		DUK_UNREF((thr)); \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_FASTINT_I32_UPDREF_ALT0(thr,tvptr_dst,newval) do { \
		duk_tval *tv__dst; tv__dst = (tvptr_dst); \
		DUK_TVAL_SET_FASTINT_I32(tv__dst, (newval)); \
		DUK_UNREF((thr)); \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_FASTINT_U32_UPDREF_ALT0(thr,tvptr_dst,newval) do { \
		duk_tval *tv__dst; tv__dst = (tvptr_dst); \
		DUK_TVAL_SET_FASTINT_U32(tv__dst, (newval)); \
		DUK_UNREF((thr)); \
	} while (0)
#else
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_DOUBLE_CAST_UPDREF(thr,tvptr_dst,newval) \
	DUK_TVAL_SET_DOUBLE_UPDREF((thr), (tvptr_dst), (duk_double_t) (newval))
#endif  /* DUK_USE_FASTINT */

#define DUK_TVAL_SET_LIGHTFUNC_UPDREF_ALT0(thr,tvptr_dst,lf_v,lf_fp,lf_flags) do { \
		duk_tval *tv__dst; tv__dst = (tvptr_dst); \
		DUK_TVAL_SET_LIGHTFUNC(tv__dst, (lf_v), (lf_fp), (lf_flags)); \
		DUK_UNREF((thr)); \
	} while (0)

#define DUK_TVAL_SET_STRING_UPDREF_ALT0(thr,tvptr_dst,newval) do { \
		duk_tval *tv__dst; tv__dst = (tvptr_dst); \
		DUK_TVAL_SET_STRING(tv__dst, (newval)); \
		DUK_UNREF((thr)); \
	} while (0)

#define DUK_TVAL_SET_OBJECT_UPDREF_ALT0(thr,tvptr_dst,newval) do { \
		duk_tval *tv__dst; tv__dst = (tvptr_dst); \
		DUK_TVAL_SET_OBJECT(tv__dst, (newval)); \
		DUK_UNREF((thr)); \
	} while (0)

#define DUK_TVAL_SET_BUFFER_UPDREF_ALT0(thr,tvptr_dst,newval) do { \
		duk_tval *tv__dst; tv__dst = (tvptr_dst); \
		DUK_TVAL_SET_BUFFER(tv__dst, (newval)); \
		DUK_UNREF((thr)); \
	} while (0)

#define DUK_TVAL_SET_POINTER_UPDREF_ALT0(thr,tvptr_dst,newval) do { \
		duk_tval *tv__dst; tv__dst = (tvptr_dst); \
		DUK_TVAL_SET_POINTER(tv__dst, (newval)); \
		DUK_UNREF((thr)); \
	} while (0)

#define DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL_UPDREF_ALT0(thr,tvptr_dst,tvptr_src) do { \
		duk_tval *tv__dst, *tv__src; \
		tv__dst = (tvptr_dst); tv__src = (tvptr_src); \
		DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL(tv__dst, tv__src); \
		DUK_UNREF((thr)); \
	} while (0)

#define DUK_TVAL_SET_UNDEFINED_UPDREF         DUK_TVAL_SET_UNDEFINED_UPDREF_ALT0
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_UNUSED_UPDREF            DUK_TVAL_SET_UNUSED_UPDREF_ALT0
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_NULL_UPDREF              DUK_TVAL_SET_NULL_UPDREF_ALT0
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_BOOLEAN_UPDREF           DUK_TVAL_SET_BOOLEAN_UPDREF_ALT0
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_NUMBER_UPDREF            DUK_TVAL_SET_NUMBER_UPDREF_ALT0
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_NUMBER_CHKFAST_UPDREF    DUK_TVAL_SET_NUMBER_CHKFAST_UPDREF_ALT0
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_DOUBLE_UPDREF            DUK_TVAL_SET_DOUBLE_UPDREF_ALT0
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_NAN_UPDREF               DUK_TVAL_SET_NAN_UPDREF_ALT0
#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_FASTINT_UPDREF           DUK_TVAL_SET_FASTINT_UPDREF_ALT0
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_FASTINT_I32_UPDREF       DUK_TVAL_SET_FASTINT_I32_UPDREF_ALT0
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_FASTINT_U32_UPDREF       DUK_TVAL_SET_FASTINT_U32_UPDREF_ALT0
#else
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_FASTINT_UPDREF           DUK_TVAL_SET_DOUBLE_CAST_UPDREF  /* XXX: fast-int-to-double */
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_FASTINT_I32_UPDREF       DUK_TVAL_SET_DOUBLE_CAST_UPDREF
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_FASTINT_U32_UPDREF       DUK_TVAL_SET_DOUBLE_CAST_UPDREF
#endif  /* DUK_USE_FASTINT */
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_LIGHTFUNC_UPDREF         DUK_TVAL_SET_LIGHTFUNC_UPDREF_ALT0
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_STRING_UPDREF            DUK_TVAL_SET_STRING_UPDREF_ALT0
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_OBJECT_UPDREF            DUK_TVAL_SET_OBJECT_UPDREF_ALT0
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_BUFFER_UPDREF            DUK_TVAL_SET_BUFFER_UPDREF_ALT0
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_POINTER_UPDREF           DUK_TVAL_SET_POINTER_UPDREF_ALT0

#define DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL_UPDREF              DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL_UPDREF_ALT0
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL_UPDREF_FAST         DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL_UPDREF_ALT0
#define DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL_UPDREF_SLOW         DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL_UPDREF_ALT0

#endif  /* DUK_USE_REFERENCE_COUNTING */

#endif  /* DUK_HEAPHDR_H_INCLUDED */
/*
 *  Internal API calls which have (stack and other) semantics similar
 *  to the public API.
 */

#ifndef DUK_API_INTERNAL_H_INCLUDED
#define DUK_API_INTERNAL_H_INCLUDED

/* duk_push_sprintf constants */
#define DUK_PUSH_SPRINTF_INITIAL_SIZE  256L
#define DUK_PUSH_SPRINTF_SANITY_LIMIT  (1L * 1024L * 1024L * 1024L)

/* Flag ORed to err_code to indicate __FILE__ / __LINE__ is not
 * blamed as source of error for error fileName / lineNumber.
 */
#define DUK_ERRCODE_FLAG_NOBLAME_FILELINE  (1L << 24)

/* Valstack resize flags */
#define DUK_VSRESIZE_FLAG_SHRINK           (1 << 0)
#define DUK_VSRESIZE_FLAG_COMPACT          (1 << 1)
#define DUK_VSRESIZE_FLAG_THROW            (1 << 2)

/* Current convention is to use duk_size_t for value stack sizes and global indices,
 * and duk_idx_t for local frame indices.
 */
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL
duk_bool_t duk_valstack_resize_raw(duk_context *ctx,
                                   duk_size_t min_new_size,
                                   duk_small_uint_t flags);

#if defined(DUK_USE_VERBOSE_ERRORS) && defined(DUK_USE_PARANOID_ERRORS)
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_get_type_name(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index);
#endif

DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_tval *duk_get_tval(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_tval *duk_require_tval(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_push_tval(duk_context *ctx, duk_tval *tv);

/* Push the current 'this' binding; throw TypeError if binding is not object
 * coercible (CheckObjectCoercible).
 */
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_push_this_check_object_coercible(duk_context *ctx);

/* duk_push_this() + CheckObjectCoercible() + duk_to_object() */
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_hobject *duk_push_this_coercible_to_object(duk_context *ctx);

/* duk_push_this() + CheckObjectCoercible() + duk_to_string() */
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_hstring *duk_push_this_coercible_to_string(duk_context *ctx);

/* Get a borrowed duk_tval pointer to the current 'this' binding.  Caller must
 * make sure there's an active callstack entry.  Note that the returned pointer
 * is unstable with regards to side effects.
 */
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_tval *duk_get_borrowed_this_tval(duk_context *ctx);

/* XXX: add fastint support? */
#define duk_push_u64(ctx,val) \
	duk_push_number((ctx), (duk_double_t) (val))
#define duk_push_i64(ctx,val) \
	duk_push_number((ctx), (duk_double_t) (val))

/* duk_push_(u)int() is guaranteed to support at least (un)signed 32-bit range */
#define duk_push_u32(ctx,val) \
	duk_push_uint((ctx), (duk_uint_t) (val))
#define duk_push_i32(ctx,val) \
	duk_push_int((ctx), (duk_int_t) (val))

/* sometimes stack and array indices need to go on the stack */
#define duk_push_idx(ctx,val) \
	duk_push_int((ctx), (duk_int_t) (val))
#define duk_push_uarridx(ctx,val) \
	duk_push_uint((ctx), (duk_uint_t) (val))
#define duk_push_size_t(ctx,val) \
	duk_push_uint((ctx), (duk_uint_t) (val))  /* XXX: assumed to fit for now */

DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_hstring *duk_get_hstring(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_hobject *duk_get_hobject(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_hbuffer *duk_get_hbuffer(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_hthread *duk_get_hthread(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_hcompiledfunction *duk_get_hcompiledfunction(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_hnativefunction *duk_get_hnativefunction(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index);

DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_hobject *duk_get_hobject_with_class(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index, duk_small_uint_t classnum);

#if 0  /* This would be pointless: unexpected type and lightfunc would both return NULL */
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_hobject *duk_get_hobject_or_lfunc(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index);
#endif
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_hobject *duk_get_hobject_or_lfunc_coerce(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index);

#if 0  /*unused*/
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void *duk_get_voidptr(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index);
#endif

DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_hstring *duk_to_hstring(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index);
#if defined(DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_SUPPORT)  /* only needed by debugger for now */
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_hstring *duk_safe_to_hstring(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index);
#endif
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_to_object_class_string_top(duk_context *ctx);
#if !defined(DUK_USE_PARANOID_ERRORS)
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_push_hobject_class_string(duk_context *ctx, duk_hobject *h);
#endif

DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_int_t duk_to_int_clamped_raw(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index, duk_int_t minval, duk_int_t maxval, duk_bool_t *out_clamped);  /* out_clamped=NULL, RangeError if outside range */
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_int_t duk_to_int_clamped(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index, duk_int_t minval, duk_int_t maxval);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_int_t duk_to_int_check_range(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index, duk_int_t minval, duk_int_t maxval);
#if defined(DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT)
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_uint8_t duk_to_uint8clamped(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index);
#endif

DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_hstring *duk_require_hstring(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_hobject *duk_require_hobject(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_hbuffer *duk_require_hbuffer(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_hthread *duk_require_hthread(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_hcompiledfunction *duk_require_hcompiledfunction(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_hnativefunction *duk_require_hnativefunction(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index);

DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_hobject *duk_require_hobject_with_class(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index, duk_small_uint_t classnum);

DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_hobject *duk_require_hobject_or_lfunc(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_hobject *duk_require_hobject_or_lfunc_coerce(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index);

DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_push_hstring(duk_context *ctx, duk_hstring *h);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_push_hstring_stridx(duk_context *ctx, duk_small_int_t stridx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_push_hobject(duk_context *ctx, duk_hobject *h);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_push_hbuffer(duk_context *ctx, duk_hbuffer *h);
#define duk_push_hthread(ctx,h) \
	duk_push_hobject((ctx), (duk_hobject *) (h))
#define duk_push_hcompiledfunction(ctx,h) \
	duk_push_hobject((ctx), (duk_hobject *) (h))
#define duk_push_hnativefunction(ctx,h) \
	duk_push_hobject((ctx), (duk_hobject *) (h))
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_push_hobject_bidx(duk_context *ctx, duk_small_int_t builtin_idx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_idx_t duk_push_object_helper(duk_context *ctx, duk_uint_t hobject_flags_and_class, duk_small_int_t prototype_bidx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_idx_t duk_push_object_helper_proto(duk_context *ctx, duk_uint_t hobject_flags_and_class, duk_hobject *proto);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_idx_t duk_push_object_internal(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_idx_t duk_push_compiledfunction(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_push_c_function_noexotic(duk_context *ctx, duk_c_function func, duk_int_t nargs);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_push_c_function_noconstruct_noexotic(duk_context *ctx, duk_c_function func, duk_int_t nargs);

DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_push_string_funcptr(duk_context *ctx, duk_uint8_t *ptr, duk_size_t sz);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_push_lightfunc_name(duk_context *ctx, duk_tval *tv);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_push_lightfunc_tostring(duk_context *ctx, duk_tval *tv);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_hbufferobject *duk_push_bufferobject_raw(duk_context *ctx, duk_uint_t hobject_flags_and_class, duk_small_int_t prototype_bidx);

#if !defined(DUK_USE_PARANOID_ERRORS)
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_push_string_readable(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const char *duk_push_string_tval_readable(duk_context *ctx, duk_tval *tv);
#endif

DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_bool_t duk_get_prop_stridx(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t obj_index, duk_small_int_t stridx);     /* [] -> [val] */
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_bool_t duk_put_prop_stridx(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t obj_index, duk_small_int_t stridx);     /* [val] -> [] */
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_bool_t duk_del_prop_stridx(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t obj_index, duk_small_int_t stridx);     /* [] -> [] */
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_bool_t duk_has_prop_stridx(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t obj_index, duk_small_int_t stridx);     /* [] -> [] */

DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_bool_t duk_get_prop_stridx_boolean(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t obj_index, duk_small_int_t stridx, duk_bool_t *out_has_prop);  /* [] -> [] */

DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_xdef_prop(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t obj_index, duk_small_uint_t desc_flags);  /* [key val] -> [] */
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_xdef_prop_index(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t obj_index, duk_uarridx_t arr_index, duk_small_uint_t desc_flags);  /* [val] -> [] */
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_xdef_prop_stridx(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t obj_index, duk_small_int_t stridx, duk_small_uint_t desc_flags);  /* [val] -> [] */
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_xdef_prop_stridx_builtin(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t obj_index, duk_small_int_t stridx, duk_small_int_t builtin_idx, duk_small_uint_t desc_flags);  /* [] -> [] */
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_xdef_prop_stridx_thrower(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t obj_index, duk_small_int_t stridx, duk_small_uint_t desc_flags);  /* [] -> [] */

/* These are macros for now, but could be separate functions to reduce code
 * footprint (check call site count before refactoring).
 */
#define duk_xdef_prop_wec(ctx,obj_index) \
	duk_xdef_prop((ctx), (obj_index), DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_WEC)
#define duk_xdef_prop_index_wec(ctx,obj_index,arr_index) \
	duk_xdef_prop_index((ctx), (obj_index), (arr_index), DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_WEC)
#define duk_xdef_prop_stridx_wec(ctx,obj_index,stridx) \
	duk_xdef_prop_stridx((ctx), (obj_index), (stridx), DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_WEC)

/* Set object 'length'. */
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_set_length(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index, duk_size_t length);

/* Raw internal valstack access macros: access is unsafe so call site
 * must have a guarantee that the index is valid.  When that is the case,
 * using these macro results in faster and smaller code than duk_get_tval().
 * Both 'ctx' and 'idx' are evaluted multiple times, but only for asserts.
 */
#define DUK_ASSERT_VALID_NEGIDX(ctx,idx) \
	(DUK_ASSERT_EXPR((idx) < 0), DUK_ASSERT_EXPR(duk_is_valid_index((ctx), (idx))))
#define DUK_ASSERT_VALID_POSIDX(ctx,idx) \
	(DUK_ASSERT_EXPR((idx) >= 0), DUK_ASSERT_EXPR(duk_is_valid_index((ctx), (idx))))
#define DUK_GET_TVAL_NEGIDX(ctx,idx) \
	(DUK_ASSERT_VALID_NEGIDX((ctx),(idx)), ((duk_hthread *) (ctx))->valstack_top + (idx))
#define DUK_GET_TVAL_POSIDX(ctx,idx) \
	(DUK_ASSERT_VALID_POSIDX((ctx),(idx)), ((duk_hthread *) (ctx))->valstack_bottom + (idx))
#define DUK_GET_HOBJECT_NEGIDX(ctx,idx) \
	(DUK_ASSERT_VALID_NEGIDX((ctx),(idx)), DUK_TVAL_GET_OBJECT(((duk_hthread *) (ctx))->valstack_top + (idx)))
#define DUK_GET_HOBJECT_POSIDX(ctx,idx) \
	(DUK_ASSERT_VALID_POSIDX((ctx),(idx)), DUK_TVAL_GET_OBJECT(((duk_hthread *) (ctx))->valstack_bottom + (idx)))

#endif  /* DUK_API_INTERNAL_H_INCLUDED */
/*
 *  Heap string representation.
 *
 *  Strings are byte sequences ordinarily stored in extended UTF-8 format,
 *  allowing values larger than the official UTF-8 range (used internally)
 *  and also allowing UTF-8 encoding of surrogate pairs (CESU-8 format).
 *  Strings may also be invalid UTF-8 altogether which is the case e.g. with
 *  strings used as internal property names and raw buffers converted to
 *  strings.  In such cases the 'clen' field contains an inaccurate value.
 *
 *  Ecmascript requires support for 32-bit long strings.  However, since each
 *  16-bit codepoint can take 3 bytes in CESU-8, this representation can only
 *  support about 1.4G codepoint long strings in extreme cases.  This is not
 *  really a practical issue.
 */

#ifndef DUK_HSTRING_H_INCLUDED
#define DUK_HSTRING_H_INCLUDED

/* Impose a maximum string length for now.  Restricted artificially to
 * ensure adding a heap header length won't overflow size_t.  The limit
 * should be synchronized with DUK_HBUFFER_MAX_BYTELEN.
 *
 * E5.1 makes provisions to support strings longer than 4G characters.
 * This limit should be eliminated on 64-bit platforms (and increased
 * closer to maximum support on 32-bit platforms).
 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_STRLEN16)
#define DUK_HSTRING_MAX_BYTELEN                     (0x0000ffffUL)
#else
#define DUK_HSTRING_MAX_BYTELEN                     (0x7fffffffUL)
#endif

/* XXX: could add flags for "is valid CESU-8" (Ecmascript compatible strings),
 * "is valid UTF-8", "is valid extended UTF-8" (internal strings are not,
 * regexp bytecode is), and "contains non-BMP characters".  These are not
 * needed right now.
 */

#define DUK_HSTRING_FLAG_ASCII                      DUK_HEAPHDR_USER_FLAG(0)  /* string is ASCII, clen == blen */
#define DUK_HSTRING_FLAG_ARRIDX                     DUK_HEAPHDR_USER_FLAG(1)  /* string is a valid array index */
#define DUK_HSTRING_FLAG_INTERNAL                   DUK_HEAPHDR_USER_FLAG(2)  /* string is internal */
#define DUK_HSTRING_FLAG_RESERVED_WORD              DUK_HEAPHDR_USER_FLAG(3)  /* string is a reserved word (non-strict) */
#define DUK_HSTRING_FLAG_STRICT_RESERVED_WORD       DUK_HEAPHDR_USER_FLAG(4)  /* string is a reserved word (strict) */
#define DUK_HSTRING_FLAG_EVAL_OR_ARGUMENTS          DUK_HEAPHDR_USER_FLAG(5)  /* string is 'eval' or 'arguments' */
#define DUK_HSTRING_FLAG_EXTDATA                    DUK_HEAPHDR_USER_FLAG(6)  /* string data is external (duk_hstring_external) */

#define DUK_HSTRING_HAS_ASCII(x)                    DUK_HEAPHDR_CHECK_FLAG_BITS(&(x)->hdr, DUK_HSTRING_FLAG_ASCII)
#define DUK_HSTRING_HAS_ARRIDX(x)                   DUK_HEAPHDR_CHECK_FLAG_BITS(&(x)->hdr, DUK_HSTRING_FLAG_ARRIDX)
#define DUK_HSTRING_HAS_INTERNAL(x)                 DUK_HEAPHDR_CHECK_FLAG_BITS(&(x)->hdr, DUK_HSTRING_FLAG_INTERNAL)
#define DUK_HSTRING_HAS_RESERVED_WORD(x)            DUK_HEAPHDR_CHECK_FLAG_BITS(&(x)->hdr, DUK_HSTRING_FLAG_RESERVED_WORD)
#define DUK_HSTRING_HAS_STRICT_RESERVED_WORD(x)     DUK_HEAPHDR_CHECK_FLAG_BITS(&(x)->hdr, DUK_HSTRING_FLAG_STRICT_RESERVED_WORD)
#define DUK_HSTRING_HAS_EVAL_OR_ARGUMENTS(x)        DUK_HEAPHDR_CHECK_FLAG_BITS(&(x)->hdr, DUK_HSTRING_FLAG_EVAL_OR_ARGUMENTS)
#define DUK_HSTRING_HAS_EXTDATA(x)                  DUK_HEAPHDR_CHECK_FLAG_BITS(&(x)->hdr, DUK_HSTRING_FLAG_EXTDATA)

#define DUK_HSTRING_SET_ASCII(x)                    DUK_HEAPHDR_SET_FLAG_BITS(&(x)->hdr, DUK_HSTRING_FLAG_ASCII)
#define DUK_HSTRING_SET_ARRIDX(x)                   DUK_HEAPHDR_SET_FLAG_BITS(&(x)->hdr, DUK_HSTRING_FLAG_ARRIDX)
#define DUK_HSTRING_SET_INTERNAL(x)                 DUK_HEAPHDR_SET_FLAG_BITS(&(x)->hdr, DUK_HSTRING_FLAG_INTERNAL)
#define DUK_HSTRING_SET_RESERVED_WORD(x)            DUK_HEAPHDR_SET_FLAG_BITS(&(x)->hdr, DUK_HSTRING_FLAG_RESERVED_WORD)
#define DUK_HSTRING_SET_STRICT_RESERVED_WORD(x)     DUK_HEAPHDR_SET_FLAG_BITS(&(x)->hdr, DUK_HSTRING_FLAG_STRICT_RESERVED_WORD)
#define DUK_HSTRING_SET_EVAL_OR_ARGUMENTS(x)        DUK_HEAPHDR_SET_FLAG_BITS(&(x)->hdr, DUK_HSTRING_FLAG_EVAL_OR_ARGUMENTS)
#define DUK_HSTRING_SET_EXTDATA(x)                  DUK_HEAPHDR_SET_FLAG_BITS(&(x)->hdr, DUK_HSTRING_FLAG_EXTDATA)

#define DUK_HSTRING_CLEAR_ASCII(x)                  DUK_HEAPHDR_CLEAR_FLAG_BITS(&(x)->hdr, DUK_HSTRING_FLAG_ASCII)
#define DUK_HSTRING_CLEAR_ARRIDX(x)                 DUK_HEAPHDR_CLEAR_FLAG_BITS(&(x)->hdr, DUK_HSTRING_FLAG_ARRIDX)
#define DUK_HSTRING_CLEAR_INTERNAL(x)               DUK_HEAPHDR_CLEAR_FLAG_BITS(&(x)->hdr, DUK_HSTRING_FLAG_INTERNAL)
#define DUK_HSTRING_CLEAR_RESERVED_WORD(x)          DUK_HEAPHDR_CLEAR_FLAG_BITS(&(x)->hdr, DUK_HSTRING_FLAG_RESERVED_WORD)
#define DUK_HSTRING_CLEAR_STRICT_RESERVED_WORD(x)   DUK_HEAPHDR_CLEAR_FLAG_BITS(&(x)->hdr, DUK_HSTRING_FLAG_STRICT_RESERVED_WORD)
#define DUK_HSTRING_CLEAR_EVAL_OR_ARGUMENTS(x)      DUK_HEAPHDR_CLEAR_FLAG_BITS(&(x)->hdr, DUK_HSTRING_FLAG_EVAL_OR_ARGUMENTS)
#define DUK_HSTRING_CLEAR_EXTDATA(x)                DUK_HEAPHDR_CLEAR_FLAG_BITS(&(x)->hdr, DUK_HSTRING_FLAG_EXTDATA)

#if 0  /* Slightly smaller code without explicit flag, but explicit flag
        * is very useful when 'clen' is dropped.
        */
#define DUK_HSTRING_IS_ASCII(x)                     (DUK_HSTRING_GET_BYTELEN((x)) == DUK_HSTRING_GET_CHARLEN((x)))
#endif
#define DUK_HSTRING_IS_ASCII(x)                     DUK_HSTRING_HAS_ASCII((x))
#define DUK_HSTRING_IS_EMPTY(x)                     (DUK_HSTRING_GET_BYTELEN((x)) == 0)

#if defined(DUK_USE_STRHASH16)
#define DUK_HSTRING_GET_HASH(x)                     ((x)->hdr.h_flags >> 16)
#define DUK_HSTRING_SET_HASH(x,v) do { \
		(x)->hdr.h_flags = ((x)->hdr.h_flags & 0x0000ffffUL) | ((v) << 16); \
	} while (0)
#else
#define DUK_HSTRING_GET_HASH(x)                     ((x)->hash)
#define DUK_HSTRING_SET_HASH(x,v) do { \
		(x)->hash = (v); \
	} while (0)
#endif

#if defined(DUK_USE_STRLEN16)
#define DUK_HSTRING_GET_BYTELEN(x)                  ((x)->hdr.h_strextra16)
#define DUK_HSTRING_SET_BYTELEN(x,v) do { \
		(x)->hdr.h_strextra16 = (v); \
	} while (0)
#if defined(DUK_USE_HSTRING_CLEN)
#define DUK_HSTRING_GET_CHARLEN(x)                  ((x)->clen16)
#define DUK_HSTRING_SET_CHARLEN(x,v) do { \
		(x)->clen16 = (v); \
	} while (0)
#else
#define DUK_HSTRING_GET_CHARLEN(x)                  duk_hstring_get_charlen((x))
#define DUK_HSTRING_SET_CHARLEN(x,v) do { \
		DUK_ASSERT(0);  /* should never be called */ \
	} while (0)
#endif
#else
#define DUK_HSTRING_GET_BYTELEN(x)                  ((x)->blen)
#define DUK_HSTRING_SET_BYTELEN(x,v) do { \
		(x)->blen = (v); \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_HSTRING_GET_CHARLEN(x)                  ((x)->clen)
#define DUK_HSTRING_SET_CHARLEN(x,v) do { \
		(x)->clen = (v); \
	} while (0)
#endif

#if defined(DUK_USE_HSTRING_EXTDATA)
#define DUK_HSTRING_GET_EXTDATA(x) \
	((x)->extdata)
#define DUK_HSTRING_GET_DATA(x) \
	(DUK_HSTRING_HAS_EXTDATA((x)) ? \
		DUK_HSTRING_GET_EXTDATA((const duk_hstring_external *) (x)) : ((const duk_uint8_t *) ((x) + 1)))
#else
#define DUK_HSTRING_GET_DATA(x) \
	((const duk_uint8_t *) ((x) + 1))
#endif

#define DUK_HSTRING_GET_DATA_END(x) \
	(DUK_HSTRING_GET_DATA((x)) + (x)->blen)

/* marker value; in E5 2^32-1 is not a valid array index (2^32-2 is highest valid) */
#define DUK_HSTRING_NO_ARRAY_INDEX  (0xffffffffUL)

/* get array index related to string (or return DUK_HSTRING_NO_ARRAY_INDEX);
 * avoids helper call if string has no array index value.
 */
#define DUK_HSTRING_GET_ARRIDX_FAST(h)  \
	(DUK_HSTRING_HAS_ARRIDX((h)) ? duk_js_to_arrayindex_string_helper((h)) : DUK_HSTRING_NO_ARRAY_INDEX)

/* slower but more compact variant */
#define DUK_HSTRING_GET_ARRIDX_SLOW(h)  \
	(duk_js_to_arrayindex_string_helper((h)))

/*
 *  Misc
 */

struct duk_hstring {
	/* Smaller heaphdr than for other objects, because strings are held
	 * in string intern table which requires no link pointers.  Much of
	 * the 32-bit flags field is unused by flags, so we can stuff a 16-bit
	 * field in there.
	 */
	duk_heaphdr_string hdr;

	/* Note: we could try to stuff a partial hash (e.g. 16 bits) into the
	 * shared heap header.  Good hashing needs more hash bits though.
	 */

	/* string hash */
#if defined(DUK_USE_STRHASH16)
	/* If 16-bit hash is in use, stuff it into duk_heaphdr_string flags. */
#else
	duk_uint32_t hash;
#endif

	/* length in bytes (not counting NUL term) */
#if defined(DUK_USE_STRLEN16)
	/* placed in duk_heaphdr_string */
#else
	duk_uint32_t blen;
#endif

	/* length in codepoints (must be E5 compatible) */
#if defined(DUK_USE_STRLEN16)
#if defined(DUK_USE_HSTRING_CLEN)
	duk_uint16_t clen16;
#else
	/* computed live */
#endif
#else
	duk_uint32_t clen;
#endif

	/*
	 *  String value of 'blen+1' bytes follows (+1 for NUL termination
	 *  convenience for C API).  No alignment needs to be guaranteed
	 *  for strings, but fields above should guarantee alignment-by-4
	 *  (but not alignment-by-8).
	 */
};

/* The external string struct is defined even when the feature is inactive. */
struct duk_hstring_external {
	duk_hstring str;

	/*
	 *  For an external string, the NUL-terminated string data is stored
	 *  externally.  The user must guarantee that data behind this pointer
	 *  doesn't change while it's used.
	 */

	const duk_uint8_t *extdata;
};

/*
 *  Prototypes
 */

DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ucodepoint_t duk_hstring_char_code_at_raw(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hstring *h, duk_uint_t pos);

#if !defined(DUK_USE_HSTRING_CLEN)
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_size_t duk_hstring_get_charlen(duk_hstring *h);
#endif

#endif  /* DUK_HSTRING_H_INCLUDED */
/*
 *  Heap object representation.
 *
 *  Heap objects are used for Ecmascript objects, arrays, and functions,
 *  but also for internal control like declarative and object environment
 *  records.  Compiled functions, native functions, and threads are also
 *  objects but with an extended C struct.
 *
 *  Objects provide the required Ecmascript semantics and exotic behaviors
 *  especially for property access.
 *
 *  Properties are stored in three conceptual parts:
 *
 *    1. A linear 'entry part' contains ordered key-value-attributes triples
 *       and is the main method of string properties.
 *
 *    2. An optional linear 'array part' is used for array objects to store a
 *       (dense) range of [0,N[ array indexed entries with default attributes
 *       (writable, enumerable, configurable).  If the array part would become
 *       sparse or non-default attributes are required, the array part is
 *       abandoned and moved to the 'entry part'.
 *
 *    3. An optional 'hash part' is used to optimize lookups of the entry
 *       part; it is used only for objects with sufficiently many properties
 *       and can be abandoned without loss of information.
 *
 *  These three conceptual parts are stored in a single memory allocated area.
 *  This minimizes memory allocation overhead but also means that all three
 *  parts are resized together, and makes property access a bit complicated.
 */

#ifndef DUK_HOBJECT_H_INCLUDED
#define DUK_HOBJECT_H_INCLUDED

/* Object flag.  There are currently 26 flag bits available.  Make sure
 * this stays in sync with debugger object inspection code.
 */
#define DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXTENSIBLE            DUK_HEAPHDR_USER_FLAG(0)   /* object is extensible */
#define DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_CONSTRUCTABLE         DUK_HEAPHDR_USER_FLAG(1)   /* object is constructable */
#define DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_BOUND                 DUK_HEAPHDR_USER_FLAG(2)   /* object established using Function.prototype.bind() */
#define DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_COMPILEDFUNCTION      DUK_HEAPHDR_USER_FLAG(4)   /* object is a compiled function (duk_hcompiledfunction) */
#define DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_NATIVEFUNCTION        DUK_HEAPHDR_USER_FLAG(5)   /* object is a native function (duk_hnativefunction) */
#define DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_BUFFEROBJECT          DUK_HEAPHDR_USER_FLAG(6)   /* object is a buffer object (duk_hbufferobject) (always exotic) */
#define DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_THREAD                DUK_HEAPHDR_USER_FLAG(7)   /* object is a thread (duk_hthread) */
#define DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_ARRAY_PART            DUK_HEAPHDR_USER_FLAG(8)   /* object has an array part (a_size may still be 0) */
#define DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_STRICT                DUK_HEAPHDR_USER_FLAG(9)   /* function: function object is strict */
#define DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_NOTAIL                DUK_HEAPHDR_USER_FLAG(10)  /* function: function must not be tail called */
#define DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_NEWENV                DUK_HEAPHDR_USER_FLAG(11)  /* function: create new environment when called (see duk_hcompiledfunction) */
#define DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_NAMEBINDING           DUK_HEAPHDR_USER_FLAG(12)  /* function: create binding for func name (function templates only, used for named function expressions) */
#define DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_CREATEARGS            DUK_HEAPHDR_USER_FLAG(13)  /* function: create an arguments object on function call */
#define DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_ENVRECCLOSED          DUK_HEAPHDR_USER_FLAG(14)  /* envrec: (declarative) record is closed */
#define DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXOTIC_ARRAY          DUK_HEAPHDR_USER_FLAG(15)  /* 'Array' object, array length and index exotic behavior */
#define DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXOTIC_STRINGOBJ      DUK_HEAPHDR_USER_FLAG(16)  /* 'String' object, array index exotic behavior */
#define DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXOTIC_ARGUMENTS      DUK_HEAPHDR_USER_FLAG(17)  /* 'Arguments' object and has arguments exotic behavior (non-strict callee) */
#define DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXOTIC_DUKFUNC        DUK_HEAPHDR_USER_FLAG(18)  /* Duktape/C (nativefunction) object, exotic 'length' */
#define DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXOTIC_PROXYOBJ       DUK_HEAPHDR_USER_FLAG(19)  /* 'Proxy' object */

#define DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_CLASS_BASE            DUK_HEAPHDR_USER_FLAG_NUMBER(20)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_CLASS_BITS            5

#define DUK_HOBJECT_GET_CLASS_NUMBER(h)        \
	DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_FLAG_RANGE(&(h)->hdr, DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_CLASS_BASE, DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_CLASS_BITS)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_SET_CLASS_NUMBER(h,v)      \
	DUK_HEAPHDR_SET_FLAG_RANGE(&(h)->hdr, DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_CLASS_BASE, DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_CLASS_BITS, (v))

#define DUK_HOBJECT_GET_CLASS_MASK(h)          \
	(1UL << DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_FLAG_RANGE(&(h)->hdr, DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_CLASS_BASE, DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_CLASS_BITS))

/* Macro for creating flag initializer from a class number.
 * Unsigned type cast is needed to avoid warnings about coercing
 * a signed integer to an unsigned one; the largest class values
 * have the highest bit (bit 31) set which causes this.
 */
#define DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_AS_FLAGS(v)          (((duk_uint_t) (v)) << DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_CLASS_BASE)

/* E5 Section 8.6.2 + custom classes */
#define DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_UNUSED               0
#define DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_ARGUMENTS            1
#define DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_ARRAY                2
#define DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_BOOLEAN              3
#define DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_DATE                 4
#define DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_ERROR                5
#define DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_FUNCTION             6
#define DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_JSON                 7
#define DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_MATH                 8
#define DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_NUMBER               9
#define DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_OBJECT               10
#define DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_REGEXP               11
#define DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_STRING               12
#define DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_GLOBAL               13
#define DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_OBJENV               14  /* custom */
#define DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_DECENV               15  /* custom */
#define DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_BUFFER               16  /* custom; implies DUK_HOBJECT_IS_BUFFEROBJECT */
#define DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_POINTER              17  /* custom */
#define DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_THREAD               18  /* custom; implies DUK_HOBJECT_IS_THREAD */
#define DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_ARRAYBUFFER          19  /* implies DUK_HOBJECT_IS_BUFFEROBJECT */
#define DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_DATAVIEW             20
#define DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_INT8ARRAY            21
#define DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_UINT8ARRAY           22
#define DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_UINT8CLAMPEDARRAY    23
#define DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_INT16ARRAY           24
#define DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_UINT16ARRAY          25
#define DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_INT32ARRAY           26
#define DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_UINT32ARRAY          27
#define DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_FLOAT32ARRAY         28
#define DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_FLOAT64ARRAY         29
#define DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_MAX                  29

/* class masks */
#define DUK_HOBJECT_CMASK_ALL                  ((1UL << (DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_MAX + 1)) - 1UL)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_CMASK_UNUSED               (1UL << DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_UNUSED)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_CMASK_ARGUMENTS            (1UL << DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_ARGUMENTS)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_CMASK_ARRAY                (1UL << DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_ARRAY)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_CMASK_BOOLEAN              (1UL << DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_BOOLEAN)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_CMASK_DATE                 (1UL << DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_DATE)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_CMASK_ERROR                (1UL << DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_ERROR)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_CMASK_FUNCTION             (1UL << DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_FUNCTION)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_CMASK_JSON                 (1UL << DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_JSON)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_CMASK_MATH                 (1UL << DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_MATH)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_CMASK_NUMBER               (1UL << DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_NUMBER)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_CMASK_OBJECT               (1UL << DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_OBJECT)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_CMASK_REGEXP               (1UL << DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_REGEXP)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_CMASK_STRING               (1UL << DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_STRING)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_CMASK_GLOBAL               (1UL << DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_GLOBAL)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_CMASK_OBJENV               (1UL << DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_OBJENV)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_CMASK_DECENV               (1UL << DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_DECENV)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_CMASK_BUFFER               (1UL << DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_BUFFER)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_CMASK_POINTER              (1UL << DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_POINTER)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_CMASK_THREAD               (1UL << DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_THREAD)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_CMASK_ARRAYBUFFER          (1UL << DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_ARRAYBUFFER)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_CMASK_DATAVIEW             (1UL << DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_DATAVIEW)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_CMASK_INT8ARRAY            (1UL << DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_INT8ARRAY)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_CMASK_UINT8ARRAY           (1UL << DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_UINT8ARRAY)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_CMASK_UINT8CLAMPEDARRAY    (1UL << DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_UINT8CLAMPEDARRAY)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_CMASK_INT16ARRAY           (1UL << DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_INT16ARRAY)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_CMASK_UINT16ARRAY          (1UL << DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_UINT16ARRAY)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_CMASK_INT32ARRAY           (1UL << DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_INT32ARRAY)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_CMASK_UINT32ARRAY          (1UL << DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_UINT32ARRAY)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_CMASK_FLOAT32ARRAY         (1UL << DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_FLOAT32ARRAY)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_CMASK_FLOAT64ARRAY         (1UL << DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_FLOAT64ARRAY)

#define DUK_HOBJECT_CMASK_ALL_BUFFEROBJECTS \
	(DUK_HOBJECT_CMASK_BUFFER | \
	 DUK_HOBJECT_CMASK_ARRAYBUFFER | \
	 DUK_HOBJECT_CMASK_DATAVIEW | \
	 DUK_HOBJECT_CMASK_INT8ARRAY | \
	 DUK_HOBJECT_CMASK_UINT8ARRAY | \
	 DUK_HOBJECT_CMASK_UINT8CLAMPEDARRAY | \
	 DUK_HOBJECT_CMASK_INT16ARRAY | \
	 DUK_HOBJECT_CMASK_UINT16ARRAY | \
	 DUK_HOBJECT_CMASK_INT32ARRAY | \
	 DUK_HOBJECT_CMASK_UINT32ARRAY | \
	 DUK_HOBJECT_CMASK_FLOAT32ARRAY | \
	 DUK_HOBJECT_CMASK_FLOAT64ARRAY)

#define DUK_HOBJECT_IS_OBJENV(h)               (DUK_HOBJECT_GET_CLASS_NUMBER((h)) == DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_OBJENV)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_IS_DECENV(h)               (DUK_HOBJECT_GET_CLASS_NUMBER((h)) == DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_DECENV)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_IS_ENV(h)                  (DUK_HOBJECT_IS_OBJENV((h)) || DUK_HOBJECT_IS_DECENV((h)))
#define DUK_HOBJECT_IS_ARRAY(h)                (DUK_HOBJECT_GET_CLASS_NUMBER((h)) == DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_ARRAY)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_IS_COMPILEDFUNCTION(h)     DUK_HEAPHDR_CHECK_FLAG_BITS(&(h)->hdr, DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_COMPILEDFUNCTION)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_IS_NATIVEFUNCTION(h)       DUK_HEAPHDR_CHECK_FLAG_BITS(&(h)->hdr, DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_NATIVEFUNCTION)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_IS_BUFFEROBJECT(h)         DUK_HEAPHDR_CHECK_FLAG_BITS(&(h)->hdr, DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_BUFFEROBJECT)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_IS_THREAD(h)               DUK_HEAPHDR_CHECK_FLAG_BITS(&(h)->hdr, DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_THREAD)

#define DUK_HOBJECT_IS_NONBOUND_FUNCTION(h)    DUK_HEAPHDR_CHECK_FLAG_BITS(&(h)->hdr, \
                                                        DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_COMPILEDFUNCTION | \
                                                        DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_NATIVEFUNCTION)

#define DUK_HOBJECT_IS_FUNCTION(h)             DUK_HEAPHDR_CHECK_FLAG_BITS(&(h)->hdr, \
                                                        DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_BOUND | \
                                                        DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_COMPILEDFUNCTION | \
                                                        DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_NATIVEFUNCTION)

#define DUK_HOBJECT_IS_CALLABLE(h)             DUK_HEAPHDR_CHECK_FLAG_BITS(&(h)->hdr, \
                                                        DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_BOUND | \
                                                        DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_COMPILEDFUNCTION | \
                                                        DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_NATIVEFUNCTION)

/* object has any exotic behavior(s) */
#define DUK_HOBJECT_EXOTIC_BEHAVIOR_FLAGS      (DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXOTIC_ARRAY | \
                                                DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXOTIC_ARGUMENTS | \
                                                DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXOTIC_STRINGOBJ | \
                                                DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXOTIC_DUKFUNC | \
                                                DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_BUFFEROBJECT | \
                                                DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXOTIC_PROXYOBJ)

#define DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_BEHAVIOR(h)     DUK_HEAPHDR_CHECK_FLAG_BITS(&(h)->hdr, DUK_HOBJECT_EXOTIC_BEHAVIOR_FLAGS)

#define DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXTENSIBLE(h)          DUK_HEAPHDR_CHECK_FLAG_BITS(&(h)->hdr, DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXTENSIBLE)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_CONSTRUCTABLE(h)       DUK_HEAPHDR_CHECK_FLAG_BITS(&(h)->hdr, DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_CONSTRUCTABLE)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_BOUND(h)               DUK_HEAPHDR_CHECK_FLAG_BITS(&(h)->hdr, DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_BOUND)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_COMPILEDFUNCTION(h)    DUK_HEAPHDR_CHECK_FLAG_BITS(&(h)->hdr, DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_COMPILEDFUNCTION)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_NATIVEFUNCTION(h)      DUK_HEAPHDR_CHECK_FLAG_BITS(&(h)->hdr, DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_NATIVEFUNCTION)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_BUFFEROBJECT(h)        DUK_HEAPHDR_CHECK_FLAG_BITS(&(h)->hdr, DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_BUFFEROBJECT)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_THREAD(h)              DUK_HEAPHDR_CHECK_FLAG_BITS(&(h)->hdr, DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_THREAD)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_ARRAY_PART(h)          DUK_HEAPHDR_CHECK_FLAG_BITS(&(h)->hdr, DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_ARRAY_PART)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_STRICT(h)              DUK_HEAPHDR_CHECK_FLAG_BITS(&(h)->hdr, DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_STRICT)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_NOTAIL(h)              DUK_HEAPHDR_CHECK_FLAG_BITS(&(h)->hdr, DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_NOTAIL)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_NEWENV(h)              DUK_HEAPHDR_CHECK_FLAG_BITS(&(h)->hdr, DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_NEWENV)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_NAMEBINDING(h)         DUK_HEAPHDR_CHECK_FLAG_BITS(&(h)->hdr, DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_NAMEBINDING)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_CREATEARGS(h)          DUK_HEAPHDR_CHECK_FLAG_BITS(&(h)->hdr, DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_CREATEARGS)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_ENVRECCLOSED(h)        DUK_HEAPHDR_CHECK_FLAG_BITS(&(h)->hdr, DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_ENVRECCLOSED)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_ARRAY(h)        DUK_HEAPHDR_CHECK_FLAG_BITS(&(h)->hdr, DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXOTIC_ARRAY)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_STRINGOBJ(h)    DUK_HEAPHDR_CHECK_FLAG_BITS(&(h)->hdr, DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXOTIC_STRINGOBJ)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_ARGUMENTS(h)    DUK_HEAPHDR_CHECK_FLAG_BITS(&(h)->hdr, DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXOTIC_ARGUMENTS)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_DUKFUNC(h)      DUK_HEAPHDR_CHECK_FLAG_BITS(&(h)->hdr, DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXOTIC_DUKFUNC)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_PROXYOBJ(h)     DUK_HEAPHDR_CHECK_FLAG_BITS(&(h)->hdr, DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXOTIC_PROXYOBJ)

#define DUK_HOBJECT_SET_EXTENSIBLE(h)          DUK_HEAPHDR_SET_FLAG_BITS(&(h)->hdr, DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXTENSIBLE)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_SET_CONSTRUCTABLE(h)       DUK_HEAPHDR_SET_FLAG_BITS(&(h)->hdr, DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_CONSTRUCTABLE)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_SET_BOUND(h)               DUK_HEAPHDR_SET_FLAG_BITS(&(h)->hdr, DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_BOUND)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_SET_COMPILEDFUNCTION(h)    DUK_HEAPHDR_SET_FLAG_BITS(&(h)->hdr, DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_COMPILEDFUNCTION)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_SET_NATIVEFUNCTION(h)      DUK_HEAPHDR_SET_FLAG_BITS(&(h)->hdr, DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_NATIVEFUNCTION)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_SET_BUFFEROBJECT(h)        DUK_HEAPHDR_SET_FLAG_BITS(&(h)->hdr, DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_BUFFEROBJECT)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_SET_THREAD(h)              DUK_HEAPHDR_SET_FLAG_BITS(&(h)->hdr, DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_THREAD)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_SET_ARRAY_PART(h)          DUK_HEAPHDR_SET_FLAG_BITS(&(h)->hdr, DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_ARRAY_PART)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_SET_STRICT(h)              DUK_HEAPHDR_SET_FLAG_BITS(&(h)->hdr, DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_STRICT)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_SET_NOTAIL(h)              DUK_HEAPHDR_SET_FLAG_BITS(&(h)->hdr, DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_NOTAIL)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_SET_NEWENV(h)              DUK_HEAPHDR_SET_FLAG_BITS(&(h)->hdr, DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_NEWENV)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_SET_NAMEBINDING(h)         DUK_HEAPHDR_SET_FLAG_BITS(&(h)->hdr, DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_NAMEBINDING)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_SET_CREATEARGS(h)          DUK_HEAPHDR_SET_FLAG_BITS(&(h)->hdr, DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_CREATEARGS)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_SET_ENVRECCLOSED(h)        DUK_HEAPHDR_SET_FLAG_BITS(&(h)->hdr, DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_ENVRECCLOSED)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_SET_EXOTIC_ARRAY(h)        DUK_HEAPHDR_SET_FLAG_BITS(&(h)->hdr, DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXOTIC_ARRAY)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_SET_EXOTIC_STRINGOBJ(h)    DUK_HEAPHDR_SET_FLAG_BITS(&(h)->hdr, DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXOTIC_STRINGOBJ)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_SET_EXOTIC_ARGUMENTS(h)    DUK_HEAPHDR_SET_FLAG_BITS(&(h)->hdr, DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXOTIC_ARGUMENTS)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_SET_EXOTIC_DUKFUNC(h)      DUK_HEAPHDR_SET_FLAG_BITS(&(h)->hdr, DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXOTIC_DUKFUNC)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_SET_EXOTIC_PROXYOBJ(h)     DUK_HEAPHDR_SET_FLAG_BITS(&(h)->hdr, DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXOTIC_PROXYOBJ)

#define DUK_HOBJECT_CLEAR_EXTENSIBLE(h)        DUK_HEAPHDR_CLEAR_FLAG_BITS(&(h)->hdr, DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXTENSIBLE)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_CLEAR_CONSTRUCTABLE(h)     DUK_HEAPHDR_CLEAR_FLAG_BITS(&(h)->hdr, DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_CONSTRUCTABLE)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_CLEAR_BOUND(h)             DUK_HEAPHDR_CLEAR_FLAG_BITS(&(h)->hdr, DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_BOUND)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_CLEAR_COMPILEDFUNCTION(h)  DUK_HEAPHDR_CLEAR_FLAG_BITS(&(h)->hdr, DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_COMPILEDFUNCTION)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_CLEAR_NATIVEFUNCTION(h)    DUK_HEAPHDR_CLEAR_FLAG_BITS(&(h)->hdr, DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_NATIVEFUNCTION)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_CLEAR_BUFFEROBJECT(h)      DUK_HEAPHDR_CLEAR_FLAG_BITS(&(h)->hdr, DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_BUFFEROBJECT)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_CLEAR_THREAD(h)            DUK_HEAPHDR_CLEAR_FLAG_BITS(&(h)->hdr, DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_THREAD)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_CLEAR_ARRAY_PART(h)        DUK_HEAPHDR_CLEAR_FLAG_BITS(&(h)->hdr, DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_ARRAY_PART)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_CLEAR_STRICT(h)            DUK_HEAPHDR_CLEAR_FLAG_BITS(&(h)->hdr, DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_STRICT)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_CLEAR_NOTAIL(h)            DUK_HEAPHDR_CLEAR_FLAG_BITS(&(h)->hdr, DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_NOTAIL)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_CLEAR_NEWENV(h)            DUK_HEAPHDR_CLEAR_FLAG_BITS(&(h)->hdr, DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_NEWENV)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_CLEAR_NAMEBINDING(h)       DUK_HEAPHDR_CLEAR_FLAG_BITS(&(h)->hdr, DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_NAMEBINDING)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_CLEAR_CREATEARGS(h)        DUK_HEAPHDR_CLEAR_FLAG_BITS(&(h)->hdr, DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_CREATEARGS)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_CLEAR_ENVRECCLOSED(h)      DUK_HEAPHDR_CLEAR_FLAG_BITS(&(h)->hdr, DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_ENVRECCLOSED)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_CLEAR_EXOTIC_ARRAY(h)      DUK_HEAPHDR_CLEAR_FLAG_BITS(&(h)->hdr, DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXOTIC_ARRAY)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_CLEAR_EXOTIC_STRINGOBJ(h)  DUK_HEAPHDR_CLEAR_FLAG_BITS(&(h)->hdr, DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXOTIC_STRINGOBJ)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_CLEAR_EXOTIC_ARGUMENTS(h)  DUK_HEAPHDR_CLEAR_FLAG_BITS(&(h)->hdr, DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXOTIC_ARGUMENTS)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_CLEAR_EXOTIC_DUKFUNC(h)    DUK_HEAPHDR_CLEAR_FLAG_BITS(&(h)->hdr, DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXOTIC_DUKFUNC)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_CLEAR_EXOTIC_PROXYOBJ(h)   DUK_HEAPHDR_CLEAR_FLAG_BITS(&(h)->hdr, DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXOTIC_PROXYOBJ)

/* flags used for property attributes in duk_propdesc and packed flags */
#define DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_WRITABLE              (1 << 0)    /* E5 Section 8.6.1 */
#define DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_ENUMERABLE            (1 << 1)    /* E5 Section 8.6.1 */
#define DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_CONFIGURABLE          (1 << 2)    /* E5 Section 8.6.1 */
#define DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_ACCESSOR              (1 << 3)    /* accessor */
#define DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_VIRTUAL               (1 << 4)    /* property is virtual: used in duk_propdesc, never stored
                                                             * (used by e.g. buffer virtual properties)
                                                             */
#define DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_MASK                 (DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_WRITABLE | \
                                                 DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_ENUMERABLE | \
                                                 DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_CONFIGURABLE | \
                                                 DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_ACCESSOR)

/* additional flags which are passed in the same flags argument as property
 * flags but are not stored in object properties.
 */
#define DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_NO_OVERWRITE          (1 << 4)    /* internal define property: skip write silently if exists */

/* convenience */
#define DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_NONE                 0
#define DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_W                    (DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_WRITABLE)
#define DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_E                    (DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_ENUMERABLE)
#define DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_C                    (DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_CONFIGURABLE)
#define DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_WE                   (DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_WRITABLE | DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_ENUMERABLE)
#define DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_WC                   (DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_WRITABLE | DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_CONFIGURABLE)
#define DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_EC                   (DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_ENUMERABLE | DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_CONFIGURABLE)
#define DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_WEC                  (DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_WRITABLE | \
                                                 DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_ENUMERABLE | \
                                                 DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_CONFIGURABLE)

/* flags for duk_hobject_get_own_propdesc() and variants */
#define DUK_GETDESC_FLAG_PUSH_VALUE          (1 << 0)  /* push value to stack */
#define DUK_GETDESC_FLAG_IGNORE_PROTOLOOP    (1 << 1)  /* don't throw for prototype loop */

/*
 *  Macro for object validity check
 *
 *  Assert for currently guaranteed relations between flags, for instance.
 */

#define DUK_ASSERT_HOBJECT_VALID(h) do { \
		DUK_ASSERT((h) != NULL); \
		DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HOBJECT_IS_CALLABLE((h)) || \
		           DUK_HOBJECT_GET_CLASS_NUMBER((h)) == DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_FUNCTION); \
		DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HOBJECT_IS_BUFFEROBJECT((h)) || \
		           (DUK_HOBJECT_GET_CLASS_NUMBER((h)) == DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_BUFFER || \
		            DUK_HOBJECT_GET_CLASS_NUMBER((h)) == DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_ARRAYBUFFER || \
		            DUK_HOBJECT_GET_CLASS_NUMBER((h)) == DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_DATAVIEW || \
		            DUK_HOBJECT_GET_CLASS_NUMBER((h)) == DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_INT8ARRAY || \
		            DUK_HOBJECT_GET_CLASS_NUMBER((h)) == DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_UINT8ARRAY || \
		            DUK_HOBJECT_GET_CLASS_NUMBER((h)) == DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_UINT8CLAMPEDARRAY || \
		            DUK_HOBJECT_GET_CLASS_NUMBER((h)) == DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_INT16ARRAY || \
		            DUK_HOBJECT_GET_CLASS_NUMBER((h)) == DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_UINT16ARRAY || \
		            DUK_HOBJECT_GET_CLASS_NUMBER((h)) == DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_INT32ARRAY || \
		            DUK_HOBJECT_GET_CLASS_NUMBER((h)) == DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_UINT32ARRAY || \
		            DUK_HOBJECT_GET_CLASS_NUMBER((h)) == DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_FLOAT32ARRAY || \
		            DUK_HOBJECT_GET_CLASS_NUMBER((h)) == DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_FLOAT64ARRAY)); \
	} while (0)

/*
 *  Macros to access the 'props' allocation.
 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_GET_PROPS(heap,h) \
	((duk_uint8_t *) DUK_USE_HEAPPTR_DEC16((heap)->heap_udata, ((duk_heaphdr *) (h))->h_extra16))
#define DUK_HOBJECT_SET_PROPS(heap,h,x) do { \
		((duk_heaphdr *) (h))->h_extra16 = DUK_USE_HEAPPTR_ENC16((heap)->heap_udata, (void *) (x)); \
	} while (0)
#else
#define DUK_HOBJECT_GET_PROPS(heap,h) \
	((h)->props)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_SET_PROPS(heap,h,x) do { \
		(h)->props = (duk_uint8_t *) (x); \
	} while (0)
#endif

#if defined(DUK_USE_HOBJECT_LAYOUT_1)
/* LAYOUT 1 */
#define DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_KEY_BASE(heap,h) \
	((duk_hstring **) (void *) ( \
		DUK_HOBJECT_GET_PROPS((heap), (h)) \
	))
#define DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_BASE(heap,h) \
	((duk_propvalue *) (void *) ( \
		DUK_HOBJECT_GET_PROPS((heap), (h)) + \
			DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ESIZE((h)) * sizeof(duk_hstring *) \
	))
#define DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_FLAGS_BASE(heap,h) \
	((duk_uint8_t *) (void *) ( \
		DUK_HOBJECT_GET_PROPS((heap), (h)) + DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ESIZE((h)) * (sizeof(duk_hstring *) + sizeof(duk_propvalue)) \
	))
#define DUK_HOBJECT_A_GET_BASE(heap,h) \
	((duk_tval *) (void *) ( \
		DUK_HOBJECT_GET_PROPS((heap), (h)) + \
			DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ESIZE((h)) * (sizeof(duk_hstring *) + sizeof(duk_propvalue) + sizeof(duk_uint8_t)) \
	))
#define DUK_HOBJECT_H_GET_BASE(heap,h) \
	((duk_uint32_t *) (void *) ( \
		DUK_HOBJECT_GET_PROPS((heap), (h)) + \
			DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ESIZE((h)) * (sizeof(duk_hstring *) + sizeof(duk_propvalue) + sizeof(duk_uint8_t)) + \
			DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ASIZE((h)) * sizeof(duk_tval) \
	))
#define DUK_HOBJECT_P_COMPUTE_SIZE(n_ent,n_arr,n_hash) \
	( \
		(n_ent) * (sizeof(duk_hstring *) + sizeof(duk_propvalue) + sizeof(duk_uint8_t)) + \
		(n_arr) * sizeof(duk_tval) + \
		(n_hash) * sizeof(duk_uint32_t) \
	)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_P_SET_REALLOC_PTRS(p_base,set_e_k,set_e_pv,set_e_f,set_a,set_h,n_ent,n_arr,n_hash)  do { \
		(set_e_k) = (duk_hstring **) (void *) (p_base); \
		(set_e_pv) = (duk_propvalue *) (void *) ((set_e_k) + (n_ent)); \
		(set_e_f) = (duk_uint8_t *) (void *) ((set_e_pv) + (n_ent)); \
		(set_a) = (duk_tval *) (void *) ((set_e_f) + (n_ent)); \
		(set_h) = (duk_uint32_t *) (void *) ((set_a) + (n_arr)); \
	} while (0)
#elif defined(DUK_USE_HOBJECT_LAYOUT_2)
/* LAYOUT 2 */
#if (DUK_USE_ALIGN_BY == 4)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_E_FLAG_PADDING(e_sz) ((4 - (e_sz)) & 0x03)
#elif (DUK_USE_ALIGN_BY == 8)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_E_FLAG_PADDING(e_sz) ((8 - (e_sz)) & 0x07)
#elif (DUK_USE_ALIGN_BY == 1)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_E_FLAG_PADDING(e_sz) 0
#else
#error invalid DUK_USE_ALIGN_BY
#endif
#define DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_KEY_BASE(heap,h) \
	((duk_hstring **) (void *) ( \
		DUK_HOBJECT_GET_PROPS((heap), (h)) + \
			DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ESIZE((h)) * sizeof(duk_propvalue) \
	))
#define DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_BASE(heap,h) \
	((duk_propvalue *) (void *) ( \
		DUK_HOBJECT_GET_PROPS((heap), (h)) \
	))
#define DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_FLAGS_BASE(heap,h) \
	((duk_uint8_t *) (void *) ( \
		DUK_HOBJECT_GET_PROPS((heap), (h)) + DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ESIZE((h)) * (sizeof(duk_hstring *) + sizeof(duk_propvalue)) \
	))
#define DUK_HOBJECT_A_GET_BASE(heap,h) \
	((duk_tval *) (void *) ( \
		DUK_HOBJECT_GET_PROPS((heap), (h)) + \
			DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ESIZE((h)) * (sizeof(duk_hstring *) + sizeof(duk_propvalue) + sizeof(duk_uint8_t)) + \
			DUK_HOBJECT_E_FLAG_PADDING(DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ESIZE((h))) \
	))
#define DUK_HOBJECT_H_GET_BASE(heap,h) \
	((duk_uint32_t *) (void *) ( \
		DUK_HOBJECT_GET_PROPS((heap), (h)) + \
			DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ESIZE((h)) * (sizeof(duk_hstring *) + sizeof(duk_propvalue) + sizeof(duk_uint8_t)) + \
			DUK_HOBJECT_E_FLAG_PADDING(DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ESIZE((h))) + \
			DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ASIZE((h)) * sizeof(duk_tval) \
	))
#define DUK_HOBJECT_P_COMPUTE_SIZE(n_ent,n_arr,n_hash) \
	( \
		(n_ent) * (sizeof(duk_hstring *) + sizeof(duk_propvalue) + sizeof(duk_uint8_t)) + \
		DUK_HOBJECT_E_FLAG_PADDING((n_ent)) + \
		(n_arr) * sizeof(duk_tval) + \
		(n_hash) * sizeof(duk_uint32_t) \
	)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_P_SET_REALLOC_PTRS(p_base,set_e_k,set_e_pv,set_e_f,set_a,set_h,n_ent,n_arr,n_hash)  do { \
		(set_e_pv) = (duk_propvalue *) (void *) (p_base); \
		(set_e_k) = (duk_hstring **) (void *) ((set_e_pv) + (n_ent)); \
		(set_e_f) = (duk_uint8_t *) (void *) ((set_e_k) + (n_ent)); \
		(set_a) = (duk_tval *) (void *) (((duk_uint8_t *) (set_e_f)) + \
		                                 sizeof(duk_uint8_t) * (n_ent) + \
		                                 DUK_HOBJECT_E_FLAG_PADDING((n_ent))); \
		(set_h) = (duk_uint32_t *) (void *) ((set_a) + (n_arr)); \
	} while (0)
#elif defined(DUK_USE_HOBJECT_LAYOUT_3)
/* LAYOUT 3 */
#define DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_KEY_BASE(heap,h) \
	((duk_hstring **) (void *) ( \
		DUK_HOBJECT_GET_PROPS((heap), (h)) + \
			DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ESIZE((h)) * sizeof(duk_propvalue) + \
			DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ASIZE((h)) * sizeof(duk_tval) \
	))
#define DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_BASE(heap,h) \
	((duk_propvalue *) (void *) ( \
		DUK_HOBJECT_GET_PROPS((heap), (h)) \
	))
#define DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_FLAGS_BASE(heap,h) \
	((duk_uint8_t *) (void *) ( \
		DUK_HOBJECT_GET_PROPS((heap), (h)) + \
			DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ESIZE((h)) * (sizeof(duk_propvalue) + sizeof(duk_hstring *)) + \
			DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ASIZE((h)) * sizeof(duk_tval) + \
			DUK_HOBJECT_GET_HSIZE((h)) * sizeof(duk_uint32_t) \
	))
#define DUK_HOBJECT_A_GET_BASE(heap,h) \
	((duk_tval *) (void *) ( \
		DUK_HOBJECT_GET_PROPS((heap), (h)) + \
			DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ESIZE((h)) * sizeof(duk_propvalue) \
	))
#define DUK_HOBJECT_H_GET_BASE(heap,h) \
	((duk_uint32_t *) (void *) ( \
		DUK_HOBJECT_GET_PROPS((heap), (h)) + \
			DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ESIZE((h)) * (sizeof(duk_propvalue) + sizeof(duk_hstring *)) + \
			DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ASIZE((h)) * sizeof(duk_tval) \
	))
#define DUK_HOBJECT_P_COMPUTE_SIZE(n_ent,n_arr,n_hash) \
	( \
		(n_ent) * (sizeof(duk_propvalue) + sizeof(duk_hstring *) + sizeof(duk_uint8_t)) + \
		(n_arr) * sizeof(duk_tval) + \
		(n_hash) * sizeof(duk_uint32_t) \
	)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_P_SET_REALLOC_PTRS(p_base,set_e_k,set_e_pv,set_e_f,set_a,set_h,n_ent,n_arr,n_hash)  do { \
		(set_e_pv) = (duk_propvalue *) (void *) (p_base); \
		(set_a) = (duk_tval *) (void *) ((set_e_pv) + (n_ent)); \
		(set_e_k) = (duk_hstring **) (void *) ((set_a) + (n_arr)); \
		(set_h) = (duk_uint32_t *) (void *) ((set_e_k) + (n_ent)); \
		(set_e_f) = (duk_uint8_t *) (void *) ((set_h) + (n_hash)); \
	} while (0)
#else
#error invalid hobject layout defines
#endif  /* hobject property layout */

#define DUK_HOBJECT_P_ALLOC_SIZE(h) \
	DUK_HOBJECT_P_COMPUTE_SIZE(DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ESIZE((h)), DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ASIZE((h)), DUK_HOBJECT_GET_HSIZE((h)))

#define DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_KEY(heap,h,i)              (DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_KEY_BASE((heap), (h))[(i)])
#define DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_KEY_PTR(heap,h,i)          (&DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_KEY_BASE((heap), (h))[(i)])
#define DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE(heap,h,i)            (DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_BASE((heap), (h))[(i)])
#define DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_PTR(heap,h,i)        (&DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_BASE((heap), (h))[(i)])
#define DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_TVAL(heap,h,i)       (DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE((heap), (h), (i)).v)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_TVAL_PTR(heap,h,i)   (&DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE((heap), (h), (i)).v)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_GETTER(heap,h,i)     (DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE((heap), (h), (i)).a.get)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_GETTER_PTR(heap,h,i) (&DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE((heap), (h), (i)).a.get)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_SETTER(heap,h,i)     (DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE((heap), (h), (i)).a.set)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_SETTER_PTR(heap,h,i) (&DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE((heap), (h), (i)).a.set)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_FLAGS(heap,h,i)            (DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_FLAGS_BASE((heap), (h))[(i)])
#define DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_FLAGS_PTR(heap,h,i)        (&DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_FLAGS_BASE((heap), (h))[(i)])
#define DUK_HOBJECT_A_GET_VALUE(heap,h,i)            (DUK_HOBJECT_A_GET_BASE((heap), (h))[(i)])
#define DUK_HOBJECT_A_GET_VALUE_PTR(heap,h,i)        (&DUK_HOBJECT_A_GET_BASE((heap), (h))[(i)])
#define DUK_HOBJECT_H_GET_INDEX(heap,h,i)            (DUK_HOBJECT_H_GET_BASE((heap), (h))[(i)])
#define DUK_HOBJECT_H_GET_INDEX_PTR(heap,h,i)        (&DUK_HOBJECT_H_GET_BASE((heap), (h))[(i)])

#define DUK_HOBJECT_E_SET_KEY(heap,h,i,k)  do { \
		DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_KEY((heap), (h), (i)) = (k); \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_E_SET_VALUE(heap,h,i,v)  do { \
		DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE((heap), (h), (i)) = (v); \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_E_SET_VALUE_TVAL(heap,h,i,v)  do { \
		DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE((heap), (h), (i)).v = (v); \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_E_SET_VALUE_GETTER(heap,h,i,v)  do { \
		DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE((heap), (h), (i)).a.get = (v); \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_E_SET_VALUE_SETTER(heap,h,i,v)  do { \
		DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE((heap), (h), (i)).a.set = (v); \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_E_SET_FLAGS(heap,h,i,f)  do { \
		DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_FLAGS((heap), (h), (i)) = (duk_uint8_t) (f); \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_A_SET_VALUE(heap,h,i,v)  do { \
		DUK_HOBJECT_A_GET_VALUE((heap), (h), (i)) = (v); \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_A_SET_VALUE_TVAL(heap,h,i,v) \
	DUK_HOBJECT_A_SET_VALUE((heap), (h), (i), (v))  /* alias for above */
#define DUK_HOBJECT_H_SET_INDEX(heap,h,i,v)  do { \
		DUK_HOBJECT_H_GET_INDEX((heap), (h), (i)) = (v); \
	} while (0)

#define DUK_HOBJECT_E_SET_FLAG_BITS(heap,h,i,mask)  do { \
		DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_FLAGS_BASE((heap), (h))[(i)] |= (mask); \
	} while (0)

#define DUK_HOBJECT_E_CLEAR_FLAG_BITS(heap,h,i,mask)  do { \
		DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_FLAGS_BASE((heap), (h))[(i)] &= ~(mask); \
	} while (0)

#define DUK_HOBJECT_E_SLOT_IS_WRITABLE(heap,h,i)     ((DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_FLAGS((heap), (h), (i)) & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_WRITABLE) != 0)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_E_SLOT_IS_ENUMERABLE(heap,h,i)   ((DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_FLAGS((heap), (h), (i)) & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_ENUMERABLE) != 0)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_E_SLOT_IS_CONFIGURABLE(heap,h,i) ((DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_FLAGS((heap), (h), (i)) & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_CONFIGURABLE) != 0)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_E_SLOT_IS_ACCESSOR(heap,h,i)     ((DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_FLAGS((heap), (h), (i)) & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_ACCESSOR) != 0)

#define DUK_HOBJECT_E_SLOT_SET_WRITABLE(heap,h,i)        DUK_HOBJECT_E_SET_FLAG_BITS((heap), (h), (i),DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_WRITABLE)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_E_SLOT_SET_ENUMERABLE(heap,h,i)      DUK_HOBJECT_E_SET_FLAG_BITS((heap), (h), (i),DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_ENUMERABLE)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_E_SLOT_SET_CONFIGURABLE(heap,h,i)    DUK_HOBJECT_E_SET_FLAG_BITS((heap), (h), (i),DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_CONFIGURABLE)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_E_SLOT_SET_ACCESSOR(heap,h,i)        DUK_HOBJECT_E_SET_FLAG_BITS((heap), (h), (i),DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_ACCESSOR)

#define DUK_HOBJECT_E_SLOT_CLEAR_WRITABLE(heap,h,i)      DUK_HOBJECT_E_CLEAR_FLAG_BITS((heap), (h), (i),DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_WRITABLE)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_E_SLOT_CLEAR_ENUMERABLE(heap,h,i)    DUK_HOBJECT_E_CLEAR_FLAG_BITS((heap), (h), (i),DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_ENUMERABLE)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_E_SLOT_CLEAR_CONFIGURABLE(heap,h,i)  DUK_HOBJECT_E_CLEAR_FLAG_BITS((heap), (h), (i),DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_CONFIGURABLE)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_E_SLOT_CLEAR_ACCESSOR(heap,h,i)      DUK_HOBJECT_E_CLEAR_FLAG_BITS((heap), (h), (i),DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_ACCESSOR)

#define DUK_PROPDESC_IS_WRITABLE(p)             (((p)->flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_WRITABLE) != 0)
#define DUK_PROPDESC_IS_ENUMERABLE(p)           (((p)->flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_ENUMERABLE) != 0)
#define DUK_PROPDESC_IS_CONFIGURABLE(p)         (((p)->flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_CONFIGURABLE) != 0)
#define DUK_PROPDESC_IS_ACCESSOR(p)             (((p)->flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_ACCESSOR) != 0)

#define DUK_HOBJECT_HASHIDX_UNUSED              0xffffffffUL
#define DUK_HOBJECT_HASHIDX_DELETED             0xfffffffeUL

/*
 *  Macros for accessing size fields
 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_OBJSIZES16)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ESIZE(h) ((h)->e_size16)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_SET_ESIZE(h,v) do { (h)->e_size16 = (v); } while (0)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ENEXT(h) ((h)->e_next16)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_SET_ENEXT(h,v) do { (h)->e_next16 = (v); } while (0)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_POSTINC_ENEXT(h) ((h)->e_next16++)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ASIZE(h) ((h)->a_size16)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_SET_ASIZE(h,v) do { (h)->a_size16 = (v); } while (0)
#if defined(DUK_USE_HOBJECT_HASH_PART)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_GET_HSIZE(h) ((h)->h_size16)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_SET_HSIZE(h,v) do { (h)->h_size16 = (v); } while (0)
#else
#define DUK_HOBJECT_GET_HSIZE(h) 0
#define DUK_HOBJECT_SET_HSIZE(h,v) do { DUK_ASSERT((v) == 0); } while (0)
#endif
#else
#define DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ESIZE(h) ((h)->e_size)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_SET_ESIZE(h,v) do { (h)->e_size = (v); } while (0)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ENEXT(h) ((h)->e_next)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_SET_ENEXT(h,v) do { (h)->e_next = (v); } while (0)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_POSTINC_ENEXT(h) ((h)->e_next++)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ASIZE(h) ((h)->a_size)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_SET_ASIZE(h,v) do { (h)->a_size = (v); } while (0)
#if defined(DUK_USE_HOBJECT_HASH_PART)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_GET_HSIZE(h) ((h)->h_size)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_SET_HSIZE(h,v) do { (h)->h_size = (v); } while (0)
#else
#define DUK_HOBJECT_GET_HSIZE(h) 0
#define DUK_HOBJECT_SET_HSIZE(h,v) do { DUK_ASSERT((v) == 0); } while (0)
#endif
#endif

/*
 *  Misc
 */

/* Maximum prototype traversal depth.  Sanity limit which handles e.g.
 * prototype loops (even complex ones like 1->2->3->4->2->3->4->2->3->4).
 */
#define DUK_HOBJECT_PROTOTYPE_CHAIN_SANITY      10000L

/* Maximum traversal depth for "bound function" chains. */
#define DUK_HOBJECT_BOUND_CHAIN_SANITY          10000L

/*
 *  Ecmascript [[Class]]
 */

/* range check not necessary because all 4-bit values are mapped */
#define DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_NUMBER_TO_STRIDX(n)  duk_class_number_to_stridx[(n)]

#define DUK_HOBJECT_GET_CLASS_STRING(heap,h)          \
	DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING( \
		(heap), \
		DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_NUMBER_TO_STRIDX(DUK_HOBJECT_GET_CLASS_NUMBER((h))) \
	)

/*
 *  Macros for property handling
 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_GET_PROTOTYPE(heap,h) \
	((duk_hobject *) DUK_USE_HEAPPTR_DEC16((heap)->heap_udata, (h)->prototype16))
#define DUK_HOBJECT_SET_PROTOTYPE(heap,h,x) do { \
		(h)->prototype16 = DUK_USE_HEAPPTR_ENC16((heap)->heap_udata, (void *) (x)); \
	} while (0)
#else
#define DUK_HOBJECT_GET_PROTOTYPE(heap,h) \
	((h)->prototype)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_SET_PROTOTYPE(heap,h,x) do { \
		(h)->prototype = (x); \
	} while (0)
#endif

/* note: this updates refcounts */
#define DUK_HOBJECT_SET_PROTOTYPE_UPDREF(thr,h,p)       duk_hobject_set_prototype_updref((thr), (h), (p))

/*
 *  Resizing and hash behavior
 */

/* Sanity limit on max number of properties (allocated, not necessarily used).
 * This is somewhat arbitrary, but if we're close to 2**32 properties some
 * algorithms will fail (e.g. hash size selection, next prime selection).
 * Also, we use negative array/entry table indices to indicate 'not found',
 * so anything above 0x80000000 will cause trouble now.
 */
#if defined(DUK_USE_OBJSIZES16)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_MAX_PROPERTIES       0x0000ffffUL
#else
#define DUK_HOBJECT_MAX_PROPERTIES       0x7fffffffUL   /* 2**31-1 ~= 2G properties */
#endif

/* higher value conserves memory; also note that linear scan is cache friendly */
#define DUK_HOBJECT_E_USE_HASH_LIMIT     32

/* hash size relative to entries size: for value X, approx. hash_prime(e_size + e_size / X) */
#define DUK_HOBJECT_H_SIZE_DIVISOR       4  /* hash size approx. 1.25 times entries size */

/* if new_size < L * old_size, resize without abandon check; L = 3-bit fixed point, e.g. 9 -> 9/8 = 112.5% */
#define DUK_HOBJECT_A_FAST_RESIZE_LIMIT  9  /* 112.5%, i.e. new size less than 12.5% higher -> fast resize */

/* if density < L, abandon array part, L = 3-bit fixed point, e.g. 2 -> 2/8 = 25% */
/* limit is quite low: one array entry is 8 bytes, one normal entry is 4+1+8+4 = 17 bytes (with hash entry) */
#define DUK_HOBJECT_A_ABANDON_LIMIT      2  /* 25%, i.e. less than 25% used -> abandon */

/* internal align target for props allocation, must be 2*n for some n */
#if (DUK_USE_ALIGN_BY == 4)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_ALIGN_TARGET         4
#elif (DUK_USE_ALIGN_BY == 8)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_ALIGN_TARGET         8
#elif (DUK_USE_ALIGN_BY == 1)
#define DUK_HOBJECT_ALIGN_TARGET         1
#else
#error invalid DUK_USE_ALIGN_BY
#endif

/* controls for minimum entry part growth */
#define DUK_HOBJECT_E_MIN_GROW_ADD       16
#define DUK_HOBJECT_E_MIN_GROW_DIVISOR   8  /* 2^3 -> 1/8 = 12.5% min growth */

/* controls for minimum array part growth */
#define DUK_HOBJECT_A_MIN_GROW_ADD       16
#define DUK_HOBJECT_A_MIN_GROW_DIVISOR   8  /* 2^3 -> 1/8 = 12.5% min growth */

/* probe sequence */
#define DUK_HOBJECT_HASH_INITIAL(hash,h_size)  ((hash) % (h_size))
#define DUK_HOBJECT_HASH_PROBE_STEP(hash)      DUK_UTIL_GET_HASH_PROBE_STEP((hash))

/*
 *  PC-to-line constants
 */

#define DUK_PC2LINE_SKIP    64

/* maximum length for a SKIP-1 diffstream: 35 bits per entry, rounded up to bytes */
#define DUK_PC2LINE_MAX_DIFF_LENGTH    (((DUK_PC2LINE_SKIP - 1) * 35 + 7) / 8)

/*
 *  Struct defs
 */

struct duk_propaccessor {
	duk_hobject *get;
	duk_hobject *set;
};

union duk_propvalue {
	/* The get/set pointers could be 16-bit pointer compressed but it
	 * would make no difference on 32-bit platforms because duk_tval is
	 * 8 bytes or more anyway.
	 */
	duk_tval v;
	duk_propaccessor a;
};

struct duk_propdesc {
	/* read-only values 'lifted' for ease of use */
	duk_small_int_t flags;
	duk_hobject *get;
	duk_hobject *set;

	/* for updating (all are set to < 0 for virtual properties) */
	duk_int_t e_idx;  /* prop index in 'entry part', < 0 if not there */
	duk_int_t h_idx;  /* prop index in 'hash part', < 0 if not there */
	duk_int_t a_idx;  /* prop index in 'array part', < 0 if not there */
};

struct duk_hobject {
	duk_heaphdr hdr;

	/*
	 *  'props' contains {key,value,flags} entries, optional array entries, and
	 *  an optional hash lookup table for non-array entries in a single 'sliced'
	 *  allocation.  There are several layout options, which differ slightly in
	 *  generated code size/speed and alignment/padding; duk_features.h selects
	 *  the layout used.
	 *
	 *  Layout 1 (DUK_USE_HOBJECT_LAYOUT_1):
	 *
	 *    e_size * sizeof(duk_hstring *)         bytes of   entry keys (e_next gc reachable)
	 *    e_size * sizeof(duk_propvalue)         bytes of   entry values (e_next gc reachable)
	 *    e_size * sizeof(duk_uint8_t)           bytes of   entry flags (e_next gc reachable)
	 *    a_size * sizeof(duk_tval)              bytes of   (opt) array values (plain only) (all gc reachable)
	 *    h_size * sizeof(duk_uint32_t)          bytes of   (opt) hash indexes to entries (e_size),
	 *                                                      0xffffffffUL = unused, 0xfffffffeUL = deleted
	 *
	 *  Layout 2 (DUK_USE_HOBJECT_LAYOUT_2):
	 *
	 *    e_size * sizeof(duk_propvalue)         bytes of   entry values (e_next gc reachable)
	 *    e_size * sizeof(duk_hstring *)         bytes of   entry keys (e_next gc reachable)
	 *    e_size * sizeof(duk_uint8_t) + pad     bytes of   entry flags (e_next gc reachable)
	 *    a_size * sizeof(duk_tval)              bytes of   (opt) array values (plain only) (all gc reachable)
	 *    h_size * sizeof(duk_uint32_t)          bytes of   (opt) hash indexes to entries (e_size),
	 *                                                      0xffffffffUL = unused, 0xfffffffeUL = deleted
	 *
	 *  Layout 3 (DUK_USE_HOBJECT_LAYOUT_3):
	 *
	 *    e_size * sizeof(duk_propvalue)         bytes of   entry values (e_next gc reachable)
	 *    a_size * sizeof(duk_tval)              bytes of   (opt) array values (plain only) (all gc reachable)
	 *    e_size * sizeof(duk_hstring *)         bytes of   entry keys (e_next gc reachable)
	 *    h_size * sizeof(duk_uint32_t)          bytes of   (opt) hash indexes to entries (e_size),
	 *                                                      0xffffffffUL = unused, 0xfffffffeUL = deleted
	 *    e_size * sizeof(duk_uint8_t)           bytes of   entry flags (e_next gc reachable)
	 *
	 *  In layout 1, the 'e_next' count is rounded to 4 or 8 on platforms
	 *  requiring 4 or 8 byte alignment.  This ensures proper alignment
	 *  for the entries, at the cost of memory footprint.  However, it's
	 *  probably preferable to use another layout on such platforms instead.
	 *
	 *  In layout 2, the key and value parts are swapped to avoid padding
	 *  the key array on platforms requiring alignment by 8.  The flags part
	 *  is padded to get alignment for array entries.  The 'e_next' count does
	 *  not need to be rounded as in layout 1.
	 *
	 *  In layout 3, entry values and array values are always aligned properly,
	 *  and assuming pointers are at most 8 bytes, so are the entry keys.  Hash
	 *  indices will be properly aligned (assuming pointers are at least 4 bytes).
	 *  Finally, flags don't need additional alignment.  This layout provides
	 *  compact allocations without padding (even on platforms with alignment
	 *  requirements) at the cost of a bit slower lookups.
	 *
	 *  Objects with few keys don't have a hash index; keys are looked up linearly,
	 *  which is cache efficient because the keys are consecutive.  Larger objects
	 *  have a hash index part which contains integer indexes to the entries part.
	 *
	 *  A single allocation reduces memory allocation overhead but requires more
	 *  work when any part needs to be resized.  A sliced allocation for entries
	 *  makes linear key matching faster on most platforms (more locality) and
	 *  skimps on flags size (which would be followed by 3 bytes of padding in
	 *  most architectures if entries were placed in a struct).
	 *
	 *  'props' also contains internal properties distinguished with a non-BMP
	 *  prefix.  Often used properties should be placed early in 'props' whenever
	 *  possible to make accessing them as fast a possible.
	 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
	/* Located in duk_heaphdr h_extra16.  Subclasses of duk_hobject (like
	 * duk_hcompiledfunction) are not free to use h_extra16 for this reason.
	 */
#else
	duk_uint8_t *props;
#endif

	/* prototype: the only internal property lifted outside 'e' as it is so central */
#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
	duk_uint16_t prototype16;
#else
	duk_hobject *prototype;
#endif

#if defined(DUK_USE_OBJSIZES16)
	duk_uint16_t e_size16;
	duk_uint16_t e_next16;
	duk_uint16_t a_size16;
#if defined(DUK_USE_HOBJECT_HASH_PART)
	duk_uint16_t h_size16;
#endif
#else
	duk_uint32_t e_size;  /* entry part size */
	duk_uint32_t e_next;  /* index for next new key ([0,e_next[ are gc reachable) */
	duk_uint32_t a_size;  /* array part size (entirely gc reachable) */
#if defined(DUK_USE_HOBJECT_HASH_PART)
	duk_uint32_t h_size;  /* hash part size or 0 if unused */
#endif
#endif
};

/*
 *  Exposed data
 */

#if !defined(DUK_SINGLE_FILE)
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_uint8_t duk_class_number_to_stridx[32];
#endif  /* !DUK_SINGLE_FILE */

/*
 *  Prototypes
 */

/* alloc and init */
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_hobject *duk_hobject_alloc(duk_heap *heap, duk_uint_t hobject_flags);
#if 0  /* unused */
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_hobject *duk_hobject_alloc_checked(duk_hthread *thr, duk_uint_t hobject_flags);
#endif
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_hcompiledfunction *duk_hcompiledfunction_alloc(duk_heap *heap, duk_uint_t hobject_flags);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_hnativefunction *duk_hnativefunction_alloc(duk_heap *heap, duk_uint_t hobject_flags);
DUK_INTERNAL duk_hbufferobject *duk_hbufferobject_alloc(duk_heap *heap, duk_uint_t hobject_flags);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_hthread *duk_hthread_alloc(duk_heap *heap, duk_uint_t hobject_flags);

/* low-level property functions */
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_hobject_find_existing_entry(duk_heap *heap, duk_hobject *obj, duk_hstring *key, duk_int_t *e_idx, duk_int_t *h_idx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_tval *duk_hobject_find_existing_entry_tval_ptr(duk_heap *heap, duk_hobject *obj, duk_hstring *key);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_tval *duk_hobject_find_existing_entry_tval_ptr_and_attrs(duk_heap *heap, duk_hobject *obj, duk_hstring *key, duk_int_t *out_attrs);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_tval *duk_hobject_find_existing_array_entry_tval_ptr(duk_heap *heap, duk_hobject *obj, duk_uarridx_t i);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_bool_t duk_hobject_get_own_propdesc(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj, duk_hstring *key, duk_propdesc *out_desc, duk_small_uint_t flags);

/* XXX: when optimizing for guaranteed property slots, use a guaranteed
 * slot for internal value; this call can then access it directly.
 */
#define duk_hobject_get_internal_value_tval_ptr(heap,obj) \
	duk_hobject_find_existing_entry_tval_ptr((heap), (obj), DUK_HEAP_STRING_INT_VALUE((heap)))

/* core property functions */
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_bool_t duk_hobject_getprop(duk_hthread *thr, duk_tval *tv_obj, duk_tval *tv_key);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_bool_t duk_hobject_putprop(duk_hthread *thr, duk_tval *tv_obj, duk_tval *tv_key, duk_tval *tv_val, duk_bool_t throw_flag);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_bool_t duk_hobject_delprop(duk_hthread *thr, duk_tval *tv_obj, duk_tval *tv_key, duk_bool_t throw_flag);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_bool_t duk_hobject_hasprop(duk_hthread *thr, duk_tval *tv_obj, duk_tval *tv_key);

/* internal property functions */
#define DUK_DELPROP_FLAG_THROW  (1 << 0)
#define DUK_DELPROP_FLAG_FORCE  (1 << 1)
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_bool_t duk_hobject_delprop_raw(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj, duk_hstring *key, duk_small_uint_t flags);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_bool_t duk_hobject_hasprop_raw(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj, duk_hstring *key);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_hobject_define_property_internal(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj, duk_hstring *key, duk_small_uint_t flags);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_hobject_define_property_internal_arridx(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj, duk_uarridx_t arr_idx, duk_small_uint_t flags);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_hobject_define_accessor_internal(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj, duk_hstring *key, duk_hobject *getter, duk_hobject *setter, duk_small_uint_t propflags);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_hobject_set_length(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj, duk_uint32_t length);  /* XXX: duk_uarridx_t? */
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_hobject_set_length_zero(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_uint32_t duk_hobject_get_length(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj);  /* XXX: duk_uarridx_t? */

/* helpers for defineProperty() and defineProperties() */
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL
void duk_hobject_prepare_property_descriptor(duk_context *ctx,
                                             duk_idx_t idx_in,
                                             duk_uint_t *out_defprop_flags,
                                             duk_idx_t *out_idx_value,
                                             duk_hobject **out_getter,
                                             duk_hobject **out_setter);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL
void duk_hobject_define_property_helper(duk_context *ctx,
                                        duk_uint_t defprop_flags,
                                        duk_hobject *obj,
                                        duk_hstring *key,
                                        duk_idx_t idx_value,
                                        duk_hobject *get,
                                        duk_hobject *set);

/* Object built-in methods */
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_hobject_object_get_own_property_descriptor(duk_context *ctx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_hobject_object_seal_freeze_helper(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj, duk_bool_t is_freeze);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_bool_t duk_hobject_object_is_sealed_frozen_helper(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj, duk_bool_t is_frozen);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_bool_t duk_hobject_object_ownprop_helper(duk_context *ctx, duk_small_uint_t required_desc_flags);

/* internal properties */
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_bool_t duk_hobject_get_internal_value(duk_heap *heap, duk_hobject *obj, duk_tval *tv);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_hstring *duk_hobject_get_internal_value_string(duk_heap *heap, duk_hobject *obj);

/* hobject management functions */
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_hobject_compact_props(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj);

/* ES6 proxy */
#if defined(DUK_USE_ES6_PROXY)
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_bool_t duk_hobject_proxy_check(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj, duk_hobject **out_target, duk_hobject **out_handler);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_hobject *duk_hobject_resolve_proxy_target(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj);
#endif

/* enumeration */
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_hobject_enumerator_create(duk_context *ctx, duk_small_uint_t enum_flags);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk_hobject_get_enumerated_keys(duk_context *ctx, duk_small_uint_t enum_flags);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_bool_t duk_hobject_enumerator_next(duk_context *ctx, duk_bool_t get_value);

/* macros */
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_hobject_set_prototype_updref(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *h, duk_hobject *p);

/* finalization */
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_hobject_run_finalizer(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj);

/* pc2line */
#if defined(DUK_USE_PC2LINE)
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_hobject_pc2line_pack(duk_hthread *thr, duk_compiler_instr *instrs, duk_uint_fast32_t length);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_uint_fast32_t duk_hobject_pc2line_query(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t idx_func, duk_uint_fast32_t pc);
#endif

/* misc */
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_bool_t duk_hobject_prototype_chain_contains(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *h, duk_hobject *p, duk_bool_t ignore_loop);

#endif  /* DUK_HOBJECT_H_INCLUDED */
/*
 *  Heap compiled function (Ecmascript function) representation.
 *
 *  There is a single data buffer containing the Ecmascript function's
 *  bytecode, constants, and inner functions.
 */

#ifndef DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_H_INCLUDED
#define DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_H_INCLUDED

/*
 *  Field accessor macros
 */

/* XXX: casts could be improved, especially for GET/SET DATA */

#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
#define DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_DATA(heap,h) \
	((duk_hbuffer_fixed *) (void *) DUK_USE_HEAPPTR_DEC16((heap)->heap_udata, (h)->data16))
#define DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_SET_DATA(heap,h,v) do { \
		(h)->data16 = DUK_USE_HEAPPTR_ENC16((heap)->heap_udata, (void *) (v)); \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_FUNCS(heap,h)  \
	((duk_hobject **) (void *) (DUK_USE_HEAPPTR_DEC16((heap)->heap_udata, (h)->funcs16)))
#define DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_SET_FUNCS(heap,h,v)  do { \
		(h)->funcs16 = DUK_USE_HEAPPTR_ENC16((heap)->heap_udata, (void *) (v)); \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_BYTECODE(heap,h)  \
	((duk_instr_t *) (void *) (DUK_USE_HEAPPTR_DEC16((heap)->heap_udata, (h)->bytecode16)))
#define DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_SET_BYTECODE(heap,h,v)  do { \
		(h)->bytecode16 = DUK_USE_HEAPPTR_ENC16((heap)->heap_udata, (void *) (v)); \
	} while (0)
#else
#define DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_DATA(heap,h) \
	((duk_hbuffer_fixed *) (void *) (h)->data)
#define DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_SET_DATA(heap,h,v) do { \
		(h)->data = (duk_hbuffer *) (v); \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_FUNCS(heap,h)  \
	((h)->funcs)
#define DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_SET_FUNCS(heap,h,v)  do { \
		(h)->funcs = (v); \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_BYTECODE(heap,h)  \
	((h)->bytecode)
#define DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_SET_BYTECODE(heap,h,v)  do { \
		(h)->bytecode = (v); \
	} while (0)
#endif

/*
 *  Accessor macros for function specific data areas
 */

/* Note: assumes 'data' is always a fixed buffer */
#define DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_BUFFER_BASE(heap,h)  \
	DUK_HBUFFER_FIXED_GET_DATA_PTR((heap), DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_DATA((heap), (h)))

#define DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_CONSTS_BASE(heap,h)  \
	((duk_tval *) (void *) DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_BUFFER_BASE((heap), (h)))

#define DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_FUNCS_BASE(heap,h)  \
	DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_FUNCS((heap), (h))

#define DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_CODE_BASE(heap,h)  \
	DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_BYTECODE((heap), (h))

#define DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_CONSTS_END(heap,h)  \
	((duk_tval *) (void *) DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_FUNCS((heap), (h)))

#define DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_FUNCS_END(heap,h)  \
	((duk_hobject **) (void *) DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_BYTECODE((heap), (h)))

/* XXX: double evaluation of DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_DATA() */
#define DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_CODE_END(heap,h)  \
	((duk_instr_t *) (void *) (DUK_HBUFFER_FIXED_GET_DATA_PTR((heap), DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_DATA((heap), (h))) + \
	                DUK_HBUFFER_GET_SIZE((duk_hbuffer *) DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_DATA((heap), h))))

#define DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_CONSTS_SIZE(heap,h)  \
	( \
	 (duk_size_t) \
	 ( \
	   ((const duk_uint8_t *) DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_CONSTS_END((heap), (h))) - \
	   ((const duk_uint8_t *) DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_CONSTS_BASE((heap), (h))) \
	 ) \
	)

#define DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_FUNCS_SIZE(heap,h)  \
	( \
	 (duk_size_t) \
	 ( \
	   ((const duk_uint8_t *) DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_FUNCS_END((heap), (h))) - \
	   ((const duk_uint8_t *) DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_FUNCS_BASE((heap), (h))) \
	 ) \
	)

#define DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_CODE_SIZE(heap,h)  \
	( \
	 (duk_size_t) \
	 ( \
	   ((const duk_uint8_t *) DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_CODE_END((heap),(h))) - \
	   ((const duk_uint8_t *) DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_CODE_BASE((heap),(h))) \
	 ) \
	)

#define DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_CONSTS_COUNT(heap,h)  \
	((duk_size_t) (DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_CONSTS_SIZE((heap), (h)) / sizeof(duk_tval)))

#define DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_FUNCS_COUNT(heap,h)  \
	((duk_size_t) (DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_FUNCS_SIZE((heap), (h)) / sizeof(duk_hobject *)))

#define DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_CODE_COUNT(heap,h)  \
	((duk_size_t) (DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_CODE_SIZE((heap), (h)) / sizeof(duk_instr_t)))


/*
 *  Main struct
 */

struct duk_hcompiledfunction {
	/* shared object part */
	duk_hobject obj;

	/*
	 *  Pointers to function data area for faster access.  Function
	 *  data is a buffer shared between all closures of the same
	 *  "template" function.  The data buffer is always fixed (non-
	 *  dynamic, hence stable), with a layout as follows:
	 *
	 *    constants (duk_tval)
	 *    inner functions (duk_hobject *)
	 *    bytecode (duk_instr_t)
	 *
	 *  Note: bytecode end address can be computed from 'data' buffer
	 *  size.  It is not strictly necessary functionally, assuming
	 *  bytecode never jumps outside its allocated area.  However,
	 *  it's a safety/robustness feature for avoiding the chance of
	 *  executing random data as bytecode due to a compiler error.
	 *
	 *  Note: values in the data buffer must be incref'd (they will
	 *  be decref'd on release) for every compiledfunction referring
	 *  to the 'data' element.
	 */

	/* Data area, fixed allocation, stable data ptrs. */
#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
	duk_uint16_t data16;
#else
	duk_hbuffer *data;
#endif

	/* No need for constants pointer (= same as data).
	 *
	 * When using 16-bit packing alignment to 4 is nice.  'funcs' will be
	 * 4-byte aligned because 'constants' are duk_tvals.  For now the
	 * inner function pointers are not compressed, so that 'bytecode' will
	 * also be 4-byte aligned.
	 */
#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
	duk_uint16_t funcs16;
	duk_uint16_t bytecode16;
#else
	duk_hobject **funcs;
	duk_instr_t *bytecode;
#endif

	/*
	 *  'nregs' registers are allocated on function entry, at most 'nargs'
	 *  are initialized to arguments, and the rest to undefined.  Arguments
	 *  above 'nregs' are not mapped to registers.  All registers in the
	 *  active stack range must be initialized because they are GC reachable.
	 *  'nargs' is needed so that if the function is given more than 'nargs'
	 *  arguments, the additional arguments do not 'clobber' registers
	 *  beyond 'nregs' which must be consistently initialized to undefined.
	 *
	 *  Usually there is no need to know which registers are mapped to
	 *  local variables.  Registers may be allocated to variable in any
	 *  way (even including gaps).  However, a register-variable mapping
	 *  must be the same for the duration of the function execution and
	 *  the register cannot be used for anything else.
	 *
	 *  When looking up variables by name, the '_Varmap' map is used.
	 *  When an activation closes, registers mapped to arguments are
	 *  copied into the environment record based on the same map.  The
	 *  reverse map (from register to variable) is not currently needed
	 *  at run time, except for debugging, so it is not maintained.
	 */

	duk_uint16_t nregs;                /* regs to allocate */
	duk_uint16_t nargs;                /* number of arguments allocated to regs */

	/*
	 *  Additional control information is placed into the object itself
	 *  as internal properties to avoid unnecessary fields for the
	 *  majority of functions.  The compiler tries to omit internal
	 *  control fields when possible.
	 *
	 *  Function templates:
	 *
	 *    {
	 *      name: "func",    // declaration, named function expressions
	 *      fileName: <debug info for creating nice errors>
	 *      _Varmap: { "arg1": 0, "arg2": 1, "varname": 2 },
	 *      _Formals: [ "arg1", "arg2" ],
	 *      _Source: "function func(arg1, arg2) { ... }",
	 *      _Pc2line: <debug info for pc-to-line mapping>,
	 *    }
	 *
	 *  Function instances:
	 *
	 *    {
	 *      length: 2,
	 *      prototype: { constructor: <func> },
	 *      caller: <thrower>,
	 *      arguments: <thrower>,
	 *      name: "func",    // declaration, named function expressions
	 *      fileName: <debug info for creating nice errors>
	 *      _Varmap: { "arg1": 0, "arg2": 1, "varname": 2 },
	 *      _Formals: [ "arg1", "arg2" ],
	 *      _Source: "function func(arg1, arg2) { ... }",
	 *      _Pc2line: <debug info for pc-to-line mapping>,
	 *      _Varenv: <variable environment of closure>,
	 *      _Lexenv: <lexical environment of closure (if differs from _Varenv)>
	 *    }
	 *
	 *  More detailed description of these properties can be found
	 *  in the documentation.
	 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_SUPPORT)
	/* Line number range for function.  Needed during debugging to
	 * determine active breakpoints.
	 */
	duk_uint32_t start_line;
	duk_uint32_t end_line;
#endif
};

#endif  /* DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_H_INCLUDED */
/*
 *  Heap native function representation.
 */

#ifndef DUK_HNATIVEFUNCTION_H_INCLUDED
#define DUK_HNATIVEFUNCTION_H_INCLUDED

#define DUK_HNATIVEFUNCTION_NARGS_VARARGS  ((duk_int16_t) -1)
#define DUK_HNATIVEFUNCTION_NARGS_MAX      ((duk_int16_t) 0x7fff)

struct duk_hnativefunction {
	/* shared object part */
	duk_hobject obj;

	duk_c_function func;
	duk_int16_t nargs;
	duk_int16_t magic;

	/* The 'magic' field allows an opaque 16-bit field to be accessed by the
	 * Duktape/C function.  This allows, for instance, the same native function
	 * to be used for a set of very similar functions, with the 'magic' field
	 * providing the necessary non-argument flags / values to guide the behavior
	 * of the native function.  The value is signed on purpose: it is easier to
	 * convert a signed value to unsigned (simply AND with 0xffff) than vice
	 * versa.
	 *
	 * Note: cannot place nargs/magic into the heaphdr flags, because
	 * duk_hobject takes almost all flags already (and needs the spare).
	 */
};

#endif  /* DUK_HNATIVEFUNCTION_H_INCLUDED */
/*
 *  Heap Buffer object representation.  Used for all Buffer variants.
 */

#ifndef DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_H_INCLUDED
#define DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_H_INCLUDED

/* All element accessors are host endian now (driven by TypedArray spec). */
#define DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_ELEM_UINT8           0
#define DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_ELEM_UINT8CLAMPED    1
#define DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_ELEM_INT8            2
#define DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_ELEM_UINT16          3
#define DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_ELEM_INT16           4
#define DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_ELEM_UINT32          5
#define DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_ELEM_INT32           6
#define DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_ELEM_FLOAT32         7
#define DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_ELEM_FLOAT64         8
#define DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_ELEM_MAX             8

#define DUK_ASSERT_HBUFFEROBJECT_VALID(h) do { \
		DUK_ASSERT((h) != NULL); \
		DUK_ASSERT((h)->shift <= 3); \
		DUK_ASSERT((h)->elem_type <= DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_ELEM_MAX); \
		DUK_ASSERT(((h)->shift == 0 && (h)->elem_type == DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_ELEM_UINT8) || \
		           ((h)->shift == 0 && (h)->elem_type == DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_ELEM_UINT8CLAMPED) || \
		           ((h)->shift == 0 && (h)->elem_type == DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_ELEM_INT8) || \
		           ((h)->shift == 1 && (h)->elem_type == DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_ELEM_UINT16) || \
		           ((h)->shift == 1 && (h)->elem_type == DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_ELEM_INT16) || \
		           ((h)->shift == 2 && (h)->elem_type == DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_ELEM_UINT32) || \
		           ((h)->shift == 2 && (h)->elem_type == DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_ELEM_INT32) || \
		           ((h)->shift == 2 && (h)->elem_type == DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_ELEM_FLOAT32) || \
		           ((h)->shift == 3 && (h)->elem_type == DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_ELEM_FLOAT64)); \
		DUK_ASSERT((h)->is_view == 0 || (h)->is_view == 1); \
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_IS_BUFFEROBJECT((duk_hobject *) (h))); \
		if ((h)->buf == NULL) { \
			DUK_ASSERT((h)->offset == 0); \
			DUK_ASSERT((h)->length == 0); \
		} else { \
			/* No assertions for offset or length; in particular, \
			 * it's OK for length to be longer than underlying \
			 * buffer.  Just ensure they don't wrap when added. \
			 */ \
			DUK_ASSERT((h)->offset + (h)->length >= (h)->offset); \
		} \
	} while (0)

/* Get the current data pointer (caller must ensure buf != NULL) as a
 * duk_uint8_t ptr.
 */
#define DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_GET_SLICE_BASE(heap,h) \
	(DUK_ASSERT_EXPR((h) != NULL), DUK_ASSERT_EXPR((h)->buf != NULL), \
	(((duk_uint8_t *) DUK_HBUFFER_GET_DATA_PTR((heap), (h)->buf)) + (h)->offset))

/* True if slice is full, i.e. offset is zero and length covers the entire
 * buffer.  This status may change independently of the duk_hbufferobject if
 * the underlying buffer is dynamic and changes without the hbufferobject
 * being changed.
 */
#define DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_FULL_SLICE(h) \
	(DUK_ASSERT_EXPR((h) != NULL), DUK_ASSERT_EXPR((h)->buf != NULL), \
	((h)->offset == 0 && (h)->length == DUK_HBUFFER_GET_SIZE((h)->buf)))

/* Validate that the whole slice [0,length[ is contained in the underlying
 * buffer.  Caller must ensure 'buf' != NULL.
 */
#define DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_VALID_SLICE(h) \
	(DUK_ASSERT_EXPR((h) != NULL), DUK_ASSERT_EXPR((h)->buf != NULL), \
	((h)->offset + (h)->length <= DUK_HBUFFER_GET_SIZE((h)->buf)))

/* Validate byte read/write for virtual 'offset', i.e. check that the
 * offset, taking into account h->offset, is within the underlying
 * buffer size.  This is a safety check which is needed to ensure
 * that even a misconfigured duk_hbufferobject never causes memory
 * unsafe behavior (e.g. if an underlying dynamic buffer changes
 * after being setup).  Caller must ensure 'buf' != NULL.
 */
#define DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_VALID_BYTEOFFSET_INCL(h,off) \
	(DUK_ASSERT_EXPR((h) != NULL), DUK_ASSERT_EXPR((h)->buf != NULL), \
	((h)->offset + (off) < DUK_HBUFFER_GET_SIZE((h)->buf)))

#define DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_VALID_BYTEOFFSET_EXCL(h,off) \
	(DUK_ASSERT_EXPR((h) != NULL), DUK_ASSERT_EXPR((h)->buf != NULL), \
	((h)->offset + (off) <= DUK_HBUFFER_GET_SIZE((h)->buf)))

/* Clamp an input byte length (already assumed to be within the nominal
 * duk_hbufferobject 'length') to the current dynamic buffer limits to
 * yield a byte length limit that's safe for memory accesses.  This value
 * can be invalidated by any side effect because it may trigger a user
 * callback that resizes the underlying buffer.
 */
#define DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_CLAMP_BYTELENGTH(h,len) \
	(DUK_ASSERT_EXPR((h) != NULL), \
	duk_hbufferobject_clamp_bytelength((h), (len)))

struct duk_hbufferobject {
	/* Shared object part. */
	duk_hobject obj;

	/* Underlying buffer (refcounted), may be NULL. */
	duk_hbuffer *buf;

	/* Slice and accessor information.
	 *
	 * Because the underlying buffer may be dynamic, these may be
	 * invalidated by the buffer being modified so that both offset
	 * and length should be validated before every access.  Behavior
	 * when the underlying buffer has changed doesn't need to be clean:
	 * virtual 'length' doesn't need to be affected, reads can return
	 * zero/NaN, and writes can be ignored.
	 *
	 * Note that a data pointer cannot be precomputed because 'buf' may
	 * be dynamic and its pointer unstable.
	 */

	duk_uint_t offset;       /* byte offset to buf */
	duk_uint_t length;       /* byte index limit for element access, exclusive */
	duk_uint8_t shift;       /* element size shift:
	                          *   0 = u8/i8
	                          *   1 = u16/i16
	                          *   2 = u32/i32/float
	                          *   3 = double
	                          */
	duk_uint8_t elem_type;   /* element type */
	duk_uint8_t is_view;
};

#if defined(DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT)
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_uint_t duk_hbufferobject_clamp_bytelength(duk_hbufferobject *h_bufobj, duk_uint_t len);
#endif
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_hbufferobject_push_validated_read(duk_context *ctx, duk_hbufferobject *h_bufobj, duk_uint8_t *p, duk_small_uint_t elem_size);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_hbufferobject_validated_write(duk_context *ctx, duk_hbufferobject *h_bufobj, duk_uint8_t *p, duk_small_uint_t elem_size);

#endif  /* DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_H_INCLUDED */
/*
 *  Heap thread object representation.
 *
 *  duk_hthread is also the 'context' (duk_context) for exposed APIs
 *  which mostly operate on the topmost frame of the value stack.
 */

#ifndef DUK_HTHREAD_H_INCLUDED
#define DUK_HTHREAD_H_INCLUDED

/*
 *  Stack constants
 */

#define DUK_VALSTACK_GROW_STEP          128     /* roughly 1 kiB */
#define DUK_VALSTACK_SHRINK_THRESHOLD   256     /* roughly 2 kiB */
#define DUK_VALSTACK_SHRINK_SPARE       64      /* roughly 0.5 kiB */
#define DUK_VALSTACK_INITIAL_SIZE       128     /* roughly 1.0 kiB -> but rounds up to DUK_VALSTACK_GROW_STEP in practice */
#define DUK_VALSTACK_INTERNAL_EXTRA     64      /* internal extra elements assumed on function entry,
                                                 * always added to user-defined 'extra' for e.g. the
                                                 * duk_check_stack() call.
                                                 */
#define DUK_VALSTACK_API_ENTRY_MINIMUM  DUK_API_ENTRY_STACK
                                                /* number of elements guaranteed to be user accessible
                                                 * (in addition to call arguments) on Duktape/C function entry.
                                                 */

/* Note: DUK_VALSTACK_INITIAL_SIZE must be >= DUK_VALSTACK_API_ENTRY_MINIMUM
 * + DUK_VALSTACK_INTERNAL_EXTRA so that the initial stack conforms to spare
 * requirements.
 */

#define DUK_VALSTACK_DEFAULT_MAX        1000000L

#define DUK_CALLSTACK_GROW_STEP         8       /* roughly 256 bytes */
#define DUK_CALLSTACK_SHRINK_THRESHOLD  16      /* roughly 512 bytes */
#define DUK_CALLSTACK_SHRINK_SPARE      8       /* roughly 256 bytes */
#define DUK_CALLSTACK_INITIAL_SIZE      8
#define DUK_CALLSTACK_DEFAULT_MAX       10000L

#define DUK_CATCHSTACK_GROW_STEP         4      /* roughly 64 bytes */
#define DUK_CATCHSTACK_SHRINK_THRESHOLD  8      /* roughly 128 bytes */
#define DUK_CATCHSTACK_SHRINK_SPARE      4      /* roughly 64 bytes */
#define DUK_CATCHSTACK_INITIAL_SIZE      4
#define DUK_CATCHSTACK_DEFAULT_MAX       10000L

/*
 *  Activation defines
 */

#define DUK_ACT_FLAG_STRICT             (1 << 0)  /* function executes in strict mode */
#define DUK_ACT_FLAG_TAILCALLED         (1 << 1)  /* activation has tail called one or more times */
#define DUK_ACT_FLAG_CONSTRUCT          (1 << 2)  /* function executes as a constructor (called via "new") */
#define DUK_ACT_FLAG_PREVENT_YIELD      (1 << 3)  /* activation prevents yield (native call or "new") */
#define DUK_ACT_FLAG_DIRECT_EVAL        (1 << 4)  /* activation is a direct eval call */
#define DUK_ACT_FLAG_BREAKPOINT_ACTIVE  (1 << 5)  /* activation has active breakpoint(s) */

#define DUK_ACT_GET_FUNC(act)        ((act)->func)

/*
 *  Flags for __FILE__ / __LINE__ registered into tracedata
 */

#define DUK_TB_FLAG_NOBLAME_FILELINE   (1 << 0)  /* don't report __FILE__ / __LINE__ as fileName/lineNumber */

/*
 *  Catcher defines
 */

/* flags field: LLLLLLFT, L = label (24 bits), F = flags (4 bits), T = type (4 bits) */
#define DUK_CAT_TYPE_MASK            0x0000000fUL
#define DUK_CAT_TYPE_BITS            4
#define DUK_CAT_LABEL_MASK           0xffffff00UL
#define DUK_CAT_LABEL_BITS           24
#define DUK_CAT_LABEL_SHIFT          8

#define DUK_CAT_FLAG_CATCH_ENABLED          (1 << 4)   /* catch part will catch */
#define DUK_CAT_FLAG_FINALLY_ENABLED        (1 << 5)   /* finally part will catch */
#define DUK_CAT_FLAG_CATCH_BINDING_ENABLED  (1 << 6)   /* request to create catch binding */
#define DUK_CAT_FLAG_LEXENV_ACTIVE          (1 << 7)   /* catch or with binding is currently active */

#define DUK_CAT_TYPE_UNKNOWN         0
#define DUK_CAT_TYPE_TCF             1
#define DUK_CAT_TYPE_LABEL           2

#define DUK_CAT_GET_TYPE(c)          ((c)->flags & DUK_CAT_TYPE_MASK)
#define DUK_CAT_GET_LABEL(c)         (((c)->flags & DUK_CAT_LABEL_MASK) >> DUK_CAT_LABEL_SHIFT)

#define DUK_CAT_HAS_CATCH_ENABLED(c)           ((c)->flags & DUK_CAT_FLAG_CATCH_ENABLED)
#define DUK_CAT_HAS_FINALLY_ENABLED(c)         ((c)->flags & DUK_CAT_FLAG_FINALLY_ENABLED)
#define DUK_CAT_HAS_CATCH_BINDING_ENABLED(c)   ((c)->flags & DUK_CAT_FLAG_CATCH_BINDING_ENABLED)
#define DUK_CAT_HAS_LEXENV_ACTIVE(c)           ((c)->flags & DUK_CAT_FLAG_LEXENV_ACTIVE)

#define DUK_CAT_SET_CATCH_ENABLED(c)    do { \
		(c)->flags |= DUK_CAT_FLAG_CATCH_ENABLED; \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_CAT_SET_FINALLY_ENABLED(c)  do { \
		(c)->flags |= DUK_CAT_FLAG_FINALLY_ENABLED; \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_CAT_SET_CATCH_BINDING_ENABLED(c)    do { \
		(c)->flags |= DUK_CAT_FLAG_CATCH_BINDING_ENABLED; \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_CAT_SET_LEXENV_ACTIVE(c)    do { \
		(c)->flags |= DUK_CAT_FLAG_LEXENV_ACTIVE; \
	} while (0)

#define DUK_CAT_CLEAR_CATCH_ENABLED(c)    do { \
		(c)->flags &= ~DUK_CAT_FLAG_CATCH_ENABLED; \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_CAT_CLEAR_FINALLY_ENABLED(c)  do { \
		(c)->flags &= ~DUK_CAT_FLAG_FINALLY_ENABLED; \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_CAT_CLEAR_CATCH_BINDING_ENABLED(c)    do { \
		(c)->flags &= ~DUK_CAT_FLAG_CATCH_BINDING_ENABLED; \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_CAT_CLEAR_LEXENV_ACTIVE(c)    do { \
		(c)->flags &= ~DUK_CAT_FLAG_LEXENV_ACTIVE; \
	} while (0)

/*
 *  Thread defines
 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_ROM_STRINGS)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING(thr,idx) \
	((duk_hstring *) DUK_LOSE_CONST(duk_rom_strings_stridx[(idx)]))
#else  /* DUK_USE_ROM_STRINGS */
#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING(thr,idx) \
	((duk_hstring *) DUK_USE_HEAPPTR_DEC16((thr)->heap->heap_udata, (thr)->strs16[(idx)]))
#else
#define DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING(thr,idx) \
	((thr)->strs[(idx)])
#endif
#endif  /* DUK_USE_ROM_STRINGS */

#define DUK_HTHREAD_GET_CURRENT_ACTIVATION(thr)  (&(thr)->callstack[(thr)->callstack_top - 1])

/* values for the state field */
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STATE_INACTIVE     1   /* thread not currently running */
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STATE_RUNNING      2   /* thread currently running (only one at a time) */
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STATE_RESUMED      3   /* thread resumed another thread (active but not running) */
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STATE_YIELDED      4   /* thread has yielded */
#define DUK_HTHREAD_STATE_TERMINATED   5   /* thread has terminated */

/* Executor interrupt default interval when nothing else requires a
 * smaller value.  The default interval must be small enough to allow
 * for reasonable execution timeout checking but large enough to keep
 * impact on execution performance low.
 */
#if defined(DUK_USE_INTERRUPT_COUNTER)
#define DUK_HTHREAD_INTCTR_DEFAULT     (256L * 1024L)
#endif

/*
 *  Assert context is valid: non-NULL pointer, fields look sane.
 *
 *  This is used by public API call entrypoints to catch invalid 'ctx' pointers
 *  as early as possible; invalid 'ctx' pointers cause very odd and difficult to
 *  diagnose behavior so it's worth checking even when the check is not 100%.
 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_PREFER_SIZE)
#define DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VSSIZE(ctx)  /*nop*/
#else
#define DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VSSIZE(ctx) \
	DUK_ASSERT((duk_size_t) (((duk_hthread *) (ctx))->valstack_end - ((duk_hthread *) (ctx))->valstack) == \
		((duk_hthread *) (ctx))->valstack_size)
#endif
#define DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx) do { \
		DUK_ASSERT((ctx) != NULL); \
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_TYPE((duk_heaphdr *) (ctx)) == DUK_HTYPE_OBJECT); \
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_IS_THREAD((duk_hobject *) (ctx))); \
		DUK_ASSERT(((duk_hthread *) (ctx))->unused1 == 0); \
		DUK_ASSERT(((duk_hthread *) (ctx))->unused2 == 0); \
		DUK_ASSERT(((duk_hthread *) (ctx))->valstack != NULL); \
		DUK_ASSERT(((duk_hthread *) (ctx))->valstack_end >= ((duk_hthread *) (ctx))->valstack); \
		DUK_ASSERT(((duk_hthread *) (ctx))->valstack_top >= ((duk_hthread *) (ctx))->valstack); \
		DUK_ASSERT(((duk_hthread *) (ctx))->valstack_top >= ((duk_hthread *) (ctx))->valstack_bottom); \
		DUK_ASSERT(((duk_hthread *) (ctx))->valstack_end >= ((duk_hthread *) (ctx))->valstack_top); \
		DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VSSIZE((ctx)); \
	} while (0)

/*
 *  Struct defines
 */

/* XXX: for a memory-code tradeoff, remove 'func' and make it's access either a function
 * or a macro.  This would make the activation 32 bytes long on 32-bit platforms again.
 */

/* Note: it's nice if size is 2^N (at least for 32-bit platforms). */
struct duk_activation {
	duk_tval tv_func;       /* borrowed: full duk_tval for function being executed; for lightfuncs */
	duk_hobject *func;      /* borrowed: function being executed; for bound function calls, this is the final, real function, NULL for lightfuncs */
	duk_hobject *var_env;   /* current variable environment (may be NULL if delayed) */
	duk_hobject *lex_env;   /* current lexical environment (may be NULL if delayed) */
#ifdef DUK_USE_NONSTD_FUNC_CALLER_PROPERTY
	/* Previous value of 'func' caller, restored when unwound.  Only in use
	 * when 'func' is non-strict.
	 */
	duk_hobject *prev_caller;
#endif

	duk_instr_t *curr_pc;   /* next instruction to execute (points to 'func' bytecode, stable pointer), NULL for native calls */
#if defined(DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_SUPPORT)
	duk_uint32_t prev_line; /* needed for stepping */
#endif
	duk_small_uint_t flags;

	/* idx_bottom and idx_retval are only used for book-keeping of
	 * Ecmascript-initiated calls, to allow returning to an Ecmascript
	 * function properly.  They are duk_size_t to match the convention
	 * that value stack sizes are duk_size_t and local frame indices
	 * are duk_idx_t.
	 */

	/* Bottom of valstack for this activation, used to reset
	 * valstack_bottom on return; index is absolute.  Note:
	 * idx_top not needed because top is set to 'nregs' always
	 * when returning to an Ecmascript activation.
	 */
	duk_size_t idx_bottom;

	/* Return value when returning to this activation (points to caller
	 * reg, not callee reg); index is absolute (only set if activation is
	 * not topmost).
	 *
	 * Note: idx_bottom is always set, while idx_retval is only applicable
	 * for activations below the topmost one.  Currently idx_retval for
	 * the topmost activation is considered garbage (and it not initialized
	 * on entry or cleared on return; may contain previous or garbage
	 * values).
	 */
	duk_size_t idx_retval;

	/* Current 'this' binding is the value just below idx_bottom.
	 * Previously, 'this' binding was handled with an index to the
	 * (calling) valstack.  This works for everything except tail
	 * calls, which must not "cumulate" valstack temps.
	 */
};

/* Note: it's nice if size is 2^N (not 4x4 = 16 bytes on 32 bit) */
struct duk_catcher {
	duk_hstring *h_varname;         /* borrowed reference to catch variable name (or NULL if none) */
	                                /* (reference is valid as long activation exists) */
	duk_instr_t *pc_base;           /* resume execution from pc_base or pc_base+1 (points to 'func' bytecode, stable pointer) */
	duk_size_t callstack_index;     /* callstack index of related activation */
	duk_size_t idx_base;            /* idx_base and idx_base+1 get completion value and type */
	duk_uint32_t flags;             /* type and control flags, label number */
};

struct duk_hthread {
	/* Shared object part */
	duk_hobject obj;

	/* Pointer to bytecode executor's 'curr_pc' variable.  Used to copy
	 * the current PC back into the topmost activation when activation
	 * state is about to change (or "syncing" is otherwise needed).  This
	 * is rather awkward but important for performance, see execution.rst.
	 */
	duk_instr_t **ptr_curr_pc;

	/* Backpointers. */
	duk_heap *heap;

	/* Current strictness flag: affects API calls. */
	duk_uint8_t strict;

	/* Thread state. */
	duk_uint8_t state;
	duk_uint8_t unused1;
	duk_uint8_t unused2;

	/* Sanity limits for stack sizes. */
	duk_size_t valstack_max;
	duk_size_t callstack_max;
	duk_size_t catchstack_max;

	/* XXX: Valstack, callstack, and catchstack are currently assumed
	 * to have non-NULL pointers.  Relaxing this would not lead to big
	 * benefits (except perhaps for terminated threads).
	 */

	/* Value stack: these are expressed as pointers for faster stack manipulation.
	 * [valstack,valstack_top[ is GC-reachable, [valstack_top,valstack_end[ is
	 * not GC-reachable but kept initialized as 'undefined'.
	 */
	duk_tval *valstack;                     /* start of valstack allocation */
	duk_tval *valstack_end;                 /* end of valstack allocation (exclusive) */
	duk_tval *valstack_bottom;              /* bottom of current frame */
	duk_tval *valstack_top;                 /* top of current frame (exclusive) */
#if !defined(DUK_USE_PREFER_SIZE)
	duk_size_t valstack_size;               /* cached: valstack_end - valstack (in entries, not bytes) */
#endif

	/* Call stack.  [0,callstack_top[ is GC reachable. */
	duk_activation *callstack;
	duk_size_t callstack_size;              /* allocation size */
	duk_size_t callstack_top;               /* next to use, highest used is top - 1 */
	duk_size_t callstack_preventcount;      /* number of activation records in callstack preventing a yield */

	/* Catch stack.  [0,catchstack_top[ is GC reachable. */
	duk_catcher *catchstack;
	duk_size_t catchstack_size;             /* allocation size */
	duk_size_t catchstack_top;              /* next to use, highest used is top - 1 */

	/* Yield/resume book-keeping. */
	duk_hthread *resumer;                   /* who resumed us (if any) */

	/* Current compiler state (if any), used for augmenting SyntaxErrors. */
	duk_compiler_ctx *compile_ctx;

#if defined(DUK_USE_INTERRUPT_COUNTER)
	/* Interrupt counter for triggering a slow path check for execution
	 * timeout, debugger interaction such as breakpoints, etc.  The value
	 * is valid for the current running thread, and both the init and
	 * counter values are copied whenever a thread switch occurs.  It's
	 * important for the counter to be conveniently accessible for the
	 * bytecode executor inner loop for performance reasons.
	 */
	duk_int_t interrupt_counter;    /* countdown state */
	duk_int_t interrupt_init;       /* start value for current countdown */
#endif

	/* Builtin-objects; may or may not be shared with other threads,
	 * threads existing in different "compartments" will have different
	 * built-ins.  Must be stored on a per-thread basis because there
	 * is no intermediate structure for a thread group / compartment.
	 * This takes quite a lot of space, currently 43x4 = 172 bytes on
	 * 32-bit platforms.
	 *
	 * In some cases the builtins array could be ROM based, but it's
	 * sometimes edited (e.g. for sandboxing) so it's better to keep
	 * this array in RAM.
	 */
	duk_hobject *builtins[DUK_NUM_BUILTINS];

	/* Convenience copies from heap/vm for faster access. */
#if defined(DUK_USE_ROM_STRINGS)
	/* No field needed when strings are in ROM. */
#else
#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
	duk_uint16_t *strs16;
#else
	duk_hstring **strs;
#endif
#endif
};

/*
 *  Prototypes
 */

DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_hthread_copy_builtin_objects(duk_hthread *thr_from, duk_hthread *thr_to);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_hthread_create_builtin_objects(duk_hthread *thr);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_bool_t duk_hthread_init_stacks(duk_heap *heap, duk_hthread *thr);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_hthread_terminate(duk_hthread *thr);

DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_hthread_callstack_grow(duk_hthread *thr);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_hthread_callstack_shrink_check(duk_hthread *thr);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_hthread_callstack_unwind(duk_hthread *thr, duk_size_t new_top);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_hthread_catchstack_grow(duk_hthread *thr);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_hthread_catchstack_shrink_check(duk_hthread *thr);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_hthread_catchstack_unwind(duk_hthread *thr, duk_size_t new_top);

DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_activation *duk_hthread_get_current_activation(duk_hthread *thr);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void *duk_hthread_get_valstack_ptr(duk_heap *heap, void *ud);  /* indirect allocs */
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void *duk_hthread_get_callstack_ptr(duk_heap *heap, void *ud);  /* indirect allocs */
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void *duk_hthread_get_catchstack_ptr(duk_heap *heap, void *ud);  /* indirect allocs */

#if defined(DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_SUPPORT)
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_uint_fast32_t duk_hthread_get_act_curr_pc(duk_hthread *thr, duk_activation *act);
#endif
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_uint_fast32_t duk_hthread_get_act_prev_pc(duk_hthread *thr, duk_activation *act);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_hthread_sync_currpc(duk_hthread *thr);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_hthread_sync_and_null_currpc(duk_hthread *thr);

#endif  /* DUK_HTHREAD_H_INCLUDED */
/*
 *  Heap buffer representation.
 *
 *  Heap allocated user data buffer which is either:
 *
 *    1. A fixed size buffer (data follows header statically)
 *    2. A dynamic size buffer (data pointer follows header)
 *
 *  The data pointer for a variable size buffer of zero size may be NULL.
 */

#ifndef DUK_HBUFFER_H_INCLUDED
#define DUK_HBUFFER_H_INCLUDED

/*
 *  Flags
 *
 *  Fixed buffer:     0
 *  Dynamic buffer:   DUK_HBUFFER_FLAG_DYNAMIC
 *  External buffer:  DUK_HBUFFER_FLAG_DYNAMIC | DUK_HBUFFER_FLAG_EXTERNAL
 */

#define DUK_HBUFFER_FLAG_DYNAMIC                  DUK_HEAPHDR_USER_FLAG(0)    /* buffer is behind a pointer, dynamic or external */
#define DUK_HBUFFER_FLAG_EXTERNAL                 DUK_HEAPHDR_USER_FLAG(1)    /* buffer pointer is to an externally allocated buffer */

#define DUK_HBUFFER_HAS_DYNAMIC(x)                DUK_HEAPHDR_CHECK_FLAG_BITS(&(x)->hdr, DUK_HBUFFER_FLAG_DYNAMIC)
#define DUK_HBUFFER_HAS_EXTERNAL(x)               DUK_HEAPHDR_CHECK_FLAG_BITS(&(x)->hdr, DUK_HBUFFER_FLAG_EXTERNAL)

#define DUK_HBUFFER_SET_DYNAMIC(x)                DUK_HEAPHDR_SET_FLAG_BITS(&(x)->hdr, DUK_HBUFFER_FLAG_DYNAMIC)
#define DUK_HBUFFER_SET_EXTERNAL(x)               DUK_HEAPHDR_SET_FLAG_BITS(&(x)->hdr, DUK_HBUFFER_FLAG_EXTERNAL)

#define DUK_HBUFFER_CLEAR_DYNAMIC(x)              DUK_HEAPHDR_CLEAR_FLAG_BITS(&(x)->hdr, DUK_HBUFFER_FLAG_DYNAMIC)
#define DUK_HBUFFER_CLEAR_EXTERNAL(x)             DUK_HEAPHDR_CLEAR_FLAG_BITS(&(x)->hdr, DUK_HBUFFER_FLAG_EXTERNAL)

/*
 *  Misc defines
 */

/* Impose a maximum buffer length for now.  Restricted artificially to
 * ensure resize computations or adding a heap header length won't
 * overflow size_t and that a signed duk_int_t can hold a buffer
 * length.  The limit should be synchronized with DUK_HSTRING_MAX_BYTELEN.
 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_BUFLEN16)
#define DUK_HBUFFER_MAX_BYTELEN                   (0x0000ffffUL)
#else
/* Intentionally not 0x7fffffffUL; at least JSON code expects that
 * 2*len + 2 fits in 32 bits.
 */
#define DUK_HBUFFER_MAX_BYTELEN                   (0x7ffffffeUL)
#endif

/*
 *  Field access
 */

/* Get/set the current user visible size, without accounting for a dynamic
 * buffer's "spare" (= usable size).
 */
#if defined(DUK_USE_BUFLEN16)
/* size stored in duk_heaphdr unused flag bits */
#define DUK_HBUFFER_GET_SIZE(x)     ((x)->hdr.h_flags >> 16)
#define DUK_HBUFFER_SET_SIZE(x,v)   do { \
		duk_size_t duk__v; \
		duk__v = (v); \
		DUK_ASSERT(duk__v <= 0xffffUL); \
		(x)->hdr.h_flags = ((x)->hdr.h_flags & 0x0000ffffUL) | (((duk_uint32_t) duk__v) << 16); \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_HBUFFER_ADD_SIZE(x,dv)  do { \
		(x)->hdr.h_flags += ((dv) << 16); \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_HBUFFER_SUB_SIZE(x,dv)  do { \
		(x)->hdr.h_flags -= ((dv) << 16); \
	} while (0)
#else
#define DUK_HBUFFER_GET_SIZE(x)     (((duk_hbuffer *) (x))->size)
#define DUK_HBUFFER_SET_SIZE(x,v)   do { \
		((duk_hbuffer *) (x))->size = (v); \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_HBUFFER_ADD_SIZE(x,dv)  do { \
		(x)->size += (dv); \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_HBUFFER_SUB_SIZE(x,dv)  do { \
		(x)->size -= (dv); \
	} while (0)
#endif

#define DUK_HBUFFER_FIXED_GET_SIZE(x)       DUK_HBUFFER_GET_SIZE((duk_hbuffer *) (x))
#define DUK_HBUFFER_FIXED_SET_SIZE(x,v)     DUK_HBUFFER_SET_SIZE((duk_hbuffer *) (x))

#define DUK_HBUFFER_DYNAMIC_GET_SIZE(x)     DUK_HBUFFER_GET_SIZE((duk_hbuffer *) (x))
#define DUK_HBUFFER_DYNAMIC_SET_SIZE(x,v)   DUK_HBUFFER_SET_SIZE((duk_hbuffer *) (x), (v))
#define DUK_HBUFFER_DYNAMIC_ADD_SIZE(x,dv)  DUK_HBUFFER_ADD_SIZE((duk_hbuffer *) (x), (dv))
#define DUK_HBUFFER_DYNAMIC_SUB_SIZE(x,dv)  DUK_HBUFFER_SUB_SIZE((duk_hbuffer *) (x), (dv))

#define DUK_HBUFFER_EXTERNAL_GET_SIZE(x)    DUK_HBUFFER_GET_SIZE((duk_hbuffer *) (x))
#define DUK_HBUFFER_EXTERNAL_SET_SIZE(x,v)  DUK_HBUFFER_SET_SIZE((duk_hbuffer *) (x), (v))

#define DUK_HBUFFER_FIXED_GET_DATA_PTR(heap,x)    ((duk_uint8_t *) (((duk_hbuffer_fixed *) (x)) + 1))

#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
#define DUK_HBUFFER_DYNAMIC_GET_DATA_PTR(heap,x) \
	((void *) DUK_USE_HEAPPTR_DEC16((heap)->heap_udata, ((duk_heaphdr *) (x))->h_extra16))
#define DUK_HBUFFER_DYNAMIC_SET_DATA_PTR(heap,x,v)     do { \
		((duk_heaphdr *) (x))->h_extra16 = DUK_USE_HEAPPTR_ENC16((heap)->heap_udata, (void *) (v)); \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_HBUFFER_DYNAMIC_SET_DATA_PTR_NULL(heap,x)  do { \
		((duk_heaphdr *) (x))->h_extra16 = 0;  /* assume 0 <=> NULL */ \
	} while (0)
#else
#define DUK_HBUFFER_DYNAMIC_GET_DATA_PTR(heap,x)       ((x)->curr_alloc)
#define DUK_HBUFFER_DYNAMIC_SET_DATA_PTR(heap,x,v)     do { \
		(x)->curr_alloc = (void *) (v); \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_HBUFFER_DYNAMIC_SET_DATA_PTR_NULL(heap,x)  do { \
		(x)->curr_alloc = (void *) NULL; \
	} while (0)
#endif

/* No pointer compression because pointer is potentially outside of
 * Duktape heap.
 */
#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
#define DUK_HBUFFER_EXTERNAL_GET_DATA_PTR(heap,x) \
	((void *) (x)->curr_alloc)
#define DUK_HBUFFER_EXTERNAL_SET_DATA_PTR(heap,x,v)     do { \
		(x)->curr_alloc = (void *) (v); \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_HBUFFER_EXTERNAL_SET_DATA_PTR_NULL(heap,x)  do { \
		(x)->curr_alloc = (void *) NULL; \
	} while (0)
#else
#define DUK_HBUFFER_EXTERNAL_GET_DATA_PTR(heap,x) \
	((void *) (x)->curr_alloc)
#define DUK_HBUFFER_EXTERNAL_SET_DATA_PTR(heap,x,v)     do { \
		(x)->curr_alloc = (void *) (v); \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_HBUFFER_EXTERNAL_SET_DATA_PTR_NULL(heap,x)  do { \
		(x)->curr_alloc = (void *) NULL; \
	} while (0)
#endif

/* Get a pointer to the current buffer contents (matching current allocation
 * size).  May be NULL for zero size dynamic/external buffer.
 */
#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
#define DUK_HBUFFER_GET_DATA_PTR(heap,x)  ( \
	DUK_HBUFFER_HAS_DYNAMIC((x)) ? \
		( \
			DUK_HBUFFER_HAS_EXTERNAL((x)) ? \
				DUK_HBUFFER_EXTERNAL_GET_DATA_PTR((heap), (duk_hbuffer_external *) (x)) : \
				DUK_HBUFFER_DYNAMIC_GET_DATA_PTR((heap), (duk_hbuffer_dynamic *) (x)) \
		) : \
		DUK_HBUFFER_FIXED_GET_DATA_PTR((heap), (duk_hbuffer_fixed *) (x)) \
	)
#else
/* Without heap pointer compression duk_hbuffer_dynamic and duk_hbuffer_external
 * have the same layout so checking for fixed vs. dynamic (or external) is enough.
 */
#define DUK_HBUFFER_GET_DATA_PTR(heap,x)  ( \
	DUK_HBUFFER_HAS_DYNAMIC((x)) ? \
		DUK_HBUFFER_DYNAMIC_GET_DATA_PTR((heap), (duk_hbuffer_dynamic *) (x)) : \
		DUK_HBUFFER_FIXED_GET_DATA_PTR((heap), (duk_hbuffer_fixed *) (x)) \
	)
#endif

/*
 *  Structs
 */

/* Shared prefix for all buffer types. */
struct duk_hbuffer {
	duk_heaphdr hdr;

	/* It's not strictly necessary to track the current size, but
	 * it is useful for writing robust native code.
	 */

	/* Current size (not counting a dynamic buffer's "spare"). */
#if defined(DUK_USE_BUFLEN16)
	/* Stored in duk_heaphdr unused flags. */
#else
	duk_size_t size;
#endif

	/*
	 *  Data following the header depends on the DUK_HBUFFER_FLAG_DYNAMIC
	 *  flag.
	 *
	 *  If the flag is clear (the buffer is a fixed size one), the buffer
	 *  data follows the header directly, consisting of 'size' bytes.
	 *
	 *  If the flag is set, the actual buffer is allocated separately, and
	 *  a few control fields follow the header.  Specifically:
	 *
	 *    - a "void *" pointing to the current allocation
	 *    - a duk_size_t indicating the full allocated size (always >= 'size')
	 *
	 *  If DUK_HBUFFER_FLAG_EXTERNAL is set, the buffer has been allocated
	 *  by user code, so that Duktape won't be able to resize it and won't
	 *  free it.  This allows buffers to point to e.g. an externally
	 *  allocated structure such as a frame buffer.
	 *
	 *  Unlike strings, no terminator byte (NUL) is guaranteed after the
	 *  data.  This would be convenient, but would pad aligned user buffers
	 *  unnecessarily upwards in size.  For instance, if user code requested
	 *  a 64-byte dynamic buffer, 65 bytes would actually be allocated which
	 *  would then potentially round upwards to perhaps 68 or 72 bytes.
	 */
};

/* Fixed buffer; data follows struct, with proper alignment guaranteed by
 * struct size.
 */
#if (DUK_USE_ALIGN_BY == 8) && defined(DUK_USE_PACK_MSVC_PRAGMA)
#pragma pack(push, 8)
#endif
struct duk_hbuffer_fixed {
	/* A union is used here as a portable struct size / alignment trick:
	 * by adding a 32-bit or a 64-bit (unused) union member, the size of
	 * the struct is effectively forced to be a multiple of 4 or 8 bytes
	 * (respectively) without increasing the size of the struct unless
	 * necessary.
	 */
	union {
		struct {
			duk_heaphdr hdr;
#if defined(DUK_USE_BUFLEN16)
			/* Stored in duk_heaphdr unused flags. */
#else
			duk_size_t size;
#endif
		} s;
#if (DUK_USE_ALIGN_BY == 4)
		duk_uint32_t dummy_for_align4;
#elif (DUK_USE_ALIGN_BY == 8)
		duk_double_t dummy_for_align8;
#elif (DUK_USE_ALIGN_BY == 1)
		/* no extra padding */
#else
#error invalid DUK_USE_ALIGN_BY
#endif
	} u;

	/*
	 *  Data follows the struct header.  The struct size is padded by the
	 *  compiler based on the struct members.  This guarantees that the
	 *  buffer data will be aligned-by-4 but not necessarily aligned-by-8.
	 *
	 *  On platforms where alignment does not matter, the struct padding
	 *  could be removed (if there is any).  On platforms where alignment
	 *  by 8 is required, the struct size must be forced to be a multiple
	 *  of 8 by some means.  Without it, some user code may break, and also
	 *  Duktape itself breaks (e.g. the compiler stores duk_tvals in a
	 *  dynamic buffer).
	 */
}
#if (DUK_USE_ALIGN_BY == 8) && defined(DUK_USE_PACK_GCC_ATTR)
__attribute__ ((aligned (8)))
#elif (DUK_USE_ALIGN_BY == 8) && defined(DUK_USE_PACK_CLANG_ATTR)
__attribute__ ((aligned (8)))
#endif
;
#if (DUK_USE_ALIGN_BY == 8) && defined(DUK_USE_PACK_MSVC_PRAGMA)
#pragma pack(pop)
#endif

/* Dynamic buffer with 'curr_alloc' pointing to a dynamic area allocated using
 * heap allocation primitives.  Also used for external buffers when low memory
 * options are not used.
 */
struct duk_hbuffer_dynamic {
	duk_heaphdr hdr;

#if defined(DUK_USE_BUFLEN16)
	/* Stored in duk_heaphdr unused flags. */
#else
	duk_size_t size;
#endif

#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
	/* Stored in duk_heaphdr h_extra16. */
#else
	void *curr_alloc;  /* may be NULL if alloc_size == 0 */
#endif

	/*
	 *  Allocation size for 'curr_alloc' is alloc_size.  There is no
	 *  automatic NUL terminator for buffers (see above for rationale).
	 *
	 *  'curr_alloc' is explicitly allocated with heap allocation
	 *  primitives and will thus always have alignment suitable for
	 *  e.g. duk_tval and an IEEE double.
	 */
};

/* External buffer with 'curr_alloc' managed by user code and pointing to an
 * arbitrary address.  When heap pointer compression is not used, this struct
 * has the same layout as duk_hbuffer_dynamic.
 */
struct duk_hbuffer_external {
	duk_heaphdr hdr;

#if defined(DUK_USE_BUFLEN16)
	/* Stored in duk_heaphdr unused flags. */
#else
	duk_size_t size;
#endif

	/* Cannot be compressed as a heap pointer because may point to
	 * an arbitrary address.
	 */
	void *curr_alloc;  /* may be NULL if alloc_size == 0 */
};

/*
 *  Prototypes
 */

DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_hbuffer *duk_hbuffer_alloc(duk_heap *heap, duk_size_t size, duk_small_uint_t flags, void **out_bufdata);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void *duk_hbuffer_get_dynalloc_ptr(duk_heap *heap, void *ud);  /* indirect allocs */

/* dynamic buffer ops */
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_hbuffer_resize(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hbuffer_dynamic *buf, duk_size_t new_size);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_hbuffer_reset(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hbuffer_dynamic *buf);

#endif  /* DUK_HBUFFER_H_INCLUDED */
/*
 *  Heap structure.
 *
 *  Heap contains allocated heap objects, interned strings, and built-in
 *  strings for one or more threads.
 */

#ifndef DUK_HEAP_H_INCLUDED
#define DUK_HEAP_H_INCLUDED

/* alloc function typedefs in duktape.h */

/*
 *  Heap flags
 */

#define DUK_HEAP_FLAG_MARKANDSWEEP_RUNNING                     (1 << 0)  /* mark-and-sweep is currently running */
#define DUK_HEAP_FLAG_MARKANDSWEEP_RECLIMIT_REACHED            (1 << 1)  /* mark-and-sweep marking reached a recursion limit and must use multi-pass marking */
#define DUK_HEAP_FLAG_REFZERO_FREE_RUNNING                     (1 << 2)  /* refcount code is processing refzero list */
#define DUK_HEAP_FLAG_ERRHANDLER_RUNNING                       (1 << 3)  /* an error handler (user callback to augment/replace error) is running */
#define DUK_HEAP_FLAG_INTERRUPT_RUNNING                        (1 << 4)  /* executor interrupt running (used to avoid nested interrupts) */
#define DUK_HEAP_FLAG_FINALIZER_NORESCUE                       (1 << 5)  /* heap destruction ongoing, finalizer rescue no longer possible */

#define DUK__HEAP_HAS_FLAGS(heap,bits)               ((heap)->flags & (bits))
#define DUK__HEAP_SET_FLAGS(heap,bits)  do { \
		(heap)->flags |= (bits); \
	} while (0)
#define DUK__HEAP_CLEAR_FLAGS(heap,bits)  do { \
		(heap)->flags &= ~(bits); \
	} while (0)

#define DUK_HEAP_HAS_MARKANDSWEEP_RUNNING(heap)            DUK__HEAP_HAS_FLAGS((heap), DUK_HEAP_FLAG_MARKANDSWEEP_RUNNING)
#define DUK_HEAP_HAS_MARKANDSWEEP_RECLIMIT_REACHED(heap)   DUK__HEAP_HAS_FLAGS((heap), DUK_HEAP_FLAG_MARKANDSWEEP_RECLIMIT_REACHED)
#define DUK_HEAP_HAS_REFZERO_FREE_RUNNING(heap)            DUK__HEAP_HAS_FLAGS((heap), DUK_HEAP_FLAG_REFZERO_FREE_RUNNING)
#define DUK_HEAP_HAS_ERRHANDLER_RUNNING(heap)              DUK__HEAP_HAS_FLAGS((heap), DUK_HEAP_FLAG_ERRHANDLER_RUNNING)
#define DUK_HEAP_HAS_INTERRUPT_RUNNING(heap)               DUK__HEAP_HAS_FLAGS((heap), DUK_HEAP_FLAG_INTERRUPT_RUNNING)
#define DUK_HEAP_HAS_FINALIZER_NORESCUE(heap)              DUK__HEAP_HAS_FLAGS((heap), DUK_HEAP_FLAG_FINALIZER_NORESCUE)

#define DUK_HEAP_SET_MARKANDSWEEP_RUNNING(heap)            DUK__HEAP_SET_FLAGS((heap), DUK_HEAP_FLAG_MARKANDSWEEP_RUNNING)
#define DUK_HEAP_SET_MARKANDSWEEP_RECLIMIT_REACHED(heap)   DUK__HEAP_SET_FLAGS((heap), DUK_HEAP_FLAG_MARKANDSWEEP_RECLIMIT_REACHED)
#define DUK_HEAP_SET_REFZERO_FREE_RUNNING(heap)            DUK__HEAP_SET_FLAGS((heap), DUK_HEAP_FLAG_REFZERO_FREE_RUNNING)
#define DUK_HEAP_SET_ERRHANDLER_RUNNING(heap)              DUK__HEAP_SET_FLAGS((heap), DUK_HEAP_FLAG_ERRHANDLER_RUNNING)
#define DUK_HEAP_SET_INTERRUPT_RUNNING(heap)               DUK__HEAP_SET_FLAGS((heap), DUK_HEAP_FLAG_INTERRUPT_RUNNING)
#define DUK_HEAP_SET_FINALIZER_NORESCUE(heap)              DUK__HEAP_SET_FLAGS((heap), DUK_HEAP_FLAG_FINALIZER_NORESCUE)

#define DUK_HEAP_CLEAR_MARKANDSWEEP_RUNNING(heap)          DUK__HEAP_CLEAR_FLAGS((heap), DUK_HEAP_FLAG_MARKANDSWEEP_RUNNING)
#define DUK_HEAP_CLEAR_MARKANDSWEEP_RECLIMIT_REACHED(heap) DUK__HEAP_CLEAR_FLAGS((heap), DUK_HEAP_FLAG_MARKANDSWEEP_RECLIMIT_REACHED)
#define DUK_HEAP_CLEAR_REFZERO_FREE_RUNNING(heap)          DUK__HEAP_CLEAR_FLAGS((heap), DUK_HEAP_FLAG_REFZERO_FREE_RUNNING)
#define DUK_HEAP_CLEAR_ERRHANDLER_RUNNING(heap)            DUK__HEAP_CLEAR_FLAGS((heap), DUK_HEAP_FLAG_ERRHANDLER_RUNNING)
#define DUK_HEAP_CLEAR_INTERRUPT_RUNNING(heap)             DUK__HEAP_CLEAR_FLAGS((heap), DUK_HEAP_FLAG_INTERRUPT_RUNNING)
#define DUK_HEAP_CLEAR_FINALIZER_NORESCUE(heap)            DUK__HEAP_CLEAR_FLAGS((heap), DUK_HEAP_FLAG_FINALIZER_NORESCUE)

/*
 *  Longjmp types, also double as identifying continuation type for a rethrow (in 'finally')
 */

#define DUK_LJ_TYPE_UNKNOWN      0    /* unused */
#define DUK_LJ_TYPE_THROW        1    /* value1 -> error object */
#define DUK_LJ_TYPE_YIELD        2    /* value1 -> yield value, iserror -> error / normal */
#define DUK_LJ_TYPE_RESUME       3    /* value1 -> resume value, value2 -> resumee thread, iserror -> error/normal */
#define DUK_LJ_TYPE_BREAK        4    /* value1 -> label number, pseudo-type to indicate a break continuation (for ENDFIN) */
#define DUK_LJ_TYPE_CONTINUE     5    /* value1 -> label number, pseudo-type to indicate a continue continuation (for ENDFIN) */
#define DUK_LJ_TYPE_RETURN       6    /* value1 -> return value, pseudo-type to indicate a return continuation (for ENDFIN) */
#define DUK_LJ_TYPE_NORMAL       7    /* no value, pseudo-type to indicate a normal continuation (for ENDFIN) */

/*
 *  Mark-and-sweep flags
 *
 *  These are separate from heap level flags now but could be merged.
 *  The heap structure only contains a 'base mark-and-sweep flags'
 *  field and the GC caller can impose further flags.
 */

#define DUK_MS_FLAG_EMERGENCY                (1 << 0)   /* emergency mode: try extra hard */
#define DUK_MS_FLAG_NO_STRINGTABLE_RESIZE    (1 << 1)   /* don't resize stringtable (but may sweep it); needed during stringtable resize */
#define DUK_MS_FLAG_NO_OBJECT_COMPACTION     (1 << 2)   /* don't compact objects; needed during object property allocation resize */
#define DUK_MS_FLAG_NO_FINALIZERS            (1 << 3)   /* don't run finalizers; leave finalizable objects in finalize_list for next round */
#define DUK_MS_FLAG_SKIP_FINALIZERS          (1 << 4)   /* don't run finalizers; queue finalizable objects back to heap_allocated */

/*
 *  Thread switching
 *
 *  To switch heap->curr_thread, use the macro below so that interrupt counters
 *  get updated correctly.  The macro allows a NULL target thread because that
 *  happens e.g. in call handling.
 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_INTERRUPT_COUNTER)
#define DUK_HEAP_SWITCH_THREAD(heap,newthr)  duk_heap_switch_thread((heap), (newthr))
#else
#define DUK_HEAP_SWITCH_THREAD(heap,newthr)  do { \
		(heap)->curr_thread = (newthr); \
	} while (0)
#endif

/*
 *  Other heap related defines
 */

/* Mark-and-sweep interval is relative to combined count of objects and
 * strings kept in the heap during the latest mark-and-sweep pass.
 * Fixed point .8 multiplier and .0 adder.  Trigger count (interval) is
 * decreased by each (re)allocation attempt (regardless of size), and each
 * refzero processed object.
 *
 * 'SKIP' indicates how many (re)allocations to wait until a retry if
 * GC is skipped because there is no thread do it with yet (happens
 * only during init phases).
 */
#if defined(DUK_USE_MARK_AND_SWEEP)
#if defined(DUK_USE_REFERENCE_COUNTING)
#define DUK_HEAP_MARK_AND_SWEEP_TRIGGER_MULT              12800L  /* 50x heap size */
#define DUK_HEAP_MARK_AND_SWEEP_TRIGGER_ADD               1024L
#define DUK_HEAP_MARK_AND_SWEEP_TRIGGER_SKIP              256L
#else
#define DUK_HEAP_MARK_AND_SWEEP_TRIGGER_MULT              256L    /* 1x heap size */
#define DUK_HEAP_MARK_AND_SWEEP_TRIGGER_ADD               1024L
#define DUK_HEAP_MARK_AND_SWEEP_TRIGGER_SKIP              256L
#endif
#endif

/* Stringcache is used for speeding up char-offset-to-byte-offset
 * translations for non-ASCII strings.
 */
#define DUK_HEAP_STRCACHE_SIZE                            4
#define DUK_HEAP_STRINGCACHE_NOCACHE_LIMIT                16  /* strings up to the this length are not cached */

/* helper to insert a (non-string) heap object into heap allocated list */
#define DUK_HEAP_INSERT_INTO_HEAP_ALLOCATED(heap,hdr)     duk_heap_insert_into_heap_allocated((heap),(hdr))

/*
 *  Stringtable
 */

/* initial stringtable size, must be prime and higher than DUK_UTIL_MIN_HASH_PRIME */
#define DUK_STRTAB_INITIAL_SIZE            17

/* indicates a deleted string; any fixed non-NULL, non-hstring pointer works */
#define DUK_STRTAB_DELETED_MARKER(heap)    ((duk_hstring *) heap)

/* resizing parameters */
#define DUK_STRTAB_MIN_FREE_DIVISOR        4                /* load factor max 75% */
#define DUK_STRTAB_MIN_USED_DIVISOR        4                /* load factor min 25% */
#define DUK_STRTAB_GROW_ST_SIZE(n)         ((n) + (n))      /* used entries + approx 100% -> reset load to 50% */

#define DUK_STRTAB_U32_MAX_STRLEN          10               /* 4'294'967'295 */
#define DUK_STRTAB_HIGHEST_32BIT_PRIME     0xfffffffbUL

/* probe sequence (open addressing) */
#define DUK_STRTAB_HASH_INITIAL(hash,h_size)    ((hash) % (h_size))
#define DUK_STRTAB_HASH_PROBE_STEP(hash)        DUK_UTIL_GET_HASH_PROBE_STEP((hash))

/* fixed top level hashtable size (separate chaining) */
#define DUK_STRTAB_CHAIN_SIZE              DUK_USE_STRTAB_CHAIN_SIZE

/*
 *  Built-in strings
 */

/* heap string indices are autogenerated in duk_strings.h */
#if defined(DUK_USE_ROM_STRINGS)
#define DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING(heap,idx) \
	((duk_hstring *) DUK_LOSE_CONST(duk_rom_strings_stridx[(idx)]))
#else  /* DUK_USE_ROM_STRINGS */
#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
#define DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING(heap,idx) \
	((duk_hstring *) DUK_USE_HEAPPTR_DEC16((heap)->heap_udata, (heap)->strs16[(idx)]))
#else
#define DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING(heap,idx) \
	((heap)->strs[(idx)])
#endif
#endif  /* DUK_USE_ROM_STRINGS */

/*
 *  Raw memory calls: relative to heap, but no GC interaction
 */

#define DUK_ALLOC_RAW(heap,size) \
	((heap)->alloc_func((heap)->heap_udata, (size)))

#define DUK_REALLOC_RAW(heap,ptr,newsize) \
	((heap)->realloc_func((heap)->heap_udata, (void *) (ptr), (newsize)))

#define DUK_FREE_RAW(heap,ptr) \
	((heap)->free_func((heap)->heap_udata, (void *) (ptr)))

/*
 *  Memory calls: relative to heap, GC interaction, but no error throwing.
 *
 *  XXX: Currently a mark-and-sweep triggered by memory allocation will run
 *  using the heap->heap_thread.  This thread is also used for running
 *  mark-and-sweep finalization; this is not ideal because it breaks the
 *  isolation between multiple global environments.
 *
 *  Notes:
 *
 *    - DUK_FREE() is required to ignore NULL and any other possible return
 *      value of a zero-sized alloc/realloc (same as ANSI C free()).
 *
 *    - There is no DUK_REALLOC_ZEROED because we don't assume to know the
 *      old size.  Caller must zero the reallocated memory.
 *
 *    - DUK_REALLOC_INDIRECT() must be used when a mark-and-sweep triggered
 *      by an allocation failure might invalidate the original 'ptr', thus
 *      causing a realloc retry to use an invalid pointer.  Example: we're
 *      reallocating the value stack and a finalizer resizes the same value
 *      stack during mark-and-sweep.  The indirect variant requests for the
 *      current location of the pointer being reallocated using a callback
 *      right before every realloc attempt; this circuitous approach is used
 *      to avoid strict aliasing issues in a more straightforward indirect
 *      pointer (void **) approach.  Note: the pointer in the storage
 *      location is read but is NOT updated; the caller must do that.
 */

/* callback for indirect reallocs, request for current pointer */
typedef void *(*duk_mem_getptr)(duk_heap *heap, void *ud);

#define DUK_ALLOC(heap,size)                            duk_heap_mem_alloc((heap), (size))
#define DUK_ALLOC_ZEROED(heap,size)                     duk_heap_mem_alloc_zeroed((heap), (size))
#define DUK_REALLOC(heap,ptr,newsize)                   duk_heap_mem_realloc((heap), (ptr), (newsize))
#define DUK_REALLOC_INDIRECT(heap,cb,ud,newsize)        duk_heap_mem_realloc_indirect((heap), (cb), (ud), (newsize))
#define DUK_FREE(heap,ptr)                              duk_heap_mem_free((heap), (ptr))

/*
 *  Memory constants
 */

#define DUK_HEAP_ALLOC_FAIL_MARKANDSWEEP_LIMIT           5   /* Retry allocation after mark-and-sweep for this
                                                              * many times.  A single mark-and-sweep round is
                                                              * not guaranteed to free all unreferenced memory
                                                              * because of finalization (in fact, ANY number of
                                                              * rounds is strictly not enough).
                                                              */

#define DUK_HEAP_ALLOC_FAIL_MARKANDSWEEP_EMERGENCY_LIMIT  3  /* Starting from this round, use emergency mode
                                                              * for mark-and-sweep.
                                                              */

/*
 *  Debugger support
 */

/* Maximum number of breakpoints.  Only breakpoints that are set are
 * consulted so increasing this has no performance impact.
 */
#define DUK_HEAP_MAX_BREAKPOINTS          16

/* Opcode interval for a Date-based status/peek rate limit check.  Only
 * relevant when debugger is attached.  Requesting a timestamp may be a
 * slow operation on some platforms so this shouldn't be too low.  On the
 * other hand a high value makes Duktape react to a pause request slowly.
 */
#define DUK_HEAP_DBG_RATELIMIT_OPCODES    4000

/* Milliseconds between status notify and transport peeks. */
#define DUK_HEAP_DBG_RATELIMIT_MILLISECS  200

/* Step types */
#define DUK_STEP_TYPE_NONE  0
#define DUK_STEP_TYPE_INTO  1
#define DUK_STEP_TYPE_OVER  2
#define DUK_STEP_TYPE_OUT   3

struct duk_breakpoint {
	duk_hstring *filename;
	duk_uint32_t line;
};

#if defined(DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_SUPPORT)
#define DUK_HEAP_IS_DEBUGGER_ATTACHED(heap) ((heap)->dbg_read_cb != NULL)
#define DUK_HEAP_CLEAR_STEP_STATE(heap) do { \
		(heap)->dbg_step_type = DUK_STEP_TYPE_NONE; \
		(heap)->dbg_step_thread = NULL; \
		(heap)->dbg_step_csindex = 0; \
		(heap)->dbg_step_startline = 0; \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_HEAP_SET_PAUSED(heap) do { \
		(heap)->dbg_paused = 1; \
		(heap)->dbg_state_dirty = 1; \
		DUK_HEAP_CLEAR_STEP_STATE((heap)); \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_HEAP_CLEAR_PAUSED(heap) do { \
		(heap)->dbg_paused = 0; \
		(heap)->dbg_state_dirty = 1; \
		DUK_HEAP_CLEAR_STEP_STATE((heap)); \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_HEAP_IS_PAUSED(heap) ((heap)->dbg_paused)
#endif  /* DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_SUPPORT */

/*
 *  String cache should ideally be at duk_hthread level, but that would
 *  cause string finalization to slow down relative to the number of
 *  threads; string finalization must check the string cache for "weak"
 *  references to the string being finalized to avoid dead pointers.
 *
 *  Thus, string caches are now at the heap level now.
 */

struct duk_strcache {
	duk_hstring *h;
	duk_uint32_t bidx;
	duk_uint32_t cidx;
};

/*
 *  Longjmp state, contains the information needed to perform a longjmp.
 *  Longjmp related values are written to value1, value2, and iserror.
 */

struct duk_ljstate {
	duk_jmpbuf *jmpbuf_ptr;   /* current setjmp() catchpoint */
	duk_small_uint_t type;    /* longjmp type */
	duk_bool_t iserror;       /* isError flag for yield */
	duk_tval value1;          /* 1st related value (type specific) */
	duk_tval value2;          /* 2nd related value (type specific) */
};

/*
 *  Stringtable entry for fixed size stringtable
 */

struct duk_strtab_entry {
#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
	/* A 16-bit listlen makes sense with 16-bit heap pointers: there
	 * won't be space for 64k strings anyway.
	 */
	duk_uint16_t listlen;  /* if 0, 'str16' used, if > 0, 'strlist16' used */
	union {
		duk_uint16_t strlist16;
		duk_uint16_t str16;
	} u;
#else
	duk_size_t listlen;  /* if 0, 'str' used, if > 0, 'strlist' used */
	union {
		duk_hstring **strlist;
		duk_hstring *str;
	} u;
#endif
};

/*
 *  Main heap structure
 */

struct duk_heap {
	duk_small_uint_t flags;

	/* Allocator functions. */
	duk_alloc_function alloc_func;
	duk_realloc_function realloc_func;
	duk_free_function free_func;

	/* Heap udata, used for allocator functions but also for other heap
	 * level callbacks like pointer compression, etc.
	 */
	void *heap_udata;

	/* Precomputed pointers when using 16-bit heap pointer packing. */
#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
	duk_uint16_t heapptr_null16;
	duk_uint16_t heapptr_deleted16;
#endif

	/* Fatal error handling, called e.g. when a longjmp() is needed but
	 * lj.jmpbuf_ptr is NULL.  fatal_func must never return; it's not
	 * declared as "noreturn" because doing that for typedefs is a bit
	 * challenging portability-wise.
	 */
	duk_fatal_function fatal_func;

	/* allocated heap objects */
	duk_heaphdr *heap_allocated;

	/* work list for objects whose refcounts are zero but which have not been
	 * "finalized"; avoids recursive C calls when refcounts go to zero in a
	 * chain of objects.
	 */
#if defined(DUK_USE_REFERENCE_COUNTING)
	duk_heaphdr *refzero_list;
	duk_heaphdr *refzero_list_tail;
#endif

#if defined(DUK_USE_MARK_AND_SWEEP)
	/* mark-and-sweep control */
#if defined(DUK_USE_VOLUNTARY_GC)
	duk_int_t mark_and_sweep_trigger_counter;
#endif
	duk_int_t mark_and_sweep_recursion_depth;

	/* mark-and-sweep flags automatically active (used for critical sections) */
	duk_small_uint_t mark_and_sweep_base_flags;

	/* work list for objects to be finalized (by mark-and-sweep) */
	duk_heaphdr *finalize_list;
#endif

	/* longjmp state */
	duk_ljstate lj;

	/* marker for detecting internal "double faults", see duk_error_throw.c */
	duk_bool_t handling_error;

	/* heap thread, used internally and for finalization */
	duk_hthread *heap_thread;

	/* current thread */
	duk_hthread *curr_thread;  /* currently running thread */

	/* heap level "stash" object (e.g., various reachability roots) */
	duk_hobject *heap_object;

	/* duk_handle_call / duk_handle_safe_call recursion depth limiting */
	duk_int_t call_recursion_depth;
	duk_int_t call_recursion_limit;

	/* mix-in value for computing string hashes; should be reasonably unpredictable */
	duk_uint32_t hash_seed;

	/* rnd_state for duk_util_tinyrandom.c */
	duk_uint32_t rnd_state;

	/* For manual debugging: instruction count based on executor and
	 * interrupt counter book-keeping.  Inspect debug logs to see how
	 * they match up.
	 */
#if defined(DUK_USE_INTERRUPT_COUNTER) && defined(DUK_USE_DEBUG)
	duk_int_t inst_count_exec;
	duk_int_t inst_count_interrupt;
#endif

	/* debugger */

#if defined(DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_SUPPORT)
	/* callbacks and udata; dbg_read_cb != NULL is used to indicate attached state */
	duk_debug_read_function dbg_read_cb;                /* required, NULL implies detached */
	duk_debug_write_function dbg_write_cb;              /* required */
	duk_debug_peek_function dbg_peek_cb;
	duk_debug_read_flush_function dbg_read_flush_cb;
	duk_debug_write_flush_function dbg_write_flush_cb;
	duk_debug_request_function dbg_request_cb;
	duk_debug_detached_function dbg_detached_cb;
	void *dbg_udata;

	/* debugger state, only relevant when attached */
	duk_bool_t dbg_processing;              /* currently processing messages or breakpoints: don't enter message processing recursively (e.g. no breakpoints when processing debugger eval) */
	duk_bool_t dbg_paused;                  /* currently paused: talk with debug client until step/resume */
	duk_bool_t dbg_state_dirty;             /* resend state next time executor is about to run */
	duk_bool_t dbg_force_restart;           /* force executor restart to recheck breakpoints; used to handle function returns (see GH-303) */
	duk_bool_t dbg_detaching;               /* debugger detaching; used to avoid calling detach handler recursively */
	duk_small_uint_t dbg_step_type;         /* step type: none, step into, step over, step out */
	duk_hthread *dbg_step_thread;           /* borrowed; NULL if no step state (NULLed in unwind) */
	duk_size_t dbg_step_csindex;            /* callstack index */
	duk_uint32_t dbg_step_startline;        /* starting line number */
	duk_breakpoint dbg_breakpoints[DUK_HEAP_MAX_BREAKPOINTS];  /* breakpoints: [0,breakpoint_count[ gc reachable */
	duk_small_uint_t dbg_breakpoint_count;
	duk_breakpoint *dbg_breakpoints_active[DUK_HEAP_MAX_BREAKPOINTS + 1];  /* currently active breakpoints: NULL term, borrowed pointers */
	/* XXX: make active breakpoints actual copies instead of pointers? */

	/* These are for rate limiting Status notifications and transport peeking. */
	duk_uint32_t dbg_exec_counter;          /* cumulative opcode execution count (overflows are OK) */
	duk_uint32_t dbg_last_counter;          /* value of dbg_exec_counter when we last did a Date-based check */
	duk_double_t dbg_last_time;             /* time when status/peek was last done (Date-based rate limit) */

	/* Used to support single-byte stream lookahead. */
	duk_bool_t dbg_have_next_byte;
	duk_uint8_t dbg_next_byte;
#endif

	/* string intern table (weak refs) */
#if defined(DUK_USE_STRTAB_PROBE)
#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
	duk_uint16_t *strtable16;
#else
	duk_hstring **strtable;
#endif
	duk_uint32_t st_size;     /* alloc size in elements */
	duk_uint32_t st_used;     /* used elements (includes DELETED) */
#endif

	/* XXX: static alloc is OK until separate chaining stringtable
	 * resizing is implemented.
	 */
#if defined(DUK_USE_STRTAB_CHAIN)
	duk_strtab_entry strtable[DUK_STRTAB_CHAIN_SIZE];
#endif

	/* string access cache (codepoint offset -> byte offset) for fast string
	 * character looping; 'weak' reference which needs special handling in GC.
	 */
	duk_strcache strcache[DUK_HEAP_STRCACHE_SIZE];

	/* built-in strings */
#if defined(DUK_USE_ROM_STRINGS)
	/* No field needed when strings are in ROM. */
#else
#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
	duk_uint16_t strs16[DUK_HEAP_NUM_STRINGS];
#else
	duk_hstring *strs[DUK_HEAP_NUM_STRINGS];
#endif
#endif
};

/*
 *  Prototypes
 */

DUK_INTERNAL_DECL
duk_heap *duk_heap_alloc(duk_alloc_function alloc_func,
                         duk_realloc_function realloc_func,
                         duk_free_function free_func,
                         void *heap_udata,
                         duk_fatal_function fatal_func);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_heap_free(duk_heap *heap);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_free_hobject_inner(duk_heap *heap, duk_hobject *h);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_free_hbuffer_inner(duk_heap *heap, duk_hbuffer *h);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_free_hstring_inner(duk_heap *heap, duk_hstring *h);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_heap_free_heaphdr_raw(duk_heap *heap, duk_heaphdr *hdr);

DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_heap_insert_into_heap_allocated(duk_heap *heap, duk_heaphdr *hdr);
#if defined(DUK_USE_DOUBLE_LINKED_HEAP) && defined(DUK_USE_REFERENCE_COUNTING)
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_heap_remove_any_from_heap_allocated(duk_heap *heap, duk_heaphdr *hdr);
#endif
#if defined(DUK_USE_INTERRUPT_COUNTER)
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_heap_switch_thread(duk_heap *heap, duk_hthread *new_thr);
#endif

#if 0  /*unused*/
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_hstring *duk_heap_string_lookup(duk_heap *heap, const duk_uint8_t *str, duk_uint32_t blen);
#endif
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_hstring *duk_heap_string_intern(duk_heap *heap, const duk_uint8_t *str, duk_uint32_t blen);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_hstring *duk_heap_string_intern_checked(duk_hthread *thr, const duk_uint8_t *str, duk_uint32_t len);
#if 0  /*unused*/
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_hstring *duk_heap_string_lookup_u32(duk_heap *heap, duk_uint32_t val);
#endif
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_hstring *duk_heap_string_intern_u32(duk_heap *heap, duk_uint32_t val);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_hstring *duk_heap_string_intern_u32_checked(duk_hthread *thr, duk_uint32_t val);
#if defined(DUK_USE_REFERENCE_COUNTING)
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_heap_string_remove(duk_heap *heap, duk_hstring *h);
#endif
#if defined(DUK_USE_MARK_AND_SWEEP) && defined(DUK_USE_MS_STRINGTABLE_RESIZE)
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_heap_force_strtab_resize(duk_heap *heap);
#endif
DUK_INTERNAL void duk_heap_free_strtab(duk_heap *heap);
#if defined(DUK_USE_DEBUG)
DUK_INTERNAL void duk_heap_dump_strtab(duk_heap *heap);
#endif


DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_heap_strcache_string_remove(duk_heap *heap, duk_hstring *h);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_uint_fast32_t duk_heap_strcache_offset_char2byte(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hstring *h, duk_uint_fast32_t char_offset);

#if defined(DUK_USE_PROVIDE_DEFAULT_ALLOC_FUNCTIONS)
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void *duk_default_alloc_function(void *udata, duk_size_t size);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void *duk_default_realloc_function(void *udata, void *ptr, duk_size_t newsize);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_default_free_function(void *udata, void *ptr);
#endif

DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void *duk_heap_mem_alloc(duk_heap *heap, duk_size_t size);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void *duk_heap_mem_alloc_zeroed(duk_heap *heap, duk_size_t size);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void *duk_heap_mem_realloc(duk_heap *heap, void *ptr, duk_size_t newsize);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void *duk_heap_mem_realloc_indirect(duk_heap *heap, duk_mem_getptr cb, void *ud, duk_size_t newsize);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_heap_mem_free(duk_heap *heap, void *ptr);

#ifdef DUK_USE_REFERENCE_COUNTING
#if !defined(DUK_USE_FAST_REFCOUNT_DEFAULT)
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_tval_incref(duk_tval *tv);
#endif
#if 0  /* unused */
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_tval_incref_allownull(duk_tval *tv);
#endif
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_tval_decref(duk_hthread *thr, duk_tval *tv);
#if 0  /* unused */
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_tval_decref_allownull(duk_hthread *thr, duk_tval *tv);
#endif
#if !defined(DUK_USE_FAST_REFCOUNT_DEFAULT)
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_heaphdr_incref(duk_heaphdr *h);
#endif
#if 0  /* unused */
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_heaphdr_incref_allownull(duk_heaphdr *h);
#endif
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_heaphdr_decref(duk_hthread *thr, duk_heaphdr *h);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_heaphdr_decref_allownull(duk_hthread *thr, duk_heaphdr *h);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_heaphdr_refzero(duk_hthread *thr, duk_heaphdr *h);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_heaphdr_refcount_finalize(duk_hthread *thr, duk_heaphdr *hdr);
#else
/* no refcounting */
#endif

#if defined(DUK_USE_MARK_AND_SWEEP)
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_bool_t duk_heap_mark_and_sweep(duk_heap *heap, duk_small_uint_t flags);
#endif

DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_uint32_t duk_heap_hashstring(duk_heap *heap, const duk_uint8_t *str, duk_size_t len);

#endif  /* DUK_HEAP_H_INCLUDED */
#ifndef DUK_DEBUGGER_H_INCLUDED
#define DUK_DEBUGGER_H_INCLUDED

/* Debugger protocol version is defined in the public API header. */

/* Initial bytes for markers. */
#define DUK_DBG_IB_EOM                   0x00
#define DUK_DBG_IB_REQUEST               0x01
#define DUK_DBG_IB_REPLY                 0x02
#define DUK_DBG_IB_ERROR                 0x03
#define DUK_DBG_IB_NOTIFY                0x04

/* Other initial bytes. */
#define DUK_DBG_IB_INT4                  0x10
#define DUK_DBG_IB_STR4                  0x11
#define DUK_DBG_IB_STR2                  0x12
#define DUK_DBG_IB_BUF4                  0x13
#define DUK_DBG_IB_BUF2                  0x14
#define DUK_DBG_IB_UNUSED                0x15
#define DUK_DBG_IB_UNDEFINED             0x16
#define DUK_DBG_IB_NULL                  0x17
#define DUK_DBG_IB_TRUE                  0x18
#define DUK_DBG_IB_FALSE                 0x19
#define DUK_DBG_IB_NUMBER                0x1a
#define DUK_DBG_IB_OBJECT                0x1b
#define DUK_DBG_IB_POINTER               0x1c
#define DUK_DBG_IB_LIGHTFUNC             0x1d
#define DUK_DBG_IB_HEAPPTR               0x1e
/* The short string/integer initial bytes starting from 0x60 don't have
 * defines now.
 */

/* Error codes. */
#define DUK_DBG_ERR_UNKNOWN              0x00
#define DUK_DBG_ERR_UNSUPPORTED          0x01
#define DUK_DBG_ERR_TOOMANY              0x02
#define DUK_DBG_ERR_NOTFOUND             0x03
#define DUK_DBG_ERR_APPLICATION          0x04

/* Commands and notifys initiated by Duktape. */
#define DUK_DBG_CMD_STATUS               0x01
#define DUK_DBG_CMD_PRINT                0x02
#define DUK_DBG_CMD_ALERT                0x03
#define DUK_DBG_CMD_LOG                  0x04
#define DUK_DBG_CMD_THROW                0x05
#define DUK_DBG_CMD_DETACHING            0x06
#define DUK_DBG_CMD_APPNOTIFY            0x07

/* Commands initiated by debug client. */
#define DUK_DBG_CMD_BASICINFO            0x10
#define DUK_DBG_CMD_TRIGGERSTATUS        0x11
#define DUK_DBG_CMD_PAUSE                0x12
#define DUK_DBG_CMD_RESUME               0x13
#define DUK_DBG_CMD_STEPINTO             0x14
#define DUK_DBG_CMD_STEPOVER             0x15
#define DUK_DBG_CMD_STEPOUT              0x16
#define DUK_DBG_CMD_LISTBREAK            0x17
#define DUK_DBG_CMD_ADDBREAK             0x18
#define DUK_DBG_CMD_DELBREAK             0x19
#define DUK_DBG_CMD_GETVAR               0x1a
#define DUK_DBG_CMD_PUTVAR               0x1b
#define DUK_DBG_CMD_GETCALLSTACK         0x1c
#define DUK_DBG_CMD_GETLOCALS            0x1d
#define DUK_DBG_CMD_EVAL                 0x1e
#define DUK_DBG_CMD_DETACH               0x1f
#define DUK_DBG_CMD_DUMPHEAP             0x20
#define DUK_DBG_CMD_GETBYTECODE          0x21
#define DUK_DBG_CMD_APPREQUEST           0x22
#define DUK_DBG_CMD_GETHEAPOBJINFO       0x23
#define DUK_DBG_CMD_GETOBJPROPDESC       0x24
#define DUK_DBG_CMD_GETOBJPROPDESCRANGE  0x25

/* The low 8 bits map directly to duk_hobject.h DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_xxx.
 * The remaining flags are specific to the debugger.
 */
#define DUK_DBG_PROPFLAG_INTERNAL        (1 << 8)

#if defined(DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_SUPPORT)
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_debug_do_detach(duk_heap *heap);

DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_bool_t duk_debug_read_peek(duk_hthread *thr);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_debug_write_flush(duk_hthread *thr);

DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_debug_skip_bytes(duk_hthread *thr, duk_size_t length);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_debug_skip_byte(duk_hthread *thr);

DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_debug_read_bytes(duk_hthread *thr, duk_uint8_t *data, duk_size_t length);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_uint8_t duk_debug_read_byte(duk_hthread *thr);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_int32_t duk_debug_read_int(duk_hthread *thr);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_hstring *duk_debug_read_hstring(duk_hthread *thr);
/* XXX: exposed duk_debug_read_pointer */
/* XXX: exposed duk_debug_read_buffer */
/* XXX: exposed duk_debug_read_hbuffer */
#if 0
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_heaphdr *duk_debug_read_heapptr(duk_hthread *thr);
#endif
#if defined(DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_INSPECT)
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_heaphdr *duk_debug_read_any_ptr(duk_hthread *thr);
#endif
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_tval *duk_debug_read_tval(duk_hthread *thr);

DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_debug_write_bytes(duk_hthread *thr, const duk_uint8_t *data, duk_size_t length);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_debug_write_byte(duk_hthread *thr, duk_uint8_t x);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_debug_write_unused(duk_hthread *thr);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_debug_write_undefined(duk_hthread *thr);
#if defined(DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_INSPECT)
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_debug_write_null(duk_hthread *thr);
#endif
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_debug_write_boolean(duk_hthread *thr, duk_uint_t val);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_debug_write_int(duk_hthread *thr, duk_int32_t x);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_debug_write_uint(duk_hthread *thr, duk_uint32_t x);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_debug_write_string(duk_hthread *thr, const char *data, duk_size_t length);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_debug_write_cstring(duk_hthread *thr, const char *data);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_debug_write_hstring(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hstring *h);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_debug_write_buffer(duk_hthread *thr, const char *data, duk_size_t length);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_debug_write_hbuffer(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hbuffer *h);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_debug_write_pointer(duk_hthread *thr, void *ptr);
#if defined(DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_DUMPHEAP) || defined(DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_INSPECT)
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_debug_write_heapptr(duk_hthread *thr, duk_heaphdr *h);
#endif
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_debug_write_hobject(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_debug_write_tval(duk_hthread *thr, duk_tval *tv);
#if 0  /* unused */
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_debug_write_request(duk_hthread *thr, duk_small_uint_t command);
#endif
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_debug_write_reply(duk_hthread *thr);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_debug_write_error_eom(duk_hthread *thr, duk_small_uint_t err_code, const char *msg);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_debug_write_notify(duk_hthread *thr, duk_small_uint_t command);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_debug_write_eom(duk_hthread *thr);

DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_uint_fast32_t duk_debug_curr_line(duk_hthread *thr);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_debug_send_status(duk_hthread *thr);
#if defined(DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_THROW_NOTIFY)
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_debug_send_throw(duk_hthread *thr, duk_bool_t fatal);
#endif

DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_debug_halt_execution(duk_hthread *thr, duk_bool_t use_prev_pc);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_bool_t duk_debug_process_messages(duk_hthread *thr, duk_bool_t no_block);

DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_small_int_t duk_debug_add_breakpoint(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hstring *filename, duk_uint32_t line);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_bool_t duk_debug_remove_breakpoint(duk_hthread *thr, duk_small_uint_t breakpoint_index);
#endif

#endif  /* DUK_DEBUGGER_H_INCLUDED */
/*
 *  Debugging macros, DUK_DPRINT() and its variants in particular.
 *
 *  DUK_DPRINT() allows formatted debug prints, and supports standard
 *  and Duktape specific formatters.  See duk_debug_vsnprintf.c for details.
 *
 *  DUK_D(x), DUK_DD(x), and DUK_DDD(x) are used together with log macros
 *  for technical reasons.  They are concretely used to hide 'x' from the
 *  compiler when the corresponding log level is disabled.  This allows
 *  clean builds on non-C99 compilers, at the cost of more verbose code.
 *  Examples:
 *
 *    DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("foo"));
 *    DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("foo"));
 *    DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("foo"));
 *
 *  This approach is preferable to the old "double parentheses" hack because
 *  double parentheses make the C99 solution worse: __FILE__ and __LINE__ can
 *  no longer be added transparently without going through globals, which
 *  works poorly with threading.
 */

#ifndef DUK_DEBUG_H_INCLUDED
#define DUK_DEBUG_H_INCLUDED

#ifdef DUK_USE_DEBUG

#if defined(DUK_USE_DPRINT)
#define DUK_D(x) x
#else
#define DUK_D(x) do { } while (0) /* omit */
#endif

#if defined(DUK_USE_DDPRINT)
#define DUK_DD(x) x
#else
#define DUK_DD(x) do { } while (0) /* omit */
#endif

#if defined(DUK_USE_DDDPRINT)
#define DUK_DDD(x) x
#else
#define DUK_DDD(x) do { } while (0) /* omit */
#endif

/*
 *  Exposed debug macros: debugging enabled
 */

#define DUK_LEVEL_DEBUG    1
#define DUK_LEVEL_DDEBUG   2
#define DUK_LEVEL_DDDEBUG  3

#ifdef DUK_USE_VARIADIC_MACROS

/* Note: combining __FILE__, __LINE__, and __func__ into fmt would be
 * possible compile time, but waste some space with shared function names.
 */
#define DUK__DEBUG_LOG(lev,...)  duk_debug_log((duk_small_int_t) (lev), DUK_FILE_MACRO, (duk_int_t) DUK_LINE_MACRO, DUK_FUNC_MACRO, __VA_ARGS__);

#define DUK_DPRINT(...)          DUK__DEBUG_LOG(DUK_LEVEL_DEBUG, __VA_ARGS__)

#ifdef DUK_USE_DDPRINT
#define DUK_DDPRINT(...)         DUK__DEBUG_LOG(DUK_LEVEL_DDEBUG, __VA_ARGS__)
#else
#define DUK_DDPRINT(...)
#endif

#ifdef DUK_USE_DDDPRINT
#define DUK_DDDPRINT(...)        DUK__DEBUG_LOG(DUK_LEVEL_DDDEBUG, __VA_ARGS__)
#else
#define DUK_DDDPRINT(...)
#endif

#else  /* DUK_USE_VARIADIC_MACROS */

#define DUK__DEBUG_STASH(lev)    \
	(void) DUK_SNPRINTF(duk_debug_file_stash, DUK_DEBUG_STASH_SIZE, "%s", (const char *) DUK_FILE_MACRO), \
	duk_debug_file_stash[DUK_DEBUG_STASH_SIZE - 1] = (char) 0; \
	(void) DUK_SNPRINTF(duk_debug_line_stash, DUK_DEBUG_STASH_SIZE, "%ld", (long) DUK_LINE_MACRO), \
	duk_debug_line_stash[DUK_DEBUG_STASH_SIZE - 1] = (char) 0; \
	(void) DUK_SNPRINTF(duk_debug_func_stash, DUK_DEBUG_STASH_SIZE, "%s", (const char *) DUK_FUNC_MACRO), \
	duk_debug_func_stash[DUK_DEBUG_STASH_SIZE - 1] = (char) 0; \
	(void) (duk_debug_level_stash = (lev))

/* Without variadic macros resort to comma expression trickery to handle debug
 * prints.  This generates a lot of harmless warnings.  These hacks are not
 * needed normally because DUK_D() and friends will hide the entire debug log
 * statement from the compiler.
 */

#ifdef DUK_USE_DPRINT
#define DUK_DPRINT  DUK__DEBUG_STASH(DUK_LEVEL_DEBUG), (void) duk_debug_log  /* args go here in parens */
#else
#define DUK_DPRINT  0 && /* args go here as a comma expression in parens */
#endif

#ifdef DUK_USE_DDPRINT
#define DUK_DDPRINT  DUK__DEBUG_STASH(DUK_LEVEL_DDEBUG), (void) duk_debug_log  /* args go here in parens */
#else
#define DUK_DDPRINT  0 && /* args */
#endif

#ifdef DUK_USE_DDDPRINT
#define DUK_DDDPRINT  DUK__DEBUG_STASH(DUK_LEVEL_DDDEBUG), (void) duk_debug_log  /* args go here in parens */
#else
#define DUK_DDDPRINT  0 && /* args */
#endif

#endif  /* DUK_USE_VARIADIC_MACROS */

#else  /* DUK_USE_DEBUG */

/*
 *  Exposed debug macros: debugging disabled
 */

#define DUK_D(x) do { } while (0) /* omit */
#define DUK_DD(x) do { } while (0) /* omit */
#define DUK_DDD(x) do { } while (0) /* omit */

#ifdef DUK_USE_VARIADIC_MACROS

#define DUK_DPRINT(...)
#define DUK_DDPRINT(...)
#define DUK_DDDPRINT(...)

#else  /* DUK_USE_VARIADIC_MACROS */

#define DUK_DPRINT    0 && /* args go here as a comma expression in parens */
#define DUK_DDPRINT   0 && /* args */
#define DUK_DDDPRINT  0 && /* args */

#endif  /* DUK_USE_VARIADIC_MACROS */

#endif  /* DUK_USE_DEBUG */

/*
 *  Structs
 */

#ifdef DUK_USE_DEBUG
struct duk_fixedbuffer {
	duk_uint8_t *buffer;
	duk_size_t length;
	duk_size_t offset;
	duk_bool_t truncated;
};
#endif

/*
 *  Prototypes
 */

#ifdef DUK_USE_DEBUG
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_int_t duk_debug_vsnprintf(char *str, duk_size_t size, const char *format, va_list ap);
#if 0  /*unused*/
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_int_t duk_debug_snprintf(char *str, duk_size_t size, const char *format, ...);
#endif
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_debug_format_funcptr(char *buf, duk_size_t buf_size, duk_uint8_t *fptr, duk_size_t fptr_size);

#ifdef DUK_USE_VARIADIC_MACROS
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_debug_log(duk_small_int_t level, const char *file, duk_int_t line, const char *func, const char *fmt, ...);
#else  /* DUK_USE_VARIADIC_MACROS */
/* parameter passing, not thread safe */
#define DUK_DEBUG_STASH_SIZE  128
#if !defined(DUK_SINGLE_FILE)
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL char duk_debug_file_stash[DUK_DEBUG_STASH_SIZE];
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL char duk_debug_line_stash[DUK_DEBUG_STASH_SIZE];
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL char duk_debug_func_stash[DUK_DEBUG_STASH_SIZE];
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_small_int_t duk_debug_level_stash;
#endif
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_debug_log(const char *fmt, ...);
#endif  /* DUK_USE_VARIADIC_MACROS */

DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_fb_put_bytes(duk_fixedbuffer *fb, const duk_uint8_t *buffer, duk_size_t length);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_fb_put_byte(duk_fixedbuffer *fb, duk_uint8_t x);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_fb_put_cstring(duk_fixedbuffer *fb, const char *x);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_fb_sprintf(duk_fixedbuffer *fb, const char *fmt, ...);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_fb_put_funcptr(duk_fixedbuffer *fb, duk_uint8_t *fptr, duk_size_t fptr_size);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_bool_t duk_fb_is_full(duk_fixedbuffer *fb);

#endif  /* DUK_USE_DEBUG */

#endif  /* DUK_DEBUG_H_INCLUDED */
/*
 *  Error handling macros, assertion macro, error codes.
 *
 *  There are three level of 'errors':
 *
 *    1. Ordinary errors, relative to a thread, cause a longjmp, catchable.
 *    2. Fatal errors, relative to a heap, cause fatal handler to be called.
 *    3. Panic errors, unrelated to a heap and cause a process exit.
 *
 *  Panics are used by the default fatal error handler and by debug code
 *  such as assertions.  By providing a proper fatal error handler, user
 *  code can avoid panics in non-debug builds.
 */

#ifndef DUK_ERROR_H_INCLUDED
#define DUK_ERROR_H_INCLUDED

/*
 *  Error codes: defined in duktape.h
 *
 *  Error codes are used as a shorthand to throw exceptions from inside
 *  the implementation.  The appropriate Ecmascript object is constructed
 *  based on the code.  Ecmascript code throws objects directly.  The error
 *  codes are defined in the public API header because they are also used
 *  by calling code.
 */

/*
 *  Normal error
 *
 *  Normal error is thrown with a longjmp() through the current setjmp()
 *  catchpoint record in the duk_heap.  The 'curr_thread' of the duk_heap
 *  identifies the throwing thread.
 *
 *  Error formatting is usually unnecessary.  The error macros provide a
 *  zero argument version (no formatting) and separate macros for small
 *  argument counts.  Variadic macros are not used to avoid portability
 *  issues and avoid the need for stash-based workarounds when they're not
 *  available.  Vararg calls are avoided for non-formatted error calls
 *  because vararg call sites are larger than normal, and there are a lot
 *  of call sites with no formatting.
 *
 *  Note that special formatting provided by debug macros is NOT available.
 *
 *  The _RAW variants allow the caller to specify file and line.  This makes
 *  it easier to write checked calls which want to use the call site of the
 *  checked function, not the error macro call inside the checked function.
 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_VERBOSE_ERRORS)

/* Because there are quite many call sites, pack error code (require at most
 * 8-bit) into a single argument.
 */
#define DUK_ERROR(thr,err,msg) do { \
		duk_errcode_t duk__err = (err); duk_int_t duk__line = (duk_int_t) DUK_LINE_MACRO; \
		DUK_ASSERT(duk__err >= 0 && duk__err <= 0xff); DUK_ASSERT(duk__line >= 0 && duk__line <= 0x00ffffffL); \
		duk_err_handle_error((thr), DUK_FILE_MACRO, (((duk_uint_t) duk__err) << 24) | ((duk_uint_t) duk__line), (msg)); \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_ERROR_RAW(thr,file,line,err,msg) do { \
		duk_errcode_t duk__err = (err); duk_int_t duk__line = (duk_int_t) (line); \
		DUK_ASSERT(duk__err >= 0 && duk__err <= 0xff); DUK_ASSERT(duk__line >= 0 && duk__line <= 0x00ffffffL); \
		duk_err_handle_error((thr), (file), (((duk_uint_t) duk__err) << 24) | ((duk_uint_t) duk__line), (msg)); \
	} while (0)

#define DUK_ERROR_FMT1(thr,err,fmt,arg1) do { \
		duk_errcode_t duk__err = (err); duk_int_t duk__line = (duk_int_t) DUK_LINE_MACRO; \
		DUK_ASSERT(duk__err >= 0 && duk__err <= 0xff); DUK_ASSERT(duk__line >= 0 && duk__line <= 0x00ffffffL); \
		duk_err_handle_error_fmt((thr), DUK_FILE_MACRO, (((duk_uint_t) duk__err) << 24) | ((duk_uint_t) duk__line), (fmt), (arg1)); \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_ERROR_RAW_FMT1(thr,file,line,err,fmt,arg1) do { \
		duk_errcode_t duk__err = (err); duk_int_t duk__line = (duk_int_t) (line); \
		DUK_ASSERT(duk__err >= 0 && duk__err <= 0xff); DUK_ASSERT(duk__line >= 0 && duk__line <= 0x00ffffffL); \
		duk_err_handle_error_fmt((thr), (file), (((duk_uint_t) duk__err) << 24) | ((duk_uint_t) duk__line), (fmt), (arg1)); \
	} while (0)

#define DUK_ERROR_FMT2(thr,err,fmt,arg1,arg2) do { \
		duk_errcode_t duk__err = (err); duk_int_t duk__line = (duk_int_t) DUK_LINE_MACRO; \
		DUK_ASSERT(duk__err >= 0 && duk__err <= 0xff); DUK_ASSERT(duk__line >= 0 && duk__line <= 0x00ffffffL); \
		duk_err_handle_error_fmt((thr), DUK_FILE_MACRO, (((duk_uint_t) duk__err) << 24) | ((duk_uint_t) duk__line), (fmt), (arg1), (arg2)); \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_ERROR_RAW_FMT2(thr,file,line,err,fmt,arg1,arg2) do { \
		duk_errcode_t duk__err = (err); duk_int_t duk__line = (duk_int_t) (line); \
		DUK_ASSERT(duk__err >= 0 && duk__err <= 0xff); DUK_ASSERT(duk__line >= 0 && duk__line <= 0x00ffffffL); \
		duk_err_handle_error_fmt((thr), (file), (((duk_uint_t) duk__err) << 24) | ((duk_uint_t) duk__line), (fmt), (arg1), (arg2)); \
	} while (0)

#define DUK_ERROR_FMT3(thr,err,fmt,arg1,arg2,arg3) do { \
		duk_errcode_t duk__err = (err); duk_int_t duk__line = (duk_int_t) DUK_LINE_MACRO; \
		DUK_ASSERT(duk__err >= 0 && duk__err <= 0xff); DUK_ASSERT(duk__line >= 0 && duk__line <= 0x00ffffffL); \
		duk_err_handle_error_fmt((thr), DUK_FILE_MACRO, (((duk_uint_t) duk__err) << 24) | ((duk_uint_t) duk__line), (fmt), (arg1), (arg2), (arg3)); \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_ERROR_RAW_FMT3(thr,file,line,err,fmt,arg1,arg2,arg3) do { \
		duk_errcode_t duk__err = (err); duk_int_t duk__line = (duk_int_t) (line); \
		DUK_ASSERT(duk__err >= 0 && duk__err <= 0xff); DUK_ASSERT(duk__line >= 0 && duk__line <= 0x00ffffffL); \
		duk_err_handle_error_fmt((thr), (file), (((duk_uint_t) duk__err) << 24) | ((duk_uint_t) duk__line), (fmt), (arg1), (arg2), (arg3)); \
	} while (0)

#define DUK_ERROR_FMT4(thr,err,fmt,arg1,arg2,arg3,arg4) do { \
		duk_errcode_t duk__err = (err); duk_int_t duk__line = (duk_int_t) DUK_LINE_MACRO; \
		DUK_ASSERT(duk__err >= 0 && duk__err <= 0xff); DUK_ASSERT(duk__line >= 0 && duk__line <= 0x00ffffffL); \
		duk_err_handle_error_fmt((thr), DUK_FILE_MACRO, (((duk_uint_t) duk__err) << 24) | ((duk_uint_t) duk__line), (fmt), (arg1), (arg2), (arg3), (arg4)); \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_ERROR_RAW_FMT4(thr,file,line,err,fmt,arg1,arg2,arg3,arg4) do { \
		duk_errcode_t duk__err = (err); duk_int_t duk__line = (duk_int_t) (line); \
		DUK_ASSERT(duk__err >= 0 && duk__err <= 0xff); DUK_ASSERT(duk__line >= 0 && duk__line <= 0x00ffffffL); \
		duk_err_handle_error_fmt((thr), (file), (((duk_uint_t) duk__err) << 24) | ((duk_uint_t) duk__line), (fmt), (arg1), (arg2), (arg3), (arg4)); \
	} while (0)

#else  /* DUK_USE_VERBOSE_ERRORS */

#define DUK_ERROR(thr,err,msg)                    duk_err_handle_error((thr), (err))
#define DUK_ERROR_RAW(thr,file,line,err,msg)      duk_err_handle_error((thr), (err))

#define DUK_ERROR_FMT1(thr,err,fmt,arg1) DUK_ERROR((thr),(err),(fmt))
#define DUK_ERROR_RAW_FMT1(thr,file,line,err,fmt,arg1) DUK_ERROR_RAW((thr),(file),(line),(err),(fmt))

#define DUK_ERROR_FMT2(thr,err,fmt,arg1,arg2) DUK_ERROR((thr),(err),(fmt))
#define DUK_ERROR_RAW_FMT2(thr,file,line,err,fmt,arg1,arg2) DUK_ERROR_RAW((thr),(file),(line),(err),(fmt))

#define DUK_ERROR_FMT3(thr,err,fmt,arg1,arg2,arg3) DUK_ERROR((thr),(err),(fmt))
#define DUK_ERROR_RAW_FMT3(thr,file,line,err,fmt,arg1,arg2,arg3) DUK_ERROR_RAW((thr),(file),(line),(err),(fmt))

#define DUK_ERROR_FMT4(thr,err,fmt,arg1,arg2,arg3,arg4) DUK_ERROR((thr),(err),(fmt))
#define DUK_ERROR_RAW_FMT4(thr,file,line,err,fmt,arg1,arg2,arg3,arg4) DUK_ERROR_RAW((thr),(file),(line),(err),(fmt))

#endif  /* DUK_USE_VERBOSE_ERRORS */

/*
 *  Fatal error
 *
 *  There are no fatal error macros at the moment.  There are so few call
 *  sites that the fatal error handler is called directly.
 */

/*
 *  Panic error
 *
 *  Panic errors are not relative to either a heap or a thread, and cause
 *  DUK_PANIC() macro to be invoked.  Unless a user provides DUK_USE_PANIC_HANDLER,
 *  DUK_PANIC() calls a helper which prints out the error and causes a process
 *  exit.
 *
 *  The user can override the macro to provide custom handling.  A macro is
 *  used to allow the user to have inline panic handling if desired (without
 *  causing a potentially risky function call).
 *
 *  Panics are only used in debug code such as assertions, and by the default
 *  fatal error handler.
 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_PANIC_HANDLER)
/* already defined, good */
#define DUK_PANIC(code,msg)  DUK_USE_PANIC_HANDLER((code),(msg))
#else
#define DUK_PANIC(code,msg)  duk_default_panic_handler((code),(msg))
#endif  /* DUK_USE_PANIC_HANDLER */

/*
 *  Assert macro: failure causes panic.
 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_ASSERTIONS)

/* the message should be a compile time constant without formatting (less risk);
 * we don't care about assertion text size because they're not used in production
 * builds.
 */
#define DUK_ASSERT(x)  do { \
	if (!(x)) { \
		DUK_PANIC(DUK_ERR_ASSERTION_ERROR, \
			"assertion failed: " #x \
			" (" DUK_FILE_MACRO ":" DUK_MACRO_STRINGIFY(DUK_LINE_MACRO) ")"); \
	} \
	} while (0)

/* Assertion compatible inside a comma expression, evaluates to void.
 * Currently not compatible with DUK_USE_PANIC_HANDLER() which may have
 * a statement block.
 */
#if defined(DUK_USE_PANIC_HANDLER)
/* XXX: resolve macro definition issue or call through a helper function? */
#define DUK_ASSERT_EXPR(x)  ((void) 0)
#else
#define DUK_ASSERT_EXPR(x) \
	((void) ((x) ? 0 : (DUK_PANIC(DUK_ERR_ASSERTION_ERROR, \
				"assertion failed: " #x \
				" (" DUK_FILE_MACRO ":" DUK_MACRO_STRINGIFY(DUK_LINE_MACRO) ")"), 0)))
#endif

#else  /* DUK_USE_ASSERTIONS */

#define DUK_ASSERT(x)  do { /* assertion omitted */ } while (0)

#define DUK_ASSERT_EXPR(x)  ((void) 0)

#endif  /* DUK_USE_ASSERTIONS */

/* this variant is used when an assert would generate a compile warning by
 * being always true (e.g. >= 0 comparison for an unsigned value
 */
#define DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(x)  do { /* assertion disabled */ } while (0)

/*
 *  Assertion helpers
 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_ASSERTIONS) && defined(DUK_USE_REFERENCE_COUNTING)
#define DUK_ASSERT_REFCOUNT_NONZERO_HEAPHDR(h)  do { \
		DUK_ASSERT((h) == NULL || DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_REFCOUNT((duk_heaphdr *) (h)) > 0); \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_ASSERT_REFCOUNT_NONZERO_TVAL(tv)  do { \
		if ((tv) != NULL && DUK_TVAL_IS_HEAP_ALLOCATED((tv))) { \
			DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_REFCOUNT(DUK_TVAL_GET_HEAPHDR((tv))) > 0); \
		} \
	} while (0)
#else
#define DUK_ASSERT_REFCOUNT_NONZERO_HEAPHDR(h)  /* no refcount check */
#define DUK_ASSERT_REFCOUNT_NONZERO_TVAL(tv)    /* no refcount check */
#endif

#define DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx,n)  DUK_ASSERT((duk_idx_t) duk_get_top((ctx)) == (duk_idx_t) (n))

#if defined(DUK_USE_ASSERTIONS) && defined(DUK_USE_PACKED_TVAL)
#define DUK_ASSERT_DOUBLE_IS_NORMALIZED(dval)  do { \
		duk_double_union duk__assert_tmp_du; \
		duk__assert_tmp_du.d = (dval); \
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_DBLUNION_IS_NORMALIZED(&duk__assert_tmp_du)); \
	} while (0)
#else
#define DUK_ASSERT_DOUBLE_IS_NORMALIZED(dval)  /* nop */
#endif

/*
 *  Helper for valstack space
 *
 *  Caller of DUK_ASSERT_VALSTACK_SPACE() estimates the number of free stack entries
 *  required for its own use, and any child calls which are not (a) Duktape API calls
 *  or (b) Duktape calls which involve extending the valstack (e.g. getter call).
 */

#define DUK_VALSTACK_ASSERT_EXTRA  5  /* this is added to checks to allow for Duktape
                                       * API calls in addition to function's own use
                                       */
#if defined(DUK_USE_ASSERTIONS)
#define DUK_ASSERT_VALSTACK_SPACE(thr,n)   do { \
		DUK_ASSERT((thr) != NULL); \
		DUK_ASSERT((thr)->valstack_end - (thr)->valstack_top >= (n) + DUK_VALSTACK_ASSERT_EXTRA); \
	} while (0)
#else
#define DUK_ASSERT_VALSTACK_SPACE(thr,n)   /* no valstack space check */
#endif

/*
 *  Error throwing helpers
 *
 *  The goal is to provide verbose and configurable error messages.  Call
 *  sites should be clean in source code and compile to a small footprint.
 *  Small footprint is also useful for performance because small cold paths
 *  reduce code cache pressure.  Adding macros here only makes sense if there
 *  are enough call sites to get concrete benefits.
 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_VERBOSE_ERRORS)
/* Verbose errors with key/value summaries (non-paranoid) or without key/value
 * summaries (paranoid, for some security sensitive environments), the paranoid
 * vs. non-paranoid distinction affects only a few specific errors.
 */
#if defined(DUK_USE_PARANOID_ERRORS)
#define DUK_ERROR_REQUIRE_TYPE_INDEX(thr,index,expectname,lowmemstr) do { \
		duk_err_require_type_index((thr), DUK_FILE_MACRO, (duk_int_t) DUK_LINE_MACRO, (index), (expectname)); \
	} while (0)
#else  /* DUK_USE_PARANOID_ERRORS */
#define DUK_ERROR_REQUIRE_TYPE_INDEX(thr,index,expectname,lowmemstr) do { \
		duk_err_require_type_index((thr), DUK_FILE_MACRO, (duk_int_t) DUK_LINE_MACRO, (index), (expectname)); \
	} while (0)
#endif  /* DUK_USE_PARANOID_ERRORS */

#define DUK_ERROR_UNIMPLEMENTED(thr,msg) do { \
		DUK_ERROR((thr), DUK_ERR_UNIMPLEMENTED_ERROR, (msg)); \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_ERROR_UNIMPLEMENTED_DEFMSG(thr) do { \
		duk_err_unimplemented_defmsg((thr), DUK_FILE_MACRO, (duk_int_t) DUK_LINE_MACRO); \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED(thr,msg) do { \
		DUK_ERROR((thr), DUK_ERR_UNSUPPORTED_ERROR, (msg)); \
	} while (0)
#if !defined(DUK_USE_BYTECODE_DUMP_SUPPORT)
#define DUK_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_DEFMSG(thr) do { \
		duk_err_unsupported_defmsg((thr), DUK_FILE_MACRO, (duk_int_t) DUK_LINE_MACRO); \
	} while (0)
#endif
#define DUK_ERROR_INTERNAL(thr,msg) do { \
		duk_err_internal((thr), DUK_FILE_MACRO, (duk_int_t) DUK_LINE_MACRO, (msg)); \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_ERROR_INTERNAL_DEFMSG(thr) do { \
		duk_err_internal_defmsg((thr), DUK_FILE_MACRO, (duk_int_t) DUK_LINE_MACRO); \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_ERROR_ALLOC(thr,msg) do { \
		duk_err_alloc((thr), DUK_FILE_MACRO, (duk_int_t) DUK_LINE_MACRO, (msg)); \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_ERROR_ALLOC_DEFMSG(thr) do { \
		DUK_ERROR_ALLOC((thr), DUK_STR_ALLOC_FAILED); \
	} while (0)
/* DUK_ERR_ASSERTION_ERROR: no macros needed */
#define DUK_ERROR_API_INDEX(thr,index) do { \
		duk_err_api_index((thr), DUK_FILE_MACRO, (duk_int_t) DUK_LINE_MACRO, (index)); \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_ERROR_API(thr,msg) do { \
		duk_err_api((thr), DUK_FILE_MACRO, (duk_int_t) DUK_LINE_MACRO, (msg)); \
	} while (0)
/* DUK_ERR_UNCAUGHT_ERROR: no macros needed */
/* DUK_ERR_ERROR: no macros needed */
/* DUK_ERR_EVAL: no macros needed */
#define DUK_ERROR_RANGE(thr,msg) do { \
		duk_err_range((thr), DUK_FILE_MACRO, (duk_int_t) DUK_LINE_MACRO, (msg)); \
	} while (0)
/* DUK_ERR_REFERENCE_ERROR: no macros needed */
#define DUK_ERROR_SYNTAX(thr,msg) do { \
		DUK_ERROR((thr), DUK_ERR_SYNTAX_ERROR, (msg)); \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr,msg) do { \
		DUK_ERROR((thr), DUK_ERR_TYPE_ERROR, (msg)); \
	} while (0)
/* DUK_ERR_URI_ERROR: no macros needed */
#else  /* DUK_USE_VERBOSE_ERRORS */
/* Non-verbose errors for low memory targets: no file, line, or message. */

#define DUK_ERROR_REQUIRE_TYPE_INDEX(thr,index,expectname,lowmemstr) do { \
		duk_err_type((thr)); \
	} while (0)

#define DUK_ERROR_UNIMPLEMENTED(thr,msg) do { \
		duk_err_unimplemented((thr)); \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_ERROR_UNIMPLEMENTED_DEFMSG(thr) do { \
		duk_err_unimplemented((thr)); \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED(thr,msg) do { \
		duk_err_unsupported((thr)); \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_DEFMSG(thr) do { \
		duk_err_unsupported((thr)); \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_ERROR_INTERNAL(thr,msg) do { \
		duk_err_internal((thr)); \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_ERROR_INTERNAL_DEFMSG(thr) do { \
		duk_err_internal((thr)); \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_ERROR_ALLOC(thr,msg) do { \
		duk_err_alloc((thr)); \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_ERROR_ALLOC_DEFMSG(thr) do { \
		duk_err_alloc((thr)); \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_ERROR_API_INDEX(thr,index) do { \
		duk_err_api((thr)); \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_ERROR_API(thr,msg) do { \
		duk_err_api((thr)); \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_ERROR_RANGE(thr,msg) do { \
		duk_err_range((thr)); \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_ERROR_SYNTAX(thr,msg) do { \
		duk_err_syntax((thr)); \
	} while (0)
#define DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr,msg) do { \
		duk_err_type((thr)); \
	} while (0)
#endif  /* DUK_USE_VERBOSE_ERRORS */

/*
 *  Prototypes
 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_VERBOSE_ERRORS)
DUK_NORETURN(DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_err_handle_error(duk_hthread *thr, const char *filename, duk_uint_t line_and_code, const char *msg));
DUK_NORETURN(DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_err_handle_error_fmt(duk_hthread *thr, const char *filename, duk_uint_t line_and_code, const char *fmt, ...));
#else  /* DUK_USE_VERBOSE_ERRORS */
DUK_NORETURN(DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_err_handle_error(duk_hthread *thr, duk_errcode_t code));
#endif  /* DUK_USE_VERBOSE_ERRORS */

#if defined(DUK_USE_VERBOSE_ERRORS)
DUK_NORETURN(DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_err_create_and_throw(duk_hthread *thr, duk_errcode_t code, const char *msg, const char *filename, duk_int_t line));
#else
DUK_NORETURN(DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_err_create_and_throw(duk_hthread *thr, duk_errcode_t code));
#endif

DUK_NORETURN(DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_error_throw_from_negative_rc(duk_hthread *thr, duk_ret_t rc));

#if defined(DUK_USE_AUGMENT_ERROR_CREATE)
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_err_augment_error_create(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hthread *thr_callstack, const char *filename, duk_int_t line, duk_bool_t noblame_fileline);
#endif
#if defined(DUK_USE_AUGMENT_ERROR_THROW)
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_err_augment_error_throw(duk_hthread *thr);
#endif

#if defined(DUK_USE_VERBOSE_ERRORS)
#if defined(DUK_USE_PARANOID_ERRORS)
DUK_NORETURN(DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_err_require_type_index(duk_hthread *thr, const char *filename, duk_int_t linenumber, duk_idx_t index, const char *expect_name));
#else
DUK_NORETURN(DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_err_require_type_index(duk_hthread *thr, const char *filename, duk_int_t linenumber, duk_idx_t index, const char *expect_name));
#endif
DUK_NORETURN(DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_err_api_index(duk_hthread *thr, const char *filename, duk_int_t linenumber, duk_idx_t index));
DUK_NORETURN(DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_err_api(duk_hthread *thr, const char *filename, duk_int_t linenumber, const char *message));
DUK_NORETURN(DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_err_range(duk_hthread *thr, const char *filename, duk_int_t linenumber, const char *message));
DUK_NORETURN(DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_err_unimplemented_defmsg(duk_hthread *thr, const char *filename, duk_int_t linenumber));
#if !defined(DUK_USE_BYTECODE_DUMP_SUPPORT)
DUK_NORETURN(DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_err_unsupported_defmsg(duk_hthread *thr, const char *filename, duk_int_t linenumber));
#endif
DUK_NORETURN(DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_err_internal_defmsg(duk_hthread *thr, const char *filename, duk_int_t linenumber));
DUK_NORETURN(DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_err_internal(duk_hthread *thr, const char *filename, duk_int_t linenumber, const char *message));
DUK_NORETURN(DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_err_alloc(duk_hthread *thr, const char *filename, duk_int_t linenumber, const char *message));
#else  /* DUK_VERBOSE_ERRORS */
DUK_NORETURN(DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_err_range(duk_hthread *thr));
DUK_NORETURN(DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_err_syntax(duk_hthread *thr));
DUK_NORETURN(DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_err_type(duk_hthread *thr));
DUK_NORETURN(DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_err_api(duk_hthread *thr));
DUK_NORETURN(DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_err_unimplemented(duk_hthread *thr));
DUK_NORETURN(DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_err_unsupported(duk_hthread *thr));
DUK_NORETURN(DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_err_internal(duk_hthread *thr));
DUK_NORETURN(DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_err_alloc(duk_hthread *thr));
#endif /* DUK_VERBOSE_ERRORS */

DUK_NORETURN(DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_err_longjmp(duk_hthread *thr));

DUK_NORETURN(DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_default_fatal_handler(duk_context *ctx, duk_errcode_t code, const char *msg));

#if !defined(DUK_USE_PANIC_HANDLER)
DUK_NORETURN(DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_default_panic_handler(duk_errcode_t code, const char *msg));
#endif

DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_err_setup_heap_ljstate(duk_hthread *thr, duk_small_int_t lj_type);

DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_hobject *duk_error_prototype_from_code(duk_hthread *thr, duk_errcode_t err_code);

#endif  /* DUK_ERROR_H_INCLUDED */
/*
 *  Unicode helpers
 */

#ifndef DUK_UNICODE_H_INCLUDED
#define DUK_UNICODE_H_INCLUDED

/*
 *  UTF-8 / XUTF-8 / CESU-8 constants
 */

#define DUK_UNICODE_MAX_XUTF8_LENGTH      7   /* up to 36 bit codepoints */
#define DUK_UNICODE_MAX_XUTF8_BMP_LENGTH  3   /* all codepoints up to U+FFFF */
#define DUK_UNICODE_MAX_CESU8_LENGTH      6   /* all codepoints up to U+10FFFF */
#define DUK_UNICODE_MAX_CESU8_BMP_LENGTH  3   /* all codepoints up to U+FFFF */

/*
 *  Useful Unicode codepoints
 *
 *  Integer constants must be signed to avoid unexpected coercions
 *  in comparisons.
 */

#define DUK_UNICODE_CP_ZWNJ                   0x200cL  /* zero-width non-joiner */
#define DUK_UNICODE_CP_ZWJ                    0x200dL  /* zero-width joiner */
#define DUK_UNICODE_CP_REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER  0xfffdL  /* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Replacement_character#Replacement_character */

/*
 *  ASCII character constants
 *
 *  C character literals like 'x' have a platform specific value and do
 *  not match ASCII (UTF-8) values on e.g. EBCDIC platforms.  So, use
 *  these (admittedly awkward) constants instead.  These constants must
 *  also have signed values to avoid unexpected coercions in comparisons.
 *
 *  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII
 */

#define DUK_ASC_NUL              0x00
#define DUK_ASC_SOH              0x01
#define DUK_ASC_STX              0x02
#define DUK_ASC_ETX              0x03
#define DUK_ASC_EOT              0x04
#define DUK_ASC_ENQ              0x05
#define DUK_ASC_ACK              0x06
#define DUK_ASC_BEL              0x07
#define DUK_ASC_BS               0x08
#define DUK_ASC_HT               0x09
#define DUK_ASC_LF               0x0a
#define DUK_ASC_VT               0x0b
#define DUK_ASC_FF               0x0c
#define DUK_ASC_CR               0x0d
#define DUK_ASC_SO               0x0e
#define DUK_ASC_SI               0x0f
#define DUK_ASC_DLE              0x10
#define DUK_ASC_DC1              0x11
#define DUK_ASC_DC2              0x12
#define DUK_ASC_DC3              0x13
#define DUK_ASC_DC4              0x14
#define DUK_ASC_NAK              0x15
#define DUK_ASC_SYN              0x16
#define DUK_ASC_ETB              0x17
#define DUK_ASC_CAN              0x18
#define DUK_ASC_EM               0x19
#define DUK_ASC_SUB              0x1a
#define DUK_ASC_ESC              0x1b
#define DUK_ASC_FS               0x1c
#define DUK_ASC_GS               0x1d
#define DUK_ASC_RS               0x1e
#define DUK_ASC_US               0x1f
#define DUK_ASC_SPACE            0x20
#define DUK_ASC_EXCLAMATION      0x21
#define DUK_ASC_DOUBLEQUOTE      0x22
#define DUK_ASC_HASH             0x23
#define DUK_ASC_DOLLAR           0x24
#define DUK_ASC_PERCENT          0x25
#define DUK_ASC_AMP              0x26
#define DUK_ASC_SINGLEQUOTE      0x27
#define DUK_ASC_LPAREN           0x28
#define DUK_ASC_RPAREN           0x29
#define DUK_ASC_STAR             0x2a
#define DUK_ASC_PLUS             0x2b
#define DUK_ASC_COMMA            0x2c
#define DUK_ASC_MINUS            0x2d
#define DUK_ASC_PERIOD           0x2e
#define DUK_ASC_SLASH            0x2f
#define DUK_ASC_0                0x30
#define DUK_ASC_1                0x31
#define DUK_ASC_2                0x32
#define DUK_ASC_3                0x33
#define DUK_ASC_4                0x34
#define DUK_ASC_5                0x35
#define DUK_ASC_6                0x36
#define DUK_ASC_7                0x37
#define DUK_ASC_8                0x38
#define DUK_ASC_9                0x39
#define DUK_ASC_COLON            0x3a
#define DUK_ASC_SEMICOLON        0x3b
#define DUK_ASC_LANGLE           0x3c
#define DUK_ASC_EQUALS           0x3d
#define DUK_ASC_RANGLE           0x3e
#define DUK_ASC_QUESTION         0x3f
#define DUK_ASC_ATSIGN           0x40
#define DUK_ASC_UC_A             0x41
#define DUK_ASC_UC_B             0x42
#define DUK_ASC_UC_C             0x43
#define DUK_ASC_UC_D             0x44
#define DUK_ASC_UC_E             0x45
#define DUK_ASC_UC_F             0x46
#define DUK_ASC_UC_G             0x47
#define DUK_ASC_UC_H             0x48
#define DUK_ASC_UC_I             0x49
#define DUK_ASC_UC_J             0x4a
#define DUK_ASC_UC_K             0x4b
#define DUK_ASC_UC_L             0x4c
#define DUK_ASC_UC_M             0x4d
#define DUK_ASC_UC_N             0x4e
#define DUK_ASC_UC_O             0x4f
#define DUK_ASC_UC_P             0x50
#define DUK_ASC_UC_Q             0x51
#define DUK_ASC_UC_R             0x52
#define DUK_ASC_UC_S             0x53
#define DUK_ASC_UC_T             0x54
#define DUK_ASC_UC_U             0x55
#define DUK_ASC_UC_V             0x56
#define DUK_ASC_UC_W             0x57
#define DUK_ASC_UC_X             0x58
#define DUK_ASC_UC_Y             0x59
#define DUK_ASC_UC_Z             0x5a
#define DUK_ASC_LBRACKET         0x5b
#define DUK_ASC_BACKSLASH        0x5c
#define DUK_ASC_RBRACKET         0x5d
#define DUK_ASC_CARET            0x5e
#define DUK_ASC_UNDERSCORE       0x5f
#define DUK_ASC_GRAVE            0x60
#define DUK_ASC_LC_A             0x61
#define DUK_ASC_LC_B             0x62
#define DUK_ASC_LC_C             0x63
#define DUK_ASC_LC_D             0x64
#define DUK_ASC_LC_E             0x65
#define DUK_ASC_LC_F             0x66
#define DUK_ASC_LC_G             0x67
#define DUK_ASC_LC_H             0x68
#define DUK_ASC_LC_I             0x69
#define DUK_ASC_LC_J             0x6a
#define DUK_ASC_LC_K             0x6b
#define DUK_ASC_LC_L             0x6c
#define DUK_ASC_LC_M             0x6d
#define DUK_ASC_LC_N             0x6e
#define DUK_ASC_LC_O             0x6f
#define DUK_ASC_LC_P             0x70
#define DUK_ASC_LC_Q             0x71
#define DUK_ASC_LC_R             0x72
#define DUK_ASC_LC_S             0x73
#define DUK_ASC_LC_T             0x74
#define DUK_ASC_LC_U             0x75
#define DUK_ASC_LC_V             0x76
#define DUK_ASC_LC_W             0x77
#define DUK_ASC_LC_X             0x78
#define DUK_ASC_LC_Y             0x79
#define DUK_ASC_LC_Z             0x7a
#define DUK_ASC_LCURLY           0x7b
#define DUK_ASC_PIPE             0x7c
#define DUK_ASC_RCURLY           0x7d
#define DUK_ASC_TILDE            0x7e
#define DUK_ASC_DEL              0x7f

/*
 *  Unicode tables
 */

#ifdef DUK_USE_SOURCE_NONBMP
/*
 *  Automatically generated by extract_chars.py, do not edit!
 */

extern const duk_uint8_t duk_unicode_ids_noa[791];
#else
/*
 *  Automatically generated by extract_chars.py, do not edit!
 */

extern const duk_uint8_t duk_unicode_ids_noabmp[611];
#endif

#ifdef DUK_USE_SOURCE_NONBMP
/*
 *  Automatically generated by extract_chars.py, do not edit!
 */

extern const duk_uint8_t duk_unicode_ids_m_let_noa[42];
#else
/*
 *  Automatically generated by extract_chars.py, do not edit!
 */

extern const duk_uint8_t duk_unicode_ids_m_let_noabmp[24];
#endif

#ifdef DUK_USE_SOURCE_NONBMP
/*
 *  Automatically generated by extract_chars.py, do not edit!
 */

extern const duk_uint8_t duk_unicode_idp_m_ids_noa[397];
#else
/*
 *  Automatically generated by extract_chars.py, do not edit!
 */

extern const duk_uint8_t duk_unicode_idp_m_ids_noabmp[348];
#endif

/*
 *  Automatically generated by extract_caseconv.py, do not edit!
 */

extern const duk_uint8_t duk_unicode_caseconv_uc[1288];
extern const duk_uint8_t duk_unicode_caseconv_lc[616];

#if defined(DUK_USE_REGEXP_CANON_WORKAROUND)
/*
 *  Automatically generated by extract_caseconv.py, do not edit!
 */

extern const duk_uint16_t duk_unicode_re_canon_lookup[65536];
#endif

/*
 *  Extern
 */

/* duk_unicode_support.c */
#if !defined(DUK_SINGLE_FILE)
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const duk_uint8_t duk_unicode_xutf8_markers[7];
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const duk_uint16_t duk_unicode_re_ranges_digit[2];
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const duk_uint16_t duk_unicode_re_ranges_white[22];
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const duk_uint16_t duk_unicode_re_ranges_wordchar[8];
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const duk_uint16_t duk_unicode_re_ranges_not_digit[4];
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const duk_uint16_t duk_unicode_re_ranges_not_white[24];
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const duk_uint16_t duk_unicode_re_ranges_not_wordchar[10];
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL const duk_int8_t duk_is_idchar_tab[128];
#endif  /* !DUK_SINGLE_FILE */

/*
 *  Prototypes
 */

DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_small_int_t duk_unicode_get_xutf8_length(duk_ucodepoint_t cp);
#if defined(DUK_USE_ASSERTIONS)
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_small_int_t duk_unicode_get_cesu8_length(duk_ucodepoint_t cp);
#endif
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_small_int_t duk_unicode_encode_xutf8(duk_ucodepoint_t cp, duk_uint8_t *out);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_small_int_t duk_unicode_encode_cesu8(duk_ucodepoint_t cp, duk_uint8_t *out);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_small_int_t duk_unicode_decode_xutf8(duk_hthread *thr, const duk_uint8_t **ptr, const duk_uint8_t *ptr_start, const duk_uint8_t *ptr_end, duk_ucodepoint_t *out_cp);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_ucodepoint_t duk_unicode_decode_xutf8_checked(duk_hthread *thr, const duk_uint8_t **ptr, const duk_uint8_t *ptr_start, const duk_uint8_t *ptr_end);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_size_t duk_unicode_unvalidated_utf8_length(const duk_uint8_t *data, duk_size_t blen);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_small_int_t duk_unicode_is_whitespace(duk_codepoint_t cp);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_small_int_t duk_unicode_is_line_terminator(duk_codepoint_t cp);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_small_int_t duk_unicode_is_identifier_start(duk_codepoint_t cp);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_small_int_t duk_unicode_is_identifier_part(duk_codepoint_t cp);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_small_int_t duk_unicode_is_letter(duk_codepoint_t cp);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_unicode_case_convert_string(duk_hthread *thr, duk_bool_t uppercase);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_codepoint_t duk_unicode_re_canonicalize_char(duk_hthread *thr, duk_codepoint_t cp);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_small_int_t duk_unicode_re_is_wordchar(duk_codepoint_t cp);

#endif  /* DUK_UNICODE_H_INCLUDED */
/*
 *  Defines for JSON, especially duk_bi_json.c.
 */

#ifndef DUK_JSON_H_INCLUDED
#define DUK_JSON_H_INCLUDED

/* Encoding/decoding flags */
#define DUK_JSON_FLAG_ASCII_ONLY              (1 << 0)  /* escape any non-ASCII characters */
#define DUK_JSON_FLAG_AVOID_KEY_QUOTES        (1 << 1)  /* avoid key quotes when key is an ASCII Identifier */
#define DUK_JSON_FLAG_EXT_CUSTOM              (1 << 2)  /* extended types: custom encoding */
#define DUK_JSON_FLAG_EXT_COMPATIBLE          (1 << 3)  /* extended types: compatible encoding */

/* How much stack to require on entry to object/array encode */
#define DUK_JSON_ENC_REQSTACK                 32

/* How much stack to require on entry to object/array decode */
#define DUK_JSON_DEC_REQSTACK                 32

/* How large a loop detection stack to use */
#define DUK_JSON_ENC_LOOPARRAY                64

/* Encoding state.  Heap object references are all borrowed. */
typedef struct {
	duk_hthread *thr;
	duk_bufwriter_ctx bw;        /* output bufwriter */
	duk_hobject *h_replacer;     /* replacer function */
	duk_hstring *h_gap;          /* gap (if empty string, NULL) */
	duk_idx_t idx_proplist;      /* explicit PropertyList */
	duk_idx_t idx_loop;          /* valstack index of loop detection object */
	duk_small_uint_t flags;
	duk_small_uint_t flag_ascii_only;
	duk_small_uint_t flag_avoid_key_quotes;
#if defined(DUK_USE_JX) || defined(DUK_USE_JC)
	duk_small_uint_t flag_ext_custom;
	duk_small_uint_t flag_ext_compatible;
	duk_small_uint_t flag_ext_custom_or_compatible;
#endif
	duk_int_t recursion_depth;
	duk_int_t recursion_limit;
	duk_uint_t mask_for_undefined;      /* type bit mask: types which certainly produce 'undefined' */
#if defined(DUK_USE_JX) || defined(DUK_USE_JC)
	duk_small_uint_t stridx_custom_undefined;
	duk_small_uint_t stridx_custom_nan;
	duk_small_uint_t stridx_custom_neginf;
	duk_small_uint_t stridx_custom_posinf;
	duk_small_uint_t stridx_custom_function;
#endif
	duk_hobject *visiting[DUK_JSON_ENC_LOOPARRAY];  /* indexed by recursion_depth */
} duk_json_enc_ctx;

typedef struct {
	duk_hthread *thr;
	const duk_uint8_t *p;
	const duk_uint8_t *p_start;
	const duk_uint8_t *p_end;
	duk_idx_t idx_reviver;
	duk_small_uint_t flags;
#if defined(DUK_USE_JX) || defined(DUK_USE_JC)
	duk_small_uint_t flag_ext_custom;
	duk_small_uint_t flag_ext_compatible;
	duk_small_uint_t flag_ext_custom_or_compatible;
#endif
	duk_int_t recursion_depth;
	duk_int_t recursion_limit;
} duk_json_dec_ctx;

#endif  /* DUK_JSON_H_INCLUDED */
/*
 *  Ecmascript execution, support primitives.
 */

#ifndef DUK_JS_H_INCLUDED
#define DUK_JS_H_INCLUDED

/* Flags for call handling. */
#define DUK_CALL_FLAG_IGNORE_RECLIMIT        (1 << 0)  /* duk_handle_call_xxx: call ignores C recursion limit (for errhandler calls) */
#define DUK_CALL_FLAG_CONSTRUCTOR_CALL       (1 << 1)  /* duk_handle_call_xxx: constructor call (i.e. called as 'new Foo()') */
#define DUK_CALL_FLAG_IS_RESUME              (1 << 2)  /* duk_handle_ecma_call_setup: setup for a resume() */
#define DUK_CALL_FLAG_IS_TAILCALL            (1 << 3)  /* duk_handle_ecma_call_setup: setup for a tail call */
#define DUK_CALL_FLAG_DIRECT_EVAL            (1 << 4)  /* call is a direct eval call */

/* Flags for duk_js_equals_helper(). */
#define DUK_EQUALS_FLAG_SAMEVALUE            (1 << 0)  /* use SameValue instead of non-strict equality */
#define DUK_EQUALS_FLAG_STRICT               (1 << 1)  /* use strict equality instead of non-strict equality */

/* Flags for duk_js_compare_helper(). */
#define DUK_COMPARE_FLAG_EVAL_LEFT_FIRST     (1 << 0)  /* eval left argument first */
#define DUK_COMPARE_FLAG_NEGATE              (1 << 1)  /* negate result */

/* conversions, coercions, comparison, etc */
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_bool_t duk_js_toboolean(duk_tval *tv);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_double_t duk_js_tonumber(duk_hthread *thr, duk_tval *tv);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_double_t duk_js_tointeger_number(duk_double_t x);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_double_t duk_js_tointeger(duk_hthread *thr, duk_tval *tv);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_uint32_t duk_js_touint32(duk_hthread *thr, duk_tval *tv);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_int32_t duk_js_toint32(duk_hthread *thr, duk_tval *tv);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_uint16_t duk_js_touint16(duk_hthread *thr, duk_tval *tv);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_small_int_t duk_js_to_arrayindex_raw_string(const duk_uint8_t *str, duk_uint32_t blen, duk_uarridx_t *out_idx);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_uarridx_t duk_js_to_arrayindex_string_helper(duk_hstring *h);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_bool_t duk_js_equals_helper(duk_hthread *thr, duk_tval *tv_x, duk_tval *tv_y, duk_small_int_t flags);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_small_int_t duk_js_data_compare(const duk_uint8_t *buf1, const duk_uint8_t *buf2, duk_size_t len1, duk_size_t len2);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_small_int_t duk_js_string_compare(duk_hstring *h1, duk_hstring *h2);
#if 0  /* unused */
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_small_int_t duk_js_buffer_compare(duk_heap *heap, duk_hbuffer *h1, duk_hbuffer *h2);
#endif
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_bool_t duk_js_compare_helper(duk_hthread *thr, duk_tval *tv_x, duk_tval *tv_y, duk_small_int_t flags);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_bool_t duk_js_instanceof(duk_hthread *thr, duk_tval *tv_x, duk_tval *tv_y);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_bool_t duk_js_in(duk_hthread *thr, duk_tval *tv_x, duk_tval *tv_y);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_hstring *duk_js_typeof(duk_hthread *thr, duk_tval *tv_x);

#define duk_js_equals(thr,tv_x,tv_y) \
	duk_js_equals_helper((thr), (tv_x), (tv_y), 0)
#define duk_js_strict_equals(tv_x,tv_y) \
	duk_js_equals_helper(NULL, (tv_x), (tv_y), DUK_EQUALS_FLAG_STRICT)
#define duk_js_samevalue(tv_x,tv_y) \
	duk_js_equals_helper(NULL, (tv_x), (tv_y), DUK_EQUALS_FLAG_SAMEVALUE)

/* E5 Sections 11.8.1, 11.8.5; x < y */
#define duk_js_lessthan(thr,tv_x,tv_y) \
	duk_js_compare_helper((thr), (tv_x), (tv_Y), DUK_COMPARE_FLAG_EVAL_LEFT_FIRST)

/* E5 Sections 11.8.2, 11.8.5; x > y  -->  y < x */
#define duk_js_greaterthan(thr,tv_x,tv_y) \
	duk_js_compare_helper((thr), (tv_y), (tv_x), 0)

/* E5 Sections 11.8.3, 11.8.5; x <= y  -->  not (x > y)  -->  not (y < x) */
#define duk_js_lessthanorequal(thr,tv_x,tv_y) \
	duk_js_compare_helper((thr), (tv_y), (tv_x), DUK_COMPARE_FLAG_NEGATE)

/* E5 Sections 11.8.4, 11.8.5; x >= y  -->  not (x < y) */
#define duk_js_greaterthanorequal(thr,tv_x,tv_y) \
	duk_js_compare_helper((thr), (tv_x), (tv_y), DUK_COMPARE_FLAG_EVAL_LEFT_FIRST | DUK_COMPARE_FLAG_NEGATE)

/* identifiers and environment handling */
#if 0  /*unused*/
DUK_INTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_js_hasvar_envrec(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *env, duk_hstring *name);
#endif
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_bool_t duk_js_getvar_envrec(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *env, duk_hstring *name, duk_bool_t throw_flag);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_bool_t duk_js_getvar_activation(duk_hthread *thr, duk_activation *act, duk_hstring *name, duk_bool_t throw_flag);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_js_putvar_envrec(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *env, duk_hstring *name, duk_tval *val, duk_bool_t strict);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_js_putvar_activation(duk_hthread *thr, duk_activation *act, duk_hstring *name, duk_tval *val, duk_bool_t strict);
#if 0  /*unused*/
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_bool_t duk_js_delvar_envrec(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *env, duk_hstring *name);
#endif
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_bool_t duk_js_delvar_activation(duk_hthread *thr, duk_activation *act, duk_hstring *name);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_bool_t duk_js_declvar_activation(duk_hthread *thr, duk_activation *act, duk_hstring *name, duk_tval *val, duk_small_int_t prop_flags, duk_bool_t is_func_decl);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_js_init_activation_environment_records_delayed(duk_hthread *thr, duk_activation *act);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_js_close_environment_record(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *env, duk_hobject *func, duk_size_t regbase);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_hobject *duk_create_activation_environment_record(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *func, duk_size_t idx_bottom);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL
void duk_js_push_closure(duk_hthread *thr,
                         duk_hcompiledfunction *fun_temp,
                         duk_hobject *outer_var_env,
                         duk_hobject *outer_lex_env,
                         duk_bool_t add_auto_proto);

/* call handling */
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_int_t duk_handle_call_protected(duk_hthread *thr, duk_idx_t num_stack_args, duk_small_uint_t call_flags);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_handle_call_unprotected(duk_hthread *thr, duk_idx_t num_stack_args, duk_small_uint_t call_flags);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_int_t duk_handle_safe_call(duk_hthread *thr, duk_safe_call_function func, duk_idx_t num_stack_args, duk_idx_t num_stack_res);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_bool_t duk_handle_ecma_call_setup(duk_hthread *thr, duk_idx_t num_stack_args, duk_small_uint_t call_flags);

/* bytecode execution */
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_js_execute_bytecode(duk_hthread *exec_thr);

#endif  /* DUK_JS_H_INCLUDED */
#ifndef DUK_NUMCONV_H_INCLUDED
#define DUK_NUMCONV_H_INCLUDED

/*
 *  Number-to-string conversion.  The semantics of these is very tightly
 *  bound with the Ecmascript semantics required for call sites.
 */

/* Output a specified number of digits instead of using the shortest
 * form.  Used for toPrecision() and toFixed().
 */
#define DUK_N2S_FLAG_FIXED_FORMAT         (1 << 0)

/* Force exponential format.  Used for toExponential(). */
#define DUK_N2S_FLAG_FORCE_EXP            (1 << 1)

/* If number would need zero padding (for whole number part), use
 * exponential format instead.  E.g. if input number is 12300, 3
 * digits are generated ("123"), output "1.23e+4" instead of "12300".
 * Used for toPrecision().
 */
#define DUK_N2S_FLAG_NO_ZERO_PAD          (1 << 2)

/* Digit count indicates number of fractions (i.e. an absolute
 * digit index instead of a relative one).  Used together with
 * DUK_N2S_FLAG_FIXED_FORMAT for toFixed().
 */
#define DUK_N2S_FLAG_FRACTION_DIGITS      (1 << 3)

/*
 *  String-to-number conversion
 */

/* Maximum exponent value when parsing numbers.  This is not strictly
 * compliant as there should be no upper limit, but as we parse the
 * exponent without a bigint, impose some limit.
 */
#define DUK_S2N_MAX_EXPONENT              1000000000

/* Trim white space (= allow leading and trailing whitespace) */
#define DUK_S2N_FLAG_TRIM_WHITE           (1 << 0)

/* Allow exponent */
#define DUK_S2N_FLAG_ALLOW_EXP            (1 << 1)

/* Allow trailing garbage (e.g. treat "123foo" as "123) */
#define DUK_S2N_FLAG_ALLOW_GARBAGE        (1 << 2)

/* Allow leading plus sign */
#define DUK_S2N_FLAG_ALLOW_PLUS           (1 << 3)

/* Allow leading minus sign */
#define DUK_S2N_FLAG_ALLOW_MINUS          (1 << 4)

/* Allow 'Infinity' */
#define DUK_S2N_FLAG_ALLOW_INF            (1 << 5)

/* Allow fraction part */
#define DUK_S2N_FLAG_ALLOW_FRAC           (1 << 6)

/* Allow naked fraction (e.g. ".123") */
#define DUK_S2N_FLAG_ALLOW_NAKED_FRAC     (1 << 7)

/* Allow empty fraction (e.g. "123.") */
#define DUK_S2N_FLAG_ALLOW_EMPTY_FRAC     (1 << 8)

/* Allow empty string to be interpreted as 0 */
#define DUK_S2N_FLAG_ALLOW_EMPTY_AS_ZERO  (1 << 9)

/* Allow leading zeroes (e.g. "0123" -> "123") */
#define DUK_S2N_FLAG_ALLOW_LEADING_ZERO   (1 << 10)

/* Allow automatic detection of hex base ("0x" or "0X" prefix),
 * overrides radix argument and forces integer mode.
 */
#define DUK_S2N_FLAG_ALLOW_AUTO_HEX_INT   (1 << 11)

/* Allow automatic detection of octal base, overrides radix
 * argument and forces integer mode.
 */
#define DUK_S2N_FLAG_ALLOW_AUTO_OCT_INT   (1 << 12)

/*
 *  Prototypes
 */

DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_numconv_stringify(duk_context *ctx, duk_small_int_t radix, duk_small_int_t digits, duk_small_uint_t flags);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_numconv_parse(duk_context *ctx, duk_small_int_t radix, duk_small_uint_t flags);

#endif  /* DUK_NUMCONV_H_INCLUDED */
/*
 *  Prototypes for built-in functions not automatically covered by the
 *  header declarations emitted by genbuiltins.py.
 */

#ifndef DUK_BUILTIN_PROTOS_H_INCLUDED
#define DUK_BUILTIN_PROTOS_H_INCLUDED

/* Buffer size needed for duk_bi_date_format_timeval().
 * Accurate value is 32 + 1 for NUL termination:
 *   >>> len('+123456-01-23T12:34:56.123+12:34')
 *   32
 * Include additional space to be safe.
 */
#define  DUK_BI_DATE_ISO8601_BUFSIZE  48

/* Maximum length of CommonJS module identifier to resolve.  Length includes
 * both current module ID, requested (possibly relative) module ID, and a
 * slash in between.
 */
#define  DUK_BI_COMMONJS_MODULE_ID_LIMIT  256

/* Helpers exposed for internal use */
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_bi_date_timeval_to_parts(duk_double_t d, duk_int_t *parts, duk_double_t *dparts, duk_small_uint_t flags);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_double_t duk_bi_date_get_timeval_from_dparts(duk_double_t *dparts, duk_small_uint_t flags);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_bi_date_format_timeval(duk_double_t timeval, duk_uint8_t *out_buf);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_bool_t duk_bi_date_is_leap_year(duk_int_t year);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_bool_t duk_bi_date_timeval_in_valid_range(duk_double_t x);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_bool_t duk_bi_date_year_in_valid_range(duk_double_t year);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_bool_t duk_bi_date_timeval_in_leeway_range(duk_double_t x);
/* Built-in providers */
#if defined(DUK_USE_DATE_NOW_GETTIMEOFDAY)
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_double_t duk_bi_date_get_now_gettimeofday(duk_context *ctx);
#endif
#if defined(DUK_USE_DATE_NOW_TIME)
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_double_t duk_bi_date_get_now_time(duk_context *ctx);
#endif
#if defined(DUK_USE_DATE_NOW_WINDOWS)
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_double_t duk_bi_date_get_now_windows(duk_context *ctx);
#endif
#if defined(DUK_USE_DATE_TZO_GMTIME_R) || defined(DUK_USE_DATE_TZO_GMTIME)
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_int_t duk_bi_date_get_local_tzoffset_gmtime(duk_double_t d);
#endif
#if defined(DUK_USE_DATE_TZO_WINDOWS)
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_int_t duk_bi_date_get_local_tzoffset_windows(duk_double_t d);
#endif
#if defined(DUK_USE_DATE_PRS_STRPTIME)
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_bool_t duk_bi_date_parse_string_strptime(duk_context *ctx, const char *str);
#endif
#if defined(DUK_USE_DATE_PRS_GETDATE)
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_bool_t duk_bi_date_parse_string_getdate(duk_context *ctx, const char *str);
#endif
#if defined(DUK_USE_DATE_FMT_STRFTIME)
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_bool_t duk_bi_date_format_parts_strftime(duk_context *ctx, duk_int_t *parts, duk_int_t tzoffset, duk_small_uint_t flags);
#endif

DUK_INTERNAL_DECL
void duk_bi_json_parse_helper(duk_context *ctx,
                              duk_idx_t idx_value,
                              duk_idx_t idx_reviver,
                              duk_small_uint_t flags);
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL
void duk_bi_json_stringify_helper(duk_context *ctx,
                                  duk_idx_t idx_value,
                                  duk_idx_t idx_replacer,
                                  duk_idx_t idx_space,
                                  duk_small_uint_t flags);

#endif  /* DUK_BUILTIN_PROTOS_H_INCLUDED */
/*
 *  Selftest code
 */

#ifndef DUK_SELFTEST_H_INCLUDED
#define DUK_SELFTEST_H_INCLUDED

#if defined(DUK_USE_SELF_TESTS)
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL void duk_selftest_run_tests(void);
#endif

#endif  /* DUK_SELFTEST_H_INCLUDED */

#endif  /* DUK_INTERNAL_H_INCLUDED */
/*
 *  Replacements for missing platform functions.
 *
 *  Unlike the originals, fpclassify() and signbit() replacements don't
 *  work on any floating point types, only doubles.  The C typing here
 *  mimics the standard prototypes.
 */

/* include removed: duk_internal.h */

#if defined(DUK_USE_COMPUTED_NAN)
DUK_INTERNAL double duk_computed_nan;
#endif

#if defined(DUK_USE_COMPUTED_INFINITY)
DUK_INTERNAL double duk_computed_infinity;
#endif

#if defined(DUK_USE_REPL_FPCLASSIFY)
DUK_INTERNAL int duk_repl_fpclassify(double x) {
	duk_double_union u;
	duk_uint_fast16_t expt;
	duk_small_int_t mzero;

	u.d = x;
	expt = (duk_uint_fast16_t) (u.us[DUK_DBL_IDX_US0] & 0x7ff0UL);
	if (expt > 0x0000UL && expt < 0x7ff0UL) {
		/* expt values [0x001,0x7fe] = normal */
		return DUK_FP_NORMAL;
	}

	mzero = (u.ui[DUK_DBL_IDX_UI1] == 0 && (u.ui[DUK_DBL_IDX_UI0] & 0x000fffffUL) == 0);
	if (expt == 0x0000UL) {
		/* expt 0x000 is zero/subnormal */
		if (mzero) {
			return DUK_FP_ZERO;
		} else {
			return DUK_FP_SUBNORMAL;
		}
	} else {
		/* expt 0xfff is infinite/nan */
		if (mzero) {
			return DUK_FP_INFINITE;
		} else {
			return DUK_FP_NAN;
		}
	}
}
#endif

#if defined(DUK_USE_REPL_SIGNBIT)
DUK_INTERNAL int duk_repl_signbit(double x) {
	duk_double_union u;
	u.d = x;
	return (int) (u.uc[DUK_DBL_IDX_UC0] & 0x80UL);
}
#endif

#if defined(DUK_USE_REPL_ISFINITE)
DUK_INTERNAL int duk_repl_isfinite(double x) {
	int c = DUK_FPCLASSIFY(x);
	if (c == DUK_FP_NAN || c == DUK_FP_INFINITE) {
		return 0;
	} else {
		return 1;
	}
}
#endif

#if defined(DUK_USE_REPL_ISNAN)
DUK_INTERNAL int duk_repl_isnan(double x) {
	int c = DUK_FPCLASSIFY(x);
	return (c == DUK_FP_NAN);
}
#endif

#if defined(DUK_USE_REPL_ISINF)
DUK_INTERNAL int duk_repl_isinf(double x) {
	int c = DUK_FPCLASSIFY(x);
	return (c == DUK_FP_INFINITE);
}
#endif
/*
 *  Shared error message strings
 *
 *  To minimize code footprint, try to share error messages inside Duktape
 *  code.  Modern compilers will do this automatically anyway, this is mostly
 *  for older compilers.
 */

/* include removed: duk_internal.h */

/* Mostly API and built-in method related */
DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_str_internal_error = "internal error";
DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_str_invalid_count = "invalid count";
DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_str_invalid_call_args = "invalid call args";
DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_str_not_constructable = "not constructable";
DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_str_not_callable = "not callable";
DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_str_not_extensible = "not extensible";
DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_str_not_writable = "not writable";
DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_str_not_configurable = "not configurable";

DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_str_invalid_context = "invalid context";
DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_str_push_beyond_alloc_stack = "attempt to push beyond currently allocated stack";
DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_str_not_buffer = "not buffer";  /* still in use with verbose messages */
DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_str_unexpected_type = "unexpected type";
DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_str_defaultvalue_coerce_failed = "[[DefaultValue]] coerce failed";
DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_str_number_outside_range = "number outside range";
DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_str_not_object_coercible = "not object coercible";
DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_str_string_too_long = "string too long";
DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_str_buffer_too_long = "buffer too long";
DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_str_sprintf_too_long = "sprintf message too long";
DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_str_alloc_failed = "alloc failed";
DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_str_pop_too_many = "attempt to pop too many entries";
DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_str_wrong_buffer_type = "wrong buffer type";
DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_str_encode_failed = "encode failed";
DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_str_decode_failed = "decode failed";
DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_str_no_sourcecode = "no sourcecode";
DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_str_concat_result_too_long = "concat result too long";
DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_str_unimplemented = "unimplemented";
DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_str_unsupported = "unsupported";
DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_str_array_length_over_2g = "array length over 2G";

/* JSON */
DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_str_fmt_ptr = "%p";
DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_str_fmt_invalid_json = "invalid json (at offset %ld)";
DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_str_jsondec_reclimit = "json decode recursion limit";
DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_str_jsonenc_reclimit = "json encode recursion limit";
DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_str_cyclic_input = "cyclic input";

/* Object property access */
DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_str_proxy_revoked = "proxy revoked";
DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_str_invalid_base = "invalid base value";
DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_str_strict_caller_read = "attempt to read strict 'caller'";
DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_str_proxy_rejected = "proxy rejected";
DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_str_invalid_array_length = "invalid array length";
DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_str_array_length_write_failed = "array length write failed";
DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_str_array_length_not_writable = "array length non-writable";
DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_str_setter_undefined = "setter undefined";
DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_str_redefine_virt_prop = "attempt to redefine virtual property";
DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_str_invalid_descriptor = "invalid descriptor";
DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_str_property_is_virtual = "property is virtual";

/* Compiler */
DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_str_parse_error = "parse error";
DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_str_duplicate_label = "duplicate label";
DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_str_invalid_label = "invalid label";
DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_str_invalid_array_literal = "invalid array literal";
DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_str_invalid_object_literal = "invalid object literal";
DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_str_invalid_var_declaration = "invalid variable declaration";
DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_str_cannot_delete_identifier = "cannot delete identifier";
DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_str_invalid_expression = "invalid expression";
DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_str_invalid_lvalue = "invalid lvalue";
DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_str_expected_identifier = "expected identifier";
DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_str_empty_expr_not_allowed = "empty expression not allowed";
DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_str_invalid_for = "invalid for statement";
DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_str_invalid_switch = "invalid switch statement";
DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_str_invalid_break_cont_label = "invalid break/continue label";
DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_str_invalid_return = "invalid return";
DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_str_invalid_try = "invalid try";
DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_str_invalid_throw = "invalid throw";
DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_str_with_in_strict_mode = "with in strict mode";
DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_str_func_stmt_not_allowed = "function statement not allowed";
DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_str_unterminated_stmt = "unterminated statement";
DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_str_invalid_arg_name = "invalid argument name";
DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_str_invalid_func_name = "invalid function name";
DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_str_invalid_getset_name = "invalid getter/setter name";
DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_str_func_name_required = "function name required";

/* Regexp */
DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_str_invalid_quantifier_no_atom = "quantifier without preceding atom";
DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_str_invalid_quantifier_values = "quantifier values invalid (qmin > qmax)";
DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_str_quantifier_too_many_copies = "quantifier expansion requires too many atom copies";
DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_str_unexpected_closing_paren = "unexpected closing parenthesis";
DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_str_unexpected_end_of_pattern = "unexpected end of pattern";
DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_str_unexpected_regexp_token = "unexpected token in regexp";
DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_str_invalid_regexp_flags = "invalid regexp flags";
DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_str_invalid_backrefs = "invalid backreference(s)";

/* Limits */
DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_str_valstack_limit = "valstack limit";
DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_str_callstack_limit = "callstack limit";
DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_str_catchstack_limit = "catchstack limit";
DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_str_prototype_chain_limit = "prototype chain limit";
DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_str_bound_chain_limit = "function call bound chain limit";
DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_str_c_callstack_limit = "C call stack depth limit";
DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_str_compiler_recursion_limit = "compiler recursion limit";
DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_str_bytecode_limit = "bytecode limit";
DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_str_reg_limit = "register limit";
DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_str_temp_limit = "temp limit";
DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_str_const_limit = "const limit";
DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_str_func_limit = "function limit";
DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_str_regexp_compiler_recursion_limit = "regexp compiler recursion limit";
DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_str_regexp_executor_recursion_limit = "regexp executor recursion limit";
DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_str_regexp_executor_step_limit = "regexp step limit";

/* Misc */
/*
 *  Debugging macro calls.
 */

/* include removed: duk_internal.h */

#ifdef DUK_USE_DEBUG

/*
 *  Debugging enabled
 */

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdarg.h>

#define DUK__DEBUG_BUFSIZE  DUK_USE_DEBUG_BUFSIZE
DUK_LOCAL char duk__debug_buf[DUK__DEBUG_BUFSIZE];

DUK_LOCAL const char *duk__get_level_string(duk_small_int_t level) {
	switch ((int) level) {
	case DUK_LEVEL_DEBUG:
		return "D";
	case DUK_LEVEL_DDEBUG:
		return "DD";
	case DUK_LEVEL_DDDEBUG:
		return "DDD";
	}
	return "???";
}

#ifdef DUK_USE_DPRINT_COLORS

/* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANSI_escape_code */
#define DUK__TERM_REVERSE  "\x1b[7m"
#define DUK__TERM_BRIGHT   "\x1b[1m"
#define DUK__TERM_RESET    "\x1b[0m"
#define DUK__TERM_BLUE     "\x1b[34m"
#define DUK__TERM_RED      "\x1b[31m"

DUK_LOCAL const char *duk__get_term_1(duk_small_int_t level) {
	DUK_UNREF(level);
	return (const char *) DUK__TERM_RED;
}

DUK_LOCAL const char *duk__get_term_2(duk_small_int_t level) {
	switch ((int) level) {
	case DUK_LEVEL_DEBUG:
		return (const char *) (DUK__TERM_RESET DUK__TERM_BRIGHT);
	case DUK_LEVEL_DDEBUG:
		return (const char *) (DUK__TERM_RESET);
	case DUK_LEVEL_DDDEBUG:
		return (const char *) (DUK__TERM_RESET DUK__TERM_BLUE);
	}
	return (const char *) DUK__TERM_RESET;
}

DUK_LOCAL const char *duk__get_term_3(duk_small_int_t level) {
	DUK_UNREF(level);
	return (const char *) DUK__TERM_RESET;
}

#else

DUK_LOCAL const char *duk__get_term_1(duk_small_int_t level) {
	DUK_UNREF(level);
	return (const char *) "";
}

DUK_LOCAL const char *duk__get_term_2(duk_small_int_t level) {
	DUK_UNREF(level);
	return (const char *) "";
}

DUK_LOCAL const char *duk__get_term_3(duk_small_int_t level) {
	DUK_UNREF(level);
	return (const char *) "";
}

#endif  /* DUK_USE_DPRINT_COLORS */

#ifdef DUK_USE_VARIADIC_MACROS

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_debug_log(duk_small_int_t level, const char *file, duk_int_t line, const char *func, const char *fmt, ...) {
	va_list ap;

	va_start(ap, fmt);

	DUK_MEMZERO((void *) duk__debug_buf, (size_t) DUK__DEBUG_BUFSIZE);
	duk_debug_vsnprintf(duk__debug_buf, DUK__DEBUG_BUFSIZE - 1, fmt, ap);

	DUK_FPRINTF(DUK_STDERR, "%s[%s] %s:%ld (%s):%s %s%s\n",
	            (const char *) duk__get_term_1(level),
	            (const char *) duk__get_level_string(level),
	            (const char *) file,
	            (long) line,
	            (const char *) func,
	            (const char *) duk__get_term_2(level),
	            (const char *) duk__debug_buf,
	            (const char *) duk__get_term_3(level));
	DUK_FFLUSH(DUK_STDERR);

	va_end(ap);
}

#else  /* DUK_USE_VARIADIC_MACROS */

DUK_INTERNAL char duk_debug_file_stash[DUK_DEBUG_STASH_SIZE];
DUK_INTERNAL char duk_debug_line_stash[DUK_DEBUG_STASH_SIZE];
DUK_INTERNAL char duk_debug_func_stash[DUK_DEBUG_STASH_SIZE];
DUK_INTERNAL duk_small_int_t duk_debug_level_stash;

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_debug_log(const char *fmt, ...) {
	va_list ap;
	duk_small_int_t level = duk_debug_level_stash;

	va_start(ap, fmt);

	DUK_MEMZERO((void *) duk__debug_buf, (size_t) DUK__DEBUG_BUFSIZE);
	duk_debug_vsnprintf(duk__debug_buf, DUK__DEBUG_BUFSIZE - 1, fmt, ap);

	DUK_FPRINTF(DUK_STDERR, "%s[%s] %s:%s (%s):%s %s%s\n",
	            (const char *) duk__get_term_1(level),
	            (const char *) duk__get_level_string(duk_debug_level_stash),
	            (const char *) duk_debug_file_stash,
	            (const char *) duk_debug_line_stash,
	            (const char *) duk_debug_func_stash,
	            (const char *) duk__get_term_2(level),
	            (const char *) duk__debug_buf,
	            (const char *) duk__get_term_3(level));
	DUK_FFLUSH(DUK_STDERR);

	va_end(ap);
}

#endif  /* DUK_USE_VARIADIC_MACROS */

#else  /* DUK_USE_DEBUG */

/*
 *  Debugging disabled
 */

#endif  /* DUK_USE_DEBUG */
/*
 *  Automatically generated by genbuiltins.py, do not edit!
 */

/* include removed: duk_internal.h */

#if defined(DUK_USE_ROM_STRINGS)
#error ROM support not enabled, rerun make_dist.py with --rom-support
#else  /* DUK_USE_ROM_STRINGS */
DUK_INTERNAL const duk_uint8_t duk_strings_data[1049] = {
79,104,209,144,168,105,6,78,182,139,90,122,8,154,140,35,103,35,117,193,73,
5,52,116,180,104,166,135,52,189,4,98,12,27,178,156,80,211,31,161,115,150,
64,52,221,109,24,18,68,157,24,38,67,118,36,55,73,119,151,164,140,93,18,117,
128,153,201,228,201,205,2,250,8,196,24,232,104,82,146,40,232,193,48,118,
168,37,147,212,54,127,113,208,70,32,194,187,68,54,127,113,208,70,32,196,
123,68,54,127,113,209,44,12,121,7,208,70,32,194,186,134,207,236,126,219,
160,140,65,133,246,136,108,254,199,237,186,8,196,24,87,80,217,253,159,217,
116,17,136,48,190,209,13,159,217,253,151,65,24,131,12,233,86,224,79,236,
254,203,160,140,65,134,116,171,112,39,246,223,105,208,70,32,193,140,183,4,
11,55,92,20,244,141,169,186,50,11,164,109,77,208,208,165,36,79,215,185,13,
153,34,110,204,241,32,6,66,84,11,112,200,84,52,157,124,92,242,70,120,45,64,
186,17,22,138,38,0,172,140,19,154,84,26,145,0,86,69,17,180,97,34,0,172,132,
75,144,215,77,221,91,132,5,147,178,156,80,211,30,160,93,9,215,21,115,119,
169,49,75,211,138,26,101,205,222,68,157,47,78,40,105,151,55,120,204,156,
189,56,161,166,52,157,72,136,138,65,154,232,147,162,4,136,150,81,115,66,
208,210,37,96,148,250,134,140,151,39,212,125,255,221,125,73,80,209,146,233,
124,93,55,79,15,34,196,230,202,113,160,166,232,157,132,148,128,98,28,46,
114,200,6,153,180,96,73,19,74,113,67,76,103,5,36,20,211,70,140,133,67,72,
49,245,160,235,81,212,52,168,106,39,132,253,111,80,210,161,168,158,5,245,
191,96,31,172,15,208,23,226,190,131,232,62,131,232,11,251,127,93,245,223,
93,251,172,234,27,80,45,3,250,14,140,19,34,65,19,81,132,108,228,97,1,107,
33,12,32,45,100,136,206,9,12,196,155,134,69,146,100,235,226,231,146,51,194,
72,218,48,145,4,200,119,89,189,81,49,39,72,147,235,226,233,186,120,121,58,
226,167,90,124,93,55,107,71,137,33,68,68,130,64,206,75,189,209,156,144,84,
44,141,3,8,137,187,178,156,80,211,26,110,242,100,230,146,120,121,8,48,76,6,
89,26,105,157,65,196,201,213,145,166,153,212,28,76,157,113,75,34,78,62,14,
38,73,105,228,142,136,178,48,141,152,228,73,150,83,0,148,39,137,75,67,73,
214,209,129,36,85,190,206,32,17,6,9,128,141,3,8,130,161,100,235,64,194,24,
52,41,73,19,189,200,108,201,19,111,181,2,232,66,239,173,37,230,157,244,56,
153,4,225,145,27,233,93,22,1,114,62,251,80,69,128,121,247,213,146,228,109,
79,190,212,17,35,106,125,246,78,164,68,68,111,175,23,217,45,13,33,119,208,
68,210,38,250,192,61,91,233,80,208,45,25,36,81,190,156,13,26,201,19,239,
162,2,214,66,31,125,153,226,64,13,27,236,72,96,130,68,62,251,48,68,196,153,
119,217,157,18,56,156,199,161,100,42,26,250,77,36,140,122,40,144,19,34,9,
24,246,103,139,172,150,56,125,145,1,17,29,44,112,250,183,0,100,24,200,218,
140,228,185,130,9,19,237,190,208,73,184,146,35,68,146,163,8,50,178,99,136,
44,89,196,2,33,70,64,208,196,67,74,226,88,17,105,73,24,186,37,40,38,5,133,
161,89,4,183,25,115,119,86,227,118,83,138,26,103,255,223,209,106,141,25,11,
244,95,117,56,208,159,250,223,251,250,45,52,13,250,47,186,156,104,79,253,
111,253,253,22,144,210,253,23,221,78,52,39,254,187,254,254,139,77,67,75,
244,95,117,56,208,159,250,239,251,250,45,22,141,23,209,125,212,227,66,127,
235,63,239,69,163,69,247,83,141,9,255,165,12,72,5,16,64,145,10,32,76,71,64,
156,217,161,180,34,6,64,208,198,36,78,50,20,20,92,204,50,44,147,32,134,226,
17,114,33,202,134,129,107,192,202,232,160,180,104,166,135,52,72,40,144,213,
33,178,152,26,34,56,163,105,44,104,146,116,139,77,43,34,98,57,38,116,72,
179,60,93,97,206,56,52,240,242,56,163,168,34,81,57,178,153,42,228,12,182,
58,22,66,89,19,57,68,176,74,68,35,104,195,18,239,116,102,114,94,100,104,
228,100,49,238,140,203,42,60,145,35,104,181,146,113,161,10,80,46,68,82,24,
245,145,132,108,228,148,54,100,137,64,34,13,100,153,222,1,40,6,33,223,20,
84,19,34,95,23,76,130,153,6,103,208,43,64,141,41,130,104,17,112,130,44,96,
};
#endif  /* DUK_USE_ROM_STRINGS */

#if defined(DUK_USE_ROM_OBJECTS)
#error ROM support not enabled, rerun make_dist.py with --rom-support
#else  /* DUK_USE_ROM_OBJECTS */
/* native functions: 149 */
DUK_INTERNAL const duk_c_function duk_bi_native_functions[149] = {
	duk_bi_array_constructor,
	duk_bi_array_constructor_is_array,
	duk_bi_array_prototype_concat,
	duk_bi_array_prototype_indexof_shared,
	duk_bi_array_prototype_iter_shared,
	duk_bi_array_prototype_join_shared,
	duk_bi_array_prototype_pop,
	duk_bi_array_prototype_push,
	duk_bi_array_prototype_reduce_shared,
	duk_bi_array_prototype_reverse,
	duk_bi_array_prototype_shift,
	duk_bi_array_prototype_slice,
	duk_bi_array_prototype_sort,
	duk_bi_array_prototype_splice,
	duk_bi_array_prototype_to_string,
	duk_bi_array_prototype_unshift,
	duk_bi_arraybuffer_constructor,
	duk_bi_arraybuffer_isview,
	duk_bi_boolean_constructor,
	duk_bi_boolean_prototype_tostring_shared,
	duk_bi_buffer_compare_shared,
	duk_bi_buffer_constructor,
	duk_bi_buffer_prototype_tostring_shared,
	duk_bi_buffer_readfield,
	duk_bi_buffer_slice_shared,
	duk_bi_buffer_writefield,
	duk_bi_dataview_constructor,
	duk_bi_date_constructor,
	duk_bi_date_constructor_now,
	duk_bi_date_constructor_parse,
	duk_bi_date_constructor_utc,
	duk_bi_date_prototype_get_shared,
	duk_bi_date_prototype_get_timezone_offset,
	duk_bi_date_prototype_set_shared,
	duk_bi_date_prototype_set_time,
	duk_bi_date_prototype_to_json,
	duk_bi_date_prototype_tostring_shared,
	duk_bi_date_prototype_value_of,
	duk_bi_duktape_object_act,
	duk_bi_duktape_object_compact,
	duk_bi_duktape_object_dec,
	duk_bi_duktape_object_enc,
	duk_bi_duktape_object_fin,
	duk_bi_duktape_object_gc,
	duk_bi_duktape_object_info,
	duk_bi_error_constructor_shared,
	duk_bi_error_prototype_filename_getter,
	duk_bi_error_prototype_filename_setter,
	duk_bi_error_prototype_linenumber_getter,
	duk_bi_error_prototype_linenumber_setter,
	duk_bi_error_prototype_stack_getter,
	duk_bi_error_prototype_stack_setter,
	duk_bi_error_prototype_to_string,
	duk_bi_function_constructor,
	duk_bi_function_prototype,
	duk_bi_function_prototype_apply,
	duk_bi_function_prototype_bind,
	duk_bi_function_prototype_call,
	duk_bi_function_prototype_to_string,
	duk_bi_global_object_decode_uri,
	duk_bi_global_object_decode_uri_component,
	duk_bi_global_object_encode_uri,
	duk_bi_global_object_encode_uri_component,
	duk_bi_global_object_escape,
	duk_bi_global_object_eval,
	duk_bi_global_object_is_finite,
	duk_bi_global_object_is_nan,
	duk_bi_global_object_parse_float,
	duk_bi_global_object_parse_int,
	duk_bi_global_object_print_helper,
	duk_bi_global_object_require,
	duk_bi_global_object_unescape,
	duk_bi_json_object_parse,
	duk_bi_json_object_stringify,
	duk_bi_logger_constructor,
	duk_bi_logger_prototype_fmt,
	duk_bi_logger_prototype_log_shared,
	duk_bi_logger_prototype_raw,
	duk_bi_math_object_max,
	duk_bi_math_object_min,
	duk_bi_math_object_onearg_shared,
	duk_bi_math_object_random,
	duk_bi_math_object_twoarg_shared,
	duk_bi_nodejs_buffer_byte_length,
	duk_bi_nodejs_buffer_concat,
	duk_bi_nodejs_buffer_constructor,
	duk_bi_nodejs_buffer_copy,
	duk_bi_nodejs_buffer_fill,
	duk_bi_nodejs_buffer_is_buffer,
	duk_bi_nodejs_buffer_is_encoding,
	duk_bi_nodejs_buffer_tojson,
	duk_bi_nodejs_buffer_tostring,
	duk_bi_nodejs_buffer_write,
	duk_bi_number_constructor,
	duk_bi_number_prototype_to_exponential,
	duk_bi_number_prototype_to_fixed,
	duk_bi_number_prototype_to_locale_string,
	duk_bi_number_prototype_to_precision,
	duk_bi_number_prototype_to_string,
	duk_bi_number_prototype_value_of,
	duk_bi_object_constructor,
	duk_bi_object_constructor_create,
	duk_bi_object_constructor_define_properties,
	duk_bi_object_constructor_define_property,
	duk_bi_object_constructor_get_own_property_descriptor,
	duk_bi_object_constructor_is_extensible,
	duk_bi_object_constructor_is_sealed_frozen_shared,
	duk_bi_object_constructor_keys_shared,
	duk_bi_object_constructor_prevent_extensions,
	duk_bi_object_constructor_seal_freeze_shared,
	duk_bi_object_getprototype_shared,
	duk_bi_object_prototype_has_own_property,
	duk_bi_object_prototype_is_prototype_of,
	duk_bi_object_prototype_property_is_enumerable,
	duk_bi_object_prototype_to_locale_string,
	duk_bi_object_prototype_to_string,
	duk_bi_object_prototype_value_of,
	duk_bi_object_setprototype_shared,
	duk_bi_pointer_constructor,
	duk_bi_pointer_prototype_tostring_shared,
	duk_bi_proxy_constructor,
	duk_bi_regexp_constructor,
	duk_bi_regexp_prototype_exec,
	duk_bi_regexp_prototype_test,
	duk_bi_regexp_prototype_to_string,
	duk_bi_string_constructor,
	duk_bi_string_constructor_from_char_code,
	duk_bi_string_prototype_caseconv_shared,
	duk_bi_string_prototype_char_at,
	duk_bi_string_prototype_char_code_at,
	duk_bi_string_prototype_concat,
	duk_bi_string_prototype_indexof_shared,
	duk_bi_string_prototype_locale_compare,
	duk_bi_string_prototype_match,
	duk_bi_string_prototype_replace,
	duk_bi_string_prototype_search,
	duk_bi_string_prototype_slice,
	duk_bi_string_prototype_split,
	duk_bi_string_prototype_substr,
	duk_bi_string_prototype_substring,
	duk_bi_string_prototype_to_string,
	duk_bi_string_prototype_trim,
	duk_bi_thread_constructor,
	duk_bi_thread_current,
	duk_bi_thread_resume,
	duk_bi_thread_yield,
	duk_bi_type_error_thrower,
	duk_bi_typedarray_constructor,
	duk_bi_typedarray_set,
};
#if defined(DUK_USE_BUILTIN_INITJS)
DUK_INTERNAL const duk_uint8_t duk_initjs_data[204] = {
40,102,117,110,99,116,105,111,110,40,100,44,97,41,123,102,117,110,99,116,
105,111,110,32,98,40,97,44,98,44,99,41,123,79,98,106,101,99,116,46,100,101,
102,105,110,101,80,114,111,112,101,114,116,121,40,97,44,98,44,123,118,97,
108,117,101,58,99,44,119,114,105,116,97,98,108,101,58,33,48,44,101,110,117,
109,101,114,97,98,108,101,58,33,49,44,99,111,110,102,105,103,117,114,97,98,
108,101,58,33,48,125,41,125,98,40,97,46,76,111,103,103,101,114,44,34,99,
108,111,103,34,44,110,101,119,32,97,46,76,111,103,103,101,114,40,34,67,34,
41,41,59,98,40,97,44,34,109,111,100,76,111,97,100,101,100,34,44,79,98,106,
101,99,116,46,99,114,101,97,116,101,40,110,117,108,108,41,41,125,41,40,116,
104,105,115,44,68,117,107,116,97,112,101,41,59,10,0,
};
#endif  /* DUK_USE_BUILTIN_INITJS */
#if defined(DUK_USE_DOUBLE_LE)
DUK_INTERNAL const duk_uint8_t duk_builtins_data[3833] = {
105,195,75,32,3,148,52,154,248,9,26,13,128,112,105,0,240,22,20,26,95,124,6,
152,52,137,0,120,99,74,239,129,18,70,241,191,2,98,13,79,32,42,88,210,90,2,
240,1,50,141,37,168,76,94,216,118,69,229,203,127,44,0,84,163,73,106,21,75,
14,236,249,98,242,229,191,150,0,46,81,164,181,14,165,151,54,94,89,119,99,
203,23,151,45,252,176,1,146,141,37,168,93,63,59,186,97,241,23,151,45,252,
176,1,178,141,37,168,77,79,60,50,197,229,203,127,44,0,116,163,73,106,17,86,
148,152,188,185,111,229,128,15,148,129,198,137,36,58,166,142,91,251,212,
243,195,44,94,92,183,242,13,79,8,45,14,91,252,121,148,52,199,120,63,72,105,
21,240,118,128,210,237,224,245,17,165,43,224,211,55,231,207,151,148,161,70,
145,0,31,40,107,26,2,18,138,26,228,192,142,0,16,161,174,76,9,74,26,228,192,
158,0,8,161,174,76,10,96,2,42,26,228,192,174,0,26,161,174,76,11,96,3,74,26,
228,192,190,0,44,161,174,76,12,96,3,202,26,228,192,206,0,70,161,169,84,14,
202,3,255,254,32,234,0,0,0,0,0,0,7,195,248,119,0,0,0,0,0,0,3,193,252,57,
136,1,152,32,16,194,0,166,24,6,49,0,57,138,2,12,96,18,99,128,163,32,5,153,
40,76,94,216,118,69,229,203,127,35,41,10,165,135,118,124,177,121,114,223,
200,203,67,169,101,205,151,150,93,216,242,197,229,203,127,35,49,11,167,231,
119,76,62,34,242,229,191,145,154,132,212,243,195,44,94,92,183,242,51,144,
138,180,164,197,229,203,127,35,60,6,26,0,52,208,193,226,117,215,211,15,12,
166,146,11,67,150,255,30,77,24,58,113,64,243,92,8,27,0,68,217,130,70,212,
19,54,224,161,185,5,77,216,44,111,65,115,126,12,28,16,100,225,156,16,32,18,
17,195,15,46,121,100,238,232,136,136,87,12,60,185,229,141,179,126,30,136,
100,130,233,231,59,12,228,34,66,52,243,141,167,118,158,153,80,73,9,201,151,
30,252,153,106,210,146,118,72,150,76,184,247,228,203,86,148,152,123,246,
240,223,187,46,238,135,132,132,229,221,143,126,76,181,105,73,61,36,75,46,
236,123,242,101,171,74,76,61,251,120,111,221,151,119,67,226,65,178,243,199,
135,134,83,242,66,58,238,203,207,30,30,25,81,201,5,225,203,78,238,136,163,
208,92,59,50,242,232,138,62,0,2,38,163,19,255,255,224,142,80,192,0,20,31,
240,14,135,103,203,210,135,45,253,55,244,243,195,44,252,205,197,0,1,18,221,
82,0,3,24,207,151,164,254,251,168,114,223,195,47,46,158,98,101,231,143,150,
158,29,55,242,104,68,79,62,94,147,251,238,161,203,127,12,188,186,121,157,
135,110,94,109,100,131,99,229,151,15,76,172,168,8,89,217,16,201,151,54,157,
217,104,114,223,195,47,46,154,114,243,102,68,19,158,92,59,27,73,6,205,203,
46,95,89,91,74,0,3,17,225,203,47,108,187,186,69,241,211,46,238,122,119,238,
230,216,72,70,158,116,242,225,217,151,35,81,33,26,121,198,229,191,214,93,
205,69,0,1,134,105,231,23,199,76,187,185,233,197,179,43,73,32,154,242,249,
230,214,80,0,31,255,193,2,38,103,110,117,24,81,115,0,78,228,0,161,208,16,
237,24,121,207,239,186,135,45,252,50,242,233,229,188,144,221,60,232,114,
223,211,127,79,60,50,207,204,224,72,167,14,91,248,101,229,211,204,158,113,
119,117,219,151,150,28,91,50,184,144,40,95,224,0,15,248,64,4,20,78,129,5,
195,195,134,207,38,232,130,99,195,179,97,201,244,19,22,157,217,14,15,130,
135,254,0,48,125,60,224,242,229,135,200,9,1,255,12,2,162,136,112,2,112,80,
128,0,193,177,239,221,143,15,64,35,224,152,20,144,62,27,248,3,2,9,195,175,
61,0,231,208,126,89,123,101,229,207,40,72,32,188,244,105,205,208,40,16,94,
123,52,227,202,22,136,39,61,252,186,6,18,13,207,134,205,56,242,134,175,65,
250,238,231,163,78,110,129,231,208,125,59,178,101,241,63,48,25,248,0,12,47,
102,30,125,36,238,201,151,196,252,192,103,255,255,240,92,189,178,242,242,8,
105,4,231,191,110,80,67,80,0,24,62,109,252,162,225,199,160,16,212,0,10,7,
183,15,0,67,80,0,56,54,109,59,58,101,228,8,106,0,9,6,229,151,39,92,121,66,
15,192,0,97,124,178,228,235,143,45,45,57,244,116,8,63,255,255,10,39,248,0,
195,51,114,223,182,30,140,60,161,239,201,149,248,248,31,241,0,140,80,129,
202,10,49,128,10,35,1,6,199,163,15,40,61,32,9,10,199,163,15,40,123,242,101,
131,210,4,144,108,123,247,99,195,210,8,250,15,167,118,76,190,39,230,131,52,
133,236,195,207,164,157,217,50,248,159,154,12,212,0,6,27,179,126,60,59,50,
195,223,183,134,30,89,97,9,5,219,135,166,61,16,164,131,242,203,195,102,28,
121,97,145,6,231,151,15,44,122,33,201,5,231,179,78,60,177,8,130,243,225,
179,79,72,148,66,121,245,197,207,167,45,59,179,197,162,23,211,124,205,253,
242,242,135,135,158,87,240,68,122,111,153,191,30,29,153,102,111,239,151,
148,60,60,242,191,130,23,211,125,94,28,50,242,135,135,158,87,240,128,0,196,
122,111,153,191,30,29,153,106,240,225,151,148,60,60,242,191,132,0,6,9,211,
150,157,177,160,131,115,235,139,159,78,81,72,10,47,248,0,3,254,40,17,138,
48,66,136,152,64,0,66,129,48,5,27,252,88,76,216,54,47,214,131,50,172,88,31,
255,255,255,255,255,253,239,240,153,178,103,95,173,6,101,88,176,0,64,0,0,0,
0,0,0,3,168,0,0,0,0,0,0,31,15,241,26,19,233,201,169,38,180,91,242,103,70,
147,58,77,75,48,0,0,0,0,0,0,60,31,226,51,162,199,131,82,77,104,183,228,206,
141,38,116,154,150,96,0,0,0,0,0,0,120,127,128,15,248,192,70,40,0,0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,3,10,44,68,9,216,8,20,49,130,15,211,124,109,62,50,228,95,36,55,166,248,
190,56,111,221,151,119,77,56,118,47,18,23,211,125,14,89,113,233,231,167,
126,230,18,5,31,252,0,224,188,48,242,231,148,116,144,58,181,33,143,127,64,
247,111,238,56,0,127,199,2,49,72,0,0,0,0,0,0,248,127,180,81,36,4,51,166,
248,152,122,101,167,211,150,157,217,201,2,0,3,12,233,190,166,157,185,105,
244,229,167,118,114,64,128,1,4,228,129,0,3,137,116,223,51,126,60,59,50,196,
195,211,45,62,156,180,238,206,72,16,0,72,151,77,243,55,227,195,179,45,77,
59,114,211,233,203,78,236,228,129,0,5,10,73,2,0,12,21,18,4,0,28,82,35,32,
80,74,8,62,124,189,42,105,219,148,148,16,188,249,122,70,235,179,101,156,
184,121,15,132,0,34,29,159,47,74,181,33,198,235,179,101,156,184,121,15,132,
0,38,17,159,47,73,187,247,116,208,62,16,0,168,94,124,189,42,212,135,55,126,
238,154,7,194,0,23,7,207,151,164,76,61,50,143,132,0,50,21,159,47,74,181,33,
196,195,211,40,248,64,3,96,217,242,244,137,135,200,248,64,3,161,57,242,244,
171,82,28,76,62,71,194,0,31,8,207,151,164,141,253,121,115,31,8,0,132,47,62,
94,149,106,67,145,191,175,46,99,225,0,17,133,103,203,210,110,157,221,122,
101,230,62,16,1,40,110,124,189,42,212,135,55,78,238,189,50,243,31,8,0,156,
43,62,94,148,242,227,223,187,39,49,240,128,10,67,115,229,233,86,164,58,121,
113,239,221,147,152,248,64,5,97,249,242,244,155,167,102,205,60,242,227,223,
187,39,49,240,128,11,68,179,229,233,86,164,57,186,118,108,211,207,46,61,
251,178,115,31,8,0,188,71,62,94,149,52,237,203,235,126,236,179,243,102,231,
151,161,0,32,252,242,244,169,167,110,82,34,67,249,229,233,55,78,205,154,
121,229,199,191,118,78,100,37,0,24,137,115,203,210,173,72,115,116,236,217,
167,158,92,123,247,100,230,66,80,1,152,87,60,189,41,229,199,191,118,78,100,
43,224,3,80,222,121,122,85,169,14,158,92,123,247,100,230,66,190,0,55,10,
231,151,164,221,59,186,244,203,204,133,252,0,114,27,207,47,74,181,33,205,
211,187,175,76,188,200,95,192,7,97,28,242,244,145,191,175,46,100,51,224,3,
208,190,121,122,85,169,14,70,254,188,185,144,207,128,15,193,249,229,233,19,
15,76,164,37,0,32,133,115,203,210,173,72,113,48,244,202,66,80,2,24,71,60,
189,38,239,221,211,65,10,248,1,20,47,158,94,149,106,67,155,191,119,77,4,43,
224,4,112,190,121,122,70,235,179,101,156,184,121,16,191,128,18,67,185,229,
233,86,164,56,221,118,108,179,151,15,34,23,240,2,88,62,124,189,44,229,195,
200,124,32,4,208,126,121,122,89,203,135,145,9,64,9,194,145,254,0,0,255,144,
24,100,130,14,0,16,176,2,192,129,11,33,12,1,168,193,108,96,186,48,95,32,0,
0,0,0,0,0,0,0,56,38,95,25,113,189,18,9,211,47,62,143,100,20,95,0,20,159,
240,0,7,252,144,162,241,2,195,66,7,11,89,204,140,197,252,229,197,226,230,
115,3,16,69,19,64,5,43,252,0,9,255,40,16,188,33,49,123,97,217,23,151,45,
252,131,66,7,0,20,191,240,0,39,252,176,66,240,133,82,195,187,62,88,188,185,
111,228,26,16,56,0,166,127,128,1,63,230,2,23,132,58,150,92,217,121,101,221,
143,44,94,92,183,242,13,8,28,0,83,127,192,0,159,243,65,11,194,23,79,206,
238,152,124,69,229,203,127,32,208,129,192,5,59,252,0,9,255,56,16,188,33,53,
60,240,203,23,151,45,252,131,66,7,0,20,255,240,0,39,252,240,66,240,132,85,
165,38,47,46,91,249,6,132,14,0,31,255,228,64,98,192,105,87,20,139,10,191,5,
64,130,76,156,197,132,1,101,91,91,187,22,176,36,8,28,201,204,160,119,156,
253,127,33,23,115,31,193,102,79,142,202,44,15,232,34,182,84,113,95,115,248,
52,201,241,216,176,139,0,59,148,152,85,239,47,108,254,5,66,76,1,130,212,69,
79,178,16,148,8,61,58,52,170,49,190,202,6,105,219,251,52,245,7,49,252,22,
157,26,85,25,64,205,59,127,102,158,160,246,63,74,7,135,23,53,2,65,48,227,
223,205,64,160,0,48,76,60,244,238,80,40,0,20,19,15,76,59,148,10,0,7,5,195,
211,14,230,74,72,130,99,203,167,98,129,64,1,32,120,247,243,80,40,0,44,15,
47,142,10,5,0,6,130,230,217,191,127,37,2,128,3,192,246,111,206,160,80,0,
136,30,220,62,19,151,160,123,116,238,79,94,129,240,223,221,73,32,0,48,110,
88,119,100,223,181,68,16,94,91,250,238,200,160,80,0,152,31,61,59,148,10,0,
21,4,231,199,151,69,2,128,5,192,250,97,220,160,80,0,192,127,255,128,20,23,
134,30,92,242,164,34,19,207,167,45,59,179,233,205,229,37,129,127,255,0,0,
191,255,128,0,63,255,197,131,246,203,203,158,157,251,160,0,0,0,0,0,65,226,
32,3,166,156,30,53,32,249,165,131,76,223,159,62,94,70,172,114,16,176,144,
60,56,250,19,18,5,159,25,89,32,121,180,238,42,30,129,229,221,140,164,122,7,
147,46,50,129,232,62,61,251,120,97,199,208,156,129,83,127,0,50,250,69,3,
252,131,32,248,250,242,229,151,119,72,240,3,254,148,0,2,168,254,0,0,255,
167,0,33,68,88,32,0,33,64,176,2,170,254,0,0,255,169,0,33,69,220,32,0,33,67,
184,2,172,254,0,0,255,171,8,137,144,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,128,68,73,4,195,187,126,
226,8,4,178,16,41,164,32,147,7,136,52,193,240,0,18,17,48,124,0,8,133,76,31,
0,3,33,147,7,192,1,8,116,193,240,0,82,127,255,132,47,65,11,137,191,174,45,
153,98,242,229,191,144,105,4,95,47,46,91,249,32,211,185,6,94,92,183,242,65,
163,14,236,155,52,238,206,0,85,255,192,6,13,167,157,109,57,123,136,144,31,
245,192,3,5,231,179,78,60,163,9,0,2,10,199,248,0,3,254,192,4,32,249,242,
244,147,187,163,129,116,128,24,66,51,229,233,87,78,238,142,5,210,0,65,8,
207,151,164,157,221,24,182,23,72,1,140,39,62,94,149,116,238,232,197,176,
186,64,8,97,25,242,244,147,187,163,54,66,233,0,50,132,231,203,210,174,157,
221,25,178,23,72,1,20,43,62,94,145,182,111,195,209,155,33,116,128,17,194,
179,229,233,27,102,252,61,27,52,23,72,1,36,31,158,94,146,119,116,112,50,
208,3,8,71,60,189,42,233,221,209,192,203,64,8,33,28,242,244,147,187,163,22,
195,45,0,49,132,243,203,210,174,157,221,24,182,25,104,1,12,35,158,94,146,
119,116,102,200,101,160,6,80,158,121,122,85,211,187,163,54,67,45,0,34,133,
115,203,210,54,205,248,122,51,100,50,208,2,56,87,60,189,35,108,223,135,163,
102,131,45,0,36,7,255,248,1,11,50,136,132,115,235,139,15,46,88,124,140,36,
0,4,43,79,224,139,16,0,0,0,0,0,0,60,15,192,101,253,152,0,5,109,252,17,98,0,
0,0,0,0,0,7,129,248,12,191,181,0,0,174,63,130,44,64,0,0,0,0,0,0,240,63,1,
151,246,224,0,21,215,240,69,136,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,8,0,50,254,228,0,2,188,254,8,
177,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,6,95,221,128,0,87,223,193,22,32,0,0,0,0,0,0,8,32,0,
203,251,208,0,11,3,248,34,196,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,4,0,25,127,126,0,1,97,127,4,88,
128,0,0,0,0,0,0,32,128,3,47,240,64,0,44,79,224,139,16,0,0,0,0,0,0,8,16,0,
101,254,24,0,5,141,252,1,96,216,247,238,199,135,162,162,33,90,121,197,221,
143,126,77,59,179,172,146,17,167,156,46,185,179,101,228,176,65,89,77,16,
124,123,246,240,195,203,40,162,64,0,193,255,138,5,144,158,89,112,228,171,
39,119,71,2,232,132,114,203,135,36,157,221,28,11,164,0,66,25,203,46,28,149,
100,238,232,197,180,200,162,233,0,1,134,114,203,135,37,89,59,186,49,109,10,
40,186,64,2,97,124,178,225,201,39,119,70,45,166,69,23,72,0,140,47,150,92,
57,36,238,232,197,180,40,162,233,0,25,134,114,203,135,37,89,59,186,51,101,
50,40,186,64,0,161,156,178,225,201,86,78,238,140,217,66,138,46,144,0,168,
95,44,184,114,73,221,209,155,41,145,69,210,0,37,11,229,151,14,73,59,186,51,
101,10,40,186,64,6,161,124,178,225,201,27,102,252,61,38,69,23,72,0,28,47,
150,92,57,35,108,223,135,164,40,162,233,0,11,134,114,203,135,36,77,253,113,
108,203,50,40,186,64,1,33,156,178,225,201,19,127,92,91,50,194,138,46,144,0,
200,87,44,184,114,85,147,187,164,200,162,237,0,5,133,114,203,135,37,89,59,
186,66,138,46,208,0,216,79,44,184,114,73,221,210,100,81,118,128,10,194,121,
101,195,146,78,238,144,162,139,180,0,118,21,223,150,158,153,106,201,221,
209,192,203,33,61,249,105,233,150,78,238,142,6,90,0,33,13,239,203,79,76,
181,100,238,232,197,180,200,163,45,0,1,134,247,229,167,166,90,178,119,116,
98,218,20,81,150,128,4,195,59,242,211,211,44,157,221,24,182,153,20,101,160,
2,48,206,252,180,244,203,39,119,70,45,161,69,25,104,0,204,55,191,45,61,50,
213,147,187,163,54,83,34,140,180,0,10,27,223,150,158,153,106,201,221,209,
155,40,81,70,90,0,21,12,239,203,79,76,178,119,116,102,202,100,81,150,128,9,
67,59,242,211,211,44,157,221,25,178,133,20,101,160,3,80,206,252,180,244,
203,27,102,252,61,38,69,25,104,0,28,51,191,45,61,50,198,217,191,15,72,81,
70,90,0,23,13,239,203,79,76,177,55,245,197,179,44,200,163,45,0,4,134,247,
229,167,166,88,155,250,226,217,150,20,81,150,128,6,66,251,242,211,211,45,
89,59,186,76,138,51,16,0,88,95,126,90,122,101,171,39,119,72,81,70,98,0,27,
10,239,203,79,76,178,119,116,153,20,102,32,2,176,174,252,180,244,203,39,
119,72,81,70,98,0,58,40,173,176,82,90,4,19,54,157,155,21,217,6,203,199,174,
29,156,197,9,7,199,191,111,12,60,178,138,20,0,6,9,143,127,15,42,208,130,
243,217,167,30,81,132,65,123,242,211,211,42,228,0,
};
#elif defined(DUK_USE_DOUBLE_BE)
DUK_INTERNAL const duk_uint8_t duk_builtins_data[3833] = {
105,195,75,32,3,148,52,154,248,9,26,13,128,112,105,0,240,22,20,26,95,124,6,
152,52,137,0,120,99,74,239,129,18,70,241,191,2,98,13,79,32,42,88,210,90,2,
240,1,50,141,37,168,76,94,216,118,69,229,203,127,44,0,84,163,73,106,21,75,
14,236,249,98,242,229,191,150,0,46,81,164,181,14,165,151,54,94,89,119,99,
203,23,151,45,252,176,1,146,141,37,168,93,63,59,186,97,241,23,151,45,252,
176,1,178,141,37,168,77,79,60,50,197,229,203,127,44,0,116,163,73,106,17,86,
148,152,188,185,111,229,128,15,148,129,198,137,36,58,166,142,91,251,212,
243,195,44,94,92,183,242,13,79,8,45,14,91,252,121,148,52,199,120,63,72,105,
21,240,118,128,210,237,224,245,17,165,43,224,211,55,231,207,151,148,161,70,
145,0,31,40,107,26,2,18,138,26,228,192,142,0,16,161,174,76,9,74,26,228,192,
158,0,8,161,174,76,10,96,2,42,26,228,192,174,0,26,161,174,76,11,96,3,74,26,
228,192,190,0,44,161,174,76,12,96,3,202,26,228,192,206,0,70,161,169,84,14,
202,3,255,254,32,234,3,255,192,0,0,0,0,0,0,119,1,255,192,0,0,0,0,0,0,57,
136,1,152,32,16,194,0,166,24,6,49,0,57,138,2,12,96,18,99,128,163,32,5,153,
40,76,94,216,118,69,229,203,127,35,41,10,165,135,118,124,177,121,114,223,
200,203,67,169,101,205,151,150,93,216,242,197,229,203,127,35,49,11,167,231,
119,76,62,34,242,229,191,145,154,132,212,243,195,44,94,92,183,242,51,144,
138,180,164,197,229,203,127,35,60,6,26,0,52,208,193,226,117,215,211,15,12,
166,146,11,67,150,255,30,77,24,58,113,64,243,92,8,27,0,68,217,130,70,212,
19,54,224,161,185,5,77,216,44,111,65,115,126,12,28,16,100,225,156,16,32,18,
17,195,15,46,121,100,238,232,136,136,87,12,60,185,229,141,179,126,30,136,
100,130,233,231,59,12,228,34,66,52,243,141,167,118,158,153,80,73,9,201,151,
30,252,153,106,210,146,118,72,150,76,184,247,228,203,86,148,152,123,246,
240,223,187,46,238,135,132,132,229,221,143,126,76,181,105,73,61,36,75,46,
236,123,242,101,171,74,76,61,251,120,111,221,151,119,67,226,65,178,243,199,
135,134,83,242,66,58,238,203,207,30,30,25,81,201,5,225,203,78,238,136,163,
208,92,59,50,242,232,138,62,0,2,38,163,19,255,255,224,142,80,192,0,20,31,
240,14,135,103,203,210,135,45,253,55,244,243,195,44,252,205,197,0,1,18,221,
82,0,3,24,207,151,164,254,251,168,114,223,195,47,46,158,98,101,231,143,150,
158,29,55,242,104,68,79,62,94,147,251,238,161,203,127,12,188,186,121,157,
135,110,94,109,100,131,99,229,151,15,76,172,168,8,89,217,16,201,151,54,157,
217,104,114,223,195,47,46,154,114,243,102,68,19,158,92,59,27,73,6,205,203,
46,95,89,91,74,0,3,17,225,203,47,108,187,186,69,241,211,46,238,122,119,238,
230,216,72,70,158,116,242,225,217,151,35,81,33,26,121,198,229,191,214,93,
205,69,0,1,134,105,231,23,199,76,187,185,233,197,179,43,73,32,154,242,249,
230,214,80,0,31,255,193,2,38,103,110,117,24,81,115,0,78,228,0,161,208,16,
237,24,121,207,239,186,135,45,252,50,242,233,229,188,144,221,60,232,114,
223,211,127,79,60,50,207,204,224,72,167,14,91,248,101,229,211,204,158,113,
119,117,219,151,150,28,91,50,184,144,40,95,224,0,15,248,64,4,20,78,129,5,
195,195,134,207,38,232,130,99,195,179,97,201,244,19,22,157,217,14,15,130,
135,254,0,48,125,60,224,242,229,135,200,9,1,255,12,2,162,136,112,2,112,80,
128,0,193,177,239,221,143,15,64,35,224,152,20,144,62,27,248,3,2,9,195,175,
61,0,231,208,126,89,123,101,229,207,40,72,32,188,244,105,205,208,40,16,94,
123,52,227,202,22,136,39,61,252,186,6,18,13,207,134,205,56,242,134,175,65,
250,238,231,163,78,110,129,231,208,125,59,178,101,241,63,48,25,248,0,12,47,
102,30,125,36,238,201,151,196,252,192,103,255,255,240,92,189,178,242,242,8,
105,4,231,191,110,80,67,80,0,24,62,109,252,162,225,199,160,16,212,0,10,7,
183,15,0,67,80,0,56,54,109,59,58,101,228,8,106,0,9,6,229,151,39,92,121,66,
15,192,0,97,124,178,228,235,143,45,45,57,244,116,8,63,255,255,10,39,248,0,
195,51,114,223,182,30,140,60,161,239,201,149,248,248,31,241,0,140,80,129,
202,10,49,128,10,35,1,6,199,163,15,40,61,32,9,10,199,163,15,40,123,242,101,
131,210,4,144,108,123,247,99,195,210,8,250,15,167,118,76,190,39,230,131,52,
133,236,195,207,164,157,217,50,248,159,154,12,212,0,6,27,179,126,60,59,50,
195,223,183,134,30,89,97,9,5,219,135,166,61,16,164,131,242,203,195,102,28,
121,97,145,6,231,151,15,44,122,33,201,5,231,179,78,60,177,8,130,243,225,
179,79,72,148,66,121,245,197,207,167,45,59,179,197,162,23,211,124,205,253,
242,242,135,135,158,87,240,68,122,111,153,191,30,29,153,102,111,239,151,
148,60,60,242,191,130,23,211,125,94,28,50,242,135,135,158,87,240,128,0,196,
122,111,153,191,30,29,153,106,240,225,151,148,60,60,242,191,132,0,6,9,211,
150,157,177,160,131,115,235,139,159,78,81,72,10,47,248,0,3,254,40,17,138,
48,66,136,152,64,0,66,129,48,5,27,252,88,76,216,54,47,214,131,50,172,88,15,
253,255,255,255,255,255,255,240,153,178,103,95,173,6,101,88,176,0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,0,67,168,15,255,0,0,0,0,0,0,17,26,19,233,201,169,38,180,91,242,103,70,
147,58,77,75,48,31,252,0,0,0,0,0,0,34,51,162,199,131,82,77,104,183,228,206,
141,38,116,154,150,96,127,248,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,15,248,192,70,40,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
0,3,10,44,68,9,216,8,20,49,130,15,211,124,109,62,50,228,95,36,55,166,248,
190,56,111,221,151,119,77,56,118,47,18,23,211,125,14,89,113,233,231,167,
126,230,18,5,31,252,0,224,188,48,242,231,148,116,144,58,181,33,143,127,64,
247,111,238,56,0,127,199,2,49,72,127,248,0,0,0,0,0,0,180,81,36,4,51,166,
248,152,122,101,167,211,150,157,217,201,2,0,3,12,233,190,166,157,185,105,
244,229,167,118,114,64,128,1,4,228,129,0,3,137,116,223,51,126,60,59,50,196,
195,211,45,62,156,180,238,206,72,16,0,72,151,77,243,55,227,195,179,45,77,
59,114,211,233,203,78,236,228,129,0,5,10,73,2,0,12,21,18,4,0,28,82,35,32,
80,74,8,62,124,189,42,105,219,148,148,16,188,249,122,70,235,179,101,156,
184,121,15,132,0,34,29,159,47,74,181,33,198,235,179,101,156,184,121,15,132,
0,38,17,159,47,73,187,247,116,208,62,16,0,168,94,124,189,42,212,135,55,126,
238,154,7,194,0,23,7,207,151,164,76,61,50,143,132,0,50,21,159,47,74,181,33,
196,195,211,40,248,64,3,96,217,242,244,137,135,200,248,64,3,161,57,242,244,
171,82,28,76,62,71,194,0,31,8,207,151,164,141,253,121,115,31,8,0,132,47,62,
94,149,106,67,145,191,175,46,99,225,0,17,133,103,203,210,110,157,221,122,
101,230,62,16,1,40,110,124,189,42,212,135,55,78,238,189,50,243,31,8,0,156,
43,62,94,148,242,227,223,187,39,49,240,128,10,67,115,229,233,86,164,58,121,
113,239,221,147,152,248,64,5,97,249,242,244,155,167,102,205,60,242,227,223,
187,39,49,240,128,11,68,179,229,233,86,164,57,186,118,108,211,207,46,61,
251,178,115,31,8,0,188,71,62,94,149,52,237,203,235,126,236,179,243,102,231,
151,161,0,32,252,242,244,169,167,110,82,34,67,249,229,233,55,78,205,154,
121,229,199,191,118,78,100,37,0,24,137,115,203,210,173,72,115,116,236,217,
167,158,92,123,247,100,230,66,80,1,152,87,60,189,41,229,199,191,118,78,100,
43,224,3,80,222,121,122,85,169,14,158,92,123,247,100,230,66,190,0,55,10,
231,151,164,221,59,186,244,203,204,133,252,0,114,27,207,47,74,181,33,205,
211,187,175,76,188,200,95,192,7,97,28,242,244,145,191,175,46,100,51,224,3,
208,190,121,122,85,169,14,70,254,188,185,144,207,128,15,193,249,229,233,19,
15,76,164,37,0,32,133,115,203,210,173,72,113,48,244,202,66,80,2,24,71,60,
189,38,239,221,211,65,10,248,1,20,47,158,94,149,106,67,155,191,119,77,4,43,
224,4,112,190,121,122,70,235,179,101,156,184,121,16,191,128,18,67,185,229,
233,86,164,56,221,118,108,179,151,15,34,23,240,2,88,62,124,189,44,229,195,
200,124,32,4,208,126,121,122,89,203,135,145,9,64,9,194,145,254,0,0,255,144,
24,100,130,14,0,16,176,2,192,129,11,33,12,1,168,193,108,96,186,48,95,32,0,
0,0,0,0,0,0,0,56,38,95,25,113,189,18,9,211,47,62,143,100,20,95,0,20,159,
240,0,7,252,144,162,241,2,195,66,7,11,89,204,140,197,252,229,197,226,230,
115,3,16,69,19,64,5,43,252,0,9,255,40,16,188,33,49,123,97,217,23,151,45,
252,131,66,7,0,20,191,240,0,39,252,176,66,240,133,82,195,187,62,88,188,185,
111,228,26,16,56,0,166,127,128,1,63,230,2,23,132,58,150,92,217,121,101,221,
143,44,94,92,183,242,13,8,28,0,83,127,192,0,159,243,65,11,194,23,79,206,
238,152,124,69,229,203,127,32,208,129,192,5,59,252,0,9,255,56,16,188,33,53,
60,240,203,23,151,45,252,131,66,7,0,20,255,240,0,39,252,240,66,240,132,85,
165,38,47,46,91,249,6,132,14,0,31,255,228,64,98,192,64,5,191,10,139,20,87,
105,130,76,156,197,132,4,0,38,187,27,187,85,81,104,28,201,204,160,31,243,
23,33,127,125,28,247,193,102,79,142,202,44,3,255,113,84,118,82,184,47,232,
52,201,241,216,176,139,0,255,111,45,236,84,155,148,58,5,66,76,4,0,146,31,
181,68,66,209,136,61,58,52,170,49,190,202,1,255,53,4,243,51,249,222,108,22,
157,26,85,25,64,63,246,160,158,102,127,59,205,74,7,135,23,53,2,65,48,227,
223,205,64,160,0,48,76,60,244,238,80,40,0,20,19,15,76,59,148,10,0,7,5,195,
211,14,230,74,72,130,99,203,167,98,129,64,1,32,120,247,243,80,40,0,44,15,
47,142,10,5,0,6,130,230,217,191,127,37,2,128,3,192,246,111,206,160,80,0,
136,30,220,62,19,151,160,123,116,238,79,94,129,240,223,221,73,32,0,48,110,
88,119,100,223,181,68,16,94,91,250,238,200,160,80,0,152,31,61,59,148,10,0,
21,4,231,199,151,69,2,128,5,192,250,97,220,160,80,0,192,127,255,128,20,23,
134,30,92,242,164,34,19,207,167,45,59,179,233,205,229,37,129,127,255,0,0,
191,255,128,0,63,255,197,131,246,203,203,158,157,251,160,32,98,65,128,0,0,
0,0,3,166,156,30,53,32,249,165,131,76,223,159,62,94,70,172,114,16,176,144,
60,56,250,19,18,5,159,25,89,32,121,180,238,42,30,129,229,221,140,164,122,7,
147,46,50,129,232,62,61,251,120,97,199,208,156,129,83,127,0,50,250,69,3,
252,131,32,248,250,242,229,151,119,72,240,3,254,148,0,2,168,254,0,0,255,
167,0,33,68,88,32,0,33,64,176,2,170,254,0,0,255,169,0,33,69,220,32,0,33,67,
184,2,172,254,0,0,255,171,8,137,144,128,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,68,73,4,195,187,126,
226,8,4,178,16,41,164,32,147,7,136,52,193,240,0,18,17,48,124,0,8,133,76,31,
0,3,33,147,7,192,1,8,116,193,240,0,82,127,255,132,47,65,11,137,191,174,45,
153,98,242,229,191,144,105,4,95,47,46,91,249,32,211,185,6,94,92,183,242,65,
163,14,236,155,52,238,206,0,85,255,192,6,13,167,157,109,57,123,136,144,31,
245,192,3,5,231,179,78,60,163,9,0,2,10,199,248,0,3,254,192,4,32,249,242,
244,147,187,163,129,116,128,24,66,51,229,233,87,78,238,142,5,210,0,65,8,
207,151,164,157,221,24,182,23,72,1,140,39,62,94,149,116,238,232,197,176,
186,64,8,97,25,242,244,147,187,163,54,66,233,0,50,132,231,203,210,174,157,
221,25,178,23,72,1,20,43,62,94,145,182,111,195,209,155,33,116,128,17,194,
179,229,233,27,102,252,61,27,52,23,72,1,36,31,158,94,146,119,116,112,50,
208,3,8,71,60,189,42,233,221,209,192,203,64,8,33,28,242,244,147,187,163,22,
195,45,0,49,132,243,203,210,174,157,221,24,182,25,104,1,12,35,158,94,146,
119,116,102,200,101,160,6,80,158,121,122,85,211,187,163,54,67,45,0,34,133,
115,203,210,54,205,248,122,51,100,50,208,2,56,87,60,189,35,108,223,135,163,
102,131,45,0,36,7,255,248,1,11,50,136,132,115,235,139,15,46,88,124,140,36,
0,4,43,79,224,139,16,15,252,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,101,253,152,0,5,109,252,17,98,1,
255,128,0,0,0,0,0,0,12,191,181,0,0,174,63,130,44,64,63,240,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,
151,246,224,0,21,215,240,69,136,8,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,50,254,228,0,2,188,254,8,
177,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,6,95,221,128,0,87,223,193,22,32,32,8,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
203,251,208,0,11,3,248,34,196,4,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,25,127,126,0,1,97,127,4,88,
128,128,32,0,0,0,0,0,0,3,47,240,64,0,44,79,224,139,16,16,8,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
101,254,24,0,5,141,252,1,96,216,247,238,199,135,162,162,33,90,121,197,221,
143,126,77,59,179,172,146,17,167,156,46,185,179,101,228,176,65,89,77,16,
124,123,246,240,195,203,40,162,64,0,193,255,138,5,144,158,89,112,228,171,
39,119,71,2,232,132,114,203,135,36,157,221,28,11,164,0,66,25,203,46,28,149,
100,238,232,197,180,200,162,233,0,1,134,114,203,135,37,89,59,186,49,109,10,
40,186,64,2,97,124,178,225,201,39,119,70,45,166,69,23,72,0,140,47,150,92,
57,36,238,232,197,180,40,162,233,0,25,134,114,203,135,37,89,59,186,51,101,
50,40,186,64,0,161,156,178,225,201,86,78,238,140,217,66,138,46,144,0,168,
95,44,184,114,73,221,209,155,41,145,69,210,0,37,11,229,151,14,73,59,186,51,
101,10,40,186,64,6,161,124,178,225,201,27,102,252,61,38,69,23,72,0,28,47,
150,92,57,35,108,223,135,164,40,162,233,0,11,134,114,203,135,36,77,253,113,
108,203,50,40,186,64,1,33,156,178,225,201,19,127,92,91,50,194,138,46,144,0,
200,87,44,184,114,85,147,187,164,200,162,237,0,5,133,114,203,135,37,89,59,
186,66,138,46,208,0,216,79,44,184,114,73,221,210,100,81,118,128,10,194,121,
101,195,146,78,238,144,162,139,180,0,118,21,223,150,158,153,106,201,221,
209,192,203,33,61,249,105,233,150,78,238,142,6,90,0,33,13,239,203,79,76,
181,100,238,232,197,180,200,163,45,0,1,134,247,229,167,166,90,178,119,116,
98,218,20,81,150,128,4,195,59,242,211,211,44,157,221,24,182,153,20,101,160,
2,48,206,252,180,244,203,39,119,70,45,161,69,25,104,0,204,55,191,45,61,50,
213,147,187,163,54,83,34,140,180,0,10,27,223,150,158,153,106,201,221,209,
155,40,81,70,90,0,21,12,239,203,79,76,178,119,116,102,202,100,81,150,128,9,
67,59,242,211,211,44,157,221,25,178,133,20,101,160,3,80,206,252,180,244,
203,27,102,252,61,38,69,25,104,0,28,51,191,45,61,50,198,217,191,15,72,81,
70,90,0,23,13,239,203,79,76,177,55,245,197,179,44,200,163,45,0,4,134,247,
229,167,166,88,155,250,226,217,150,20,81,150,128,6,66,251,242,211,211,45,
89,59,186,76,138,51,16,0,88,95,126,90,122,101,171,39,119,72,81,70,98,0,27,
10,239,203,79,76,178,119,116,153,20,102,32,2,176,174,252,180,244,203,39,
119,72,81,70,98,0,58,40,173,176,82,90,4,19,54,157,155,21,217,6,203,199,174,
29,156,197,9,7,199,191,111,12,60,178,138,20,0,6,9,143,127,15,42,208,130,
243,217,167,30,81,132,65,123,242,211,211,42,228,0,
};
#elif defined(DUK_USE_DOUBLE_ME)
DUK_INTERNAL const duk_uint8_t duk_builtins_data[3833] = {
105,195,75,32,3,148,52,154,248,9,26,13,128,112,105,0,240,22,20,26,95,124,6,
152,52,137,0,120,99,74,239,129,18,70,241,191,2,98,13,79,32,42,88,210,90,2,
240,1,50,141,37,168,76,94,216,118,69,229,203,127,44,0,84,163,73,106,21,75,
14,236,249,98,242,229,191,150,0,46,81,164,181,14,165,151,54,94,89,119,99,
203,23,151,45,252,176,1,146,141,37,168,93,63,59,186,97,241,23,151,45,252,
176,1,178,141,37,168,77,79,60,50,197,229,203,127,44,0,116,163,73,106,17,86,
148,152,188,185,111,229,128,15,148,129,198,137,36,58,166,142,91,251,212,
243,195,44,94,92,183,242,13,79,8,45,14,91,252,121,148,52,199,120,63,72,105,
21,240,118,128,210,237,224,245,17,165,43,224,211,55,231,207,151,148,161,70,
145,0,31,40,107,26,2,18,138,26,228,192,142,0,16,161,174,76,9,74,26,228,192,
158,0,8,161,174,76,10,96,2,42,26,228,192,174,0,26,161,174,76,11,96,3,74,26,
228,192,190,0,44,161,174,76,12,96,3,202,26,228,192,206,0,70,161,169,84,14,
202,3,255,254,32,234,0,0,7,195,248,0,0,0,0,119,0,0,3,193,252,0,0,0,0,57,
136,1,152,32,16,194,0,166,24,6,49,0,57,138,2,12,96,18,99,128,163,32,5,153,
40,76,94,216,118,69,229,203,127,35,41,10,165,135,118,124,177,121,114,223,
200,203,67,169,101,205,151,150,93,216,242,197,229,203,127,35,49,11,167,231,
119,76,62,34,242,229,191,145,154,132,212,243,195,44,94,92,183,242,51,144,
138,180,164,197,229,203,127,35,60,6,26,0,52,208,193,226,117,215,211,15,12,
166,146,11,67,150,255,30,77,24,58,113,64,243,92,8,27,0,68,217,130,70,212,
19,54,224,161,185,5,77,216,44,111,65,115,126,12,28,16,100,225,156,16,32,18,
17,195,15,46,121,100,238,232,136,136,87,12,60,185,229,141,179,126,30,136,
100,130,233,231,59,12,228,34,66,52,243,141,167,118,158,153,80,73,9,201,151,
30,252,153,106,210,146,118,72,150,76,184,247,228,203,86,148,152,123,246,
240,223,187,46,238,135,132,132,229,221,143,126,76,181,105,73,61,36,75,46,
236,123,242,101,171,74,76,61,251,120,111,221,151,119,67,226,65,178,243,199,
135,134,83,242,66,58,238,203,207,30,30,25,81,201,5,225,203,78,238,136,163,
208,92,59,50,242,232,138,62,0,2,38,163,19,255,255,224,142,80,192,0,20,31,
240,14,135,103,203,210,135,45,253,55,244,243,195,44,252,205,197,0,1,18,221,
82,0,3,24,207,151,164,254,251,168,114,223,195,47,46,158,98,101,231,143,150,
158,29,55,242,104,68,79,62,94,147,251,238,161,203,127,12,188,186,121,157,
135,110,94,109,100,131,99,229,151,15,76,172,168,8,89,217,16,201,151,54,157,
217,104,114,223,195,47,46,154,114,243,102,68,19,158,92,59,27,73,6,205,203,
46,95,89,91,74,0,3,17,225,203,47,108,187,186,69,241,211,46,238,122,119,238,
230,216,72,70,158,116,242,225,217,151,35,81,33,26,121,198,229,191,214,93,
205,69,0,1,134,105,231,23,199,76,187,185,233,197,179,43,73,32,154,242,249,
230,214,80,0,31,255,193,2,38,103,110,117,24,81,115,0,78,228,0,161,208,16,
237,24,121,207,239,186,135,45,252,50,242,233,229,188,144,221,60,232,114,
223,211,127,79,60,50,207,204,224,72,167,14,91,248,101,229,211,204,158,113,
119,117,219,151,150,28,91,50,184,144,40,95,224,0,15,248,64,4,20,78,129,5,
195,195,134,207,38,232,130,99,195,179,97,201,244,19,22,157,217,14,15,130,
135,254,0,48,125,60,224,242,229,135,200,9,1,255,12,2,162,136,112,2,112,80,
128,0,193,177,239,221,143,15,64,35,224,152,20,144,62,27,248,3,2,9,195,175,
61,0,231,208,126,89,123,101,229,207,40,72,32,188,244,105,205,208,40,16,94,
123,52,227,202,22,136,39,61,252,186,6,18,13,207,134,205,56,242,134,175,65,
250,238,231,163,78,110,129,231,208,125,59,178,101,241,63,48,25,248,0,12,47,
102,30,125,36,238,201,151,196,252,192,103,255,255,240,92,189,178,242,242,8,
105,4,231,191,110,80,67,80,0,24,62,109,252,162,225,199,160,16,212,0,10,7,
183,15,0,67,80,0,56,54,109,59,58,101,228,8,106,0,9,6,229,151,39,92,121,66,
15,192,0,97,124,178,228,235,143,45,45,57,244,116,8,63,255,255,10,39,248,0,
195,51,114,223,182,30,140,60,161,239,201,149,248,248,31,241,0,140,80,129,
202,10,49,128,10,35,1,6,199,163,15,40,61,32,9,10,199,163,15,40,123,242,101,
131,210,4,144,108,123,247,99,195,210,8,250,15,167,118,76,190,39,230,131,52,
133,236,195,207,164,157,217,50,248,159,154,12,212,0,6,27,179,126,60,59,50,
195,223,183,134,30,89,97,9,5,219,135,166,61,16,164,131,242,203,195,102,28,
121,97,145,6,231,151,15,44,122,33,201,5,231,179,78,60,177,8,130,243,225,
179,79,72,148,66,121,245,197,207,167,45,59,179,197,162,23,211,124,205,253,
242,242,135,135,158,87,240,68,122,111,153,191,30,29,153,102,111,239,151,
148,60,60,242,191,130,23,211,125,94,28,50,242,135,135,158,87,240,128,0,196,
122,111,153,191,30,29,153,106,240,225,151,148,60,60,242,191,132,0,6,9,211,
150,157,177,160,131,115,235,139,159,78,81,72,10,47,248,0,3,254,40,17,138,
48,66,136,152,64,0,66,129,48,5,27,252,88,76,216,54,47,214,131,50,172,88,31,
255,253,239,255,255,255,255,240,153,178,103,95,173,6,101,88,176,0,0,0,0,0,
64,0,0,3,168,0,0,31,15,224,0,0,0,17,26,19,233,201,169,38,180,91,242,103,70,
147,58,77,75,48,0,0,60,31,192,0,0,0,34,51,162,199,131,82,77,104,183,228,
206,141,38,116,154,150,96,0,0,120,127,128,0,0,0,0,15,248,192,70,40,0,0,0,0,
0,0,0,0,3,10,44,68,9,216,8,20,49,130,15,211,124,109,62,50,228,95,36,55,166,
248,190,56,111,221,151,119,77,56,118,47,18,23,211,125,14,89,113,233,231,
167,126,230,18,5,31,252,0,224,188,48,242,231,148,116,144,58,181,33,143,127,
64,247,111,238,56,0,127,199,2,49,72,0,0,248,127,0,0,0,0,180,81,36,4,51,166,
248,152,122,101,167,211,150,157,217,201,2,0,3,12,233,190,166,157,185,105,
244,229,167,118,114,64,128,1,4,228,129,0,3,137,116,223,51,126,60,59,50,196,
195,211,45,62,156,180,238,206,72,16,0,72,151,77,243,55,227,195,179,45,77,
59,114,211,233,203,78,236,228,129,0,5,10,73,2,0,12,21,18,4,0,28,82,35,32,
80,74,8,62,124,189,42,105,219,148,148,16,188,249,122,70,235,179,101,156,
184,121,15,132,0,34,29,159,47,74,181,33,198,235,179,101,156,184,121,15,132,
0,38,17,159,47,73,187,247,116,208,62,16,0,168,94,124,189,42,212,135,55,126,
238,154,7,194,0,23,7,207,151,164,76,61,50,143,132,0,50,21,159,47,74,181,33,
196,195,211,40,248,64,3,96,217,242,244,137,135,200,248,64,3,161,57,242,244,
171,82,28,76,62,71,194,0,31,8,207,151,164,141,253,121,115,31,8,0,132,47,62,
94,149,106,67,145,191,175,46,99,225,0,17,133,103,203,210,110,157,221,122,
101,230,62,16,1,40,110,124,189,42,212,135,55,78,238,189,50,243,31,8,0,156,
43,62,94,148,242,227,223,187,39,49,240,128,10,67,115,229,233,86,164,58,121,
113,239,221,147,152,248,64,5,97,249,242,244,155,167,102,205,60,242,227,223,
187,39,49,240,128,11,68,179,229,233,86,164,57,186,118,108,211,207,46,61,
251,178,115,31,8,0,188,71,62,94,149,52,237,203,235,126,236,179,243,102,231,
151,161,0,32,252,242,244,169,167,110,82,34,67,249,229,233,55,78,205,154,
121,229,199,191,118,78,100,37,0,24,137,115,203,210,173,72,115,116,236,217,
167,158,92,123,247,100,230,66,80,1,152,87,60,189,41,229,199,191,118,78,100,
43,224,3,80,222,121,122,85,169,14,158,92,123,247,100,230,66,190,0,55,10,
231,151,164,221,59,186,244,203,204,133,252,0,114,27,207,47,74,181,33,205,
211,187,175,76,188,200,95,192,7,97,28,242,244,145,191,175,46,100,51,224,3,
208,190,121,122,85,169,14,70,254,188,185,144,207,128,15,193,249,229,233,19,
15,76,164,37,0,32,133,115,203,210,173,72,113,48,244,202,66,80,2,24,71,60,
189,38,239,221,211,65,10,248,1,20,47,158,94,149,106,67,155,191,119,77,4,43,
224,4,112,190,121,122,70,235,179,101,156,184,121,16,191,128,18,67,185,229,
233,86,164,56,221,118,108,179,151,15,34,23,240,2,88,62,124,189,44,229,195,
200,124,32,4,208,126,121,122,89,203,135,145,9,64,9,194,145,254,0,0,255,144,
24,100,130,14,0,16,176,2,192,129,11,33,12,1,168,193,108,96,186,48,95,32,0,
0,0,0,0,0,0,0,56,38,95,25,113,189,18,9,211,47,62,143,100,20,95,0,20,159,
240,0,7,252,144,162,241,2,195,66,7,11,89,204,140,197,252,229,197,226,230,
115,3,16,69,19,64,5,43,252,0,9,255,40,16,188,33,49,123,97,217,23,151,45,
252,131,66,7,0,20,191,240,0,39,252,176,66,240,133,82,195,187,62,88,188,185,
111,228,26,16,56,0,166,127,128,1,63,230,2,23,132,58,150,92,217,121,101,221,
143,44,94,92,183,242,13,8,28,0,83,127,192,0,159,243,65,11,194,23,79,206,
238,152,124,69,229,203,127,32,208,129,192,5,59,252,0,9,255,56,16,188,33,53,
60,240,203,23,151,45,252,131,66,7,0,20,255,240,0,39,252,240,66,240,132,85,
165,38,47,46,91,249,6,132,14,0,31,255,228,64,98,192,10,191,5,64,105,87,20,
139,130,76,156,197,132,11,22,176,36,1,101,91,91,184,28,201,204,160,33,23,
115,31,247,156,253,127,65,102,79,142,202,44,4,113,95,115,255,232,34,182,88,
52,201,241,216,176,139,1,239,47,108,252,59,148,152,86,5,66,76,15,178,16,
148,1,130,212,69,72,61,58,52,170,49,190,202,4,245,7,49,254,105,219,251,52,
22,157,26,85,25,64,158,160,246,63,205,59,127,102,74,7,135,23,53,2,65,48,
227,223,205,64,160,0,48,76,60,244,238,80,40,0,20,19,15,76,59,148,10,0,7,5,
195,211,14,230,74,72,130,99,203,167,98,129,64,1,32,120,247,243,80,40,0,44,
15,47,142,10,5,0,6,130,230,217,191,127,37,2,128,3,192,246,111,206,160,80,0,
136,30,220,62,19,151,160,123,116,238,79,94,129,240,223,221,73,32,0,48,110,
88,119,100,223,181,68,16,94,91,250,238,200,160,80,0,152,31,61,59,148,10,0,
21,4,231,199,151,69,2,128,5,192,250,97,220,160,80,0,192,127,255,128,20,23,
134,30,92,242,164,34,19,207,167,45,59,179,233,205,229,37,129,127,255,0,0,
191,255,128,0,63,255,197,131,246,203,203,158,157,251,160,0,65,226,32,0,0,0,
0,3,166,156,30,53,32,249,165,131,76,223,159,62,94,70,172,114,16,176,144,60,
56,250,19,18,5,159,25,89,32,121,180,238,42,30,129,229,221,140,164,122,7,
147,46,50,129,232,62,61,251,120,97,199,208,156,129,83,127,0,50,250,69,3,
252,131,32,248,250,242,229,151,119,72,240,3,254,148,0,2,168,254,0,0,255,
167,0,33,68,88,32,0,33,64,176,2,170,254,0,0,255,169,0,33,69,220,32,0,33,67,
184,2,172,254,0,0,255,171,8,137,144,0,0,0,128,0,0,0,0,68,73,4,195,187,126,
226,8,4,178,16,41,164,32,147,7,136,52,193,240,0,18,17,48,124,0,8,133,76,31,
0,3,33,147,7,192,1,8,116,193,240,0,82,127,255,132,47,65,11,137,191,174,45,
153,98,242,229,191,144,105,4,95,47,46,91,249,32,211,185,6,94,92,183,242,65,
163,14,236,155,52,238,206,0,85,255,192,6,13,167,157,109,57,123,136,144,31,
245,192,3,5,231,179,78,60,163,9,0,2,10,199,248,0,3,254,192,4,32,249,242,
244,147,187,163,129,116,128,24,66,51,229,233,87,78,238,142,5,210,0,65,8,
207,151,164,157,221,24,182,23,72,1,140,39,62,94,149,116,238,232,197,176,
186,64,8,97,25,242,244,147,187,163,54,66,233,0,50,132,231,203,210,174,157,
221,25,178,23,72,1,20,43,62,94,145,182,111,195,209,155,33,116,128,17,194,
179,229,233,27,102,252,61,27,52,23,72,1,36,31,158,94,146,119,116,112,50,
208,3,8,71,60,189,42,233,221,209,192,203,64,8,33,28,242,244,147,187,163,22,
195,45,0,49,132,243,203,210,174,157,221,24,182,25,104,1,12,35,158,94,146,
119,116,102,200,101,160,6,80,158,121,122,85,211,187,163,54,67,45,0,34,133,
115,203,210,54,205,248,122,51,100,50,208,2,56,87,60,189,35,108,223,135,163,
102,131,45,0,36,7,255,248,1,11,50,136,132,115,235,139,15,46,88,124,140,36,
0,4,43,79,224,139,16,0,0,60,15,192,0,0,0,0,101,253,152,0,5,109,252,17,98,0,
0,7,129,248,0,0,0,0,12,191,181,0,0,174,63,130,44,64,0,0,240,63,0,0,0,0,1,
151,246,224,0,21,215,240,69,136,0,0,0,8,0,0,0,0,0,50,254,228,0,2,188,254,8,
177,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,6,95,221,128,0,87,223,193,22,32,0,0,8,32,0,0,0,0,0,
203,251,208,0,11,3,248,34,196,0,0,1,4,0,0,0,0,0,25,127,126,0,1,97,127,4,88,
128,0,0,32,128,0,0,0,0,3,47,240,64,0,44,79,224,139,16,0,0,8,16,0,0,0,0,0,
101,254,24,0,5,141,252,1,96,216,247,238,199,135,162,162,33,90,121,197,221,
143,126,77,59,179,172,146,17,167,156,46,185,179,101,228,176,65,89,77,16,
124,123,246,240,195,203,40,162,64,0,193,255,138,5,144,158,89,112,228,171,
39,119,71,2,232,132,114,203,135,36,157,221,28,11,164,0,66,25,203,46,28,149,
100,238,232,197,180,200,162,233,0,1,134,114,203,135,37,89,59,186,49,109,10,
40,186,64,2,97,124,178,225,201,39,119,70,45,166,69,23,72,0,140,47,150,92,
57,36,238,232,197,180,40,162,233,0,25,134,114,203,135,37,89,59,186,51,101,
50,40,186,64,0,161,156,178,225,201,86,78,238,140,217,66,138,46,144,0,168,
95,44,184,114,73,221,209,155,41,145,69,210,0,37,11,229,151,14,73,59,186,51,
101,10,40,186,64,6,161,124,178,225,201,27,102,252,61,38,69,23,72,0,28,47,
150,92,57,35,108,223,135,164,40,162,233,0,11,134,114,203,135,36,77,253,113,
108,203,50,40,186,64,1,33,156,178,225,201,19,127,92,91,50,194,138,46,144,0,
200,87,44,184,114,85,147,187,164,200,162,237,0,5,133,114,203,135,37,89,59,
186,66,138,46,208,0,216,79,44,184,114,73,221,210,100,81,118,128,10,194,121,
101,195,146,78,238,144,162,139,180,0,118,21,223,150,158,153,106,201,221,
209,192,203,33,61,249,105,233,150,78,238,142,6,90,0,33,13,239,203,79,76,
181,100,238,232,197,180,200,163,45,0,1,134,247,229,167,166,90,178,119,116,
98,218,20,81,150,128,4,195,59,242,211,211,44,157,221,24,182,153,20,101,160,
2,48,206,252,180,244,203,39,119,70,45,161,69,25,104,0,204,55,191,45,61,50,
213,147,187,163,54,83,34,140,180,0,10,27,223,150,158,153,106,201,221,209,
155,40,81,70,90,0,21,12,239,203,79,76,178,119,116,102,202,100,81,150,128,9,
67,59,242,211,211,44,157,221,25,178,133,20,101,160,3,80,206,252,180,244,
203,27,102,252,61,38,69,25,104,0,28,51,191,45,61,50,198,217,191,15,72,81,
70,90,0,23,13,239,203,79,76,177,55,245,197,179,44,200,163,45,0,4,134,247,
229,167,166,88,155,250,226,217,150,20,81,150,128,6,66,251,242,211,211,45,
89,59,186,76,138,51,16,0,88,95,126,90,122,101,171,39,119,72,81,70,98,0,27,
10,239,203,79,76,178,119,116,153,20,102,32,2,176,174,252,180,244,203,39,
119,72,81,70,98,0,58,40,173,176,82,90,4,19,54,157,155,21,217,6,203,199,174,
29,156,197,9,7,199,191,111,12,60,178,138,20,0,6,9,143,127,15,42,208,130,
243,217,167,30,81,132,65,123,242,211,211,42,228,0,
};
#else
#error invalid endianness defines
#endif
#endif  /* DUK_USE_ROM_OBJECTS */
/*
 *  Error, fatal, and panic handling.
 */

/* include removed: duk_internal.h */

#define DUK__ERRFMT_BUFSIZE  256  /* size for formatting buffers */

#if defined(DUK_USE_VERBOSE_ERRORS)

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_err_handle_error_fmt(duk_hthread *thr, const char *filename, duk_uint_t line_and_code, const char *fmt, ...) {
	va_list ap;
	char msg[DUK__ERRFMT_BUFSIZE];
	va_start(ap, fmt);
	(void) DUK_VSNPRINTF(msg, sizeof(msg), fmt, ap);
	msg[sizeof(msg) - 1] = (char) 0;
	duk_err_create_and_throw(thr, (duk_errcode_t) (line_and_code >> 24), msg, filename, (duk_int_t) (line_and_code & 0x00ffffffL));
	va_end(ap);  /* dead code, but ensures portability (see Linux man page notes) */
}

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_err_handle_error(duk_hthread *thr, const char *filename, duk_uint_t line_and_code, const char *msg) {
	duk_err_create_and_throw(thr, (duk_errcode_t) (line_and_code >> 24), msg, filename, (duk_int_t) (line_and_code & 0x00ffffffL));
}

#else  /* DUK_USE_VERBOSE_ERRORS */

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_err_handle_error(duk_hthread *thr, duk_errcode_t code) {
	duk_err_create_and_throw(thr, code);
}

#endif  /* DUK_USE_VERBOSE_ERRORS */

/*
 *  Error throwing helpers
 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_VERBOSE_ERRORS)
#if defined(DUK_USE_PARANOID_ERRORS)
DUK_INTERNAL void duk_err_require_type_index(duk_hthread *thr, const char *filename, duk_int_t linenumber, duk_idx_t index, const char *expect_name) {
	DUK_ERROR_RAW_FMT3(thr, filename, linenumber, DUK_ERR_TYPE_ERROR, "%s required, found %s (stack index %ld)",
	                   expect_name, duk_get_type_name((duk_context *) thr, index), (long) index);
}
#else
DUK_INTERNAL void duk_err_require_type_index(duk_hthread *thr, const char *filename, duk_int_t linenumber, duk_idx_t index, const char *expect_name) {
	DUK_ERROR_RAW_FMT3(thr, filename, linenumber, DUK_ERR_TYPE_ERROR, "%s required, found %s (stack index %ld)",
	                   expect_name, duk_push_string_readable((duk_context *) thr, index), (long) index);
}
#endif
DUK_INTERNAL void duk_err_range(duk_hthread *thr, const char *filename, duk_int_t linenumber, const char *message) {
	DUK_ERROR_RAW(thr, filename, linenumber, DUK_ERR_RANGE_ERROR, message);
}
DUK_INTERNAL void duk_err_api_index(duk_hthread *thr, const char *filename, duk_int_t linenumber, duk_idx_t index) {
	DUK_ERROR_RAW_FMT1(thr, filename, linenumber, DUK_ERR_API_ERROR, "invalid stack index %ld", (long) (index));
}
DUK_INTERNAL void duk_err_api(duk_hthread *thr, const char *filename, duk_int_t linenumber, const char *message) {
	DUK_ERROR_RAW(thr, filename, linenumber, DUK_ERR_API_ERROR, message);
}
DUK_INTERNAL void duk_err_unimplemented_defmsg(duk_hthread *thr, const char *filename, duk_int_t linenumber) {
	DUK_ERROR_RAW(thr, filename, linenumber, DUK_ERR_UNIMPLEMENTED_ERROR, DUK_STR_UNIMPLEMENTED);
}
#if !defined(DUK_USE_BYTECODE_DUMP_SUPPORT)
DUK_INTERNAL void duk_err_unsupported_defmsg(duk_hthread *thr, const char *filename, duk_int_t linenumber) {
	DUK_ERROR_RAW(thr, filename, linenumber, DUK_ERR_UNSUPPORTED_ERROR, DUK_STR_UNSUPPORTED);
}
#endif
DUK_INTERNAL void duk_err_internal_defmsg(duk_hthread *thr, const char *filename, duk_int_t linenumber) {
	DUK_ERROR_RAW(thr, filename, linenumber, DUK_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR, DUK_STR_INTERNAL_ERROR);
}
DUK_INTERNAL void duk_err_internal(duk_hthread *thr, const char *filename, duk_int_t linenumber, const char *message) {
	DUK_ERROR_RAW(thr, filename, linenumber, DUK_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR, message);
}
DUK_INTERNAL void duk_err_alloc(duk_hthread *thr, const char *filename, duk_int_t linenumber, const char *message) {
	DUK_ERROR_RAW(thr, filename, linenumber, DUK_ERR_ALLOC_ERROR, message);
}
#else
/* The file/line arguments are NULL and 0, they're ignored by DUK_ERROR_RAW()
 * when non-verbose errors are used.
 */
DUK_INTERNAL void duk_err_type(duk_hthread *thr) {
	DUK_ERROR_RAW(thr, NULL, 0, DUK_ERR_TYPE_ERROR, NULL);
}
DUK_INTERNAL void duk_err_api(duk_hthread *thr) {
	DUK_ERROR_RAW(thr, NULL, 0, DUK_ERR_API_ERROR, NULL);
}
DUK_INTERNAL void duk_err_range(duk_hthread *thr) {
	DUK_ERROR_RAW(thr, NULL, 0, DUK_ERR_RANGE_ERROR, NULL);
}
DUK_INTERNAL void duk_err_syntax(duk_hthread *thr) {
	DUK_ERROR_RAW(thr, NULL, 0, DUK_ERR_SYNTAX_ERROR, NULL);
}
DUK_INTERNAL void duk_err_unimplemented(duk_hthread *thr) {
	DUK_ERROR_RAW(thr, NULL, 0, DUK_ERR_UNIMPLEMENTED_ERROR, NULL);
}
DUK_INTERNAL void duk_err_unsupported(duk_hthread *thr) {
	DUK_ERROR_RAW(thr, NULL, 0, DUK_ERR_UNSUPPORTED_ERROR, NULL);
}
DUK_INTERNAL void duk_err_internal(duk_hthread *thr) {
	DUK_ERROR_RAW(thr, NULL, 0, DUK_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR, NULL);
}
DUK_INTERNAL void duk_err_alloc(duk_hthread *thr) {
	DUK_ERROR_RAW(thr, NULL, thr, DUK_ERR_ALLOC_ERROR, NULL);
}
#endif

/*
 *  Default fatal error handler
 */

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_default_fatal_handler(duk_context *ctx, duk_errcode_t code, const char *msg) {
	DUK_UNREF(ctx);
#if defined(DUK_USE_FILE_IO)
	DUK_FPRINTF(DUK_STDERR, "FATAL %ld: %s\n", (long) code, (const char *) (msg ? msg : "null"));
	DUK_FFLUSH(DUK_STDERR);
#else
	/* omit print */
#endif
	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("default fatal handler called, code %ld -> calling DUK_PANIC()", (long) code));
	DUK_PANIC(code, msg);
	DUK_UNREACHABLE();
}

/*
 *  Default panic handler
 */

#if !defined(DUK_USE_PANIC_HANDLER)
DUK_INTERNAL void duk_default_panic_handler(duk_errcode_t code, const char *msg) {
#if defined(DUK_USE_FILE_IO)
	DUK_FPRINTF(DUK_STDERR, "PANIC %ld: %s ("
#if defined(DUK_USE_PANIC_ABORT)
	            "calling abort"
#elif defined(DUK_USE_PANIC_EXIT)
	            "calling exit"
#elif defined(DUK_USE_PANIC_SEGFAULT)
	            "segfaulting on purpose"
#else
#error no DUK_USE_PANIC_xxx macro defined
#endif
	            ")\n", (long) code, (const char *) (msg ? msg : "null"));
	DUK_FFLUSH(DUK_STDERR);
#else
	/* omit print */
	DUK_UNREF(code);
	DUK_UNREF(msg);
#endif

#if defined(DUK_USE_PANIC_ABORT)
	DUK_ABORT();
#elif defined(DUK_USE_PANIC_EXIT)
	DUK_EXIT(-1);
#elif defined(DUK_USE_PANIC_SEGFAULT)
	/* exit() afterwards to satisfy "noreturn" */
	DUK_CAUSE_SEGFAULT();  /* SCANBUILD: "Dereference of null pointer", normal */
	DUK_EXIT(-1);
#else
#error no DUK_USE_PANIC_xxx macro defined
#endif

	DUK_UNREACHABLE();
}
#endif  /* !DUK_USE_PANIC_HANDLER */

#undef DUK__ERRFMT_BUFSIZE
/*
 *  Various Unicode help functions for character classification predicates,
 *  case conversion, decoding, etc.
 */

/* include removed: duk_internal.h */

/*
 *  Fast path tables
 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_IDCHAR_FASTPATH)
DUK_INTERNAL const duk_int8_t duk_is_idchar_tab[128] = {
	/* 0: not IdentifierStart or IdentifierPart
	 * 1: IdentifierStart and IdentifierPart
	 * -1: IdentifierPart only
	 */
	0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,   /* 0x00...0x0f */
	0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,   /* 0x10...0x1f */
	0,  0,  0,  0,  1,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,   /* 0x20...0x2f */
	-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,   /* 0x30...0x3f */
	0,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,   /* 0x40...0x4f */
	1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  0,  0,  0,  0,  1,   /* 0x50...0x5f */
	0,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,   /* 0x60...0x6f */
	1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0    /* 0x70...0x7f */
};
#endif

/*
 *  XUTF-8 and CESU-8 encoding/decoding
 */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_small_int_t duk_unicode_get_xutf8_length(duk_ucodepoint_t cp) {
	duk_uint_fast32_t x = (duk_uint_fast32_t) cp;
	if (x < 0x80UL) {
		/* 7 bits */
		return 1;
	} else if (x < 0x800UL) {
		/* 11 bits */
		return 2;
	} else if (x < 0x10000UL) {
		/* 16 bits */
		return 3;
	} else if (x < 0x200000UL) {
		/* 21 bits */
		return 4;
	} else if (x < 0x4000000UL) {
		/* 26 bits */
		return 5;
	} else if (x < (duk_ucodepoint_t) 0x80000000UL) {
		/* 31 bits */
		return 6;
	} else {
		/* 36 bits */
		return 7;
	}
}

#if defined(DUK_USE_ASSERTIONS)
DUK_INTERNAL duk_small_int_t duk_unicode_get_cesu8_length(duk_ucodepoint_t cp) {
	duk_uint_fast32_t x = (duk_uint_fast32_t) cp;
	if (x < 0x80UL) {
		/* 7 bits */
		return 1;
	} else if (x < 0x800UL) {
		/* 11 bits */
		return 2;
	} else if (x < 0x10000UL) {
		/* 16 bits */
		return 3;
	} else {
		/* Encoded as surrogate pair, each encoding to 3 bytes for
		 * 6 bytes total.  Codepoints above U+10FFFF encode as 6 bytes
		 * too, see duk_unicode_encode_cesu8().
		  */
		return 3 + 3;
	}
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_ASSERTIONS */

DUK_INTERNAL const duk_uint8_t duk_unicode_xutf8_markers[7] = {
	0x00, 0xc0, 0xe0, 0xf0, 0xf8, 0xfc, 0xfe
};

/* Encode to extended UTF-8; 'out' must have space for at least
 * DUK_UNICODE_MAX_XUTF8_LENGTH bytes.  Allows encoding of any
 * 32-bit (unsigned) codepoint.
 */
DUK_INTERNAL duk_small_int_t duk_unicode_encode_xutf8(duk_ucodepoint_t cp, duk_uint8_t *out) {
	duk_uint_fast32_t x = (duk_uint_fast32_t) cp;
	duk_small_int_t len;
	duk_uint8_t marker;
	duk_small_int_t i;

	len = duk_unicode_get_xutf8_length(cp);
	DUK_ASSERT(len > 0);

	marker = duk_unicode_xutf8_markers[len - 1];  /* 64-bit OK because always >= 0 */

	i = len;
	DUK_ASSERT(i > 0);
	do {
		i--;
		if (i > 0) {
			out[i] = (duk_uint8_t) (0x80 + (x & 0x3f));
			x >>= 6;
		} else {
			/* Note: masking of 'x' is not necessary because of
			 * range check and shifting -> no bits overlapping
			 * the marker should be set.
			 */
			out[0] = (duk_uint8_t) (marker + x);
		}
	} while (i > 0);

	return len;
}

/* Encode to CESU-8; 'out' must have space for at least
 * DUK_UNICODE_MAX_CESU8_LENGTH bytes; codepoints above U+10FFFF
 * will encode to garbage but won't overwrite the output buffer.
 */
DUK_INTERNAL duk_small_int_t duk_unicode_encode_cesu8(duk_ucodepoint_t cp, duk_uint8_t *out) {
	duk_uint_fast32_t x = (duk_uint_fast32_t) cp;
	duk_small_int_t len;

	if (x < 0x80UL) {
		out[0] = (duk_uint8_t) x;
		len = 1;
	} else if (x < 0x800UL) {
		out[0] = (duk_uint8_t) (0xc0 + ((x >> 6) & 0x1f));
		out[1] = (duk_uint8_t) (0x80 + (x & 0x3f));
		len = 2;
	} else if (x < 0x10000UL) {
		/* surrogate pairs get encoded here */
		out[0] = (duk_uint8_t) (0xe0 + ((x >> 12) & 0x0f));
		out[1] = (duk_uint8_t) (0x80 + ((x >> 6) & 0x3f));
		out[2] = (duk_uint8_t) (0x80 + (x & 0x3f));
		len = 3;
	} else {
		/*
		 *  Unicode codepoints above U+FFFF are encoded as surrogate
		 *  pairs here.  This ensures that all CESU-8 codepoints are
		 *  16-bit values as expected in Ecmascript.  The surrogate
		 *  pairs always get a 3-byte encoding (each) in CESU-8.
		 *  See: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surrogate_pair
		 *
		 *  20-bit codepoint, 10 bits (A and B) per surrogate pair:
		 *
		 *    x = 0b00000000 0000AAAA AAAAAABB BBBBBBBB
		 *  sp1 = 0b110110AA AAAAAAAA  (0xd800 + ((x >> 10) & 0x3ff))
		 *  sp2 = 0b110111BB BBBBBBBB  (0xdc00 + (x & 0x3ff))
		 *
		 *  Encoded into CESU-8:
		 *
		 *  sp1 -> 0b11101101  (0xe0 + ((sp1 >> 12) & 0x0f))
		 *      -> 0b1010AAAA  (0x80 + ((sp1 >> 6) & 0x3f))
		 *      -> 0b10AAAAAA  (0x80 + (sp1 & 0x3f))
		 *  sp2 -> 0b11101101  (0xe0 + ((sp2 >> 12) & 0x0f))
		 *      -> 0b1011BBBB  (0x80 + ((sp2 >> 6) & 0x3f))
		 *      -> 0b10BBBBBB  (0x80 + (sp2 & 0x3f))
		 *
		 *  Note that 0x10000 must be subtracted first.  The code below
		 *  avoids the sp1, sp2 temporaries which saves around 20 bytes
		 *  of code.
		 */

		x -= 0x10000UL;

		out[0] = (duk_uint8_t) (0xed);
		out[1] = (duk_uint8_t) (0xa0 + ((x >> 16) & 0x0f));
		out[2] = (duk_uint8_t) (0x80 + ((x >> 10) & 0x3f));
		out[3] = (duk_uint8_t) (0xed);
		out[4] = (duk_uint8_t) (0xb0 + ((x >> 6) & 0x0f));
		out[5] = (duk_uint8_t) (0x80 + (x & 0x3f));
		len = 6;
	}

	return len;
}

/* Decode helper.  Return zero on error. */
DUK_INTERNAL duk_small_int_t duk_unicode_decode_xutf8(duk_hthread *thr, const duk_uint8_t **ptr, const duk_uint8_t *ptr_start, const duk_uint8_t *ptr_end, duk_ucodepoint_t *out_cp) {
	const duk_uint8_t *p;
	duk_uint32_t res;
	duk_uint_fast8_t ch;
	duk_small_int_t n;

	DUK_UNREF(thr);

	p = *ptr;
	if (p < ptr_start || p >= ptr_end) {
		goto fail;
	}

	/*
	 *  UTF-8 decoder which accepts longer than standard byte sequences.
	 *  This allows full 32-bit code points to be used.
	 */

	ch = (duk_uint_fast8_t) (*p++);
	if (ch < 0x80) {
		/* 0xxx xxxx   [7 bits] */
		res = (duk_uint32_t) (ch & 0x7f);
		n = 0;
	} else if (ch < 0xc0) {
		/* 10xx xxxx -> invalid */
		goto fail;
	} else if (ch < 0xe0) {
		/* 110x xxxx   10xx xxxx   [11 bits] */
		res = (duk_uint32_t) (ch & 0x1f);
		n = 1;
	} else if (ch < 0xf0) {
		/* 1110 xxxx   10xx xxxx   10xx xxxx   [16 bits] */
		res = (duk_uint32_t) (ch & 0x0f);
		n = 2;
	} else if (ch < 0xf8) {
		/* 1111 0xxx   10xx xxxx   10xx xxxx   10xx xxxx   [21 bits] */
		res = (duk_uint32_t) (ch & 0x07);
		n = 3;
	} else if (ch < 0xfc) {
		/* 1111 10xx   10xx xxxx   10xx xxxx   10xx xxxx   10xx xxxx   [26 bits] */
		res = (duk_uint32_t) (ch & 0x03);
		n = 4;
	} else if (ch < 0xfe) {
		/* 1111 110x   10xx xxxx   10xx xxxx   10xx xxxx   10xx xxxx   10xx xxxx   [31 bits] */
		res = (duk_uint32_t) (ch & 0x01);
		n = 5;
	} else if (ch < 0xff) {
		/* 1111 1110   10xx xxxx   10xx xxxx   10xx xxxx   10xx xxxx   10xx xxxx   10xx xxxx   [36 bits] */
		res = (duk_uint32_t) (0);
		n = 6;
	} else {
		/* 8-byte format could be:
		 * 1111 1111   10xx xxxx   10xx xxxx   10xx xxxx   10xx xxxx   10xx xxxx   10xx xxxx   10xx xxxx   [41 bits]
		 *
		 * However, this format would not have a zero bit following the
		 * leading one bits and would not allow 0xFF to be used as an
		 * "invalid xutf-8" marker for internal keys.  Further, 8-byte
		 * encodings (up to 41 bit code points) are not currently needed.
		 */
		goto fail;
	}

	DUK_ASSERT(p >= ptr_start);  /* verified at beginning */
	if (p + n > ptr_end) {
		/* check pointer at end */
		goto fail;
	}

	while (n > 0) {
		DUK_ASSERT(p >= ptr_start && p < ptr_end);
		res = res << 6;
		res += (duk_uint32_t) ((*p++) & 0x3f);
		n--;
	}

	*ptr = p;
	*out_cp = res;
	return 1;

 fail:
	return 0;
}

/* used by e.g. duk_regexp_executor.c, string built-ins */
DUK_INTERNAL duk_ucodepoint_t duk_unicode_decode_xutf8_checked(duk_hthread *thr, const duk_uint8_t **ptr, const duk_uint8_t *ptr_start, const duk_uint8_t *ptr_end) {
	duk_ucodepoint_t cp;

	if (duk_unicode_decode_xutf8(thr, ptr, ptr_start, ptr_end, &cp)) {
		return cp;
	}
	DUK_ERROR_INTERNAL(thr, "utf-8 decode failed");  /* XXX: 'internal error' is a bit of a misnomer */
	DUK_UNREACHABLE();
	return 0;
}

/* Compute (extended) utf-8 length without codepoint encoding validation,
 * used for string interning.
 *
 * NOTE: This algorithm is performance critical, more so than string hashing
 * in some cases.  It is needed when interning a string and needs to scan
 * every byte of the string with no skipping.  Having an ASCII fast path
 * is useful if possible in the algorithm.  The current algorithms were
 * chosen from several variants, based on x64 gcc -O2 testing.  See:
 * https://github.com/svaarala/duktape/pull/422
 *
 * NOTE: must match src/dukutil.py:duk_unicode_unvalidated_utf8_length().
 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_PREFER_SIZE)
/* Small variant; roughly 150 bytes smaller than the fast variant. */
DUK_INTERNAL duk_size_t duk_unicode_unvalidated_utf8_length(const duk_uint8_t *data, duk_size_t blen) {
	const duk_uint8_t *p;
	const duk_uint8_t *p_end;
	duk_size_t ncont;
	duk_size_t clen;

	p = data;
	p_end = data + blen;
	ncont = 0;
	while (p != p_end) {
		duk_uint8_t x;
		x = *p++;
		if (DUK_UNLIKELY(x >= 0x80 && x <= 0xbf)) {
			ncont++;
		}
	}

	DUK_ASSERT(ncont <= blen);
	clen = blen - ncont;
	DUK_ASSERT(clen <= blen);
	return clen;
}
#else  /* DUK_USE_PREFER_SIZE */
/* This seems like a good overall approach.  Fast path for ASCII in 4 byte
 * blocks.
 */
DUK_INTERNAL duk_size_t duk_unicode_unvalidated_utf8_length(const duk_uint8_t *data, duk_size_t blen) {
	const duk_uint8_t *p;
	const duk_uint8_t *p_end;
	const duk_uint32_t *p32_end;
	const duk_uint32_t *p32;
	duk_size_t ncont;
	duk_size_t clen;

	ncont = 0;  /* number of continuation (non-initial) bytes in [0x80,0xbf] */
	p = data;
	p_end = data + blen;
	if (blen < 16) {
		goto skip_fastpath;
	}

	/* Align 'p' to 4; the input data may have arbitrary alignment.
	 * End of string check not needed because blen >= 16.
	 */
	while (((duk_size_t) (const void *) p) & 0x03U) {
		duk_uint8_t x;
		x = *p++;
		if (DUK_UNLIKELY(x >= 0x80 && x <= 0xbf)) {
			ncont++;
		}
	}

	/* Full, aligned 4-byte reads. */
	p32_end = (const duk_uint32_t *) (const void *) (p + ((duk_size_t) (p_end - p) & (duk_size_t) (~0x03)));
	p32 = (const duk_uint32_t *) (const void *) p;
	while (p32 != (const duk_uint32_t *) p32_end) {
		duk_uint32_t x;
		x = *p32++;
		if (DUK_LIKELY((x & 0x80808080UL) == 0)) {
			;  /* ASCII fast path */
		} else {
			/* Flip highest bit of each byte which changes
			 * the bit pattern 10xxxxxx into 00xxxxxx which
			 * allows an easy bit mask test.
			 */
			x ^= 0x80808080UL;
			if (DUK_UNLIKELY(!(x & 0xc0000000UL))) {
				ncont++;
			}
			if (DUK_UNLIKELY(!(x & 0x00c00000UL))) {
				ncont++;
			}
			if (DUK_UNLIKELY(!(x & 0x0000c000UL))) {
				ncont++;
			}
			if (DUK_UNLIKELY(!(x & 0x000000c0UL))) {
				ncont++;
			}
		}
	}
	p = (const duk_uint8_t *) p32;
	/* Fall through to handle the rest. */

 skip_fastpath:
	while (p != p_end) {
		duk_uint8_t x;
		x = *p++;
		if (DUK_UNLIKELY(x >= 0x80 && x <= 0xbf)) {
			ncont++;
		}
	}

	DUK_ASSERT(ncont <= blen);
	clen = blen - ncont;
	DUK_ASSERT(clen <= blen);
	return clen;
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_PREFER_SIZE */

/*
 *  Unicode range matcher
 *
 *  Matches a codepoint against a packed bitstream of character ranges.
 *  Used for slow path Unicode matching.
 */

/* Must match src/extract_chars.py, generate_match_table3(). */
DUK_LOCAL duk_uint32_t duk__uni_decode_value(duk_bitdecoder_ctx *bd_ctx) {
	duk_uint32_t t;

	t = (duk_uint32_t) duk_bd_decode(bd_ctx, 4);
	if (t <= 0x0eU) {
		return t;
	}
	t = (duk_uint32_t) duk_bd_decode(bd_ctx, 8);
	if (t <= 0xfdU) {
		return t + 0x0f;
	}
	if (t == 0xfeU) {
		t = (duk_uint32_t) duk_bd_decode(bd_ctx, 12);
		return t + 0x0fU + 0xfeU;
	} else {
		t = (duk_uint32_t) duk_bd_decode(bd_ctx, 24);
		return t + 0x0fU + 0xfeU + 0x1000UL;
	}
}

DUK_LOCAL duk_small_int_t duk__uni_range_match(const duk_uint8_t *unitab, duk_size_t unilen, duk_codepoint_t cp) {
	duk_bitdecoder_ctx bd_ctx;
	duk_codepoint_t prev_re;

	DUK_MEMZERO(&bd_ctx, sizeof(bd_ctx));
	bd_ctx.data = (const duk_uint8_t *) unitab;
	bd_ctx.length = (duk_size_t) unilen;

	prev_re = 0;
	for (;;) {
		duk_codepoint_t r1, r2;
		r1 = (duk_codepoint_t) duk__uni_decode_value(&bd_ctx);
		if (r1 == 0) {
			break;
		}
		r2 = (duk_codepoint_t) duk__uni_decode_value(&bd_ctx);

		r1 = prev_re + r1;
		r2 = r1 + r2;
		prev_re = r2;

		/* [r1,r2] is the range */

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("duk__uni_range_match: cp=%06lx range=[0x%06lx,0x%06lx]",
		                     (unsigned long) cp, (unsigned long) r1, (unsigned long) r2));
		if (cp >= r1 && cp <= r2) {
			return 1;
		}
	}

	return 0;
}

/*
 *  "WhiteSpace" production check.
 */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_small_int_t duk_unicode_is_whitespace(duk_codepoint_t cp) {
	/*
	 *  E5 Section 7.2 specifies six characters specifically as
	 *  white space:
	 *
	 *    0009;<control>;Cc;0;S;;;;;N;CHARACTER TABULATION;;;;
	 *    000B;<control>;Cc;0;S;;;;;N;LINE TABULATION;;;;
	 *    000C;<control>;Cc;0;WS;;;;;N;FORM FEED (FF);;;;
	 *    0020;SPACE;Zs;0;WS;;;;;N;;;;;
	 *    00A0;NO-BREAK SPACE;Zs;0;CS;<noBreak> 0020;;;;N;NON-BREAKING SPACE;;;;
	 *    FEFF;ZERO WIDTH NO-BREAK SPACE;Cf;0;BN;;;;;N;BYTE ORDER MARK;;;;
	 *
	 *  It also specifies any Unicode category 'Zs' characters as white
	 *  space.  These can be extracted with the "src/extract_chars.py" script.
	 *  Current result:
	 *
	 *    RAW OUTPUT:
	 *    ===========
	 *    0020;SPACE;Zs;0;WS;;;;;N;;;;;
	 *    00A0;NO-BREAK SPACE;Zs;0;CS;<noBreak> 0020;;;;N;NON-BREAKING SPACE;;;;
	 *    1680;OGHAM SPACE MARK;Zs;0;WS;;;;;N;;;;;
	 *    180E;MONGOLIAN VOWEL SEPARATOR;Zs;0;WS;;;;;N;;;;;
	 *    2000;EN QUAD;Zs;0;WS;2002;;;;N;;;;;
	 *    2001;EM QUAD;Zs;0;WS;2003;;;;N;;;;;
	 *    2002;EN SPACE;Zs;0;WS;<compat> 0020;;;;N;;;;;
	 *    2003;EM SPACE;Zs;0;WS;<compat> 0020;;;;N;;;;;
	 *    2004;THREE-PER-EM SPACE;Zs;0;WS;<compat> 0020;;;;N;;;;;
	 *    2005;FOUR-PER-EM SPACE;Zs;0;WS;<compat> 0020;;;;N;;;;;
	 *    2006;SIX-PER-EM SPACE;Zs;0;WS;<compat> 0020;;;;N;;;;;
	 *    2007;FIGURE SPACE;Zs;0;WS;<noBreak> 0020;;;;N;;;;;
	 *    2008;PUNCTUATION SPACE;Zs;0;WS;<compat> 0020;;;;N;;;;;
	 *    2009;THIN SPACE;Zs;0;WS;<compat> 0020;;;;N;;;;;
	 *    200A;HAIR SPACE;Zs;0;WS;<compat> 0020;;;;N;;;;;
	 *    202F;NARROW NO-BREAK SPACE;Zs;0;CS;<noBreak> 0020;;;;N;;;;;
	 *    205F;MEDIUM MATHEMATICAL SPACE;Zs;0;WS;<compat> 0020;;;;N;;;;;
	 *    3000;IDEOGRAPHIC SPACE;Zs;0;WS;<wide> 0020;;;;N;;;;;
	 *
	 *    RANGES:
	 *    =======
	 *    0x0020
	 *    0x00a0
	 *    0x1680
	 *    0x180e
	 *    0x2000 ... 0x200a
	 *    0x202f
	 *    0x205f
	 *    0x3000
	 *
	 *  A manual decoder (below) is probably most compact for this.
	 */

	duk_uint_fast8_t lo;
	duk_uint_fast32_t hi;

	/* cp == -1 (EOF) never matches and causes return value 0 */

	lo = (duk_uint_fast8_t) (cp & 0xff);
	hi = (duk_uint_fast32_t) (cp >> 8);  /* does not fit into an uchar */

	if (hi == 0x0000UL) {
		if (lo == 0x09U || lo == 0x0bU || lo == 0x0cU ||
		    lo == 0x20U || lo == 0xa0U) {
			return 1;
		}
	} else if (hi == 0x0020UL) {
		if (lo <= 0x0aU || lo == 0x2fU || lo == 0x5fU) {
			return 1;
		}
	} else if (cp == 0x1680L || cp == 0x180eL || cp == 0x3000L ||
	           cp == 0xfeffL) {
		return 1;
	}

	return 0;
}

/*
 *  "LineTerminator" production check.
 */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_small_int_t duk_unicode_is_line_terminator(duk_codepoint_t cp) {
	/*
	 *  E5 Section 7.3
	 *
	 *  A LineTerminatorSequence essentially merges <CR> <LF> sequences
	 *  into a single line terminator.  This must be handled by the caller.
	 */

	if (cp == 0x000aL || cp == 0x000dL || cp == 0x2028L ||
	    cp == 0x2029L) {
		return 1;
	}

	return 0;
}

/*
 *  "IdentifierStart" production check.
 */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_small_int_t duk_unicode_is_identifier_start(duk_codepoint_t cp) {
	/*
	 *  E5 Section 7.6:
	 *
	 *    IdentifierStart:
	 *      UnicodeLetter
	 *      $
	 *      _
	 *      \ UnicodeEscapeSequence
	 *
	 *  IdentifierStart production has one multi-character production:
	 *
	 *    \ UnicodeEscapeSequence
	 *
	 *  The '\' character is -not- matched by this function.  Rather, the caller
	 *  should decode the escape and then call this function to check whether the
	 *  decoded character is acceptable (see discussion in E5 Section 7.6).
	 *
	 *  The "UnicodeLetter" alternative of the production allows letters
	 *  from various Unicode categories.  These can be extracted with the
	 *  "src/extract_chars.py" script.
	 *
	 *  Because the result has hundreds of Unicode codepoint ranges, matching
	 *  for any values >= 0x80 are done using a very slow range-by-range scan
	 *  and a packed range format.
	 *
	 *  The ASCII portion (codepoints 0x00 ... 0x7f) is fast-pathed below because
	 *  it matters the most.  The ASCII related ranges of IdentifierStart are:
	 *
	 *    0x0041 ... 0x005a     ['A' ... 'Z']
	 *    0x0061 ... 0x007a     ['a' ... 'z']
	 *    0x0024                ['$']
	 *    0x005f                ['_']
	 */

	/* ASCII (and EOF) fast path -- quick accept and reject */
	if (cp <= 0x7fL) {
#if defined(DUK_USE_IDCHAR_FASTPATH)
		return (cp >= 0) && (duk_is_idchar_tab[cp] > 0);
#else
		if ((cp >= 'a' && cp <= 'z') ||
		    (cp >= 'A' && cp <= 'Z') ||
		    cp == '_' || cp == '$') {
			return 1;
		}
		return 0;
#endif
	}

	/* Non-ASCII slow path (range-by-range linear comparison), very slow */

#ifdef DUK_USE_SOURCE_NONBMP
	if (duk__uni_range_match(duk_unicode_ids_noa,
	                         (duk_size_t) sizeof(duk_unicode_ids_noa),
	                         (duk_codepoint_t) cp)) {
		return 1;
	}
	return 0;
#else
	if (cp < 0x10000L) {
		if (duk__uni_range_match(duk_unicode_ids_noabmp,
		                         sizeof(duk_unicode_ids_noabmp),
		                         (duk_codepoint_t) cp)) {
			return 1;
		}
		return 0;
	} else {
		/* without explicit non-BMP support, assume non-BMP characters
		 * are always accepted as identifier characters.
		 */
		return 1;
	}
#endif
}

/*
 *  "IdentifierPart" production check.
 */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_small_int_t duk_unicode_is_identifier_part(duk_codepoint_t cp) {
	/*
	 *  E5 Section 7.6:
	 *
	 *    IdentifierPart:
	 *      IdentifierStart
	 *      UnicodeCombiningMark
	 *      UnicodeDigit
	 *      UnicodeConnectorPunctuation
	 *      <ZWNJ>  [U+200C]
	 *      <ZWJ>   [U+200D]
	 *
	 *  IdentifierPart production has one multi-character production
	 *  as part of its IdentifierStart alternative.  The '\' character
	 *  of an escape sequence is not matched here, see discussion in
	 *  duk_unicode_is_identifier_start().
	 *
	 *  To match non-ASCII characters (codepoints >= 0x80), a very slow
	 *  linear range-by-range scan is used.  The codepoint is first compared
	 *  to the IdentifierStart ranges, and if it doesn't match, then to a
	 *  set consisting of code points in IdentifierPart but not in
	 *  IdentifierStart.  This is done to keep the unicode range data small,
	 *  at the expense of speed.
	 *
	 *  The ASCII fast path consists of:
	 *
	 *    0x0030 ... 0x0039     ['0' ... '9', UnicodeDigit]
	 *    0x0041 ... 0x005a     ['A' ... 'Z', IdentifierStart]
	 *    0x0061 ... 0x007a     ['a' ... 'z', IdentifierStart]
	 *    0x0024                ['$', IdentifierStart]
	 *    0x005f                ['_', IdentifierStart and
	 *                                UnicodeConnectorPunctuation]
	 *
	 *  UnicodeCombiningMark has no code points <= 0x7f.
	 *
	 *  The matching code reuses the "identifier start" tables, and then
	 *  consults a separate range set for characters in "identifier part"
	 *  but not in "identifier start".  These can be extracted with the
	 *  "src/extract_chars.py" script.
	 *
	 *  UnicodeCombiningMark -> categories Mn, Mc
	 *  UnicodeDigit -> categories Nd
	 *  UnicodeConnectorPunctuation -> categories Pc
	 */

	/* ASCII (and EOF) fast path -- quick accept and reject */
	if (cp <= 0x7fL) {
#if defined(DUK_USE_IDCHAR_FASTPATH)
		return (cp >= 0) && (duk_is_idchar_tab[cp] != 0);
#else
		if ((cp >= 'a' && cp <= 'z') ||
		    (cp >= 'A' && cp <= 'Z') ||
		    (cp >= '0' && cp <= '9') ||
		    cp == '_' || cp == '$') {
			return 1;
		}
		return 0;
#endif
	}

	/* Non-ASCII slow path (range-by-range linear comparison), very slow */

#ifdef DUK_USE_SOURCE_NONBMP
	if (duk__uni_range_match(duk_unicode_ids_noa,
	                         sizeof(duk_unicode_ids_noa),
	                         (duk_codepoint_t) cp) ||
	    duk__uni_range_match(duk_unicode_idp_m_ids_noa,
	                         sizeof(duk_unicode_idp_m_ids_noa),
	                         (duk_codepoint_t) cp)) {
		return 1;
	}
	return 0;
#else
	if (cp < 0x10000L) {
		if (duk__uni_range_match(duk_unicode_ids_noabmp,
		                         sizeof(duk_unicode_ids_noabmp),
		                         (duk_codepoint_t) cp) ||
		    duk__uni_range_match(duk_unicode_idp_m_ids_noabmp,
		                         sizeof(duk_unicode_idp_m_ids_noabmp),
		                         (duk_codepoint_t) cp)) {
			return 1;
		}
		return 0;
	} else {
		/* without explicit non-BMP support, assume non-BMP characters
		 * are always accepted as identifier characters.
		 */
		return 1;
	}
#endif
}

/*
 *  Unicode letter check.
 */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_small_int_t duk_unicode_is_letter(duk_codepoint_t cp) {
	/*
	 *  Unicode letter is now taken to be the categories:
	 *
	 *    Lu, Ll, Lt, Lm, Lo
	 *
	 *  (Not sure if this is exactly correct.)
	 *
	 *  The ASCII fast path consists of:
	 *
	 *    0x0041 ... 0x005a     ['A' ... 'Z']
	 *    0x0061 ... 0x007a     ['a' ... 'z']
	 */

	/* ASCII (and EOF) fast path -- quick accept and reject */
	if (cp <= 0x7fL) {
		if ((cp >= 'a' && cp <= 'z') ||
		    (cp >= 'A' && cp <= 'Z')) {
			return 1;
		}
		return 0;
	}

	/* Non-ASCII slow path (range-by-range linear comparison), very slow */

#ifdef DUK_USE_SOURCE_NONBMP
	if (duk__uni_range_match(duk_unicode_ids_noa,
	                         sizeof(duk_unicode_ids_noa),
	                         (duk_codepoint_t) cp) &&
	    !duk__uni_range_match(duk_unicode_ids_m_let_noa,
	                          sizeof(duk_unicode_ids_m_let_noa),
	                          (duk_codepoint_t) cp)) {
		return 1;
	}
	return 0;
#else
	if (cp < 0x10000L) {
		if (duk__uni_range_match(duk_unicode_ids_noabmp,
		                         sizeof(duk_unicode_ids_noabmp),
		                         (duk_codepoint_t) cp) &&
		    !duk__uni_range_match(duk_unicode_ids_m_let_noabmp,
		                          sizeof(duk_unicode_ids_m_let_noabmp),
		                          (duk_codepoint_t) cp)) {
			return 1;
		}
		return 0;
	} else {
		/* without explicit non-BMP support, assume non-BMP characters
		 * are always accepted as letters.
		 */
		return 1;
	}
#endif
}

/*
 *  Complex case conversion helper which decodes a bit-packed conversion
 *  control stream generated by unicode/extract_caseconv.py.  The conversion
 *  is very slow because it runs through the conversion data in a linear
 *  fashion to save space (which is why ASCII characters have a special
 *  fast path before arriving here).
 *
 *  The particular bit counts etc have been determined experimentally to
 *  be small but still sufficient, and must match the Python script
 *  (src/extract_caseconv.py).
 *
 *  The return value is the case converted codepoint or -1 if the conversion
 *  results in multiple characters (this is useful for regexp Canonicalization
 *  operation).  If 'buf' is not NULL, the result codepoint(s) are also
 *  appended to the hbuffer.
 *
 *  Context and locale specific rules must be checked before consulting
 *  this function.
 */

DUK_LOCAL
duk_codepoint_t duk__slow_case_conversion(duk_hthread *thr,
                                          duk_bufwriter_ctx *bw,
                                          duk_codepoint_t cp,
                                          duk_bitdecoder_ctx *bd_ctx) {
	duk_small_int_t skip = 0;
	duk_small_int_t n;
	duk_small_int_t t;
	duk_small_int_t count;
	duk_codepoint_t tmp_cp;
	duk_codepoint_t start_i;
	duk_codepoint_t start_o;

	DUK_UNREF(thr);
	DUK_ASSERT(bd_ctx != NULL);

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("slow case conversion for codepoint: %ld", (long) cp));

	/* range conversion with a "skip" */
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("checking ranges"));
	for (;;) {
		skip++;
		n = (duk_small_int_t) duk_bd_decode(bd_ctx, 6);
		if (n == 0x3f) {
			/* end marker */
			break;
		}
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("skip=%ld, n=%ld", (long) skip, (long) n));

		while (n--) {
			start_i = (duk_codepoint_t) duk_bd_decode(bd_ctx, 16);
			start_o = (duk_codepoint_t) duk_bd_decode(bd_ctx, 16);
			count = (duk_small_int_t) duk_bd_decode(bd_ctx, 7);
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("range: start_i=%ld, start_o=%ld, count=%ld, skip=%ld",
			                     (long) start_i, (long) start_o, (long) count, (long) skip));

			if (cp >= start_i) {
				tmp_cp = cp - start_i;  /* always >= 0 */
				if (tmp_cp < (duk_codepoint_t) count * (duk_codepoint_t) skip &&
				    (tmp_cp % (duk_codepoint_t) skip) == 0) {
					DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("range matches input codepoint"));
					cp = start_o + tmp_cp;
					goto single;
				}
			}
		}
	}

	/* 1:1 conversion */
	n = (duk_small_int_t) duk_bd_decode(bd_ctx, 6);
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("checking 1:1 conversions (count %ld)", (long) n));
	while (n--) {
		start_i = (duk_codepoint_t) duk_bd_decode(bd_ctx, 16);
		start_o = (duk_codepoint_t) duk_bd_decode(bd_ctx, 16);
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("1:1 conversion %ld -> %ld", (long) start_i, (long) start_o));
		if (cp == start_i) {
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("1:1 matches input codepoint"));
			cp = start_o;
			goto single;
		}
	}

	/* complex, multicharacter conversion */
	n = (duk_small_int_t) duk_bd_decode(bd_ctx, 7);
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("checking 1:n conversions (count %ld)", (long) n));
	while (n--) {
		start_i = (duk_codepoint_t) duk_bd_decode(bd_ctx, 16);
		t = (duk_small_int_t) duk_bd_decode(bd_ctx, 2);
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("1:n conversion %ld -> %ld chars", (long) start_i, (long) t));
		if (cp == start_i) {
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("1:n matches input codepoint"));
			if (bw != NULL) {
				while (t--) {
					tmp_cp = (duk_codepoint_t) duk_bd_decode(bd_ctx, 16);
					DUK_BW_WRITE_RAW_XUTF8(thr, bw, (duk_ucodepoint_t) tmp_cp);
				}
			}
			return -1;
		} else {
			while (t--) {
				(void) duk_bd_decode(bd_ctx, 16);
			}
		}
	}

	/* default: no change */
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("no rule matches, output is same as input"));
	/* fall through */

 single:
	if (bw != NULL) {
		DUK_BW_WRITE_RAW_XUTF8(thr, bw, (duk_ucodepoint_t) cp);
	}
	return cp;
}

/*
 *  Case conversion helper, with context/local sensitivity.
 *  For proper case conversion, one needs to know the character
 *  and the preceding and following characters, as well as
 *  locale/language.
 */

/* XXX: add 'language' argument when locale/language sensitive rule
 * support added.
 */
DUK_LOCAL
duk_codepoint_t duk__case_transform_helper(duk_hthread *thr,
                                           duk_bufwriter_ctx *bw,
                                           duk_codepoint_t cp,
                                           duk_codepoint_t prev,
                                           duk_codepoint_t next,
                                           duk_bool_t uppercase) {
	duk_bitdecoder_ctx bd_ctx;

	/* fast path for ASCII */
	if (cp < 0x80L) {
		/* XXX: there are language sensitive rules for the ASCII range.
		 * If/when language/locale support is implemented, they need to
		 * be implemented here for the fast path.  There are no context
		 * sensitive rules for ASCII range.
		 */

		if (uppercase) {
			if (cp >= 'a' && cp <= 'z') {
				cp = cp - 'a' + 'A';
			}
		} else {
			if (cp >= 'A' && cp <= 'Z') {
				cp = cp - 'A' + 'a';
			}
		}

		if (bw != NULL) {
			DUK_BW_WRITE_RAW_U8(thr, bw, (duk_uint8_t) cp);
		}
		return cp;
	}

	/* context and locale specific rules which cannot currently be represented
	 * in the caseconv bitstream: hardcoded rules in C
	 */
	if (uppercase) {
		/* XXX: turkish / azeri */
	} else {
		/*
		 *  Final sigma context specific rule.  This is a rather tricky
		 *  rule and this handling is probably not 100% correct now.
		 *  The rule is not locale/language specific so it is supported.
		 */

		if (cp == 0x03a3L &&    /* U+03A3 = GREEK CAPITAL LETTER SIGMA */
		    duk_unicode_is_letter(prev) &&        /* prev exists and is not a letter */
		    !duk_unicode_is_letter(next)) {       /* next does not exist or next is not a letter */
			/* Capital sigma occurred at "end of word", lowercase to
			 * U+03C2 = GREEK SMALL LETTER FINAL SIGMA.  Otherwise
			 * fall through and let the normal rules lowercase it to
			 * U+03C3 = GREEK SMALL LETTER SIGMA.
			 */
			cp = 0x03c2L;
			goto singlechar;
		}

		/* XXX: lithuanian not implemented */
		/* XXX: lithuanian, explicit dot rules */
		/* XXX: turkish / azeri, lowercase rules */
	}

	/* 1:1 or special conversions, but not locale/context specific: script generated rules */
	DUK_MEMZERO(&bd_ctx, sizeof(bd_ctx));
	if (uppercase) {
		bd_ctx.data = (const duk_uint8_t *) duk_unicode_caseconv_uc;
		bd_ctx.length = (duk_size_t) sizeof(duk_unicode_caseconv_uc);
	} else {
		bd_ctx.data = (const duk_uint8_t *) duk_unicode_caseconv_lc;
		bd_ctx.length = (duk_size_t) sizeof(duk_unicode_caseconv_lc);
	}
	return duk__slow_case_conversion(thr, bw, cp, &bd_ctx);

 singlechar:
	if (bw != NULL) {
		DUK_BW_WRITE_RAW_XUTF8(thr, bw, (duk_ucodepoint_t) cp);
	}
	return cp;

 /* unused now, not needed until Turkish/Azeri */
#if 0
 nochar:
	return -1;
#endif
}

/*
 *  Replace valstack top with case converted version.
 */

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_unicode_case_convert_string(duk_hthread *thr, duk_small_int_t uppercase) {
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk_hstring *h_input;
	duk_bufwriter_ctx bw_alloc;
	duk_bufwriter_ctx *bw;
	const duk_uint8_t *p, *p_start, *p_end;
	duk_codepoint_t prev, curr, next;

	h_input = duk_require_hstring(ctx, -1);
	DUK_ASSERT(h_input != NULL);

	bw = &bw_alloc;
	DUK_BW_INIT_PUSHBUF(thr, bw, DUK_HSTRING_GET_BYTELEN(h_input));

	/* [ ... input buffer ] */

	p_start = (const duk_uint8_t *) DUK_HSTRING_GET_DATA(h_input);
	p_end = p_start + DUK_HSTRING_GET_BYTELEN(h_input);
	p = p_start;

	prev = -1; DUK_UNREF(prev);
	curr = -1;
	next = -1;
	for (;;) {
		prev = curr;
		curr = next;
		next = -1;
		if (p < p_end) {
			next = (int) duk_unicode_decode_xutf8_checked(thr, &p, p_start, p_end);
		} else {
			/* end of input and last char has been processed */
			if (curr < 0) {
				break;
			}
		}

		/* on first round, skip */
		if (curr >= 0) {
			/* XXX: could add a fast path to process chunks of input codepoints,
			 * but relative benefit would be quite small.
			 */

			/* Ensure space for maximum multi-character result; estimate is overkill. */
			DUK_BW_ENSURE(thr, bw, 8 * DUK_UNICODE_MAX_XUTF8_LENGTH);

			duk__case_transform_helper(thr,
			                           bw,
			                           (duk_codepoint_t) curr,
			                           prev,
			                           next,
			                           uppercase);
		}
	}

	DUK_BW_COMPACT(thr, bw);
	duk_to_string(ctx, -1);  /* invalidates h_buf pointer */
	duk_remove(ctx, -2);
}

#ifdef DUK_USE_REGEXP_SUPPORT

/*
 *  Canonicalize() abstract operation needed for canonicalization of individual
 *  codepoints during regexp compilation and execution, see E5 Section 15.10.2.8.
 *  Note that codepoints are canonicalized one character at a time, so no context
 *  specific rules can apply.  Locale specific rules can apply, though.
 */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_codepoint_t duk_unicode_re_canonicalize_char(duk_hthread *thr, duk_codepoint_t cp) {
#if defined(DUK_USE_REGEXP_CANON_WORKAROUND)
	/* Fast canonicalization lookup at the cost of 128kB footprint. */
	DUK_ASSERT(cp >= 0);
	DUK_UNREF(thr);
	if (DUK_LIKELY(cp < 0x10000L)) {
		return (duk_codepoint_t) duk_unicode_re_canon_lookup[cp];
	}
	return cp;
#else  /* DUK_USE_REGEXP_CANON_WORKAROUND */
	duk_codepoint_t y;

	y = duk__case_transform_helper(thr,
	                               NULL,    /* NULL is allowed, no output */
	                               cp,      /* curr char */
	                               -1,      /* prev char */
	                               -1,      /* next char */
	                               1);      /* uppercase */

	if ((y < 0) || (cp >= 0x80 && y < 0x80)) {
		/* multiple codepoint conversion or non-ASCII mapped to ASCII
		 * --> leave as is.
		 */
		return cp;
	}

	return y;
#endif  /* DUK_USE_REGEXP_CANON_WORKAROUND */
}

/*
 *  E5 Section 15.10.2.6 "IsWordChar" abstract operation.  Assume
 *  x < 0 for characters read outside the string.
 */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_small_int_t duk_unicode_re_is_wordchar(duk_codepoint_t x) {
	/*
	 *  Note: the description in E5 Section 15.10.2.6 has a typo, it
	 *  contains 'A' twice and lacks 'a'; the intent is [0-9a-zA-Z_].
	 */
	if ((x >= '0' && x <= '9') ||
	    (x >= 'a' && x <= 'z') ||
	    (x >= 'A' && x <= 'Z') ||
	    (x == '_')) {
		return 1;
	}
	return 0;
}

/*
 *  Regexp range tables
 */

/* exposed because lexer needs these too */
DUK_INTERNAL const duk_uint16_t duk_unicode_re_ranges_digit[2] = {
	(duk_uint16_t) 0x0030UL, (duk_uint16_t) 0x0039UL,
};
DUK_INTERNAL const duk_uint16_t duk_unicode_re_ranges_white[22] = {
	(duk_uint16_t) 0x0009UL, (duk_uint16_t) 0x000DUL,
	(duk_uint16_t) 0x0020UL, (duk_uint16_t) 0x0020UL,
	(duk_uint16_t) 0x00A0UL, (duk_uint16_t) 0x00A0UL,
	(duk_uint16_t) 0x1680UL, (duk_uint16_t) 0x1680UL,
	(duk_uint16_t) 0x180EUL, (duk_uint16_t) 0x180EUL,
	(duk_uint16_t) 0x2000UL, (duk_uint16_t) 0x200AUL,
	(duk_uint16_t) 0x2028UL, (duk_uint16_t) 0x2029UL,
	(duk_uint16_t) 0x202FUL, (duk_uint16_t) 0x202FUL,
	(duk_uint16_t) 0x205FUL, (duk_uint16_t) 0x205FUL,
	(duk_uint16_t) 0x3000UL, (duk_uint16_t) 0x3000UL,
	(duk_uint16_t) 0xFEFFUL, (duk_uint16_t) 0xFEFFUL,
};
DUK_INTERNAL const duk_uint16_t duk_unicode_re_ranges_wordchar[8] = {
	(duk_uint16_t) 0x0030UL, (duk_uint16_t) 0x0039UL,
	(duk_uint16_t) 0x0041UL, (duk_uint16_t) 0x005AUL,
	(duk_uint16_t) 0x005FUL, (duk_uint16_t) 0x005FUL,
	(duk_uint16_t) 0x0061UL, (duk_uint16_t) 0x007AUL,
};
DUK_INTERNAL const duk_uint16_t duk_unicode_re_ranges_not_digit[4] = {
	(duk_uint16_t) 0x0000UL, (duk_uint16_t) 0x002FUL,
	(duk_uint16_t) 0x003AUL, (duk_uint16_t) 0xFFFFUL,
};
DUK_INTERNAL const duk_uint16_t duk_unicode_re_ranges_not_white[24] = {
	(duk_uint16_t) 0x0000UL, (duk_uint16_t) 0x0008UL,
	(duk_uint16_t) 0x000EUL, (duk_uint16_t) 0x001FUL,
	(duk_uint16_t) 0x0021UL, (duk_uint16_t) 0x009FUL,
	(duk_uint16_t) 0x00A1UL, (duk_uint16_t) 0x167FUL,
	(duk_uint16_t) 0x1681UL, (duk_uint16_t) 0x180DUL,
	(duk_uint16_t) 0x180FUL, (duk_uint16_t) 0x1FFFUL,
	(duk_uint16_t) 0x200BUL, (duk_uint16_t) 0x2027UL,
	(duk_uint16_t) 0x202AUL, (duk_uint16_t) 0x202EUL,
	(duk_uint16_t) 0x2030UL, (duk_uint16_t) 0x205EUL,
	(duk_uint16_t) 0x2060UL, (duk_uint16_t) 0x2FFFUL,
	(duk_uint16_t) 0x3001UL, (duk_uint16_t) 0xFEFEUL,
	(duk_uint16_t) 0xFF00UL, (duk_uint16_t) 0xFFFFUL,
};
DUK_INTERNAL const duk_uint16_t duk_unicode_re_ranges_not_wordchar[10] = {
	(duk_uint16_t) 0x0000UL, (duk_uint16_t) 0x002FUL,
	(duk_uint16_t) 0x003AUL, (duk_uint16_t) 0x0040UL,
	(duk_uint16_t) 0x005BUL, (duk_uint16_t) 0x005EUL,
	(duk_uint16_t) 0x0060UL, (duk_uint16_t) 0x0060UL,
	(duk_uint16_t) 0x007BUL, (duk_uint16_t) 0xFFFFUL,
};

#endif  /* DUK_USE_REGEXP_SUPPORT */
/*
 *  Misc util stuff
 */

/* include removed: duk_internal.h */

/*
 *  Lowercase digits for radix values 2 to 36.  Also doubles as lowercase
 *  hex nybble table.
 */

DUK_INTERNAL const duk_uint8_t duk_lc_digits[36] = {
	DUK_ASC_0, DUK_ASC_1, DUK_ASC_2, DUK_ASC_3,
	DUK_ASC_4, DUK_ASC_5, DUK_ASC_6, DUK_ASC_7,
	DUK_ASC_8, DUK_ASC_9, DUK_ASC_LC_A, DUK_ASC_LC_B,
	DUK_ASC_LC_C, DUK_ASC_LC_D, DUK_ASC_LC_E, DUK_ASC_LC_F,
	DUK_ASC_LC_G, DUK_ASC_LC_H, DUK_ASC_LC_I, DUK_ASC_LC_J,
	DUK_ASC_LC_K, DUK_ASC_LC_L, DUK_ASC_LC_M, DUK_ASC_LC_N,
	DUK_ASC_LC_O, DUK_ASC_LC_P, DUK_ASC_LC_Q, DUK_ASC_LC_R,
	DUK_ASC_LC_S, DUK_ASC_LC_T, DUK_ASC_LC_U, DUK_ASC_LC_V,
	DUK_ASC_LC_W, DUK_ASC_LC_X, DUK_ASC_LC_Y, DUK_ASC_LC_Z
};

DUK_INTERNAL const duk_uint8_t duk_uc_nybbles[16] = {
	DUK_ASC_0, DUK_ASC_1, DUK_ASC_2, DUK_ASC_3,
	DUK_ASC_4, DUK_ASC_5, DUK_ASC_6, DUK_ASC_7,
	DUK_ASC_8, DUK_ASC_9, DUK_ASC_UC_A, DUK_ASC_UC_B,
	DUK_ASC_UC_C, DUK_ASC_UC_D, DUK_ASC_UC_E, DUK_ASC_UC_F
};

/*
 *  Table for hex decoding ASCII hex digits
 */

DUK_INTERNAL const duk_int8_t duk_hex_dectab[256] = {
	/* -1 if invalid */
	-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,  /* 0x00-0x0f */
	-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,  /* 0x10-0x1f */
	-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,  /* 0x20-0x2f */
	 0,  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,  /* 0x30-0x3f */
	-1, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,  /* 0x40-0x4f */
	-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,  /* 0x50-0x5f */
	-1, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,  /* 0x60-0x6f */
	-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,  /* 0x70-0x7f */
	-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,  /* 0x80-0x8f */
	-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,  /* 0x90-0x9f */
	-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,  /* 0xa0-0xaf */
	-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,  /* 0xb0-0xbf */
	-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,  /* 0xc0-0xcf */
	-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,  /* 0xd0-0xdf */
	-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,  /* 0xe0-0xef */
	-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1   /* 0xf0-0xff */
};

#if defined(DUK_USE_HEX_FASTPATH)
/* Preshifted << 4.  Must use 16-bit entry to allow negative value signaling. */
DUK_INTERNAL const duk_int16_t duk_hex_dectab_shift4[256] = {
	  -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,  /* 0x00-0x0f */
	  -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,  /* 0x10-0x1f */
	  -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,  /* 0x20-0x2f */
	0x00, 0x10, 0x20, 0x30, 0x40, 0x50, 0x60, 0x70, 0x80, 0x90,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,  /* 0x30-0x3f */
	  -1, 0xa0, 0xb0, 0xc0, 0xd0, 0xe0, 0xf0,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,  /* 0x40-0x4f */
	  -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,  /* 0x50-0x5f */
	  -1, 0xa0, 0xb0, 0xc0, 0xd0, 0xe0, 0xf0,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,  /* 0x60-0x6f */
	  -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,  /* 0x70-0x7f */
	  -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,  /* 0x80-0x8f */
	  -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,  /* 0x90-0x9f */
	  -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,  /* 0xa0-0xaf */
	  -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,  /* 0xb0-0xbf */
	  -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,  /* 0xc0-0xcf */
	  -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,  /* 0xd0-0xdf */
	  -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,  /* 0xe0-0xef */
	  -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1,   -1   /* 0xf0-0xff */
};
#endif

/*
 *  Table for hex encoding bytes
 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_HEX_FASTPATH)
/* Lookup to encode one byte directly into 2 characters:
 *
 *   def genhextab(bswap):
 *       for i in xrange(256):
 *           t = chr(i).encode('hex')
 *           if bswap:
 *               t = t[1] + t[0]
 *           print('0x' + t.encode('hex') + 'U')
 *   print('big endian'); genhextab(False)
 *   print('little endian'); genhextab(True)
*/
DUK_INTERNAL const duk_uint16_t duk_hex_enctab[256] = {
#if defined(DUK_USE_INTEGER_BE)
	0x3030U, 0x3031U, 0x3032U, 0x3033U, 0x3034U, 0x3035U, 0x3036U, 0x3037U,
	0x3038U, 0x3039U, 0x3061U, 0x3062U, 0x3063U, 0x3064U, 0x3065U, 0x3066U,
	0x3130U, 0x3131U, 0x3132U, 0x3133U, 0x3134U, 0x3135U, 0x3136U, 0x3137U,
	0x3138U, 0x3139U, 0x3161U, 0x3162U, 0x3163U, 0x3164U, 0x3165U, 0x3166U,
	0x3230U, 0x3231U, 0x3232U, 0x3233U, 0x3234U, 0x3235U, 0x3236U, 0x3237U,
	0x3238U, 0x3239U, 0x3261U, 0x3262U, 0x3263U, 0x3264U, 0x3265U, 0x3266U,
	0x3330U, 0x3331U, 0x3332U, 0x3333U, 0x3334U, 0x3335U, 0x3336U, 0x3337U,
	0x3338U, 0x3339U, 0x3361U, 0x3362U, 0x3363U, 0x3364U, 0x3365U, 0x3366U,
	0x3430U, 0x3431U, 0x3432U, 0x3433U, 0x3434U, 0x3435U, 0x3436U, 0x3437U,
	0x3438U, 0x3439U, 0x3461U, 0x3462U, 0x3463U, 0x3464U, 0x3465U, 0x3466U,
	0x3530U, 0x3531U, 0x3532U, 0x3533U, 0x3534U, 0x3535U, 0x3536U, 0x3537U,
	0x3538U, 0x3539U, 0x3561U, 0x3562U, 0x3563U, 0x3564U, 0x3565U, 0x3566U,
	0x3630U, 0x3631U, 0x3632U, 0x3633U, 0x3634U, 0x3635U, 0x3636U, 0x3637U,
	0x3638U, 0x3639U, 0x3661U, 0x3662U, 0x3663U, 0x3664U, 0x3665U, 0x3666U,
	0x3730U, 0x3731U, 0x3732U, 0x3733U, 0x3734U, 0x3735U, 0x3736U, 0x3737U,
	0x3738U, 0x3739U, 0x3761U, 0x3762U, 0x3763U, 0x3764U, 0x3765U, 0x3766U,
	0x3830U, 0x3831U, 0x3832U, 0x3833U, 0x3834U, 0x3835U, 0x3836U, 0x3837U,
	0x3838U, 0x3839U, 0x3861U, 0x3862U, 0x3863U, 0x3864U, 0x3865U, 0x3866U,
	0x3930U, 0x3931U, 0x3932U, 0x3933U, 0x3934U, 0x3935U, 0x3936U, 0x3937U,
	0x3938U, 0x3939U, 0x3961U, 0x3962U, 0x3963U, 0x3964U, 0x3965U, 0x3966U,
	0x6130U, 0x6131U, 0x6132U, 0x6133U, 0x6134U, 0x6135U, 0x6136U, 0x6137U,
	0x6138U, 0x6139U, 0x6161U, 0x6162U, 0x6163U, 0x6164U, 0x6165U, 0x6166U,
	0x6230U, 0x6231U, 0x6232U, 0x6233U, 0x6234U, 0x6235U, 0x6236U, 0x6237U,
	0x6238U, 0x6239U, 0x6261U, 0x6262U, 0x6263U, 0x6264U, 0x6265U, 0x6266U,
	0x6330U, 0x6331U, 0x6332U, 0x6333U, 0x6334U, 0x6335U, 0x6336U, 0x6337U,
	0x6338U, 0x6339U, 0x6361U, 0x6362U, 0x6363U, 0x6364U, 0x6365U, 0x6366U,
	0x6430U, 0x6431U, 0x6432U, 0x6433U, 0x6434U, 0x6435U, 0x6436U, 0x6437U,
	0x6438U, 0x6439U, 0x6461U, 0x6462U, 0x6463U, 0x6464U, 0x6465U, 0x6466U,
	0x6530U, 0x6531U, 0x6532U, 0x6533U, 0x6534U, 0x6535U, 0x6536U, 0x6537U,
	0x6538U, 0x6539U, 0x6561U, 0x6562U, 0x6563U, 0x6564U, 0x6565U, 0x6566U,
	0x6630U, 0x6631U, 0x6632U, 0x6633U, 0x6634U, 0x6635U, 0x6636U, 0x6637U,
	0x6638U, 0x6639U, 0x6661U, 0x6662U, 0x6663U, 0x6664U, 0x6665U, 0x6666U
#else  /* DUK_USE_INTEGER_BE */
	0x3030U, 0x3130U, 0x3230U, 0x3330U, 0x3430U, 0x3530U, 0x3630U, 0x3730U,
	0x3830U, 0x3930U, 0x6130U, 0x6230U, 0x6330U, 0x6430U, 0x6530U, 0x6630U,
	0x3031U, 0x3131U, 0x3231U, 0x3331U, 0x3431U, 0x3531U, 0x3631U, 0x3731U,
	0x3831U, 0x3931U, 0x6131U, 0x6231U, 0x6331U, 0x6431U, 0x6531U, 0x6631U,
	0x3032U, 0x3132U, 0x3232U, 0x3332U, 0x3432U, 0x3532U, 0x3632U, 0x3732U,
	0x3832U, 0x3932U, 0x6132U, 0x6232U, 0x6332U, 0x6432U, 0x6532U, 0x6632U,
	0x3033U, 0x3133U, 0x3233U, 0x3333U, 0x3433U, 0x3533U, 0x3633U, 0x3733U,
	0x3833U, 0x3933U, 0x6133U, 0x6233U, 0x6333U, 0x6433U, 0x6533U, 0x6633U,
	0x3034U, 0x3134U, 0x3234U, 0x3334U, 0x3434U, 0x3534U, 0x3634U, 0x3734U,
	0x3834U, 0x3934U, 0x6134U, 0x6234U, 0x6334U, 0x6434U, 0x6534U, 0x6634U,
	0x3035U, 0x3135U, 0x3235U, 0x3335U, 0x3435U, 0x3535U, 0x3635U, 0x3735U,
	0x3835U, 0x3935U, 0x6135U, 0x6235U, 0x6335U, 0x6435U, 0x6535U, 0x6635U,
	0x3036U, 0x3136U, 0x3236U, 0x3336U, 0x3436U, 0x3536U, 0x3636U, 0x3736U,
	0x3836U, 0x3936U, 0x6136U, 0x6236U, 0x6336U, 0x6436U, 0x6536U, 0x6636U,
	0x3037U, 0x3137U, 0x3237U, 0x3337U, 0x3437U, 0x3537U, 0x3637U, 0x3737U,
	0x3837U, 0x3937U, 0x6137U, 0x6237U, 0x6337U, 0x6437U, 0x6537U, 0x6637U,
	0x3038U, 0x3138U, 0x3238U, 0x3338U, 0x3438U, 0x3538U, 0x3638U, 0x3738U,
	0x3838U, 0x3938U, 0x6138U, 0x6238U, 0x6338U, 0x6438U, 0x6538U, 0x6638U,
	0x3039U, 0x3139U, 0x3239U, 0x3339U, 0x3439U, 0x3539U, 0x3639U, 0x3739U,
	0x3839U, 0x3939U, 0x6139U, 0x6239U, 0x6339U, 0x6439U, 0x6539U, 0x6639U,
	0x3061U, 0x3161U, 0x3261U, 0x3361U, 0x3461U, 0x3561U, 0x3661U, 0x3761U,
	0x3861U, 0x3961U, 0x6161U, 0x6261U, 0x6361U, 0x6461U, 0x6561U, 0x6661U,
	0x3062U, 0x3162U, 0x3262U, 0x3362U, 0x3462U, 0x3562U, 0x3662U, 0x3762U,
	0x3862U, 0x3962U, 0x6162U, 0x6262U, 0x6362U, 0x6462U, 0x6562U, 0x6662U,
	0x3063U, 0x3163U, 0x3263U, 0x3363U, 0x3463U, 0x3563U, 0x3663U, 0x3763U,
	0x3863U, 0x3963U, 0x6163U, 0x6263U, 0x6363U, 0x6463U, 0x6563U, 0x6663U,
	0x3064U, 0x3164U, 0x3264U, 0x3364U, 0x3464U, 0x3564U, 0x3664U, 0x3764U,
	0x3864U, 0x3964U, 0x6164U, 0x6264U, 0x6364U, 0x6464U, 0x6564U, 0x6664U,
	0x3065U, 0x3165U, 0x3265U, 0x3365U, 0x3465U, 0x3565U, 0x3665U, 0x3765U,
	0x3865U, 0x3965U, 0x6165U, 0x6265U, 0x6365U, 0x6465U, 0x6565U, 0x6665U,
	0x3066U, 0x3166U, 0x3266U, 0x3366U, 0x3466U, 0x3566U, 0x3666U, 0x3766U,
	0x3866U, 0x3966U, 0x6166U, 0x6266U, 0x6366U, 0x6466U, 0x6566U, 0x6666U
#endif  /* DUK_USE_INTEGER_BE */
};
#endif  /* DUK_USE_HEX_FASTPATH */

/*
 *  Table for base-64 encoding
 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_BASE64_FASTPATH)
DUK_INTERNAL const duk_uint8_t duk_base64_enctab[64] = {
	0x41, 0x42, 0x43, 0x44, 0x45, 0x46, 0x47, 0x48, 0x49, 0x4a, 0x4b, 0x4c, 0x4d, 0x4e, 0x4f, 0x50,  /* A...P */
	0x51, 0x52, 0x53, 0x54, 0x55, 0x56, 0x57, 0x58, 0x59, 0x5a, 0x61, 0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66,  /* Q...f */
	0x67, 0x68, 0x69, 0x6a, 0x6b, 0x6c, 0x6d, 0x6e, 0x6f, 0x70, 0x71, 0x72, 0x73, 0x74, 0x75, 0x76,  /* g...v */
	0x77, 0x78, 0x79, 0x7a, 0x30, 0x31, 0x32, 0x33, 0x34, 0x35, 0x36, 0x37, 0x38, 0x39, 0x2b, 0x2f   /* w.../ */
};
#endif  /* DUK_USE_BASE64_FASTPATH */

/*
 *  Table for base-64 decoding
 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_BASE64_FASTPATH)
DUK_INTERNAL const duk_int8_t duk_base64_dectab[256] = {
	/* -1 = error, -2 = allowed whitespace, -3 = padding ('='), 0...63 decoded bytes */
	-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -2, -2, -1, -1, -2, -1, -1,  /* 0x00...0x0f */
	-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,  /* 0x10...0x1f */
	-2, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 62, -1, -1, -1, 63,  /* 0x20...0x2f */
	52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, -1, -1, -1, -3, -1, -1,  /* 0x30...0x3f */
	-1,  0,  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14,  /* 0x40...0x4f */
	15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,  /* 0x50...0x5f */
	-1, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40,  /* 0x60...0x6f */
	41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,  /* 0x70...0x7f */
	-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,  /* 0x80...0x8f */
	-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,  /* 0x90...0x9f */
	-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,  /* 0xa0...0xaf */
	-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,  /* 0xb0...0xbf */
	-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,  /* 0xc0...0xcf */
	-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,  /* 0xd0...0xdf */
	-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,  /* 0xe0...0xef */
	-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1   /* 0xf0...0xff */
};
#endif  /* DUK_USE_BASE64_FASTPATH */

/*
 *  Arbitrary byteswap for potentially unaligned values
 *
 *  Used to byteswap pointers e.g. in debugger code.
 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_SUPPORT)  /* For now only needed by the debugger. */
DUK_INTERNAL void duk_byteswap_bytes(duk_uint8_t *p, duk_small_uint_t len) {
	duk_uint8_t tmp;
	duk_uint8_t *q = p + len - 1;

	while (p - q < 0) {
		tmp = *p;
		*p = *q;
		*q = tmp;
		p++;
		q--;
	}
}
#endif
/*
 *  Round a number upwards to a prime (not usually the nearest one).
 *
 *  Uses a table of successive 32-bit primes whose ratio is roughly
 *  constant.  This keeps the relative upwards 'rounding error' bounded
 *  and the data size small.  A simple 'predict-correct' compression is
 *  used to compress primes to one byte per prime.  See genhashsizes.py
 *  for details.
 *
 *  The minimum prime returned here must be coordinated with the possible
 *  probe sequence steps in duk_hobject and duk_heap stringtable.
 */

/* include removed: duk_internal.h */

/* Awkward inclusion condition: drop out of compilation if not needed by any
 * call site: object hash part or probing stringtable.
 */
#if defined(DUK_USE_HOBJECT_HASH_PART) || defined(DUK_USE_STRTAB_PROBE)

/* hash size ratio goal, must match genhashsizes.py */
#define DUK__HASH_SIZE_RATIO   1177  /* floor(1.15 * (1 << 10)) */

/* prediction corrections for prime list (see genhashsizes.py) */
DUK_LOCAL const duk_int8_t duk__hash_size_corrections[] = {
	17,  /* minimum prime */
	4, 3, 4, 1, 4, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 1, 6, 6, 9, 5, 1, 2, 2, 5, 1, 3, 3, 3,
	5, 4, 4, 2, 4, 8, 3, 4, 23, 2, 4, 7, 8, 11, 2, 12, 15, 10, 1, 1, 5, 1, 5,
	8, 9, 17, 14, 10, 7, 5, 2, 46, 21, 1, 9, 9, 4, 4, 10, 23, 36, 6, 20, 29,
	18, 6, 19, 21, 16, 11, 5, 5, 48, 9, 1, 39, 14, 8, 4, 29, 9, 1, 15, 48, 12,
	22, 6, 15, 27, 4, 2, 17, 28, 8, 9, 4, 5, 8, 3, 3, 8, 37, 11, 15, 8, 30,
	43, 6, 33, 41, 5, 20, 32, 41, 38, 24, 77, 14, 19, 11, 4, 35, 18, 19, 41,
	10, 23, 16, 9, 2,
	-1
};

/* probe steps (see genhashsizes.py), currently assumed to be 32 entries long
 * (DUK_UTIL_GET_HASH_PROBE_STEP macro).
 */
DUK_INTERNAL duk_uint8_t duk_util_probe_steps[32] = {
	2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 19, 31, 41, 47, 59, 67, 73, 79, 89, 101, 103, 107,
	109, 127, 137, 139, 149, 157, 163, 167, 173, 181, 191, 193, 197, 199
};

DUK_INTERNAL duk_uint32_t duk_util_get_hash_prime(duk_uint32_t size) {
	const duk_int8_t *p = duk__hash_size_corrections;
	duk_uint32_t curr;

	curr = (duk_uint32_t) *p++;
	for (;;) {
		duk_small_int_t t = (duk_small_int_t) *p++;
		if (t < 0) {
			/* may happen if size is very close to 2^32-1 */
			break;
		}

		/* prediction: portable variant using doubles if 64-bit values not available */
#ifdef DUK_USE_64BIT_OPS
		curr = (duk_uint32_t) ((((duk_uint64_t) curr) * ((duk_uint64_t) DUK__HASH_SIZE_RATIO)) >> 10);
#else
		/* 32-bit x 11-bit = 43-bit, fits accurately into a double */
		curr = (duk_uint32_t) DUK_FLOOR(((double) curr) * ((double) DUK__HASH_SIZE_RATIO) / 1024.0);
#endif

		/* correction */
		curr += t;

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("size=%ld, curr=%ld", (long) size, (long) curr));

		if (curr >= size) {
			return curr;
		}
	}
	return 0;
}

#endif  /* DUK_USE_HOBJECT_HASH_PART || DUK_USE_STRTAB_PROBE */
/*
 *  Hobject Ecmascript [[Class]].
 */

/* include removed: duk_internal.h */

#if (DUK_STRIDX_UC_ARGUMENTS > 255)
#error constant too large
#endif
#if (DUK_STRIDX_ARRAY > 255)
#error constant too large
#endif
#if (DUK_STRIDX_UC_BOOLEAN > 255)
#error constant too large
#endif
#if (DUK_STRIDX_DATE > 255)
#error constant too large
#endif
#if (DUK_STRIDX_UC_ERROR > 255)
#error constant too large
#endif
#if (DUK_STRIDX_UC_FUNCTION > 255)
#error constant too large
#endif
#if (DUK_STRIDX_JSON > 255)
#error constant too large
#endif
#if (DUK_STRIDX_MATH > 255)
#error constant too large
#endif
#if (DUK_STRIDX_UC_NUMBER > 255)
#error constant too large
#endif
#if (DUK_STRIDX_UC_OBJECT > 255)
#error constant too large
#endif
#if (DUK_STRIDX_REG_EXP > 255)
#error constant too large
#endif
#if (DUK_STRIDX_UC_STRING > 255)
#error constant too large
#endif
#if (DUK_STRIDX_GLOBAL > 255)
#error constant too large
#endif
#if (DUK_STRIDX_OBJ_ENV > 255)
#error constant too large
#endif
#if (DUK_STRIDX_DEC_ENV > 255)
#error constant too large
#endif
#if (DUK_STRIDX_UC_BUFFER > 255)
#error constant too large
#endif
#if (DUK_STRIDX_UC_POINTER > 255)
#error constant too large
#endif
#if (DUK_STRIDX_UC_THREAD > 255)
#error constant too large
#endif
#if (DUK_STRIDX_ARRAY_BUFFER > 255)
#error constant too large
#endif
#if (DUK_STRIDX_DATA_VIEW > 255)
#error constant too large
#endif
#if (DUK_STRIDX_INT8_ARRAY > 255)
#error constant too large
#endif
#if (DUK_STRIDX_UINT8_ARRAY > 255)
#error constant too large
#endif
#if (DUK_STRIDX_UINT8_CLAMPED_ARRAY > 255)
#error constant too large
#endif
#if (DUK_STRIDX_INT16_ARRAY > 255)
#error constant too large
#endif
#if (DUK_STRIDX_UINT16_ARRAY > 255)
#error constant too large
#endif
#if (DUK_STRIDX_INT32_ARRAY > 255)
#error constant too large
#endif
#if (DUK_STRIDX_UINT32_ARRAY > 255)
#error constant too large
#endif
#if (DUK_STRIDX_FLOAT32_ARRAY > 255)
#error constant too large
#endif
#if (DUK_STRIDX_FLOAT64_ARRAY > 255)
#error constant too large
#endif
#if (DUK_STRIDX_EMPTY_STRING > 255)
#error constant too large
#endif

/* Note: assumes that these string indexes are 8-bit, genstrings.py must ensure that */
DUK_INTERNAL duk_uint8_t duk_class_number_to_stridx[32] = {
	DUK_STRIDX_EMPTY_STRING,  /* UNUSED, intentionally empty */
	DUK_STRIDX_UC_ARGUMENTS,
	DUK_STRIDX_ARRAY,
	DUK_STRIDX_UC_BOOLEAN,
	DUK_STRIDX_DATE,
	DUK_STRIDX_UC_ERROR,
	DUK_STRIDX_UC_FUNCTION,
	DUK_STRIDX_JSON,
	DUK_STRIDX_MATH,
	DUK_STRIDX_UC_NUMBER,
	DUK_STRIDX_UC_OBJECT,
	DUK_STRIDX_REG_EXP,
	DUK_STRIDX_UC_STRING,
	DUK_STRIDX_GLOBAL,
	DUK_STRIDX_OBJ_ENV,
	DUK_STRIDX_DEC_ENV,
	DUK_STRIDX_UC_BUFFER,
	DUK_STRIDX_UC_POINTER,
	DUK_STRIDX_UC_THREAD,
	DUK_STRIDX_ARRAY_BUFFER,
	DUK_STRIDX_DATA_VIEW,
	DUK_STRIDX_INT8_ARRAY,
	DUK_STRIDX_UINT8_ARRAY,
	DUK_STRIDX_UINT8_CLAMPED_ARRAY,
	DUK_STRIDX_INT16_ARRAY,
	DUK_STRIDX_UINT16_ARRAY,
	DUK_STRIDX_INT32_ARRAY,
	DUK_STRIDX_UINT32_ARRAY,
	DUK_STRIDX_FLOAT32_ARRAY,
	DUK_STRIDX_FLOAT64_ARRAY,
	DUK_STRIDX_EMPTY_STRING,  /* UNUSED, intentionally empty */
	DUK_STRIDX_EMPTY_STRING,  /* UNUSED, intentionally empty */
};
/*
 *  Default allocation functions.
 *
 *  Assumes behavior such as malloc allowing zero size, yielding
 *  a NULL or a unique pointer which is a no-op for free.
 */

/* include removed: duk_internal.h */

#if defined(DUK_USE_PROVIDE_DEFAULT_ALLOC_FUNCTIONS)
DUK_INTERNAL void *duk_default_alloc_function(void *udata, duk_size_t size) {
	void *res;
	DUK_UNREF(udata);
	res = DUK_ANSI_MALLOC(size);
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("default alloc function: %lu -> %p",
	                     (unsigned long) size, (void *) res));
	return res;
}

DUK_INTERNAL void *duk_default_realloc_function(void *udata, void *ptr, duk_size_t newsize) {
	void *res;
	DUK_UNREF(udata);
	res = DUK_ANSI_REALLOC(ptr, newsize);
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("default realloc function: %p %lu -> %p",
	                     (void *) ptr, (unsigned long) newsize, (void *) res));
	return res;
}

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_default_free_function(void *udata, void *ptr) {
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("default free function: %p", (void *) ptr));
	DUK_UNREF(udata);
	DUK_ANSI_FREE(ptr);
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_PROVIDE_DEFAULT_ALLOC_FUNCTIONS */
/*
 *  Buffer
 */

/* include removed: duk_internal.h */

DUK_EXTERNAL void *duk_resize_buffer(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index, duk_size_t new_size) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_hbuffer_dynamic *h;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	h = (duk_hbuffer_dynamic *) duk_require_hbuffer(ctx, index);
	DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);

	if (!(DUK_HBUFFER_HAS_DYNAMIC(h) && !DUK_HBUFFER_HAS_EXTERNAL(h))) {
		DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, DUK_STR_WRONG_BUFFER_TYPE);
	}

	/* maximum size check is handled by callee */
	duk_hbuffer_resize(thr, h, new_size);

	return DUK_HBUFFER_DYNAMIC_GET_DATA_PTR(thr->heap, h);
}

DUK_EXTERNAL void *duk_steal_buffer(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index, duk_size_t *out_size) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_hbuffer_dynamic *h;
	void *ptr;
	duk_size_t sz;

	DUK_ASSERT(ctx != NULL);

	h = (duk_hbuffer_dynamic *) duk_require_hbuffer(ctx, index);
	DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);

	if (!(DUK_HBUFFER_HAS_DYNAMIC(h) && !DUK_HBUFFER_HAS_EXTERNAL(h))) {
		DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, DUK_STR_WRONG_BUFFER_TYPE);
	}

	/* Forget the previous allocation, setting size to 0 and alloc to
	 * NULL.  Caller is responsible for freeing the previous allocation.
	 * Getting the allocation and clearing it is done in the same API
	 * call to avoid any chance of a realloc.
	 */
	ptr = DUK_HBUFFER_DYNAMIC_GET_DATA_PTR(thr->heap, h);
	sz = DUK_HBUFFER_DYNAMIC_GET_SIZE(h);
	if (out_size) {
		*out_size = sz;
	}
	DUK_HBUFFER_DYNAMIC_SET_DATA_PTR_NULL(thr->heap, h);
	DUK_HBUFFER_DYNAMIC_SET_SIZE(h, 0);

	return ptr;
}

DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_config_buffer(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index, void *ptr, duk_size_t len) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_hbuffer_external *h;

	DUK_ASSERT(ctx != NULL);

	h = (duk_hbuffer_external *) duk_require_hbuffer(ctx, index);
	DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);

	if (!DUK_HBUFFER_HAS_EXTERNAL(h)) {
		DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, DUK_STR_WRONG_BUFFER_TYPE);
	}
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HBUFFER_HAS_DYNAMIC(h));

	DUK_HBUFFER_EXTERNAL_SET_DATA_PTR(thr->heap, h, ptr);
	DUK_HBUFFER_EXTERNAL_SET_SIZE(h, len);
}
/*
 *  Bytecode dump/load
 *
 *  The bytecode load primitive is more important performance-wise than the
 *  dump primitive.
 *
 *  Unlike most Duktape API calls, bytecode dump/load is not guaranteed to be
 *  memory safe for invalid arguments - caller beware!  There's little point
 *  in trying to achieve memory safety unless bytecode instructions are also
 *  validated which is not easy to do with indirect register references etc.
 */

/* include removed: duk_internal.h */

#if defined(DUK_USE_BYTECODE_DUMP_SUPPORT)

#define DUK__SER_MARKER  0xff
#define DUK__SER_VERSION 0x00
#define DUK__SER_STRING  0x00
#define DUK__SER_NUMBER  0x01
#define DUK__BYTECODE_INITIAL_ALLOC 256

/*
 *  Dump/load helpers, xxx_raw() helpers do no buffer checks
 */

DUK_LOCAL duk_uint8_t *duk__load_string_raw(duk_context *ctx, duk_uint8_t *p) {
	duk_uint32_t len;

	len = DUK_RAW_READ_U32_BE(p);
	duk_push_lstring(ctx, (const char *) p, len);
	p += len;
	return p;
}

DUK_LOCAL duk_uint8_t *duk__load_buffer_raw(duk_context *ctx, duk_uint8_t *p) {
	duk_uint32_t len;
	duk_uint8_t *buf;

	len = DUK_RAW_READ_U32_BE(p);
	buf = (duk_uint8_t *) duk_push_fixed_buffer(ctx, (duk_size_t) len);
	DUK_ASSERT(buf != NULL);
	DUK_MEMCPY((void *) buf, (const void *) p, (size_t) len);
	p += len;
	return p;
}

DUK_LOCAL duk_uint8_t *duk__dump_hstring_raw(duk_uint8_t *p, duk_hstring *h) {
	duk_size_t len;
	duk_uint32_t tmp32;

	DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);

	len = DUK_HSTRING_GET_BYTELEN(h);
	DUK_ASSERT(len <= 0xffffffffUL);  /* string limits */
	tmp32 = (duk_uint32_t) len;
	DUK_RAW_WRITE_U32_BE(p, tmp32);
	DUK_MEMCPY((void *) p,
	           (const void *) DUK_HSTRING_GET_DATA(h),
	           len);
	p += len;
	return p;
}

DUK_LOCAL duk_uint8_t *duk__dump_hbuffer_raw(duk_hthread *thr, duk_uint8_t *p, duk_hbuffer *h) {
	duk_size_t len;
	duk_uint32_t tmp32;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);
	DUK_UNREF(thr);

	len = DUK_HBUFFER_GET_SIZE(h);
	DUK_ASSERT(len <= 0xffffffffUL);  /* buffer limits */
	tmp32 = (duk_uint32_t) len;
	DUK_RAW_WRITE_U32_BE(p, tmp32);
	DUK_MEMCPY((void *) p,
	           (const void *) DUK_HBUFFER_GET_DATA_PTR(thr->heap, h),
	           len);
	p += len;
	return p;
}

DUK_LOCAL duk_uint8_t *duk__dump_string_prop(duk_hthread *thr, duk_uint8_t *p, duk_bufwriter_ctx *bw_ctx, duk_hobject *func, duk_small_uint_t stridx) {
	duk_hstring *h_str;
	duk_tval *tv;

	tv = duk_hobject_find_existing_entry_tval_ptr(thr->heap, (duk_hobject *) func, DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING(thr, stridx));
	if (tv != NULL && DUK_TVAL_IS_STRING(tv)) {
		h_str = DUK_TVAL_GET_STRING(tv);
		DUK_ASSERT(h_str != NULL);
	} else {
		h_str = DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_EMPTY_STRING(thr);
		DUK_ASSERT(h_str != NULL);
	}
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HSTRING_MAX_BYTELEN <= 0x7fffffffUL);  /* ensures no overflow */
	p = DUK_BW_ENSURE_RAW(thr, bw_ctx, 4 + DUK_HSTRING_GET_BYTELEN(h_str), p);
	p = duk__dump_hstring_raw(p, h_str);
	return p;
}

DUK_LOCAL duk_uint8_t *duk__dump_buffer_prop(duk_hthread *thr, duk_uint8_t *p, duk_bufwriter_ctx *bw_ctx, duk_hobject *func, duk_small_uint_t stridx) {
	duk_tval *tv;

	tv = duk_hobject_find_existing_entry_tval_ptr(thr->heap, (duk_hobject *) func, DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING(thr, stridx));
	if (tv != NULL && DUK_TVAL_IS_BUFFER(tv)) {
		duk_hbuffer *h_buf;
		h_buf = DUK_TVAL_GET_BUFFER(tv);
		DUK_ASSERT(h_buf != NULL);
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HBUFFER_MAX_BYTELEN <= 0x7fffffffUL);  /* ensures no overflow */
		p = DUK_BW_ENSURE_RAW(thr, bw_ctx, 4 + DUK_HBUFFER_GET_SIZE(h_buf), p);
		p = duk__dump_hbuffer_raw(thr, p, h_buf);
	} else {
		p = DUK_BW_ENSURE_RAW(thr, bw_ctx, 4, p);
		DUK_RAW_WRITE_U32_BE(p, 0);
	}
	return p;
}

DUK_LOCAL duk_uint8_t *duk__dump_uint32_prop(duk_hthread *thr, duk_uint8_t *p, duk_bufwriter_ctx *bw_ctx, duk_hobject *func, duk_small_uint_t stridx, duk_uint32_t def_value) {
	duk_tval *tv;
	duk_uint32_t val;

	tv = duk_hobject_find_existing_entry_tval_ptr(thr->heap, (duk_hobject *) func, DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING(thr, stridx));
	if (tv != NULL && DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv)) {
		val = (duk_uint32_t) DUK_TVAL_GET_NUMBER(tv);
	} else {
		val = def_value;
	}
	p = DUK_BW_ENSURE_RAW(thr, bw_ctx, 4, p);
	DUK_RAW_WRITE_U32_BE(p, val);
	return p;
}

DUK_LOCAL duk_uint8_t *duk__dump_varmap(duk_hthread *thr, duk_uint8_t *p, duk_bufwriter_ctx *bw_ctx, duk_hobject *func) {
	duk_tval *tv;

	tv = duk_hobject_find_existing_entry_tval_ptr(thr->heap, (duk_hobject *) func, DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_INT_VARMAP(thr));
	if (tv != NULL && DUK_TVAL_IS_OBJECT(tv)) {
		duk_hobject *h;
		duk_uint_fast32_t i;

		h = DUK_TVAL_GET_OBJECT(tv);
		DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);

		/* We know _Varmap only has own properties so walk property
		 * table directly.  We also know _Varmap is dense and all
		 * values are numbers; assert for these.  GC and finalizers
		 * shouldn't affect _Varmap so side effects should be fine.
		 */
		for (i = 0; i < (duk_uint_fast32_t) DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ENEXT(h); i++) {
			duk_hstring *key;
			duk_tval *tv_val;
			duk_uint32_t val;

			key = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_KEY(thr->heap, h, i);
			DUK_ASSERT(key != NULL);  /* _Varmap is dense */
			DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HOBJECT_E_SLOT_IS_ACCESSOR(thr->heap, h, i));
			tv_val = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_TVAL_PTR(thr->heap, h, i);
			DUK_ASSERT(tv_val != NULL);
			DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv_val));  /* known to be number; in fact an integer */
#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
			DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_FASTINT(tv_val));
			DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_GET_FASTINT(tv_val) == (duk_int64_t) DUK_TVAL_GET_FASTINT_U32(tv_val));  /* known to be 32-bit */
			val = DUK_TVAL_GET_FASTINT_U32(tv_val);
#else
			val = (duk_uint32_t) DUK_TVAL_GET_NUMBER(tv_val);
#endif

			DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HSTRING_MAX_BYTELEN <= 0x7fffffffUL);  /* ensures no overflow */
			p = DUK_BW_ENSURE_RAW(thr, bw_ctx, 4 + DUK_HSTRING_GET_BYTELEN(key) + 4, p);
			p = duk__dump_hstring_raw(p, key);
			DUK_RAW_WRITE_U32_BE(p, val);
		}
	}
	p = DUK_BW_ENSURE_RAW(thr, bw_ctx, 4, p);
	DUK_RAW_WRITE_U32_BE(p, 0);  /* end of _Varmap */
	return p;
}

DUK_LOCAL duk_uint8_t *duk__dump_formals(duk_hthread *thr, duk_uint8_t *p, duk_bufwriter_ctx *bw_ctx, duk_hobject *func) {
	duk_tval *tv;

	tv = duk_hobject_find_existing_entry_tval_ptr(thr->heap, (duk_hobject *) func, DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_INT_FORMALS(thr));
	if (tv != NULL && DUK_TVAL_IS_OBJECT(tv)) {
		duk_hobject *h;
		duk_uint_fast32_t i;

		h = DUK_TVAL_GET_OBJECT(tv);
		DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);

		/* We know _Formals is dense and all entries will be in the
		 * array part.  GC and finalizers shouldn't affect _Formals
		 * so side effects should be fine.
		 */
		for (i = 0; i < (duk_uint_fast32_t) DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ASIZE(h); i++) {
			duk_tval *tv_val;
			duk_hstring *varname;

			tv_val = DUK_HOBJECT_A_GET_VALUE_PTR(thr->heap, h, i);
			DUK_ASSERT(tv_val != NULL);
			if (DUK_TVAL_IS_STRING(tv_val)) {
				/* Array is dense and contains only strings, but ASIZE may
				 * be larger than used part and there are UNUSED entries.
				 */
				varname = DUK_TVAL_GET_STRING(tv_val);
				DUK_ASSERT(varname != NULL);

				DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HSTRING_MAX_BYTELEN <= 0x7fffffffUL);  /* ensures no overflow */
				p = DUK_BW_ENSURE_RAW(thr, bw_ctx, 4 + DUK_HSTRING_GET_BYTELEN(varname), p);
				p = duk__dump_hstring_raw(p, varname);
			}
		}
	}
	p = DUK_BW_ENSURE_RAW(thr, bw_ctx, 4, p);
	DUK_RAW_WRITE_U32_BE(p, 0);  /* end of _Formals */
	return p;
}

static duk_uint8_t *duk__dump_func(duk_context *ctx, duk_hcompiledfunction *func, duk_bufwriter_ctx *bw_ctx, duk_uint8_t *p) {
	duk_hthread *thr;
	duk_tval *tv, *tv_end;
	duk_instr_t *ins, *ins_end;
	duk_hobject **fn, **fn_end;
	duk_hstring *h_str;
	duk_uint32_t count_instr;
	duk_uint32_t tmp32;
	duk_uint16_t tmp16;
	duk_double_t d;

	thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	DUK_UNREF(ctx);
	DUK_UNREF(thr);

	DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("dumping function %p to %p: "
	                   "consts=[%p,%p[ (%ld bytes, %ld items), "
	                   "funcs=[%p,%p[ (%ld bytes, %ld items), "
	                   "code=[%p,%p[ (%ld bytes, %ld items)",
	                   (void *) func,
	                   (void *) p,
	                   (void *) DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_CONSTS_BASE(thr->heap, func),
	                   (void *) DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_CONSTS_END(thr->heap, func),
	                   (long) DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_CONSTS_SIZE(thr->heap, func),
	                   (long) DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_CONSTS_COUNT(thr->heap, func),
	                   (void *) DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_FUNCS_BASE(thr->heap, func),
	                   (void *) DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_FUNCS_END(thr->heap, func),
	                   (long) DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_FUNCS_SIZE(thr->heap, func),
	                   (long) DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_FUNCS_COUNT(thr->heap, func),
	                   (void *) DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_CODE_BASE(thr->heap, func),
	                   (void *) DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_CODE_END(thr->heap, func),
	                   (long) DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_CODE_SIZE(thr->heap, func),
	                   (long) DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_CODE_COUNT(thr->heap, func)));

	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_USE_ESBC_MAX_BYTES <= 0x7fffffffUL);  /* ensures no overflow */
	count_instr = (duk_uint32_t) DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_CODE_COUNT(thr->heap, func);
	p = DUK_BW_ENSURE_RAW(thr, bw_ctx, 3 * 4 + 2 * 2 + 3 * 4 + count_instr * 4, p);

	/* Fixed header info. */
	tmp32 = count_instr;
	DUK_RAW_WRITE_U32_BE(p, tmp32);
	tmp32 = (duk_uint32_t) DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_CONSTS_COUNT(thr->heap, func);
	DUK_RAW_WRITE_U32_BE(p, tmp32);
	tmp32 = (duk_uint32_t) DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_FUNCS_COUNT(thr->heap, func);
	DUK_RAW_WRITE_U32_BE(p, tmp32);
	tmp16 = func->nregs;
	DUK_RAW_WRITE_U16_BE(p, tmp16);
	tmp16 = func->nargs;
	DUK_RAW_WRITE_U16_BE(p, tmp16);
#if defined(DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_SUPPORT)
	tmp32 = func->start_line;
	DUK_RAW_WRITE_U32_BE(p, tmp32);
	tmp32 = func->end_line;
	DUK_RAW_WRITE_U32_BE(p, tmp32);
#else
	DUK_RAW_WRITE_U32_BE(p, 0);
	DUK_RAW_WRITE_U32_BE(p, 0);
#endif
	tmp32 = ((duk_heaphdr *) func)->h_flags & DUK_HEAPHDR_FLAGS_FLAG_MASK;
	DUK_RAW_WRITE_U32_BE(p, tmp32);

	/* Bytecode instructions: endian conversion needed unless
	 * platform is big endian.
	 */
	ins = DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_CODE_BASE(thr->heap, func);
	ins_end = DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_CODE_END(thr->heap, func);
	DUK_ASSERT((duk_size_t) (ins_end - ins) == (duk_size_t) count_instr);
#if defined(DUK_USE_INTEGER_BE)
	DUK_MEMCPY((void *) p, (const void *) ins, (size_t) (ins_end - ins));
	p += (size_t) (ins_end - ins);
#else
	while (ins != ins_end) {
		tmp32 = (duk_uint32_t) (*ins);
		DUK_RAW_WRITE_U32_BE(p, tmp32);
		ins++;
	}
#endif

	/* Constants: variable size encoding. */
	tv = DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_CONSTS_BASE(thr->heap, func);
	tv_end = DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_CONSTS_END(thr->heap, func);
	while (tv != tv_end) {
		/* constants are strings or numbers now */
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_STRING(tv) ||
		           DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv));

		if (DUK_TVAL_IS_STRING(tv)) {
			h_str = DUK_TVAL_GET_STRING(tv);
			DUK_ASSERT(h_str != NULL);
			DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HSTRING_MAX_BYTELEN <= 0x7fffffffUL);  /* ensures no overflow */
			p = DUK_BW_ENSURE_RAW(thr, bw_ctx, 1 + 4 + DUK_HSTRING_GET_BYTELEN(h_str), p),
			*p++ = DUK__SER_STRING;
			p = duk__dump_hstring_raw(p, h_str);
		} else {
			DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv));
			p = DUK_BW_ENSURE_RAW(thr, bw_ctx, 1 + 8, p);
			*p++ = DUK__SER_NUMBER;
			d = DUK_TVAL_GET_NUMBER(tv);
			DUK_RAW_WRITE_DOUBLE_BE(p, d);
		}
		tv++;
	}

	/* Inner functions recursively. */
	fn = (duk_hobject **) DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_FUNCS_BASE(thr->heap, func);
	fn_end = (duk_hobject **) DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_FUNCS_END(thr->heap, func);
	while (fn != fn_end) {
		/* XXX: This causes recursion up to inner function depth
		 * which is normally not an issue, e.g. mark-and-sweep uses
		 * a recursion limiter to avoid C stack issues.  Avoiding
		 * this would mean some sort of a work list or just refusing
		 * to serialize deep functions.
		 */
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_IS_COMPILEDFUNCTION(*fn));
		p = duk__dump_func(ctx, (duk_hcompiledfunction *) *fn, bw_ctx, p);
		fn++;
	}

	/* Object extra properties.
	 *
	 * There are some difference between function templates and functions.
	 * For example, function templates don't have .length and nargs is
	 * normally used to instantiate the functions.
	 */

	p = duk__dump_uint32_prop(thr, p, bw_ctx, (duk_hobject *) func, DUK_STRIDX_LENGTH, (duk_uint32_t) func->nargs);
	p = duk__dump_string_prop(thr, p, bw_ctx, (duk_hobject *) func, DUK_STRIDX_NAME);
	p = duk__dump_string_prop(thr, p, bw_ctx, (duk_hobject *) func, DUK_STRIDX_FILE_NAME);
	p = duk__dump_buffer_prop(thr, p, bw_ctx, (duk_hobject *) func, DUK_STRIDX_INT_PC2LINE);
	p = duk__dump_varmap(thr, p, bw_ctx, (duk_hobject *) func);
	p = duk__dump_formals(thr, p, bw_ctx, (duk_hobject *) func);

	DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("serialized function %p -> final pointer %p", (void *) func, (void *) p));

	return p;
}

/* Load a function from bytecode.  The function object returned here must
 * match what is created by duk_js_push_closure() with respect to its flags,
 * properties, etc.
 *
 * NOTE: there are intentionally no input buffer length / bound checks.
 * Adding them would be easy but wouldn't ensure memory safety as untrusted
 * or broken bytecode is unsafe during execution unless the opcodes themselves
 * are validated (which is quite complex, especially for indirect opcodes).
 */

#define DUK__ASSERT_LEFT(n) do { \
		DUK_ASSERT((duk_size_t) (p_end - p) >= (duk_size_t) (n)); \
	} while (0)

static duk_uint8_t *duk__load_func(duk_context *ctx, duk_uint8_t *p, duk_uint8_t *p_end) {
	duk_hthread *thr;
	duk_hcompiledfunction *h_fun;
	duk_hbuffer *h_data;
	duk_size_t data_size;
	duk_uint32_t count_instr, count_const, count_funcs;
	duk_uint32_t n;
	duk_uint32_t tmp32;
	duk_small_uint_t const_type;
	duk_uint8_t *fun_data;
	duk_uint8_t *q;
	duk_idx_t idx_base;
	duk_tval *tv1;
	duk_uarridx_t arr_idx;

	/* XXX: There's some overlap with duk_js_closure() here, but
	 * seems difficult to share code.  Ensure that the final function
	 * looks the same as created by duk_js_closure().
	 */

	DUK_ASSERT(ctx != NULL);
	thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;

	DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("loading function, p=%p, p_end=%p", (void *) p, (void *) p_end));

	DUK__ASSERT_LEFT(3 * 4);
	count_instr = DUK_RAW_READ_U32_BE(p);
	count_const = DUK_RAW_READ_U32_BE(p);
	count_funcs = DUK_RAW_READ_U32_BE(p);

	data_size = sizeof(duk_tval) * count_const +
	            sizeof(duk_hobject *) * count_funcs +
	            sizeof(duk_instr_t) * count_instr;

	DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("instr=%ld, const=%ld, funcs=%ld, data_size=%ld",
	                   (long) count_instr, (long) count_const,
	                   (long) count_const, (long) data_size));

	/* Value stack is used to ensure reachability of constants and
	 * inner functions being loaded.  Require enough space to handle
	 * large functions correctly.
	 */
	duk_require_stack(ctx, 2 + count_const + count_funcs);
	idx_base = duk_get_top(ctx);

	/* Push function object, init flags etc.  This must match
	 * duk_js_push_closure() quite carefully.
	 */
	duk_push_compiledfunction(ctx);
	h_fun = duk_get_hcompiledfunction(ctx, -1);
	DUK_ASSERT(h_fun != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_IS_COMPILEDFUNCTION((duk_hobject *) h_fun));
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_DATA(thr->heap, h_fun) == NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_FUNCS(thr->heap, h_fun) == NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_BYTECODE(thr->heap, h_fun) == NULL);

	h_fun->nregs = DUK_RAW_READ_U16_BE(p);
	h_fun->nargs = DUK_RAW_READ_U16_BE(p);
#if defined(DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_SUPPORT)
	h_fun->start_line = DUK_RAW_READ_U32_BE(p);
	h_fun->end_line = DUK_RAW_READ_U32_BE(p);
#else
	p += 8;  /* skip line info */
#endif

	/* duk_hcompiledfunction flags; quite version specific */
	tmp32 = DUK_RAW_READ_U32_BE(p);
	DUK_HEAPHDR_SET_FLAGS((duk_heaphdr *) h_fun, tmp32);

	/* standard prototype */
	DUK_HOBJECT_SET_PROTOTYPE_UPDREF(thr, &h_fun->obj, thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_FUNCTION_PROTOTYPE]);

	/* assert just a few critical flags */
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_TYPE((duk_heaphdr *) h_fun) == DUK_HTYPE_OBJECT);
	DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_BOUND(&h_fun->obj));
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_COMPILEDFUNCTION(&h_fun->obj));
	DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_NATIVEFUNCTION(&h_fun->obj));
	DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_THREAD(&h_fun->obj));
	DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_ARRAY(&h_fun->obj));
	DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_STRINGOBJ(&h_fun->obj));
	DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_ARGUMENTS(&h_fun->obj));

	/* Create function 'data' buffer but don't attach it yet. */
	fun_data = (duk_uint8_t *) duk_push_fixed_buffer(ctx, data_size);
	DUK_ASSERT(fun_data != NULL);

	/* Load bytecode instructions. */
	DUK_ASSERT(sizeof(duk_instr_t) == 4);
	DUK__ASSERT_LEFT(count_instr * sizeof(duk_instr_t));
#if defined(DUK_USE_INTEGER_BE)
	q = fun_data + sizeof(duk_tval) * count_const + sizeof(duk_hobject *) * count_funcs;
	DUK_MEMCPY((void *) q,
	           (const void *) p,
	           sizeof(duk_instr_t) * count_instr);
	p += sizeof(duk_instr_t) * count_instr;
#else
	q = fun_data + sizeof(duk_tval) * count_const + sizeof(duk_hobject *) * count_funcs;
	for (n = count_instr; n > 0; n--) {
		*((duk_instr_t *) (void *) q) = DUK_RAW_READ_U32_BE(p);
		q += sizeof(duk_instr_t);
	}
#endif

	/* Load constants onto value stack but don't yet copy to buffer. */
	for (n = count_const; n > 0; n--) {
		DUK__ASSERT_LEFT(1);
		const_type = DUK_RAW_READ_U8(p);
		switch (const_type) {
		case DUK__SER_STRING: {
			p = duk__load_string_raw(ctx, p);
			break;
		}
		case DUK__SER_NUMBER: {
			/* Important to do a fastint check so that constants are
			 * properly read back as fastints.
			 */
			duk_tval tv_tmp;
			duk_double_t val;
			DUK__ASSERT_LEFT(8);
			val = DUK_RAW_READ_DOUBLE_BE(p);
			DUK_TVAL_SET_NUMBER_CHKFAST(&tv_tmp, val);
			duk_push_tval(ctx, &tv_tmp);
			break;
		}
		default: {
			goto format_error;
		}
		}
	}

	/* Load inner functions to value stack, but don't yet copy to buffer. */
	for (n = count_funcs; n > 0; n--) {
		p = duk__load_func(ctx, p, p_end);
		if (p == NULL) {
			goto format_error;
		}
	}

	/* With constants and inner functions on value stack, we can now
	 * atomically finish the function 'data' buffer, bump refcounts,
	 * etc.
	 *
	 * Here we take advantage of the value stack being just a duk_tval
	 * array: we can just memcpy() the constants as long as we incref
	 * them afterwards.
	 */

	h_data = (duk_hbuffer *) duk_get_hbuffer(ctx, idx_base + 1);
	DUK_ASSERT(h_data != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HBUFFER_HAS_DYNAMIC(h_data));
	DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_SET_DATA(thr->heap, h_fun, h_data);
	DUK_HBUFFER_INCREF(thr, h_data);

	tv1 = duk_get_tval(ctx, idx_base + 2);  /* may be NULL if no constants or inner funcs */
	DUK_ASSERT((count_const == 0 && count_funcs == 0) || tv1 != NULL);

	q = fun_data;
	if (count_const > 0) {
		/* Explicit zero size check to avoid NULL 'tv1'. */
		DUK_MEMCPY((void *) q, (const void *) tv1, sizeof(duk_tval) * count_const);
		for (n = count_const; n > 0; n--) {
			DUK_TVAL_INCREF_FAST(thr, (duk_tval *) (void *) q);  /* no side effects */
			q += sizeof(duk_tval);
		}
		tv1 += count_const;
	}

	DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_SET_FUNCS(thr->heap, h_fun, (duk_hobject **) (void *) q);
	for (n = count_funcs; n > 0; n--) {
		duk_hobject *h_obj;

		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_OBJECT(tv1));
		h_obj = DUK_TVAL_GET_OBJECT(tv1);
		DUK_ASSERT(h_obj != NULL);
		tv1++;
		DUK_HOBJECT_INCREF(thr, h_obj);

		*((duk_hobject **) (void *) q) = h_obj;
		q += sizeof(duk_hobject *);
	}

	DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_SET_BYTECODE(thr->heap, h_fun, (duk_instr_t *) (void *) q);

	/* The function object is now reachable and refcounts are fine,
	 * so we can pop off all the temporaries.
	 */
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("function is reachable, reset top; func: %!iT", duk_get_tval(ctx, idx_base)));
	duk_set_top(ctx, idx_base + 1);

	/* Setup function properties. */
	tmp32 = DUK_RAW_READ_U32_BE(p);
	duk_push_u32(ctx, tmp32);
	duk_xdef_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_LENGTH, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_NONE);

	p = duk__load_string_raw(ctx, p);
	if (DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_NAMEBINDING((duk_hobject *) h_fun)) {
		/* Original function instance/template had NAMEBINDING.
		 * Must create a lexical environment on loading to allow
		 * recursive functions like 'function foo() { foo(); }'.
		 */
		duk_hobject *proto;

		proto = thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_GLOBAL_ENV];
		(void) duk_push_object_helper_proto(ctx,
		                                    DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXTENSIBLE |
		                                    DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_AS_FLAGS(DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_DECENV),
		                                    proto);
		duk_dup(ctx, -2);                                 /* -> [ func funcname env funcname ] */
		duk_dup(ctx, idx_base);                           /* -> [ func funcname env funcname func ] */
		duk_xdef_prop(ctx, -3, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_NONE);  /* -> [ func funcname env ] */
		duk_xdef_prop_stridx(ctx, idx_base, DUK_STRIDX_INT_LEXENV, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_WC);
		/* since closure has NEWENV, never define DUK_STRIDX_INT_VARENV, as it
		 * will be ignored anyway
		 */
	}
	duk_xdef_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_NAME, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_NONE);

	p = duk__load_string_raw(ctx, p);
	duk_xdef_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_FILE_NAME, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_WC);

	duk_push_object(ctx);
	duk_dup(ctx, -2);
	duk_xdef_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_CONSTRUCTOR, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_WC);  /* func.prototype.constructor = func */
	duk_compact(ctx, -1);
	duk_xdef_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_PROTOTYPE, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_W);

	p = duk__load_buffer_raw(ctx, p);
	duk_xdef_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_INT_PC2LINE, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_WC);

	duk_push_object(ctx);  /* _Varmap */
	for (;;) {
		/* XXX: awkward */
		p = duk__load_string_raw(ctx, p);
		if (duk_get_length(ctx, -1) == 0) {
			duk_pop(ctx);
			break;
		}
		tmp32 = DUK_RAW_READ_U32_BE(p);
		duk_push_u32(ctx, tmp32);
		duk_put_prop(ctx, -3);
	}
	duk_compact(ctx, -1);
	duk_xdef_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_INT_VARMAP, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_NONE);

	duk_push_array(ctx);  /* _Formals */
	for (arr_idx = 0; ; arr_idx++) {
		/* XXX: awkward */
		p = duk__load_string_raw(ctx, p);
		if (duk_get_length(ctx, -1) == 0) {
			duk_pop(ctx);
			break;
		}
		duk_put_prop_index(ctx, -2, arr_idx);
	}
	duk_compact(ctx, -1);
	duk_xdef_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_INT_FORMALS, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_NONE);

	/* Return with final function pushed on stack top. */
	DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("final loaded function: %!iT", duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));
	DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, idx_base + 1);
	return p;

 format_error:
	return NULL;
}

DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_dump_function(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hthread *thr;
	duk_hcompiledfunction *func;
	duk_bufwriter_ctx bw_ctx_alloc;
	duk_bufwriter_ctx *bw_ctx = &bw_ctx_alloc;
	duk_uint8_t *p;

	DUK_ASSERT(ctx != NULL);
	thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;

	/* Bound functions don't have all properties so we'd either need to
	 * lookup the non-bound target function or reject bound functions.
	 * For now, bound functions are rejected.
	 */
	func = duk_require_hcompiledfunction(ctx, -1);
	DUK_ASSERT(func != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_BOUND(&func->obj));

	/* Estimating the result size beforehand would be costly, so
	 * start with a reasonable size and extend as needed.
	 */
	DUK_BW_INIT_PUSHBUF(thr, bw_ctx, DUK__BYTECODE_INITIAL_ALLOC);
	p = DUK_BW_GET_PTR(thr, bw_ctx);
	*p++ = DUK__SER_MARKER;
	*p++ = DUK__SER_VERSION;
	p = duk__dump_func(ctx, func, bw_ctx, p);
	DUK_BW_SET_PTR(thr, bw_ctx, p);
	DUK_BW_COMPACT(thr, bw_ctx);

	DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("serialized result: %!T", duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));

	duk_remove(ctx, -2);  /* [ ... func buf ] -> [ ... buf ] */
}

DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_load_function(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hthread *thr;
	duk_uint8_t *p_buf, *p, *p_end;
	duk_size_t sz;

	DUK_ASSERT(ctx != NULL);
	thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	DUK_UNREF(ctx);

	p_buf = (duk_uint8_t *) duk_require_buffer(ctx, -1, &sz);
	DUK_ASSERT(p_buf != NULL);

	/* The caller is responsible for being sure that bytecode being loaded
	 * is valid and trusted.  Invalid bytecode can cause memory unsafe
	 * behavior directly during loading or later during bytecode execution
	 * (instruction validation would be quite complex to implement).
	 *
	 * This signature check is the only sanity check for detecting
	 * accidental invalid inputs.  The initial 0xFF byte ensures no
	 * ordinary string will be accepted by accident.
	 */
	p = p_buf;
	p_end = p_buf + sz;
	if (sz < 2 || p[0] != DUK__SER_MARKER || p[1] != DUK__SER_VERSION) {
		goto format_error;
	}
	p += 2;

	p = duk__load_func(ctx, p, p_end);
	if (p == NULL) {
		goto format_error;
	}

	duk_remove(ctx, -2);  /* [ ... buf func ] -> [ ... func ] */
	return;

 format_error:
	DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, DUK_STR_DECODE_FAILED);
}

#undef DUK__SER_MARKER
#undef DUK__SER_VERSION
#undef DUK__SER_STRING
#undef DUK__SER_NUMBER
#undef DUK__BYTECODE_INITIAL_ALLOC

#else  /* DUK_USE_BYTECODE_DUMP_SUPPORT */

DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_dump_function(duk_context *ctx) {
	DUK_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_DEFMSG((duk_hthread *) ctx);
}

DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_load_function(duk_context *ctx) {
	DUK_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_DEFMSG((duk_hthread *) ctx);
}

#endif  /* DUK_USE_BYTECODE_DUMP_SUPPORT */
/*
 *  Calls.
 *
 *  Protected variants should avoid ever throwing an error.
 */

/* include removed: duk_internal.h */

/* Prepare value stack for a method call through an object property.
 * May currently throw an error e.g. when getting the property.
 */
DUK_LOCAL void duk__call_prop_prep_stack(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t normalized_obj_index, duk_idx_t nargs) {
	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("duk__call_prop_prep_stack, normalized_obj_index=%ld, nargs=%ld, stacktop=%ld",
	                     (long) normalized_obj_index, (long) nargs, (long) duk_get_top(ctx)));

	/* [... key arg1 ... argN] */

	/* duplicate key */
	duk_dup(ctx, -nargs - 1);  /* Note: -nargs alone would fail for nargs == 0, this is OK */
	duk_get_prop(ctx, normalized_obj_index);

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("func: %!T", (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));

	/* [... key arg1 ... argN func] */

	duk_replace(ctx, -nargs - 2);

	/* [... func arg1 ... argN] */

	duk_dup(ctx, normalized_obj_index);
	duk_insert(ctx, -nargs - 1);

	/* [... func this arg1 ... argN] */
}

DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_call(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t nargs) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_small_uint_t call_flags;
	duk_idx_t idx_func;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);

	idx_func = duk_get_top(ctx) - nargs - 1;
	if (idx_func < 0 || nargs < 0) {
		/* note that we can't reliably pop anything here */
		DUK_ERROR_API(thr, DUK_STR_INVALID_CALL_ARGS);
	}

	/* XXX: awkward; we assume there is space for this, overwrite
	 * directly instead?
	 */
	duk_push_undefined(ctx);
	duk_insert(ctx, idx_func + 1);

	call_flags = 0;  /* not protected, respect reclimit, not constructor */

	duk_handle_call_unprotected(thr,           /* thread */
	                            nargs,         /* num_stack_args */
	                            call_flags);   /* call_flags */
}

DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_call_method(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t nargs) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_small_uint_t call_flags;
	duk_idx_t idx_func;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);

	idx_func = duk_get_top(ctx) - nargs - 2;  /* must work for nargs <= 0 */
	if (idx_func < 0 || nargs < 0) {
		/* note that we can't reliably pop anything here */
		DUK_ERROR_API(thr, DUK_STR_INVALID_CALL_ARGS);
	}

	call_flags = 0;  /* not protected, respect reclimit, not constructor */

	duk_handle_call_unprotected(thr,           /* thread */
	                            nargs,         /* num_stack_args */
	                            call_flags);   /* call_flags */
}

DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_call_prop(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t obj_index, duk_idx_t nargs) {
	/*
	 *  XXX: if duk_handle_call() took values through indices, this could be
	 *  made much more sensible.  However, duk_handle_call() needs to fudge
	 *  the 'this' and 'func' values to handle bound function chains, which
	 *  is now done "in-place", so this is not a trivial change.
	 */

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	obj_index = duk_require_normalize_index(ctx, obj_index);  /* make absolute */

	duk__call_prop_prep_stack(ctx, obj_index, nargs);

	duk_call_method(ctx, nargs);
}

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_int_t duk_pcall(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t nargs) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_small_uint_t call_flags;
	duk_idx_t idx_func;
	duk_int_t rc;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);

	idx_func = duk_get_top(ctx) - nargs - 1;  /* must work for nargs <= 0 */
	if (idx_func < 0 || nargs < 0) {
		/* We can't reliably pop anything here because the stack input
		 * shape is incorrect.  So we throw an error; if the caller has
		 * no catch point for this, a fatal error will occur.  Another
		 * alternative would be to just return an error.  But then the
		 * stack would be in an unknown state which might cause some
		 * very hard to diagnose problems later on.  Also note that even
		 * if we did not throw an error here, the underlying call handler
		 * might STILL throw an out-of-memory error or some other internal
		 * fatal error.
		 */
		DUK_ERROR_API(thr, DUK_STR_INVALID_CALL_ARGS);
		return DUK_EXEC_ERROR;  /* unreachable */
	}

	/* awkward; we assume there is space for this */
	duk_push_undefined(ctx);
	duk_insert(ctx, idx_func + 1);

	call_flags = 0;  /* respect reclimit, not constructor */

	rc = duk_handle_call_protected(thr,           /* thread */
	                               nargs,         /* num_stack_args */
	                               call_flags);   /* call_flags */

	return rc;
}

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_int_t duk_pcall_method(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t nargs) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_small_uint_t call_flags;
	duk_idx_t idx_func;
	duk_int_t rc;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);

	idx_func = duk_get_top(ctx) - nargs - 2;  /* must work for nargs <= 0 */
	if (idx_func < 0 || nargs < 0) {
		/* See comments in duk_pcall(). */
		DUK_ERROR_API(thr, DUK_STR_INVALID_CALL_ARGS);
		return DUK_EXEC_ERROR;  /* unreachable */
	}

	call_flags = 0;  /* respect reclimit, not constructor */

	rc = duk_handle_call_protected(thr,           /* thread */
	                               nargs,         /* num_stack_args */
	                               call_flags);   /* call_flags */

	return rc;
}

DUK_LOCAL duk_ret_t duk__pcall_prop_raw(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_idx_t obj_index;
	duk_idx_t nargs;

	/* Get the original arguments.  Note that obj_index may be a relative
	 * index so the stack must have the same top when we use it.
	 */

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	obj_index = (duk_idx_t) duk_get_int(ctx, -2);
	nargs = (duk_idx_t) duk_get_int(ctx, -1);
	duk_pop_2(ctx);

	obj_index = duk_require_normalize_index(ctx, obj_index);  /* make absolute */
	duk__call_prop_prep_stack(ctx, obj_index, nargs);
	duk_call_method(ctx, nargs);
	return 1;
}

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_int_t duk_pcall_prop(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t obj_index, duk_idx_t nargs) {
	/*
	 *  Must be careful to catch errors related to value stack manipulation
	 *  and property lookup, not just the call itself.
	 */

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	duk_push_idx(ctx, obj_index);
	duk_push_idx(ctx, nargs);

	/* Inputs: explicit arguments (nargs), +1 for key, +2 for obj_index/nargs passing.
	 * If the value stack does not contain enough args, an error is thrown; this matches
	 * behavior of the other protected call API functions.
	 */
	return duk_safe_call(ctx, duk__pcall_prop_raw, nargs + 1 + 2 /*nargs*/, 1 /*nrets*/);
}

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_int_t duk_safe_call(duk_context *ctx, duk_safe_call_function func, duk_idx_t nargs, duk_idx_t nrets) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_int_t rc;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);

	if (duk_get_top(ctx) < nargs || nrets < 0) {
		/* See comments in duk_pcall(). */
		DUK_ERROR_API(thr, DUK_STR_INVALID_CALL_ARGS);
		return DUK_EXEC_ERROR;  /* unreachable */
	}

	rc = duk_handle_safe_call(thr,           /* thread */
	                          func,          /* func */
	                          nargs,         /* num_stack_args */
	                          nrets);        /* num_stack_res */

	return rc;
}

DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_new(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t nargs) {
	/*
	 *  There are two [[Construct]] operations in the specification:
	 *
	 *    - E5 Section 13.2.2: for Function objects
	 *    - E5 Section 15.3.4.5.2: for "bound" Function objects
	 *
	 *  The chain of bound functions is resolved in Section 15.3.4.5.2,
	 *  with arguments "piling up" until the [[Construct]] internal
	 *  method is called on the final, actual Function object.  Note
	 *  that the "prototype" property is looked up *only* from the
	 *  final object, *before* calling the constructor.
	 *
	 *  Currently we follow the bound function chain here to get the
	 *  "prototype" property value from the final, non-bound function.
	 *  However, we let duk_handle_call() handle the argument "piling"
	 *  when the constructor is called.  The bound function chain is
	 *  thus now processed twice.
	 *
	 *  When constructing new Array instances, an unnecessary object is
	 *  created and discarded now: the standard [[Construct]] creates an
	 *  object, and calls the Array constructor.  The Array constructor
	 *  returns an Array instance, which is used as the result value for
	 *  the "new" operation; the object created before the Array constructor
	 *  call is discarded.
	 *
	 *  This would be easy to fix, e.g. by knowing that the Array constructor
	 *  will always create a replacement object and skip creating the fallback
	 *  object in that case.
	 *
	 *  Note: functions called via "new" need to know they are called as a
	 *  constructor.  For instance, built-in constructors behave differently
	 *  depending on how they are called.
	 */

	/* XXX: merge this with duk_js_call.c, as this function implements
	 * core semantics (or perhaps merge the two files altogether).
	 */

	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_hobject *proto;
	duk_hobject *cons;
	duk_hobject *fallback;
	duk_idx_t idx_cons;
	duk_small_uint_t call_flags;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	/* [... constructor arg1 ... argN] */

	idx_cons = duk_require_normalize_index(ctx, -nargs - 1);

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("top=%ld, nargs=%ld, idx_cons=%ld",
	                     (long) duk_get_top(ctx), (long) nargs, (long) idx_cons));

	/* XXX: code duplication */

	/*
	 *  Figure out the final, non-bound constructor, to get "prototype"
	 *  property.
	 */

	duk_dup(ctx, idx_cons);
	for (;;) {
		duk_tval *tv;
		tv = DUK_GET_TVAL_NEGIDX(ctx, -1);
		DUK_ASSERT(tv != NULL);

		if (DUK_TVAL_IS_OBJECT(tv)) {
			cons = DUK_TVAL_GET_OBJECT(tv);
			DUK_ASSERT(cons != NULL);
			if (!DUK_HOBJECT_IS_CALLABLE(cons) || !DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_CONSTRUCTABLE(cons)) {
				/* Checking callability of the immediate target
				 * is important, same for constructability.
				 * Checking it for functions down the bound
				 * function chain is not strictly necessary
				 * because .bind() should normally reject them.
				 * But it's good to check anyway because it's
				 * technically possible to edit the bound function
				 * chain via internal keys.
				 */
				goto not_constructable;
			}
			if (!DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_BOUND(cons)) {
				break;
			}
		} else if (DUK_TVAL_IS_LIGHTFUNC(tv)) {
			/* Lightfuncs cannot be bound. */
			break;
		} else {
			/* Anything else is not constructable. */
			goto not_constructable;
		}
		duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, -1, DUK_STRIDX_INT_TARGET);  /* -> [... cons target] */
		duk_remove(ctx, -2);                                  /* -> [... target] */
	}
	DUK_ASSERT(duk_is_callable(ctx, -1));
	DUK_ASSERT(duk_is_lightfunc(ctx, -1) ||
	           (duk_get_hobject(ctx, -1) != NULL && !DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_BOUND(duk_get_hobject(ctx, -1))));

	/* [... constructor arg1 ... argN final_cons] */

	/*
	 *  Create "fallback" object to be used as the object instance,
	 *  unless the constructor returns a replacement value.
	 *  Its internal prototype needs to be set based on "prototype"
	 *  property of the constructor.
	 */

	duk_push_object(ctx);  /* class Object, extensible */

	/* [... constructor arg1 ... argN final_cons fallback] */

	duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_PROTOTYPE);
	proto = duk_get_hobject(ctx, -1);
	if (!proto) {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("constructor has no 'prototype' property, or value not an object "
		                     "-> leave standard Object prototype as fallback prototype"));
	} else {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("constructor has 'prototype' property with object value "
		                     "-> set fallback prototype to that value: %!iO", (duk_heaphdr *) proto));
		fallback = duk_get_hobject(ctx, -2);
		DUK_ASSERT(fallback != NULL);
		DUK_HOBJECT_SET_PROTOTYPE_UPDREF(thr, fallback, proto);
	}
	duk_pop(ctx);

	/* [... constructor arg1 ... argN final_cons fallback] */

	/*
	 *  Manipulate callstack for the call.
	 */

	duk_dup_top(ctx);
	duk_insert(ctx, idx_cons + 1);  /* use fallback as 'this' value */
	duk_insert(ctx, idx_cons);      /* also stash it before constructor,
	                                 * in case we need it (as the fallback value)
	                                 */
	duk_pop(ctx);                   /* pop final_cons */


	/* [... fallback constructor fallback(this) arg1 ... argN];
	 * Note: idx_cons points to first 'fallback', not 'constructor'.
	 */

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("before call, idx_cons+1 (constructor) -> %!T, idx_cons+2 (fallback/this) -> %!T, "
	                     "nargs=%ld, top=%ld",
	                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, idx_cons + 1),
	                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, idx_cons + 2),
	                     (long) nargs,
	                     (long) duk_get_top(ctx)));

	/*
	 *  Call the constructor function (called in "constructor mode").
	 */

	call_flags = DUK_CALL_FLAG_CONSTRUCTOR_CALL;  /* not protected, respect reclimit, is a constructor call */

	duk_handle_call_unprotected(thr,           /* thread */
	                            nargs,         /* num_stack_args */
	                            call_flags);   /* call_flags */

	/* [... fallback retval] */

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("constructor call finished, fallback=%!iT, retval=%!iT",
	                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -2),
	                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));

	/*
	 *  Determine whether to use the constructor return value as the created
	 *  object instance or not.
	 */

	if (duk_is_object(ctx, -1)) {
		duk_remove(ctx, -2);
	} else {
		duk_pop(ctx);
	}

	/*
	 *  Augment created errors upon creation (not when they are thrown or
	 *  rethrown).  __FILE__ and __LINE__ are not desirable here; the call
	 *  stack reflects the caller which is correct.
	 */

#ifdef DUK_USE_AUGMENT_ERROR_CREATE
	duk_hthread_sync_currpc(thr);
	duk_err_augment_error_create(thr, thr, NULL, 0, 1 /*noblame_fileline*/);
#endif

	/* [... retval] */

	return;

 not_constructable:
	DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, DUK_STR_NOT_CONSTRUCTABLE);
}

DUK_LOCAL duk_ret_t duk__pnew_helper(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_uint_t nargs;

	nargs = duk_to_uint(ctx, -1);
	duk_pop(ctx);

	duk_new(ctx, nargs);
	return 1;
}

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_int_t duk_pnew(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t nargs) {
	duk_int_t rc;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	/* For now, just use duk_safe_call() to wrap duk_new().  We can't
	 * simply use a protected duk_handle_call() because there's post
	 * processing which might throw.  It should be possible to ensure
	 * the post processing never throws (except in internal errors and
	 * out of memory etc which are always allowed) and then remove this
	 * wrapper.
	 */

	duk_push_uint(ctx, nargs);
	rc = duk_safe_call(ctx, duk__pnew_helper, nargs + 2 /*nargs*/, 1 /*nrets*/);
	return rc;
}

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_is_constructor_call(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_activation *act;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(thr->callstack_top >= 0);

	act = duk_hthread_get_current_activation(thr);
	DUK_ASSERT(act != NULL);  /* because callstack_top > 0 */
	return ((act->flags & DUK_ACT_FLAG_CONSTRUCT) != 0 ? 1 : 0);
}

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_is_strict_call(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_activation *act;

	/* For user code this could just return 1 (strict) always
	 * because all Duktape/C functions are considered strict,
	 * and strict is also the default when nothing is running.
	 * However, Duktape may call this function internally when
	 * the current activation is an Ecmascript function, so
	 * this cannot be replaced by a 'return 1' without fixing
	 * the internal call sites.
	 */

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(thr->callstack_top >= 0);

	act = duk_hthread_get_current_activation(thr);
	if (act == NULL) {
		/* Strict by default. */
		return 1;
	}
	return ((act->flags & DUK_ACT_FLAG_STRICT) != 0 ? 1 : 0);
}

/*
 *  Duktape/C function magic
 */

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_int_t duk_get_current_magic(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_activation *act;
	duk_hobject *func;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(thr->callstack_top >= 0);

	act = duk_hthread_get_current_activation(thr);
	if (act) {
		func = DUK_ACT_GET_FUNC(act);
		if (!func) {
			duk_tval *tv = &act->tv_func;
			duk_small_uint_t lf_flags;
			lf_flags = DUK_TVAL_GET_LIGHTFUNC_FLAGS(tv);
			return (duk_int_t) DUK_LFUNC_FLAGS_GET_MAGIC(lf_flags);
		}
		DUK_ASSERT(func != NULL);

		if (DUK_HOBJECT_IS_NATIVEFUNCTION(func)) {
			duk_hnativefunction *nf = (duk_hnativefunction *) func;
			return (duk_int_t) nf->magic;
		}
	}
	return 0;
}

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_int_t duk_get_magic(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_tval *tv;
	duk_hobject *h;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	tv = duk_require_tval(ctx, index);
	if (DUK_TVAL_IS_OBJECT(tv)) {
		h = DUK_TVAL_GET_OBJECT(tv);
		DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);
		if (!DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_NATIVEFUNCTION(h)) {
			goto type_error;
		}
		return (duk_int_t) ((duk_hnativefunction *) h)->magic;
	} else if (DUK_TVAL_IS_LIGHTFUNC(tv)) {
		duk_small_uint_t lf_flags = DUK_TVAL_GET_LIGHTFUNC_FLAGS(tv);
		return (duk_int_t) DUK_LFUNC_FLAGS_GET_MAGIC(lf_flags);
	}

	/* fall through */
 type_error:
	DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, DUK_STR_UNEXPECTED_TYPE);
	return 0;
}

DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_set_magic(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index, duk_int_t magic) {
	duk_hnativefunction *nf;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	nf = duk_require_hnativefunction(ctx, index);
	DUK_ASSERT(nf != NULL);
	nf->magic = (duk_int16_t) magic;
}
/*
 *  Encoding and decoding basic formats: hex, base64.
 *
 *  These are in-place operations which may allow an optimized implementation.
 *
 *  Base-64: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4648#section-4
 */

/* include removed: duk_internal.h */

/* Shared handling for encode/decode argument.  Fast path handling for
 * buffer and string values because they're the most common.  In particular,
 * avoid creating a temporary string or buffer when possible.
 */
DUK_LOCAL const duk_uint8_t *duk__prep_codec_arg(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index, duk_size_t *out_len) {
	DUK_ASSERT(duk_is_valid_index(ctx, index));  /* checked by caller */
	if (duk_is_buffer(ctx, index)) {
		return (const duk_uint8_t *) duk_get_buffer(ctx, index, out_len);
	} else {
		return (const duk_uint8_t *) duk_to_lstring(ctx, index, out_len);
	}
}

#if defined(DUK_USE_BASE64_FASTPATH)
DUK_LOCAL void duk__base64_encode_helper(const duk_uint8_t *src, duk_size_t srclen, duk_uint8_t *dst) {
	duk_uint_t t;
	duk_size_t n_full, n_full3, n_final;
	const duk_uint8_t *src_end_fast;

	n_full = srclen / 3;  /* full 3-byte -> 4-char conversions */
	n_full3 = n_full * 3;
	n_final = srclen - n_full3;
	DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(n_final >= 0);
	DUK_ASSERT(n_final <= 2);

	src_end_fast = src + n_full3;
	while (DUK_UNLIKELY(src != src_end_fast)) {
		t = (duk_uint_t) (*src++);
		t = (t << 8) + (duk_uint_t) (*src++);
		t = (t << 8) + (duk_uint_t) (*src++);

		*dst++ = duk_base64_enctab[t >> 18];
		*dst++ = duk_base64_enctab[(t >> 12) & 0x3f];
		*dst++ = duk_base64_enctab[(t >> 6) & 0x3f];
		*dst++ = duk_base64_enctab[t & 0x3f];

#if 0  /* Tested: not faster on x64 */
		/* aaaaaabb bbbbcccc ccdddddd */
		dst[0] = duk_base64_enctab[(src[0] >> 2) & 0x3f];
		dst[1] = duk_base64_enctab[((src[0] << 4) & 0x30) | ((src[1] >> 4) & 0x0f)];
		dst[2] = duk_base64_enctab[((src[1] << 2) & 0x3f) | ((src[2] >> 6) & 0x03)];
		dst[3] = duk_base64_enctab[src[2] & 0x3f];
		src += 3; dst += 4;
#endif
	}

	switch (n_final) {
	/* case 0: nop */
	case 1: {
		/* XX== */
		t = (duk_uint_t) (*src++);
		*dst++ = duk_base64_enctab[t >> 2];           /* XXXXXX-- */
		*dst++ = duk_base64_enctab[(t << 4) & 0x3f];  /* ------XX */
		*dst++ = DUK_ASC_EQUALS;
		*dst++ = DUK_ASC_EQUALS;
		break;
	}
	case 2: {
		/* XXX= */
		t = (duk_uint_t) (*src++);
		t = (t << 8) + (duk_uint_t) (*src++);
		*dst++ = duk_base64_enctab[t >> 10];          /* XXXXXX-- -------- */
		*dst++ = duk_base64_enctab[(t >> 4) & 0x3f];  /* ------XX XXXX---- */
		*dst++ = duk_base64_enctab[(t << 2) & 0x3f];  /* -------- ----XXXX */
		*dst++ = DUK_ASC_EQUALS;
		break;
	}
	}
}
#else  /* DUK_USE_BASE64_FASTPATH */
DUK_LOCAL void duk__base64_encode_helper(const duk_uint8_t *src, duk_size_t srclen, duk_uint8_t *dst) {
	duk_small_uint_t i, snip;
	duk_uint_t t;
	duk_uint_fast8_t x, y;
	const duk_uint8_t *src_end;

	src_end = src + srclen;

	while (src < src_end) {
		/* read 3 bytes into 't', padded by zero */
		snip = 4;
		t = 0;
		for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
			t = t << 8;
			if (src >= src_end) {
				snip--;
			} else {
				t += (duk_uint_t) (*src++);
			}
		}

		/*
		 *  Missing bytes    snip     base64 example
		 *    0               4         XXXX
		 *    1               3         XXX=
		 *    2               2         XX==
		 */

		DUK_ASSERT(snip >= 2 && snip <= 4);

		for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
			x = (duk_uint_fast8_t) ((t >> 18) & 0x3f);
			t = t << 6;

			/* A straightforward 64-byte lookup would be faster
			 * and cleaner, but this is shorter.
			 */
			if (i >= snip) {
				y = '=';
			} else if (x <= 25) {
				y = x + 'A';
			} else if (x <= 51) {
				y = x - 26 + 'a';
			} else if (x <= 61) {
				y = x - 52 + '0';
			} else if (x == 62) {
				y = '+';
			} else {
				y = '/';
			}

			*dst++ = (duk_uint8_t) y;
		}
	}
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_BASE64_FASTPATH */

#if defined(DUK_USE_BASE64_FASTPATH)
DUK_LOCAL duk_bool_t duk__base64_decode_helper(const duk_uint8_t *src, duk_size_t srclen, duk_uint8_t *dst, duk_uint8_t **out_dst_final) {
	duk_int_t x;
	duk_int_t t;
	duk_small_uint_t n_equal;
	duk_small_uint_t n_chars;
	const duk_uint8_t *src_end;
	const duk_uint8_t *src_end_safe;

	src_end = src + srclen;
	src_end_safe = src_end - 4;  /* if 'src < src_end_safe', safe to read 4 bytes */

	/* Innermost fast path processes 4 valid base-64 characters at a time
	 * but bails out on whitespace, padding chars ('=') and invalid chars.
	 * Once the slow path segment has been processed, we return to the
	 * inner fast path again.  This handles e.g. base64 with newlines
	 * reasonably well because the majority of a line is in the fast path.
	 */
	for (;;) {
		/* Fast path, handle units with just actual encoding characters. */

		while (src <= src_end_safe) {
			/* The lookup byte is intentionally sign extended to (at least)
			 * 32 bits and then ORed.  This ensures that is at least 1 byte
			 * is negative, the highest bit of 't' will be set at the end
			 * and we don't need to check every byte.
			 */
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("fast loop: src=%p, src_end_safe=%p, src_end=%p",
			                     (const void *) src, (const void *) src_end_safe, (const void *) src_end));

			t = (duk_int_t) duk_base64_dectab[*src++];
			t = (t << 6) | (duk_int_t) duk_base64_dectab[*src++];
			t = (t << 6) | (duk_int_t) duk_base64_dectab[*src++];
			t = (t << 6) | (duk_int_t) duk_base64_dectab[*src++];

			if (DUK_UNLIKELY(t < 0)) {
				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("fast loop unit was not clean, process one slow path unit"));
				src -= 4;
				break;
			}

			DUK_ASSERT(t <= 0xffffffL);
			DUK_ASSERT((t >> 24) == 0);
			*dst++ = (duk_uint8_t) (t >> 16);
			*dst++ = (duk_uint8_t) ((t >> 8) & 0xff);
			*dst++ = (duk_uint8_t) (t & 0xff);
		}

		/* Handle one slow path unit (or finish if we're done). */

		n_equal = 0;
		n_chars = 0;
		t = 0;
		for (;;) {
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("slow loop: src=%p, src_end=%p, n_chars=%ld, n_equal=%ld, t=%ld",
			                     (const void *) src, (const void *) src_end, (long) n_chars, (long) n_equal, (long) t));

			if (DUK_UNLIKELY(src >= src_end)) {
				goto done;  /* two level break */
			}

			x = duk_base64_dectab[*src++];
			if (DUK_UNLIKELY(x < 0)) {
				if (x == -2) {
					continue;  /* allowed ascii whitespace */
				} else if (x == -3) {
					n_equal++;
					t <<= 6;
				} else {
					DUK_ASSERT(x == -1);
					goto error;
				}
			} else {
				DUK_ASSERT(x >= 0 && x <= 63);
				if (n_equal > 0) {
					/* Don't allow actual chars after equal sign. */
					goto error;
				}
				t = (t << 6) + x;
			}

			if (DUK_UNLIKELY(n_chars == 3)) {
				/* Emit 3 bytes and backtrack if there was padding.  There's
				 * always space for the whole 3 bytes so no check needed.
				 */
				DUK_ASSERT(t <= 0xffffffL);
				DUK_ASSERT((t >> 24) == 0);
				*dst++ = (duk_uint8_t) (t >> 16);
				*dst++ = (duk_uint8_t) ((t >> 8) & 0xff);
				*dst++ = (duk_uint8_t) (t & 0xff);

				if (DUK_UNLIKELY(n_equal > 0)) {
					DUK_ASSERT(n_equal <= 4);

					/* There may be whitespace between the equal signs. */
					if (n_equal == 1) {
						/* XXX= */
						dst -= 1;
					} else if (n_equal == 2) {
						/* XX== */
						dst -= 2;
					} else {
						goto error;  /* invalid padding */
					}

					/* Continue parsing after padding, allows concatenated,
					 * padded base64.
					 */
				}
				break;  /* back to fast loop */
			} else {
				n_chars++;
			}
		}
	}
 done:
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("done; src=%p, src_end=%p, n_chars=%ld",
	                     (const void *) src, (const void *) src_end, (long) n_chars));

	DUK_ASSERT(src == src_end);

	if (n_chars != 0) {
		/* Here we'd have the option of decoding unpadded base64
		 * (e.g. "xxxxyy" instead of "xxxxyy==".  Currently not
		 * accepted.
		 */
		goto error;
	}

	*out_dst_final = dst;
	return 1;

 error:
	return 0;
}
#else  /* DUK_USE_BASE64_FASTPATH */
DUK_LOCAL duk_bool_t duk__base64_decode_helper(const duk_uint8_t *src, duk_size_t srclen, duk_uint8_t *dst, duk_uint8_t **out_dst_final) {
	duk_uint_t t;
	duk_uint_fast8_t x, y;
	duk_small_uint_t group_idx;
	duk_small_uint_t n_equal;
	const duk_uint8_t *src_end;

	src_end = src + srclen;
	t = 0;
	group_idx = 0;
	n_equal = 0;

	while (src < src_end) {
		x = *src++;

		if (x >= 'A' && x <= 'Z') {
			y = x - 'A' + 0;
		} else if (x >= 'a' && x <= 'z') {
			y = x - 'a' + 26;
		} else if (x >= '0' && x <= '9') {
			y = x - '0' + 52;
		} else if (x == '+') {
			y = 62;
		} else if (x == '/') {
			y = 63;
		} else if (x == '=') {
			/* We don't check the zero padding bytes here right now
			 * (that they're actually zero).  This seems to be common
			 * behavior for base-64 decoders.
			 */

			n_equal++;
			t <<= 6;  /* shift in zeroes */
			goto skip_add;
		} else if (x == 0x09 || x == 0x0a || x == 0x0d || x == 0x20) {
			/* allow basic ASCII whitespace */
			continue;
		} else {
			goto error;
		}

		if (n_equal > 0) {
			/* Don't allow mixed padding and actual chars. */
			goto error;
		}
		t = (t << 6) + y;
	 skip_add:

		if (group_idx == 3) {
			/* output 3 bytes from 't' */
			*dst++ = (duk_uint8_t) ((t >> 16) & 0xff);
			*dst++ = (duk_uint8_t) ((t >> 8) & 0xff);
			*dst++ = (duk_uint8_t) (t & 0xff);

			if (DUK_UNLIKELY(n_equal > 0)) {
				/* Backtrack. */
				DUK_ASSERT(n_equal <= 4);
				if (n_equal == 1) {
					dst -= 1;
				} else if (n_equal == 2) {
					dst -= 2;
				} else {
					goto error;  /* invalid padding */
				}

				/* Here we can choose either to end parsing and ignore
				 * whatever follows, or to continue parsing in case
				 * multiple (possibly padded) base64 strings have been
				 * concatenated.  Currently, keep on parsing.
				 */
				n_equal = 0;
			}

			t = 0;
			group_idx = 0;
		} else {
			group_idx++;
		}
	}

	if (group_idx != 0) {
		/* Here we'd have the option of decoding unpadded base64
		 * (e.g. "xxxxyy" instead of "xxxxyy==".  Currently not
		 * accepted.
		 */
		goto error;
	}

	*out_dst_final = dst;
	return 1;

 error:
	return 0;
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_BASE64_FASTPATH */

DUK_EXTERNAL const char *duk_base64_encode(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	const duk_uint8_t *src;
	duk_size_t srclen;
	duk_size_t dstlen;
	duk_uint8_t *dst;
	const char *ret;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	/* XXX: optimize for string inputs: no need to coerce to a buffer
	 * which makes a copy of the input.
	 */

	index = duk_require_normalize_index(ctx, index);
	src = duk__prep_codec_arg(ctx, index, &srclen);
	/* Note: for srclen=0, src may be NULL */

	/* Computation must not wrap; this limit works for 32-bit size_t:
	 * >>> srclen = 3221225469
	 * >>> '%x' % ((srclen + 2) / 3 * 4)
	 * 'fffffffc'
	 */
	if (srclen > 3221225469UL) {
		goto type_error;
	}
	dstlen = (srclen + 2) / 3 * 4;
	dst = (duk_uint8_t *) duk_push_fixed_buffer(ctx, dstlen);

	duk__base64_encode_helper((const duk_uint8_t *) src, srclen, dst);

	ret = duk_to_string(ctx, -1);
	duk_replace(ctx, index);
	return ret;

 type_error:
	DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, DUK_STR_ENCODE_FAILED);
	return NULL;  /* never here */
}

DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_base64_decode(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	const duk_uint8_t *src;
	duk_size_t srclen;
	duk_size_t dstlen;
	duk_uint8_t *dst;
	duk_uint8_t *dst_final;
	duk_bool_t retval;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	/* XXX: optimize for buffer inputs: no need to coerce to a string
	 * which causes an unnecessary interning.
	 */

	index = duk_require_normalize_index(ctx, index);
	src = duk__prep_codec_arg(ctx, index, &srclen);

	/* Computation must not wrap, only srclen + 3 is at risk of
	 * wrapping because after that the number gets smaller.
	 * This limit works for 32-bit size_t:
	 * 0x100000000 - 3 - 1 = 4294967292
	 */
	if (srclen > 4294967292UL) {
		goto type_error;
	}
	dstlen = (srclen + 3) / 4 * 3;  /* upper limit, assuming no whitespace etc */
	dst = (duk_uint8_t *) duk_push_dynamic_buffer(ctx, dstlen);
	/* Note: for dstlen=0, dst may be NULL */

	retval = duk__base64_decode_helper((const duk_uint8_t *) src, srclen, dst, &dst_final);
	if (!retval) {
		goto type_error;
	}

	/* XXX: convert to fixed buffer? */
	(void) duk_resize_buffer(ctx, -1, (duk_size_t) (dst_final - dst));
	duk_replace(ctx, index);
	return;

 type_error:
	DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, DUK_STR_DECODE_FAILED);
}

DUK_EXTERNAL const char *duk_hex_encode(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	const duk_uint8_t *inp;
	duk_size_t len;
	duk_size_t i;
	duk_uint8_t *buf;
	const char *ret;
#if defined(DUK_USE_HEX_FASTPATH)
	duk_size_t len_safe;
	duk_uint16_t *p16;
#endif

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	index = duk_require_normalize_index(ctx, index);
	inp = duk__prep_codec_arg(ctx, index, &len);
	DUK_ASSERT(inp != NULL || len == 0);

	/* Fixed buffer, no zeroing because we'll fill all the data. */
	buf = (duk_uint8_t *) duk_push_buffer_raw(ctx, len * 2, DUK_BUF_FLAG_NOZERO /*flags*/);
	DUK_ASSERT(buf != NULL);

#if defined(DUK_USE_HEX_FASTPATH)
	DUK_ASSERT((((duk_size_t) buf) & 0x01U) == 0);   /* pointer is aligned, guaranteed for fixed buffer */
	p16 = (duk_uint16_t *) (void *) buf;
	len_safe = len & ~0x03U;
	for (i = 0; i < len_safe; i += 4) {
		p16[0] = duk_hex_enctab[inp[i]];
		p16[1] = duk_hex_enctab[inp[i + 1]];
		p16[2] = duk_hex_enctab[inp[i + 2]];
		p16[3] = duk_hex_enctab[inp[i + 3]];
		p16 += 4;
	}
	for (; i < len; i++) {
		*p16++ = duk_hex_enctab[inp[i]];
	}
#else  /* DUK_USE_HEX_FASTPATH */
	for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
		duk_small_uint_t t;
		t = (duk_small_uint_t) inp[i];
		buf[i*2 + 0] = duk_lc_digits[t >> 4];
		buf[i*2 + 1] = duk_lc_digits[t & 0x0f];
	}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_HEX_FASTPATH */

	/* XXX: Using a string return value forces a string intern which is
	 * not always necessary.  As a rough performance measure, hex encode
	 * time for tests/perf/test-hex-encode.js dropped from ~35s to ~15s
	 * without string coercion.  Change to returning a buffer and let the
	 * caller coerce to string if necessary?
	 */

	ret = duk_to_string(ctx, -1);
	duk_replace(ctx, index);
	return ret;
}

DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_hex_decode(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	const duk_uint8_t *inp;
	duk_size_t len;
	duk_size_t i;
	duk_int_t t;
	duk_uint8_t *buf;
#if defined(DUK_USE_HEX_FASTPATH)
	duk_int_t chk;
	duk_uint8_t *p;
	duk_size_t len_safe;
#endif

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	index = duk_require_normalize_index(ctx, index);
	inp = duk__prep_codec_arg(ctx, index, &len);
	DUK_ASSERT(inp != NULL || len == 0);

	if (len & 0x01) {
		goto type_error;
	}

	/* Fixed buffer, no zeroing because we'll fill all the data. */
	buf = (duk_uint8_t *) duk_push_buffer_raw(ctx, len / 2, DUK_BUF_FLAG_NOZERO /*flags*/);
	DUK_ASSERT(buf != NULL);

#if defined(DUK_USE_HEX_FASTPATH)
	p = buf;
	len_safe = len & ~0x07U;
	for (i = 0; i < len_safe; i += 8) {
		t = ((duk_int_t) duk_hex_dectab_shift4[inp[i]]) |
		    ((duk_int_t) duk_hex_dectab[inp[i + 1]]);
		chk = t;
		p[0] = (duk_uint8_t) t;
		t = ((duk_int_t) duk_hex_dectab_shift4[inp[i + 2]]) |
		    ((duk_int_t) duk_hex_dectab[inp[i + 3]]);
		chk |= t;
		p[1] = (duk_uint8_t) t;
		t = ((duk_int_t) duk_hex_dectab_shift4[inp[i + 4]]) |
		    ((duk_int_t) duk_hex_dectab[inp[i + 5]]);
		chk |= t;
		p[2] = (duk_uint8_t) t;
		t = ((duk_int_t) duk_hex_dectab_shift4[inp[i + 6]]) |
		    ((duk_int_t) duk_hex_dectab[inp[i + 7]]);
		chk |= t;
		p[3] = (duk_uint8_t) t;
		p += 4;

		/* Check if any lookup above had a negative result. */
		if (DUK_UNLIKELY(chk < 0)) {
			goto type_error;
		}
	}
	for (; i < len; i += 2) {
		t = (((duk_int_t) duk_hex_dectab[inp[i]]) << 4) |
		    ((duk_int_t) duk_hex_dectab[inp[i + 1]]);
		if (DUK_UNLIKELY(t < 0)) {
			goto type_error;
		}
		*p++ = (duk_uint8_t) t;
	}
#else  /* DUK_USE_HEX_FASTPATH */
	for (i = 0; i < len; i += 2) {
		/* For invalid characters the value -1 gets extended to
		 * at least 16 bits.  If either nybble is invalid, the
		 * resulting 't' will be < 0.
		 */
		t = (((duk_int_t) duk_hex_dectab[inp[i]]) << 4) |
		    ((duk_int_t) duk_hex_dectab[inp[i + 1]]);
		if (DUK_UNLIKELY(t < 0)) {
			goto type_error;
		}
		buf[i >> 1] = (duk_uint8_t) t;
	}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_HEX_FASTPATH */

	duk_replace(ctx, index);
	return;

 type_error:
	DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, DUK_STR_DECODE_FAILED);
}

DUK_EXTERNAL const char *duk_json_encode(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
#ifdef DUK_USE_ASSERTIONS
	duk_idx_t top_at_entry;
#endif
	const char *ret;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
#ifdef DUK_USE_ASSERTIONS
	top_at_entry = duk_get_top(ctx);
#endif

	index = duk_require_normalize_index(ctx, index);
	duk_bi_json_stringify_helper(ctx,
	                             index /*idx_value*/,
	                             DUK_INVALID_INDEX /*idx_replacer*/,
	                             DUK_INVALID_INDEX /*idx_space*/,
	                             0 /*flags*/);
	DUK_ASSERT(duk_is_string(ctx, -1));
	duk_replace(ctx, index);
	ret = duk_get_string(ctx, index);

	DUK_ASSERT(duk_get_top(ctx) == top_at_entry);

	return ret;
}

DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_json_decode(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
#ifdef DUK_USE_ASSERTIONS
	duk_idx_t top_at_entry;
#endif

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
#ifdef DUK_USE_ASSERTIONS
	top_at_entry = duk_get_top(ctx);
#endif

	index = duk_require_normalize_index(ctx, index);
	duk_bi_json_parse_helper(ctx,
	                         index /*idx_value*/,
	                         DUK_INVALID_INDEX /*idx_reviver*/,
	                         0 /*flags*/);
	duk_replace(ctx, index);

	DUK_ASSERT(duk_get_top(ctx) == top_at_entry);
}
/*
 *  Compilation and evaluation
 */

/* include removed: duk_internal.h */

typedef struct duk__compile_raw_args duk__compile_raw_args;
struct duk__compile_raw_args {
	duk_size_t src_length;  /* should be first on 64-bit platforms */
	const duk_uint8_t *src_buffer;
	duk_uint_t flags;
};

/* Eval is just a wrapper now. */
DUK_EXTERNAL duk_int_t duk_eval_raw(duk_context *ctx, const char *src_buffer, duk_size_t src_length, duk_uint_t flags) {
	duk_uint_t comp_flags;
	duk_int_t rc;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	/* Note: strictness is *not* inherited from the current Duktape/C.
	 * This would be confusing because the current strictness state
	 * depends on whether we're running inside a Duktape/C activation
	 * (= strict mode) or outside of any activation (= non-strict mode).
	 * See tests/api/test-eval-strictness.c for more discussion.
	 */

	/* [ ... source? filename? ] (depends on flags) */

	comp_flags = flags;
	comp_flags |= DUK_COMPILE_EVAL;
	rc = duk_compile_raw(ctx, src_buffer, src_length, comp_flags);  /* may be safe, or non-safe depending on flags */

	/* [ ... closure/error ] */

	if (rc != DUK_EXEC_SUCCESS) {
		rc = DUK_EXEC_ERROR;
		goto got_rc;
	}

	duk_push_global_object(ctx);  /* explicit 'this' binding, see GH-164 */

	if (flags & DUK_COMPILE_SAFE) {
		rc = duk_pcall_method(ctx, 0);
	} else {
		duk_call_method(ctx, 0);
		rc = DUK_EXEC_SUCCESS;
	}

	/* [ ... result/error ] */

 got_rc:
	if (flags & DUK_COMPILE_NORESULT) {
		duk_pop(ctx);
	}

	return rc;
}

/* Helper which can be called both directly and with duk_safe_call(). */
DUK_LOCAL duk_ret_t duk__do_compile(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk__compile_raw_args *comp_args;
	duk_uint_t flags;
	duk_small_uint_t comp_flags;
	duk_hcompiledfunction *h_templ;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	/* Note: strictness is not inherited from the current Duktape/C
	 * context.  Otherwise it would not be possible to compile
	 * non-strict code inside a Duktape/C activation (which is
	 * always strict now).  See tests/api/test-eval-strictness.c
	 * for discussion.
	 */

	/* [ ... source? filename? &comp_args ] (depends on flags) */

	comp_args = (duk__compile_raw_args *) duk_require_pointer(ctx, -1);
	flags = comp_args->flags;
	duk_pop(ctx);

	/* [ ... source? filename? ] */

	if (flags & DUK_COMPILE_NOFILENAME) {
		/* Automatic filename: 'eval' or 'input'. */
		duk_push_hstring_stridx(ctx, (flags & DUK_COMPILE_EVAL) ? DUK_STRIDX_EVAL : DUK_STRIDX_INPUT);
	}

	/* [ ... source? filename ] */

	if (!comp_args->src_buffer) {
		duk_hstring *h_sourcecode;

		h_sourcecode = duk_get_hstring(ctx, -2);
		if ((flags & DUK_COMPILE_NOSOURCE) ||  /* args incorrect */
		    (h_sourcecode == NULL)) {          /* e.g. duk_push_string_file_raw() pushed undefined */
			/* XXX: when this error is caused by a nonexistent
			 * file given to duk_peval_file() or similar, the
			 * error message is not the best possible.
			 */
			DUK_ERROR_API(thr, DUK_STR_NO_SOURCECODE);
		}
		DUK_ASSERT(h_sourcecode != NULL);
		comp_args->src_buffer = (const duk_uint8_t *) DUK_HSTRING_GET_DATA(h_sourcecode);
		comp_args->src_length = (duk_size_t) DUK_HSTRING_GET_BYTELEN(h_sourcecode);
	}
	DUK_ASSERT(comp_args->src_buffer != NULL);

	/* XXX: unnecessary translation of flags */
	comp_flags = 0;
	if (flags & DUK_COMPILE_EVAL) {
		comp_flags |= DUK_JS_COMPILE_FLAG_EVAL;
	}
	if (flags & DUK_COMPILE_FUNCTION) {
		comp_flags |= DUK_JS_COMPILE_FLAG_EVAL |
		              DUK_JS_COMPILE_FLAG_FUNCEXPR;
	}
	if (flags & DUK_COMPILE_STRICT) {
		comp_flags |= DUK_JS_COMPILE_FLAG_STRICT;
	}

	/* [ ... source? filename ] */

	duk_js_compile(thr, comp_args->src_buffer, comp_args->src_length, comp_flags);

	/* [ ... source? func_template ] */

	if (flags & DUK_COMPILE_NOSOURCE) {
		;
	} else {
		duk_remove(ctx, -2);
	}

	/* [ ... func_template ] */

	h_templ = (duk_hcompiledfunction *) duk_get_hobject(ctx, -1);
	DUK_ASSERT(h_templ != NULL);
	duk_js_push_closure(thr,
	                   h_templ,
	                   thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_GLOBAL_ENV],
	                   thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_GLOBAL_ENV],
	                   1 /*add_auto_proto*/);
	duk_remove(ctx, -2);   /* -> [ ... closure ] */

	/* [ ... closure ] */

	return 1;
}

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_int_t duk_compile_raw(duk_context *ctx, const char *src_buffer, duk_size_t src_length, duk_uint_t flags) {
	duk__compile_raw_args comp_args_alloc;
	duk__compile_raw_args *comp_args = &comp_args_alloc;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	if ((flags & DUK_COMPILE_STRLEN) && (src_buffer != NULL)) {
		/* String length is computed here to avoid multiple evaluation
		 * of a macro argument in the calling side.
		 */
		src_length = DUK_STRLEN(src_buffer);
	}

	comp_args->src_buffer = (const duk_uint8_t *) src_buffer;
	comp_args->src_length = src_length;
	comp_args->flags = flags;
	duk_push_pointer(ctx, (void *) comp_args);

	/* [ ... source? filename? &comp_args ] (depends on flags) */

	if (flags & DUK_COMPILE_SAFE) {
		duk_int_t rc;
		duk_int_t nargs;
		duk_int_t nrets = 1;

		/* Arguments can be: [ source? filename? &comp_args] so that
		 * nargs is 1 to 3.  Call site encodes the correct nargs count
		 * directly into flags.
		 */
		nargs = flags & 0x07;
		DUK_ASSERT(nargs == (1 +
		                     ((flags & DUK_COMPILE_NOSOURCE) ? 0 : 1) +
		                     ((flags & DUK_COMPILE_NOFILENAME) ? 0 : 1)));
		rc = duk_safe_call(ctx, duk__do_compile, nargs, nrets);

		/* [ ... closure ] */
		return rc;
	}

	(void) duk__do_compile(ctx);

	/* [ ... closure ] */
	return DUK_EXEC_SUCCESS;
}
/*
 *  Debugging related API calls
 */

/* include removed: duk_internal.h */

DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_push_context_dump(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_idx_t idx;
	duk_idx_t top;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	/* We don't duk_require_stack() here now, but rely on the caller having
	 * enough space.
	 */

	top = duk_get_top(ctx);
	duk_push_array(ctx);
	for (idx = 0; idx < top; idx++) {
		duk_dup(ctx, idx);
		duk_put_prop_index(ctx, -2, idx);
	}

	/* XXX: conversion errors should not propagate outwards.
	 * Perhaps values need to be coerced individually?
	 */
	duk_bi_json_stringify_helper(ctx,
	                             duk_get_top_index(ctx),  /*idx_value*/
	                             DUK_INVALID_INDEX,  /*idx_replacer*/
	                             DUK_INVALID_INDEX,  /*idx_space*/
	                             DUK_JSON_FLAG_EXT_CUSTOM |
	                             DUK_JSON_FLAG_ASCII_ONLY |
	                             DUK_JSON_FLAG_AVOID_KEY_QUOTES /*flags*/);

	duk_push_sprintf(ctx, "ctx: top=%ld, stack=%s", (long) top, (const char *) duk_safe_to_string(ctx, -1));
	duk_replace(ctx, -3);  /* [ ... arr jsonx(arr) res ] -> [ ... res jsonx(arr) ] */
	duk_pop(ctx);
	DUK_ASSERT(duk_is_string(ctx, -1));
}

#if defined(DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_SUPPORT)

DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_debugger_attach_custom(duk_context *ctx,
                                             duk_debug_read_function read_cb,
                                             duk_debug_write_function write_cb,
                                             duk_debug_peek_function peek_cb,
                                             duk_debug_read_flush_function read_flush_cb,
                                             duk_debug_write_flush_function write_flush_cb,
                                             duk_debug_request_function request_cb,
                                             duk_debug_detached_function detached_cb,
                                             void *udata) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_heap *heap;
	const char *str;
	duk_size_t len;

	/* XXX: should there be an error or an automatic detach if
	 * already attached?
	 */

	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("application called duk_debugger_attach()"));

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	DUK_ASSERT(read_cb != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(write_cb != NULL);
	/* Other callbacks are optional. */

	heap = thr->heap;
	heap->dbg_read_cb = read_cb;
	heap->dbg_write_cb = write_cb;
	heap->dbg_peek_cb = peek_cb;
	heap->dbg_read_flush_cb = read_flush_cb;
	heap->dbg_write_flush_cb = write_flush_cb;
	heap->dbg_request_cb = request_cb;
	heap->dbg_detached_cb = detached_cb;
	heap->dbg_udata = udata;
	heap->dbg_have_next_byte = 0;

	/* Start in paused state. */
	heap->dbg_processing = 0;
	heap->dbg_paused = 1;
	heap->dbg_state_dirty = 1;
	heap->dbg_force_restart = 0;
	heap->dbg_step_type = 0;
	heap->dbg_step_thread = NULL;
	heap->dbg_step_csindex = 0;
	heap->dbg_step_startline = 0;
	heap->dbg_exec_counter = 0;
	heap->dbg_last_counter = 0;
	heap->dbg_last_time = 0.0;

	/* Send version identification and flush right afterwards.  Note that
	 * we must write raw, unframed bytes here.
	 */
	duk_push_sprintf(ctx, "%ld %ld %s %s\n",
	                 (long) DUK_DEBUG_PROTOCOL_VERSION,
	                 (long) DUK_VERSION,
	                 (const char *) DUK_GIT_DESCRIBE,
	                 (const char *) DUK_USE_TARGET_INFO);
	str = duk_get_lstring(ctx, -1, &len);
	DUK_ASSERT(str != NULL);
	duk_debug_write_bytes(thr, (const duk_uint8_t *) str, len);
	duk_debug_write_flush(thr);
	duk_pop(ctx);
}

DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_debugger_detach(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hthread *thr;

	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("application called duk_debugger_detach()"));

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->heap != NULL);

	/* Can be called multiple times with no harm. */
	duk_debug_do_detach(thr->heap);
}

DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_debugger_cooperate(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hthread *thr;
	duk_bool_t processed_messages;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->heap != NULL);

	if (!DUK_HEAP_IS_DEBUGGER_ATTACHED(thr->heap)) {
		return;
	}
	if (thr->callstack_top > 0 || thr->heap->dbg_processing) {
		/* Calling duk_debugger_cooperate() while Duktape is being
		 * called into is not supported.  This is not a 100% check
		 * but prevents any damage in most cases.
		 */
		return;
	}

	processed_messages = duk_debug_process_messages(thr, 1 /*no_block*/);
	DUK_UNREF(processed_messages);
}

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_debugger_notify(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t nvalues) {
	duk_hthread *thr;
	duk_idx_t top;
	duk_idx_t idx;
	duk_bool_t ret = 0;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->heap != NULL);

	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("application called duk_debugger_notify() with nvalues=%ld", (long) nvalues));

	top = duk_get_top(ctx);
	if (top < nvalues) {
		DUK_ERROR_API(thr, "not enough stack values for notify");
		return ret;  /* unreachable */
	}
	if (DUK_HEAP_IS_DEBUGGER_ATTACHED(thr->heap)) {
		duk_debug_write_notify(thr, DUK_DBG_CMD_APPNOTIFY);
		for (idx = top - nvalues; idx < top; idx++) {
			duk_tval *tv = DUK_GET_TVAL_POSIDX(ctx, idx);
			duk_debug_write_tval(thr, tv);
		}
		duk_debug_write_eom(thr);

		/* Return non-zero (true) if we have a good reason to believe
		 * the notify was delivered; if we're still attached at least
		 * a transport error was not indicated by the transport write
		 * callback.  This is not a 100% guarantee of course.
		 */
		if (DUK_HEAP_IS_DEBUGGER_ATTACHED(thr->heap)) {
			ret = 1;
		}
	}
	duk_pop_n(ctx, nvalues);
	return ret;
}

DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_debugger_pause(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hthread *thr;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->heap != NULL);

	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("application called duk_debugger_pause()"));

	/* Treat like a debugger statement: ignore when not attached. */
	if (DUK_HEAP_IS_DEBUGGER_ATTACHED(thr->heap)) {
		DUK_HEAP_SET_PAUSED(thr->heap);

		/* Pause on the next opcode executed.  This is always safe to do even
		 * inside the debugger message loop: the interrupt counter will be reset
		 * to its proper value when the message loop exits.
		 */
		thr->interrupt_init = 1;
		thr->interrupt_counter = 0;
	}
}

#else  /* DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_SUPPORT */

DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_debugger_attach_custom(duk_context *ctx,
                                             duk_debug_read_function read_cb,
                                             duk_debug_write_function write_cb,
                                             duk_debug_peek_function peek_cb,
                                             duk_debug_read_flush_function read_flush_cb,
                                             duk_debug_write_flush_function write_flush_cb,
                                             duk_debug_request_function request_cb,
                                             duk_debug_detached_function detached_cb,
                                             void *udata) {
	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	DUK_UNREF(read_cb);
	DUK_UNREF(write_cb);
	DUK_UNREF(peek_cb);
	DUK_UNREF(read_flush_cb);
	DUK_UNREF(write_flush_cb);
	DUK_UNREF(request_cb);
	DUK_UNREF(detached_cb);
	DUK_UNREF(udata);
	DUK_ERROR_API((duk_hthread *) ctx, "no debugger support");
}

DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_debugger_detach(duk_context *ctx) {
	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	DUK_ERROR_API((duk_hthread *) ctx, "no debugger support");
}

DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_debugger_cooperate(duk_context *ctx) {
	/* nop */
	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	DUK_UNREF(ctx);
}

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_debugger_notify(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t nvalues) {
	duk_idx_t top;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	top = duk_get_top(ctx);
	if (top < nvalues) {
		DUK_ERROR_API((duk_hthread *) ctx, "not enough stack values for notify");
		return 0;  /* unreachable */
	}

	/* No debugger support, just pop values. */
	duk_pop_n(ctx, nvalues);
	return 0;
}

DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_debugger_pause(duk_context *ctx) {
	/* Treat like debugger statement: nop */
	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	DUK_UNREF(ctx);
}

#endif  /* DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_SUPPORT */
/*
 *  Heap creation and destruction
 */

/* include removed: duk_internal.h */

DUK_EXTERNAL
duk_context *duk_create_heap(duk_alloc_function alloc_func,
                             duk_realloc_function realloc_func,
                             duk_free_function free_func,
                             void *heap_udata,
                             duk_fatal_function fatal_handler) {
	duk_heap *heap = NULL;
	duk_context *ctx;

	/* Assume that either all memory funcs are NULL or non-NULL, mixed
	 * cases will now be unsafe.
	 */

	/* XXX: just assert non-NULL values here and make caller arguments
	 * do the defaulting to the default implementations (smaller code)?
	 */

	if (!alloc_func) {
		DUK_ASSERT(realloc_func == NULL);
		DUK_ASSERT(free_func == NULL);
#if defined(DUK_USE_PROVIDE_DEFAULT_ALLOC_FUNCTIONS)
		alloc_func = duk_default_alloc_function;
		realloc_func = duk_default_realloc_function;
		free_func = duk_default_free_function;
#else
		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("no allocation functions given and no default providers"));
		return NULL;
#endif
	} else {
		DUK_ASSERT(realloc_func != NULL);
		DUK_ASSERT(free_func != NULL);
	}

	if (!fatal_handler) {
		fatal_handler = duk_default_fatal_handler;
	}

	DUK_ASSERT(alloc_func != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(realloc_func != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(free_func != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(fatal_handler != NULL);

	heap = duk_heap_alloc(alloc_func, realloc_func, free_func, heap_udata, fatal_handler);
	if (!heap) {
		return NULL;
	}
	ctx = (duk_context *) heap->heap_thread;
	DUK_ASSERT(ctx != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(((duk_hthread *) ctx)->heap != NULL);
	return ctx;
}

DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_destroy_heap(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_heap *heap;

	if (!ctx) {
		return;
	}
	heap = thr->heap;
	DUK_ASSERT(heap != NULL);

	duk_heap_free(heap);
}

/* XXX: better place for this */
DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_set_global_object(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_hobject *h_glob;
	duk_hobject *h_prev_glob;
	duk_hobject *h_env;
	duk_hobject *h_prev_env;

	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("replace global object with: %!T", duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));

	h_glob = duk_require_hobject(ctx, -1);
	DUK_ASSERT(h_glob != NULL);

	/*
	 *  Replace global object.
	 */

	h_prev_glob = thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_GLOBAL];
	DUK_UNREF(h_prev_glob);
	thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_GLOBAL] = h_glob;
	DUK_HOBJECT_INCREF(thr, h_glob);
	DUK_HOBJECT_DECREF_ALLOWNULL(thr, h_prev_glob);  /* side effects, in theory (referenced by global env) */

	/*
	 *  Replace lexical environment for global scope
	 *
	 *  Create a new object environment for the global lexical scope.
	 *  We can't just reset the _Target property of the current one,
	 *  because the lexical scope is shared by other threads with the
	 *  same (initial) built-ins.
	 */

	(void) duk_push_object_helper(ctx,
	                              DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXTENSIBLE |
	                              DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_AS_FLAGS(DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_OBJENV),
	                              -1);  /* no prototype, updated below */

	duk_dup(ctx, -2);
	duk_dup(ctx, -3);

	/* [ ... new_glob new_env new_glob new_glob ] */

	duk_xdef_prop_stridx(thr, -3, DUK_STRIDX_INT_TARGET, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_NONE);
	duk_xdef_prop_stridx(thr, -2, DUK_STRIDX_INT_THIS, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_NONE);

	/* [ ... new_glob new_env ] */

	h_env = duk_get_hobject(ctx, -1);
	DUK_ASSERT(h_env != NULL);

	h_prev_env = thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_GLOBAL_ENV];
	thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_GLOBAL_ENV] = h_env;
	DUK_HOBJECT_INCREF(thr, h_env);
	DUK_HOBJECT_DECREF_ALLOWNULL(thr, h_prev_env);  /* side effects */
	DUK_UNREF(h_env);  /* without refcounts */
	DUK_UNREF(h_prev_env);

	/* [ ... new_glob new_env ] */

	duk_pop_2(ctx);

	/* [ ... ] */
}
/*
 *  Logging
 *
 *  Current logging primitive is a sprintf-style log which is convenient
 *  for most C code.  Another useful primitive would be to log N arguments
 *  from value stack (like the Ecmascript binding does).
 */

/* include removed: duk_internal.h */

DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_log_va(duk_context *ctx, duk_int_t level, const char *fmt, va_list ap) {
	/* stridx_logfunc[] must be static to allow initializer with old compilers like BCC */
	static const duk_uint16_t stridx_logfunc[6] = {
		DUK_STRIDX_LC_TRACE, DUK_STRIDX_LC_DEBUG, DUK_STRIDX_LC_INFO,
		DUK_STRIDX_LC_WARN, DUK_STRIDX_LC_ERROR, DUK_STRIDX_LC_FATAL
	};

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	if (level < 0) {
		level = 0;
	} else if (level > (int) (sizeof(stridx_logfunc) / sizeof(duk_uint16_t)) - 1) {
		level = (int) (sizeof(stridx_logfunc) / sizeof(duk_uint16_t)) - 1;
	}

	duk_push_hobject_bidx(ctx, DUK_BIDX_LOGGER_CONSTRUCTOR);
	duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, -1, DUK_STRIDX_CLOG);
	duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, -1, stridx_logfunc[level]);
	duk_dup(ctx, -2);

	/* [ ... Logger clog logfunc clog ] */

	duk_push_vsprintf(ctx, fmt, ap);

	/* [ ... Logger clog logfunc clog(=this) msg ] */

	duk_call_method(ctx, 1 /*nargs*/);

	/* [ ... Logger clog res ] */

	duk_pop_3(ctx);
}

DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_log(duk_context *ctx, duk_int_t level, const char *fmt, ...) {
	va_list ap;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	va_start(ap, fmt);
	duk_log_va(ctx, level, fmt, ap);
	va_end(ap);
}
/*
 *  Memory calls.
 */

/* include removed: duk_internal.h */

DUK_EXTERNAL void *duk_alloc_raw(duk_context *ctx, duk_size_t size) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	return DUK_ALLOC_RAW(thr->heap, size);
}

DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_free_raw(duk_context *ctx, void *ptr) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	DUK_FREE_RAW(thr->heap, ptr);
}

DUK_EXTERNAL void *duk_realloc_raw(duk_context *ctx, void *ptr, duk_size_t size) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	return DUK_REALLOC_RAW(thr->heap, ptr, size);
}

DUK_EXTERNAL void *duk_alloc(duk_context *ctx, duk_size_t size) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	return DUK_ALLOC(thr->heap, size);
}

DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_free(duk_context *ctx, void *ptr) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	DUK_FREE(thr->heap, ptr);
}

DUK_EXTERNAL void *duk_realloc(duk_context *ctx, void *ptr, duk_size_t size) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	/*
	 *  Note: since this is an exposed API call, there should be
	 *  no way a mark-and-sweep could have a side effect on the
	 *  memory allocation behind 'ptr'; the pointer should never
	 *  be something that Duktape wants to change.
	 *
	 *  Thus, no need to use DUK_REALLOC_INDIRECT (and we don't
	 *  have the storage location here anyway).
	 */

	return DUK_REALLOC(thr->heap, ptr, size);
}

DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_get_memory_functions(duk_context *ctx, duk_memory_functions *out_funcs) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_heap *heap;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	DUK_ASSERT(out_funcs != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->heap != NULL);

	heap = thr->heap;
	out_funcs->alloc_func = heap->alloc_func;
	out_funcs->realloc_func = heap->realloc_func;
	out_funcs->free_func = heap->free_func;
	out_funcs->udata = heap->heap_udata;
}

DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_gc(duk_context *ctx, duk_uint_t flags) {
#ifdef DUK_USE_MARK_AND_SWEEP
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_heap *heap;

	DUK_UNREF(flags);

	/* NULL accepted */
	if (!ctx) {
		return;
	}
	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	heap = thr->heap;
	DUK_ASSERT(heap != NULL);

	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("mark-and-sweep requested by application"));
	duk_heap_mark_and_sweep(heap, 0);
#else
	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("mark-and-sweep requested by application but mark-and-sweep not enabled, ignoring"));
	DUK_UNREF(ctx);
	DUK_UNREF(flags);
#endif
}
/*
 *  Object handling: property access and other support functions.
 */

/* include removed: duk_internal.h */

/*
 *  Property handling
 *
 *  The API exposes only the most common property handling functions.
 *  The caller can invoke Ecmascript built-ins for full control (e.g.
 *  defineProperty, getOwnPropertyDescriptor).
 */

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_get_prop(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t obj_index) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_tval *tv_obj;
	duk_tval *tv_key;
	duk_bool_t rc;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	/* Note: copying tv_obj and tv_key to locals to shield against a valstack
	 * resize is not necessary for a property get right now.
	 */

	tv_obj = duk_require_tval(ctx, obj_index);
	tv_key = duk_require_tval(ctx, -1);

	rc = duk_hobject_getprop(thr, tv_obj, tv_key);
	DUK_ASSERT(rc == 0 || rc == 1);
	/* a value is left on stack regardless of rc */

	duk_remove(ctx, -2);  /* remove key */
	return rc;  /* 1 if property found, 0 otherwise */
}

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_get_prop_string(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t obj_index, const char *key) {
	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	DUK_ASSERT(key != NULL);

	obj_index = duk_require_normalize_index(ctx, obj_index);
	duk_push_string(ctx, key);
	return duk_get_prop(ctx, obj_index);
}

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_get_prop_index(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t obj_index, duk_uarridx_t arr_index) {
	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	obj_index = duk_require_normalize_index(ctx, obj_index);
	duk_push_uarridx(ctx, arr_index);
	return duk_get_prop(ctx, obj_index);
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_get_prop_stridx(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t obj_index, duk_small_int_t stridx) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(stridx >= 0);
	DUK_ASSERT(stridx < DUK_HEAP_NUM_STRINGS);
	DUK_UNREF(thr);

	obj_index = duk_require_normalize_index(ctx, obj_index);
	duk_push_hstring(ctx, DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING(thr, stridx));
	return duk_get_prop(ctx, obj_index);
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_get_prop_stridx_boolean(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t obj_index, duk_small_int_t stridx, duk_bool_t *out_has_prop) {
	duk_bool_t rc;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(stridx >= 0);
	DUK_ASSERT(stridx < DUK_HEAP_NUM_STRINGS);

	rc = duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, obj_index, stridx);
	if (out_has_prop) {
		*out_has_prop = rc;
	}
	rc = duk_to_boolean(ctx, -1);
	DUK_ASSERT(rc == 0 || rc == 1);
	duk_pop(ctx);
	return rc;
}

DUK_LOCAL duk_bool_t duk__put_prop_shared(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t obj_idx, duk_idx_t idx_key) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_tval *tv_obj;
	duk_tval *tv_key;
	duk_tval *tv_val;
	duk_small_int_t throw_flag;
	duk_bool_t rc;

	/* Note: copying tv_obj and tv_key to locals to shield against a valstack
	 * resize is not necessary for a property put right now (putprop protects
	 * against it internally).
	 */

	/* Key and value indices are either (-2, -1) or (-1, -2).  Given idx_key,
	 * idx_val is always (idx_key ^ 0x01).
	 */
	DUK_ASSERT((idx_key == -2 && (idx_key ^ 1) == -1) ||
	           (idx_key == -1 && (idx_key ^ 1) == -2));
	tv_obj = duk_require_tval(ctx, obj_idx);
	tv_key = duk_require_tval(ctx, idx_key);
	tv_val = duk_require_tval(ctx, idx_key ^ 1);
	throw_flag = duk_is_strict_call(ctx);

	rc = duk_hobject_putprop(thr, tv_obj, tv_key, tv_val, throw_flag);
	DUK_ASSERT(rc == 0 || rc == 1);

	duk_pop_2(ctx);  /* remove key and value */
	return rc;  /* 1 if property found, 0 otherwise */
}

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_put_prop(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t obj_idx) {
	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	return duk__put_prop_shared(ctx, obj_idx, -2);
}

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_put_prop_string(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t obj_idx, const char *key) {
	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	DUK_ASSERT(key != NULL);

	/* Careful here and with other duk_put_prop_xxx() helpers: the
	 * target object and the property value may be in the same value
	 * stack slot (unusual, but still conceptually clear).
	 */
	obj_idx = duk_normalize_index(ctx, obj_idx);
	(void) duk_push_string(ctx, key);
	return duk__put_prop_shared(ctx, obj_idx, -1);
}

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_put_prop_index(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t obj_idx, duk_uarridx_t arr_idx) {
	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	obj_idx = duk_require_normalize_index(ctx, obj_idx);
	duk_push_uarridx(ctx, arr_idx);
	return duk__put_prop_shared(ctx, obj_idx, -1);
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_put_prop_stridx(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t obj_idx, duk_small_int_t stridx) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(stridx >= 0);
	DUK_ASSERT(stridx < DUK_HEAP_NUM_STRINGS);
	DUK_UNREF(thr);

	obj_idx = duk_require_normalize_index(ctx, obj_idx);
	duk_push_hstring(ctx, DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING(thr, stridx));
	return duk__put_prop_shared(ctx, obj_idx, -1);
}

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_del_prop(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t obj_index) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_tval *tv_obj;
	duk_tval *tv_key;
	duk_small_int_t throw_flag;
	duk_bool_t rc;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	/* Note: copying tv_obj and tv_key to locals to shield against a valstack
	 * resize is not necessary for a property delete right now.
	 */

	tv_obj = duk_require_tval(ctx, obj_index);
	tv_key = duk_require_tval(ctx, -1);
	throw_flag = duk_is_strict_call(ctx);

	rc = duk_hobject_delprop(thr, tv_obj, tv_key, throw_flag);
	DUK_ASSERT(rc == 0 || rc == 1);

	duk_pop(ctx);  /* remove key */
	return rc;
}

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_del_prop_string(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t obj_index, const char *key) {
	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	DUK_ASSERT(key != NULL);

	obj_index = duk_require_normalize_index(ctx, obj_index);
	duk_push_string(ctx, key);
	return duk_del_prop(ctx, obj_index);
}

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_del_prop_index(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t obj_index, duk_uarridx_t arr_index) {
	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	obj_index = duk_require_normalize_index(ctx, obj_index);
	duk_push_uarridx(ctx, arr_index);
	return duk_del_prop(ctx, obj_index);
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_del_prop_stridx(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t obj_index, duk_small_int_t stridx) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(stridx >= 0);
	DUK_ASSERT(stridx < DUK_HEAP_NUM_STRINGS);
	DUK_UNREF(thr);

	obj_index = duk_require_normalize_index(ctx, obj_index);
	duk_push_hstring(ctx, DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING(thr, stridx));
	return duk_del_prop(ctx, obj_index);
}

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_has_prop(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t obj_index) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_tval *tv_obj;
	duk_tval *tv_key;
	duk_bool_t rc;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	/* Note: copying tv_obj and tv_key to locals to shield against a valstack
	 * resize is not necessary for a property existence check right now.
	 */

	tv_obj = duk_require_tval(ctx, obj_index);
	tv_key = duk_require_tval(ctx, -1);

	rc = duk_hobject_hasprop(thr, tv_obj, tv_key);
	DUK_ASSERT(rc == 0 || rc == 1);

	duk_pop(ctx);  /* remove key */
	return rc;  /* 1 if property found, 0 otherwise */
}

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_has_prop_string(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t obj_index, const char *key) {
	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	DUK_ASSERT(key != NULL);

	obj_index = duk_require_normalize_index(ctx, obj_index);
	duk_push_string(ctx, key);
	return duk_has_prop(ctx, obj_index);
}

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_has_prop_index(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t obj_index, duk_uarridx_t arr_index) {
	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	obj_index = duk_require_normalize_index(ctx, obj_index);
	duk_push_uarridx(ctx, arr_index);
	return duk_has_prop(ctx, obj_index);
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_has_prop_stridx(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t obj_index, duk_small_int_t stridx) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(stridx >= 0);
	DUK_ASSERT(stridx < DUK_HEAP_NUM_STRINGS);
	DUK_UNREF(thr);

	obj_index = duk_require_normalize_index(ctx, obj_index);
	duk_push_hstring(ctx, DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING(thr, stridx));
	return duk_has_prop(ctx, obj_index);
}

/* Define own property without inheritance looks and such.  This differs from
 * [[DefineOwnProperty]] because special behaviors (like Array 'length') are
 * not invoked by this method.  The caller must be careful to invoke any such
 * behaviors if necessary.
 */
DUK_INTERNAL void duk_xdef_prop(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t obj_index, duk_small_uint_t desc_flags) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_hobject *obj;
	duk_hstring *key;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	obj = duk_require_hobject(ctx, obj_index);
	DUK_ASSERT(obj != NULL);
	key = duk_to_hstring(ctx, -2);
	DUK_ASSERT(key != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(duk_require_tval(ctx, -1) != NULL);

	duk_hobject_define_property_internal(thr, obj, key, desc_flags);

	duk_pop(ctx);  /* pop key */
}

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_xdef_prop_index(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t obj_index, duk_uarridx_t arr_index, duk_small_uint_t desc_flags) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_hobject *obj;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	obj = duk_require_hobject(ctx, obj_index);
	DUK_ASSERT(obj != NULL);

	duk_hobject_define_property_internal_arridx(thr, obj, arr_index, desc_flags);
	/* value popped by call */
}

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_xdef_prop_stridx(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t obj_index, duk_small_int_t stridx, duk_small_uint_t desc_flags) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_hobject *obj;
	duk_hstring *key;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(stridx >= 0);
	DUK_ASSERT(stridx < DUK_HEAP_NUM_STRINGS);

	obj = duk_require_hobject(ctx, obj_index);
	DUK_ASSERT(obj != NULL);
	key = DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING(thr, stridx);
	DUK_ASSERT(key != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(duk_require_tval(ctx, -1) != NULL);

	duk_hobject_define_property_internal(thr, obj, key, desc_flags);
	/* value popped by call */
}

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_xdef_prop_stridx_builtin(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t obj_index, duk_small_int_t stridx, duk_small_int_t builtin_idx, duk_small_uint_t desc_flags) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_hobject *obj;
	duk_hstring *key;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(stridx >= 0);
	DUK_ASSERT(stridx < DUK_HEAP_NUM_STRINGS);
	DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(builtin_idx >= 0);
	DUK_ASSERT(builtin_idx < DUK_NUM_BUILTINS);

	obj = duk_require_hobject(ctx, obj_index);
	DUK_ASSERT(obj != NULL);
	key = DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING(thr, stridx);
	DUK_ASSERT(key != NULL);

	duk_push_hobject(ctx, thr->builtins[builtin_idx]);
	duk_hobject_define_property_internal(thr, obj, key, desc_flags);
	/* value popped by call */
}

/* This is a rare property helper; it sets the global thrower (E5 Section 13.2.3)
 * setter/getter into an object property.  This is needed by the 'arguments'
 * object creation code, function instance creation code, and Function.prototype.bind().
 */

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_xdef_prop_stridx_thrower(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t obj_index, duk_small_int_t stridx, duk_small_uint_t desc_flags) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_hobject *obj = duk_require_hobject(ctx, obj_index);
	duk_hobject *thrower = thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_TYPE_ERROR_THROWER];
	duk_hobject_define_accessor_internal(thr, obj, DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING(thr, stridx), thrower, thrower, desc_flags);
}

/* Object.defineProperty() equivalent C binding. */
DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_def_prop(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t obj_index, duk_uint_t flags) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_idx_t idx_base;
	duk_hobject *obj;
	duk_hstring *key;
	duk_idx_t idx_value;
	duk_hobject *get;
	duk_hobject *set;
	duk_uint_t is_data_desc;
	duk_uint_t is_acc_desc;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	obj = duk_require_hobject(ctx, obj_index);

	is_data_desc = flags & (DUK_DEFPROP_HAVE_VALUE | DUK_DEFPROP_HAVE_WRITABLE);
	is_acc_desc = flags & (DUK_DEFPROP_HAVE_GETTER | DUK_DEFPROP_HAVE_SETTER);
	if (is_data_desc && is_acc_desc) {
		/* "Have" flags must not be conflicting so that they would
		 * apply to both a plain property and an accessor at the same
		 * time.
		 */
		goto fail_invalid_desc;
	}

	idx_base = duk_get_top_index(ctx);
	if (flags & DUK_DEFPROP_HAVE_SETTER) {
		duk_require_type_mask(ctx, idx_base, DUK_TYPE_MASK_UNDEFINED |
		                                     DUK_TYPE_MASK_OBJECT |
		                                     DUK_TYPE_MASK_LIGHTFUNC);
		set = duk_get_hobject_or_lfunc_coerce(ctx, idx_base);
		if (set != NULL && !DUK_HOBJECT_IS_CALLABLE(set)) {
			goto fail_not_callable;
		}
		idx_base--;
	} else {
		set = NULL;
	}
	if (flags & DUK_DEFPROP_HAVE_GETTER) {
		duk_require_type_mask(ctx, idx_base, DUK_TYPE_MASK_UNDEFINED |
		                                     DUK_TYPE_MASK_OBJECT |
		                                     DUK_TYPE_MASK_LIGHTFUNC);
		get = duk_get_hobject_or_lfunc_coerce(ctx, idx_base);
		if (get != NULL && !DUK_HOBJECT_IS_CALLABLE(get)) {
			goto fail_not_callable;
		}
		idx_base--;
	} else {
		get = NULL;
	}
	if (flags & DUK_DEFPROP_HAVE_VALUE) {
		idx_value = idx_base;
		idx_base--;
	} else {
		idx_value = (duk_idx_t) -1;
	}
	key = duk_require_hstring(ctx, idx_base);

	duk_require_valid_index(ctx, idx_base);

	duk_hobject_define_property_helper(ctx,
	                                   flags /*defprop_flags*/,
	                                   obj,
	                                   key,
	                                   idx_value,
	                                   get,
	                                   set);

	/* Clean up stack */

	duk_set_top(ctx, idx_base);

	/* [ ... obj ... ] */

	return;

 fail_invalid_desc:
	DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, DUK_STR_INVALID_DESCRIPTOR);
	return;

 fail_not_callable:
	DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, DUK_STR_NOT_CALLABLE);
	return;
}

/*
 *  Object related
 *
 *  Note: seal() and freeze() are accessible through Ecmascript bindings,
 *  and are not exposed through the API.
 */

DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_compact(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t obj_index) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_hobject *obj;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	obj = duk_get_hobject(ctx, obj_index);
	if (obj) {
		/* Note: this may fail, caller should protect the call if necessary */
		duk_hobject_compact_props(thr, obj);
	}
}

/* XXX: the duk_hobject_enum.c stack APIs should be reworked */

DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_enum(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t obj_index, duk_uint_t enum_flags) {
	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	duk_dup(ctx, obj_index);
	duk_require_hobject_or_lfunc_coerce(ctx, -1);
	duk_hobject_enumerator_create(ctx, enum_flags);   /* [target] -> [enum] */
}

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_next(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t enum_index, duk_bool_t get_value) {
	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	duk_require_hobject(ctx, enum_index);
	duk_dup(ctx, enum_index);
	return duk_hobject_enumerator_next(ctx, get_value);
}

/*
 *  Helpers for writing multiple properties
 */

DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_put_function_list(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t obj_index, const duk_function_list_entry *funcs) {
	const duk_function_list_entry *ent = funcs;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	obj_index = duk_require_normalize_index(ctx, obj_index);
	if (ent != NULL) {
		while (ent->key != NULL) {
			duk_push_c_function(ctx, ent->value, ent->nargs);
			duk_put_prop_string(ctx, obj_index, ent->key);
			ent++;
		}
	}
}

DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_put_number_list(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t obj_index, const duk_number_list_entry *numbers) {
	const duk_number_list_entry *ent = numbers;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	obj_index = duk_require_normalize_index(ctx, obj_index);
	if (ent != NULL) {
		while (ent->key != NULL) {
			duk_push_number(ctx, ent->value);
			duk_put_prop_string(ctx, obj_index, ent->key);
			ent++;
		}
	}
}

/*
 *  Shortcut for accessing global object properties
 */

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_get_global_string(duk_context *ctx, const char *key) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_bool_t ret;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_GLOBAL] != NULL);

	/* XXX: direct implementation */

	duk_push_hobject(ctx, thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_GLOBAL]);
	ret = duk_get_prop_string(ctx, -1, key);
	duk_remove(ctx, -2);
	return ret;
}

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_put_global_string(duk_context *ctx, const char *key) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_bool_t ret;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_GLOBAL] != NULL);

	/* XXX: direct implementation */

	duk_push_hobject(ctx, thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_GLOBAL]);
	duk_insert(ctx, -2);
	ret = duk_put_prop_string(ctx, -2, key);  /* [ ... global val ] -> [ ... global ] */
	duk_pop(ctx);
	return ret;
}

/*
 *  Object prototype
 */

DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_get_prototype(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_hobject *obj;
	duk_hobject *proto;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	DUK_UNREF(thr);

	obj = duk_require_hobject(ctx, index);
	DUK_ASSERT(obj != NULL);

	/* XXX: shared helper for duk_push_hobject_or_undefined()? */
	proto = DUK_HOBJECT_GET_PROTOTYPE(thr->heap, obj);
	if (proto) {
		duk_push_hobject(ctx, proto);
	} else {
		duk_push_undefined(ctx);
	}
}

DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_set_prototype(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_hobject *obj;
	duk_hobject *proto;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	obj = duk_require_hobject(ctx, index);
	DUK_ASSERT(obj != NULL);
	duk_require_type_mask(ctx, -1, DUK_TYPE_MASK_UNDEFINED |
	                               DUK_TYPE_MASK_OBJECT);
	proto = duk_get_hobject(ctx, -1);
	/* proto can also be NULL here (allowed explicitly) */

#if defined(DUK_USE_ROM_OBJECTS)
	if (DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_READONLY((duk_heaphdr *) obj)) {
		DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, DUK_STR_NOT_CONFIGURABLE);  /* XXX: "read only object"? */
		return;
	}
#endif

	DUK_HOBJECT_SET_PROTOTYPE_UPDREF(thr, obj, proto);

	duk_pop(ctx);
}

/*
 *  Object finalizer
 */

/* XXX: these could be implemented as macros calling an internal function
 * directly.
 * XXX: same issue as with Duktape.fin: there's no way to delete the property
 * now (just set it to undefined).
 */
DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_get_finalizer(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, index, DUK_STRIDX_INT_FINALIZER);
}

DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_set_finalizer(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	duk_put_prop_stridx(ctx, index, DUK_STRIDX_INT_FINALIZER);
}
/*
 *  API calls related to general value stack manipulation: resizing the value
 *  stack, pushing and popping values, type checking and reading values,
 *  coercing values, etc.
 *
 *  Also contains internal functions (such as duk_get_tval()), defined
 *  in duk_api_internal.h, with semantics similar to the public API.
 */

/* XXX: repetition of stack pre-checks -> helper or macro or inline */
/* XXX: shared api error strings, and perhaps even throw code for rare cases? */

/* include removed: duk_internal.h */

/*
 *  Forward declarations
 */

DUK_LOCAL_DECL duk_idx_t duk__push_c_function_raw(duk_context *ctx, duk_c_function func, duk_idx_t nargs, duk_uint_t flags);

/*
 *  Global state for working around missing variadic macros
 */

#ifndef DUK_USE_VARIADIC_MACROS
DUK_EXTERNAL const char *duk_api_global_filename = NULL;
DUK_EXTERNAL duk_int_t duk_api_global_line = 0;
#endif

/*
 *  Misc helpers
 */

/* Check that there's room to push one value. */
#if defined(DUK_USE_VALSTACK_UNSAFE)
/* Faster but value stack overruns are memory unsafe. */
#define DUK__CHECK_SPACE() do { \
		DUK_ASSERT(!(thr->valstack_top >= thr->valstack_end)); \
	} while (0)
#else
#define DUK__CHECK_SPACE() do { \
		if (DUK_UNLIKELY(thr->valstack_top >= thr->valstack_end)) { \
			DUK_ERROR_API(thr, DUK_STR_PUSH_BEYOND_ALLOC_STACK); \
		} \
	} while (0)
#endif

DUK_LOCAL_DECL duk_heaphdr *duk__get_tagged_heaphdr_raw(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index, duk_uint_t tag);

DUK_LOCAL duk_int_t duk__api_coerce_d2i(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index, duk_bool_t require) {
	duk_hthread *thr;
	duk_tval *tv;
	duk_small_int_t c;
	duk_double_t d;

	thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;

	tv = duk_get_tval(ctx, index);
	if (tv == NULL) {
		goto error_notnumber;
	}

	/*
	 *  Special cases like NaN and +/- Infinity are handled explicitly
	 *  because a plain C coercion from double to int handles these cases
	 *  in undesirable ways.  For instance, NaN may coerce to INT_MIN
	 *  (not zero), and INT_MAX + 1 may coerce to INT_MIN (not INT_MAX).
	 *
	 *  This double-to-int coercion differs from ToInteger() because it
	 *  has a finite range (ToInteger() allows e.g. +/- Infinity).  It
	 *  also differs from ToInt32() because the INT_MIN/INT_MAX clamping
	 *  depends on the size of the int type on the platform.  In particular,
	 *  on platforms with a 64-bit int type, the full range is allowed.
	 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
	if (DUK_TVAL_IS_FASTINT(tv)) {
		duk_int64_t t = DUK_TVAL_GET_FASTINT(tv);
#if (DUK_INT_MAX <= 0x7fffffffL)
		/* Clamping only necessary for 32-bit ints. */
		if (t < DUK_INT_MIN) {
			t = DUK_INT_MIN;
		} else if (t > DUK_INT_MAX) {
			t = DUK_INT_MAX;
		}
#endif
		return (duk_int_t) t;
	}
#endif

	if (DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv)) {
		d = DUK_TVAL_GET_NUMBER(tv);
		c = (duk_small_int_t) DUK_FPCLASSIFY(d);
		if (c == DUK_FP_NAN) {
			return 0;
		} else if (d < (duk_double_t) DUK_INT_MIN) {
			/* covers -Infinity */
			return DUK_INT_MIN;
		} else if (d > (duk_double_t) DUK_INT_MAX) {
			/* covers +Infinity */
			return DUK_INT_MAX;
		} else {
			/* coerce towards zero */
			return (duk_int_t) d;
		}
	}

 error_notnumber:

	if (require) {
		DUK_ERROR_REQUIRE_TYPE_INDEX(thr, index, "number", DUK_STR_NOT_NUMBER);
		/* not reachable */
	}
	return 0;
}

DUK_LOCAL duk_uint_t duk__api_coerce_d2ui(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index, duk_bool_t require) {
	duk_hthread *thr;
	duk_tval *tv;
	duk_small_int_t c;
	duk_double_t d;

	/* Same as above but for unsigned int range. */

	thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;

	tv = duk_get_tval(ctx, index);
	if (tv == NULL) {
		goto error_notnumber;
	}

#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
	if (DUK_TVAL_IS_FASTINT(tv)) {
		duk_int64_t t = DUK_TVAL_GET_FASTINT(tv);
		if (t < 0) {
			t = 0;
		}
#if (DUK_UINT_MAX <= 0xffffffffUL)
		/* Clamping only necessary for 32-bit ints. */
		else if (t > DUK_UINT_MAX) {
			t = DUK_UINT_MAX;
		}
#endif
		return (duk_uint_t) t;
	}
#endif

	if (DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv)) {
		d = DUK_TVAL_GET_NUMBER(tv);
		c = (duk_small_int_t) DUK_FPCLASSIFY(d);
		if (c == DUK_FP_NAN) {
			return 0;
		} else if (d < 0.0) {
			/* covers -Infinity */
			return (duk_uint_t) 0;
		} else if (d > (duk_double_t) DUK_UINT_MAX) {
			/* covers +Infinity */
			return (duk_uint_t) DUK_UINT_MAX;
		} else {
			/* coerce towards zero */
			return (duk_uint_t) d;
		}
	}

 error_notnumber:

	if (require) {
		DUK_ERROR_REQUIRE_TYPE_INDEX(thr, index, "number", DUK_STR_NOT_NUMBER);
		/* not reachable */
	}
	return 0;
}

/*
 *  Stack index validation/normalization and getting a stack duk_tval ptr.
 *
 *  These are called by many API entrypoints so the implementations must be
 *  fast and "inlined".
 *
 *  There's some repetition because of this; keep the functions in sync.
 */

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_idx_t duk_normalize_index(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_uidx_t vs_size;
	duk_uidx_t uindex;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_INVALID_INDEX < 0);

	/* Care must be taken to avoid pointer wrapping in the index
	 * validation.  For instance, on a 32-bit platform with 8-byte
	 * duk_tval the index 0x20000000UL would wrap the memory space
	 * once.
	 */

	/* Assume value stack sizes (in elements) fits into duk_idx_t. */
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->valstack_top >= thr->valstack_bottom);
	vs_size = (duk_uidx_t) (thr->valstack_top - thr->valstack_bottom);
	DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(vs_size >= 0);  /* unsigned */

	if (index < 0) {
		uindex = vs_size + (duk_uidx_t) index;
	} else {
		/* since index non-negative */
		DUK_ASSERT(index != DUK_INVALID_INDEX);
		uindex = (duk_uidx_t) index;
	}

	/* DUK_INVALID_INDEX won't be accepted as a valid index. */
	DUK_ASSERT(vs_size + (duk_uidx_t) DUK_INVALID_INDEX >= vs_size);

	if (DUK_LIKELY(uindex < vs_size)) {
		return (duk_idx_t) uindex;
	}
	return DUK_INVALID_INDEX;
}

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_idx_t duk_require_normalize_index(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_uidx_t vs_size;
	duk_uidx_t uindex;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_INVALID_INDEX < 0);

	DUK_ASSERT(thr->valstack_top >= thr->valstack_bottom);
	vs_size = (duk_uidx_t) (thr->valstack_top - thr->valstack_bottom);
	DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(vs_size >= 0);  /* unsigned */

	if (index < 0) {
		uindex = vs_size + (duk_uidx_t) index;
	} else {
		DUK_ASSERT(index != DUK_INVALID_INDEX);
		uindex = (duk_uidx_t) index;
	}

	/* DUK_INVALID_INDEX won't be accepted as a valid index. */
	DUK_ASSERT(vs_size + (duk_uidx_t) DUK_INVALID_INDEX >= vs_size);

	if (DUK_LIKELY(uindex < vs_size)) {
		return (duk_idx_t) uindex;
	}
	DUK_ERROR_API_INDEX(thr, index);
	return 0;  /* unreachable */
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_tval *duk_get_tval(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_uidx_t vs_size;
	duk_uidx_t uindex;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_INVALID_INDEX < 0);

	DUK_ASSERT(thr->valstack_top >= thr->valstack_bottom);
	vs_size = (duk_uidx_t) (thr->valstack_top - thr->valstack_bottom);
	DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(vs_size >= 0);  /* unsigned */

	if (index < 0) {
		uindex = vs_size + (duk_uidx_t) index;
	} else {
		DUK_ASSERT(index != DUK_INVALID_INDEX);
		uindex = (duk_uidx_t) index;
	}

	/* DUK_INVALID_INDEX won't be accepted as a valid index. */
	DUK_ASSERT(vs_size + (duk_uidx_t) DUK_INVALID_INDEX >= vs_size);

	if (DUK_LIKELY(uindex < vs_size)) {
		return thr->valstack_bottom + uindex;
	}
	return NULL;
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_tval *duk_require_tval(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_uidx_t vs_size;
	duk_uidx_t uindex;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_INVALID_INDEX < 0);

	DUK_ASSERT(thr->valstack_top >= thr->valstack_bottom);
	vs_size = (duk_uidx_t) (thr->valstack_top - thr->valstack_bottom);
	DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(vs_size >= 0);  /* unsigned */

	/* Use unsigned arithmetic to optimize comparison. */
	if (index < 0) {
		uindex = vs_size + (duk_uidx_t) index;
	} else {
		DUK_ASSERT(index != DUK_INVALID_INDEX);
		uindex = (duk_uidx_t) index;
	}

	/* DUK_INVALID_INDEX won't be accepted as a valid index. */
	DUK_ASSERT(vs_size + (duk_uidx_t) DUK_INVALID_INDEX >= vs_size);

	if (DUK_LIKELY(uindex < vs_size)) {
		return thr->valstack_bottom + uindex;
	}
	DUK_ERROR_API_INDEX(thr, index);
	return NULL;
}

/* Non-critical. */
DUK_EXTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_is_valid_index(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_INVALID_INDEX < 0);

	return (duk_normalize_index(ctx, index) >= 0);
}

/* Non-critical. */
DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_require_valid_index(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_INVALID_INDEX < 0);

	if (duk_normalize_index(ctx, index) < 0) {
		DUK_ERROR_API_INDEX(thr, index);
		return;  /* unreachable */
	}
}

/*
 *  Value stack top handling
 */

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_idx_t duk_get_top(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	return (duk_idx_t) (thr->valstack_top - thr->valstack_bottom);
}

/* Set stack top within currently allocated range, but don't reallocate.
 * This is performance critical especially for call handling, so whenever
 * changing, profile and look at generated code.
 */
DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_set_top(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_uidx_t vs_size;
	duk_uidx_t vs_limit;
	duk_uidx_t uindex;
	duk_tval *tv;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_INVALID_INDEX < 0);

	DUK_ASSERT(thr->valstack_top >= thr->valstack_bottom);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->valstack_end >= thr->valstack_bottom);
	vs_size = (duk_uidx_t) (thr->valstack_top - thr->valstack_bottom);
	vs_limit = (duk_uidx_t) (thr->valstack_end - thr->valstack_bottom);

	if (index < 0) {
		/* Negative indices are always within allocated stack but
		 * must not go below zero index.
		 */
		uindex = vs_size + (duk_uidx_t) index;
	} else {
		/* Positive index can be higher than valstack top but must
		 * not go above allocated stack (equality is OK).
		 */
		uindex = (duk_uidx_t) index;
	}

	/* DUK_INVALID_INDEX won't be accepted as a valid index. */
	DUK_ASSERT(vs_size + (duk_uidx_t) DUK_INVALID_INDEX >= vs_size);
	DUK_ASSERT(vs_size + (duk_uidx_t) DUK_INVALID_INDEX >= vs_limit);

#if defined(DUK_USE_VALSTACK_UNSAFE)
	DUK_ASSERT(uindex <= vs_limit);
	DUK_UNREF(vs_limit);
#else
	if (DUK_UNLIKELY(uindex > vs_limit)) {
		DUK_ERROR_API_INDEX(thr, index);
		return;  /* unreachable */
	}
#endif
	DUK_ASSERT(uindex <= vs_limit);

	/* Handle change in value stack top.  Respect value stack
	 * initialization policy: 'undefined' above top.  Note that
	 * DECREF may cause a side effect that reallocates valstack,
	 * so must relookup after DECREF.
	 */

	if (uindex >= vs_size) {
		/* Stack size increases or stays the same. */
#if defined(DUK_USE_ASSERTIONS)
		duk_uidx_t count;

		count = uindex - vs_size;
		while (count != 0) {
			count--;
			tv = thr->valstack_top + count;
			DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_UNDEFINED(tv));
		}
#endif
		thr->valstack_top = thr->valstack_bottom + uindex;
	} else {
		/* Stack size decreases. */
#if defined(DUK_USE_REFERENCE_COUNTING)
		duk_uidx_t count;

		count = vs_size - uindex;
		DUK_ASSERT(count > 0);
		while (count > 0) {
			count--;
			tv = --thr->valstack_top;  /* tv -> value just before prev top value; must relookup */
			DUK_ASSERT(tv >= thr->valstack_bottom);
			DUK_TVAL_SET_UNDEFINED_UPDREF(thr, tv);  /* side effects */
		}
#else  /* DUK_USE_REFERENCE_COUNTING */
		duk_uidx_t count;
		duk_tval *tv_end;

		count = vs_size - uindex;
		tv = thr->valstack_top;
		tv_end = tv - count;
		DUK_ASSERT(tv > tv_end);
		do {
			tv--;
			DUK_TVAL_SET_UNDEFINED(tv);
		} while (tv != tv_end);
		thr->valstack_top = tv_end;
#endif  /* DUK_USE_REFERENCE_COUNTING */
	}
}

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_idx_t duk_get_top_index(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_idx_t ret;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	ret = ((duk_idx_t) (thr->valstack_top - thr->valstack_bottom)) - 1;
	if (DUK_UNLIKELY(ret < 0)) {
		/* Return invalid index; if caller uses this without checking
		 * in another API call, the index won't map to a valid stack
		 * entry.
		 */
		return DUK_INVALID_INDEX;
	}
	return ret;
}

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_idx_t duk_require_top_index(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_idx_t ret;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	ret = ((duk_idx_t) (thr->valstack_top - thr->valstack_bottom)) - 1;
	if (DUK_UNLIKELY(ret < 0)) {
		DUK_ERROR_API_INDEX(thr, -1);
		return 0;  /* unreachable */
	}
	return ret;
}

/*
 *  Value stack resizing.
 *
 *  This resizing happens above the current "top": the value stack can be
 *  grown or shrunk, but the "top" is not affected.  The value stack cannot
 *  be resized to a size below the current "top".
 *
 *  The low level reallocation primitive must carefully recompute all value
 *  stack pointers, and must also work if ALL pointers are NULL.  The resize
 *  is quite tricky because the valstack realloc may cause a mark-and-sweep,
 *  which may run finalizers.  Running finalizers may resize the valstack
 *  recursively (the same value stack we're working on).  So, after realloc
 *  returns, we know that the valstack "top" should still be the same (there
 *  should not be live values above the "top"), but its underlying size and
 *  pointer may have changed.
 */

/* XXX: perhaps refactor this to allow caller to specify some parameters, or
 * at least a 'compact' flag which skips any spare or round-up .. useful for
 * emergency gc.
 */

DUK_LOCAL duk_bool_t duk__resize_valstack(duk_context *ctx, duk_size_t new_size) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_ptrdiff_t old_bottom_offset;
	duk_ptrdiff_t old_top_offset;
	duk_ptrdiff_t old_end_offset_post;
#ifdef DUK_USE_DEBUG
	duk_ptrdiff_t old_end_offset_pre;
	duk_tval *old_valstack_pre;
	duk_tval *old_valstack_post;
#endif
	duk_tval *new_valstack;
	duk_size_t new_alloc_size;
	duk_tval *p;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->valstack_bottom >= thr->valstack);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->valstack_top >= thr->valstack_bottom);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->valstack_end >= thr->valstack_top);
	DUK_ASSERT((duk_size_t) (thr->valstack_top - thr->valstack) <= new_size);  /* can't resize below 'top' */
	DUK_ASSERT(new_size <= thr->valstack_max);  /* valstack limit caller has check, prevents wrapping */
	DUK_ASSERT(new_size <= DUK_SIZE_MAX / sizeof(duk_tval));  /* specific assert for wrapping */

	/* get pointer offsets for tweaking below */
	old_bottom_offset = (((duk_uint8_t *) thr->valstack_bottom) - ((duk_uint8_t *) thr->valstack));
	old_top_offset = (((duk_uint8_t *) thr->valstack_top) - ((duk_uint8_t *) thr->valstack));
#ifdef DUK_USE_DEBUG
	old_end_offset_pre = (((duk_uint8_t *) thr->valstack_end) - ((duk_uint8_t *) thr->valstack));  /* not very useful, used for debugging */
	old_valstack_pre = thr->valstack;
#endif

	/* Allocate a new valstack.
	 *
	 * Note: cannot use a plain DUK_REALLOC() because a mark-and-sweep may
	 * invalidate the original thr->valstack base pointer inside the realloc
	 * process.  See doc/memory-management.rst.
	 */

	new_alloc_size = sizeof(duk_tval) * new_size;
	new_valstack = (duk_tval *) DUK_REALLOC_INDIRECT(thr->heap, duk_hthread_get_valstack_ptr, (void *) thr, new_alloc_size);
	if (!new_valstack) {
		/* Because new_size != 0, if condition doesn't need to be
		 * (new_valstack != NULL || new_size == 0).
		 */
		DUK_ASSERT(new_size != 0);
		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("failed to resize valstack to %lu entries (%lu bytes)",
		                 (unsigned long) new_size, (unsigned long) new_alloc_size));
		return 0;
	}

	/* Note: the realloc may have triggered a mark-and-sweep which may
	 * have resized our valstack internally.  However, the mark-and-sweep
	 * MUST NOT leave the stack bottom/top in a different state.  Particular
	 * assumptions and facts:
	 *
	 *   - The thr->valstack pointer may be different after realloc,
	 *     and the offset between thr->valstack_end <-> thr->valstack
	 *     may have changed.
	 *   - The offset between thr->valstack_bottom <-> thr->valstack
	 *     and thr->valstack_top <-> thr->valstack MUST NOT have changed,
	 *     because mark-and-sweep must adhere to a strict stack policy.
	 *     In other words, logical bottom and top MUST NOT have changed.
	 *   - All values above the top are unreachable but are initialized
	 *     to UNDEFINED, up to the post-realloc valstack_end.
	 *   - 'old_end_offset' must be computed after realloc to be correct.
	 */

	DUK_ASSERT((((duk_uint8_t *) thr->valstack_bottom) - ((duk_uint8_t *) thr->valstack)) == old_bottom_offset);
	DUK_ASSERT((((duk_uint8_t *) thr->valstack_top) - ((duk_uint8_t *) thr->valstack)) == old_top_offset);

	/* success, fixup pointers */
	old_end_offset_post = (((duk_uint8_t *) thr->valstack_end) - ((duk_uint8_t *) thr->valstack));  /* must be computed after realloc */
#ifdef DUK_USE_DEBUG
	old_valstack_post = thr->valstack;
#endif
	thr->valstack = new_valstack;
	thr->valstack_end = new_valstack + new_size;
#if !defined(DUK_USE_PREFER_SIZE)
	thr->valstack_size = new_size;
#endif
	thr->valstack_bottom = (duk_tval *) (void *) ((duk_uint8_t *) new_valstack + old_bottom_offset);
	thr->valstack_top = (duk_tval *) (void *) ((duk_uint8_t *) new_valstack + old_top_offset);

	DUK_ASSERT(thr->valstack_bottom >= thr->valstack);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->valstack_top >= thr->valstack_bottom);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->valstack_end >= thr->valstack_top);

	/* useful for debugging */
#ifdef DUK_USE_DEBUG
	if (old_end_offset_pre != old_end_offset_post) {
		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("valstack was resized during valstack_resize(), probably by mark-and-sweep; "
		                 "end offset changed: %lu -> %lu",
		                 (unsigned long) old_end_offset_pre,
		                 (unsigned long) old_end_offset_post));
	}
	if (old_valstack_pre != old_valstack_post) {
		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("valstack pointer changed during valstack_resize(), probably by mark-and-sweep: %p -> %p",
		                 (void *) old_valstack_pre,
		                 (void *) old_valstack_post));
	}
#endif

	DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("resized valstack to %lu elements (%lu bytes), bottom=%ld, top=%ld, "
	                   "new pointers: start=%p end=%p bottom=%p top=%p",
	                   (unsigned long) new_size, (unsigned long) new_alloc_size,
	                   (long) (thr->valstack_bottom - thr->valstack),
	                   (long) (thr->valstack_top - thr->valstack),
	                   (void *) thr->valstack, (void *) thr->valstack_end,
	                   (void *) thr->valstack_bottom, (void *) thr->valstack_top));

	/* Init newly allocated slots (only). */
	p = (duk_tval *) (void *) ((duk_uint8_t *) thr->valstack + old_end_offset_post);
	while (p < thr->valstack_end) {
		/* Never executed if new size is smaller. */
		DUK_TVAL_SET_UNDEFINED(p);
		p++;
	}

	/* Assert for value stack initialization policy. */
#if defined(DUK_USE_ASSERTIONS)
	p = thr->valstack_top;
	while (p < thr->valstack_end) {
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_UNDEFINED(p));
		p++;
	}
#endif

	return 1;
}

DUK_INTERNAL
duk_bool_t duk_valstack_resize_raw(duk_context *ctx,
                                   duk_size_t min_new_size,
                                   duk_small_uint_t flags) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_size_t old_size;
	duk_size_t new_size;
	duk_bool_t is_shrink = 0;
	duk_small_uint_t shrink_flag = (flags & DUK_VSRESIZE_FLAG_SHRINK);
	duk_small_uint_t compact_flag = (flags & DUK_VSRESIZE_FLAG_COMPACT);
	duk_small_uint_t throw_flag = (flags & DUK_VSRESIZE_FLAG_THROW);

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("check valstack resize: min_new_size=%lu, curr_size=%ld, curr_top=%ld, "
	                     "curr_bottom=%ld, shrink=%d, compact=%d, throw=%d",
	                     (unsigned long) min_new_size,
	                     (long) (thr->valstack_end - thr->valstack),
	                     (long) (thr->valstack_top - thr->valstack),
	                     (long) (thr->valstack_bottom - thr->valstack),
	                     (int) shrink_flag, (int) compact_flag, (int) throw_flag));

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->valstack_bottom >= thr->valstack);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->valstack_top >= thr->valstack_bottom);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->valstack_end >= thr->valstack_top);

#if defined(DUK_USE_PREFER_SIZE)
	old_size = (duk_size_t) (thr->valstack_end - thr->valstack);
#else
	DUK_ASSERT((duk_size_t) (thr->valstack_end - thr->valstack) == thr->valstack_size);
	old_size = thr->valstack_size;
#endif

	if (min_new_size <= old_size) {
		is_shrink = 1;
		if (!shrink_flag ||
		    old_size - min_new_size < DUK_VALSTACK_SHRINK_THRESHOLD) {
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("no need to grow or shrink valstack"));
			return 1;
		}
	}

	new_size = min_new_size;
	if (!compact_flag) {
		if (is_shrink) {
			/* shrink case; leave some spare */
			new_size += DUK_VALSTACK_SHRINK_SPARE;
		}

		/* round up roughly to next 'grow step' */
		new_size = (new_size / DUK_VALSTACK_GROW_STEP + 1) * DUK_VALSTACK_GROW_STEP;
	}

	DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("want to %s valstack: %lu -> %lu elements (min_new_size %lu)",
	                   (const char *) (new_size > old_size ? "grow" : "shrink"),
	                   (unsigned long) old_size, (unsigned long) new_size,
	                   (unsigned long) min_new_size));

	if (new_size > thr->valstack_max) {
		/* Note: may be triggered even if minimal new_size would not reach the limit,
		 * plan limit accordingly (taking DUK_VALSTACK_GROW_STEP into account).
		 */
		if (throw_flag) {
			DUK_ERROR_RANGE(thr, DUK_STR_VALSTACK_LIMIT);
		} else {
			return 0;
		}
	}

	/*
	 *  When resizing the valstack, a mark-and-sweep may be triggered for
	 *  the allocation of the new valstack.  If the mark-and-sweep needs
	 *  to use our thread for something, it may cause *the same valstack*
	 *  to be resized recursively.  This happens e.g. when mark-and-sweep
	 *  finalizers are called.  This is taken into account carefully in
	 *  duk__resize_valstack().
	 *
	 *  'new_size' is known to be <= valstack_max, which ensures that
	 *  size_t and pointer arithmetic won't wrap in duk__resize_valstack().
	 */

	if (!duk__resize_valstack(ctx, new_size)) {
		if (is_shrink) {
			DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("valstack resize failed, but is a shrink, ignore"));
			return 1;
		}

		DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("valstack resize failed"));

		if (throw_flag) {
			DUK_ERROR_ALLOC_DEFMSG(thr);
		} else {
			return 0;
		}
	}

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("valstack resize successful"));
	return 1;
}

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_check_stack(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t extra) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_size_t min_new_size;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);

	if (DUK_UNLIKELY(extra < 0)) {
		/* Clamping to zero makes the API more robust to calling code
		 * calculation errors.
		 */
		extra = 0;
	}

	min_new_size = (thr->valstack_top - thr->valstack) + extra + DUK_VALSTACK_INTERNAL_EXTRA;
	return duk_valstack_resize_raw(ctx,
	                               min_new_size,         /* min_new_size */
	                               0 /* no shrink */ |   /* flags */
	                               0 /* no compact */ |
	                               0 /* no throw */);
}

DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_require_stack(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t extra) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_size_t min_new_size;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);

	if (DUK_UNLIKELY(extra < 0)) {
		/* Clamping to zero makes the API more robust to calling code
		 * calculation errors.
		 */
		extra = 0;
	}

	min_new_size = (thr->valstack_top - thr->valstack) + extra + DUK_VALSTACK_INTERNAL_EXTRA;
	(void) duk_valstack_resize_raw(ctx,
	                               min_new_size,  /* min_new_size */
	                               0 /* no shrink */ |   /* flags */
	                               0 /* no compact */ |
	                               DUK_VSRESIZE_FLAG_THROW);
}

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_check_stack_top(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t top) {
	duk_size_t min_new_size;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	if (DUK_UNLIKELY(top < 0)) {
		/* Clamping to zero makes the API more robust to calling code
		 * calculation errors.
		 */
		top = 0;
	}

	min_new_size = top + DUK_VALSTACK_INTERNAL_EXTRA;
	return duk_valstack_resize_raw(ctx,
	                               min_new_size,  /* min_new_size */
	                               0 /* no shrink */ |   /* flags */
	                               0 /* no compact */ |
	                               0 /* no throw */);
}

DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_require_stack_top(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t top) {
	duk_size_t min_new_size;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	if (DUK_UNLIKELY(top < 0)) {
		/* Clamping to zero makes the API more robust to calling code
		 * calculation errors.
		 */
		top = 0;
	}

	min_new_size = top + DUK_VALSTACK_INTERNAL_EXTRA;
	(void) duk_valstack_resize_raw(ctx,
	                               min_new_size,  /* min_new_size */
	                               0 /* no shrink */ |   /* flags */
	                               0 /* no compact */ |
	                               DUK_VSRESIZE_FLAG_THROW);
}

/*
 *  Basic stack manipulation: swap, dup, insert, replace, etc
 */

DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_swap(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index1, duk_idx_t index2) {
	duk_tval *tv1;
	duk_tval *tv2;
	duk_tval tv_tmp;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	tv1 = duk_require_tval(ctx, index1);
	DUK_ASSERT(tv1 != NULL);
	tv2 = duk_require_tval(ctx, index2);
	DUK_ASSERT(tv2 != NULL);

	/* If tv1==tv2 this is a NOP, no check is needed */
	DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL(&tv_tmp, tv1);
	DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL(tv1, tv2);
	DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL(tv2, &tv_tmp);
}

DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_swap_top(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	duk_swap(ctx, index, -1);
}

DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_dup(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t from_index) {
	duk_hthread *thr;
	duk_tval *tv_from;
	duk_tval *tv_to;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	DUK__CHECK_SPACE();

	tv_from = duk_require_tval(ctx, from_index);
	tv_to = thr->valstack_top++;
	DUK_ASSERT(tv_from != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(tv_to != NULL);
	DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL(tv_to, tv_from);
	DUK_TVAL_INCREF(thr, tv_to);  /* no side effects */
}

DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_dup_top(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hthread *thr;
	duk_tval *tv_from;
	duk_tval *tv_to;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	DUK__CHECK_SPACE();

	if (thr->valstack_top - thr->valstack_bottom <= 0) {
		DUK_ERROR_API_INDEX(thr, -1);
		return;  /* unreachable */
	}
	tv_from = thr->valstack_top - 1;
	tv_to = thr->valstack_top++;
	DUK_ASSERT(tv_from != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(tv_to != NULL);
	DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL(tv_to, tv_from);
	DUK_TVAL_INCREF(thr, tv_to);  /* no side effects */
}

DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_insert(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t to_index) {
	duk_tval *p;
	duk_tval *q;
	duk_tval tv_tmp;
	duk_size_t nbytes;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	p = duk_require_tval(ctx, to_index);
	DUK_ASSERT(p != NULL);
	q = duk_require_tval(ctx, -1);
	DUK_ASSERT(q != NULL);

	DUK_ASSERT(q >= p);

	/*              nbytes
	 *           <--------->
	 *    [ ... | p | x | x | q ]
	 * => [ ... | q | p | x | x ]
	 */

	nbytes = (duk_size_t) (((duk_uint8_t *) q) - ((duk_uint8_t *) p));  /* Note: 'q' is top-1 */

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("duk_insert: to_index=%ld, p=%p, q=%p, nbytes=%lu",
	                     (long) to_index, (void *) p, (void *) q, (unsigned long) nbytes));

	/* No net refcount changes. */

	if (nbytes > 0) {
		DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL(&tv_tmp, q);
		DUK_ASSERT(nbytes > 0);
		DUK_MEMMOVE((void *) (p + 1), (const void *) p, (size_t) nbytes);
		DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL(p, &tv_tmp);
	} else {
		/* nop: insert top to top */
		DUK_ASSERT(nbytes == 0);
		DUK_ASSERT(p == q);
	}
}

DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_replace(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t to_index) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_tval *tv1;
	duk_tval *tv2;
	duk_tval tv_tmp;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	tv1 = duk_require_tval(ctx, -1);
	DUK_ASSERT(tv1 != NULL);
	tv2 = duk_require_tval(ctx, to_index);
	DUK_ASSERT(tv2 != NULL);

	/* For tv1 == tv2, both pointing to stack top, the end result
	 * is same as duk_pop(ctx).
	 */
	DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL(&tv_tmp, tv2);
	DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL(tv2, tv1);
	DUK_TVAL_SET_UNDEFINED(tv1);
	thr->valstack_top--;
	DUK_TVAL_DECREF(thr, &tv_tmp);  /* side effects */
}

DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_copy(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t from_index, duk_idx_t to_index) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_tval *tv1;
	duk_tval *tv2;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	DUK_UNREF(thr);  /* w/o refcounting */

	tv1 = duk_require_tval(ctx, from_index);
	DUK_ASSERT(tv1 != NULL);
	tv2 = duk_require_tval(ctx, to_index);
	DUK_ASSERT(tv2 != NULL);

	/* For tv1 == tv2, this is a no-op (no explicit check needed). */
	DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL_UPDREF(thr, tv2, tv1);  /* side effects */
}

DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_remove(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_tval *p;
	duk_tval *q;
#ifdef DUK_USE_REFERENCE_COUNTING
	duk_tval tv_tmp;
#endif
	duk_size_t nbytes;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	p = duk_require_tval(ctx, index);
	DUK_ASSERT(p != NULL);
	q = duk_require_tval(ctx, -1);
	DUK_ASSERT(q != NULL);

	DUK_ASSERT(q >= p);

	/*              nbytes            zero size case
	 *           <--------->
	 *    [ ... | p | x | x | q ]     [ ... | p==q ]
	 * => [ ... | x | x | q ]         [ ... ]
	 */

#ifdef DUK_USE_REFERENCE_COUNTING
	/* use a temp: decref only when valstack reachable values are correct */
	DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL(&tv_tmp, p);
#endif

	nbytes = (duk_size_t) (((duk_uint8_t *) q) - ((duk_uint8_t *) p));  /* Note: 'q' is top-1 */
	DUK_MEMMOVE((void *) p, (const void *) (p + 1), (size_t) nbytes);  /* zero size not an issue: pointers are valid */

	DUK_TVAL_SET_UNDEFINED(q);
	thr->valstack_top--;

#ifdef DUK_USE_REFERENCE_COUNTING
	DUK_TVAL_DECREF(thr, &tv_tmp);  /* side effects */
#endif
}

/*
 *  Stack slice primitives
 */

DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_xcopymove_raw(duk_context *to_ctx, duk_context *from_ctx, duk_idx_t count, duk_bool_t is_copy) {
	duk_hthread *to_thr = (duk_hthread *) to_ctx;
	duk_hthread *from_thr = (duk_hthread *) from_ctx;
	void *src;
	duk_size_t nbytes;
	duk_tval *p;
	duk_tval *q;

	/* XXX: several pointer comparison issues here */

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(to_ctx);
	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(from_ctx);
	DUK_ASSERT(to_ctx != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(from_ctx != NULL);

	if (to_ctx == from_ctx) {
		DUK_ERROR_API(to_thr, DUK_STR_INVALID_CONTEXT);
		return;
	}
	if ((count < 0) ||
	    (count > (duk_idx_t) to_thr->valstack_max)) {
		/* Maximum value check ensures 'nbytes' won't wrap below. */
		DUK_ERROR_API(to_thr, DUK_STR_INVALID_COUNT);
		return;
	}

	nbytes = sizeof(duk_tval) * count;
	if (nbytes == 0) {
		return;
	}
	DUK_ASSERT(to_thr->valstack_top <= to_thr->valstack_end);
	if ((duk_size_t) ((duk_uint8_t *) to_thr->valstack_end - (duk_uint8_t *) to_thr->valstack_top) < nbytes) {
		DUK_ERROR_API(to_thr, DUK_STR_PUSH_BEYOND_ALLOC_STACK);
	}
	src = (void *) ((duk_uint8_t *) from_thr->valstack_top - nbytes);
	if (src < (void *) from_thr->valstack_bottom) {
		DUK_ERROR_API(to_thr, DUK_STR_INVALID_COUNT);
	}

	/* copy values (no overlap even if to_ctx == from_ctx; that's not
	 * allowed now anyway)
	 */
	DUK_ASSERT(nbytes > 0);
	DUK_MEMCPY((void *) to_thr->valstack_top, (const void *) src, (size_t) nbytes);

	p = to_thr->valstack_top;
	to_thr->valstack_top = (duk_tval *) (void *) (((duk_uint8_t *) p) + nbytes);

	if (is_copy) {
		/* Incref copies, keep originals. */
		q = to_thr->valstack_top;
		while (p < q) {
			DUK_TVAL_INCREF(to_thr, p);  /* no side effects */
			p++;
		}
	} else {
		/* No net refcount change. */
		p = from_thr->valstack_top;
		q = (duk_tval *) (void *) (((duk_uint8_t *) p) - nbytes);
		from_thr->valstack_top = q;

		while (p > q) {
			p--;
			DUK_TVAL_SET_UNDEFINED(p);
			/* XXX: fast primitive to set a bunch of values to UNDEFINED */
		}
	}
}

/*
 *  Get/require
 */

DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_require_undefined(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_tval *tv;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	tv = duk_get_tval(ctx, index);
	if (tv && DUK_TVAL_IS_UNDEFINED(tv)) {
		return;
	}
	DUK_ERROR_REQUIRE_TYPE_INDEX(thr, index, "undefined", DUK_STR_NOT_UNDEFINED);
	return;  /* not reachable */
}

DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_require_null(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_tval *tv;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	tv = duk_get_tval(ctx, index);
	if (tv && DUK_TVAL_IS_NULL(tv)) {
		return;
	}
	DUK_ERROR_REQUIRE_TYPE_INDEX(thr, index, "null", DUK_STR_NOT_NULL);
	return;  /* not reachable */
}

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_get_boolean(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	duk_bool_t ret = 0;  /* default: false */
	duk_tval *tv;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	tv = duk_get_tval(ctx, index);
	if (tv && DUK_TVAL_IS_BOOLEAN(tv)) {
		ret = DUK_TVAL_GET_BOOLEAN(tv);
	}

	DUK_ASSERT(ret == 0 || ret == 1);
	return ret;
}

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_require_boolean(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_tval *tv;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	tv = duk_get_tval(ctx, index);
	if (tv && DUK_TVAL_IS_BOOLEAN(tv)) {
		duk_bool_t ret = DUK_TVAL_GET_BOOLEAN(tv);
		DUK_ASSERT(ret == 0 || ret == 1);
		return ret;
	}
	DUK_ERROR_REQUIRE_TYPE_INDEX(thr, index, "boolean", DUK_STR_NOT_BOOLEAN);
	return 0;  /* not reachable */
}

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_double_t duk_get_number(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	duk_double_union ret;
	duk_tval *tv;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	ret.d = DUK_DOUBLE_NAN;  /* default: NaN */
	tv = duk_get_tval(ctx, index);
	if (tv && DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv)) {
		ret.d = DUK_TVAL_GET_NUMBER(tv);
	}

	/*
	 *  Number should already be in NaN-normalized form, but let's
	 *  normalize anyway.
	 */

	DUK_DBLUNION_NORMALIZE_NAN_CHECK(&ret);
	return ret.d;
}

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_double_t duk_require_number(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_tval *tv;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	tv = duk_get_tval(ctx, index);
	if (tv && DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv)) {
		duk_double_union ret;
		ret.d = DUK_TVAL_GET_NUMBER(tv);

		/*
		 *  Number should already be in NaN-normalized form,
		 *  but let's normalize anyway.
		 */

		DUK_DBLUNION_NORMALIZE_NAN_CHECK(&ret);
		return ret.d;
	}
	DUK_ERROR_REQUIRE_TYPE_INDEX(thr, index, "number", DUK_STR_NOT_NUMBER);
	return DUK_DOUBLE_NAN;  /* not reachable */
}

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_int_t duk_get_int(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	/* Custom coercion for API */
	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	return (duk_int_t) duk__api_coerce_d2i(ctx, index, 0 /*require*/);
}

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_uint_t duk_get_uint(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	/* Custom coercion for API */
	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	return (duk_uint_t) duk__api_coerce_d2ui(ctx, index, 0 /*require*/);
}

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_int_t duk_require_int(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	/* Custom coercion for API */
	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	return (duk_int_t) duk__api_coerce_d2i(ctx, index, 1 /*require*/);
}

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_uint_t duk_require_uint(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	/* Custom coercion for API */
	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	return (duk_uint_t) duk__api_coerce_d2ui(ctx, index, 1 /*require*/);
}

DUK_EXTERNAL const char *duk_get_lstring(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index, duk_size_t *out_len) {
	const char *ret;
	duk_tval *tv;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	/* default: NULL, length 0 */
	ret = NULL;
	if (out_len) {
		*out_len = 0;
	}

	tv = duk_get_tval(ctx, index);
	if (tv && DUK_TVAL_IS_STRING(tv)) {
		/* Here we rely on duk_hstring instances always being zero
		 * terminated even if the actual string is not.
		 */
		duk_hstring *h = DUK_TVAL_GET_STRING(tv);
		DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);
		ret = (const char *) DUK_HSTRING_GET_DATA(h);
		if (out_len) {
			*out_len = DUK_HSTRING_GET_BYTELEN(h);
		}
	}

	return ret;
}

DUK_EXTERNAL const char *duk_require_lstring(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index, duk_size_t *out_len) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	const char *ret;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	/* Note: this check relies on the fact that even a zero-size string
	 * has a non-NULL pointer.
	 */
	ret = duk_get_lstring(ctx, index, out_len);
	if (ret) {
		return ret;
	}
	DUK_ERROR_REQUIRE_TYPE_INDEX(thr, index, "string", DUK_STR_NOT_STRING);
	return NULL;  /* not reachable */
}

DUK_EXTERNAL const char *duk_get_string(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	return duk_get_lstring(ctx, index, NULL);
}

DUK_EXTERNAL const char *duk_require_string(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	return duk_require_lstring(ctx, index, NULL);
}

DUK_EXTERNAL void *duk_get_pointer(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	duk_tval *tv;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	tv = duk_get_tval(ctx, index);
	if (tv && DUK_TVAL_IS_POINTER(tv)) {
		void *p = DUK_TVAL_GET_POINTER(tv);  /* may be NULL */
		return (void *) p;
	}

	return NULL;
}

DUK_EXTERNAL void *duk_require_pointer(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_tval *tv;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	/* Note: here we must be wary of the fact that a pointer may be
	 * valid and be a NULL.
	 */
	tv = duk_get_tval(ctx, index);
	if (tv && DUK_TVAL_IS_POINTER(tv)) {
		void *p = DUK_TVAL_GET_POINTER(tv);  /* may be NULL */
		return (void *) p;
	}
	DUK_ERROR_REQUIRE_TYPE_INDEX(thr, index, "pointer", DUK_STR_NOT_POINTER);
	return NULL;  /* not reachable */
}

#if 0  /*unused*/
DUK_INTERNAL void *duk_get_voidptr(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	duk_tval *tv;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	tv = duk_get_tval(ctx, index);
	if (tv && DUK_TVAL_IS_HEAP_ALLOCATED(tv)) {
		duk_heaphdr *h = DUK_TVAL_GET_HEAPHDR(tv);
		DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);
		return (void *) h;
	}

	return NULL;
}
#endif

DUK_LOCAL void *duk__get_buffer_helper(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index, duk_size_t *out_size, duk_bool_t throw_flag) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_tval *tv;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	DUK_UNREF(thr);

	if (out_size != NULL) {
		*out_size = 0;
	}

	tv = duk_get_tval(ctx, index);
	if (tv && DUK_TVAL_IS_BUFFER(tv)) {
		duk_hbuffer *h = DUK_TVAL_GET_BUFFER(tv);
		DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);
		if (out_size) {
			*out_size = DUK_HBUFFER_GET_SIZE(h);
		}
		return (void *) DUK_HBUFFER_GET_DATA_PTR(thr->heap, h);  /* may be NULL (but only if size is 0) */
	}

	if (throw_flag) {
		DUK_ERROR_REQUIRE_TYPE_INDEX(thr, index, "buffer", DUK_STR_NOT_BUFFER);
	}
	return NULL;
}

DUK_EXTERNAL void *duk_get_buffer(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index, duk_size_t *out_size) {
	return duk__get_buffer_helper(ctx, index, out_size, 0 /*throw_flag*/);
}

DUK_EXTERNAL void *duk_require_buffer(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index, duk_size_t *out_size) {
	return duk__get_buffer_helper(ctx, index, out_size, 1 /*throw_flag*/);
}

DUK_LOCAL void *duk__get_buffer_data_helper(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index, duk_size_t *out_size, duk_bool_t throw_flag) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_tval *tv;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	DUK_UNREF(thr);

	if (out_size != NULL) {
		*out_size = 0;
	}

	tv = duk_get_tval(ctx, index);
	if (tv == NULL) {
		goto fail;
	}

	if (DUK_TVAL_IS_BUFFER(tv)) {
		duk_hbuffer *h = DUK_TVAL_GET_BUFFER(tv);
		DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);
		if (out_size) {
			*out_size = DUK_HBUFFER_GET_SIZE(h);
		}
		return (void *) DUK_HBUFFER_GET_DATA_PTR(thr->heap, h);  /* may be NULL (but only if size is 0) */
	} else if (DUK_TVAL_IS_OBJECT(tv)) {
		duk_hobject *h = DUK_TVAL_GET_OBJECT(tv);
		DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);
		if (DUK_HOBJECT_IS_BUFFEROBJECT(h)) {
			/* XXX: this is probably a useful shared helper: for a
			 * duk_hbufferobject, get a validated buffer pointer/length.
			 */
			duk_hbufferobject *h_bufobj = (duk_hbufferobject *) h;
			DUK_ASSERT_HBUFFEROBJECT_VALID(h_bufobj);

			if (h_bufobj->buf != NULL &&
			    DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_VALID_SLICE(h_bufobj)) {
				duk_uint8_t *p;

				p = (duk_uint8_t *) DUK_HBUFFER_GET_DATA_PTR(thr->heap, h_bufobj->buf);
				if (out_size != NULL) {
					*out_size = (duk_size_t) h_bufobj->length;
				}
				return (void *) (p + h_bufobj->offset);
			}
			/* if slice not fully valid, treat as error */
		}
	}

 fail:
	if (throw_flag) {
		DUK_ERROR_REQUIRE_TYPE_INDEX(thr, index, "buffer", DUK_STR_NOT_BUFFER);
	}
	return NULL;
}

DUK_EXTERNAL void *duk_get_buffer_data(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index, duk_size_t *out_size) {
	return duk__get_buffer_data_helper(ctx, index, out_size, 0 /*throw_flag*/);
}

DUK_EXTERNAL void *duk_require_buffer_data(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index, duk_size_t *out_size) {
	return duk__get_buffer_data_helper(ctx, index, out_size, 1 /*throw_flag*/);
}

/* Raw helper for getting a value from the stack, checking its tag.
 * The tag cannot be a number because numbers don't have an internal
 * tag in the packed representation.
 */

DUK_LOCAL duk_heaphdr *duk__get_tagged_heaphdr_raw(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index, duk_uint_t tag) {
	duk_tval *tv;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	tv = duk_get_tval(ctx, index);
	if (tv && (DUK_TVAL_GET_TAG(tv) == tag)) {
		duk_heaphdr *ret;
		ret = DUK_TVAL_GET_HEAPHDR(tv);
		DUK_ASSERT(ret != NULL);  /* tagged null pointers should never occur */
		return ret;
	}

	return (duk_heaphdr *) NULL;
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_hstring *duk_get_hstring(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	return (duk_hstring *) duk__get_tagged_heaphdr_raw(ctx, index, DUK_TAG_STRING);
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_hstring *duk_require_hstring(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	duk_heaphdr *h;
	h = duk__get_tagged_heaphdr_raw(ctx, index, DUK_TAG_STRING);
	if (h == NULL) {
		DUK_ERROR_REQUIRE_TYPE_INDEX(ctx, index, "string", DUK_STR_NOT_STRING);
	}
	return (duk_hstring *) h;
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_hobject *duk_get_hobject(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	return (duk_hobject *) duk__get_tagged_heaphdr_raw(ctx, index, DUK_TAG_OBJECT);
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_hobject *duk_require_hobject(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	duk_heaphdr *h;
	h = duk__get_tagged_heaphdr_raw(ctx, index, DUK_TAG_OBJECT);
	if (h == NULL) {
		DUK_ERROR_REQUIRE_TYPE_INDEX(ctx, index, "object", DUK_STR_NOT_OBJECT);
	}
	return (duk_hobject *) h;
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_hbuffer *duk_get_hbuffer(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	return (duk_hbuffer *) duk__get_tagged_heaphdr_raw(ctx, index, DUK_TAG_BUFFER);
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_hbuffer *duk_require_hbuffer(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	duk_heaphdr *h;
	h = duk__get_tagged_heaphdr_raw(ctx, index, DUK_TAG_BUFFER);
	if (h == NULL) {
		DUK_ERROR_REQUIRE_TYPE_INDEX(ctx, index, "buffer", DUK_STR_NOT_BUFFER);
	}
	return (duk_hbuffer *) h;
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_hthread *duk_get_hthread(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	duk_hobject *h = (duk_hobject *) duk__get_tagged_heaphdr_raw(ctx, index, DUK_TAG_OBJECT);
	if (h != NULL && !DUK_HOBJECT_IS_THREAD(h)) {
		h = NULL;
	}
	return (duk_hthread *) h;
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_hthread *duk_require_hthread(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_hobject *h = (duk_hobject *) duk__get_tagged_heaphdr_raw(ctx, index, DUK_TAG_OBJECT);
	if (!(h != NULL && DUK_HOBJECT_IS_THREAD(h))) {
		DUK_ERROR_REQUIRE_TYPE_INDEX(thr, index, "thread", DUK_STR_NOT_THREAD);
	}
	return (duk_hthread *) h;
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_hcompiledfunction *duk_get_hcompiledfunction(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	duk_hobject *h = (duk_hobject *) duk__get_tagged_heaphdr_raw(ctx, index, DUK_TAG_OBJECT);
	if (h != NULL && !DUK_HOBJECT_IS_COMPILEDFUNCTION(h)) {
		h = NULL;
	}
	return (duk_hcompiledfunction *) h;
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_hcompiledfunction *duk_require_hcompiledfunction(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_hobject *h = (duk_hobject *) duk__get_tagged_heaphdr_raw(ctx, index, DUK_TAG_OBJECT);
	if (!(h != NULL && DUK_HOBJECT_IS_COMPILEDFUNCTION(h))) {
		DUK_ERROR_REQUIRE_TYPE_INDEX(thr, index, "compiledfunction", DUK_STR_NOT_COMPILEDFUNCTION);
	}
	return (duk_hcompiledfunction *) h;
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_hnativefunction *duk_get_hnativefunction(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	duk_hobject *h = (duk_hobject *) duk__get_tagged_heaphdr_raw(ctx, index, DUK_TAG_OBJECT);
	if (h != NULL && !DUK_HOBJECT_IS_NATIVEFUNCTION(h)) {
		h = NULL;
	}
	return (duk_hnativefunction *) h;
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_hnativefunction *duk_require_hnativefunction(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_hobject *h = (duk_hobject *) duk__get_tagged_heaphdr_raw(ctx, index, DUK_TAG_OBJECT);
	if (!(h != NULL && DUK_HOBJECT_IS_NATIVEFUNCTION(h))) {
		DUK_ERROR_REQUIRE_TYPE_INDEX(thr, index, "nativefunction", DUK_STR_NOT_NATIVEFUNCTION);
	}
	return (duk_hnativefunction *) h;
}

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_c_function duk_get_c_function(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	duk_tval *tv;
	duk_hobject *h;
	duk_hnativefunction *f;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	tv = duk_get_tval(ctx, index);
	if (!tv) {
		return NULL;
	}
	if (!DUK_TVAL_IS_OBJECT(tv)) {
		return NULL;
	}
	h = DUK_TVAL_GET_OBJECT(tv);
	DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);

	if (!DUK_HOBJECT_IS_NATIVEFUNCTION(h)) {
		return NULL;
	}
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_NATIVEFUNCTION(h));
	f = (duk_hnativefunction *) h;

	return f->func;
}

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_c_function duk_require_c_function(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_c_function ret;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	ret = duk_get_c_function(ctx, index);
	if (!ret) {
		DUK_ERROR_REQUIRE_TYPE_INDEX(thr, index, "nativefunction", DUK_STR_NOT_NATIVEFUNCTION);
	}
	return ret;
}

DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_require_function(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	if (!duk_is_function(ctx, index)) {
		DUK_ERROR_REQUIRE_TYPE_INDEX((duk_hthread *) ctx, index, "function", DUK_STR_NOT_FUNCTION);
	}
}

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_context *duk_get_context(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	return (duk_context *) duk_get_hthread(ctx, index);
}

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_context *duk_require_context(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	return (duk_context *) duk_require_hthread(ctx, index);
}

DUK_EXTERNAL void *duk_get_heapptr(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	duk_tval *tv;
	void *ret;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	tv = duk_get_tval(ctx, index);
	if (tv && DUK_TVAL_IS_HEAP_ALLOCATED(tv)) {
		ret = (void *) DUK_TVAL_GET_HEAPHDR(tv);
		DUK_ASSERT(ret != NULL);
		return ret;
	}

	return (void *) NULL;
}

DUK_EXTERNAL void *duk_require_heapptr(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_tval *tv;
	void *ret;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	tv = duk_require_tval(ctx, index);
	DUK_ASSERT(tv != NULL);
	if (DUK_TVAL_IS_HEAP_ALLOCATED(tv)) {
		ret = (void *) DUK_TVAL_GET_HEAPHDR(tv);
		DUK_ASSERT(ret != NULL);
		return ret;
	}

	DUK_ERROR_REQUIRE_TYPE_INDEX(thr, index, "heapobject", DUK_STR_UNEXPECTED_TYPE);
	return (void *) NULL;  /* not reachable */
}

#if 0
/* This would be pointless: we'd return NULL for both lightfuncs and
 * unexpected types.
 */
DUK_INTERNAL duk_hobject *duk_get_hobject_or_lfunc(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
}
#endif

/* Useful for internal call sites where we either expect an object (function)
 * or a lightfunc.  Accepts an object (returned as is) or a lightfunc (coerced
 * to an object).  Return value is NULL if value is neither an object nor a
 * lightfunc.
 */
DUK_INTERNAL duk_hobject *duk_get_hobject_or_lfunc_coerce(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	duk_tval *tv;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	tv = duk_require_tval(ctx, index);
	DUK_ASSERT(tv != NULL);
	if (DUK_TVAL_IS_OBJECT(tv)) {
		return DUK_TVAL_GET_OBJECT(tv);
	} else if (DUK_TVAL_IS_LIGHTFUNC(tv)) {
		duk_to_object(ctx, index);
		return duk_require_hobject(ctx, index);
	}

	return NULL;
}

/* Useful for internal call sites where we either expect an object (function)
 * or a lightfunc.  Returns NULL for a lightfunc.
 */
DUK_INTERNAL duk_hobject *duk_require_hobject_or_lfunc(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_tval *tv;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	tv = duk_require_tval(ctx, index);
	DUK_ASSERT(tv != NULL);
	if (DUK_TVAL_IS_OBJECT(tv)) {
		return DUK_TVAL_GET_OBJECT(tv);
	} else if (DUK_TVAL_IS_LIGHTFUNC(tv)) {
		return NULL;
	}
	DUK_ERROR_REQUIRE_TYPE_INDEX(thr, index, "object", DUK_STR_NOT_OBJECT);
	return NULL;  /* not reachable */
}

/* Useful for internal call sites where we either expect an object (function)
 * or a lightfunc.  Accepts an object (returned as is) or a lightfunc (coerced
 * to an object).  Return value is never NULL.
 */
DUK_INTERNAL duk_hobject *duk_require_hobject_or_lfunc_coerce(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_tval *tv;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	tv = duk_require_tval(ctx, index);
	if (DUK_TVAL_IS_OBJECT(tv)) {
		return DUK_TVAL_GET_OBJECT(tv);
	} else if (DUK_TVAL_IS_LIGHTFUNC(tv)) {
		duk_to_object(ctx, index);
		return duk_require_hobject(ctx, index);
	}
	DUK_ERROR_REQUIRE_TYPE_INDEX(thr, index, "object", DUK_STR_NOT_OBJECT);
	return NULL;  /* not reachable */
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_hobject *duk_get_hobject_with_class(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index, duk_small_uint_t classnum) {
	duk_hobject *h;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(classnum >= 0);  /* unsigned */
	DUK_ASSERT(classnum <= DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_MAX);

	h = (duk_hobject *) duk__get_tagged_heaphdr_raw(ctx, index, DUK_TAG_OBJECT);
	if (h != NULL && DUK_HOBJECT_GET_CLASS_NUMBER(h) != classnum) {
		h = NULL;
	}
	return h;
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_hobject *duk_require_hobject_with_class(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index, duk_small_uint_t classnum) {
	duk_hthread *thr;
	duk_hobject *h;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(classnum >= 0);  /* unsigned */
	DUK_ASSERT(classnum <= DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_MAX);
	thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;

	h = (duk_hobject *) duk__get_tagged_heaphdr_raw(ctx, index, DUK_TAG_OBJECT);
	if (!(h != NULL && DUK_HOBJECT_GET_CLASS_NUMBER(h) == classnum)) {
		duk_hstring *h_class;
		h_class = DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING(thr, DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_NUMBER_TO_STRIDX(classnum));
		DUK_UNREF(h_class);

		DUK_ERROR_REQUIRE_TYPE_INDEX(thr, index, (const char *) DUK_HSTRING_GET_DATA(h_class), DUK_STR_UNEXPECTED_TYPE);
	}
	return h;
}

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_size_t duk_get_length(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	duk_tval *tv;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	tv = duk_get_tval(ctx, index);
	if (!tv) {
		return 0;
	}

	switch (DUK_TVAL_GET_TAG(tv)) {
	case DUK_TAG_UNDEFINED:
	case DUK_TAG_NULL:
	case DUK_TAG_BOOLEAN:
	case DUK_TAG_POINTER:
		return 0;
	case DUK_TAG_STRING: {
		duk_hstring *h = DUK_TVAL_GET_STRING(tv);
		DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);
		return (duk_size_t) DUK_HSTRING_GET_CHARLEN(h);
	}
	case DUK_TAG_OBJECT: {
		duk_hobject *h = DUK_TVAL_GET_OBJECT(tv);
		DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);
		return (duk_size_t) duk_hobject_get_length((duk_hthread *) ctx, h);
	}
	case DUK_TAG_BUFFER: {
		duk_hbuffer *h = DUK_TVAL_GET_BUFFER(tv);
		DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);
		return (duk_size_t) DUK_HBUFFER_GET_SIZE(h);
	}
	case DUK_TAG_LIGHTFUNC: {
		duk_small_uint_t lf_flags;
		lf_flags = DUK_TVAL_GET_LIGHTFUNC_FLAGS(tv);
		return (duk_size_t) DUK_LFUNC_FLAGS_GET_LENGTH(lf_flags);
	}
#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
	case DUK_TAG_FASTINT:
#endif
	default:
		/* number */
		DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_TVAL_IS_UNUSED(tv));
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv));
		return 0;
	}

	DUK_UNREACHABLE();
}

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_set_length(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index, duk_size_t length) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_hobject *h;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	h = duk_get_hobject(ctx, index);
	if (!h) {
		return;
	}

	duk_hobject_set_length(thr, h, (duk_uint32_t) length);  /* XXX: typing */
}

/*
 *  Conversions and coercions
 *
 *  The conversion/coercions are in-place operations on the value stack.
 *  Some operations are implemented here directly, while others call a
 *  helper in duk_js_ops.c after validating arguments.
 */

/* E5 Section 8.12.8 */

DUK_LOCAL duk_bool_t duk__defaultvalue_coerce_attempt(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index, duk_small_int_t func_stridx) {
	if (duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, index, func_stridx)) {
		/* [ ... func ] */
		if (duk_is_callable(ctx, -1)) {
			duk_dup(ctx, index);         /* -> [ ... func this ] */
			duk_call_method(ctx, 0);     /* -> [ ... retval ] */
			if (duk_is_primitive(ctx, -1)) {
				duk_replace(ctx, index);
				return 1;
			}
			/* [ ... retval ]; popped below */
		}
	}
	duk_pop(ctx);  /* [ ... func/retval ] -> [ ... ] */
	return 0;
}

DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_to_defaultvalue(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index, duk_int_t hint) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_hobject *obj;
	/* inline initializer for coercers[] is not allowed by old compilers like BCC */
	duk_small_int_t coercers[2];

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);

	coercers[0] = DUK_STRIDX_VALUE_OF;
	coercers[1] = DUK_STRIDX_TO_STRING;

	index = duk_require_normalize_index(ctx, index);
	obj = duk_require_hobject_or_lfunc(ctx, index);

	if (hint == DUK_HINT_NONE) {
		if (obj != NULL && DUK_HOBJECT_GET_CLASS_NUMBER(obj) == DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_DATE) {
			hint = DUK_HINT_STRING;
		} else {
			hint = DUK_HINT_NUMBER;
		}
	}

	if (hint == DUK_HINT_STRING) {
		coercers[0] = DUK_STRIDX_TO_STRING;
		coercers[1] = DUK_STRIDX_VALUE_OF;
	}

	if (duk__defaultvalue_coerce_attempt(ctx, index, coercers[0])) {
		return;
	}

	if (duk__defaultvalue_coerce_attempt(ctx, index, coercers[1])) {
		return;
	}

	DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, DUK_STR_DEFAULTVALUE_COERCE_FAILED);
}

DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_to_undefined(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_tval *tv;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	DUK_UNREF(thr);

	tv = duk_require_tval(ctx, index);
	DUK_ASSERT(tv != NULL);
	DUK_TVAL_SET_UNDEFINED_UPDREF(thr, tv);  /* side effects */
}

DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_to_null(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_tval *tv;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	DUK_UNREF(thr);

	tv = duk_require_tval(ctx, index);
	DUK_ASSERT(tv != NULL);
	DUK_TVAL_SET_NULL_UPDREF(thr, tv);  /* side effects */
}

/* E5 Section 9.1 */
DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_to_primitive(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index, duk_int_t hint) {
	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	DUK_ASSERT(hint == DUK_HINT_NONE || hint == DUK_HINT_NUMBER || hint == DUK_HINT_STRING);

	index = duk_require_normalize_index(ctx, index);

	if (!duk_check_type_mask(ctx, index, DUK_TYPE_MASK_OBJECT |
	                                     DUK_TYPE_MASK_LIGHTFUNC)) {
		/* everything except object stay as is */
		return;
	}
	duk_to_defaultvalue(ctx, index, hint);
}

/* E5 Section 9.2 */
DUK_EXTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_to_boolean(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_tval *tv;
	duk_bool_t val;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	DUK_UNREF(thr);

	index = duk_require_normalize_index(ctx, index);

	tv = duk_require_tval(ctx, index);
	DUK_ASSERT(tv != NULL);

	val = duk_js_toboolean(tv);
	DUK_ASSERT(val == 0 || val == 1);

	/* Note: no need to re-lookup tv, conversion is side effect free */
	DUK_ASSERT(tv != NULL);
	DUK_TVAL_SET_BOOLEAN_UPDREF(thr, tv, val);  /* side effects */
	return val;
}

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_double_t duk_to_number(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_tval *tv;
	duk_double_t d;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	tv = duk_require_tval(ctx, index);
	DUK_ASSERT(tv != NULL);
	/* XXX: fastint? */
	d = duk_js_tonumber(thr, tv);

	/* Note: need to re-lookup because ToNumber() may have side effects */
	tv = duk_require_tval(ctx, index);
	DUK_TVAL_SET_NUMBER_UPDREF(thr, tv, d);  /* side effects */
	return d;
}

/* XXX: combine all the integer conversions: they share everything
 * but the helper function for coercion.
 */

typedef duk_double_t (*duk__toint_coercer)(duk_hthread *thr, duk_tval *tv);

DUK_LOCAL duk_double_t duk__to_int_uint_helper(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index, duk__toint_coercer coerce_func) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_tval *tv;
	duk_double_t d;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	tv = duk_require_tval(ctx, index);
	DUK_ASSERT(tv != NULL);
	d = coerce_func(thr, tv);

	/* XXX: fastint? */

	/* Relookup in case coerce_func() has side effects, e.g. ends up coercing an object */
	tv = duk_require_tval(ctx, index);
	DUK_TVAL_SET_NUMBER_UPDREF(thr, tv, d);  /* side effects */
	return d;
}

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_int_t duk_to_int(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	/* Value coercion (in stack): ToInteger(), E5 Section 9.4
	 * API return value coercion: custom
	 */
	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	(void) duk__to_int_uint_helper(ctx, index, duk_js_tointeger);
	return (duk_int_t) duk__api_coerce_d2i(ctx, index, 0 /*require*/);
}

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_uint_t duk_to_uint(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	/* Value coercion (in stack): ToInteger(), E5 Section 9.4
	 * API return value coercion: custom
	 */
	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	(void) duk__to_int_uint_helper(ctx, index, duk_js_tointeger);
	return (duk_uint_t) duk__api_coerce_d2ui(ctx, index, 0 /*require*/);
}

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_int32_t duk_to_int32(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_tval *tv;
	duk_int32_t ret;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	tv = duk_require_tval(ctx, index);
	DUK_ASSERT(tv != NULL);
	ret = duk_js_toint32(thr, tv);

	/* Relookup in case coerce_func() has side effects, e.g. ends up coercing an object */
	tv = duk_require_tval(ctx, index);
	DUK_TVAL_SET_FASTINT_I32_UPDREF(thr, tv, ret);  /* side effects */
	return ret;
}

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_uint32_t duk_to_uint32(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_tval *tv;
	duk_uint32_t ret;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	tv = duk_require_tval(ctx, index);
	DUK_ASSERT(tv != NULL);
	ret = duk_js_touint32(thr, tv);

	/* Relookup in case coerce_func() has side effects, e.g. ends up coercing an object */
	tv = duk_require_tval(ctx, index);
	DUK_TVAL_SET_FASTINT_U32_UPDREF(thr, tv, ret);  /* side effects */
	return ret;
}

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_uint16_t duk_to_uint16(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_tval *tv;
	duk_uint16_t ret;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	tv = duk_require_tval(ctx, index);
	DUK_ASSERT(tv != NULL);
	ret = duk_js_touint16(thr, tv);

	/* Relookup in case coerce_func() has side effects, e.g. ends up coercing an object */
	tv = duk_require_tval(ctx, index);
	DUK_TVAL_SET_FASTINT_U32_UPDREF(thr, tv, ret);  /* side effects */
	return ret;
}

#if defined(DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT)
/* Special coercion for Uint8ClampedArray. */
DUK_INTERNAL duk_uint8_t duk_to_uint8clamped(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	duk_double_t d;
	duk_double_t t;
	duk_uint8_t ret;

	/* XXX: Simplify this algorithm, should be possible to come up with
	 * a shorter and faster algorithm by inspecting IEEE representation
	 * directly.
	 */

	d = duk_to_number(ctx, index);
	if (d <= 0.0) {
		return 0;
	} else if (d >= 255) {
		return 255;
	} else if (DUK_ISNAN(d)) {
		/* Avoid NaN-to-integer coercion as it is compiler specific. */
		return 0;
	}

	t = d - DUK_FLOOR(d);
	if (t == 0.5) {
		/* Exact halfway, round to even. */
		ret = (duk_uint8_t) d;
		ret = (ret + 1) & 0xfe;  /* Example: d=3.5, t=0.5 -> ret = (3 + 1) & 0xfe = 4 & 0xfe = 4
		                          * Example: d=4.5, t=0.5 -> ret = (4 + 1) & 0xfe = 5 & 0xfe = 4
		                          */
	} else {
		/* Not halfway, round to nearest. */
		ret = (duk_uint8_t) (d + 0.5);
	}
	return ret;
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT */

DUK_EXTERNAL const char *duk_to_lstring(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index, duk_size_t *out_len) {
	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	(void) duk_to_string(ctx, index);
	return duk_require_lstring(ctx, index, out_len);
}

DUK_LOCAL duk_ret_t duk__safe_to_string_raw(duk_context *ctx) {
	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	duk_to_string(ctx, -1);
	return 1;
}

DUK_EXTERNAL const char *duk_safe_to_lstring(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index, duk_size_t *out_len) {
	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	index = duk_require_normalize_index(ctx, index);

	/* We intentionally ignore the duk_safe_call() return value and only
	 * check the output type.  This way we don't also need to check that
	 * the returned value is indeed a string in the success case.
	 */

	duk_dup(ctx, index);
	(void) duk_safe_call(ctx, duk__safe_to_string_raw, 1 /*nargs*/, 1 /*nrets*/);
	if (!duk_is_string(ctx, -1)) {
		/* Error: try coercing error to string once. */
		(void) duk_safe_call(ctx, duk__safe_to_string_raw, 1 /*nargs*/, 1 /*nrets*/);
		if (!duk_is_string(ctx, -1)) {
			/* Double error */
			duk_pop(ctx);
			duk_push_hstring_stridx(ctx, DUK_STRIDX_UC_ERROR);
		} else {
			;
		}
	} else {
		;
	}
	DUK_ASSERT(duk_is_string(ctx, -1));
	DUK_ASSERT(duk_get_string(ctx, -1) != NULL);

	duk_replace(ctx, index);
	return duk_get_lstring(ctx, index, out_len);
}

#if defined(DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_SUPPORT)  /* only needed by debugger for now */
DUK_INTERNAL duk_hstring *duk_safe_to_hstring(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	(void) duk_safe_to_string(ctx, index);
	DUK_ASSERT(duk_is_string(ctx, index));
	DUK_ASSERT(duk_get_hstring(ctx, index) != NULL);
	return duk_get_hstring(ctx, index);
}
#endif

/* Coerce top into Object.prototype.toString() output. */
DUK_INTERNAL void duk_to_object_class_string_top(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hthread *thr;
	duk_uint_t typemask;
	duk_hstring *h_strclass;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	DUK_UNREF(thr);

	typemask = duk_get_type_mask(ctx, -1);
	if (typemask & DUK_TYPE_MASK_UNDEFINED) {
		h_strclass = DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_UC_UNDEFINED(thr);
	} else if (typemask & DUK_TYPE_MASK_NULL) {
		h_strclass = DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_UC_NULL(thr);
	} else {
		duk_hobject *h_obj;

		duk_to_object(ctx, -1);
		h_obj = duk_get_hobject(ctx, -1);
		DUK_ASSERT(h_obj != NULL);

		h_strclass = DUK_HOBJECT_GET_CLASS_STRING(thr->heap, h_obj);
	}
	DUK_ASSERT(h_strclass != NULL);

	duk_pop(ctx);
	duk_push_sprintf(ctx, "[object %s]", (const char *) DUK_HSTRING_GET_DATA(h_strclass));
}

#if !defined(DUK_USE_PARANOID_ERRORS)
DUK_INTERNAL void duk_push_hobject_class_string(duk_context *ctx, duk_hobject *h) {
	duk_hthread *thr;
	duk_hstring *h_strclass;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);
	thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	DUK_UNREF(thr);

	h_strclass = DUK_HOBJECT_GET_CLASS_STRING(thr->heap, h);
	DUK_ASSERT(h_strclass != NULL);
	duk_push_sprintf(ctx, "[object %s]", (const char *) DUK_HSTRING_GET_DATA(h_strclass));
}
#endif  /* !DUK_USE_PARANOID_ERRORS */

/* XXX: other variants like uint, u32 etc */
DUK_INTERNAL duk_int_t duk_to_int_clamped_raw(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index, duk_int_t minval, duk_int_t maxval, duk_bool_t *out_clamped) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_tval *tv;
	duk_tval tv_tmp;
	duk_double_t d, dmin, dmax;
	duk_int_t res;
	duk_bool_t clamped = 0;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	tv = duk_require_tval(ctx, index);
	DUK_ASSERT(tv != NULL);
	d = duk_js_tointeger(thr, tv);  /* E5 Section 9.4, ToInteger() */

	dmin = (duk_double_t) minval;
	dmax = (duk_double_t) maxval;

	if (d < dmin) {
		clamped = 1;
		res = minval;
		d = dmin;
	} else if (d > dmax) {
		clamped = 1;
		res = maxval;
		d = dmax;
	} else {
		res = (duk_int_t) d;
	}
	DUK_UNREF(d);  /* SCANBUILD: with suitable dmin/dmax limits 'd' is unused */
	/* 'd' and 'res' agree here */

	/* Relookup in case duk_js_tointeger() ends up e.g. coercing an object. */
	tv = duk_get_tval(ctx, index);
	DUK_ASSERT(tv != NULL);  /* not popped by side effect */
	DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL(&tv_tmp, tv);
#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
#if (DUK_INT_MAX <= 0x7fffffffL)
	DUK_TVAL_SET_FASTINT_I32(tv, res);
#else
	/* Clamping needed if duk_int_t is 64 bits. */
	if (res >= DUK_FASTINT_MIN && res <= DUK_FASTINT_MAX) {
		DUK_TVAL_SET_FASTINT(tv, res);
	} else {
		DUK_TVAL_SET_NUMBER(tv, d);
	}
#endif
#else
	DUK_TVAL_SET_NUMBER(tv, d);  /* no need to incref */
#endif
	DUK_TVAL_DECREF(thr, &tv_tmp);  /* side effects */

	if (out_clamped) {
		*out_clamped = clamped;
	} else {
		/* coerced value is updated to value stack even when RangeError thrown */
		if (clamped) {
			DUK_ERROR_RANGE(thr, DUK_STR_NUMBER_OUTSIDE_RANGE);
		}
	}

	return res;
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_int_t duk_to_int_clamped(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index, duk_idx_t minval, duk_idx_t maxval) {
	duk_bool_t dummy;
	return duk_to_int_clamped_raw(ctx, index, minval, maxval, &dummy);
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_int_t duk_to_int_check_range(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index, duk_int_t minval, duk_int_t maxval) {
	return duk_to_int_clamped_raw(ctx, index, minval, maxval, NULL);  /* out_clamped==NULL -> RangeError if outside range */
}

DUK_EXTERNAL const char *duk_to_string(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_tval *tv;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	DUK_UNREF(thr);

	index = duk_require_normalize_index(ctx, index);

	tv = duk_require_tval(ctx, index);
	DUK_ASSERT(tv != NULL);

	switch (DUK_TVAL_GET_TAG(tv)) {
	case DUK_TAG_UNDEFINED: {
		duk_push_hstring_stridx(ctx, DUK_STRIDX_LC_UNDEFINED);
		break;
	}
	case DUK_TAG_NULL: {
		duk_push_hstring_stridx(ctx, DUK_STRIDX_LC_NULL);
		break;
	}
	case DUK_TAG_BOOLEAN: {
		if (DUK_TVAL_GET_BOOLEAN(tv)) {
			duk_push_hstring_stridx(ctx, DUK_STRIDX_TRUE);
		} else {
			duk_push_hstring_stridx(ctx, DUK_STRIDX_FALSE);
		}
		break;
	}
	case DUK_TAG_STRING: {
		/* nop */
		goto skip_replace;
	}
	case DUK_TAG_OBJECT: {
		duk_to_primitive(ctx, index, DUK_HINT_STRING);
		return duk_to_string(ctx, index);  /* Note: recursive call */
	}
	case DUK_TAG_BUFFER: {
		duk_hbuffer *h = DUK_TVAL_GET_BUFFER(tv);

		/* Note: this allows creation of internal strings. */

		DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);
		duk_push_lstring(ctx,
		                 (const char *) DUK_HBUFFER_GET_DATA_PTR(thr->heap, h),
		                 (duk_size_t) DUK_HBUFFER_GET_SIZE(h));
		break;
	}
	case DUK_TAG_POINTER: {
		void *ptr = DUK_TVAL_GET_POINTER(tv);
		if (ptr != NULL) {
			duk_push_sprintf(ctx, DUK_STR_FMT_PTR, (void *) ptr);
		} else {
			/* Represent a null pointer as 'null' to be consistent with
			 * the JX format variant.  Native '%p' format for a NULL
			 * pointer may be e.g. '(nil)'.
			 */
			duk_push_hstring_stridx(ctx, DUK_STRIDX_LC_NULL);
		}
		break;
	}
	case DUK_TAG_LIGHTFUNC: {
		/* Should match Function.prototype.toString() */
		duk_push_lightfunc_tostring(ctx, tv);
		break;
	}
#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
	case DUK_TAG_FASTINT:
#endif
	default: {
		/* number */
		DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_TVAL_IS_UNUSED(tv));
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv));
		duk_push_tval(ctx, tv);
		duk_numconv_stringify(ctx,
		                      10 /*radix*/,
		                      0 /*precision:shortest*/,
		                      0 /*force_exponential*/);
		break;
	}
	}

	duk_replace(ctx, index);

 skip_replace:
	return duk_require_string(ctx, index);
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_hstring *duk_to_hstring(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	duk_hstring *ret;
	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	duk_to_string(ctx, index);
	ret = duk_get_hstring(ctx, index);
	DUK_ASSERT(ret != NULL);
	return ret;
}

DUK_EXTERNAL void *duk_to_buffer_raw(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index, duk_size_t *out_size, duk_uint_t mode) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_hbuffer *h_buf;
	const duk_uint8_t *src_data;
	duk_size_t src_size;
	duk_uint8_t *dst_data;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	DUK_UNREF(thr);

	index = duk_require_normalize_index(ctx, index);

	h_buf = duk_get_hbuffer(ctx, index);
	if (h_buf != NULL) {
		/* Buffer is kept as is, with the fixed/dynamic nature of the
		 * buffer only changed if requested.  An external buffer
		 * is converted into a non-external dynamic buffer in a
		 * duk_to_dynamic_buffer() call.
		 */
		duk_uint_t tmp;
		duk_uint8_t *tmp_ptr;

		tmp_ptr = (duk_uint8_t *) DUK_HBUFFER_GET_DATA_PTR(thr->heap, h_buf);
		src_data = (const duk_uint8_t *) tmp_ptr;
		src_size = DUK_HBUFFER_GET_SIZE(h_buf);

		tmp = (DUK_HBUFFER_HAS_DYNAMIC(h_buf) ? DUK_BUF_MODE_DYNAMIC : DUK_BUF_MODE_FIXED);
		if ((tmp == mode && !DUK_HBUFFER_HAS_EXTERNAL(h_buf)) ||
		    mode == DUK_BUF_MODE_DONTCARE) {
			/* Note: src_data may be NULL if input is a zero-size
			 * dynamic buffer.
			 */
			dst_data = tmp_ptr;
			goto skip_copy;
		}
	} else {
		/* Non-buffer value is first ToString() coerced, then converted
		 * to a buffer (fixed buffer is used unless a dynamic buffer is
		 * explicitly requested).
		 */

		src_data = (const duk_uint8_t *) duk_to_lstring(ctx, index, &src_size);
	}

	dst_data = (duk_uint8_t *) duk_push_buffer(ctx, src_size, (mode == DUK_BUF_MODE_DYNAMIC) /*dynamic*/);
	if (DUK_LIKELY(src_size > 0)) {
		/* When src_size == 0, src_data may be NULL (if source
		 * buffer is dynamic), and dst_data may be NULL (if
		 * target buffer is dynamic).  Avoid zero-size memcpy()
		 * with an invalid pointer.
		 */
		DUK_MEMCPY((void *) dst_data, (const void *) src_data, (size_t) src_size);
	}
	duk_replace(ctx, index);
 skip_copy:

	if (out_size) {
		*out_size = src_size;
	}
	return dst_data;
}

DUK_EXTERNAL void *duk_to_pointer(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	duk_tval *tv;
	void *res;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	index = duk_require_normalize_index(ctx, index);

	tv = duk_require_tval(ctx, index);
	DUK_ASSERT(tv != NULL);

	switch (DUK_TVAL_GET_TAG(tv)) {
	case DUK_TAG_UNDEFINED:
	case DUK_TAG_NULL:
	case DUK_TAG_BOOLEAN:
		res = NULL;
		break;
	case DUK_TAG_POINTER:
		res = DUK_TVAL_GET_POINTER(tv);
		break;
	case DUK_TAG_STRING:
	case DUK_TAG_OBJECT:
	case DUK_TAG_BUFFER:
		/* Heap allocated: return heap pointer which is NOT useful
		 * for the caller, except for debugging.
		 */
		res = (void *) DUK_TVAL_GET_HEAPHDR(tv);
		break;
	case DUK_TAG_LIGHTFUNC:
		/* Function pointers do not always cast correctly to void *
		 * (depends on memory and segmentation model for instance),
		 * so they coerce to NULL.
		 */
		res = NULL;
		break;
#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
	case DUK_TAG_FASTINT:
#endif
	default:
		/* number */
		DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_TVAL_IS_UNUSED(tv));
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv));
		res = NULL;
		break;
	}

	duk_push_pointer(ctx, res);
	duk_replace(ctx, index);
	return res;
}

DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_to_object(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_tval *tv;
	duk_uint_t flags = 0;   /* shared flags for a subset of types */
	duk_small_int_t proto = 0;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	index = duk_require_normalize_index(ctx, index);

	tv = duk_require_tval(ctx, index);
	DUK_ASSERT(tv != NULL);

	switch (DUK_TVAL_GET_TAG(tv)) {
	case DUK_TAG_UNDEFINED:
	case DUK_TAG_NULL: {
		DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, DUK_STR_NOT_OBJECT_COERCIBLE);
		break;
	}
	case DUK_TAG_BOOLEAN: {
		flags = DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXTENSIBLE |
		        DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_AS_FLAGS(DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_BOOLEAN);
		proto = DUK_BIDX_BOOLEAN_PROTOTYPE;
		goto create_object;
	}
	case DUK_TAG_STRING: {
		flags = DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXTENSIBLE |
		        DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXOTIC_STRINGOBJ |
		        DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_AS_FLAGS(DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_STRING);
		proto = DUK_BIDX_STRING_PROTOTYPE;
		goto create_object;
	}
	case DUK_TAG_OBJECT: {
		/* nop */
		break;
	}
	case DUK_TAG_BUFFER: {
		/* A plain buffer coerces to a Duktape.Buffer because it's the
		 * object counterpart of the plain buffer value.  But it might
		 * still make more sense to produce an ArrayBuffer here?
		 */

		duk_hbufferobject *h_bufobj;
		duk_hbuffer *h_val;

		h_val = DUK_TVAL_GET_BUFFER(tv);
		DUK_ASSERT(h_val != NULL);

		h_bufobj = duk_push_bufferobject_raw(ctx,
		                                     DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXTENSIBLE |
		                                     DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_BUFFEROBJECT |
		                                     DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_AS_FLAGS(DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_BUFFER),
		                                     DUK_BIDX_BUFFER_PROTOTYPE);
		DUK_ASSERT(h_bufobj != NULL);
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXTENSIBLE((duk_hobject *) h_bufobj));
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_IS_BUFFEROBJECT((duk_hobject *) h_bufobj));

		h_bufobj->buf = h_val;
		DUK_HBUFFER_INCREF(thr, h_val);
		DUK_ASSERT(h_bufobj->offset == 0);
		h_bufobj->length = (duk_uint_t) DUK_HBUFFER_GET_SIZE(h_val);
		DUK_ASSERT(h_bufobj->shift == 0);
		DUK_ASSERT(h_bufobj->elem_type == DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_ELEM_UINT8);

		DUK_ASSERT_HBUFFEROBJECT_VALID(h_bufobj);
		goto replace_value;
	}
	case DUK_TAG_POINTER: {
		flags = DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXTENSIBLE |
		        DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_AS_FLAGS(DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_POINTER);
		proto = DUK_BIDX_POINTER_PROTOTYPE;
		goto create_object;
	}
	case DUK_TAG_LIGHTFUNC: {
		/* Lightfunc coerces to a Function instance with concrete
		 * properties.  Since 'length' is virtual for Duktape/C
		 * functions, don't need to define that.
		 *
		 * The result is made extensible to mimic what happens to
		 * strings:
		 *   > Object.isExtensible(Object('foo'))
		 *   true
		 */
		duk_small_uint_t lf_flags;
		duk_idx_t nargs;
		duk_small_uint_t lf_len;
		duk_c_function func;
		duk_hnativefunction *nf;

		DUK_TVAL_GET_LIGHTFUNC(tv, func, lf_flags);

		nargs = (duk_idx_t) DUK_LFUNC_FLAGS_GET_NARGS(lf_flags);
		if (nargs == DUK_LFUNC_NARGS_VARARGS) {
			nargs = (duk_idx_t) DUK_VARARGS;
		}
		flags = DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXTENSIBLE |
		        DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_CONSTRUCTABLE |
		        DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_NATIVEFUNCTION |
	                DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_NEWENV |
	                DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_STRICT |
	                DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_NOTAIL |
			/* DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXOTIC_DUKFUNC: omitted here intentionally */
	                DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_AS_FLAGS(DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_FUNCTION);
		(void) duk__push_c_function_raw(ctx, func, nargs, flags);

		lf_len = DUK_LFUNC_FLAGS_GET_LENGTH(lf_flags);
		if ((duk_idx_t) lf_len != nargs) {
			/* Explicit length is only needed if it differs from 'nargs'. */
			duk_push_int(ctx, (duk_int_t) lf_len);
			duk_xdef_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_LENGTH, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_NONE);
		}
		duk_push_lightfunc_name(ctx, tv);
		duk_xdef_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_NAME, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_NONE);

		nf = duk_get_hnativefunction(ctx, -1);
		DUK_ASSERT(nf != NULL);
		nf->magic = (duk_int16_t) DUK_LFUNC_FLAGS_GET_MAGIC(lf_flags);

		/* Enable DUKFUNC exotic behavior once properties are set up. */
		DUK_HOBJECT_SET_EXOTIC_DUKFUNC((duk_hobject *) nf);
		goto replace_value;
	}
#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
	case DUK_TAG_FASTINT:
#endif
	default: {
		DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_TVAL_IS_UNUSED(tv));
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv));
		flags = DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXTENSIBLE |
		               DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_AS_FLAGS(DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_NUMBER);
		proto = DUK_BIDX_NUMBER_PROTOTYPE;
		goto create_object;
	}
	}
	return;

 create_object:
	(void) duk_push_object_helper(ctx, flags, proto);

	/* Note: Boolean prototype's internal value property is not writable,
	 * but duk_xdef_prop_stridx() disregards the write protection.  Boolean
	 * instances are immutable.
	 *
	 * String and buffer special behaviors are already enabled which is not
	 * ideal, but a write to the internal value is not affected by them.
	 */
	duk_dup(ctx, index);
	duk_xdef_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_INT_VALUE, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_NONE);

 replace_value:
	duk_replace(ctx, index);
}

/*
 *  Type checking
 */

DUK_LOCAL duk_bool_t duk__tag_check(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index, duk_small_uint_t tag) {
	duk_tval *tv;

	tv = duk_get_tval(ctx, index);
	if (!tv) {
		return 0;
	}
	return (DUK_TVAL_GET_TAG(tv) == tag);
}

DUK_LOCAL duk_bool_t duk__obj_flag_any_default_false(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index, duk_uint_t flag_mask) {
	duk_hobject *obj;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	obj = duk_get_hobject(ctx, index);
	if (obj) {
		return (DUK_HEAPHDR_CHECK_FLAG_BITS((duk_heaphdr *) obj, flag_mask) ? 1 : 0);
	}
	return 0;
}

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_int_t duk_get_type(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	duk_tval *tv;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	tv = duk_get_tval(ctx, index);
	if (!tv) {
		return DUK_TYPE_NONE;
	}
	switch (DUK_TVAL_GET_TAG(tv)) {
	case DUK_TAG_UNDEFINED:
		return DUK_TYPE_UNDEFINED;
	case DUK_TAG_NULL:
		return DUK_TYPE_NULL;
	case DUK_TAG_BOOLEAN:
		return DUK_TYPE_BOOLEAN;
	case DUK_TAG_STRING:
		return DUK_TYPE_STRING;
	case DUK_TAG_OBJECT:
		return DUK_TYPE_OBJECT;
	case DUK_TAG_BUFFER:
		return DUK_TYPE_BUFFER;
	case DUK_TAG_POINTER:
		return DUK_TYPE_POINTER;
	case DUK_TAG_LIGHTFUNC:
		return DUK_TYPE_LIGHTFUNC;
#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
	case DUK_TAG_FASTINT:
#endif
	default:
		/* Note: number has no explicit tag (in 8-byte representation) */
		DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_TVAL_IS_UNUSED(tv));
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv));
		return DUK_TYPE_NUMBER;
	}
	DUK_UNREACHABLE();
}

#if defined(DUK_USE_VERBOSE_ERRORS) && defined(DUK_USE_PARANOID_ERRORS)
DUK_LOCAL const char *duk__type_names[] = {
	"none",
	"undefined",
	"null",
	"boolean",
	"number",
	"string",
	"object",
	"buffer",
	"pointer",
	"lightfunc"
};

DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_get_type_name(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	duk_int_t type_tag;

	type_tag = duk_get_type(ctx, index);
	DUK_ASSERT(type_tag >= DUK_TYPE_MIN && type_tag <= DUK_TYPE_MAX);
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TYPE_MIN == 0 && sizeof(duk__type_names) / sizeof(const char *) == DUK_TYPE_MAX + 1);

	return duk__type_names[type_tag];
}
#endif

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_check_type(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index, duk_int_t type) {
	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	return (duk_get_type(ctx, index) == type) ? 1 : 0;
}

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_uint_t duk_get_type_mask(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	duk_tval *tv;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	tv = duk_get_tval(ctx, index);
	if (!tv) {
		return DUK_TYPE_MASK_NONE;
	}
	switch (DUK_TVAL_GET_TAG(tv)) {
	case DUK_TAG_UNDEFINED:
		return DUK_TYPE_MASK_UNDEFINED;
	case DUK_TAG_NULL:
		return DUK_TYPE_MASK_NULL;
	case DUK_TAG_BOOLEAN:
		return DUK_TYPE_MASK_BOOLEAN;
	case DUK_TAG_STRING:
		return DUK_TYPE_MASK_STRING;
	case DUK_TAG_OBJECT:
		return DUK_TYPE_MASK_OBJECT;
	case DUK_TAG_BUFFER:
		return DUK_TYPE_MASK_BUFFER;
	case DUK_TAG_POINTER:
		return DUK_TYPE_MASK_POINTER;
	case DUK_TAG_LIGHTFUNC:
		return DUK_TYPE_MASK_LIGHTFUNC;
#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
	case DUK_TAG_FASTINT:
#endif
	default:
		/* Note: number has no explicit tag (in 8-byte representation) */
		DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_TVAL_IS_UNUSED(tv));
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv));
		return DUK_TYPE_MASK_NUMBER;
	}
	DUK_UNREACHABLE();
}

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_check_type_mask(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index, duk_uint_t mask) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	if (duk_get_type_mask(ctx, index) & mask) {
		return 1;
	}
	if (mask & DUK_TYPE_MASK_THROW) {
		DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, DUK_STR_UNEXPECTED_TYPE);
		DUK_UNREACHABLE();
	}
	return 0;
}

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_is_undefined(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	return duk__tag_check(ctx, index, DUK_TAG_UNDEFINED);
}

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_is_null(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	return duk__tag_check(ctx, index, DUK_TAG_NULL);
}

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_is_null_or_undefined(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	duk_tval *tv;
	duk_small_uint_t tag;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	tv = duk_get_tval(ctx, index);
	if (!tv) {
		return 0;
	}
	tag = DUK_TVAL_GET_TAG(tv);
	return (tag == DUK_TAG_UNDEFINED) || (tag == DUK_TAG_NULL);
}

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_is_boolean(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	return duk__tag_check(ctx, index, DUK_TAG_BOOLEAN);
}

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_is_number(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	duk_tval *tv;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	/*
	 *  Number is special because it doesn't have a specific
	 *  tag in the 8-byte representation.
	 */

	/* XXX: shorter version for 12-byte representation? */

	tv = duk_get_tval(ctx, index);
	if (!tv) {
		return 0;
	}
	return DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv);
}

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_is_nan(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	/* XXX: This will now return false for non-numbers, even though they would
	 * coerce to NaN (as a general rule).  In particular, duk_get_number()
	 * returns a NaN for non-numbers, so should this function also return
	 * true for non-numbers?
	 */

	duk_tval *tv;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	tv = duk_get_tval(ctx, index);
	if (!tv || !DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv)) {
		return 0;
	}
	return DUK_ISNAN(DUK_TVAL_GET_NUMBER(tv));
}

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_is_string(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	return duk__tag_check(ctx, index, DUK_TAG_STRING);
}

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_is_object(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	return duk__tag_check(ctx, index, DUK_TAG_OBJECT);
}

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_is_buffer(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	return duk__tag_check(ctx, index, DUK_TAG_BUFFER);
}

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_is_pointer(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	return duk__tag_check(ctx, index, DUK_TAG_POINTER);
}

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_is_lightfunc(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	return duk__tag_check(ctx, index, DUK_TAG_LIGHTFUNC);
}

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_is_array(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	duk_hobject *obj;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	obj = duk_get_hobject(ctx, index);
	if (obj) {
		return (DUK_HOBJECT_GET_CLASS_NUMBER(obj) == DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_ARRAY ? 1 : 0);
	}
	return 0;
}

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_is_function(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	duk_tval *tv;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	tv = duk_get_tval(ctx, index);
	if (tv && DUK_TVAL_IS_LIGHTFUNC(tv)) {
		return 1;
	}
	return duk__obj_flag_any_default_false(ctx,
	                                       index,
	                                       DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_COMPILEDFUNCTION |
	                                       DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_NATIVEFUNCTION |
	                                       DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_BOUND);
}

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_is_c_function(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	return duk__obj_flag_any_default_false(ctx,
	                                       index,
	                                       DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_NATIVEFUNCTION);
}

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_is_ecmascript_function(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	return duk__obj_flag_any_default_false(ctx,
	                                       index,
	                                       DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_COMPILEDFUNCTION);
}

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_is_bound_function(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	return duk__obj_flag_any_default_false(ctx,
	                                       index,
	                                       DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_BOUND);
}

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_is_thread(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	return duk__obj_flag_any_default_false(ctx,
	                                       index,
	                                       DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_THREAD);
}

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_is_fixed_buffer(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	duk_tval *tv;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	tv = duk_get_tval(ctx, index);
	if (tv && DUK_TVAL_IS_BUFFER(tv)) {
		duk_hbuffer *h = DUK_TVAL_GET_BUFFER(tv);
		DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);
		return (DUK_HBUFFER_HAS_DYNAMIC(h) ? 0 : 1);
	}
	return 0;
}

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_is_dynamic_buffer(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	duk_tval *tv;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	tv = duk_get_tval(ctx, index);
	if (tv && DUK_TVAL_IS_BUFFER(tv)) {
		duk_hbuffer *h = DUK_TVAL_GET_BUFFER(tv);
		DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);
		return (DUK_HBUFFER_HAS_DYNAMIC(h) && !DUK_HBUFFER_HAS_EXTERNAL(h) ? 1 : 0);
	}
	return 0;
}

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_is_external_buffer(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	duk_tval *tv;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	tv = duk_get_tval(ctx, index);
	if (tv && DUK_TVAL_IS_BUFFER(tv)) {
		duk_hbuffer *h = DUK_TVAL_GET_BUFFER(tv);
		DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);
		return (DUK_HBUFFER_HAS_DYNAMIC(h) && DUK_HBUFFER_HAS_EXTERNAL(h) ? 1 : 0);
	}
	return 0;
}

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_errcode_t duk_get_error_code(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_hobject *h;
	duk_uint_t sanity;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	h = duk_get_hobject(ctx, index);

	sanity = DUK_HOBJECT_PROTOTYPE_CHAIN_SANITY;
	do {
		if (!h) {
			return DUK_ERR_NONE;
		}
		if (h == thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_EVAL_ERROR_PROTOTYPE]) {
			return DUK_ERR_EVAL_ERROR;
		}
		if (h == thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_RANGE_ERROR_PROTOTYPE]) {
			return DUK_ERR_RANGE_ERROR;
		}
		if (h == thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_REFERENCE_ERROR_PROTOTYPE]) {
			return DUK_ERR_REFERENCE_ERROR;
		}
		if (h == thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_SYNTAX_ERROR_PROTOTYPE]) {
			return DUK_ERR_SYNTAX_ERROR;
		}
		if (h == thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_TYPE_ERROR_PROTOTYPE]) {
			return DUK_ERR_TYPE_ERROR;
		}
		if (h == thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_URI_ERROR_PROTOTYPE]) {
			return DUK_ERR_URI_ERROR;
		}
		if (h == thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_ERROR_PROTOTYPE]) {
			return DUK_ERR_ERROR;
		}

		h = DUK_HOBJECT_GET_PROTOTYPE(thr->heap, h);
	} while (--sanity > 0);

	return DUK_ERR_NONE;
}

/*
 *  Pushers
 */

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_push_tval(duk_context *ctx, duk_tval *tv) {
	duk_hthread *thr;
	duk_tval *tv_slot;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	DUK_ASSERT(tv != NULL);
	thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	DUK__CHECK_SPACE();
	tv_slot = thr->valstack_top++;
	DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL(tv_slot, tv);
	DUK_TVAL_INCREF(thr, tv);  /* no side effects */
}

DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_push_undefined(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hthread *thr;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	DUK__CHECK_SPACE();

	/* Because value stack init policy is 'undefined above top',
	 * we don't need to write, just assert.
	 */
	thr->valstack_top++;
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_UNDEFINED(thr->valstack_top - 1));
}

DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_push_null(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hthread *thr;
	duk_tval *tv_slot;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	DUK__CHECK_SPACE();
	tv_slot = thr->valstack_top++;
	DUK_TVAL_SET_NULL(tv_slot);
}

DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_push_boolean(duk_context *ctx, duk_bool_t val) {
	duk_hthread *thr;
	duk_tval *tv_slot;
	duk_small_int_t b;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	DUK__CHECK_SPACE();
	b = (val ? 1 : 0);  /* ensure value is 1 or 0 (not other non-zero) */
	tv_slot = thr->valstack_top++;
	DUK_TVAL_SET_BOOLEAN(tv_slot, b);
}

DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_push_true(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hthread *thr;
	duk_tval *tv_slot;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	DUK__CHECK_SPACE();
	tv_slot = thr->valstack_top++;
	DUK_TVAL_SET_BOOLEAN_TRUE(tv_slot);
}

DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_push_false(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hthread *thr;
	duk_tval *tv_slot;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	DUK__CHECK_SPACE();
	tv_slot = thr->valstack_top++;
	DUK_TVAL_SET_BOOLEAN_FALSE(tv_slot);
}

/* normalize NaN which may not match our canonical internal NaN */
DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_push_number(duk_context *ctx, duk_double_t val) {
	duk_hthread *thr;
	duk_tval *tv_slot;
	duk_double_union du;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	DUK__CHECK_SPACE();
	du.d = val;
	DUK_DBLUNION_NORMALIZE_NAN_CHECK(&du);
	tv_slot = thr->valstack_top++;
	DUK_TVAL_SET_NUMBER(tv_slot, du.d);
}

DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_push_int(duk_context *ctx, duk_int_t val) {
#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
	duk_hthread *thr;
	duk_tval *tv_slot;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	DUK__CHECK_SPACE();
	tv_slot = thr->valstack_top++;
#if DUK_INT_MAX <= 0x7fffffffL
	DUK_TVAL_SET_FASTINT_I32(tv_slot, (duk_int32_t) val);
#else
	if (val >= DUK_FASTINT_MIN && val <= DUK_FASTINT_MAX) {
		DUK_TVAL_SET_FASTINT(tv_slot, (duk_int64_t) val);
	} else {
		duk_double_t = (duk_double_t) val;
		DUK_TVAL_SET_NUMBER(tv_slot, d);
	}
#endif
#else  /* DUK_USE_FASTINT */
	duk_hthread *thr;
	duk_tval *tv_slot;
	duk_double_t d;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	DUK__CHECK_SPACE();
	d = (duk_double_t) val;
	tv_slot = thr->valstack_top++;
	DUK_TVAL_SET_NUMBER(tv_slot, d);
#endif  /* DUK_USE_FASTINT */
}

DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_push_uint(duk_context *ctx, duk_uint_t val) {
#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
	duk_hthread *thr;
	duk_tval *tv_slot;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	DUK__CHECK_SPACE();
	tv_slot = thr->valstack_top++;
#if DUK_UINT_MAX <= 0xffffffffUL
	DUK_TVAL_SET_FASTINT_U32(tv_slot, (duk_uint32_t) val);
#else
	if (val <= DUK_FASTINT_MAX) {  /* val is unsigned so >= 0 */
		/* XXX: take advantage of val being unsigned, no need to mask */
		DUK_TVAL_SET_FASTINT(tv_slot, (duk_int64_t) val);
	} else {
		duk_double_t = (duk_double_t) val;
		DUK_TVAL_SET_NUMBER(tv_slot, d);
	}
#endif
#else  /* DUK_USE_FASTINT */
	duk_hthread *thr;
	duk_tval *tv_slot;
	duk_double_t d;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	DUK__CHECK_SPACE();
	d = (duk_double_t) val;
	tv_slot = thr->valstack_top++;
	DUK_TVAL_SET_NUMBER(tv_slot, d);
#endif  /* DUK_USE_FASTINT */
}

DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_push_nan(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hthread *thr;
	duk_tval *tv_slot;
	duk_double_union du;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	DUK__CHECK_SPACE();
	DUK_DBLUNION_SET_NAN(&du);
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_DBLUNION_IS_NORMALIZED(&du));
	tv_slot = thr->valstack_top++;
	DUK_TVAL_SET_NUMBER(tv_slot, du.d);
}

DUK_EXTERNAL const char *duk_push_lstring(duk_context *ctx, const char *str, duk_size_t len) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_hstring *h;
	duk_tval *tv_slot;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	/* check stack before interning (avoid hanging temp) */
	if (thr->valstack_top >= thr->valstack_end) {
		DUK_ERROR_API(thr, DUK_STR_PUSH_BEYOND_ALLOC_STACK);
	}

	/* NULL with zero length represents an empty string; NULL with higher
	 * length is also now trated like an empty string although it is
	 * a bit dubious.  This is unlike duk_push_string() which pushes a
	 * 'null' if the input string is a NULL.
	 */
	if (!str) {
		len = 0;
	}

	/* Check for maximum string length */
	if (len > DUK_HSTRING_MAX_BYTELEN) {
		DUK_ERROR_RANGE(thr, DUK_STR_STRING_TOO_LONG);
	}

	h = duk_heap_string_intern_checked(thr, (const duk_uint8_t *) str, (duk_uint32_t) len);
	DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);

	tv_slot = thr->valstack_top++;
	DUK_TVAL_SET_STRING(tv_slot, h);
	DUK_HSTRING_INCREF(thr, h);  /* no side effects */

	return (const char *) DUK_HSTRING_GET_DATA(h);
}

DUK_EXTERNAL const char *duk_push_string(duk_context *ctx, const char *str) {
	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	if (str) {
		return duk_push_lstring(ctx, str, DUK_STRLEN(str));
	} else {
		duk_push_null(ctx);
		return NULL;
	}
}

#ifdef DUK_USE_FILE_IO
/* This is a bit clunky because it is ANSI C portable.  Should perhaps
 * relocate to another file because this is potentially platform
 * dependent.
 */
DUK_EXTERNAL const char *duk_push_string_file_raw(duk_context *ctx, const char *path, duk_uint_t flags) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_file *f = NULL;
	char *buf;
	long sz;  /* ANSI C typing */

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	if (!path) {
		goto fail;
	}
	f = DUK_FOPEN(path, "rb");
	if (!f) {
		goto fail;
	}
	if (DUK_FSEEK(f, 0, SEEK_END) < 0) {
		goto fail;
	}
	sz = DUK_FTELL(f);
	if (sz < 0) {
		goto fail;
	}
	if (DUK_FSEEK(f, 0, SEEK_SET) < 0) {
		goto fail;
	}
	buf = (char *) duk_push_fixed_buffer(ctx, (duk_size_t) sz);
	DUK_ASSERT(buf != NULL);
	if ((duk_size_t) DUK_FREAD(buf, 1, (size_t) sz, f) != (duk_size_t) sz) {
		goto fail;
	}
	(void) DUK_FCLOSE(f);  /* ignore fclose() error */
	f = NULL;
	return duk_to_string(ctx, -1);

 fail:
	if (f) {
		DUK_FCLOSE(f);
	}

	if (flags != 0) {
		DUK_ASSERT(flags == DUK_STRING_PUSH_SAFE);  /* only flag now */
		duk_push_undefined(ctx);
	} else {
		/* XXX: string not shared because it is conditional */
		DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, "read file error");
	}
	return NULL;
}
#else
DUK_EXTERNAL const char *duk_push_string_file_raw(duk_context *ctx, const char *path, duk_uint_t flags) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	DUK_UNREF(path);

	if (flags != 0) {
		DUK_ASSERT(flags == DUK_STRING_PUSH_SAFE);  /* only flag now */
		duk_push_undefined(ctx);
	} else {
		/* XXX: string not shared because it is conditional */
		DUK_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED(thr, "file I/O disabled");
	}
	return NULL;
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_FILE_IO */

DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_push_pointer(duk_context *ctx, void *val) {
	duk_hthread *thr;
	duk_tval *tv_slot;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	DUK__CHECK_SPACE();
	tv_slot = thr->valstack_top++;
	DUK_TVAL_SET_POINTER(tv_slot, val);
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__push_this_helper(duk_context *ctx, duk_small_uint_t check_object_coercible) {
	duk_hthread *thr;
	duk_tval *tv_slot;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(thr->callstack_top >= 0);  /* avoid warning (unsigned) */
	thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->callstack_top <= thr->callstack_size);
	DUK__CHECK_SPACE();

	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_UNDEFINED(thr->valstack_top));  /* because of valstack init policy */
	tv_slot = thr->valstack_top++;

	if (DUK_UNLIKELY(thr->callstack_top == 0)) {
		if (check_object_coercible) {
			goto type_error;
		}
		/* 'undefined' already on stack top */
	} else {
		duk_tval *tv;

		/* 'this' binding is just before current activation's bottom */
		DUK_ASSERT(thr->valstack_bottom > thr->valstack);
		tv = thr->valstack_bottom - 1;
		if (check_object_coercible &&
		    (DUK_TVAL_IS_UNDEFINED(tv) || DUK_TVAL_IS_NULL(tv))) {
			/* XXX: better macro for DUK_TVAL_IS_UNDEFINED_OR_NULL(tv) */
			goto type_error;
		}

		DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL(tv_slot, tv);
		DUK_TVAL_INCREF(thr, tv);
	}
	return;

 type_error:
	DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, DUK_STR_NOT_OBJECT_COERCIBLE);
}

DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_push_this(duk_context *ctx) {
	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	duk__push_this_helper(ctx, 0 /*check_object_coercible*/);
}

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_push_this_check_object_coercible(duk_context *ctx) {
	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	duk__push_this_helper(ctx, 1 /*check_object_coercible*/);
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_hobject *duk_push_this_coercible_to_object(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hobject *h;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	duk__push_this_helper(ctx, 1 /*check_object_coercible*/);
	duk_to_object(ctx, -1);
	h = duk_get_hobject(ctx, -1);
	DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);
	return h;
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_hstring *duk_push_this_coercible_to_string(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hstring *h;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	duk__push_this_helper(ctx, 1 /*check_object_coercible*/);
	duk_to_string(ctx, -1);
	h = duk_get_hstring(ctx, -1);
	DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);
	return h;
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_tval *duk_get_borrowed_this_tval(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hthread *thr;

	DUK_ASSERT(ctx != NULL);
	thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr->callstack_top > 0);  /* caller required to know */
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->valstack_bottom > thr->valstack);  /* consequence of above */
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->valstack_bottom - 1 >= thr->valstack);  /* 'this' binding exists */

	return thr->valstack_bottom - 1;
}

DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_push_current_function(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_activation *act;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(thr->callstack_top >= 0);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->callstack_top <= thr->callstack_size);

	act = duk_hthread_get_current_activation(thr);
	if (act) {
		duk_push_tval(ctx, &act->tv_func);
	} else {
		duk_push_undefined(ctx);
	}
}

DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_push_current_thread(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);

	if (thr->heap->curr_thread) {
		duk_push_hobject(ctx, (duk_hobject *) thr->heap->curr_thread);
	} else {
		duk_push_undefined(ctx);
	}
}

DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_push_global_object(duk_context *ctx) {
	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	duk_push_hobject_bidx(ctx, DUK_BIDX_GLOBAL);
}

/* XXX: size optimize */
DUK_LOCAL void duk__push_stash(duk_context *ctx) {
	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	if (!duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, -1, DUK_STRIDX_INT_VALUE)) {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("creating heap/global/thread stash on first use"));
		duk_pop(ctx);
		duk_push_object_internal(ctx);
		duk_dup_top(ctx);
		duk_xdef_prop_stridx(ctx, -3, DUK_STRIDX_INT_VALUE, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_C);  /* [ ... parent stash stash ] -> [ ... parent stash ] */
	}
	duk_remove(ctx, -2);
}

DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_push_heap_stash(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_heap *heap;
	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	heap = thr->heap;
	DUK_ASSERT(heap->heap_object != NULL);
	duk_push_hobject(ctx, heap->heap_object);
	duk__push_stash(ctx);
}

DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_push_global_stash(duk_context *ctx) {
	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	duk_push_global_object(ctx);
	duk__push_stash(ctx);
}

DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_push_thread_stash(duk_context *ctx, duk_context *target_ctx) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	if (!target_ctx) {
		DUK_ERROR_API(thr, DUK_STR_INVALID_CALL_ARGS);
		return;  /* not reached */
	}
	duk_push_hobject(ctx, (duk_hobject *) target_ctx);
	duk__push_stash(ctx);
}

/* XXX: duk_ssize_t would be useful here */
DUK_LOCAL duk_int_t duk__try_push_vsprintf(duk_context *ctx, void *buf, duk_size_t sz, const char *fmt, va_list ap) {
	duk_int_t len;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	DUK_UNREF(ctx);

	/* NUL terminator handling doesn't matter here */
	len = DUK_VSNPRINTF((char *) buf, sz, fmt, ap);
	if (len < (duk_int_t) sz) {
		/* Return value of 'sz' or more indicates output was (potentially)
		 * truncated.
		 */
		return (duk_int_t) len;
	}
	return -1;
}

DUK_EXTERNAL const char *duk_push_vsprintf(duk_context *ctx, const char *fmt, va_list ap) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_uint8_t stack_buf[DUK_PUSH_SPRINTF_INITIAL_SIZE];
	duk_size_t sz = DUK_PUSH_SPRINTF_INITIAL_SIZE;
	duk_bool_t pushed_buf = 0;
	void *buf;
	duk_int_t len;  /* XXX: duk_ssize_t */
	const char *res;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	/* special handling of fmt==NULL */
	if (!fmt) {
		duk_hstring *h_str;
		duk_push_hstring_stridx(ctx, DUK_STRIDX_EMPTY_STRING);
		h_str = DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_EMPTY_STRING(thr);  /* rely on interning, must be this string */
		return (const char *) DUK_HSTRING_GET_DATA(h_str);
	}

	/* initial estimate based on format string */
	sz = DUK_STRLEN(fmt) + 16;  /* format plus something to avoid just missing */
	if (sz < DUK_PUSH_SPRINTF_INITIAL_SIZE) {
		sz = DUK_PUSH_SPRINTF_INITIAL_SIZE;
	}
	DUK_ASSERT(sz > 0);

	/* Try to make do with a stack buffer to avoid allocating a temporary buffer.
	 * This works 99% of the time which is quite nice.
	 */
	for (;;) {
		va_list ap_copy;  /* copied so that 'ap' can be reused */

		if (sz <= sizeof(stack_buf)) {
			buf = stack_buf;
		} else if (!pushed_buf) {
			pushed_buf = 1;
			buf = duk_push_dynamic_buffer(ctx, sz);
		} else {
			buf = duk_resize_buffer(ctx, -1, sz);
		}
		DUK_ASSERT(buf != NULL);

		DUK_VA_COPY(ap_copy, ap);
		len = duk__try_push_vsprintf(ctx, buf, sz, fmt, ap_copy);
		va_end(ap_copy);
		if (len >= 0) {
			break;
		}

		/* failed, resize and try again */
		sz = sz * 2;
		if (sz >= DUK_PUSH_SPRINTF_SANITY_LIMIT) {
			DUK_ERROR_API(thr, DUK_STR_SPRINTF_TOO_LONG);
		}
	}

	/* Cannot use duk_to_string() on the buffer because it is usually
	 * larger than 'len'.  Also, 'buf' is usually a stack buffer.
	 */
	res = duk_push_lstring(ctx, (const char *) buf, (duk_size_t) len);  /* [ buf? res ] */
	if (pushed_buf) {
		duk_remove(ctx, -2);
	}
	return res;
}

DUK_EXTERNAL const char *duk_push_sprintf(duk_context *ctx, const char *fmt, ...) {
	va_list ap;
	const char *ret;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	/* allow fmt==NULL */
	va_start(ap, fmt);
	ret = duk_push_vsprintf(ctx, fmt, ap);
	va_end(ap);

	return ret;
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_idx_t duk_push_object_helper(duk_context *ctx, duk_uint_t hobject_flags_and_class, duk_small_int_t prototype_bidx) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_tval *tv_slot;
	duk_hobject *h;
	duk_idx_t ret;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	DUK_ASSERT(prototype_bidx == -1 ||
	           (prototype_bidx >= 0 && prototype_bidx < DUK_NUM_BUILTINS));

	/* check stack first */
	if (thr->valstack_top >= thr->valstack_end) {
		DUK_ERROR_API(thr, DUK_STR_PUSH_BEYOND_ALLOC_STACK);
	}

	h = duk_hobject_alloc(thr->heap, hobject_flags_and_class);
	if (!h) {
		DUK_ERROR_ALLOC_DEFMSG(thr);
	}

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("created object with flags: 0x%08lx", (unsigned long) h->hdr.h_flags));

	tv_slot = thr->valstack_top;
	DUK_TVAL_SET_OBJECT(tv_slot, h);
	DUK_HOBJECT_INCREF(thr, h);  /* no side effects */
	ret = (duk_idx_t) (thr->valstack_top - thr->valstack_bottom);
	thr->valstack_top++;

	/* object is now reachable */

	if (prototype_bidx >= 0) {
		DUK_HOBJECT_SET_PROTOTYPE_UPDREF(thr, h, thr->builtins[prototype_bidx]);
	} else {
		DUK_ASSERT(prototype_bidx == -1);
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_GET_PROTOTYPE(thr->heap, h) == NULL);
	}

	return ret;
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_idx_t duk_push_object_helper_proto(duk_context *ctx, duk_uint_t hobject_flags_and_class, duk_hobject *proto) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_idx_t ret;
	duk_hobject *h;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	ret = duk_push_object_helper(ctx, hobject_flags_and_class, -1);
	h = duk_get_hobject(ctx, -1);
	DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_GET_PROTOTYPE(thr->heap, h) == NULL);
	DUK_HOBJECT_SET_PROTOTYPE_UPDREF(thr, h, proto);
	return ret;
}

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_idx_t duk_push_object(duk_context *ctx) {
	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	return duk_push_object_helper(ctx,
	                              DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXTENSIBLE |
	                              DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_AS_FLAGS(DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_OBJECT),
	                              DUK_BIDX_OBJECT_PROTOTYPE);
}

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_idx_t duk_push_array(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_hobject *obj;
	duk_idx_t ret;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	ret = duk_push_object_helper(ctx,
	                             DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXTENSIBLE |
	                             DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_ARRAY_PART |
	                             DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_AS_FLAGS(DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_ARRAY),
	                             DUK_BIDX_ARRAY_PROTOTYPE);

	obj = duk_require_hobject(ctx, ret);

	/*
	 *  An array must have a 'length' property (E5 Section 15.4.5.2).
	 *  The special array behavior flag must only be enabled once the
	 *  length property has been added.
	 *
	 *  The internal property must be a number (and preferably a
	 *  fastint if fastint support is enabled).
	 */

	duk_push_int(ctx, 0);
#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_FASTINT(duk_require_tval(ctx, -1)));
#endif

	duk_hobject_define_property_internal(thr,
	                                     obj,
	                                     DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_LENGTH(thr),
	                                     DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_W);
	DUK_HOBJECT_SET_EXOTIC_ARRAY(obj);

	return ret;
}

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_idx_t duk_push_thread_raw(duk_context *ctx, duk_uint_t flags) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_hthread *obj;
	duk_idx_t ret;
	duk_tval *tv_slot;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	/* check stack first */
	if (thr->valstack_top >= thr->valstack_end) {
		DUK_ERROR_API(thr, DUK_STR_PUSH_BEYOND_ALLOC_STACK);
	}

	obj = duk_hthread_alloc(thr->heap,
	                        DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXTENSIBLE |
	                        DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_THREAD |
	                        DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_AS_FLAGS(DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_THREAD));
	if (!obj) {
		DUK_ERROR_ALLOC_DEFMSG(thr);
	}
	obj->state = DUK_HTHREAD_STATE_INACTIVE;
#if defined(DUK_USE_ROM_STRINGS)
	/* Nothing to initialize, strs[] is in ROM. */
#else
#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
	obj->strs16 = thr->strs16;
#else
	obj->strs = thr->strs;
#endif
#endif
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("created thread object with flags: 0x%08lx", (unsigned long) obj->obj.hdr.h_flags));

	/* make the new thread reachable */
	tv_slot = thr->valstack_top;
	DUK_TVAL_SET_OBJECT(tv_slot, (duk_hobject *) obj);
	DUK_HTHREAD_INCREF(thr, obj);
	ret = (duk_idx_t) (thr->valstack_top - thr->valstack_bottom);
	thr->valstack_top++;

	/* important to do this *after* pushing, to make the thread reachable for gc */
	if (!duk_hthread_init_stacks(thr->heap, obj)) {
		DUK_ERROR_ALLOC_DEFMSG(thr);
	}

	/* initialize built-ins - either by copying or creating new ones */
	if (flags & DUK_THREAD_NEW_GLOBAL_ENV) {
		duk_hthread_create_builtin_objects(obj);
	} else {
		duk_hthread_copy_builtin_objects(thr, obj);
	}

	/* default prototype (Note: 'obj' must be reachable) */
	DUK_HOBJECT_SET_PROTOTYPE_UPDREF(thr, (duk_hobject *) obj, obj->builtins[DUK_BIDX_THREAD_PROTOTYPE]);

	/* Initial stack size satisfies the stack spare constraints so there
	 * is no need to require stack here.
	 */
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_VALSTACK_INITIAL_SIZE >=
	           DUK_VALSTACK_API_ENTRY_MINIMUM + DUK_VALSTACK_INTERNAL_EXTRA);

	return ret;
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_idx_t duk_push_compiledfunction(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_hcompiledfunction *obj;
	duk_idx_t ret;
	duk_tval *tv_slot;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	/* check stack first */
	if (thr->valstack_top >= thr->valstack_end) {
		DUK_ERROR_API(thr, DUK_STR_PUSH_BEYOND_ALLOC_STACK);
	}

	/* Template functions are not strictly constructable (they don't
	 * have a "prototype" property for instance), so leave the
	 * DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_CONSRUCTABLE flag cleared here.
	 */

	obj = duk_hcompiledfunction_alloc(thr->heap,
	                                  DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXTENSIBLE |
	                                  DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_COMPILEDFUNCTION |
	                                  DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_AS_FLAGS(DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_FUNCTION));
	if (!obj) {
		DUK_ERROR_ALLOC_DEFMSG(thr);
	}

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("created compiled function object with flags: 0x%08lx", (unsigned long) obj->obj.hdr.h_flags));

	tv_slot = thr->valstack_top;
	DUK_TVAL_SET_OBJECT(tv_slot, (duk_hobject *) obj);
	DUK_HOBJECT_INCREF(thr, obj);
	ret = (duk_idx_t) (thr->valstack_top - thr->valstack_bottom);
	thr->valstack_top++;

	/* default prototype (Note: 'obj' must be reachable) */
	DUK_HOBJECT_SET_PROTOTYPE_UPDREF(thr, (duk_hobject *) obj, thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_FUNCTION_PROTOTYPE]);

	return ret;
}

DUK_LOCAL duk_idx_t duk__push_c_function_raw(duk_context *ctx, duk_c_function func, duk_idx_t nargs, duk_uint_t flags) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_hnativefunction *obj;
	duk_idx_t ret;
	duk_tval *tv_slot;
	duk_int16_t func_nargs;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	/* check stack first */
	if (thr->valstack_top >= thr->valstack_end) {
		DUK_ERROR_API(thr, DUK_STR_PUSH_BEYOND_ALLOC_STACK);
	}
	if (func == NULL) {
		goto api_error;
	}
	if (nargs >= 0 && nargs < DUK_HNATIVEFUNCTION_NARGS_MAX) {
		func_nargs = (duk_int16_t) nargs;
	} else if (nargs == DUK_VARARGS) {
		func_nargs = DUK_HNATIVEFUNCTION_NARGS_VARARGS;
	} else {
		goto api_error;
	}

	obj = duk_hnativefunction_alloc(thr->heap, flags);
	if (!obj) {
		DUK_ERROR_ALLOC_DEFMSG(thr);
	}

	obj->func = func;
	obj->nargs = func_nargs;

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("created native function object with flags: 0x%08lx, nargs=%ld",
	                     (unsigned long) obj->obj.hdr.h_flags, (long) obj->nargs));

	tv_slot = thr->valstack_top;
	DUK_TVAL_SET_OBJECT(tv_slot, (duk_hobject *) obj);
	DUK_HOBJECT_INCREF(thr, obj);
	ret = (duk_idx_t) (thr->valstack_top - thr->valstack_bottom);
	thr->valstack_top++;

	/* default prototype (Note: 'obj' must be reachable) */
	DUK_HOBJECT_SET_PROTOTYPE_UPDREF(thr, (duk_hobject *) obj, thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_FUNCTION_PROTOTYPE]);

	return ret;

 api_error:
	DUK_ERROR_API(thr, DUK_STR_INVALID_CALL_ARGS);
	return 0;  /* not reached */
}

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_idx_t duk_push_c_function(duk_context *ctx, duk_c_function func, duk_int_t nargs) {
	duk_uint_t flags;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	flags = DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXTENSIBLE |
	        DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_CONSTRUCTABLE |
	        DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_NATIVEFUNCTION |
	        DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_NEWENV |
	        DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_STRICT |
	        DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_NOTAIL |
	        DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXOTIC_DUKFUNC |
	        DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_AS_FLAGS(DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_FUNCTION);

	return duk__push_c_function_raw(ctx, func, nargs, flags);
}

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_push_c_function_noexotic(duk_context *ctx, duk_c_function func, duk_int_t nargs) {
	duk_uint_t flags;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	flags = DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXTENSIBLE |
	        DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_CONSTRUCTABLE |
	        DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_NATIVEFUNCTION |
	        DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_NEWENV |
	        DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_STRICT |
	        DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_NOTAIL |
	        DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_AS_FLAGS(DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_FUNCTION);

	(void) duk__push_c_function_raw(ctx, func, nargs, flags);
}

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_push_c_function_noconstruct_noexotic(duk_context *ctx, duk_c_function func, duk_int_t nargs) {
	duk_uint_t flags;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	flags = DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXTENSIBLE |
	        DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_NATIVEFUNCTION |
	        DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_NEWENV |
	        DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_STRICT |
	        DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_NOTAIL |
	        DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_AS_FLAGS(DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_FUNCTION);

	(void) duk__push_c_function_raw(ctx, func, nargs, flags);
}

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_idx_t duk_push_c_lightfunc(duk_context *ctx, duk_c_function func, duk_idx_t nargs, duk_idx_t length, duk_int_t magic) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_tval tv_tmp;
	duk_small_uint_t lf_flags;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	/* check stack first */
	if (thr->valstack_top >= thr->valstack_end) {
		DUK_ERROR_API(thr, DUK_STR_PUSH_BEYOND_ALLOC_STACK);
	}

	if (nargs >= DUK_LFUNC_NARGS_MIN && nargs <= DUK_LFUNC_NARGS_MAX) {
		/* as is */
	} else if (nargs == DUK_VARARGS) {
		nargs = DUK_LFUNC_NARGS_VARARGS;
	} else {
		goto api_error;
	}
	if (!(length >= DUK_LFUNC_LENGTH_MIN && length <= DUK_LFUNC_LENGTH_MAX)) {
		goto api_error;
	}
	if (!(magic >= DUK_LFUNC_MAGIC_MIN && magic <= DUK_LFUNC_MAGIC_MAX)) {
		goto api_error;
	}

	lf_flags = DUK_LFUNC_FLAGS_PACK(magic, length, nargs);
	DUK_TVAL_SET_LIGHTFUNC(&tv_tmp, func, lf_flags);
	duk_push_tval(ctx, &tv_tmp);  /* XXX: direct valstack write */
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->valstack_top != thr->valstack_bottom);
	return ((duk_idx_t) (thr->valstack_top - thr->valstack_bottom)) - 1;

 api_error:
	DUK_ERROR_API(thr, DUK_STR_INVALID_CALL_ARGS);
	return 0;  /* not reached */
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_hbufferobject *duk_push_bufferobject_raw(duk_context *ctx, duk_uint_t hobject_flags_and_class, duk_small_int_t prototype_bidx) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_hbufferobject *obj;
	duk_tval *tv_slot;

	DUK_ASSERT(ctx != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(prototype_bidx >= 0);

	/* check stack first */
	if (thr->valstack_top >= thr->valstack_end) {
		DUK_ERROR_API(thr, DUK_STR_PUSH_BEYOND_ALLOC_STACK);
	}

	obj = duk_hbufferobject_alloc(thr->heap, hobject_flags_and_class);
	if (!obj) {
		DUK_ERROR_ALLOC_DEFMSG(thr);
	}

	DUK_HOBJECT_SET_PROTOTYPE_UPDREF(thr, (duk_hobject *) obj, thr->builtins[prototype_bidx]);
	DUK_ASSERT_HBUFFEROBJECT_VALID(obj);

	tv_slot = thr->valstack_top;
	DUK_TVAL_SET_OBJECT(tv_slot, (duk_hobject *) obj);
	DUK_HOBJECT_INCREF(thr, obj);
	thr->valstack_top++;

	return obj;
}

/* XXX: There's quite a bit of overlap with buffer creation handling in
 * duk_bi_buffer.c.  Look for overlap and refactor.
 */
#define DUK__PACK_ARGS(classnum,protobidx,elemtype,elemshift,isview) \
	(((classnum) << 24) | ((protobidx) << 16) | ((elemtype) << 8) | ((elemshift) << 4) | (isview))

#if defined(DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT)
static const duk_uint32_t duk__bufobj_flags_lookup[] = {
	DUK__PACK_ARGS(DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_BUFFER,            DUK_BIDX_BUFFER_PROTOTYPE,            DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_ELEM_UINT8,        0, 0),  /* DUK_BUFOBJ_DUKTAPE_BUFFER */
	DUK__PACK_ARGS(DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_BUFFER,            DUK_BIDX_NODEJS_BUFFER_PROTOTYPE,     DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_ELEM_UINT8,        0, 0),  /* DUK_BUFOBJ_NODEJS_BUFFER */
	DUK__PACK_ARGS(DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_ARRAYBUFFER,       DUK_BIDX_ARRAYBUFFER_PROTOTYPE,       DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_ELEM_UINT8,        0, 0),  /* DUK_BUFOBJ_ARRAYBUFFER */
	DUK__PACK_ARGS(DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_DATAVIEW,          DUK_BIDX_DATAVIEW_PROTOTYPE,          DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_ELEM_UINT8,        0, 1),  /* DUK_BUFOBJ_DATAVIEW */
	DUK__PACK_ARGS(DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_INT8ARRAY,         DUK_BIDX_INT8ARRAY_PROTOTYPE,         DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_ELEM_INT8,         0, 1),  /* DUK_BUFOBJ_INT8ARRAY */
	DUK__PACK_ARGS(DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_UINT8ARRAY,        DUK_BIDX_UINT8ARRAY_PROTOTYPE,        DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_ELEM_UINT8,        0, 1),  /* DUK_BUFOBJ_UINT8ARRAY */
	DUK__PACK_ARGS(DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_UINT8CLAMPEDARRAY, DUK_BIDX_UINT8CLAMPEDARRAY_PROTOTYPE, DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_ELEM_UINT8CLAMPED, 0, 1),  /* DUK_BUFOBJ_UINT8CLAMPEDARRAY */
	DUK__PACK_ARGS(DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_INT16ARRAY,        DUK_BIDX_INT16ARRAY_PROTOTYPE,        DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_ELEM_INT16,        1, 1),  /* DUK_BUFOBJ_INT16ARRAY */
	DUK__PACK_ARGS(DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_UINT16ARRAY,       DUK_BIDX_UINT16ARRAY_PROTOTYPE,       DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_ELEM_UINT16,       1, 1),  /* DUK_BUFOBJ_UINT16ARRAY */
	DUK__PACK_ARGS(DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_INT32ARRAY,        DUK_BIDX_INT32ARRAY_PROTOTYPE,        DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_ELEM_INT32,        2, 1),  /* DUK_BUFOBJ_INT32ARRAY */
	DUK__PACK_ARGS(DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_UINT32ARRAY,       DUK_BIDX_UINT32ARRAY_PROTOTYPE,       DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_ELEM_UINT32,       2, 1),  /* DUK_BUFOBJ_UINT32ARRAY */
	DUK__PACK_ARGS(DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_FLOAT32ARRAY,      DUK_BIDX_FLOAT32ARRAY_PROTOTYPE,      DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_ELEM_FLOAT32,      2, 1),  /* DUK_BUFOBJ_FLOAT32ARRAY */
	DUK__PACK_ARGS(DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_FLOAT64ARRAY,      DUK_BIDX_FLOAT64ARRAY_PROTOTYPE,      DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_ELEM_FLOAT64,      3, 1)   /* DUK_BUFOBJ_FLOAT64ARRAY */
};
#else  /* DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT */
/* Only allow Duktape.Buffer when support disabled. */
static const duk_uint32_t duk__bufobj_flags_lookup[] = {
	DUK__PACK_ARGS(DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_BUFFER,            DUK_BIDX_BUFFER_PROTOTYPE,            DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_ELEM_UINT8,        0, 0)   /* DUK_BUFOBJ_DUKTAPE_BUFFER */
};
#endif  /* DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT */
#undef DUK__PACK_ARGS

DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_push_buffer_object(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t idx_buffer, duk_size_t byte_offset, duk_size_t byte_length, duk_uint_t flags) {
	duk_hthread *thr;
	duk_hbufferobject *h_bufobj;
	duk_hbuffer *h_val;
	duk_uint32_t tmp;
	duk_uint_t classnum;
	duk_uint_t protobidx;
	duk_uint_t lookupidx;
	duk_uint_t uint_offset, uint_length, uint_added;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	DUK_UNREF(thr);

	/* The underlying types for offset/length in duk_hbufferobject is
	 * duk_uint_t; make sure argument values fit and that offset + length
	 * does not wrap.
	 */
	uint_offset = (duk_uint_t) byte_offset;
	uint_length = (duk_uint_t) byte_length;
	if (sizeof(duk_size_t) != sizeof(duk_uint_t)) {
		if ((duk_size_t) uint_offset != byte_offset || (duk_size_t) uint_length != byte_length) {
			goto range_error;
		}
	}
	uint_added = uint_offset + uint_length;
	if (uint_added < uint_offset) {
		goto range_error;
	}
	DUK_ASSERT(uint_added >= uint_offset && uint_added >= uint_length);

	DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(flags >= 0);  /* flags is unsigned */
	lookupidx = flags & 0x0f;  /* 4 low bits */
	if (lookupidx >= sizeof(duk__bufobj_flags_lookup) / sizeof(duk_uint32_t)) {
		goto arg_error;
	}
	tmp = duk__bufobj_flags_lookup[lookupidx];
	classnum = tmp >> 24;
	protobidx = (tmp >> 16) & 0xff;

	h_val = duk_require_hbuffer(ctx, idx_buffer);
	DUK_ASSERT(h_val != NULL);

	h_bufobj = duk_push_bufferobject_raw(ctx,
	                                     DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXTENSIBLE |
	                                     DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_BUFFEROBJECT |
	                                     DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_AS_FLAGS(classnum),
	                                     protobidx);
	DUK_ASSERT(h_bufobj != NULL);

	h_bufobj->buf = h_val;
	DUK_HBUFFER_INCREF(thr, h_val);
	h_bufobj->offset = uint_offset;
	h_bufobj->length = uint_length;
	h_bufobj->shift = (tmp >> 4) & 0x0f;
	h_bufobj->elem_type = (tmp >> 8) & 0xff;
	h_bufobj->is_view = tmp & 0x0f;
	DUK_ASSERT_HBUFFEROBJECT_VALID(h_bufobj);

#if defined(DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT)
	/* TypedArray views need an automatic ArrayBuffer which must be
	 * provided as .buffer property of the view.  Just create a new
	 * ArrayBuffer sharing the same underlying buffer.
	 */
	if (flags & DUK_BUFOBJ_CREATE_ARRBUF) {
		h_bufobj = duk_push_bufferobject_raw(ctx,
		                                     DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXTENSIBLE |
		                                     DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_BUFFEROBJECT |
		                                     DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_AS_FLAGS(DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_ARRAYBUFFER),
		                                     DUK_BIDX_ARRAYBUFFER_PROTOTYPE);

		DUK_ASSERT(h_bufobj != NULL);

		h_bufobj->buf = h_val;
		DUK_HBUFFER_INCREF(thr, h_val);
		h_bufobj->offset = uint_offset;
		h_bufobj->length = uint_length;
		DUK_ASSERT(h_bufobj->shift == 0);
		h_bufobj->elem_type = DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_ELEM_UINT8;
		DUK_ASSERT(h_bufobj->is_view == 0);
		DUK_ASSERT_HBUFFEROBJECT_VALID(h_bufobj);

		duk_xdef_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_LC_BUFFER, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_NONE);
		duk_compact(ctx, -1);
	}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT */

	return;

 range_error:
	DUK_ERROR_RANGE(thr, DUK_STR_INVALID_CALL_ARGS);
	return;  /* not reached */

 arg_error:
	DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, DUK_STR_INVALID_CALL_ARGS);
	return;  /* not reached */
}

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_idx_t duk_push_error_object_va_raw(duk_context *ctx, duk_errcode_t err_code, const char *filename, duk_int_t line, const char *fmt, va_list ap) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_idx_t ret;
	duk_hobject *proto;
#ifdef DUK_USE_AUGMENT_ERROR_CREATE
	duk_bool_t noblame_fileline;
#endif

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_UNREF(filename);
	DUK_UNREF(line);

	/* Error code also packs a tracedata related flag. */
#ifdef DUK_USE_AUGMENT_ERROR_CREATE
	noblame_fileline = err_code & DUK_ERRCODE_FLAG_NOBLAME_FILELINE;
#endif
	err_code = err_code & (~DUK_ERRCODE_FLAG_NOBLAME_FILELINE);

	/* error gets its 'name' from the prototype */
	proto = duk_error_prototype_from_code(thr, err_code);
	ret = duk_push_object_helper_proto(ctx,
	                                   DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXTENSIBLE |
	                                   DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_AS_FLAGS(DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_ERROR),
	                                   proto);

	/* ... and its 'message' from an instance property */
	if (fmt) {
		duk_push_vsprintf(ctx, fmt, ap);
		duk_xdef_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_MESSAGE, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_WC);
	} else {
		/* If no explicit message given, put error code into message field
		 * (as a number).  This is not fully in keeping with the Ecmascript
		 * error model because messages are supposed to be strings (Error
		 * constructors use ToString() on their argument).  However, it's
		 * probably more useful than having a separate 'code' property.
		 */
		duk_push_int(ctx, err_code);
		duk_xdef_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_MESSAGE, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_WC);
	}

	/* XXX: .code = err_code disabled, not sure if useful */

	/* Creation time error augmentation */
#ifdef DUK_USE_AUGMENT_ERROR_CREATE
	/* filename may be NULL in which case file/line is not recorded */
	duk_err_augment_error_create(thr, thr, filename, line, noblame_fileline);  /* may throw an error */
#endif

	return ret;
}

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_idx_t duk_push_error_object_raw(duk_context *ctx, duk_errcode_t err_code, const char *filename, duk_int_t line, const char *fmt, ...) {
	va_list ap;
	duk_idx_t ret;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	va_start(ap, fmt);
	ret = duk_push_error_object_va_raw(ctx, err_code, filename, line, fmt, ap);
	va_end(ap);
	return ret;
}

#if !defined(DUK_USE_VARIADIC_MACROS)
DUK_EXTERNAL duk_idx_t duk_push_error_object_stash(duk_context *ctx, duk_errcode_t err_code, const char *fmt, ...) {
	const char *filename = duk_api_global_filename;
	duk_int_t line = duk_api_global_line;
	va_list ap;
	duk_idx_t ret;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	duk_api_global_filename = NULL;
	duk_api_global_line = 0;
	va_start(ap, fmt);
	ret = duk_push_error_object_va_raw(ctx, err_code, filename, line, fmt, ap);
	va_end(ap);
	return ret;
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_VARIADIC_MACROS */

DUK_EXTERNAL void *duk_push_buffer_raw(duk_context *ctx, duk_size_t size, duk_small_uint_t flags) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_tval *tv_slot;
	duk_hbuffer *h;
	void *buf_data;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	/* check stack first */
	if (thr->valstack_top >= thr->valstack_end) {
		DUK_ERROR_API(thr, DUK_STR_PUSH_BEYOND_ALLOC_STACK);
	}

	/* Check for maximum buffer length. */
	if (size > DUK_HBUFFER_MAX_BYTELEN) {
		DUK_ERROR_RANGE(thr, DUK_STR_BUFFER_TOO_LONG);
	}

	h = duk_hbuffer_alloc(thr->heap, size, flags, &buf_data);
	if (!h) {
		DUK_ERROR_ALLOC_DEFMSG(thr);
	}

	tv_slot = thr->valstack_top;
	DUK_TVAL_SET_BUFFER(tv_slot, h);
	DUK_HBUFFER_INCREF(thr, h);
	thr->valstack_top++;

	return (void *) buf_data;
}

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_idx_t duk_push_heapptr(duk_context *ctx, void *ptr) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_idx_t ret;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	ret = (duk_idx_t) (thr->valstack_top - thr->valstack_bottom);

	if (ptr == NULL) {
		goto push_undefined;
	}

	switch ((int) DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_TYPE((duk_heaphdr *) ptr)) {
	case DUK_HTYPE_STRING:
		duk_push_hstring(ctx, (duk_hstring *) ptr);
		break;
	case DUK_HTYPE_OBJECT:
		duk_push_hobject(ctx, (duk_hobject *) ptr);
		break;
	case DUK_HTYPE_BUFFER:
		duk_push_hbuffer(ctx, (duk_hbuffer *) ptr);
		break;
	default:
		goto push_undefined;
	}
	return ret;

 push_undefined:
	duk_push_undefined(ctx);
	return ret;
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_idx_t duk_push_object_internal(duk_context *ctx) {
	return duk_push_object_helper(ctx,
	                              DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXTENSIBLE |
	                              DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_AS_FLAGS(DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_OBJECT),
	                              -1);  /* no prototype */
}

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_push_hstring(duk_context *ctx, duk_hstring *h) {
	duk_tval tv;
	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);
	DUK_TVAL_SET_STRING(&tv, h);
	duk_push_tval(ctx, &tv);
}

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_push_hstring_stridx(duk_context *ctx, duk_small_int_t stridx) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	DUK_UNREF(thr);
	DUK_ASSERT(stridx >= 0 && stridx < DUK_HEAP_NUM_STRINGS);
	duk_push_hstring(ctx, DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING(thr, stridx));
}

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_push_hobject(duk_context *ctx, duk_hobject *h) {
	duk_tval tv;
	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);
	DUK_TVAL_SET_OBJECT(&tv, h);
	duk_push_tval(ctx, &tv);
}

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_push_hbuffer(duk_context *ctx, duk_hbuffer *h) {
	duk_tval tv;
	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);
	DUK_TVAL_SET_BUFFER(&tv, h);
	duk_push_tval(ctx, &tv);
}

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_push_hobject_bidx(duk_context *ctx, duk_small_int_t builtin_idx) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(builtin_idx >= 0 && builtin_idx < DUK_NUM_BUILTINS);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->builtins[builtin_idx] != NULL);
	duk_push_hobject(ctx, thr->builtins[builtin_idx]);
}

/*
 *  Poppers
 */

DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_pop_n(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t count) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_tval *tv;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	if (DUK_UNLIKELY(count < 0)) {
		DUK_ERROR_API(thr, DUK_STR_INVALID_COUNT);
		return;
	}

	DUK_ASSERT(thr->valstack_top >= thr->valstack_bottom);
	if (DUK_UNLIKELY((duk_size_t) (thr->valstack_top - thr->valstack_bottom) < (duk_size_t) count)) {
		DUK_ERROR_API(thr, DUK_STR_POP_TOO_MANY);
	}

	/*
	 *  Must be very careful here, every DECREF may cause reallocation
	 *  of our valstack.
	 */

	/* XXX: inlined DECREF macro would be nice here: no NULL check,
	 * refzero queueing but no refzero algorithm run (= no pointer
	 * instability), inline code.
	 */

	/* XXX: optimize loops */

#if defined(DUK_USE_REFERENCE_COUNTING)
	while (count > 0) {
		count--;
		tv = --thr->valstack_top;  /* tv points to element just below prev top */
		DUK_ASSERT(tv >= thr->valstack_bottom);
		DUK_TVAL_SET_UNDEFINED_UPDREF(thr, tv);  /* side effects */
	}
#else
	tv = thr->valstack_top;
	while (count > 0) {
		count--;
		tv--;
		DUK_ASSERT(tv >= thr->valstack_bottom);
		DUK_TVAL_SET_UNDEFINED(tv);
	}
	thr->valstack_top = tv;
#endif

	DUK_ASSERT(thr->valstack_top >= thr->valstack_bottom);
}

/* Popping one element is called so often that when footprint is not an issue,
 * compile a specialized function for it.
 */
#if defined(DUK_USE_PREFER_SIZE)
DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_pop(duk_context *ctx) {
	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	duk_pop_n(ctx, 1);
}
#else
DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_pop(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_tval *tv;
	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	DUK_ASSERT(thr->valstack_top >= thr->valstack_bottom);
	if (DUK_UNLIKELY(thr->valstack_top == thr->valstack_bottom)) {
		DUK_ERROR_API(thr, DUK_STR_POP_TOO_MANY);
	}

	tv = --thr->valstack_top;  /* tv points to element just below prev top */
	DUK_ASSERT(tv >= thr->valstack_bottom);
#ifdef DUK_USE_REFERENCE_COUNTING
	DUK_TVAL_SET_UNDEFINED_UPDREF(thr, tv);  /* side effects */
#else
	DUK_TVAL_SET_UNDEFINED(tv);
#endif
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->valstack_top >= thr->valstack_bottom);
}
#endif  /* !DUK_USE_PREFER_SIZE */

DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_pop_2(duk_context *ctx) {
	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	duk_pop_n(ctx, 2);
}

DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_pop_3(duk_context *ctx) {
	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	duk_pop_n(ctx, 3);
}

/*
 *  Error throwing
 */

DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_throw(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr->valstack_bottom >= thr->valstack);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->valstack_top >= thr->valstack_bottom);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->valstack_end >= thr->valstack_top);

	if (thr->valstack_top == thr->valstack_bottom) {
		DUK_ERROR_API(thr, DUK_STR_INVALID_CALL_ARGS);
	}

	/* Errors are augmented when they are created, not when they are
	 * thrown or re-thrown.  The current error handler, however, runs
	 * just before an error is thrown.
	 */

	/* Sync so that augmentation sees up-to-date activations, NULL
	 * thr->ptr_curr_pc so that it's not used if side effects occur
	 * in augmentation or longjmp handling.
	 */
	duk_hthread_sync_and_null_currpc(thr);

#if defined(DUK_USE_AUGMENT_ERROR_THROW)
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("THROW ERROR (API): %!dT (before throw augment)", (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));
	duk_err_augment_error_throw(thr);
#endif
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("THROW ERROR (API): %!dT (after throw augment)", (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));

	duk_err_setup_heap_ljstate(thr, DUK_LJ_TYPE_THROW);

	/* thr->heap->lj.jmpbuf_ptr is checked by duk_err_longjmp() so we don't
	 * need to check that here.  If the value is NULL, a panic occurs because
	 * we can't return.
	 */

	duk_err_longjmp(thr);
	DUK_UNREACHABLE();
}

DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_fatal(duk_context *ctx, duk_errcode_t err_code, const char *err_msg) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->heap != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->heap->fatal_func != NULL);

	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("fatal error occurred, code %ld, message %s",
	                 (long) err_code, (const char *) err_msg));

	/* fatal_func should be noreturn, but noreturn declarations on function
	 * pointers has a very spotty support apparently so it's not currently
	 * done.
	 */
	thr->heap->fatal_func(ctx, err_code, err_msg);

	DUK_PANIC(DUK_ERR_API_ERROR, "fatal handler returned");
}

DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_error_va_raw(duk_context *ctx, duk_errcode_t err_code, const char *filename, duk_int_t line, const char *fmt, va_list ap) {
	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	duk_push_error_object_va_raw(ctx, err_code, filename, line, fmt, ap);
	duk_throw(ctx);
}

DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_error_raw(duk_context *ctx, duk_errcode_t err_code, const char *filename, duk_int_t line, const char *fmt, ...) {
	va_list ap;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	va_start(ap, fmt);
	duk_push_error_object_va_raw(ctx, err_code, filename, line, fmt, ap);
	va_end(ap);
	duk_throw(ctx);
}

#if !defined(DUK_USE_VARIADIC_MACROS)
DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_error_stash(duk_context *ctx, duk_errcode_t err_code, const char *fmt, ...) {
	const char *filename;
	duk_int_t line;
	va_list ap;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	filename = duk_api_global_filename;
	line = duk_api_global_line;
	duk_api_global_filename = NULL;
	duk_api_global_line = 0;

	va_start(ap, fmt);
	duk_push_error_object_va_raw(ctx, err_code, filename, line, fmt, ap);
	va_end(ap);
	duk_throw(ctx);
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_VARIADIC_MACROS */

/*
 *  Comparison
 */

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_equals(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index1, duk_idx_t index2) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_tval *tv1, *tv2;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	tv1 = duk_get_tval(ctx, index1);
	tv2 = duk_get_tval(ctx, index2);
	if ((tv1 == NULL) || (tv2 == NULL)) {
		return 0;
	}

	/* Coercion may be needed, the helper handles that by pushing the
	 * tagged values to the stack.
	 */
	return duk_js_equals(thr, tv1, tv2);
}

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_strict_equals(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index1, duk_idx_t index2) {
	duk_tval *tv1, *tv2;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	tv1 = duk_get_tval(ctx, index1);
	tv2 = duk_get_tval(ctx, index2);
	if ((tv1 == NULL) || (tv2 == NULL)) {
		return 0;
	}

	/* No coercions or other side effects, so safe */
	return duk_js_strict_equals(tv1, tv2);
}

/*
 *  instanceof
 */

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_instanceof(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index1, duk_idx_t index2) {
	duk_tval *tv1, *tv2;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	/* Index validation is strict, which differs from duk_equals().
	 * The strict behavior mimics how instanceof itself works, e.g.
	 * it is a TypeError if rval is not a -callable- object.  It would
	 * be somewhat inconsistent if rval would be allowed to be
	 * non-existent without a TypeError.
	 */
	tv1 = duk_require_tval(ctx, index1);
	DUK_ASSERT(tv1 != NULL);
	tv2 = duk_require_tval(ctx, index2);
	DUK_ASSERT(tv2 != NULL);

	return duk_js_instanceof((duk_hthread *) ctx, tv1, tv2);
}

/*
 *  Lightfunc
 */

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_push_lightfunc_name(duk_context *ctx, duk_tval *tv) {
	duk_c_function func;

	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_LIGHTFUNC(tv));

	/* Lightfunc name, includes Duktape/C native function pointer, which
	 * can often be used to locate the function from a symbol table.
	 * The name also includes the 16-bit duk_tval flags field because it
	 * includes the magic value.  Because a single native function often
	 * provides different functionality depending on the magic value, it
	 * seems reasonably to include it in the name.
	 *
	 * On the other hand, a complicated name increases string table
	 * pressure in low memory environments (but only when function name
	 * is accessed).
	 */

	func = DUK_TVAL_GET_LIGHTFUNC_FUNCPTR(tv);
	duk_push_sprintf(ctx, "light_");
	duk_push_string_funcptr(ctx, (duk_uint8_t *) &func, sizeof(func));
	duk_push_sprintf(ctx, "_%04x", (unsigned int) DUK_TVAL_GET_LIGHTFUNC_FLAGS(tv));
	duk_concat(ctx, 3);
}

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_push_lightfunc_tostring(duk_context *ctx, duk_tval *tv) {
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_LIGHTFUNC(tv));

	duk_push_string(ctx, "function ");
	duk_push_lightfunc_name(ctx, tv);
	duk_push_string(ctx, "() {\"light\"}");
	duk_concat(ctx, 3);
}

/*
 *  Function pointers
 *
 *  Printing function pointers is non-portable, so we do that by hex printing
 *  bytes from memory.
 */

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_push_string_funcptr(duk_context *ctx, duk_uint8_t *ptr, duk_size_t sz) {
	duk_uint8_t buf[32 * 2];
	duk_uint8_t *p, *q;
	duk_small_uint_t i;
	duk_small_uint_t t;

	DUK_ASSERT(sz <= 32);  /* sanity limit for function pointer size */

	p = buf;
#if defined(DUK_USE_INTEGER_LE)
	q = ptr + sz;
#else
	q = ptr;
#endif
	for (i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
#if defined(DUK_USE_INTEGER_LE)
		t = *(--q);
#else
		t = *(q++);
#endif
		*p++ = duk_lc_digits[t >> 4];
		*p++ = duk_lc_digits[t & 0x0f];
	}

	duk_push_lstring(ctx, (const char *) buf, sz * 2);
}

#if !defined(DUK_USE_PARANOID_ERRORS)
/*
 *  Push readable string summarizing duk_tval.  The operation is side effect
 *  free and will only throw from internal errors (e.g. out of memory).
 *  This is used by e.g. property access code to summarize a key/base safely,
 *  and is not intended to be fast (but small and safe).
 */

#define DUK__READABLE_STRING_MAXCHARS 32

/* String sanitizer which escapes ASCII control characters and a few other
 * ASCII characters, passes Unicode as is, and replaces invalid UTF-8 with
 * question marks.  No errors are thrown for any input string, except in out
 * of memory situations.
 */
DUK_LOCAL void duk__push_hstring_readable_unicode(duk_context *ctx, duk_hstring *h_input) {
	duk_hthread *thr;
	const duk_uint8_t *p, *p_start, *p_end;
	duk_uint8_t buf[DUK_UNICODE_MAX_XUTF8_LENGTH * DUK__READABLE_STRING_MAXCHARS +
	                2 /*quotes*/ + 3 /*periods*/];
	duk_uint8_t *q;
	duk_ucodepoint_t cp;
	duk_small_uint_t nchars;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	DUK_ASSERT(h_input != NULL);
	thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;

	p_start = (const duk_uint8_t *) DUK_HSTRING_GET_DATA(h_input);
	p_end = p_start + DUK_HSTRING_GET_BYTELEN(h_input);
	p = p_start;
	q = buf;

	nchars = 0;
	*q++ = (duk_uint8_t) DUK_ASC_SINGLEQUOTE;
	for (;;) {
		if (p >= p_end) {
			break;
		}
		if (nchars == DUK__READABLE_STRING_MAXCHARS) {
			*q++ = (duk_uint8_t) DUK_ASC_PERIOD;
			*q++ = (duk_uint8_t) DUK_ASC_PERIOD;
			*q++ = (duk_uint8_t) DUK_ASC_PERIOD;
			break;
		}
		if (duk_unicode_decode_xutf8(thr, &p, p_start, p_end, &cp)) {
			if (cp < 0x20 || cp == 0x7f || cp == DUK_ASC_SINGLEQUOTE || cp == DUK_ASC_BACKSLASH) {
				DUK_ASSERT(DUK_UNICODE_MAX_XUTF8_LENGTH >= 4);  /* estimate is valid */
				DUK_ASSERT((cp >> 4) <= 0x0f);
				*q++ = (duk_uint8_t) DUK_ASC_BACKSLASH;
				*q++ = (duk_uint8_t) DUK_ASC_LC_X;
				*q++ = (duk_uint8_t) duk_lc_digits[cp >> 4];
				*q++ = (duk_uint8_t) duk_lc_digits[cp & 0x0f];
			} else {
				q += duk_unicode_encode_xutf8(cp, q);
			}
		} else {
			p++;  /* advance manually */
			*q++ = (duk_uint8_t) DUK_ASC_QUESTION;
		}
		nchars++;
	}
	*q++ = (duk_uint8_t) DUK_ASC_SINGLEQUOTE;

	duk_push_lstring(ctx, (const char *) buf, (duk_size_t) (q - buf));
}

DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_push_string_tval_readable(duk_context *ctx, duk_tval *tv) {
	duk_hthread *thr;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	DUK_UNREF(thr);

	if (tv == NULL) {
		duk_push_string(ctx, "none");
	} else {
		switch (DUK_TVAL_GET_TAG(tv)) {
		case DUK_TAG_STRING: {
			duk__push_hstring_readable_unicode(ctx, DUK_TVAL_GET_STRING(tv));
			break;
		}
		case DUK_TAG_OBJECT: {
			duk_hobject *h = DUK_TVAL_GET_OBJECT(tv);
			DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);
			duk_push_hobject_class_string(ctx, h);
			break;
		}
		case DUK_TAG_BUFFER: {
			/* XXX: Hex encoded, length limited buffer summary here? */
			duk_hbuffer *h = DUK_TVAL_GET_BUFFER(tv);
			DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);
			duk_push_sprintf(ctx, "[buffer:%ld]", (long) DUK_HBUFFER_GET_SIZE(h));
			break;
		}
		case DUK_TAG_POINTER: {
			/* Surround with parentheses like in JX, ensures NULL pointer
			 * is distinguishable from null value ("(null)" vs "null").
			 */
			duk_push_tval(ctx, tv);
			duk_push_sprintf(ctx, "(%s)", duk_to_string(ctx, -1));
			duk_remove(ctx, -2);
			break;
		}
		default: {
			duk_push_tval(ctx, tv);
			break;
		}
		}
	}

	return duk_to_string(ctx, -1);
}

DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_push_string_readable(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	return duk_push_string_tval_readable(ctx, duk_get_tval(ctx, index));
}
#endif  /* !DUK_USE_PARANOID_ERRORS */

#undef DUK__CHECK_SPACE
#undef DUK__PACK_ARGS
#undef DUK__READABLE_STRING_MAXCHARS
/*
 *  String manipulation
 */

/* include removed: duk_internal.h */

DUK_LOCAL void duk__concat_and_join_helper(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t count_in, duk_bool_t is_join) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_uint_t count;
	duk_uint_t i;
	duk_size_t idx;
	duk_size_t len;
	duk_hstring *h;
	duk_uint8_t *buf;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	if (DUK_UNLIKELY(count_in <= 0)) {
		if (count_in < 0) {
			DUK_ERROR_API(thr, DUK_STR_INVALID_COUNT);
			return;
		}
		DUK_ASSERT(count_in == 0);
		duk_push_hstring_stridx(ctx, DUK_STRIDX_EMPTY_STRING);
		return;
	}
	count = (duk_uint_t) count_in;

	if (is_join) {
		duk_size_t t1, t2, limit;
		h = duk_to_hstring(ctx, -((duk_idx_t) count) - 1);
		DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);

		/* A bit tricky overflow test, see doc/code-issues.rst. */
		t1 = (duk_size_t) DUK_HSTRING_GET_BYTELEN(h);
		t2 = (duk_size_t) (count - 1);
		limit = (duk_size_t) DUK_HSTRING_MAX_BYTELEN;
		if (DUK_UNLIKELY(t2 != 0 && t1 > limit / t2)) {
			/* Combined size of separators already overflows */
			goto error_overflow;
		}
		len = (duk_size_t) (t1 * t2);
	} else {
		len = (duk_size_t) 0;
	}

	for (i = count; i >= 1; i--) {
		duk_size_t new_len;
		duk_to_string(ctx, -((duk_idx_t) i));
		h = duk_require_hstring(ctx, -((duk_idx_t) i));
		new_len = len + (duk_size_t) DUK_HSTRING_GET_BYTELEN(h);

		/* Impose a string maximum length, need to handle overflow
		 * correctly.
		 */
		if (new_len < len ||  /* wrapped */
		    new_len > (duk_size_t) DUK_HSTRING_MAX_BYTELEN) {
			goto error_overflow;
		}
		len = new_len;
	}

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("join/concat %lu strings, total length %lu bytes",
	                     (unsigned long) count, (unsigned long) len));

	/* use stack allocated buffer to ensure reachability in errors (e.g. intern error) */
	buf = (duk_uint8_t *) duk_push_fixed_buffer(ctx, len);
	DUK_ASSERT(buf != NULL);

	/* [... (sep) str1 str2 ... strN buf] */

	idx = 0;
	for (i = count; i >= 1; i--) {
		if (is_join && i != count) {
			h = duk_require_hstring(ctx, -((duk_idx_t) count) - 2);  /* extra -1 for buffer */
			DUK_MEMCPY(buf + idx, DUK_HSTRING_GET_DATA(h), DUK_HSTRING_GET_BYTELEN(h));
			idx += DUK_HSTRING_GET_BYTELEN(h);
		}
		h = duk_require_hstring(ctx, -((duk_idx_t) i) - 1);  /* extra -1 for buffer */
		DUK_MEMCPY(buf + idx, DUK_HSTRING_GET_DATA(h), DUK_HSTRING_GET_BYTELEN(h));
		idx += DUK_HSTRING_GET_BYTELEN(h);
	}

	DUK_ASSERT(idx == len);

	/* [... (sep) str1 str2 ... strN buf] */

	/* get rid of the strings early to minimize memory use before intern */

	if (is_join) {
		duk_replace(ctx, -((duk_idx_t) count) - 2);  /* overwrite sep */
		duk_pop_n(ctx, count);
	} else {
		duk_replace(ctx, -((duk_idx_t) count) - 1);  /* overwrite str1 */
		duk_pop_n(ctx, count-1);
	}

	/* [... buf] */

	(void) duk_to_string(ctx, -1);

	/* [... res] */
	return;

 error_overflow:
	DUK_ERROR_RANGE(thr, DUK_STR_CONCAT_RESULT_TOO_LONG);
}

DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_concat(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t count) {
	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	duk__concat_and_join_helper(ctx, count, 0 /*is_join*/);
}

DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_join(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t count) {
	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	duk__concat_and_join_helper(ctx, count, 1 /*is_join*/);
}

/* XXX: could map/decode be unified with duk_unicode_support.c code?
 * Case conversion needs also the character surroundings though.
 */

DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_decode_string(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index, duk_decode_char_function callback, void *udata) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_hstring *h_input;
	const duk_uint8_t *p, *p_start, *p_end;
	duk_codepoint_t cp;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	h_input = duk_require_hstring(ctx, index);
	DUK_ASSERT(h_input != NULL);

	p_start = (const duk_uint8_t *) DUK_HSTRING_GET_DATA(h_input);
	p_end = p_start + DUK_HSTRING_GET_BYTELEN(h_input);
	p = p_start;

	for (;;) {
		if (p >= p_end) {
			break;
		}
		cp = (int) duk_unicode_decode_xutf8_checked(thr, &p, p_start, p_end);
		callback(udata, cp);
	}
}

DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_map_string(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index, duk_map_char_function callback, void *udata) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_hstring *h_input;
	duk_bufwriter_ctx bw_alloc;
	duk_bufwriter_ctx *bw;
	const duk_uint8_t *p, *p_start, *p_end;
	duk_codepoint_t cp;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	index = duk_normalize_index(ctx, index);

	h_input = duk_require_hstring(ctx, index);
	DUK_ASSERT(h_input != NULL);

	bw = &bw_alloc;
	DUK_BW_INIT_PUSHBUF(thr, bw, DUK_HSTRING_GET_BYTELEN(h_input));  /* reasonable output estimate */

	p_start = (const duk_uint8_t *) DUK_HSTRING_GET_DATA(h_input);
	p_end = p_start + DUK_HSTRING_GET_BYTELEN(h_input);
	p = p_start;

	for (;;) {
		/* XXX: could write output in chunks with fewer ensure calls,
		 * but relative benefit would be small here.
		 */

		if (p >= p_end) {
			break;
		}
		cp = (int) duk_unicode_decode_xutf8_checked(thr, &p, p_start, p_end);
		cp = callback(udata, cp);

		DUK_BW_WRITE_ENSURE_XUTF8(thr, bw, cp);
	}

	DUK_BW_COMPACT(thr, bw);
	duk_to_string(ctx, -1);
	duk_replace(ctx, index);
}

DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_substring(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index, duk_size_t start_offset, duk_size_t end_offset) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_hstring *h;
	duk_hstring *res;
	duk_size_t start_byte_offset;
	duk_size_t end_byte_offset;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	index = duk_require_normalize_index(ctx, index);
	h = duk_require_hstring(ctx, index);
	DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);

	if (end_offset >= DUK_HSTRING_GET_CHARLEN(h)) {
		end_offset = DUK_HSTRING_GET_CHARLEN(h);
	}
	if (start_offset > end_offset) {
		start_offset = end_offset;
	}

	DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(start_offset >= 0);
	DUK_ASSERT(start_offset <= end_offset && start_offset <= DUK_HSTRING_GET_CHARLEN(h));
	DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(end_offset >= 0);
	DUK_ASSERT(end_offset >= start_offset && end_offset <= DUK_HSTRING_GET_CHARLEN(h));

	/* guaranteed by string limits */
	DUK_ASSERT(start_offset <= DUK_UINT32_MAX);
	DUK_ASSERT(end_offset <= DUK_UINT32_MAX);

	start_byte_offset = (duk_size_t) duk_heap_strcache_offset_char2byte(thr, h, (duk_uint_fast32_t) start_offset);
	end_byte_offset = (duk_size_t) duk_heap_strcache_offset_char2byte(thr, h, (duk_uint_fast32_t) end_offset);

	DUK_ASSERT(end_byte_offset >= start_byte_offset);
	DUK_ASSERT(end_byte_offset - start_byte_offset <= DUK_UINT32_MAX);  /* guaranteed by string limits */

	/* no size check is necessary */
	res = duk_heap_string_intern_checked(thr,
	                                     DUK_HSTRING_GET_DATA(h) + start_byte_offset,
	                                     (duk_uint32_t) (end_byte_offset - start_byte_offset));

	duk_push_hstring(ctx, res);
	duk_replace(ctx, index);
}

/* XXX: this is quite clunky.  Add Unicode helpers to scan backwards and
 * forwards with a callback to process codepoints?
 */
DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_trim(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_hstring *h;
	const duk_uint8_t *p, *p_start, *p_end, *p_tmp1, *p_tmp2;  /* pointers for scanning */
	const duk_uint8_t *q_start, *q_end;  /* start (incl) and end (excl) of trimmed part */
	duk_codepoint_t cp;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	index = duk_require_normalize_index(ctx, index);
	h = duk_require_hstring(ctx, index);
	DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);

	p_start = DUK_HSTRING_GET_DATA(h);
	p_end = p_start + DUK_HSTRING_GET_BYTELEN(h);

	p = p_start;
	while (p < p_end) {
		p_tmp1 = p;
		cp = (duk_codepoint_t) duk_unicode_decode_xutf8_checked(thr, &p_tmp1, p_start, p_end);
		if (!(duk_unicode_is_whitespace(cp) || duk_unicode_is_line_terminator(cp))) {
			break;
		}
		p = p_tmp1;
	}
	q_start = p;
	if (p == p_end) {
		/* entire string is whitespace */
		q_end = p;
		goto scan_done;
	}

	p = p_end;
	while (p > p_start) {
		p_tmp1 = p;
		while (p > p_start) {
			p--;
			if (((*p) & 0xc0) != 0x80) {
				break;
			}
		}
		p_tmp2 = p;

		cp = (duk_codepoint_t) duk_unicode_decode_xutf8_checked(thr, &p_tmp2, p_start, p_end);
		if (!(duk_unicode_is_whitespace(cp) || duk_unicode_is_line_terminator(cp))) {
			p = p_tmp1;
			break;
		}
	}
	q_end = p;

 scan_done:
	/* This may happen when forward and backward scanning disagree
	 * (possible for non-extended-UTF-8 strings).
	 */
	if (q_end < q_start) {
		q_end = q_start;
	}

	DUK_ASSERT(q_start >= p_start && q_start <= p_end);
	DUK_ASSERT(q_end >= p_start && q_end <= p_end);
	DUK_ASSERT(q_end >= q_start);

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("trim: p_start=%p, p_end=%p, q_start=%p, q_end=%p",
	                     (const void *) p_start, (const void *) p_end,
	                     (const void *) q_start, (const void *) q_end));

	if (q_start == p_start && q_end == p_end) {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("nothing was trimmed: avoid interning (hashing etc)"));
		return;
	}

	duk_push_lstring(ctx, (const char *) q_start, (duk_size_t) (q_end - q_start));
	duk_replace(ctx, index);
}

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_codepoint_t duk_char_code_at(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index, duk_size_t char_offset) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_hstring *h;
	duk_ucodepoint_t cp;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	h = duk_require_hstring(ctx, index);
	DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);

	DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(char_offset >= 0);  /* always true, arg is unsigned */
	if (char_offset >= DUK_HSTRING_GET_CHARLEN(h)) {
		return 0;
	}

	DUK_ASSERT(char_offset <= DUK_UINT_MAX);  /* guaranteed by string limits */
	cp = duk_hstring_char_code_at_raw(thr, h, (duk_uint_t) char_offset);
	return (duk_codepoint_t) cp;
}
/*
 *  Variable access
 */

/* include removed: duk_internal.h */

DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_get_var(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_activation *act;
	duk_hstring *h_varname;
	duk_small_int_t throw_flag = 1;  /* always throw ReferenceError for unresolvable */

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	h_varname = duk_require_hstring(ctx, -1);  /* XXX: tostring? */
	DUK_ASSERT(h_varname != NULL);

	act = duk_hthread_get_current_activation(thr);
	if (act) {
		(void) duk_js_getvar_activation(thr, act, h_varname, throw_flag);  /* -> [ ... varname val this ] */
	} else {
		/* Outside any activation -> look up from global. */
		DUK_ASSERT(thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_GLOBAL_ENV] != NULL);
		(void) duk_js_getvar_envrec(thr, thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_GLOBAL_ENV], h_varname, throw_flag);
	}

	/* [ ... varname val this ]  (because throw_flag == 1, always resolved) */

	duk_pop(ctx);
	duk_remove(ctx, -2);

	/* [ ... val ] */

	/* Return value would be pointless: because throw_flag==1, we always
	 * throw if the identifier doesn't resolve.
	 */
	return;
}

DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_put_var(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_activation *act;
	duk_hstring *h_varname;
	duk_tval *tv_val;
	duk_small_int_t throw_flag;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	h_varname = duk_require_hstring(ctx, -2);  /* XXX: tostring? */
	DUK_ASSERT(h_varname != NULL);

	tv_val = duk_require_tval(ctx, -1);

	throw_flag = duk_is_strict_call(ctx);

	act = duk_hthread_get_current_activation(thr);
	if (act) {
		duk_js_putvar_activation(thr, act, h_varname, tv_val, throw_flag);  /* -> [ ... varname val this ] */
	} else {
		/* Outside any activation -> put to global. */
		DUK_ASSERT(thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_GLOBAL_ENV] != NULL);
		duk_js_putvar_envrec(thr, thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_GLOBAL_ENV], h_varname, tv_val, throw_flag);
	}

	/* [ ... varname val ] */

	duk_pop_2(ctx);

	/* [ ... ] */

	return;
}

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_del_var(duk_context *ctx) {
	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	DUK_ERROR_UNIMPLEMENTED_DEFMSG((duk_hthread *) ctx);
	return 0;
}

DUK_EXTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_has_var(duk_context *ctx) {
	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	DUK_ERROR_UNIMPLEMENTED_DEFMSG((duk_hthread *) ctx);
	return 0;
}
/*
 *  Array built-ins
 *
 *  Note that most Array built-ins are intentionally generic and work even
 *  when the 'this' binding is not an Array instance.  To ensure this,
 *  Array algorithms do not assume "magical" Array behavior for the "length"
 *  property, for instance.
 *
 *  XXX: the "Throw" flag should be set for (almost?) all [[Put]] and
 *  [[Delete]] operations, but it's currently false throughout.  Go through
 *  all put/delete cases and check throw flag use.  Need a new API primitive
 *  which allows throws flag to be specified.
 *
 *  XXX: array lengths above 2G won't work reliably.  There are many places
 *  where one needs a full signed 32-bit range ([-0xffffffff, 0xffffffff],
 *  i.e. -33- bits).  Although array 'length' cannot be written to be outside
 *  the unsigned 32-bit range (E5.1 Section 15.4.5.1 throws a RangeError if so)
 *  some intermediate values may be above 0xffffffff and this may not be always
 *  correctly handled now (duk_uint32_t is not enough for all algorithms).
 *
 *  For instance, push() can legitimately write entries beyond length 0xffffffff
 *  and cause a RangeError only at the end.  To do this properly, the current
 *  push() implementation tracks the array index using a 'double' instead of a
 *  duk_uint32_t (which is somewhat awkward).  See test-bi-array-push-maxlen.js.
 *
 *  On using "put" vs. "def" prop
 *  =============================
 *
 *  Code below must be careful to use the appropriate primitive as it matters
 *  for compliance.  When using "put" there may be inherited properties in
 *  Array.prototype which cause side effects when values are written.  When
 *  using "define" there are no such side effects, and many test262 test cases
 *  check for this (for real world code, such side effects are very rare).
 *  Both "put" and "define" are used in the E5.1 specification; as a rule,
 *  "put" is used when modifying an existing array (or a non-array 'this'
 *  binding) and "define" for setting values into a fresh result array.
 *
 *  Also note that Array instance 'length' should be writable, but not
 *  enumerable and definitely not configurable: even Duktape code internally
 *  assumes that an Array instance will always have a 'length' property.
 *  Preventing deletion of the property is critical.
 */

/* include removed: duk_internal.h */

/* Perform an intermediate join when this many elements have been pushed
 * on the value stack.
 */
#define  DUK__ARRAY_MID_JOIN_LIMIT  4096

/* Shared entry code for many Array built-ins.  Note that length is left
 * on stack (it could be popped, but that's not necessary).
 */
DUK_LOCAL duk_uint32_t duk__push_this_obj_len_u32(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_uint32_t len;

	(void) duk_push_this_coercible_to_object(ctx);
	duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, -1, DUK_STRIDX_LENGTH);
	len = duk_to_uint32(ctx, -1);

	/* -> [ ... ToObject(this) ToUint32(length) ] */
	return len;
}

DUK_LOCAL duk_uint32_t duk__push_this_obj_len_u32_limited(duk_context *ctx) {
	/* Range limited to [0, 0x7fffffff] range, i.e. range that can be
	 * represented with duk_int32_t.  Use this when the method doesn't
	 * handle the full 32-bit unsigned range correctly.
	 */
	duk_uint32_t ret = duk__push_this_obj_len_u32(ctx);
	if (DUK_UNLIKELY(ret >= 0x80000000UL)) {
		DUK_ERROR_RANGE((duk_hthread *) ctx, DUK_STR_ARRAY_LENGTH_OVER_2G);
	}
	return ret;
}

/*
 *  Constructor
 */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_array_constructor(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_idx_t nargs;
	duk_double_t d;
	duk_uint32_t len;
	duk_idx_t i;

	nargs = duk_get_top(ctx);
	duk_push_array(ctx);

	if (nargs == 1 && duk_is_number(ctx, 0)) {
		/* XXX: expensive check (also shared elsewhere - so add a shared internal API call?) */
		d = duk_get_number(ctx, 0);
		len = duk_to_uint32(ctx, 0);
		if (((duk_double_t) len) != d) {
			return DUK_RET_RANGE_ERROR;
		}

		/* XXX: if 'len' is low, may want to ensure array part is kept:
		 * the caller is likely to want a dense array.
		 */
		duk_push_u32(ctx, len);
		duk_xdef_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_LENGTH, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_W);  /* [ ToUint32(len) array ToUint32(len) ] -> [ ToUint32(len) array ] */
		return 1;
	}

	/* XXX: optimize by creating array into correct size directly, and
	 * operating on the array part directly; values can be memcpy()'d from
	 * value stack directly as long as refcounts are increased.
	 */
	for (i = 0; i < nargs; i++) {
		duk_dup(ctx, i);
		duk_xdef_prop_index_wec(ctx, -2, (duk_uarridx_t) i);
	}

	duk_push_u32(ctx, (duk_uint32_t) nargs);
	duk_xdef_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_LENGTH, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_W);
	return 1;
}

/*
 *  isArray()
 */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_array_constructor_is_array(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hobject *h;

	h = duk_get_hobject_with_class(ctx, 0, DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_ARRAY);
	duk_push_boolean(ctx, (h != NULL));
	return 1;
}

/*
 *  toString()
 */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_array_prototype_to_string(duk_context *ctx) {
	(void) duk_push_this_coercible_to_object(ctx);
	duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, -1, DUK_STRIDX_JOIN);

	/* [ ... this func ] */
	if (!duk_is_callable(ctx, -1)) {
		/* Fall back to the initial (original) Object.toString().  We don't
		 * currently have pointers to the built-in functions, only the top
		 * level global objects (like "Array") so this is now done in a bit
		 * of a hacky manner.  It would be cleaner to push the (original)
		 * function and use duk_call_method().
		 */

		/* XXX: 'this' will be ToObject() coerced twice, which is incorrect
		 * but should have no visible side effects.
		 */
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("this.join is not callable, fall back to (original) Object.toString"));
		duk_set_top(ctx, 0);
		return duk_bi_object_prototype_to_string(ctx);  /* has access to 'this' binding */
	}

	/* [ ... this func ] */

	duk_insert(ctx, -2);

	/* [ ... func this ] */

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("calling: func=%!iT, this=%!iT",
	                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -2),
	                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));
	duk_call_method(ctx, 0);

	return 1;
}

/*
 *  concat()
 */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_array_prototype_concat(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_idx_t i, n;
	duk_uarridx_t idx, idx_last;
	duk_uarridx_t j, len;
	duk_hobject *h;

	/* XXX: the insert here is a bit expensive if there are a lot of items.
	 * It could also be special cased in the outermost for loop quite easily
	 * (as the element is dup()'d anyway).
	 */

	(void) duk_push_this_coercible_to_object(ctx);
	duk_insert(ctx, 0);
	n = duk_get_top(ctx);
	duk_push_array(ctx);  /* -> [ ToObject(this) item1 ... itemN arr ] */

	/* NOTE: The Array special behaviors are NOT invoked by duk_xdef_prop_index()
	 * (which differs from the official algorithm).  If no error is thrown, this
	 * doesn't matter as the length is updated at the end.  However, if an error
	 * is thrown, the length will be unset.  That shouldn't matter because the
	 * caller won't get a reference to the intermediate value.
	 */

	idx = 0;
	idx_last = 0;
	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, n + 1);

		/* [ ToObject(this) item1 ... itemN arr ] */

		duk_dup(ctx, i);
		h = duk_get_hobject_with_class(ctx, -1, DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_ARRAY);
		if (!h) {
			duk_xdef_prop_index_wec(ctx, -2, idx++);
			idx_last = idx;
			continue;
		}

		/* [ ToObject(this) item1 ... itemN arr item(i) ] */

		/* XXX: an array can have length higher than 32 bits; this is not handled
		 * correctly now.
		 */
		len = (duk_uarridx_t) duk_get_length(ctx, -1);
		for (j = 0; j < len; j++) {
			if (duk_get_prop_index(ctx, -1, j)) {
				/* [ ToObject(this) item1 ... itemN arr item(i) item(i)[j] ] */
				duk_xdef_prop_index_wec(ctx, -3, idx++);
				idx_last = idx;
			} else {
				idx++;
				duk_pop(ctx);
#if defined(DUK_USE_NONSTD_ARRAY_CONCAT_TRAILER)
				/* According to E5.1 Section 15.4.4.4 nonexistent trailing
				 * elements do not affect 'length' of the result.  Test262
				 * and other engines disagree, so update idx_last here too.
				 */
				idx_last = idx;
#else
				/* Strict standard behavior, ignore trailing elements for
				 * result 'length'.
				 */
#endif
			}
		}
		duk_pop(ctx);
	}

	/* The E5.1 Section 15.4.4.4 algorithm doesn't set the length explicitly
	 * in the end, but because we're operating with an internal value which
	 * is known to be an array, this should be equivalent.
	 */
	duk_push_uarridx(ctx, idx_last);
	duk_xdef_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_LENGTH, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_W);

	DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, n + 1);
	return 1;
}

/*
 *  join(), toLocaleString()
 *
 *  Note: checking valstack is necessary, but only in the per-element loop.
 *
 *  Note: the trivial approach of pushing all the elements on the value stack
 *  and then calling duk_join() fails when the array contains a large number
 *  of elements.  This problem can't be offloaded to duk_join() because the
 *  elements to join must be handled here and have special handling.  Current
 *  approach is to do intermediate joins with very large number of elements.
 *  There is no fancy handling; the prefix gets re-joined multiple times.
 */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_array_prototype_join_shared(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_uint32_t len, count;
	duk_uint32_t idx;
	duk_small_int_t to_locale_string = duk_get_current_magic(ctx);
	duk_idx_t valstack_required;

	/* For join(), nargs is 1.  For toLocaleString(), nargs is 0 and
	 * setting the top essentially pushes an undefined to the stack,
	 * thus defaulting to a comma separator.
	 */
	duk_set_top(ctx, 1);
	if (duk_is_undefined(ctx, 0)) {
		duk_pop(ctx);
		duk_push_hstring_stridx(ctx, DUK_STRIDX_COMMA);
	} else {
		duk_to_string(ctx, 0);
	}

	len = duk__push_this_obj_len_u32(ctx);

	/* [ sep ToObject(this) len ] */

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("sep=%!T, this=%!T, len=%lu",
	                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, 0),
	                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, 1),
	                     (unsigned long) len));

	/* The extra (+4) is tight. */
	valstack_required = (len >= DUK__ARRAY_MID_JOIN_LIMIT ?
	                     DUK__ARRAY_MID_JOIN_LIMIT : len) + 4;
	duk_require_stack(ctx, valstack_required);

	duk_dup(ctx, 0);

	/* [ sep ToObject(this) len sep ] */

	count = 0;
	idx = 0;
	for (;;) {
		if (count >= DUK__ARRAY_MID_JOIN_LIMIT ||   /* intermediate join to avoid valstack overflow */
		    idx >= len) { /* end of loop (careful with len==0) */
			/* [ sep ToObject(this) len sep str0 ... str(count-1) ] */
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("mid/final join, count=%ld, idx=%ld, len=%ld",
			                     (long) count, (long) idx, (long) len));
			duk_join(ctx, (duk_idx_t) count);  /* -> [ sep ToObject(this) len str ] */
			duk_dup(ctx, 0);                   /* -> [ sep ToObject(this) len str sep ] */
			duk_insert(ctx, -2);               /* -> [ sep ToObject(this) len sep str ] */
			count = 1;
		}
		if (idx >= len) {
			/* if true, the stack already contains the final result */
			break;
		}

		duk_get_prop_index(ctx, 1, (duk_uarridx_t) idx);
		if (duk_is_null_or_undefined(ctx, -1)) {
			duk_pop(ctx);
			duk_push_hstring_stridx(ctx, DUK_STRIDX_EMPTY_STRING);
		} else {
			if (to_locale_string) {
				duk_to_object(ctx, -1);
				duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, -1, DUK_STRIDX_TO_LOCALE_STRING);
				duk_insert(ctx, -2);  /* -> [ ... toLocaleString ToObject(val) ] */
				duk_call_method(ctx, 0);
				duk_to_string(ctx, -1);
			} else {
				duk_to_string(ctx, -1);
			}
		}

		count++;
		idx++;
	}

	/* [ sep ToObject(this) len sep result ] */

	return 1;
}

/*
 *  pop(), push()
 */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_array_prototype_pop(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_uint32_t len;
	duk_uint32_t idx;

	DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, 0);
	len = duk__push_this_obj_len_u32(ctx);
	if (len == 0) {
		duk_push_int(ctx, 0);
		duk_put_prop_stridx(ctx, 0, DUK_STRIDX_LENGTH);
		return 0;
	}
	idx = len - 1;

	duk_get_prop_index(ctx, 0, (duk_uarridx_t) idx);
	duk_del_prop_index(ctx, 0, (duk_uarridx_t) idx);
	duk_push_u32(ctx, idx);
	duk_put_prop_stridx(ctx, 0, DUK_STRIDX_LENGTH);
	return 1;
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_array_prototype_push(duk_context *ctx) {
	/* Note: 'this' is not necessarily an Array object.  The push()
	 * algorithm is supposed to work for other kinds of objects too,
	 * so the algorithm has e.g. an explicit update for the 'length'
	 * property which is normally "magical" in arrays.
	 */

	duk_uint32_t len;
	duk_idx_t i, n;

	n = duk_get_top(ctx);
	len = duk__push_this_obj_len_u32(ctx);

	/* [ arg1 ... argN obj length ] */

	/* Technically Array.prototype.push() can create an Array with length
	 * longer than 2^32-1, i.e. outside the 32-bit range.  The final length
	 * is *not* wrapped to 32 bits in the specification.
	 *
	 * This implementation tracks length with a uint32 because it's much
	 * more practical.
	 *
	 * See: test-bi-array-push-maxlen.js.
	 */

	if (len + (duk_uint32_t) n < len) {
		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("Array.prototype.push() would go beyond 32-bit length, throw"));
		return DUK_RET_RANGE_ERROR;
	}

	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		duk_dup(ctx, i);
		duk_put_prop_index(ctx, -3, len + i);
	}
	len += n;

	duk_push_u32(ctx, len);
	duk_dup_top(ctx);
	duk_put_prop_stridx(ctx, -4, DUK_STRIDX_LENGTH);

	/* [ arg1 ... argN obj length new_length ] */
	return 1;
}

/*
 *  sort()
 *
 *  Currently qsort with random pivot.  This is now really, really slow,
 *  because there is no fast path for array parts.
 *
 *  Signed indices are used because qsort() leaves and degenerate cases
 *  may use a negative offset.
 */

DUK_LOCAL duk_small_int_t duk__array_sort_compare(duk_context *ctx, duk_int_t idx1, duk_int_t idx2) {
	duk_bool_t have1, have2;
	duk_bool_t undef1, undef2;
	duk_small_int_t ret;
	duk_idx_t idx_obj = 1;  /* fixed offsets in valstack */
	duk_idx_t idx_fn = 0;
	duk_hstring *h1, *h2;

	/* Fast exit if indices are identical.  This is valid for a non-existent property,
	 * for an undefined value, and almost always for ToString() coerced comparison of
	 * arbitrary values (corner cases where this is not the case include e.g. a an
	 * object with varying ToString() coercion).
	 *
	 * The specification does not prohibit "caching" of values read from the array, so
	 * assuming equality for comparing an index with itself falls into the category of
	 * "caching".
	 *
	 * Also, compareFn may be inconsistent, so skipping a call to compareFn here may
	 * have an effect on the final result.  The specification does not require any
	 * specific behavior for inconsistent compare functions, so again, this fast path
	 * is OK.
	 */

	if (idx1 == idx2) {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("duk__array_sort_compare: idx1=%ld, idx2=%ld -> indices identical, quick exit",
		                     (long) idx1, (long) idx2));
		return 0;
	}

	have1 = duk_get_prop_index(ctx, idx_obj, (duk_uarridx_t) idx1);
	have2 = duk_get_prop_index(ctx, idx_obj, (duk_uarridx_t) idx2);

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("duk__array_sort_compare: idx1=%ld, idx2=%ld, have1=%ld, have2=%ld, val1=%!T, val2=%!T",
	                     (long) idx1, (long) idx2, (long) have1, (long) have2,
	                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -2), (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));

	if (have1) {
		if (have2) {
			;
		} else {
			ret = -1;
			goto pop_ret;
		}
	} else {
		if (have2) {
			ret = 1;
			goto pop_ret;
		} else {
			ret = 0;
			goto pop_ret;
		}
	}

	undef1 = duk_is_undefined(ctx, -2);
	undef2 = duk_is_undefined(ctx, -1);
	if (undef1) {
		if (undef2) {
			ret = 0;
			goto pop_ret;
		} else {
			ret = 1;
			goto pop_ret;
		}
	} else {
		if (undef2) {
			ret = -1;
			goto pop_ret;
		} else {
			;
		}
	}

	if (!duk_is_undefined(ctx, idx_fn)) {
		duk_double_t d;

		/* no need to check callable; duk_call() will do that */
		duk_dup(ctx, idx_fn);    /* -> [ ... x y fn ] */
		duk_insert(ctx, -3);     /* -> [ ... fn x y ] */
		duk_call(ctx, 2);        /* -> [ ... res ] */

		/* The specification is a bit vague what to do if the return
		 * value is not a number.  Other implementations seem to
		 * tolerate non-numbers but e.g. V8 won't apparently do a
		 * ToNumber().
		 */

		/* XXX: best behavior for real world compatibility? */

		d = duk_to_number(ctx, -1);
		if (d < 0.0) {
			ret = -1;
		} else if (d > 0.0) {
			ret = 1;
		} else {
			ret = 0;
		}

		duk_pop(ctx);
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("-> result %ld (from comparefn, after coercion)", (long) ret));
		return ret;
	}

	/* string compare is the default (a bit oddly) */

	h1 = duk_to_hstring(ctx, -2);
	h2 = duk_to_hstring(ctx, -1);
	DUK_ASSERT(h1 != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(h2 != NULL);

	ret = duk_js_string_compare(h1, h2);  /* retval is directly usable */
	goto pop_ret;

 pop_ret:
	duk_pop_2(ctx);
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("-> result %ld", (long) ret));
	return ret;
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__array_sort_swap(duk_context *ctx, duk_int_t l, duk_int_t r) {
	duk_bool_t have_l, have_r;
	duk_idx_t idx_obj = 1;  /* fixed offset in valstack */

	if (l == r) {
		return;
	}

	/* swap elements; deal with non-existent elements correctly */
	have_l = duk_get_prop_index(ctx, idx_obj, (duk_uarridx_t) l);
	have_r = duk_get_prop_index(ctx, idx_obj, (duk_uarridx_t) r);

	if (have_r) {
		/* right exists, [[Put]] regardless whether or not left exists */
		duk_put_prop_index(ctx, idx_obj, (duk_uarridx_t) l);
	} else {
		duk_del_prop_index(ctx, idx_obj, (duk_uarridx_t) l);
		duk_pop(ctx);
	}

	if (have_l) {
		duk_put_prop_index(ctx, idx_obj, (duk_uarridx_t) r);
	} else {
		duk_del_prop_index(ctx, idx_obj, (duk_uarridx_t) r);
		duk_pop(ctx);
	}
}

#if defined(DUK_USE_DDDPRINT)
/* Debug print which visualizes the qsort partitioning process. */
DUK_LOCAL void duk__debuglog_qsort_state(duk_context *ctx, duk_int_t lo, duk_int_t hi, duk_int_t pivot) {
	char buf[4096];
	char *ptr = buf;
	duk_int_t i, n;
	n = (duk_int_t) duk_get_length(ctx, 1);
	if (n > 4000) {
		n = 4000;
	}
	*ptr++ = '[';
	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		if (i == pivot) {
			*ptr++ = '|';
		} else if (i == lo) {
			*ptr++ = '<';
		} else if (i == hi) {
			*ptr++ = '>';
		} else if (i >= lo && i <= hi) {
			*ptr++ = '-';
		} else {
			*ptr++ = ' ';
		}
	}
	*ptr++ = ']';
	*ptr++ = '\0';

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("%s   (lo=%ld, hi=%ld, pivot=%ld)",
	                     (const char *) buf, (long) lo, (long) hi, (long) pivot));
}
#endif

DUK_LOCAL void duk__array_qsort(duk_context *ctx, duk_int_t lo, duk_int_t hi) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_int_t p, l, r;

	/* The lo/hi indices may be crossed and hi < 0 is possible at entry. */

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("duk__array_qsort: lo=%ld, hi=%ld, obj=%!T",
	                     (long) lo, (long) hi, (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, 1)));

	DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, 3);

	/* In some cases it may be that lo > hi, or hi < 0; these
	 * degenerate cases happen e.g. for empty arrays, and in
	 * recursion leaves.
	 */

	/* trivial cases */
	if (hi - lo < 1) {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("degenerate case, return immediately"));
		return;
	}
	DUK_ASSERT(hi > lo);
	DUK_ASSERT(hi - lo + 1 >= 2);

	/* randomized pivot selection */
	p = lo + (duk_util_tinyrandom_get_bits(thr, 30) % (hi - lo + 1));  /* rnd in [lo,hi] */
	DUK_ASSERT(p >= lo && p <= hi);
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("lo=%ld, hi=%ld, chose pivot p=%ld",
	                     (long) lo, (long) hi, (long) p));

	/* move pivot out of the way */
	duk__array_sort_swap(ctx, p, lo);
	p = lo;
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("pivot moved out of the way: %!T", (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, 1)));

	l = lo + 1;
	r = hi;
	for (;;) {
		/* find elements to swap */
		for (;;) {
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("left scan: l=%ld, r=%ld, p=%ld",
			                     (long) l, (long) r, (long) p));
			if (l >= hi) {
				break;
			}
			if (duk__array_sort_compare(ctx, l, p) >= 0) {  /* !(l < p) */
				break;
			}
			l++;
		}
		for (;;) {
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("right scan: l=%ld, r=%ld, p=%ld",
			                     (long) l, (long) r, (long) p));
			if (r <= lo) {
				break;
			}
			if (duk__array_sort_compare(ctx, p, r) >= 0) {  /* !(p < r) */
				break;
			}
			r--;
		}
		if (l >= r) {
			goto done;
		}
		DUK_ASSERT(l < r);

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("swap %ld and %ld", (long) l, (long) r));

		duk__array_sort_swap(ctx, l, r);

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("after swap: %!T", (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, 1)));
		l++;
		r--;
	}
 done:
	/* Note that 'l' and 'r' may cross, i.e. r < l */
	DUK_ASSERT(l >= lo && l <= hi);
	DUK_ASSERT(r >= lo && r <= hi);

	/* XXX: there's no explicit recursion bound here now.  For the average
	 * qsort recursion depth O(log n) that's not really necessary: e.g. for
	 * 2**32 recursion depth would be about 32 which is OK.  However, qsort
	 * worst case recursion depth is O(n) which may be a problem.
	 */

	/* move pivot to its final place */
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("before final pivot swap: %!T", (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, 1)));
	duk__array_sort_swap(ctx, lo, r);

#if defined(DUK_USE_DDDPRINT)
	duk__debuglog_qsort_state(ctx, lo, hi, r);
#endif

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("recurse: pivot=%ld, obj=%!T", (long) r, (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, 1)));
	duk__array_qsort(ctx, lo, r - 1);
	duk__array_qsort(ctx, r + 1, hi);
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_array_prototype_sort(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_uint32_t len;

	/* XXX: len >= 0x80000000 won't work below because a signed type
	 * is needed by qsort.
	 */
	len = duk__push_this_obj_len_u32_limited(ctx);

	/* stack[0] = compareFn
	 * stack[1] = ToObject(this)
	 * stack[2] = ToUint32(length)
	 */

	if (len > 0) {
		/* avoid degenerate cases, so that (len - 1) won't underflow */
		duk__array_qsort(ctx, (duk_int_t) 0, (duk_int_t) (len - 1));
	}

	DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, 3);
	duk_pop(ctx);
	return 1;  /* return ToObject(this) */
}

/*
 *  splice()
 */

/* XXX: this compiles to over 500 bytes now, even without special handling
 * for an array part.  Uses signed ints so does not handle full array range correctly.
 */

/* XXX: can shift() / unshift() use the same helper?
 *   shift() is (close to?) <--> splice(0, 1)
 *   unshift is (close to?) <--> splice(0, 0, [items])?
 */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_array_prototype_splice(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_idx_t nargs;
	duk_uint32_t len;
	duk_bool_t have_delcount;
	duk_int_t item_count;
	duk_int_t act_start;
	duk_int_t del_count;
	duk_int_t i, n;

	DUK_UNREF(have_delcount);

	nargs = duk_get_top(ctx);
	if (nargs < 2) {
		duk_set_top(ctx, 2);
		nargs = 2;
		have_delcount = 0;
	} else {
		have_delcount = 1;
	}

	/* XXX: len >= 0x80000000 won't work below because we need to be
	 * able to represent -len.
	 */
	len = duk__push_this_obj_len_u32_limited(ctx);

	act_start = duk_to_int_clamped(ctx, 0, -((duk_int_t) len), (duk_int_t) len);
	if (act_start < 0) {
		act_start = len + act_start;
	}
	DUK_ASSERT(act_start >= 0 && act_start <= (duk_int_t) len);

#ifdef DUK_USE_NONSTD_ARRAY_SPLICE_DELCOUNT
	if (have_delcount) {
#endif
		del_count = duk_to_int_clamped(ctx, 1, 0, len - act_start);
#ifdef DUK_USE_NONSTD_ARRAY_SPLICE_DELCOUNT
	} else {
		/* E5.1 standard behavior when deleteCount is not given would be
		 * to treat it just like if 'undefined' was given, which coerces
		 * ultimately to 0.  Real world behavior is to splice to the end
		 * of array, see test-bi-array-proto-splice-no-delcount.js.
		 */
		del_count = len - act_start;
	}
#endif

	DUK_ASSERT(nargs >= 2);
	item_count = (duk_int_t) (nargs - 2);

	DUK_ASSERT(del_count >= 0 && del_count <= (duk_int_t) len - act_start);
	DUK_ASSERT(del_count + act_start <= (duk_int_t) len);

	/* For now, restrict result array into 32-bit length range. */
	if (((duk_double_t) len) - ((duk_double_t) del_count) + ((duk_double_t) item_count) > (duk_double_t) DUK_UINT32_MAX) {
		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("Array.prototype.splice() would go beyond 32-bit length, throw"));
		return DUK_RET_RANGE_ERROR;
	}

	duk_push_array(ctx);

	/* stack[0] = start
	 * stack[1] = deleteCount
	 * stack[2...nargs-1] = items
	 * stack[nargs] = ToObject(this)               -3
	 * stack[nargs+1] = ToUint32(length)           -2
	 * stack[nargs+2] = result array               -1
	 */

	DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, nargs + 3);

	/* Step 9: copy elements-to-be-deleted into the result array */

	for (i = 0; i < del_count; i++) {
		if (duk_get_prop_index(ctx, -3, (duk_uarridx_t) (act_start + i))) {
			duk_xdef_prop_index_wec(ctx, -2, i);  /* throw flag irrelevant (false in std alg) */
		} else {
			duk_pop(ctx);
		}
	}
	duk_push_u32(ctx, (duk_uint32_t) del_count);
	duk_xdef_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_LENGTH, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_W);

	/* Steps 12 and 13: reorganize elements to make room for itemCount elements */

	if (item_count < del_count) {
		/*    [ A B C D E F G H ]    rel_index = 2, del_count 3, item count 1
		 * -> [ A B F G H ]          (conceptual intermediate step)
		 * -> [ A B . F G H ]        (placeholder marked)
		 *    [ A B C F G H ]        (actual result at this point, C will be replaced)
		 */

		DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, nargs + 3);

		n = len - del_count;
		for (i = act_start; i < n; i++) {
			if (duk_get_prop_index(ctx, -3, (duk_uarridx_t) (i + del_count))) {
				duk_put_prop_index(ctx, -4, (duk_uarridx_t) (i + item_count));
			} else {
				duk_pop(ctx);
				duk_del_prop_index(ctx, -3, (duk_uarridx_t) (i + item_count));
			}
		}

		DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, nargs + 3);

		/* loop iterator init and limit changed from standard algorithm */
		n = len - del_count + item_count;
		for (i = len - 1; i >= n; i--) {
			duk_del_prop_index(ctx, -3, (duk_uarridx_t) i);
		}

		DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, nargs + 3);
	} else if (item_count > del_count) {
		/*    [ A B C D E F G H ]    rel_index = 2, del_count 3, item count 4
		 * -> [ A B F G H ]          (conceptual intermediate step)
		 * -> [ A B . . . . F G H ]  (placeholder marked)
		 *    [ A B C D E F F G H ]  (actual result at this point)
		 */

		DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, nargs + 3);

		/* loop iterator init and limit changed from standard algorithm */
		for (i = len - del_count - 1; i >= act_start; i--) {
			if (duk_get_prop_index(ctx, -3, (duk_uarridx_t) (i + del_count))) {
				duk_put_prop_index(ctx, -4, (duk_uarridx_t) (i + item_count));
			} else {
				duk_pop(ctx);
				duk_del_prop_index(ctx, -3, (duk_uarridx_t) (i + item_count));
			}
		}

		DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, nargs + 3);
	} else {
		/*    [ A B C D E F G H ]    rel_index = 2, del_count 3, item count 3
		 * -> [ A B F G H ]          (conceptual intermediate step)
		 * -> [ A B . . . F G H ]    (placeholder marked)
		 *    [ A B C D E F G H ]    (actual result at this point)
		 */
	}
	DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, nargs + 3);

	/* Step 15: insert itemCount elements into the hole made above */

	for (i = 0; i < item_count; i++) {
		duk_dup(ctx, i + 2);  /* args start at index 2 */
		duk_put_prop_index(ctx, -4, (duk_uarridx_t) (act_start + i));
	}

	/* Step 16: update length; note that the final length may be above 32 bit range
	 * (but we checked above that this isn't the case here)
	 */

	duk_push_u32(ctx, len - del_count + item_count);
	duk_put_prop_stridx(ctx, -4, DUK_STRIDX_LENGTH);

	/* result array is already at the top of stack */
	DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, nargs + 3);
	return 1;
}

/*
 *  reverse()
 */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_array_prototype_reverse(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_uint32_t len;
	duk_uint32_t middle;
	duk_uint32_t lower, upper;
	duk_bool_t have_lower, have_upper;

	len = duk__push_this_obj_len_u32(ctx);
	middle = len / 2;

	/* If len <= 1, middle will be 0 and for-loop bails out
	 * immediately (0 < 0 -> false).
	 */

	for (lower = 0; lower < middle; lower++) {
		DUK_ASSERT(len >= 2);
		DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, 2);

		DUK_ASSERT(len >= lower + 1);
		upper = len - lower - 1;

		have_lower = duk_get_prop_index(ctx, -2, (duk_uarridx_t) lower);
		have_upper = duk_get_prop_index(ctx, -3, (duk_uarridx_t) upper);

		/* [ ToObject(this) ToUint32(length) lowerValue upperValue ] */

		if (have_upper) {
			duk_put_prop_index(ctx, -4, (duk_uarridx_t) lower);
		} else {
			duk_del_prop_index(ctx, -4, (duk_uarridx_t) lower);
			duk_pop(ctx);
		}

		if (have_lower) {
			duk_put_prop_index(ctx, -3, (duk_uarridx_t) upper);
		} else {
			duk_del_prop_index(ctx, -3, (duk_uarridx_t) upper);
			duk_pop(ctx);
		}

		DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, 2);
	}

	DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, 2);
	duk_pop(ctx);  /* -> [ ToObject(this) ] */
	return 1;
}

/*
 *  slice()
 */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_array_prototype_slice(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_uint32_t len;
	duk_int_t start, end;
	duk_int_t i;
	duk_uarridx_t idx;
	duk_uint32_t res_length = 0;

	/* XXX: len >= 0x80000000 won't work below because we need to be
	 * able to represent -len.
	 */
	len = duk__push_this_obj_len_u32_limited(ctx);
	duk_push_array(ctx);

	/* stack[0] = start
	 * stack[1] = end
	 * stack[2] = ToObject(this)
	 * stack[3] = ToUint32(length)
	 * stack[4] = result array
	 */

	start = duk_to_int_clamped(ctx, 0, -((duk_int_t) len), (duk_int_t) len);
	if (start < 0) {
		start = len + start;
	}
	/* XXX: could duk_is_undefined() provide defaulting undefined to 'len'
	 * (the upper limit)?
	 */
	if (duk_is_undefined(ctx, 1)) {
		end = len;
	} else {
		end = duk_to_int_clamped(ctx, 1, -((duk_int_t) len), (duk_int_t) len);
		if (end < 0) {
			end = len + end;
		}
	}
	DUK_ASSERT(start >= 0 && (duk_uint32_t) start <= len);
	DUK_ASSERT(end >= 0 && (duk_uint32_t) end <= len);

	idx = 0;
	for (i = start; i < end; i++) {
		DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, 5);
		if (duk_get_prop_index(ctx, 2, (duk_uarridx_t) i)) {
			duk_xdef_prop_index_wec(ctx, 4, idx);
			res_length = idx + 1;
		} else {
			duk_pop(ctx);
		}
		idx++;
		DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, 5);
	}

	duk_push_u32(ctx, res_length);
	duk_xdef_prop_stridx(ctx, 4, DUK_STRIDX_LENGTH, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_W);

	DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, 5);
	return 1;
}

/*
 *  shift()
 */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_array_prototype_shift(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_uint32_t len;
	duk_uint32_t i;

	len = duk__push_this_obj_len_u32(ctx);
	if (len == 0) {
		duk_push_int(ctx, 0);
		duk_put_prop_stridx(ctx, 0, DUK_STRIDX_LENGTH);
		return 0;
	}

	duk_get_prop_index(ctx, 0, 0);

	/* stack[0] = object (this)
	 * stack[1] = ToUint32(length)
	 * stack[2] = elem at index 0 (retval)
	 */

	for (i = 1; i < len; i++) {
		DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, 3);
		if (duk_get_prop_index(ctx, 0, (duk_uarridx_t) i)) {
			/* fromPresent = true */
			duk_put_prop_index(ctx, 0, (duk_uarridx_t) (i - 1));
		} else {
			/* fromPresent = false */
			duk_del_prop_index(ctx, 0, (duk_uarridx_t) (i - 1));
			duk_pop(ctx);
		}
	}
	duk_del_prop_index(ctx, 0, (duk_uarridx_t) (len - 1));

	duk_push_u32(ctx, (duk_uint32_t) (len - 1));
	duk_put_prop_stridx(ctx, 0, DUK_STRIDX_LENGTH);

	DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, 3);
	return 1;
}

/*
 *  unshift()
 */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_array_prototype_unshift(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_idx_t nargs;
	duk_uint32_t len;
	duk_uint32_t i;

	nargs = duk_get_top(ctx);
	len = duk__push_this_obj_len_u32(ctx);

	/* stack[0...nargs-1] = unshift args (vararg)
	 * stack[nargs] = ToObject(this)
	 * stack[nargs+1] = ToUint32(length)
	 */

	DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, nargs + 2);

	/* Note: unshift() may operate on indices above unsigned 32-bit range
	 * and the final length may be >= 2**32.  However, we restrict the
	 * final result to 32-bit range for practicality.
	 */

	if (len + (duk_uint32_t) nargs < len) {
		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("Array.prototype.unshift() would go beyond 32-bit length, throw"));
		return DUK_RET_RANGE_ERROR;
	}

	i = len;
	while (i > 0) {
		DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, nargs + 2);
		i--;
		/* k+argCount-1; note that may be above 32-bit range */

		if (duk_get_prop_index(ctx, -2, (duk_uarridx_t) i)) {
			/* fromPresent = true */
			/* [ ... ToObject(this) ToUint32(length) val ] */
			duk_put_prop_index(ctx, -3, (duk_uarridx_t) (i + nargs));  /* -> [ ... ToObject(this) ToUint32(length) ] */
		} else {
			/* fromPresent = false */
			/* [ ... ToObject(this) ToUint32(length) val ] */
			duk_pop(ctx);
			duk_del_prop_index(ctx, -2, (duk_uarridx_t) (i + nargs));  /* -> [ ... ToObject(this) ToUint32(length) ] */
		}
		DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, nargs + 2);
	}

	for (i = 0; i < (duk_uint32_t) nargs; i++) {
		DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, nargs + 2);
		duk_dup(ctx, i);  /* -> [ ... ToObject(this) ToUint32(length) arg[i] ] */
		duk_put_prop_index(ctx, -3, (duk_uarridx_t) i);
		DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, nargs + 2);
	}

	DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, nargs + 2);
	duk_push_u32(ctx, len + nargs);
	duk_dup_top(ctx);  /* -> [ ... ToObject(this) ToUint32(length) final_len final_len ] */
	duk_put_prop_stridx(ctx, -4, DUK_STRIDX_LENGTH);
	return 1;
}

/*
 *  indexOf(), lastIndexOf()
 */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_array_prototype_indexof_shared(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_idx_t nargs;
	duk_int_t i, len;
	duk_int_t from_index;
	duk_small_int_t idx_step = duk_get_current_magic(ctx);  /* idx_step is +1 for indexOf, -1 for lastIndexOf */

	/* lastIndexOf() needs to be a vararg function because we must distinguish
	 * between an undefined fromIndex and a "not given" fromIndex; indexOf() is
	 * made vararg for symmetry although it doesn't strictly need to be.
	 */

	nargs = duk_get_top(ctx);
	duk_set_top(ctx, 2);

	/* XXX: must be able to represent -len */
	len = (duk_int_t) duk__push_this_obj_len_u32_limited(ctx);
	if (len == 0) {
		goto not_found;
	}

	/* Index clamping is a bit tricky, we must ensure that we'll only iterate
	 * through elements that exist and that the specific requirements from E5.1
	 * Sections 15.4.4.14 and 15.4.4.15 are fulfilled; especially:
	 *
	 *   - indexOf: clamp to [-len,len], negative handling -> [0,len],
	 *     if clamped result is len, for-loop bails out immediately
	 *
	 *   - lastIndexOf: clamp to [-len-1, len-1], negative handling -> [-1, len-1],
	 *     if clamped result is -1, for-loop bails out immediately
	 *
	 * If fromIndex is not given, ToInteger(undefined) = 0, which is correct
	 * for indexOf() but incorrect for lastIndexOf().  Hence special handling,
	 * and why lastIndexOf() needs to be a vararg function.
	 */

	if (nargs >= 2) {
		/* indexOf: clamp fromIndex to [-len, len]
		 * (if fromIndex == len, for-loop terminates directly)
		 *
		 * lastIndexOf: clamp fromIndex to [-len - 1, len - 1]
		 * (if clamped to -len-1 -> fromIndex becomes -1, terminates for-loop directly)
		 */
		from_index = duk_to_int_clamped(ctx,
		                                1,
		                                (idx_step > 0 ? -len : -len - 1),
		                                (idx_step > 0 ? len : len - 1));
		if (from_index < 0) {
			/* for lastIndexOf, result may be -1 (mark immediate termination) */
			from_index = len + from_index;
		}
	} else {
		/* for indexOf, ToInteger(undefined) would be 0, i.e. correct, but
		 * handle both indexOf and lastIndexOf specially here.
		 */
		if (idx_step > 0) {
			from_index = 0;
		} else {
			from_index = len - 1;
		}
	}

	/* stack[0] = searchElement
	 * stack[1] = fromIndex
	 * stack[2] = object
	 * stack[3] = length (not needed, but not popped above)
	 */

	for (i = from_index; i >= 0 && i < len; i += idx_step) {
		DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, 4);

		if (duk_get_prop_index(ctx, 2, (duk_uarridx_t) i)) {
			DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, 5);
			if (duk_strict_equals(ctx, 0, 4)) {
				duk_push_int(ctx, i);
				return 1;
			}
		}

		duk_pop(ctx);
	}

 not_found:
	duk_push_int(ctx, -1);
	return 1;
}

/*
 *  every(), some(), forEach(), map(), filter()
 */

#define DUK__ITER_EVERY    0
#define DUK__ITER_SOME     1
#define DUK__ITER_FOREACH  2
#define DUK__ITER_MAP      3
#define DUK__ITER_FILTER   4

/* XXX: This helper is a bit awkward because the handling for the different iteration
 * callers is quite different.  This now compiles to a bit less than 500 bytes, so with
 * 5 callers the net result is about 100 bytes / caller.
 */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_array_prototype_iter_shared(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_uint32_t len;
	duk_uint32_t i;
	duk_uarridx_t k;
	duk_bool_t bval;
	duk_small_int_t iter_type = duk_get_current_magic(ctx);
	duk_uint32_t res_length = 0;

	/* each call this helper serves has nargs==2 */
	DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, 2);

	len = duk__push_this_obj_len_u32(ctx);
	duk_require_callable(ctx, 0);
	/* if thisArg not supplied, behave as if undefined was supplied */

	if (iter_type == DUK__ITER_MAP || iter_type == DUK__ITER_FILTER) {
		duk_push_array(ctx);
	} else {
		duk_push_undefined(ctx);
	}

	/* stack[0] = callback
	 * stack[1] = thisArg
	 * stack[2] = object
	 * stack[3] = ToUint32(length)  (unused, but avoid unnecessary pop)
	 * stack[4] = result array (or undefined)
	 */

	k = 0;  /* result index for filter() */
	for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
		DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, 5);

		if (!duk_get_prop_index(ctx, 2, (duk_uarridx_t) i)) {
#if defined(DUK_USE_NONSTD_ARRAY_MAP_TRAILER)
			/* Real world behavior for map(): trailing non-existent
			 * elements don't invoke the user callback, but are still
			 * counted towards result 'length'.
			 */
			if (iter_type == DUK__ITER_MAP) {
				res_length = i + 1;
			}
#else
			/* Standard behavior for map(): trailing non-existent
			 * elements don't invoke the user callback and are not
			 * counted towards result 'length'.
			 */
#endif
			duk_pop(ctx);
			continue;
		}

		/* The original value needs to be preserved for filter(), hence
		 * this funny order.  We can't re-get the value because of side
		 * effects.
		 */

		duk_dup(ctx, 0);
		duk_dup(ctx, 1);
		duk_dup(ctx, -3);
		duk_push_u32(ctx, i);
		duk_dup(ctx, 2);  /* [ ... val callback thisArg val i obj ] */
		duk_call_method(ctx, 3); /* -> [ ... val retval ] */

		switch (iter_type) {
		case DUK__ITER_EVERY:
			bval = duk_to_boolean(ctx, -1);
			if (!bval) {
				/* stack top contains 'false' */
				return 1;
			}
			break;
		case DUK__ITER_SOME:
			bval = duk_to_boolean(ctx, -1);
			if (bval) {
				/* stack top contains 'true' */
				return 1;
			}
			break;
		case DUK__ITER_FOREACH:
			/* nop */
			break;
		case DUK__ITER_MAP:
			duk_dup(ctx, -1);
			duk_xdef_prop_index_wec(ctx, 4, (duk_uarridx_t) i);  /* retval to result[i] */
			res_length = i + 1;
			break;
		case DUK__ITER_FILTER:
			bval = duk_to_boolean(ctx, -1);
			if (bval) {
				duk_dup(ctx, -2);  /* orig value */
				duk_xdef_prop_index_wec(ctx, 4, (duk_uarridx_t) k);
				k++;
				res_length = k;
			}
			break;
		default:
			DUK_UNREACHABLE();
			break;
		}
		duk_pop_2(ctx);

		DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, 5);
	}

	switch (iter_type) {
	case DUK__ITER_EVERY:
		duk_push_true(ctx);
		break;
	case DUK__ITER_SOME:
		duk_push_false(ctx);
		break;
	case DUK__ITER_FOREACH:
		duk_push_undefined(ctx);
		break;
	case DUK__ITER_MAP:
	case DUK__ITER_FILTER:
		DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, 5);
		DUK_ASSERT(duk_is_array(ctx, -1));  /* topmost element is the result array already */
		duk_push_u32(ctx, res_length);
		duk_xdef_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_LENGTH, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_W);
		break;
	default:
		DUK_UNREACHABLE();
		break;
	}

	return 1;
}

/*
 *  reduce(), reduceRight()
 */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_array_prototype_reduce_shared(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_idx_t nargs;
	duk_bool_t have_acc;
	duk_uint32_t i, len;
	duk_small_int_t idx_step = duk_get_current_magic(ctx);  /* idx_step is +1 for reduce, -1 for reduceRight */

	/* We're a varargs function because we need to detect whether
	 * initialValue was given or not.
	 */
	nargs = duk_get_top(ctx);
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("nargs=%ld", (long) nargs));

	duk_set_top(ctx, 2);
	len = duk__push_this_obj_len_u32(ctx);
	if (!duk_is_callable(ctx, 0)) {
		goto type_error;
	}

	/* stack[0] = callback fn
	 * stack[1] = initialValue
	 * stack[2] = object (coerced this)
	 * stack[3] = length (not needed, but not popped above)
	 * stack[4] = accumulator
	 */

	have_acc = 0;
	if (nargs >= 2) {
		duk_dup(ctx, 1);
		have_acc = 1;
	}
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("have_acc=%ld, acc=%!T",
	                     (long) have_acc, (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, 3)));

	/* For len == 0, i is initialized to len - 1 which underflows.
	 * The condition (i < len) will then exit the for-loop on the
	 * first round which is correct.  Similarly, loop termination
	 * happens by i underflowing.
	 */

	for (i = (idx_step >= 0 ? 0 : len - 1);
	     i < len;  /* i >= 0 would always be true */
	     i += idx_step) {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("i=%ld, len=%ld, have_acc=%ld, top=%ld, acc=%!T",
		                     (long) i, (long) len, (long) have_acc,
		                     (long) duk_get_top(ctx),
		                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, 4)));

		DUK_ASSERT((have_acc && duk_get_top(ctx) == 5) ||
		           (!have_acc && duk_get_top(ctx) == 4));

		if (!duk_has_prop_index(ctx, 2, (duk_uarridx_t) i)) {
			continue;
		}

		if (!have_acc) {
			DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, 4);
			duk_get_prop_index(ctx, 2, (duk_uarridx_t) i);
			have_acc = 1;
			DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, 5);
		} else {
			DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, 5);
			duk_dup(ctx, 0);
			duk_dup(ctx, 4);
			duk_get_prop_index(ctx, 2, (duk_uarridx_t) i);
			duk_push_u32(ctx, i);
			duk_dup(ctx, 2);
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("calling reduce function: func=%!T, prev=%!T, curr=%!T, idx=%!T, obj=%!T",
			                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -5), (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -4),
			                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -3), (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -2),
			                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));
			duk_call(ctx, 4);
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("-> result: %!T", (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));
			duk_replace(ctx, 4);
			DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, 5);
		}
	}

	if (!have_acc) {
		goto type_error;
	}

	DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, 5);
	return 1;

 type_error:
	return DUK_RET_TYPE_ERROR;
}

#undef DUK__ARRAY_MID_JOIN_LIMIT

#undef DUK__ITER_EVERY
#undef DUK__ITER_SOME
#undef DUK__ITER_FOREACH
#undef DUK__ITER_MAP
#undef DUK__ITER_FILTER
/*
 *  Boolean built-ins
 */

/* include removed: duk_internal.h */

/* Shared helper to provide toString() and valueOf().  Checks 'this', gets
 * the primitive value to stack top, and optionally coerces with ToString().
 */
DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_boolean_prototype_tostring_shared(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_tval *tv;
	duk_hobject *h;
	duk_small_int_t coerce_tostring = duk_get_current_magic(ctx);

	/* XXX: there is room to use a shared helper here, many built-ins
	 * check the 'this' type, and if it's an object, check its class,
	 * then get its internal value, etc.
	 */

	duk_push_this(ctx);
	tv = duk_get_tval(ctx, -1);
	DUK_ASSERT(tv != NULL);

	if (DUK_TVAL_IS_BOOLEAN(tv)) {
		goto type_ok;
	} else if (DUK_TVAL_IS_OBJECT(tv)) {
		h = DUK_TVAL_GET_OBJECT(tv);
		DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);

		if (DUK_HOBJECT_GET_CLASS_NUMBER(h) == DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_BOOLEAN) {
			duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, -1, DUK_STRIDX_INT_VALUE);
			DUK_ASSERT(duk_is_boolean(ctx, -1));
			goto type_ok;
		}
	}

	return DUK_RET_TYPE_ERROR;

 type_ok:
	if (coerce_tostring) {
		duk_to_string(ctx, -1);
	}
	return 1;
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_boolean_constructor(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_hobject *h_this;

	DUK_UNREF(thr);

	duk_to_boolean(ctx, 0);

	if (duk_is_constructor_call(ctx)) {
		/* XXX: helper; rely on Boolean.prototype as being non-writable, non-configurable */
		duk_push_this(ctx);
		h_this = duk_get_hobject(ctx, -1);
		DUK_ASSERT(h_this != NULL);
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_GET_PROTOTYPE(thr->heap, h_this) == thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_BOOLEAN_PROTOTYPE]);

		DUK_HOBJECT_SET_CLASS_NUMBER(h_this, DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_BOOLEAN);

		duk_dup(ctx, 0);  /* -> [ val obj val ] */
		duk_xdef_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_INT_VALUE, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_NONE);  /* XXX: proper flags? */
	}  /* unbalanced stack */

	return 1;
}
/*
 *  Duktape.Buffer, Node.js Buffer, and Khronos/ES6 TypedArray built-ins
 */

/* include removed: duk_internal.h */

/*
 *  Misc helpers
 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT)
/* Map DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_ELEM_xxx to duk_hobject class number.
 * Sync with duk_hbufferobject.h and duk_hobject.h.
 */
static const duk_uint8_t duk__buffer_class_from_elemtype[9] = {
	DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_UINT8ARRAY,
	DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_UINT8CLAMPEDARRAY,
	DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_INT8ARRAY,
	DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_UINT16ARRAY,
	DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_INT16ARRAY,
	DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_UINT32ARRAY,
	DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_INT32ARRAY,
	DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_FLOAT32ARRAY,
	DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_FLOAT64ARRAY
};
#endif  /* DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT */

#if defined(DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT)
/* Map DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_ELEM_xxx to prototype object built-in index.
 * Sync with duk_hbufferobject.h.
 */
static const duk_uint8_t duk__buffer_proto_from_elemtype[9] = {
	DUK_BIDX_UINT8ARRAY_PROTOTYPE,
	DUK_BIDX_UINT8CLAMPEDARRAY_PROTOTYPE,
	DUK_BIDX_INT8ARRAY_PROTOTYPE,
	DUK_BIDX_UINT16ARRAY_PROTOTYPE,
	DUK_BIDX_INT16ARRAY_PROTOTYPE,
	DUK_BIDX_UINT32ARRAY_PROTOTYPE,
	DUK_BIDX_INT32ARRAY_PROTOTYPE,
	DUK_BIDX_FLOAT32ARRAY_PROTOTYPE,
	DUK_BIDX_FLOAT64ARRAY_PROTOTYPE
};
#endif  /* DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT */

#if defined(DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT)
/* Map DUK__FLX_xxx to byte size.
 */
static const duk_uint8_t duk__buffer_nbytes_from_fldtype[6] = {
	1,  /* DUK__FLD_8BIT */
	2,  /* DUK__FLD_16BIT */
	4,  /* DUK__FLD_32BIT */
	4,  /* DUK__FLD_FLOAT */
	8,  /* DUK__FLD_DOUBLE */
	0   /* DUK__FLD_VARINT; not relevant here */
};
#endif  /* DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT */

#if defined(DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT)
/* Bitfield for each DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_ELEM_xxx indicating which element types
 * are compatible with a blind byte copy for the TypedArray set() method (also
 * used for TypedArray constructor).  Array index is target buffer elem type,
 * bitfield indicates compatible source types.  The types must have same byte
 * size and they must be coercion compatible.
 */
static duk_uint16_t duk__buffer_elemtype_copy_compatible[9] = {
	/* xxx -> DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_ELEM_UINT8 */
	(1U << DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_ELEM_UINT8) |
		(1U << DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_ELEM_UINT8CLAMPED) |
		(1U << DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_ELEM_INT8),

	/* xxx -> DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_ELEM_UINT8CLAMPED
	 * Note: INT8 is -not- copy compatible, e.g. -1 would coerce to 0x00.
	 */
	(1U << DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_ELEM_UINT8) |
		(1U << DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_ELEM_UINT8CLAMPED),

	/* xxx -> DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_ELEM_INT8 */
	(1U << DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_ELEM_UINT8) |
		(1U << DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_ELEM_UINT8CLAMPED) |
		(1U << DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_ELEM_INT8),

	/* xxx -> DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_ELEM_UINT16 */
	(1U << DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_ELEM_UINT16) |
		(1U << DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_ELEM_INT16),

	/* xxx -> DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_ELEM_INT16 */
	(1U << DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_ELEM_UINT16) |
		(1U << DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_ELEM_INT16),

	/* xxx -> DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_ELEM_UINT32 */
	(1U << DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_ELEM_UINT32) |
		(1U << DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_ELEM_INT32),

	/* xxx -> DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_ELEM_INT32 */
	(1U << DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_ELEM_UINT32) |
		(1U << DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_ELEM_INT32),

	/* xxx -> DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_ELEM_FLOAT32 */
	(1U << DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_ELEM_FLOAT32),

	/* xxx -> DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_ELEM_FLOAT64 */
	(1U << DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_ELEM_FLOAT64)
};
#endif  /* DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT */

#if defined(DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT)
/* Shared helper. */
DUK_LOCAL duk_hbufferobject *duk__getrequire_bufobj_this(duk_context *ctx, duk_bool_t throw_flag) {
	duk_hthread *thr;
	duk_tval *tv;
	duk_hbufferobject *h_this;

	DUK_ASSERT(ctx != NULL);
	thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;

	tv = duk_get_borrowed_this_tval(ctx);
	DUK_ASSERT(tv != NULL);
	if (DUK_TVAL_IS_OBJECT(tv)) {
		h_this = (duk_hbufferobject *) DUK_TVAL_GET_OBJECT(tv);
		DUK_ASSERT(h_this != NULL);
		if (DUK_HOBJECT_IS_BUFFEROBJECT((duk_hobject *) h_this)) {
			DUK_ASSERT_HBUFFEROBJECT_VALID(h_this);
			return h_this;
		}
	}

	if (throw_flag) {
		DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, DUK_STR_NOT_BUFFER);
	}
	return NULL;
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT */

#if defined(DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT)
/* Check that 'this' is a duk_hbufferobject and return a pointer to it. */
DUK_LOCAL duk_hbufferobject *duk__get_bufobj_this(duk_context *ctx) {
	return duk__getrequire_bufobj_this(ctx, 0);
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT */

#if defined(DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT)
/* Check that 'this' is a duk_hbufferobject and return a pointer to it
 * (NULL if not).
 */
DUK_LOCAL duk_hbufferobject *duk__require_bufobj_this(duk_context *ctx) {
	return duk__getrequire_bufobj_this(ctx, 1);
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT */

#if defined(DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT)
/* Check that value is a duk_hbufferobject and return a pointer to it. */
DUK_LOCAL duk_hbufferobject *duk__require_bufobj_value(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
	duk_hthread *thr;
	duk_tval *tv;
	duk_hbufferobject *h_obj;

	thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;

	/* Don't accept relative indices now. */
	DUK_ASSERT(index >= 0);

	tv = duk_require_tval(ctx, index);
	DUK_ASSERT(tv != NULL);
	if (DUK_TVAL_IS_OBJECT(tv)) {
		h_obj = (duk_hbufferobject *) DUK_TVAL_GET_OBJECT(tv);
		DUK_ASSERT(h_obj != NULL);
		if (DUK_HOBJECT_IS_BUFFEROBJECT((duk_hobject *) h_obj)) {
			DUK_ASSERT_HBUFFEROBJECT_VALID(h_obj);
			return h_obj;
		}
	}

	DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, DUK_STR_NOT_BUFFER);
	return NULL;  /* not reachable */
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT */

DUK_LOCAL void duk__set_bufobj_buffer(duk_context *ctx, duk_hbufferobject *h_bufobj, duk_hbuffer *h_val) {
	duk_hthread *thr;

	thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	DUK_UNREF(thr);

	DUK_ASSERT(ctx != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(h_bufobj != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(h_bufobj->buf == NULL);  /* no need to decref */
	DUK_ASSERT(h_val != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT_HBUFFEROBJECT_VALID(h_bufobj);

	h_bufobj->buf = h_val;
	DUK_HBUFFER_INCREF(thr, h_val);
	h_bufobj->length = (duk_uint_t) DUK_HBUFFER_GET_SIZE(h_val);
	DUK_ASSERT(h_bufobj->shift == 0);
	DUK_ASSERT(h_bufobj->elem_type == DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_ELEM_UINT8);

	DUK_ASSERT_HBUFFEROBJECT_VALID(h_bufobj);
}

#if defined(DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT)
DUK_LOCAL duk_hbufferobject *duk__push_arraybuffer_with_length(duk_context *ctx, duk_uint_t len) {
	duk_hbuffer *h_val;
	duk_hbufferobject *h_bufobj;

	(void) duk_push_fixed_buffer(ctx, (duk_size_t) len);
	h_val = (duk_hbuffer *) duk_get_hbuffer(ctx, -1);
	DUK_ASSERT(h_val != NULL);

	h_bufobj = duk_push_bufferobject_raw(ctx,
	                                     DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXTENSIBLE |
	                                     DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_BUFFEROBJECT |
	                                     DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_AS_FLAGS(DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_ARRAYBUFFER),
	                                     DUK_BIDX_ARRAYBUFFER_PROTOTYPE);
	DUK_ASSERT(h_bufobj != NULL);

	duk__set_bufobj_buffer(ctx, h_bufobj, h_val);
	DUK_ASSERT_HBUFFEROBJECT_VALID(h_bufobj);

	return h_bufobj;
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT */

#if defined(DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT)
/* Shared offset/length coercion helper. */
DUK_LOCAL void duk__resolve_offset_opt_length(duk_context *ctx,
                                              duk_hbufferobject *h_bufarg,
                                              duk_idx_t idx_offset,
                                              duk_idx_t idx_length,
                                              duk_uint_t *out_offset,
                                              duk_uint_t *out_length,
                                              duk_bool_t throw_flag) {
	duk_hthread *thr;
	duk_int_t offset_signed;
	duk_int_t length_signed;
	duk_uint_t offset;
	duk_uint_t length;

	thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	DUK_UNREF(thr);

	offset_signed = duk_to_int(ctx, idx_offset);
	if (offset_signed < 0) {
		goto fail_range;
	}
	offset = (duk_uint_t) offset_signed;
	if (offset > h_bufarg->length) {
		goto fail_range;
	}
	DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(offset >= 0);  /* unsigned */
	DUK_ASSERT(offset <= h_bufarg->length);

	if (duk_is_undefined(ctx, idx_length)) {
		DUK_ASSERT(h_bufarg->length >= offset);
		length = h_bufarg->length - offset;  /* >= 0 */
	} else {
		length_signed = duk_to_int(ctx, idx_length);
		if (length_signed < 0) {
			goto fail_range;
		}
		length = (duk_uint_t) length_signed;
		DUK_ASSERT(h_bufarg->length >= offset);
		if (length > h_bufarg->length - offset) {
			/* Unlike for negative arguments, some call sites
			 * want length to be clamped if it's positive.
			 */
			if (throw_flag) {
				goto fail_range;
			} else {
				length = h_bufarg->length - offset;
			}
		}
	}
	DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(length >= 0);  /* unsigned */
	DUK_ASSERT(offset + length <= h_bufarg->length);

	*out_offset = offset;
	*out_length = length;
	return;

 fail_range:
	DUK_ERROR_RANGE(thr, DUK_STR_INVALID_CALL_ARGS);
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT */

#if defined(DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT)
/* Shared lenient buffer length clamping helper.  No negative indices, no
 * element/byte shifting.
 */
DUK_LOCAL void duk__clamp_startend_nonegidx_noshift(duk_context *ctx,
                                                    duk_hbufferobject *h_bufobj,
                                                    duk_idx_t idx_start,
                                                    duk_idx_t idx_end,
                                                    duk_int_t *out_start_offset,
                                                    duk_int_t *out_end_offset) {
	duk_int_t buffer_length;
	duk_int_t start_offset;
	duk_int_t end_offset;

	DUK_ASSERT(out_start_offset != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(out_end_offset != NULL);

	buffer_length = (duk_int_t) h_bufobj->length;

	/* undefined coerces to zero which is correct */
	start_offset = duk_to_int_clamped(ctx, idx_start, 0, buffer_length);
	if (duk_is_undefined(ctx, idx_end)) {
		end_offset = buffer_length;
	} else {
		end_offset = duk_to_int_clamped(ctx, idx_end, start_offset, buffer_length);
	}

	DUK_ASSERT(start_offset >= 0);
	DUK_ASSERT(start_offset <= buffer_length);
	DUK_ASSERT(end_offset >= 0);
	DUK_ASSERT(end_offset <= buffer_length);
	DUK_ASSERT(start_offset <= end_offset);

	*out_start_offset = start_offset;
	*out_end_offset = end_offset;
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT */

#if defined(DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT)
/* Shared lenient buffer length clamping helper.  Indices are treated as
 * element indices (though output values are byte offsets) which only
 * really matters for TypedArray views as other buffer object have a zero
 * shift.  Negative indices are counted from end of input slice; crossed
 * indices are clamped to zero length; and final indices are clamped
 * against input slice.  Used for e.g. ArrayBuffer slice().
 */
DUK_LOCAL void duk__clamp_startend_negidx_shifted(duk_context *ctx,
                                                  duk_hbufferobject *h_bufobj,
                                                  duk_idx_t idx_start,
                                                  duk_idx_t idx_end,
                                                  duk_int_t *out_start_offset,
                                                  duk_int_t *out_end_offset) {
	duk_int_t buffer_length;
	duk_int_t start_offset;
	duk_int_t end_offset;

	DUK_ASSERT(out_start_offset != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(out_end_offset != NULL);

	buffer_length = (duk_int_t) h_bufobj->length;
	buffer_length >>= h_bufobj->shift;  /* as elements */

	/* Resolve start/end offset as element indices first; arguments
	 * at idx_start/idx_end are element offsets.  Working with element
	 * indices first also avoids potential for wrapping.
	 */

	start_offset = duk_to_int(ctx, idx_start);
	if (start_offset < 0) {
		start_offset = buffer_length + start_offset;
	}
	if (duk_is_undefined(ctx, idx_end)) {
		end_offset = buffer_length;
	} else {
		end_offset = duk_to_int(ctx, idx_end);
		if (end_offset < 0) {
			end_offset = buffer_length + end_offset;
		}
	}
	/* Note: start_offset/end_offset can still be < 0 here. */

	if (start_offset < 0) {
		start_offset = 0;
	} else if (start_offset > buffer_length) {
		start_offset = buffer_length;
	}
	if (end_offset < start_offset) {
		end_offset = start_offset;
	} else if (end_offset > buffer_length) {
		end_offset = buffer_length;
	}
	DUK_ASSERT(start_offset >= 0);
	DUK_ASSERT(start_offset <= buffer_length);
	DUK_ASSERT(end_offset >= 0);
	DUK_ASSERT(end_offset <= buffer_length);
	DUK_ASSERT(start_offset <= end_offset);

	/* Convert indices to byte offsets. */
	start_offset <<= h_bufobj->shift;
	end_offset <<= h_bufobj->shift;

	*out_start_offset = start_offset;
	*out_end_offset = end_offset;
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT */

/*
 *  Indexed read/write helpers (also used from outside this file)
 */

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_hbufferobject_push_validated_read(duk_context *ctx, duk_hbufferobject *h_bufobj, duk_uint8_t *p, duk_small_uint_t elem_size) {
	duk_double_union du;

	DUK_MEMCPY((void *) du.uc, (const void *) p, (size_t) elem_size);

	switch (h_bufobj->elem_type) {
	case DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_ELEM_UINT8:
#if defined(DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT)
	case DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_ELEM_UINT8CLAMPED:
#endif
		duk_push_uint(ctx, (duk_uint_t) du.uc[0]);
		break;
#if defined(DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT)
	/* These are not needed when only Duktape.Buffer is supported. */
	case DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_ELEM_INT8:
		duk_push_int(ctx, (duk_int_t) (duk_int8_t) du.uc[0]);
		break;
	case DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_ELEM_UINT16:
		duk_push_uint(ctx, (duk_uint_t) du.us[0]);
		break;
	case DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_ELEM_INT16:
		duk_push_int(ctx, (duk_int_t) (duk_int16_t) du.us[0]);
		break;
	case DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_ELEM_UINT32:
		duk_push_uint(ctx, (duk_uint_t) du.ui[0]);
		break;
	case DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_ELEM_INT32:
		duk_push_int(ctx, (duk_int_t) (duk_int32_t) du.ui[0]);
		break;
	case DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_ELEM_FLOAT32:
		duk_push_number(ctx, (duk_double_t) du.f[0]);
		break;
	case DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_ELEM_FLOAT64:
		duk_push_number(ctx, (duk_double_t) du.d);
		break;
#endif  /* DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT */
	default:
		DUK_UNREACHABLE();
	}
}

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_hbufferobject_validated_write(duk_context *ctx, duk_hbufferobject *h_bufobj, duk_uint8_t *p, duk_small_uint_t elem_size) {
	duk_double_union du;

	/* NOTE! Caller must ensure that any side effects from the
	 * coercions below are safe.  If that cannot be guaranteed
	 * (which is normally the case), caller must coerce the
	 * argument using duk_to_number() before any pointer
	 * validations; the result of duk_to_number() always coerces
	 * without side effects here.
	 */

	switch (h_bufobj->elem_type) {
	case DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_ELEM_UINT8:
		du.uc[0] = (duk_uint8_t) duk_to_uint32(ctx, -1);
		break;
#if defined(DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT)
	/* These are not needed when only Duktape.Buffer is supported. */
	case DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_ELEM_UINT8CLAMPED:
		du.uc[0] = (duk_uint8_t) duk_to_uint8clamped(ctx, -1);
		break;
	case DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_ELEM_INT8:
		du.uc[0] = (duk_uint8_t) duk_to_int32(ctx, -1);
		break;
	case DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_ELEM_UINT16:
		du.us[0] = (duk_uint16_t) duk_to_uint32(ctx, -1);
		break;
	case DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_ELEM_INT16:
		du.us[0] = (duk_uint16_t) duk_to_int32(ctx, -1);
		break;
	case DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_ELEM_UINT32:
		du.ui[0] = (duk_uint32_t) duk_to_uint32(ctx, -1);
		break;
	case DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_ELEM_INT32:
		du.ui[0] = (duk_uint32_t) duk_to_int32(ctx, -1);
		break;
	case DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_ELEM_FLOAT32:
		du.f[0] = (duk_float_t) duk_to_number(ctx, -1);
		break;
	case DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_ELEM_FLOAT64:
		du.d = (duk_double_t) duk_to_number(ctx, -1);
		break;
#endif  /* DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT */
	default:
		DUK_UNREACHABLE();
	}

	DUK_MEMCPY((void *) p, (const void *) du.uc, (size_t) elem_size);
}

/*
 *  Duktape.Buffer: constructor
 */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_buffer_constructor(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hthread *thr;
	duk_size_t buf_size;
	duk_small_int_t buf_dynamic;
	duk_uint8_t *buf_data;
	const duk_uint8_t *src_data;

	thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	DUK_UNREF(thr);

	/*
	 *  Constructor arguments are currently somewhat compatible with
	 *  (keep it that way if possible):
	 *
	 *    http://nodejs.org/api/buffer.html
	 *
	 *  Note that the ToBuffer() coercion (duk_to_buffer()) does NOT match
	 *  the constructor behavior.
	 */

	buf_dynamic = duk_get_boolean(ctx, 1);  /* default to false */

	switch (duk_get_type(ctx, 0)) {
	case DUK_TYPE_NUMBER: {
		/* new buffer of specified size */
		buf_size = (duk_size_t) duk_to_int(ctx, 0);
		(void) duk_push_buffer(ctx, buf_size, buf_dynamic);
		break;
	}
	case DUK_TYPE_BUFFER: {
		/* return input buffer, converted to a Duktape.Buffer object
		 * if called as a constructor (no change if called as a
		 * function).
		 */
		duk_set_top(ctx, 1);
		break;
	}
	case DUK_TYPE_STRING: {
		/* new buffer with string contents */
		src_data = (const duk_uint8_t *) duk_get_lstring(ctx, 0, &buf_size);
		DUK_ASSERT(src_data != NULL);  /* even for zero-length string */
		buf_data = (duk_uint8_t *) duk_push_buffer(ctx, buf_size, buf_dynamic);
		DUK_MEMCPY((void *) buf_data, (const void *) src_data, (size_t) buf_size);
		break;
	}
	case DUK_TYPE_OBJECT: {
		/* For all duk_hbufferobjects, get the plain buffer inside
		 * without making a copy.  This is compatible with Duktape 1.2
		 * but means that a slice/view information is ignored and the
		 * full underlying buffer is returned.
		 *
		 * If called as a constructor, a new Duktape.Buffer object
		 * pointing to the same plain buffer is created below.
		 */
		duk_hbufferobject *h_bufobj;
		h_bufobj = (duk_hbufferobject *) duk_get_hobject(ctx, 0);
		DUK_ASSERT(h_bufobj != NULL);
		if (!DUK_HOBJECT_IS_BUFFEROBJECT((duk_hobject *) h_bufobj)) {
			return DUK_RET_TYPE_ERROR;
		}
		if (h_bufobj->buf == NULL) {
			return DUK_RET_TYPE_ERROR;
		}
		duk_push_hbuffer(ctx, h_bufobj->buf);
		break;
	}
	case DUK_TYPE_NONE:
	default: {
		return DUK_RET_TYPE_ERROR;
	}
	}
	DUK_ASSERT(duk_is_buffer(ctx, -1));

	/* stack is unbalanced, but: [ <something> buf ] */

	if (duk_is_constructor_call(ctx)) {
		duk_hbufferobject *h_bufobj;
		duk_hbuffer *h_val;

		h_val = duk_get_hbuffer(ctx, -1);
		DUK_ASSERT(h_val != NULL);

		h_bufobj = duk_push_bufferobject_raw(ctx,
		                                     DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXTENSIBLE |
		                                     DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_BUFFEROBJECT |
		                                     DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_AS_FLAGS(DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_BUFFER),
		                                     DUK_BIDX_BUFFER_PROTOTYPE);
		DUK_ASSERT(h_bufobj != NULL);

		duk__set_bufobj_buffer(ctx, h_bufobj, h_val);

		DUK_ASSERT_HBUFFEROBJECT_VALID(h_bufobj);
	}
	/* Note: unbalanced stack on purpose */

	return 1;
}

/*
 *  Node.js Buffer: constructor
 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT)
DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_nodejs_buffer_constructor(duk_context *ctx) {
	/* Internal class is Object: Object.prototype.toString.call(new Buffer(0))
	 * prints "[object Object]".
	 */
	duk_int_t len;
	duk_int_t i;
	duk_hbuffer *h_buf;
	duk_hbufferobject *h_bufobj;
	duk_size_t buf_size;

	switch (duk_get_type(ctx, 0)) {
	case DUK_TYPE_BUFFER: {
		/* Custom behavior: plain buffer is used as internal buffer
		 * without making a copy (matches Duktape.Buffer).
		 */
		duk_set_top(ctx, 1);  /* -> [ buffer ] */
		break;
	}
	case DUK_TYPE_NUMBER: {
		len = duk_to_int_clamped(ctx, 0, 0, DUK_INT_MAX);
		(void) duk_push_fixed_buffer(ctx, (duk_size_t) len);
		break;
	}
	case DUK_TYPE_OBJECT: {
		duk_uint8_t *buf;

		(void) duk_get_prop_string(ctx, 0, "length");
		len = duk_to_int_clamped(ctx, -1, 0, DUK_INT_MAX);
		duk_pop(ctx);
		buf = (duk_uint8_t *) duk_push_fixed_buffer(ctx, (duk_size_t) len);
		for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
			/* XXX: fast path for array arguments? */
			duk_get_prop_index(ctx, 0, (duk_uarridx_t) i);
			buf[i] = (duk_uint8_t) (duk_to_uint32(ctx, -1) & 0xffU);
			duk_pop(ctx);
		}
		break;
	}
	case DUK_TYPE_STRING: {
		/* ignore encoding for now */
		duk_dup(ctx, 0);
		(void) duk_to_buffer(ctx, -1, &buf_size);
		break;
	}
	default:
		return DUK_RET_TYPE_ERROR;
	}

	DUK_ASSERT(duk_is_buffer(ctx, -1));
	h_buf = duk_get_hbuffer(ctx, -1);
	DUK_ASSERT(h_buf != NULL);

	h_bufobj = duk_push_bufferobject_raw(ctx,
	                                     DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXTENSIBLE |
	                                     DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_BUFFEROBJECT |
	                                     DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_AS_FLAGS(DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_BUFFER),
	                                     DUK_BIDX_NODEJS_BUFFER_PROTOTYPE);
	DUK_ASSERT(h_bufobj != NULL);

	h_bufobj->buf = h_buf;
	DUK_HBUFFER_INCREF(thr, h_buf);
	DUK_ASSERT(h_bufobj->offset == 0);
	h_bufobj->length = (duk_int_t) DUK_HBUFFER_GET_SIZE(h_buf);
	DUK_ASSERT(h_bufobj->elem_type == DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_ELEM_UINT8);

	DUK_ASSERT_HBUFFEROBJECT_VALID(h_bufobj);

	return 1;
}
#else  /* DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT */
DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_nodejs_buffer_constructor(duk_context *ctx) {
	DUK_UNREF(ctx);
	return DUK_RET_UNSUPPORTED_ERROR;
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT */

/*
 *  ArrayBuffer, DataView, and TypedArray constructors
 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT)
DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_arraybuffer_constructor(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hthread *thr;
	duk_hbufferobject *h_bufobj;
	duk_hbuffer *h_val;

	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	DUK_UNREF(thr);

	/* XXX: function flag to make this automatic? */
	if (!duk_is_constructor_call(ctx)) {
		return DUK_RET_TYPE_ERROR;
	}

	if (duk_is_buffer(ctx, 0)) {
		/* Custom behavior: plain buffer is used as internal buffer
		 * without making a copy (matches Duktape.Buffer).
		 */

		h_val = duk_get_hbuffer(ctx, 0);
		DUK_ASSERT(h_val != NULL);

		/* XXX: accept any duk_hbufferobject type as an input also? */
	} else {
		duk_int_t len;
		len = duk_to_int(ctx, 0);
		if (len < 0) {
			goto fail_length;
		}
		(void) duk_push_fixed_buffer(ctx, (duk_size_t) len);
		h_val = (duk_hbuffer *) duk_get_hbuffer(ctx, -1);
		DUK_ASSERT(h_val != NULL);

#if !defined(DUK_USE_ZERO_BUFFER_DATA)
		/* Khronos/ES6 requires zeroing even when DUK_USE_ZERO_BUFFER_DATA
		 * is not set.
		 */
		DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HBUFFER_HAS_DYNAMIC((duk_hbuffer *) h_val));
		DUK_MEMZERO((void *) DUK_HBUFFER_FIXED_GET_DATA_PTR(thr->heap, h_val), (duk_size_t) len);
#endif
	}

	h_bufobj = duk_push_bufferobject_raw(ctx,
	                                     DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXTENSIBLE |
	                                     DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_BUFFEROBJECT |
	                                     DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_AS_FLAGS(DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_ARRAYBUFFER),
	                                     DUK_BIDX_ARRAYBUFFER_PROTOTYPE);
	DUK_ASSERT(h_bufobj != NULL);

	duk__set_bufobj_buffer(ctx, h_bufobj, h_val);
	DUK_ASSERT_HBUFFEROBJECT_VALID(h_bufobj);

	return 1;

 fail_length:
	return DUK_RET_RANGE_ERROR;
}
#else  /* DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT */
DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_arraybuffer_constructor(duk_context *ctx) {
	DUK_UNREF(ctx);
	return DUK_RET_UNSUPPORTED_ERROR;
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT */


/* Format of magic, bits:
 *   0...1: elem size shift (0-3)
 *   2...5: elem type (DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_ELEM_xxx)
 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT)
DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_typedarray_constructor(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hthread *thr;
	duk_tval *tv;
	duk_hobject *h_obj;
	duk_hbufferobject *h_bufobj = NULL;
	duk_hbufferobject *h_bufarr = NULL;
	duk_hbufferobject *h_bufarg = NULL;
	duk_hbuffer *h_val;
	duk_small_uint_t magic;
	duk_small_uint_t shift;
	duk_small_uint_t elem_type;
	duk_small_uint_t elem_size;
	duk_small_uint_t class_num;
	duk_small_uint_t proto_bidx;
	duk_uint_t align_mask;
	duk_uint_t elem_length;
	duk_int_t elem_length_signed;
	duk_uint_t byte_length;
	duk_small_uint_t copy_mode;

	thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	DUK_UNREF(thr);

	/* XXX: function flag to make this automatic? */
	if (!duk_is_constructor_call(ctx)) {
		return DUK_RET_TYPE_ERROR;
	}

	/* We could fit built-in index into magic but that'd make the magic
	 * number dependent on built-in numbering (genbuiltins.py doesn't
	 * handle that yet).  So map both class and prototype from the
	 * element type.
	 */
	magic = duk_get_current_magic(ctx);
	shift = magic & 0x03;               /* bits 0...1: shift */
	elem_type = (magic >> 2) & 0x0f;    /* bits 2...5: type */
	elem_size = 1 << shift;
	align_mask = elem_size - 1;
	DUK_ASSERT(elem_type < sizeof(duk__buffer_proto_from_elemtype) / sizeof(duk_uint8_t));
	proto_bidx = duk__buffer_proto_from_elemtype[elem_type];
	DUK_ASSERT(proto_bidx < DUK_NUM_BUILTINS);
	DUK_ASSERT(elem_type < sizeof(duk__buffer_class_from_elemtype) / sizeof(duk_uint8_t));
	class_num = duk__buffer_class_from_elemtype[elem_type];

	DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("typedarray constructor, magic=%d, shift=%d, elem_type=%d, "
	                   "elem_size=%d, proto_bidx=%d, class_num=%d",
	                   (int) magic, (int) shift, (int) elem_type, (int) elem_size,
	                   (int) proto_bidx, (int) class_num));

	/* Argument variants.  When the argument is an ArrayBuffer a view to
	 * the same buffer is created; otherwise a new ArrayBuffer is always
	 * created.
	 */

	tv = duk_get_tval(ctx, 0);
	DUK_ASSERT(tv != NULL);  /* arg count */
	if (DUK_TVAL_IS_OBJECT(tv)) {
		h_obj = DUK_TVAL_GET_OBJECT(tv);
		DUK_ASSERT(h_obj != NULL);

		if (DUK_HOBJECT_GET_CLASS_NUMBER(h_obj) == DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_ARRAYBUFFER) {
			/* ArrayBuffer: unlike any other argument variant, create
			 * a view into the existing buffer.
			 */

			duk_int_t byte_offset_signed;
			duk_uint_t byte_offset;

			h_bufarg = (duk_hbufferobject *) h_obj;

			byte_offset_signed = duk_to_int(ctx, 1);
			if (byte_offset_signed < 0) {
				goto fail_arguments;
			}
			byte_offset = (duk_uint_t) byte_offset_signed;
			if (byte_offset > h_bufarg->length ||
			    (byte_offset & align_mask) != 0) {
				/* Must be >= 0 and multiple of element size. */
				goto fail_arguments;
			}
			if (duk_is_undefined(ctx, 2)) {
				DUK_ASSERT(h_bufarg->length >= byte_offset);
				byte_length = h_bufarg->length - byte_offset;
				if ((byte_length & align_mask) != 0) {
					/* Must be element size multiple from
					 * start offset to end of buffer.
					 */
					goto fail_arguments;
				}
				elem_length = (byte_length >> shift);
			} else {
				elem_length_signed = duk_to_int(ctx, 2);
				if (elem_length_signed < 0) {
					goto fail_arguments;
				}
				elem_length = (duk_uint_t) elem_length_signed;
				byte_length = elem_length << shift;
				if ((byte_length >> shift) != elem_length) {
					/* Byte length would overflow. */
					/* XXX: easier check with less code? */
					goto fail_arguments;
				}
				DUK_ASSERT(h_bufarg->length >= byte_offset);
				if (byte_length > h_bufarg->length - byte_offset) {
					/* Not enough data. */
					goto fail_arguments;
				}
			}
			DUK_UNREF(elem_length);
			DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(byte_offset >= 0);
			DUK_ASSERT(byte_offset <= h_bufarg->length);
			DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(byte_length >= 0);
			DUK_ASSERT(byte_offset + byte_length <= h_bufarg->length);
			DUK_ASSERT((elem_length << shift) == byte_length);

			h_bufobj = duk_push_bufferobject_raw(ctx,
			                                     DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXTENSIBLE |
			                                     DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_BUFFEROBJECT |
			                                     DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_AS_FLAGS(class_num),
			                                     proto_bidx);
			h_val = h_bufarg->buf;
			if (h_val == NULL) {
				return DUK_RET_TYPE_ERROR;
			}
			h_bufobj->buf = h_val;
			DUK_HBUFFER_INCREF(thr, h_val);
			h_bufobj->offset = h_bufarg->offset + byte_offset;
			h_bufobj->length = byte_length;
			h_bufobj->shift = (duk_uint8_t) shift;
			h_bufobj->elem_type = (duk_uint8_t) elem_type;
			h_bufobj->is_view = 1;
			DUK_ASSERT_HBUFFEROBJECT_VALID(h_bufobj);

			/* Set .buffer to the argument ArrayBuffer. */
			duk_dup(ctx, 0);
			duk_xdef_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_LC_BUFFER, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_NONE);
			duk_compact(ctx, -1);
			return 1;
		} else if (DUK_HOBJECT_IS_BUFFEROBJECT(h_obj)) {
			/* TypedArray (or other non-ArrayBuffer duk_hbufferobject).
			 * Conceptually same behavior as for an Array-like argument,
			 * with a few fast paths.
			 */

			h_bufarg = (duk_hbufferobject *) h_obj;
			DUK_ASSERT_HBUFFEROBJECT_VALID(h_bufarg);
			elem_length_signed = (duk_int_t) (h_bufarg->length >> h_bufarg->shift);
			if (h_bufarg->buf == NULL) {
				return DUK_RET_TYPE_ERROR;
			}

			/* Select copy mode.  Must take into account element
			 * compatibility and validity of the underlying source
			 * buffer.
			 */

			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("selecting copy mode for bufobj arg, "
			                     "src byte_length=%ld, src shift=%d, "
			                     "src/dst elem_length=%ld; "
			                     "dst shift=%d -> dst byte_length=%ld",
			                     (long) h_bufarg->length, (int) h_bufarg->shift,
			                     (long) elem_length_signed, (int) shift,
			                     (long) (elem_length_signed << shift)));

			copy_mode = 2;  /* default is explicit index read/write copy */
			DUK_ASSERT(elem_type < sizeof(duk__buffer_elemtype_copy_compatible) / sizeof(duk_uint16_t));
			if (DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_VALID_SLICE(h_bufarg)) {
				if ((duk__buffer_elemtype_copy_compatible[elem_type] & (1 << h_bufarg->elem_type)) != 0) {
					DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("source/target are copy compatible, memcpy"));
					DUK_ASSERT(shift == h_bufarg->shift);  /* byte sizes will match */
					copy_mode = 0;
				} else {
					DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("source/target not copy compatible but valid, fast copy"));
					copy_mode = 1;
				}
			}
		} else {
			/* Array or Array-like */
			elem_length_signed = (duk_int_t) duk_get_length(ctx, 0);
			copy_mode = 2;
		}
	} else if (DUK_TVAL_IS_BUFFER(tv)) {
		/* Accept plain buffer values like array initializers
		 * (new in Duktape 1.4.0).
		 */
		duk_hbuffer *h_srcbuf;
		h_srcbuf = DUK_TVAL_GET_BUFFER(tv);
		elem_length_signed = (duk_int_t) DUK_HBUFFER_GET_SIZE(h_srcbuf);
		copy_mode = 2;  /* XXX: could add fast path for u8 compatible views */
	} else {
		/* Non-object argument is simply int coerced, matches
		 * V8 behavior (except for "null", which we coerce to
		 * 0 but V8 TypeErrors).
		 */
		elem_length_signed = duk_to_int(ctx, 0);
		copy_mode = 3;
	}
	if (elem_length_signed < 0) {
		goto fail_arguments;
	}
	elem_length = (duk_uint_t) elem_length_signed;
	byte_length = (duk_uint_t) (elem_length << shift);
	if ((byte_length >> shift) != elem_length) {
		/* Byte length would overflow. */
		/* XXX: easier check with less code? */
		goto fail_arguments;
	}

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("elem_length=%ld, byte_length=%ld",
	                     (long) elem_length, (long) byte_length));

	/* ArrayBuffer argument is handled specially above; the rest of the
	 * argument variants are handled by shared code below.
	 */

	/* Push a new ArrayBuffer (becomes view .buffer) */
	h_bufarr = duk__push_arraybuffer_with_length(ctx, byte_length);
	DUK_ASSERT(h_bufarr != NULL);
	h_val = h_bufarr->buf;
	DUK_ASSERT(h_val != NULL);

	/* Push the resulting view object and attach the ArrayBuffer. */
	h_bufobj = duk_push_bufferobject_raw(ctx,
	                                     DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXTENSIBLE |
	                                     DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_BUFFEROBJECT |
	                                     DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_AS_FLAGS(class_num),
	                                     proto_bidx);

	h_bufobj->buf = h_val;
	DUK_HBUFFER_INCREF(thr, h_val);
	DUK_ASSERT(h_bufobj->offset == 0);
	h_bufobj->length = byte_length;
	h_bufobj->shift = (duk_uint8_t) shift;
	h_bufobj->elem_type = (duk_uint8_t) elem_type;
	h_bufobj->is_view = 1;
	DUK_ASSERT_HBUFFEROBJECT_VALID(h_bufobj);

	/* Set .buffer */
	duk_dup(ctx, -2);
	duk_xdef_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_LC_BUFFER, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_NONE);
	duk_compact(ctx, -1);

	/* Copy values, the copy method depends on the arguments.
	 *
	 * Copy mode decision may depend on the validity of the underlying
	 * buffer of the source argument; there must be no harmful side effects
	 * from there to here for copy_mode to still be valid.
	 */
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("copy mode: %d", (int) copy_mode));
	switch (copy_mode) {
	case 0: {
		/* Use byte copy. */

		duk_uint8_t *p_src;
		duk_uint8_t *p_dst;

		DUK_ASSERT(h_bufobj != NULL);
		DUK_ASSERT(h_bufobj->buf != NULL);
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_VALID_SLICE(h_bufobj));
		DUK_ASSERT(h_bufarg != NULL);
		DUK_ASSERT(h_bufarg->buf != NULL);
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_VALID_SLICE(h_bufarg));

		p_dst = DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_GET_SLICE_BASE(thr->heap, h_bufobj);
		p_src = DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_GET_SLICE_BASE(thr->heap, h_bufarg);

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("using memcpy: p_src=%p, p_dst=%p, byte_length=%ld",
		                     (void *) p_src, (void *) p_dst, (long) byte_length));

		DUK_MEMCPY((void *) p_dst, (const void *) p_src, (size_t) byte_length);
		break;
	}
	case 1: {
		/* Copy values through direct validated reads and writes. */

		duk_small_uint_t src_elem_size;
		duk_small_uint_t dst_elem_size;
		duk_uint8_t *p_src;
		duk_uint8_t *p_src_end;
		duk_uint8_t *p_dst;

		DUK_ASSERT(h_bufobj != NULL);
		DUK_ASSERT(h_bufobj->buf != NULL);
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_VALID_SLICE(h_bufobj));
		DUK_ASSERT(h_bufarg != NULL);
		DUK_ASSERT(h_bufarg->buf != NULL);
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_VALID_SLICE(h_bufarg));

		src_elem_size = 1 << h_bufarg->shift;
		dst_elem_size = elem_size;

		p_src = DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_GET_SLICE_BASE(thr->heap, h_bufarg);
		p_dst = DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_GET_SLICE_BASE(thr->heap, h_bufobj);
		p_src_end = p_src + h_bufarg->length;

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("using fast copy: p_src=%p, p_src_end=%p, p_dst=%p, "
		                     "src_elem_size=%d, dst_elem_size=%d",
		                     (void *) p_src, (void *) p_src_end, (void *) p_dst,
		                     (int) src_elem_size, (int) dst_elem_size));

		while (p_src != p_src_end) {
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("fast path per element copy loop: "
			                     "p_src=%p, p_src_end=%p, p_dst=%p",
			                     (void *) p_src, (void *) p_src_end, (void *) p_dst));
			/* A validated read() is always a number, so it's write coercion
			 * is always side effect free an won't invalidate pointers etc.
			 */
			duk_hbufferobject_push_validated_read(ctx, h_bufarg, p_src, src_elem_size);
			duk_hbufferobject_validated_write(ctx, h_bufobj, p_dst, dst_elem_size);
			duk_pop(ctx);
			p_src += src_elem_size;
			p_dst += dst_elem_size;
		}
		break;
	}
	case 2: {
		/* Copy values by index reads and writes.  Let virtual
		 * property handling take care of coercion.
		 */
		duk_uint_t i;

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("using slow copy"));

		for (i = 0; i < elem_length; i++) {
			duk_get_prop_index(ctx, 0, (duk_uarridx_t) i);
			duk_put_prop_index(ctx, -2, (duk_uarridx_t) i);
		}
		break;
	}
	default:
	case 3: {
		/* No copy, leave zero bytes in the buffer.  There's no
		 * ambiguity with Float32/Float64 because zero bytes also
		 * represent 0.0.
		 */
#if !defined(DUK_USE_ZERO_BUFFER_DATA)
		/* Khronos/ES6 requires zeroing even when DUK_USE_ZERO_BUFFER_DATA
		 * is not set.
		 */
		DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HBUFFER_HAS_DYNAMIC((duk_hbuffer *) h_val));
		DUK_MEMZERO((void *) DUK_HBUFFER_FIXED_GET_DATA_PTR(thr->heap, h_val), (duk_size_t) byte_length);
#endif

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("using no copy"));
		break;
	}
	}

	return 1;

 fail_arguments:
	return DUK_RET_RANGE_ERROR;
}
#else  /* DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT */
DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_typedarray_constructor(duk_context *ctx) {
	DUK_UNREF(ctx);
	return DUK_RET_UNSUPPORTED_ERROR;
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT */

#if defined(DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT)
DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_dataview_constructor(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hbufferobject *h_bufarg;
	duk_hbufferobject *h_bufobj;
	duk_hbuffer *h_val;
	duk_uint_t offset;
	duk_uint_t length;

	/* XXX: function flag to make this automatic? */
	if (!duk_is_constructor_call(ctx)) {
		return DUK_RET_TYPE_ERROR;
	}

	h_bufarg = duk__require_bufobj_value(ctx, 0);
	DUK_ASSERT(h_bufarg != NULL);

	duk__resolve_offset_opt_length(ctx, h_bufarg, 1, 2, &offset, &length, 1 /*throw_flag*/);
	DUK_ASSERT(offset <= h_bufarg->length);
	DUK_ASSERT(offset + length <= h_bufarg->length);

	h_bufobj = duk_push_bufferobject_raw(ctx,
	                                     DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXTENSIBLE |
	                                     DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_BUFFEROBJECT |
	                                     DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_AS_FLAGS(DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_DATAVIEW),
	                                     DUK_BIDX_DATAVIEW_PROTOTYPE);

	h_val = h_bufarg->buf;
	if (h_val == NULL) {
		return DUK_RET_TYPE_ERROR;
	}
	h_bufobj->buf = h_val;
	DUK_HBUFFER_INCREF(thr, h_val);
	h_bufobj->offset = h_bufarg->offset + offset;
	h_bufobj->length = length;
	DUK_ASSERT(h_bufobj->shift == 0);
	DUK_ASSERT(h_bufobj->elem_type == DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_ELEM_UINT8);
	h_bufobj->is_view = 1;

	/* The DataView .buffer property is ordinarily set to the argument
	 * which is an ArrayBuffer.  We accept any duk_hbufferobject as
	 * an argument and .buffer will be set to the argument regardless
	 * of what it is.  This may be a bit confusing if the argument
	 * is e.g. a DataView or another TypedArray view.
	 *
	 * XXX: Copy .buffer property from a DataView/TypedArray argument?
	 * Create a fresh ArrayBuffer for Duktape.Buffer and Node.js Buffer
	 * arguments?  See: test-bug-dataview-buffer-prop.js.
	 */

	duk_dup(ctx, 0);
	duk_xdef_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_LC_BUFFER, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_NONE);
	duk_compact(ctx, -1);

	DUK_ASSERT_HBUFFEROBJECT_VALID(h_bufobj);
	return 1;
}
#else  /* DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT */
DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_dataview_constructor(duk_context *ctx) {
	DUK_UNREF(ctx);
	return DUK_RET_UNSUPPORTED_ERROR;
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT */

/*
 *  ArrayBuffer.isView()
 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT)
DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_arraybuffer_isview(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hobject *h_obj;
	duk_bool_t ret = 0;

	h_obj = duk_get_hobject(ctx, 0);
	if (h_obj != NULL && DUK_HOBJECT_IS_BUFFEROBJECT(h_obj)) {
		ret = ((duk_hbufferobject *) h_obj)->is_view;
	}
	duk_push_boolean(ctx, ret);
	return 1;
}
#else  /* DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT */
DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_arraybuffer_isview(duk_context *ctx) {
	DUK_UNREF(ctx);
	return DUK_RET_UNSUPPORTED_ERROR;
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT */

/*
 *  Node.js Buffer: toString([encoding], [start], [end])
 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT)
DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_nodejs_buffer_tostring(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hthread *thr;
	duk_hbufferobject *h_this;
	duk_int_t start_offset, end_offset;
	duk_uint8_t *buf_slice;
	duk_size_t slice_length;

	thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	DUK_UNREF(thr);

	h_this = duk__get_bufobj_this(ctx);
	if (h_this == NULL) {
		/* XXX: happens e.g. when evaluating: String(Buffer.prototype). */
		duk_push_string(ctx, "[object Object]");
		return 1;
	}
	DUK_ASSERT_HBUFFEROBJECT_VALID(h_this);

	/* ignore encoding for now */

	duk__clamp_startend_nonegidx_noshift(ctx, h_this, 1 /*idx_start*/, 2 /*idx_end*/, &start_offset, &end_offset);

	slice_length = (duk_size_t) (end_offset - start_offset);
	buf_slice = (duk_uint8_t *) duk_push_fixed_buffer(ctx, slice_length);
	DUK_ASSERT(buf_slice != NULL);

	if (h_this->buf == NULL) {
		goto type_error;
	}

	if (DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_VALID_BYTEOFFSET_EXCL(h_this, start_offset + slice_length)) {
		DUK_MEMCPY((void *) buf_slice,
		           (const void *) (DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_GET_SLICE_BASE(thr->heap, h_this) + start_offset),
		           (size_t) slice_length);
	} else {
		/* not covered, return all zeroes */
		;
	}

	duk_to_string(ctx, -1);
	return 1;

 type_error:
	return DUK_RET_TYPE_ERROR;
}
#else  /* DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT */
DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_nodejs_buffer_tostring(duk_context *ctx) {
	DUK_UNREF(ctx);
	return DUK_RET_UNSUPPORTED_ERROR;
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT */

/*
 *  Duktape.Buffer: toString(), valueOf()
 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT)
DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_buffer_prototype_tostring_shared(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hthread *thr;
	duk_tval *tv;
	duk_small_int_t to_string = duk_get_current_magic(ctx);

	thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	DUK_UNREF(thr);

	tv = duk_get_borrowed_this_tval(ctx);
	DUK_ASSERT(tv != NULL);

	if (DUK_TVAL_IS_BUFFER(tv)) {
		duk_hbuffer *h_buf;
		h_buf = DUK_TVAL_GET_BUFFER(tv);
		DUK_ASSERT(h_buf != NULL);
		duk_push_hbuffer(ctx, h_buf);
	} else if (DUK_TVAL_IS_OBJECT(tv)) {
		duk_hobject *h;
		duk_hbufferobject *h_bufobj;

		/* Accept any duk_hbufferobject, though we're only normally
		 * called for Duktape.Buffer values.
		 */
		h = DUK_TVAL_GET_OBJECT(tv);
		DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);
		if (!DUK_HOBJECT_IS_BUFFEROBJECT(h)) {
			DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("toString/valueOf() called for a non-bufferobject object"));
			goto type_error;
		}
		h_bufobj = (duk_hbufferobject *) h;
		DUK_ASSERT_HBUFFEROBJECT_VALID(h_bufobj);

		if (h_bufobj->buf == NULL) {
			DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("toString/valueOf() called for a bufferobject with NULL buf"));
			goto type_error;
		}
		duk_push_hbuffer(ctx, h_bufobj->buf);
	} else {
		goto type_error;
	}

	if (to_string) {
		duk_to_string(ctx, -1);
	}
	return 1;

 type_error:
	return DUK_RET_TYPE_ERROR;
}
#else  /* DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT */
DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_buffer_prototype_tostring_shared(duk_context *ctx) {
	DUK_UNREF(ctx);
	return DUK_RET_UNSUPPORTED_ERROR;
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT */

/*
 *  Node.js Buffer.prototype: toJSON()
 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT)
DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_nodejs_buffer_tojson(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hthread *thr;
	duk_hbufferobject *h_this;
	duk_uint8_t *buf;
	duk_uint_t i;

	thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	DUK_UNREF(thr);
	h_this = duk__require_bufobj_this(ctx);
	DUK_ASSERT(h_this != NULL);

	if (h_this->buf == NULL || !DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_VALID_SLICE(h_this)) {
		/* Serialize uncovered backing buffer as a null; doesn't
		 * really matter as long we're memory safe.
		 */
		duk_push_null(ctx);
		return 1;
	}

	duk_push_object(ctx);
	duk_push_hstring_stridx(ctx, DUK_STRIDX_UC_BUFFER);
	duk_put_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_TYPE);

	duk_push_array(ctx);
	for (i = 0; i < h_this->length; i++) {
		/* XXX: regetting the pointer may be overkill - we're writing
		 * to a side-effect free array here.
		 */
		DUK_ASSERT(h_this->buf != NULL);
		buf = DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_GET_SLICE_BASE(thr->heap, h_this);
		duk_push_uint(ctx, (duk_uint_t) buf[i]);
		duk_put_prop_index(ctx, -2, (duk_idx_t) i);
	}
	duk_put_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_DATA);

	return 1;
}
#else  /* DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT */
DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_nodejs_buffer_tojson(duk_context *ctx) {
	DUK_UNREF(ctx);
	return DUK_RET_UNSUPPORTED_ERROR;
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT */

/*
 *  Node.js Buffer.prototype.equals()
 *  Node.js Buffer.prototype.compare()
 *  Node.js Buffer.compare()
 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT)
DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_buffer_compare_shared(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hthread *thr;
	duk_small_uint_t magic;
	duk_hbufferobject *h_bufarg1;
	duk_hbufferobject *h_bufarg2;
	duk_small_int_t comp_res;

	thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	DUK_UNREF(thr);

	magic = duk_get_current_magic(ctx);
	if (magic & 0x02) {
		/* Static call style. */
		h_bufarg1 = duk__require_bufobj_value(ctx, 0);
		h_bufarg2 = duk__require_bufobj_value(ctx, 1);
	} else {
		h_bufarg1 = duk__require_bufobj_this(ctx);
		h_bufarg2 = duk__require_bufobj_value(ctx, 0);
	}
	DUK_ASSERT(h_bufarg1 != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(h_bufarg2 != NULL);

	/* We want to compare the slice/view areas of the arguments.
	 * If either slice/view is invalid (underlying buffer is shorter)
	 * ensure equals() is false, but otherwise the only thing that
	 * matters is to be memory safe.
	 */

	if (DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_VALID_SLICE(h_bufarg1) &&
	    DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_VALID_SLICE(h_bufarg2)) {
		comp_res = duk_js_data_compare((const duk_uint8_t *) DUK_HBUFFER_GET_DATA_PTR(thr->heap, h_bufarg1->buf) + h_bufarg1->offset,
		                               (const duk_uint8_t *) DUK_HBUFFER_GET_DATA_PTR(thr->heap, h_bufarg2->buf) + h_bufarg2->offset,
		                               (duk_size_t) h_bufarg1->length,
		                               (duk_size_t) h_bufarg2->length);
	} else {
		comp_res = -1;  /* either nonzero value is ok */
	}

	if (magic & 0x01) {
		/* compare: similar to string comparison but for buffer data. */
		duk_push_int(ctx, comp_res);
	} else {
		/* equals */
		duk_push_boolean(ctx, (comp_res == 0));
	}

	return 1;
}
#else  /* DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT */
DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_buffer_compare_shared(duk_context *ctx) {
	DUK_UNREF(ctx);
	return DUK_RET_UNSUPPORTED_ERROR;
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT */

/*
 *  Node.js Buffer.prototype.fill()
 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT)
DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_nodejs_buffer_fill(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hthread *thr;
	duk_hbufferobject *h_this;
	const duk_uint8_t *fill_str_ptr;
	duk_size_t fill_str_len;
	duk_uint8_t fill_value;
	duk_int_t fill_offset;
	duk_int_t fill_end;
	duk_size_t fill_length;
	duk_uint8_t *p;

	thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	DUK_UNREF(thr);

	h_this = duk__require_bufobj_this(ctx);
	DUK_ASSERT(h_this != NULL);
	if (h_this->buf == NULL) {
		return DUK_RET_TYPE_ERROR;
	}

	/* [ value offset end ] */

	if (duk_is_string(ctx, 0)) {
		fill_str_ptr = (const duk_uint8_t *) duk_get_lstring(ctx, 0, &fill_str_len);
		DUK_ASSERT(fill_str_ptr != NULL);
	} else {
		fill_value = (duk_uint8_t) duk_to_uint32(ctx, 0);
		fill_str_ptr = (const duk_uint8_t *) &fill_value;
		fill_str_len = 1;
	}

	/* Fill offset handling is more lenient than in Node.js. */

	duk__clamp_startend_nonegidx_noshift(ctx, h_this, 1 /*idx_start*/, 2 /*idx_end*/, &fill_offset, &fill_end);

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("fill: fill_value=%02x, fill_offset=%ld, fill_end=%ld, view length=%ld",
	                     (unsigned int) fill_value, (long) fill_offset, (long) fill_end, (long) h_this->length));

	DUK_ASSERT(fill_end - fill_offset >= 0);
	DUK_ASSERT(h_this->buf != NULL);

	p = (DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_GET_SLICE_BASE(thr->heap, h_this) + fill_offset);
	fill_length = (duk_size_t) (fill_end - fill_offset);
	if (fill_str_len == 1) {
		/* Handle single character fills as memset() even when
		 * the fill data comes from a one-char argument.
		 */
		DUK_MEMSET((void *) p, (int) fill_str_ptr[0], (size_t) fill_length);
	} else if (fill_str_len > 1) {
		duk_size_t i, n, t;

		for (i = 0, n = (fill_end - fill_offset), t = 0; i < n; i++) {
			p[i] = fill_str_ptr[t++];
			if (t >= fill_str_len) {
				t = 0;
			}
		}
	} else {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("zero size fill pattern, ignore silently"));
	}

	/* Return the Buffer to allow chaining: b.fill(0x11).fill(0x22, 3, 5).toString() */
	duk_push_this(ctx);
	return 1;
}
#else  /* DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT */
DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_nodejs_buffer_fill(duk_context *ctx) {
	DUK_UNREF(ctx);
	return DUK_RET_UNSUPPORTED_ERROR;
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT */

/*
 *  Node.js Buffer.prototype.write(string, [offset], [length], [encoding])
 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT)
DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_nodejs_buffer_write(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hthread *thr;
	duk_hbufferobject *h_this;
	duk_uint_t offset;
	duk_uint_t length;
	const duk_uint8_t *str_data;
	duk_size_t str_len;

	thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	DUK_UNREF(thr);

	h_this = duk__require_bufobj_this(ctx);
	DUK_ASSERT(h_this != NULL);

	/* Argument must be a string, e.g. a buffer is not allowed. */
	str_data = (const duk_uint8_t *) duk_require_lstring(ctx, 0, &str_len);

	duk__resolve_offset_opt_length(ctx, h_this, 1, 2, &offset, &length, 0 /*throw_flag*/);
	DUK_ASSERT(offset <= h_this->length);
	DUK_ASSERT(offset + length <= h_this->length);

	/* XXX: encoding is ignored now. */

	if (length > str_len) {
		length = (duk_uint_t) str_len;
	}

	if (DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_VALID_SLICE(h_this)) {
		/* Cannot overlap. */
		DUK_MEMCPY((void *) (DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_GET_SLICE_BASE(thr->heap, h_this) + offset),
		           (const void *) str_data,
		           (size_t) length);
	} else {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("write() target buffer is not covered, silent ignore"));
	}

	duk_push_uint(ctx, length);
	return 1;
}
#else  /* DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT */
DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_nodejs_buffer_write(duk_context *ctx) {
	DUK_UNREF(ctx);
	return DUK_RET_UNSUPPORTED_ERROR;
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT */

/*
 *  Node.js Buffer.prototype.copy()
 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT)
DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_nodejs_buffer_copy(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hthread *thr;
	duk_hbufferobject *h_this;
	duk_hbufferobject *h_bufarg;
	duk_int_t source_length;
	duk_int_t target_length;
	duk_int_t target_start, source_start, source_end;
	duk_uint_t target_ustart, source_ustart, source_uend;
	duk_uint_t copy_size = 0;

	/* [ targetBuffer targetStart sourceStart sourceEnd ] */

	thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	DUK_UNREF(thr);

	h_this = duk__require_bufobj_this(ctx);
	h_bufarg = duk__require_bufobj_value(ctx, 0);
	DUK_ASSERT(h_this != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(h_bufarg != NULL);
	source_length = (duk_int_t) h_this->length;
	target_length = (duk_int_t) h_bufarg->length;

	target_start = duk_to_int(ctx, 1);
	source_start = duk_to_int(ctx, 2);
	if (duk_is_undefined(ctx, 3)) {
		source_end = source_length;
	} else {
		source_end = duk_to_int(ctx, 3);
	}

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("checking copy args: target_start=%ld, target_length=%ld, "
	                     "source_start=%ld, source_end=%ld, source_length=%ld",
	                     (long) target_start, (long) h_bufarg->length,
	                     (long) source_start, (long) source_end, (long) source_length));

	/* This behavior mostly mimics Node.js now. */

	if (source_start < 0 || source_end < 0 || target_start < 0) {
		/* Negative offsets cause a RangeError. */
		goto fail_bounds;
	}
	source_ustart = (duk_uint_t) source_start;
	source_uend = (duk_uint_t) source_end;
	target_ustart = (duk_uint_t) target_start;
	if (source_ustart >= source_uend ||  /* crossed offsets or zero size */
	    source_ustart >= (duk_uint_t) source_length ||  /* source out-of-bounds (but positive) */
	    target_ustart >= (duk_uint_t) target_length) {  /* target out-of-bounds (but positive) */
		goto silent_ignore;
	}
	if (source_uend >= (duk_uint_t) source_length) {
		/* Source end clamped silently to available length. */
		source_uend = source_length;
	}
	copy_size = source_uend - source_ustart;
	if (target_ustart + copy_size > (duk_uint_t) target_length) {
		/* Clamp to target's end if too long.
		 *
		 * NOTE: there's no overflow possibility in the comparison;
		 * both target_ustart and copy_size are >= 0 and based on
		 * values in duk_int_t range.  Adding them as duk_uint_t
		 * values is then guaranteed not to overflow.
		 */
		DUK_ASSERT(target_ustart + copy_size >= target_ustart);  /* no overflow */
		DUK_ASSERT(target_ustart + copy_size >= copy_size);  /* no overflow */
		copy_size = (duk_uint_t) target_length - target_ustart;
	}

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("making copy: target_ustart=%lu source_ustart=%lu copy_size=%lu",
	                     (unsigned long) target_ustart, (unsigned long) source_ustart,
	                     (unsigned long) copy_size));

	DUK_ASSERT(copy_size >= 1);
	DUK_ASSERT(source_ustart <= (duk_uint_t) source_length);
	DUK_ASSERT(source_ustart + copy_size <= (duk_uint_t) source_length);
	DUK_ASSERT(target_ustart <= (duk_uint_t) target_length);
	DUK_ASSERT(target_ustart + copy_size <= (duk_uint_t) target_length);

	/* Ensure copy is covered by underlying buffers. */
	DUK_ASSERT(h_bufarg->buf != NULL);  /* length check */
	DUK_ASSERT(h_this->buf != NULL);    /* length check */
	if (DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_VALID_BYTEOFFSET_EXCL(h_bufarg, target_ustart + copy_size) &&
	    DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_VALID_BYTEOFFSET_EXCL(h_this, source_ustart + copy_size)) {
		/* Must use memmove() because copy area may overlap (source and target
		 * buffer may be the same, or from different slices.
		 */
		DUK_MEMMOVE((void *) (DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_GET_SLICE_BASE(thr->heap, h_bufarg) + target_ustart),
		            (const void *) (DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_GET_SLICE_BASE(thr->heap, h_this) + source_ustart),
		            (size_t) copy_size);
	} else {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("buffer copy not covered by underlying buffer(s), ignoring"));
	}

 silent_ignore:
	/* Return value is like write(), number of bytes written.
	 * The return value matters because of code like:
	 * "off += buf.copy(...)".
         */
	duk_push_uint(ctx, copy_size);
	return 1;

 fail_bounds:
	return DUK_RET_RANGE_ERROR;
}
#else  /* DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT */
DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_nodejs_buffer_copy(duk_context *ctx) {
	DUK_UNREF(ctx);
	return DUK_RET_UNSUPPORTED_ERROR;
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT */

/*
 *  TypedArray.prototype.set()
 *
 *  TypedArray set() is pretty interesting to implement because:
 *
 *    - The source argument may be a plain array or a typedarray.  If the
 *      source is a TypedArray, values are decoded and re-encoded into the
 *      target (not as a plain byte copy).  This may happen even when the
 *      element byte size is the same, e.g. integer values may be re-encoded
 *      into floats.
 *
 *    - Source and target may refer to the same underlying buffer, so that
 *      the set() operation may overlap.  The specification requires that this
 *      must work as if a copy was made before the operation.  Note that this
 *      is NOT a simple memmove() situation because the source and target
 *      byte sizes may be different -- e.g. a 4-byte source (Int8Array) may
 *      expand to a 16-byte target (Uint32Array) so that the target overlaps
 *      the source both from beginning and the end (unlike in typical memmove).
 *
 *    - Even if 'buf' pointers of the source and target differ, there's no
 *      guarantee that their memory areas don't overlap.  This may be the
 *      case with external buffers.
 *
 *  Even so, it is nice to optimize for the common case:
 *
 *    - Source and target separate buffers or non-overlapping.
 *
 *    - Source and target have a compatible type so that a plain byte copy
 *      is possible.  Note that while e.g. uint8 and int8 are compatible
 *      (coercion one way or another doesn't change the byte representation),
 *      e.g. int8 and uint8clamped are NOT compatible when writing int8
 *      values into uint8clamped typedarray (-1 would clamp to 0 for instance).
 *
 *  See test-bi-typedarray-proto-set.js.
 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT)
DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_typedarray_set(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hthread *thr;
	duk_hbufferobject *h_this;
	duk_hobject *h_obj;
	duk_uarridx_t i, n;
	duk_int_t offset_signed;
	duk_uint_t offset_elems;
	duk_uint_t offset_bytes;

	thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	DUK_UNREF(thr);

	h_this = duk__require_bufobj_this(ctx);
	DUK_ASSERT(h_this != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT_HBUFFEROBJECT_VALID(h_this);

	if (h_this->buf == NULL) {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("source neutered, skip copy"));
		return 0;
	}

	h_obj = duk_require_hobject(ctx, 0);
	DUK_ASSERT(h_obj != NULL);

	/* XXX: V8 throws a TypeError for negative values.  Would it
	 * be more useful to interpret negative offsets here from the
	 * end of the buffer too?
	 */
	offset_signed = duk_to_int(ctx, 1);
	if (offset_signed < 0) {
		return DUK_RET_TYPE_ERROR;
	}
	offset_elems = (duk_uint_t) offset_signed;
	offset_bytes = offset_elems << h_this->shift;
	if ((offset_bytes >> h_this->shift) != offset_elems) {
		/* Byte length would overflow. */
		/* XXX: easier check with less code? */
		return DUK_RET_RANGE_ERROR;
	}
	if (offset_bytes > h_this->length) {
		/* Equality may be OK but >length not.  Checking
		 * this explicitly avoids some overflow cases
		 * below.
		 */
		return DUK_RET_RANGE_ERROR;
	}
	DUK_ASSERT(offset_bytes <= h_this->length);

	/* Fast path: source is a TypedArray (or any bufferobject). */

	if (DUK_HOBJECT_IS_BUFFEROBJECT(h_obj)) {
		duk_hbufferobject *h_bufarg;
		duk_uint16_t comp_mask;
		duk_small_int_t no_overlap = 0;
		duk_uint_t src_length;
		duk_uint_t dst_length;
		duk_uint_t dst_length_elems;
		duk_uint8_t *p_src_base;
		duk_uint8_t *p_src_end;
		duk_uint8_t *p_src;
		duk_uint8_t *p_dst_base;
		duk_uint8_t *p_dst;
		duk_small_uint_t src_elem_size;
		duk_small_uint_t dst_elem_size;

		h_bufarg = (duk_hbufferobject *) h_obj;
		DUK_ASSERT_HBUFFEROBJECT_VALID(h_bufarg);

		if (h_bufarg->buf == NULL) {
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("target neutered, skip copy"));
			return 0;
		}

		/* Nominal size check. */
		src_length = h_bufarg->length;  /* bytes in source */
		dst_length_elems = (src_length >> h_bufarg->shift);  /* elems in source and dest */
		dst_length = dst_length_elems << h_this->shift;  /* bytes in dest */
		if ((dst_length >> h_this->shift) != dst_length_elems) {
			/* Byte length would overflow. */
			/* XXX: easier check with less code? */
			return DUK_RET_RANGE_ERROR;
		}
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("nominal size check: src_length=%ld, dst_length=%ld",
		                     (long) src_length, (long) dst_length));
		DUK_ASSERT(offset_bytes <= h_this->length);
		if (dst_length > h_this->length - offset_bytes) {
			/* Overflow not an issue because subtraction is used on the right
			 * side and guaranteed to be >= 0.
			 */
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("copy exceeds target buffer nominal length"));
			return DUK_RET_RANGE_ERROR;
		}
		if (!DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_VALID_BYTEOFFSET_EXCL(h_this, offset_bytes + dst_length)) {
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("copy not covered by underlying target buffer, ignore"));
			return 0;
		}

		p_src_base = DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_GET_SLICE_BASE(thr->heap, h_bufarg);
		p_dst_base = DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_GET_SLICE_BASE(thr->heap, h_this) + offset_bytes;

		/* Check actual underlying buffers for validity and that they
		 * cover the copy.  No side effects are allowed after the check
		 * so that the validity status doesn't change.
		 */
		if (!DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_VALID_SLICE(h_this) ||
		    !DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_VALID_SLICE(h_bufarg)) {
			/* The condition could be more narrow and check for the
			 * copy area only, but there's no need for fine grained
			 * behavior when the underlying buffer is misconfigured.
			 */
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("source and/or target not covered by underlying buffer, skip copy"));
			return 0;
		}

		/* We want to do a straight memory copy if possible: this is
		 * an important operation because .set() is the TypedArray
		 * way to copy chunks of memory.  However, because set()
		 * conceptually works in terms of elements, not all views are
		 * compatible with direct byte copying.
		 *
		 * If we do manage a direct copy, the "overlap issue" handled
		 * below can just be solved using memmove() because the source
		 * and destination element sizes are necessarily equal.
		 */

		DUK_ASSERT(h_this->elem_type < sizeof(duk__buffer_elemtype_copy_compatible) / sizeof(duk_uint16_t));
		comp_mask = duk__buffer_elemtype_copy_compatible[h_this->elem_type];
		if (comp_mask & (1 << h_bufarg->elem_type)) {
			DUK_ASSERT(src_length == dst_length);

			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("fast path: able to use memmove() because views are compatible"));
			DUK_MEMMOVE((void *) p_dst_base, (const void *) p_src_base, (size_t) dst_length);
			return 0;
		}
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("fast path: views are not compatible with a byte copy, copy by item"));

		/* We want to avoid making a copy to process set() but that's
		 * not always possible: the source and the target may overlap
		 * and because element sizes are different, the overlap cannot
		 * always be handled with a memmove() or choosing the copy
		 * direction in a certain way.  For example, if source type is
		 * uint8 and target type is uint32, the target area may exceed
		 * the source area from both ends!
		 *
		 * Note that because external buffers may point to the same
		 * memory areas, we must ultimately make this check using
		 * pointers.
		 *
		 * NOTE: careful with side effects: any side effect may cause
		 * a buffer resize (or external buffer pointer/length update)!
		 */

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("overlap check: p_src_base=%p, src_length=%ld, "
		                     "p_dst_base=%p, dst_length=%ld",
		                     (void *) p_src_base, (long) src_length,
		                     (void *) p_dst_base, (long) dst_length));

		if (p_src_base >= p_dst_base + dst_length ||  /* source starts after dest ends */
		    p_src_base + src_length <= p_dst_base) {   /* source ends before dest starts */
			no_overlap = 1;
		}

		if (!no_overlap) {
			/* There's overlap: the desired end result is that
			 * conceptually a copy is made to avoid "trampling"
			 * of source data by destination writes.  We make
			 * an actual temporary copy to handle this case.
			 */
			duk_uint8_t *p_src_copy;

			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("there is overlap, make a copy of the source"));
			p_src_copy = (duk_uint8_t *) duk_push_fixed_buffer(ctx, src_length);
			DUK_ASSERT(p_src_copy != NULL);
			DUK_MEMCPY((void *) p_src_copy, (const void *) p_src_base, (size_t) src_length);

			p_src_base = p_src_copy;  /* use p_src_base from now on */
		}
		/* Value stack intentionally mixed size here. */

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("after overlap check: p_src_base=%p, src_length=%ld, "
		                     "p_dst_base=%p, dst_length=%ld, valstack top=%ld",
		                     (void *) p_src_base, (long) src_length,
		                     (void *) p_dst_base, (long) dst_length,
		                     (long) duk_get_top(ctx)));

		/* Ready to make the copy.  We must proceed element by element
		 * and must avoid any side effects that might cause the buffer
		 * validity check above to become invalid.
		 *
		 * Although we work through the value stack here, only plain
		 * numbers are handled which should be side effect safe.
		 */

		src_elem_size = 1 << h_bufarg->shift;
		dst_elem_size = 1 << h_this->shift;
		p_src = p_src_base;
		p_dst = p_dst_base;
		p_src_end = p_src_base + src_length;

		while (p_src != p_src_end) {
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("fast path per element copy loop: "
			                     "p_src=%p, p_src_end=%p, p_dst=%p",
			                     (void *) p_src, (void *) p_src_end, (void *) p_dst));
			/* A validated read() is always a number, so it's write coercion
			 * is always side effect free an won't invalidate pointers etc.
			 */
			duk_hbufferobject_push_validated_read(ctx, h_bufarg, p_src, src_elem_size);
			duk_hbufferobject_validated_write(ctx, h_this, p_dst, dst_elem_size);
			duk_pop(ctx);
			p_src += src_elem_size;
			p_dst += dst_elem_size;
		}

		return 0;
	} else {
		/* Slow path: quite slow, but we save space by using the property code
		 * to write coerce target values.  We don't need to worry about overlap
		 * here because the source is not a TypedArray.
		 *
		 * We could use the bufferobject write coercion helper but since the
		 * property read may have arbitrary side effects, full validity checks
		 * would be needed for every element anyway.
		 */

		n = (duk_uarridx_t) duk_get_length(ctx, 0);
		DUK_ASSERT(offset_bytes <= h_this->length);
		if ((n << h_this->shift) > h_this->length - offset_bytes) {
			/* Overflow not an issue because subtraction is used on the right
			 * side and guaranteed to be >= 0.
			 */
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("copy exceeds target buffer nominal length"));
			return DUK_RET_RANGE_ERROR;
		}

		/* There's no need to check for buffer validity status for the
		 * target here: the property access code will do that for each
		 * element.  Moreover, if we did check the validity here, side
		 * effects from reading the source argument might invalidate
		 * the results anyway.
		 */

		DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, 2);
		duk_push_this(ctx);

		for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
			duk_get_prop_index(ctx, 0, i);
			duk_put_prop_index(ctx, 2, offset_elems + i);
		}
	}

	return 0;
}
#else  /* DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT */
DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_typedarray_set(duk_context *ctx) {
	DUK_UNREF(ctx);
	return DUK_RET_UNSUPPORTED_ERROR;
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT */

/*
 *  Node.js Buffer.prototype.slice([start], [end])
 *  ArrayBuffer.prototype.slice(begin, [end])
 *  TypedArray.prototype.slice(begin, [end])
 *
 *  The API calls are almost identical; negative indices are counted from end
 *  of buffer, and final indices are clamped (allowing crossed indices).  Main
 *  differences:
 *
 *    - Copy/view behavior; Node.js .slice() and TypedArray .subarray() create
 *      views, ArrayBuffer .slice() creates a copy
 *
 *    - Resulting object has a different class and prototype depending on the
 *      call (or 'this' argument)
 *
 *    - TypedArray .subarray() arguments are element indices, not byte offsets
 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT)
DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_buffer_slice_shared(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hthread *thr;
	duk_small_int_t magic;
	duk_small_uint_t res_class_num;
	duk_hobject *res_proto;
	duk_hbufferobject *h_this;
	duk_hbufferobject *h_bufobj;
	duk_hbuffer *h_val;
	duk_int_t start_offset, end_offset;
	duk_uint_t slice_length;

	thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	DUK_UNREF(thr);

	/* [ start end ] */

	magic = duk_get_current_magic(ctx);
	h_this = duk__require_bufobj_this(ctx);

	/* Slice offsets are element (not byte) offsets, which only matters
	 * for TypedArray views, Node.js Buffer and ArrayBuffer have shift
	 * zero so byte and element offsets are the same.  Negative indices
	 * are counted from end of slice, crossed indices are allowed (and
	 * result in zero length result), and final values are clamped
	 * against the current slice.  There's intentionally no check
	 * against the underlying buffer here.
	 */

	duk__clamp_startend_negidx_shifted(ctx, h_this, 0 /*idx_start*/, 1 /*idx_end*/, &start_offset, &end_offset);
	DUK_ASSERT(end_offset >= start_offset);
	slice_length = (duk_uint_t) (end_offset - start_offset);

	/* The resulting buffer object gets the same class and prototype as
	 * the buffer in 'this', e.g. if the input is a Node.js Buffer the
	 * result is a Node.js Buffer; if the input is a Float32Array, the
	 * result is a Float32Array.
	 *
	 * For the class number this seems correct.  The internal prototype
	 * is not so clear: if 'this' is a bufferobject with a non-standard
	 * prototype object, that value gets copied over into the result
	 * (instead of using the standard prototype for that object type).
	 */

	res_class_num = DUK_HOBJECT_GET_CLASS_NUMBER((duk_hobject *) h_this);
	h_bufobj = duk_push_bufferobject_raw(ctx,
	                                     DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXTENSIBLE |
	                                     DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_BUFFEROBJECT |
	                                     DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_AS_FLAGS(res_class_num),
	                                     DUK_BIDX_OBJECT_PROTOTYPE);  /* replaced */
	DUK_ASSERT(h_bufobj != NULL);
	res_proto = DUK_HOBJECT_GET_PROTOTYPE(thr->heap, (duk_hobject *) h_this);  /* may be NULL */
	DUK_HOBJECT_SET_PROTOTYPE_UPDREF(thr, (duk_hobject *) h_bufobj, res_proto);

	h_bufobj->length = slice_length;
	h_bufobj->shift = h_this->shift;  /* inherit */
	h_bufobj->elem_type = h_this->elem_type;  /* inherit */
	h_bufobj->is_view = magic & 0x01;
	DUK_ASSERT(h_bufobj->is_view == 0 || h_bufobj->is_view == 1);

	h_val = h_this->buf;
	if (h_val == NULL) {
		return DUK_RET_TYPE_ERROR;
	}

	if (magic & 0x02) {
		/* non-zero: make copy */
		duk_uint8_t *p_copy;
		duk_size_t copy_length;

		p_copy = (duk_uint8_t *) duk_push_fixed_buffer(ctx, (duk_size_t) slice_length);
		DUK_ASSERT(p_copy != NULL);

		/* Copy slice, respecting underlying buffer limits; remainder
		 * is left as zero.
		 */
		copy_length = DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_CLAMP_BYTELENGTH(h_this, slice_length);
		DUK_MEMCPY((void *) p_copy,
		           (const void *) (DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_GET_SLICE_BASE(thr->heap, h_this) + start_offset),
		           copy_length);

		h_val = duk_get_hbuffer(ctx, -1);
		DUK_ASSERT(h_val != NULL);

		h_bufobj->buf = h_val;
		DUK_HBUFFER_INCREF(thr, h_val);
		DUK_ASSERT(h_bufobj->offset == 0);

		duk_pop(ctx);  /* reachable so pop OK */
	} else {
		h_bufobj->buf = h_val;
		DUK_HBUFFER_INCREF(thr, h_val);
		h_bufobj->offset = (duk_uint_t) (h_this->offset + start_offset);

		/* Copy the .buffer property, needed for TypedArray.prototype.subarray().
		 *
		 * XXX: limit copy only for TypedArray classes specifically?
		 */

		duk_push_this(ctx);
		if (duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, -1, DUK_STRIDX_LC_BUFFER)) {
			duk_xdef_prop_stridx(ctx, -3, DUK_STRIDX_LC_BUFFER, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_NONE);
			duk_pop(ctx);
		} else {
			duk_pop_2(ctx);
		}
	}
	/* unbalanced stack on purpose */

	DUK_ASSERT_HBUFFEROBJECT_VALID(h_bufobj);
	return 1;
}
#else  /* DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT */
DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_buffer_slice_shared(duk_context *ctx) {
	DUK_UNREF(ctx);
	return DUK_RET_UNSUPPORTED_ERROR;
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT */

/*
 *  Node.js Buffer.isEncoding()
 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT)
DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_nodejs_buffer_is_encoding(duk_context *ctx) {
	const char *encoding;

	/* only accept lowercase 'utf8' now. */

	encoding = duk_to_string(ctx, 0);
	DUK_ASSERT(duk_is_string(ctx, 0));  /* guaranteed by duk_to_string() */
	duk_push_boolean(ctx, DUK_STRCMP(encoding, "utf8") == 0);
	return 1;
}
#else  /* DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT */
DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_nodejs_buffer_is_encoding(duk_context *ctx) {
	DUK_UNREF(ctx);
	return DUK_RET_UNSUPPORTED_ERROR;
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT */

/*
 *  Node.js Buffer.isBuffer()
 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT)
DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_nodejs_buffer_is_buffer(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hthread *thr;
	duk_tval *tv;
	duk_hobject *h;
	duk_hobject *h_proto;
	duk_bool_t ret = 0;

	thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;

	DUK_ASSERT(duk_get_top(ctx) >= 1);  /* nargs */
	tv = duk_get_tval(ctx, 0);
	DUK_ASSERT(tv != NULL);

	if (DUK_TVAL_IS_OBJECT(tv)) {
		h = DUK_TVAL_GET_OBJECT(tv);
		DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);

		h_proto = thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_NODEJS_BUFFER_PROTOTYPE];
		DUK_ASSERT(h_proto != NULL);

		h = DUK_HOBJECT_GET_PROTOTYPE(thr->heap, h);
		if (h) {
			ret = duk_hobject_prototype_chain_contains(thr, h, h_proto, 0 /*ignore_loop*/);
		}
	}

	duk_push_boolean(ctx, ret);
	return 1;
}
#else  /* DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT */
DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_nodejs_buffer_is_buffer(duk_context *ctx) {
	DUK_UNREF(ctx);
	return DUK_RET_UNSUPPORTED_ERROR;
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT */

/*
 *  Node.js Buffer.byteLength()
 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT)
DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_nodejs_buffer_byte_length(duk_context *ctx) {
	const char *str;
	duk_size_t len;

	/* At the moment Buffer(<str>) will just use the string bytes as
	 * is (ignoring encoding), so we return the string length here
	 * unconditionally.
	 */

	str = duk_to_lstring(ctx, 0, &len);
	DUK_UNREF(str);
	duk_push_size_t(ctx, len);
	return 1;
}
#else  /* DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT */
DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_nodejs_buffer_byte_length(duk_context *ctx) {
	DUK_UNREF(ctx);
	return DUK_RET_UNSUPPORTED_ERROR;
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT */

/*
 *  Node.js Buffer.concat()
 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT)
DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_nodejs_buffer_concat(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hthread *thr;
	duk_hobject *h_arg;
	duk_int_t total_length = 0;
	duk_hbufferobject *h_bufobj;
	duk_hbufferobject *h_bufres;
	duk_hbuffer *h_val;
	duk_uint_t i, n;
	duk_uint8_t *p;
	duk_size_t space_left;
	duk_size_t copy_size;

	thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	DUK_UNREF(thr);

	/* Node.js accepts only actual Arrays. */
	h_arg = duk_require_hobject(ctx, 0);
	if (DUK_HOBJECT_GET_CLASS_NUMBER(h_arg) != DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_ARRAY) {
		return DUK_RET_TYPE_ERROR;
	}

	/* Compute result length and validate argument buffers. */
	n = (duk_uint_t) duk_get_length(ctx, 0);
	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		/* Neutered checks not necessary here: neutered buffers have
		 * zero 'length' so we'll effectively skip them.
		 */
		DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, 2);  /* [ array totalLength ] */
		duk_get_prop_index(ctx, 0, (duk_uarridx_t) i);  /* -> [ array totalLength buf ] */
		h_bufobj = duk__require_bufobj_value(ctx, 2);
		DUK_ASSERT(h_bufobj != NULL);
		total_length += h_bufobj->length;
		duk_pop(ctx);
	}
	if (n == 1) {
		/* For the case n==1 Node.js doesn't seem to type check
		 * the sole member but we do it before returning it.
		 * For this case only the original buffer object is
		 * returned (not a copy).
		 */
		duk_get_prop_index(ctx, 0, 0);
		return 1;
	}

	/* User totalLength overrides a computed length, but we'll check
	 * every copy in the copy loop.  Note that duk_to_uint() can
	 * technically have arbitrary side effects so we need to recheck
	 * the buffers in the copy loop.
	 */
	if (!duk_is_undefined(ctx, 1) && n > 0) {
		/* For n == 0, Node.js ignores totalLength argument and
		 * returns a zero length buffer.
		 */
		total_length = duk_to_int(ctx, 1);
	}
	if (total_length < 0) {
		return DUK_RET_RANGE_ERROR;
	}

	h_bufres = duk_push_bufferobject_raw(ctx,
	                                     DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXTENSIBLE |
	                                     DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_BUFFEROBJECT |
	                                     DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_AS_FLAGS(DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_BUFFER),
	                                     DUK_BIDX_NODEJS_BUFFER_PROTOTYPE);
	DUK_ASSERT(h_bufres != NULL);

	p = (duk_uint8_t *) duk_push_fixed_buffer(ctx, total_length);
	DUK_ASSERT(p != NULL);
	space_left = total_length;

	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, 4);  /* [ array totalLength bufres buf ] */

		duk_get_prop_index(ctx, 0, (duk_uarridx_t) i);
		h_bufobj = duk__require_bufobj_value(ctx, 4);
		DUK_ASSERT(h_bufobj != NULL);

		copy_size = h_bufobj->length;
		if (copy_size > space_left) {
			copy_size = space_left;
		}

		if (h_bufobj->buf != NULL &&
		    DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_VALID_SLICE(h_bufobj)) {
			DUK_MEMCPY((void *) p,
			           (const void *) DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_GET_SLICE_BASE(thr->heap, h_bufobj),
			           copy_size);
		} else {
			/* Just skip, leaving zeroes in the result. */
			;
		}
		p += copy_size;
		space_left -= copy_size;

		duk_pop(ctx);
	}

	h_val = duk_get_hbuffer(ctx, -1);
	DUK_ASSERT(h_val != NULL);

	duk__set_bufobj_buffer(ctx, h_bufres, h_val);
	DUK_ASSERT_HBUFFEROBJECT_VALID(h_bufres);

	duk_pop(ctx);  /* pop plain buffer, now reachable through h_bufres */

	return 1;  /* return h_bufres */
}
#else  /* DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT */
DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_nodejs_buffer_concat(duk_context *ctx) {
	DUK_UNREF(ctx);
	return DUK_RET_UNSUPPORTED_ERROR;
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT */

/*
 *  Shared readfield and writefield methods
 *
 *  The readfield/writefield methods need support for endianness and field
 *  types.  All offsets are byte based so no offset shifting is needed.
 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT)
/* Format of magic, bits:
 *   0...1: field type; 0=uint8, 1=uint16, 2=uint32, 3=float, 4=double, 5=unused, 6=unused, 7=unused
 *       3: endianness: 0=little, 1=big
 *       4: signed: 1=yes, 0=no
 *       5: typedarray: 1=yes, 0=no
 */
#define  DUK__FLD_8BIT         0
#define  DUK__FLD_16BIT        1
#define  DUK__FLD_32BIT        2
#define  DUK__FLD_FLOAT        3
#define  DUK__FLD_DOUBLE       4
#define  DUK__FLD_VARINT       5
#define  DUK__FLD_BIGENDIAN    (1 << 3)
#define  DUK__FLD_SIGNED       (1 << 4)
#define  DUK__FLD_TYPEDARRAY   (1 << 5)

/* XXX: split into separate functions for each field type? */
DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_buffer_readfield(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hthread *thr;
	duk_small_int_t magic = (duk_small_int_t) duk_get_current_magic(ctx);
	duk_small_int_t magic_ftype;
	duk_small_int_t magic_bigendian;
	duk_small_int_t magic_signed;
	duk_small_int_t magic_typedarray;
	duk_small_int_t endswap;
	duk_hbufferobject *h_this;
	duk_bool_t no_assert;
	duk_int_t offset_signed;
	duk_uint_t offset;
	duk_uint_t buffer_length;
	duk_uint_t check_length;
	duk_uint8_t *buf;
	duk_double_union du;

	thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	DUK_UNREF(thr);

	magic_ftype = magic & 0x0007;
	magic_bigendian = magic & 0x0008;
	magic_signed = magic & 0x0010;
	magic_typedarray = magic & 0x0020;

	h_this = duk__require_bufobj_this(ctx);
	DUK_ASSERT(h_this != NULL);
	buffer_length = h_this->length;

	/* [ offset noAssert                 ], when ftype != DUK__FLD_VARINT */
	/* [ offset fieldByteLength noAssert ], when ftype == DUK__FLD_VARINT */
	/* [ offset littleEndian             ], when DUK__FLD_TYPEDARRAY (regardless of ftype) */

	/* Handle TypedArray vs. Node.js Buffer arg differences */
	if (magic_typedarray) {
		no_assert = 0;
#if defined(DUK_USE_INTEGER_LE)
		endswap = !duk_to_boolean(ctx, 1);  /* 1=little endian */
#else
		endswap = duk_to_boolean(ctx, 1);  /* 1=little endian */
#endif
	} else {
		no_assert = duk_to_boolean(ctx, (magic_ftype == DUK__FLD_VARINT) ? 2 : 1);
#if defined(DUK_USE_INTEGER_LE)
		endswap = magic_bigendian;
#else
		endswap = !magic_bigendian;
#endif
	}

	/* Offset is coerced first to signed integer range and then to unsigned.
	 * This ensures we can add a small byte length (1-8) to the offset in
	 * bound checks and not wrap.
	 */
	offset_signed = duk_to_int(ctx, 0);
	offset = (duk_uint_t) offset_signed;
	if (offset_signed < 0) {
		goto fail_bounds;
	}

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("readfield, buffer_length=%ld, offset=%ld, no_assert=%d, "
	                     "magic=%04x, magic_fieldtype=%d, magic_bigendian=%d, magic_signed=%d, "
	                     "endswap=%d",
	                     (long) buffer_length, (long) offset, (int) no_assert,
	                     (unsigned int) magic, (int) magic_ftype, (int) (magic_bigendian >> 3),
	                     (int) (magic_signed >> 4), (int) endswap));

	/* Update 'buffer_length' to be the effective, safe limit which
	 * takes into account the underlying buffer.  This value will be
	 * potentially invalidated by any side effect.
	 */
	check_length = DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_CLAMP_BYTELENGTH(h_this, buffer_length);
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("buffer_length=%ld, check_length=%ld",
	                     (long) buffer_length, (long) check_length));

	if (h_this->buf) {
		buf = DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_GET_SLICE_BASE(thr->heap, h_this);
	} else {
		/* Neutered.  We could go into the switch-case safely with
		 * buf == NULL because check_length == 0.  To avoid scanbuild
		 * warnings, fail directly instead.
		 */
		DUK_ASSERT(check_length == 0);
		goto fail_neutered;
	}
	DUK_ASSERT(buf != NULL);

	switch (magic_ftype) {
	case DUK__FLD_8BIT: {
		duk_uint8_t tmp;
		if (offset + 1U > check_length) {
			goto fail_bounds;
		}
		tmp = buf[offset];
		if (magic_signed) {
			duk_push_int(ctx, (duk_int_t) ((duk_int8_t) tmp));
		} else {
			duk_push_uint(ctx, (duk_uint_t) tmp);
		}
		break;
	}
	case DUK__FLD_16BIT: {
		duk_uint16_t tmp;
		if (offset + 2U > check_length) {
			goto fail_bounds;
		}
		DUK_MEMCPY((void *) du.uc, (const void *) (buf + offset), 2);
		tmp = du.us[0];
		if (endswap) {
			tmp = DUK_BSWAP16(tmp);
		}
		if (magic_signed) {
			duk_push_int(ctx, (duk_int_t) ((duk_int16_t) tmp));
		} else {
			duk_push_uint(ctx, (duk_uint_t) tmp);
		}
		break;
	}
	case DUK__FLD_32BIT: {
		duk_uint32_t tmp;
		if (offset + 4U > check_length) {
			goto fail_bounds;
		}
		DUK_MEMCPY((void *) du.uc, (const void *) (buf + offset), 4);
		tmp = du.ui[0];
		if (endswap) {
			tmp = DUK_BSWAP32(tmp);
		}
		if (magic_signed) {
			duk_push_int(ctx, (duk_int_t) ((duk_int32_t) tmp));
		} else {
			duk_push_uint(ctx, (duk_uint_t) tmp);
		}
		break;
	}
	case DUK__FLD_FLOAT: {
		duk_uint32_t tmp;
		if (offset + 4U > check_length) {
			goto fail_bounds;
		}
		DUK_MEMCPY((void *) du.uc, (const void *) (buf + offset), 4);
		if (endswap) {
			tmp = du.ui[0];
			tmp = DUK_BSWAP32(tmp);
			du.ui[0] = tmp;
		}
		duk_push_number(ctx, (duk_double_t) du.f[0]);
		break;
	}
	case DUK__FLD_DOUBLE: {
		if (offset + 8U > check_length) {
			goto fail_bounds;
		}
		DUK_MEMCPY((void *) du.uc, (const void *) (buf + offset), 8);
		if (endswap) {
			DUK_DBLUNION_BSWAP64(&du);
		}
		duk_push_number(ctx, (duk_double_t) du.d);
		break;
	}
	case DUK__FLD_VARINT: {
		/* Node.js Buffer variable width integer field.  We don't really
		 * care about speed here, so aim for shortest algorithm.
		 */
		duk_int_t field_bytelen;
		duk_int_t i, i_step, i_end;
#if defined(DUK_USE_64BIT_OPS)
		duk_int64_t tmp;
		duk_small_uint_t shift_tmp;
#else
		duk_double_t tmp;
		duk_small_int_t highbyte;
#endif
		const duk_uint8_t *p;

		field_bytelen = duk_get_int(ctx, 1);  /* avoid side effects! */
		if (field_bytelen < 1 || field_bytelen > 6) {
			goto fail_field_length;
		}
		if (offset + (duk_uint_t) field_bytelen > check_length) {
			goto fail_bounds;
		}
		p = (const duk_uint8_t *) (buf + offset);

		/* Slow gathering of value using either 64-bit arithmetic
		 * or IEEE doubles if 64-bit types not available.  Handling
		 * of negative numbers is a bit non-obvious in both cases.
		 */

		if (magic_bigendian) {
			/* Gather in big endian */
			i = 0;
			i_step = 1;
			i_end = field_bytelen;  /* one i_step over */
		} else {
			/* Gather in little endian */
			i = field_bytelen - 1;
			i_step = -1;
			i_end = -1;  /* one i_step over */
		}

#if defined(DUK_USE_64BIT_OPS)
		tmp = 0;
		do {
			DUK_ASSERT(i >= 0 && i < field_bytelen);
			tmp = (tmp << 8) + (duk_int64_t) p[i];
			i += i_step;
		} while (i != i_end);

		if (magic_signed) {
			/* Shift to sign extend. */
			shift_tmp = 64 - (field_bytelen * 8);
			tmp = (tmp << shift_tmp) >> shift_tmp;
		}

		duk_push_i64(ctx, tmp);
#else
		highbyte = p[i];
		if (magic_signed && (highbyte & 0x80) != 0) {
			/* 0xff => 255 - 256 = -1; 0x80 => 128 - 256 = -128 */
			tmp = (duk_double_t) (highbyte - 256);
		} else {
			tmp = (duk_double_t) highbyte;
		}
		for (;;) {
			i += i_step;
			if (i == i_end) {
				break;
			}
			DUK_ASSERT(i >= 0 && i < field_bytelen);
			tmp = (tmp * 256.0) + (duk_double_t) p[i];
		}

		duk_push_number(ctx, tmp);
#endif
		break;
	}
	default: {  /* should never happen but default here */
		goto fail_bounds;
	}
	}

	return 1;

 fail_neutered:
 fail_field_length:
 fail_bounds:
	if (no_assert) {
		/* Node.js return value for noAssert out-of-bounds reads is
		 * usually (but not always) NaN.  Return NaN consistently.
		 */
		duk_push_nan(ctx);
		return 1;
	}

	return DUK_RET_RANGE_ERROR;
}
#else  /* DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT */
DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_buffer_readfield(duk_context *ctx) {
	DUK_UNREF(ctx);
	return DUK_RET_UNSUPPORTED_ERROR;
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT */

#if defined(DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT)
/* XXX: split into separate functions for each field type? */
DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_buffer_writefield(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hthread *thr;
	duk_small_int_t magic = (duk_small_int_t) duk_get_current_magic(ctx);
	duk_small_int_t magic_ftype;
	duk_small_int_t magic_bigendian;
	duk_small_int_t magic_signed;
	duk_small_int_t magic_typedarray;
	duk_small_int_t endswap;
	duk_hbufferobject *h_this;
	duk_bool_t no_assert;
	duk_int_t offset_signed;
	duk_uint_t offset;
	duk_uint_t buffer_length;
	duk_uint_t check_length;
	duk_uint8_t *buf;
	duk_double_union du;
	duk_int_t nbytes = 0;

	thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	DUK_UNREF(thr);

	magic_ftype = magic & 0x0007;
	magic_bigendian = magic & 0x0008;
	magic_signed = magic & 0x0010;
	magic_typedarray = magic & 0x0020;
	DUK_UNREF(magic_signed);

	h_this = duk__require_bufobj_this(ctx);
	DUK_ASSERT(h_this != NULL);
	buffer_length = h_this->length;

	/* [ value  offset noAssert                 ], when ftype != DUK__FLD_VARINT */
	/* [ value  offset fieldByteLength noAssert ], when ftype == DUK__FLD_VARINT */
	/* [ offset value  littleEndian             ], when DUK__FLD_TYPEDARRAY (regardless of ftype) */

	/* Handle TypedArray vs. Node.js Buffer arg differences */
	if (magic_typedarray) {
		no_assert = 0;
#if defined(DUK_USE_INTEGER_LE)
		endswap = !duk_to_boolean(ctx, 2);  /* 1=little endian */
#else
		endswap = duk_to_boolean(ctx, 2);  /* 1=little endian */
#endif
		duk_swap(ctx, 0, 1);  /* offset/value order different from Node.js */
	} else {
		no_assert = duk_to_boolean(ctx, (magic_ftype == DUK__FLD_VARINT) ? 3 : 2);
#if defined(DUK_USE_INTEGER_LE)
		endswap = magic_bigendian;
#else
		endswap = !magic_bigendian;
#endif
	}

	/* Offset is coerced first to signed integer range and then to unsigned.
	 * This ensures we can add a small byte length (1-8) to the offset in
	 * bound checks and not wrap.
	 */
	offset_signed = duk_to_int(ctx, 1);
	offset = (duk_uint_t) offset_signed;

	/* We need 'nbytes' even for a failed offset; return value must be
	 * (offset + nbytes) even when write fails due to invalid offset.
	 */
	if (magic_ftype != DUK__FLD_VARINT) {
		DUK_ASSERT(magic_ftype >= 0 && magic_ftype < (duk_small_int_t) (sizeof(duk__buffer_nbytes_from_fldtype) / sizeof(duk_uint8_t)));
		nbytes = duk__buffer_nbytes_from_fldtype[magic_ftype];
	} else {
		nbytes = duk_get_int(ctx, 2);
		if (nbytes < 1 || nbytes > 6) {
			goto fail_field_length;
		}
	}
	DUK_ASSERT(nbytes >= 1 && nbytes <= 8);

	/* Now we can check offset validity. */
	if (offset_signed < 0) {
		goto fail_bounds;
	}

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("writefield, value=%!T, buffer_length=%ld, offset=%ld, no_assert=%d, "
	                     "magic=%04x, magic_fieldtype=%d, magic_bigendian=%d, magic_signed=%d, "
	                     "endswap=%d",
	                     duk_get_tval(ctx, 0), (long) buffer_length, (long) offset, (int) no_assert,
	                     (unsigned int) magic, (int) magic_ftype, (int) (magic_bigendian >> 3),
	                     (int) (magic_signed >> 4), (int) endswap));

	/* Coerce value to a number before computing check_length, so that
	 * the field type specific coercion below can't have side effects
	 * that would invalidate check_length.
	 */
	duk_to_number(ctx, 0);

	/* Update 'buffer_length' to be the effective, safe limit which
	 * takes into account the underlying buffer.  This value will be
	 * potentially invalidated by any side effect.
	 */
	check_length = DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_CLAMP_BYTELENGTH(h_this, buffer_length);
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("buffer_length=%ld, check_length=%ld",
	                     (long) buffer_length, (long) check_length));

	if (h_this->buf) {
		buf = DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_GET_SLICE_BASE(thr->heap, h_this);
	} else {
		/* Neutered.  We could go into the switch-case safely with
		 * buf == NULL because check_length == 0.  To avoid scanbuild
		 * warnings, fail directly instead.
		 */
		DUK_ASSERT(check_length == 0);
		goto fail_neutered;
	}
	DUK_ASSERT(buf != NULL);

	switch (magic_ftype) {
	case DUK__FLD_8BIT: {
		if (offset + 1U > check_length) {
			goto fail_bounds;
		}
		/* sign doesn't matter when writing */
		buf[offset] = (duk_uint8_t) duk_to_uint32(ctx, 0);
		break;
	}
	case DUK__FLD_16BIT: {
		duk_uint16_t tmp;
		if (offset + 2U > check_length) {
			goto fail_bounds;
		}
		tmp = (duk_uint16_t) duk_to_uint32(ctx, 0);
		if (endswap) {
			tmp = DUK_BSWAP16(tmp);
		}
		du.us[0] = tmp;
		/* sign doesn't matter when writing */
		DUK_MEMCPY((void *) (buf + offset), (const void *) du.uc, 2);
		break;
	}
	case DUK__FLD_32BIT: {
		duk_uint32_t tmp;
		if (offset + 4U > check_length) {
			goto fail_bounds;
		}
		tmp = (duk_uint32_t) duk_to_uint32(ctx, 0);
		if (endswap) {
			tmp = DUK_BSWAP32(tmp);
		}
		du.ui[0] = tmp;
		/* sign doesn't matter when writing */
		DUK_MEMCPY((void *) (buf + offset), (const void *) du.uc, 4);
		break;
	}
	case DUK__FLD_FLOAT: {
		duk_uint32_t tmp;
		if (offset + 4U > check_length) {
			goto fail_bounds;
		}
		du.f[0] = (duk_float_t) duk_to_number(ctx, 0);
		if (endswap) {
			tmp = du.ui[0];
			tmp = DUK_BSWAP32(tmp);
			du.ui[0] = tmp;
		}
		/* sign doesn't matter when writing */
		DUK_MEMCPY((void *) (buf + offset), (const void *) du.uc, 4);
		break;
	}
	case DUK__FLD_DOUBLE: {
		if (offset + 8U > check_length) {
			goto fail_bounds;
		}
		du.d = (duk_double_t) duk_to_number(ctx, 0);
		if (endswap) {
			DUK_DBLUNION_BSWAP64(&du);
		}
		/* sign doesn't matter when writing */
		DUK_MEMCPY((void *) (buf + offset), (const void *) du.uc, 8);
		break;
	}
	case DUK__FLD_VARINT: {
		/* Node.js Buffer variable width integer field.  We don't really
		 * care about speed here, so aim for shortest algorithm.
		 */
		duk_int_t field_bytelen;
		duk_int_t i, i_step, i_end;
#if defined(DUK_USE_64BIT_OPS)
		duk_int64_t tmp;
#else
		duk_double_t tmp;
#endif
		duk_uint8_t *p;

		field_bytelen = (duk_int_t) nbytes;
		if (offset + (duk_uint_t) field_bytelen > check_length) {
			goto fail_bounds;
		}

		/* Slow writing of value using either 64-bit arithmetic
		 * or IEEE doubles if 64-bit types not available.  There's
		 * no special sign handling when writing varints.
		 */

		if (magic_bigendian) {
			/* Write in big endian */
			i = field_bytelen;  /* one i_step added at top of loop */
			i_step = -1;
			i_end = 0;
		} else {
			/* Write in little endian */
			i = -1;  /* one i_step added at top of loop */
			i_step = 1;
			i_end = field_bytelen - 1;
		}

		/* XXX: The duk_to_number() cast followed by integer coercion
		 * is platform specific so NaN, +/- Infinity, and out-of-bounds
		 * values result in platform specific output now.
		 * See: test-bi-nodejs-buffer-proto-varint-special.js
		 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_64BIT_OPS)
		tmp = (duk_int64_t) duk_to_number(ctx, 0);
		p = (duk_uint8_t *) (buf + offset);
		do {
			i += i_step;
			DUK_ASSERT(i >= 0 && i < field_bytelen);
			p[i] = (duk_uint8_t) (tmp & 0xff);
			tmp = tmp >> 8;  /* unnecessary shift for last byte */
		} while (i != i_end);
#else
		tmp = duk_to_number(ctx, 0);
		p = (duk_uint8_t *) (buf + offset);
		do {
			i += i_step;
			tmp = DUK_FLOOR(tmp);
			DUK_ASSERT(i >= 0 && i < field_bytelen);
			p[i] = (duk_uint8_t) (DUK_FMOD(tmp, 256.0));
			tmp = tmp / 256.0;  /* unnecessary div for last byte */
		} while (i != i_end);
#endif
		break;
	}
	default: {  /* should never happen but default here */
		goto fail_bounds;
	}
	}

	/* Node.js Buffer: return offset + #bytes written (i.e. next
	 * write offset).
	 */
	if (magic_typedarray) {
		/* For TypedArrays 'undefined' return value is specified
		 * by ES6 (matches V8).
		 */
		return 0;
	}
	duk_push_uint(ctx, offset + nbytes);
	return 1;

 fail_neutered:
 fail_field_length:
 fail_bounds:
	if (no_assert) {
		/* Node.js return value for failed writes is offset + #bytes
		 * that would have been written.
		 */
		/* XXX: for negative input offsets, 'offset' will be a large
		 * positive value so the result here is confusing.
		 */
		if (magic_typedarray) {
			return 0;
		}
		duk_push_uint(ctx, offset + nbytes);
		return 1;
	}
	return DUK_RET_RANGE_ERROR;
}
#else  /* DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT */
DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_buffer_writefield(duk_context *ctx) {
	DUK_UNREF(ctx);
	return DUK_RET_UNSUPPORTED_ERROR;
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT */

#undef  DUK__FLD_8BIT
#undef  DUK__FLD_16BIT
#undef  DUK__FLD_32BIT
#undef  DUK__FLD_FLOAT
#undef  DUK__FLD_DOUBLE
#undef  DUK__FLD_VARINT
#undef  DUK__FLD_BIGENDIAN
#undef  DUK__FLD_SIGNED
#undef  DUK__FLD_TYPEDARRAY
/*
 *  Date built-ins
 *
 *  Unlike most built-ins, Date has some platform dependencies for getting
 *  UTC time, converting between UTC and local time, and parsing and
 *  formatting time values.  These are all abstracted behind DUK_USE_xxx
 *  config options.  There are built-in platform specific providers for
 *  POSIX and Windows, but external providers can also be used.
 *
 *  See doc/datetime.rst.
 *
 */

/* include removed: duk_internal.h */

/*
 *  Forward declarations
 */

DUK_LOCAL_DECL duk_double_t duk__push_this_get_timeval_tzoffset(duk_context *ctx, duk_small_uint_t flags, duk_int_t *out_tzoffset);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL duk_double_t duk__push_this_get_timeval(duk_context *ctx, duk_small_uint_t flags);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__twodigit_year_fixup(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t idx_val);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL duk_ret_t duk__set_this_timeval_from_dparts(duk_context *ctx, duk_double_t *dparts, duk_small_uint_t flags);

/*
 *  Other file level defines
 */

/* Debug macro to print all parts and dparts (used manually because of debug level). */
#define  DUK__DPRINT_PARTS_AND_DPARTS(parts,dparts)  do { \
		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("parts: %ld %ld %ld %ld %ld %ld %ld %ld, dparts: %lf %lf %lf %lf %lf %lf %lf %lf", \
		                 (long) (parts)[0], (long) (parts)[1], \
		                 (long) (parts)[2], (long) (parts)[3], \
		                 (long) (parts)[4], (long) (parts)[5], \
		                 (long) (parts)[6], (long) (parts)[7], \
		                 (double) (dparts)[0], (double) (dparts)[1], \
		                 (double) (dparts)[2], (double) (dparts)[3], \
		                 (double) (dparts)[4], (double) (dparts)[5], \
		                 (double) (dparts)[6], (double) (dparts)[7])); \
	} while (0)
#define  DUK__DPRINT_PARTS(parts)  do { \
		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("parts: %ld %ld %ld %ld %ld %ld %ld %ld", \
		                 (long) (parts)[0], (long) (parts)[1], \
		                 (long) (parts)[2], (long) (parts)[3], \
		                 (long) (parts)[4], (long) (parts)[5], \
		                 (long) (parts)[6], (long) (parts)[7])); \
	} while (0)
#define  DUK__DPRINT_DPARTS(dparts)  do { \
		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("dparts: %lf %lf %lf %lf %lf %lf %lf %lf", \
		                 (double) (dparts)[0], (double) (dparts)[1], \
		                 (double) (dparts)[2], (double) (dparts)[3], \
		                 (double) (dparts)[4], (double) (dparts)[5], \
		                 (double) (dparts)[6], (double) (dparts)[7])); \
	} while (0)

/* Equivalent year for DST calculations outside [1970,2038[ range, see
 * E5 Section 15.9.1.8.  Equivalent year has the same leap-year-ness and
 * starts with the same weekday on Jan 1.
 * https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=351066
 */
#define DUK__YEAR(x) ((duk_uint8_t) ((x) - 1970))
DUK_LOCAL duk_uint8_t duk__date_equivyear[14] = {
#if 1
	/* This is based on V8 EquivalentYear() algorithm (see src/genequivyear.py):
	 * http://code.google.com/p/v8/source/browse/trunk/src/date.h#146
	 */

	/* non-leap year: sunday, monday, ... */
	DUK__YEAR(2023), DUK__YEAR(2035), DUK__YEAR(2019), DUK__YEAR(2031),
	DUK__YEAR(2015), DUK__YEAR(2027), DUK__YEAR(2011),

	/* leap year: sunday, monday, ... */
	DUK__YEAR(2012), DUK__YEAR(2024), DUK__YEAR(2008), DUK__YEAR(2020),
	DUK__YEAR(2032), DUK__YEAR(2016), DUK__YEAR(2028)
#endif

#if 0
	/* This is based on Rhino EquivalentYear() algorithm:
	 * https://github.com/mozilla/rhino/blob/f99cc11d616f0cdda2c42bde72b3484df6182947/src/org/mozilla/javascript/NativeDate.java
	 */

	/* non-leap year: sunday, monday, ... */
	DUK__YEAR(1978), DUK__YEAR(1973), DUK__YEAR(1985), DUK__YEAR(1986),
	DUK__YEAR(1981), DUK__YEAR(1971), DUK__YEAR(1977),

	/* leap year: sunday, monday, ... */
	DUK__YEAR(1984), DUK__YEAR(1996), DUK__YEAR(1980), DUK__YEAR(1992),
	DUK__YEAR(1976), DUK__YEAR(1988), DUK__YEAR(1972)
#endif
};
#undef DUK__YEAR

/*
 *  ISO 8601 subset parser.
 */

/* Parser part count. */
#define DUK__NUM_ISO8601_PARSER_PARTS  9

/* Parser part indices. */
#define DUK__PI_YEAR         0
#define DUK__PI_MONTH        1
#define DUK__PI_DAY          2
#define DUK__PI_HOUR         3
#define DUK__PI_MINUTE       4
#define DUK__PI_SECOND       5
#define DUK__PI_MILLISECOND  6
#define DUK__PI_TZHOUR       7
#define DUK__PI_TZMINUTE     8

/* Parser part masks. */
#define DUK__PM_YEAR         (1 << DUK__PI_YEAR)
#define DUK__PM_MONTH        (1 << DUK__PI_MONTH)
#define DUK__PM_DAY          (1 << DUK__PI_DAY)
#define DUK__PM_HOUR         (1 << DUK__PI_HOUR)
#define DUK__PM_MINUTE       (1 << DUK__PI_MINUTE)
#define DUK__PM_SECOND       (1 << DUK__PI_SECOND)
#define DUK__PM_MILLISECOND  (1 << DUK__PI_MILLISECOND)
#define DUK__PM_TZHOUR       (1 << DUK__PI_TZHOUR)
#define DUK__PM_TZMINUTE     (1 << DUK__PI_TZMINUTE)

/* Parser separator indices. */
#define DUK__SI_PLUS         0
#define DUK__SI_MINUS        1
#define DUK__SI_T            2
#define DUK__SI_SPACE        3
#define DUK__SI_COLON        4
#define DUK__SI_PERIOD       5
#define DUK__SI_Z            6
#define DUK__SI_NUL          7

/* Parser separator masks. */
#define DUK__SM_PLUS         (1 << DUK__SI_PLUS)
#define DUK__SM_MINUS        (1 << DUK__SI_MINUS)
#define DUK__SM_T            (1 << DUK__SI_T)
#define DUK__SM_SPACE        (1 << DUK__SI_SPACE)
#define DUK__SM_COLON        (1 << DUK__SI_COLON)
#define DUK__SM_PERIOD       (1 << DUK__SI_PERIOD)
#define DUK__SM_Z            (1 << DUK__SI_Z)
#define DUK__SM_NUL          (1 << DUK__SI_NUL)

/* Rule control flags. */
#define DUK__CF_NEG          (1 << 0)  /* continue matching, set neg_tzoffset flag */
#define DUK__CF_ACCEPT       (1 << 1)  /* accept string */
#define DUK__CF_ACCEPT_NUL   (1 << 2)  /* accept string if next char is NUL (otherwise reject) */

#define DUK__PACK_RULE(partmask,sepmask,nextpart,flags)  \
	((duk_uint32_t) (partmask) + \
	 (((duk_uint32_t) (sepmask)) << 9) + \
	 (((duk_uint32_t) (nextpart)) << 17) + \
	 (((duk_uint32_t) (flags)) << 21))

#define DUK__UNPACK_RULE(rule,var_nextidx,var_flags)  do { \
		(var_nextidx) = (duk_small_uint_t) (((rule) >> 17) & 0x0f); \
		(var_flags) = (duk_small_uint_t) ((rule) >> 21); \
	} while (0)

#define DUK__RULE_MASK_PART_SEP  0x1ffffUL

/* Matching separator index is used in the control table */
DUK_LOCAL const duk_uint8_t duk__parse_iso8601_seps[] = {
	DUK_ASC_PLUS /*0*/, DUK_ASC_MINUS /*1*/, DUK_ASC_UC_T /*2*/, DUK_ASC_SPACE /*3*/,
	DUK_ASC_COLON /*4*/, DUK_ASC_PERIOD /*5*/, DUK_ASC_UC_Z /*6*/, DUK_ASC_NUL /*7*/
};

/* Rule table: first matching rule is used to determine what to do next. */
DUK_LOCAL const duk_uint32_t duk__parse_iso8601_control[] = {
	DUK__PACK_RULE(DUK__PM_YEAR, DUK__SM_MINUS, DUK__PI_MONTH, 0),
	DUK__PACK_RULE(DUK__PM_MONTH, DUK__SM_MINUS, DUK__PI_DAY, 0),
	DUK__PACK_RULE(DUK__PM_YEAR | DUK__PM_MONTH | DUK__PM_DAY, DUK__SM_T | DUK__SM_SPACE, DUK__PI_HOUR, 0),
	DUK__PACK_RULE(DUK__PM_HOUR, DUK__SM_COLON, DUK__PI_MINUTE, 0),
	DUK__PACK_RULE(DUK__PM_MINUTE, DUK__SM_COLON, DUK__PI_SECOND, 0),
	DUK__PACK_RULE(DUK__PM_SECOND, DUK__SM_PERIOD, DUK__PI_MILLISECOND, 0),
	DUK__PACK_RULE(DUK__PM_TZHOUR, DUK__SM_COLON, DUK__PI_TZMINUTE, 0),
	DUK__PACK_RULE(DUK__PM_YEAR | DUK__PM_MONTH | DUK__PM_DAY | DUK__PM_HOUR /*Note1*/ | DUK__PM_MINUTE | DUK__PM_SECOND | DUK__PM_MILLISECOND, DUK__SM_PLUS, DUK__PI_TZHOUR, 0),
	DUK__PACK_RULE(DUK__PM_YEAR | DUK__PM_MONTH | DUK__PM_DAY | DUK__PM_HOUR /*Note1*/ | DUK__PM_MINUTE | DUK__PM_SECOND | DUK__PM_MILLISECOND, DUK__SM_MINUS, DUK__PI_TZHOUR, DUK__CF_NEG),
	DUK__PACK_RULE(DUK__PM_YEAR | DUK__PM_MONTH | DUK__PM_DAY | DUK__PM_HOUR /*Note1*/ | DUK__PM_MINUTE | DUK__PM_SECOND | DUK__PM_MILLISECOND, DUK__SM_Z, 0, DUK__CF_ACCEPT_NUL),
	DUK__PACK_RULE(DUK__PM_YEAR | DUK__PM_MONTH | DUK__PM_DAY | DUK__PM_HOUR /*Note1*/ | DUK__PM_MINUTE | DUK__PM_SECOND | DUK__PM_MILLISECOND | DUK__PM_TZHOUR /*Note2*/ | DUK__PM_TZMINUTE, DUK__SM_NUL, 0, DUK__CF_ACCEPT)

	/* Note1: the specification doesn't require matching a time form with
	 *        just hours ("HH"), but we accept it here, e.g. "2012-01-02T12Z".
	 *
	 * Note2: the specification doesn't require matching a timezone offset
	 *        with just hours ("HH"), but accept it here, e.g. "2012-01-02T03:04:05+02"
	 */
};

DUK_LOCAL duk_bool_t duk__parse_string_iso8601_subset(duk_context *ctx, const char *str) {
	duk_int_t parts[DUK__NUM_ISO8601_PARSER_PARTS];
	duk_double_t dparts[DUK_DATE_IDX_NUM_PARTS];
	duk_double_t d;
	const duk_uint8_t *p;
	duk_small_uint_t part_idx = 0;
	duk_int_t accum = 0;
	duk_small_uint_t ndigits = 0;
	duk_bool_t neg_year = 0;
	duk_bool_t neg_tzoffset = 0;
	duk_uint_fast8_t ch;
	duk_small_uint_t i;

	/* During parsing, month and day are one-based; set defaults here. */
	DUK_MEMZERO(parts, sizeof(parts));
	DUK_ASSERT(parts[DUK_DATE_IDX_YEAR] == 0);  /* don't care value, year is mandatory */
	parts[DUK_DATE_IDX_MONTH] = 1;
	parts[DUK_DATE_IDX_DAY] = 1;

	/* Special handling for year sign. */
	p = (const duk_uint8_t *) str;
	ch = p[0];
	if (ch == DUK_ASC_PLUS) {
		p++;
	} else if (ch == DUK_ASC_MINUS) {
		neg_year = 1;
		p++;
	}

	for (;;) {
		ch = *p++;
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("parsing, part_idx=%ld, char=%ld ('%c')",
		                     (long) part_idx, (long) ch,
		                     (int) ((ch >= 0x20 && ch <= 0x7e) ? ch : DUK_ASC_QUESTION)));

		if (ch >= DUK_ASC_0 && ch <= DUK_ASC_9) {
			if (ndigits >= 9) {
				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("too many digits -> reject"));
				goto reject;
			}
			if (part_idx == DUK__PI_MILLISECOND /*msec*/ && ndigits >= 3) {
				/* ignore millisecond fractions after 3 */
			} else {
				accum = accum * 10 + ((duk_int_t) ch) - ((duk_int_t) DUK_ASC_0) + 0x00;
				ndigits++;
			}
		} else {
			duk_uint_fast32_t match_val;
			duk_small_int_t sep_idx;

			if (ndigits <= 0) {
				goto reject;
			}
			if (part_idx == DUK__PI_MILLISECOND) {
				/* complete the millisecond field */
				while (ndigits < 3) {
					accum *= 10;
					ndigits++;
				}
			}
			parts[part_idx] = accum;
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("wrote part %ld -> value %ld", (long) part_idx, (long) accum));

			accum = 0;
			ndigits = 0;

			for (i = 0; i < (duk_small_uint_t) (sizeof(duk__parse_iso8601_seps) / sizeof(duk_uint8_t)); i++) {
				if (duk__parse_iso8601_seps[i] == ch) {
					break;
				}
			}
			if (i == (duk_small_uint_t) (sizeof(duk__parse_iso8601_seps) / sizeof(duk_uint8_t))) {
				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("separator character doesn't match -> reject"));
				goto reject;
			}

			sep_idx = i;
			match_val = (1UL << part_idx) + (1UL << (sep_idx + 9));  /* match against rule part/sep bits */

			for (i = 0; i < (duk_small_uint_t) (sizeof(duk__parse_iso8601_control) / sizeof(duk_uint32_t)); i++) {
				duk_uint_fast32_t rule = duk__parse_iso8601_control[i];
				duk_small_uint_t nextpart;
				duk_small_uint_t cflags;

				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("part_idx=%ld, sep_idx=%ld, match_val=0x%08lx, considering rule=0x%08lx",
				                     (long) part_idx, (long) sep_idx,
				                     (unsigned long) match_val, (unsigned long) rule));

				if ((rule & match_val) != match_val) {
					continue;
				}

				DUK__UNPACK_RULE(rule, nextpart, cflags);

				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("rule match -> part_idx=%ld, sep_idx=%ld, match_val=0x%08lx, "
				                     "rule=0x%08lx -> nextpart=%ld, cflags=0x%02lx",
				                     (long) part_idx, (long) sep_idx,
				                     (unsigned long) match_val, (unsigned long) rule,
				                     (long) nextpart, (unsigned long) cflags));

				if (cflags & DUK__CF_NEG) {
					neg_tzoffset = 1;
				}

				if (cflags & DUK__CF_ACCEPT) {
					goto accept;
				}

				if (cflags & DUK__CF_ACCEPT_NUL) {
					DUK_ASSERT(*(p - 1) != (char) 0);
					if (*p == DUK_ASC_NUL) {
						goto accept;
					}
					goto reject;
				}

				part_idx = nextpart;
				break;
			}  /* rule match */

			if (i == (duk_small_uint_t) (sizeof(duk__parse_iso8601_control) / sizeof(duk_uint32_t))) {
				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("no rule matches -> reject"));
				goto reject;
			}

			if (ch == 0) {
				/* This shouldn't be necessary, but check just in case
				 * to avoid any chance of overruns.
				 */
				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("NUL after rule matching (should not happen) -> reject"));
				goto reject;
			}
		}  /* if-digit-else-ctrl */
	}  /* char loop */

	/* We should never exit the loop above. */
	DUK_UNREACHABLE();

 reject:
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("reject"));
	return 0;

 accept:
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("accept"));

	/* Apply timezone offset to get the main parts in UTC */
	if (neg_year) {
		parts[DUK__PI_YEAR] = -parts[DUK__PI_YEAR];
	}
	if (neg_tzoffset) {
		parts[DUK__PI_HOUR] += parts[DUK__PI_TZHOUR];
		parts[DUK__PI_MINUTE] += parts[DUK__PI_TZMINUTE];
	} else {
		parts[DUK__PI_HOUR] -= parts[DUK__PI_TZHOUR];
		parts[DUK__PI_MINUTE] -= parts[DUK__PI_TZMINUTE];
	}
	parts[DUK__PI_MONTH] -= 1;  /* zero-based month */
	parts[DUK__PI_DAY] -= 1;  /* zero-based day */

	/* Use double parts, they tolerate unnormalized time.
	 *
	 * Note: DUK_DATE_IDX_WEEKDAY is initialized with a bogus value (DUK__PI_TZHOUR)
	 * on purpose.  It won't be actually used by duk_bi_date_get_timeval_from_dparts(),
	 * but will make the value initialized just in case, and avoid any
	 * potential for Valgrind issues.
	 */
	for (i = 0; i < DUK_DATE_IDX_NUM_PARTS; i++) {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("part[%ld] = %ld", (long) i, (long) parts[i]));
		dparts[i] = parts[i];
	}

	d = duk_bi_date_get_timeval_from_dparts(dparts, 0 /*flags*/);
	duk_push_number(ctx, d);
	return 1;
}

/*
 *  Date/time parsing helper.
 *
 *  Parse a datetime string into a time value.  We must first try to parse
 *  the input according to the standard format in E5.1 Section 15.9.1.15.
 *  If that fails, we can try to parse using custom parsing, which can
 *  either be platform neutral (custom code) or platform specific (using
 *  existing platform API calls).
 *
 *  Note in particular that we must parse whatever toString(), toUTCString(),
 *  and toISOString() can produce; see E5.1 Section 15.9.4.2.
 *
 *  Returns 1 to allow tail calling.
 *
 *  There is much room for improvement here with respect to supporting
 *  alternative datetime formats.  For instance, V8 parses '2012-01-01' as
 *  UTC and '2012/01/01' as local time.
 */

DUK_LOCAL duk_ret_t duk__parse_string(duk_context *ctx, const char *str) {
	/* XXX: there is a small risk here: because the ISO 8601 parser is
	 * very loose, it may end up parsing some datetime values which
	 * would be better parsed with a platform specific parser.
	 */

	DUK_ASSERT(str != NULL);
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("parse datetime from string '%s'", (const char *) str));

	if (duk__parse_string_iso8601_subset(ctx, str) != 0) {
		return 1;
	}

#if defined(DUK_USE_DATE_PARSE_STRING)
	/* Contract, either:
	 * - Push value on stack and return 1
	 * - Don't push anything on stack and return 0
	 */

	if (DUK_USE_DATE_PARSE_STRING(ctx, str) != 0) {
		return 1;
	}
#else
	/* No platform-specific parsing, this is not an error. */
#endif

	duk_push_nan(ctx);
	return 1;
}

/*
 *  Calendar helpers
 *
 *  Some helpers are used for getters and can operate on normalized values
 *  which can be represented with 32-bit signed integers.  Other helpers are
 *  needed by setters and operate on un-normalized double values, must watch
 *  out for non-finite numbers etc.
 */

DUK_LOCAL duk_uint8_t duk__days_in_month[12] = {
	(duk_uint8_t) 31, (duk_uint8_t) 28, (duk_uint8_t) 31, (duk_uint8_t) 30,
	(duk_uint8_t) 31, (duk_uint8_t) 30, (duk_uint8_t) 31, (duk_uint8_t) 31,
	(duk_uint8_t) 30, (duk_uint8_t) 31, (duk_uint8_t) 30, (duk_uint8_t) 31
};

/* Maximum iteration count for computing UTC-to-local time offset when
 * creating an Ecmascript time value from local parts.
 */
#define DUK__LOCAL_TZOFFSET_MAXITER   4

/* Because 'day since epoch' can be negative and is used to compute weekday
 * using a modulo operation, add this multiple of 7 to avoid negative values
 * when year is below 1970 epoch.  Ecmascript time values are restricted to
 * +/- 100 million days from epoch, so this adder fits nicely into 32 bits.
 * Round to a multiple of 7 (= floor(100000000 / 7) * 7) and add margin.
 */
#define DUK__WEEKDAY_MOD_ADDER  (20000000 * 7)  /* 0x08583b00 */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_bi_date_is_leap_year(duk_int_t year) {
	if ((year % 4) != 0) {
		return 0;
	}
	if ((year % 100) != 0) {
		return 1;
	}
	if ((year % 400) != 0) {
		return 0;
	}
	return 1;
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_bi_date_timeval_in_valid_range(duk_double_t x) {
	return (x >= -DUK_DATE_MSEC_100M_DAYS && x <= DUK_DATE_MSEC_100M_DAYS);
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_bi_date_timeval_in_leeway_range(duk_double_t x) {
	return (x >= -DUK_DATE_MSEC_100M_DAYS_LEEWAY && x <= DUK_DATE_MSEC_100M_DAYS_LEEWAY);
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_bi_date_year_in_valid_range(duk_double_t x) {
	return (x >= DUK_DATE_MIN_ECMA_YEAR && x <= DUK_DATE_MAX_ECMA_YEAR);
}

DUK_LOCAL duk_double_t duk__timeclip(duk_double_t x) {
	if (!DUK_ISFINITE(x)) {
		return DUK_DOUBLE_NAN;
	}

	if (!duk_bi_date_timeval_in_valid_range(x)) {
		return DUK_DOUBLE_NAN;
	}

	x = duk_js_tointeger_number(x);

	/* Here we'd have the option to normalize -0 to +0. */
	return x;
}

/* Integer division which floors also negative values correctly. */
DUK_LOCAL duk_int_t duk__div_floor(duk_int_t a, duk_int_t b) {
	DUK_ASSERT(b > 0);
	if (a >= 0) {
		return a / b;
	} else {
		/* e.g. a = -4, b = 5  -->  -4 - 5 + 1 / 5  -->  -8 / 5  -->  -1
		 *      a = -5, b = 5  -->  -5 - 5 + 1 / 5  -->  -9 / 5  -->  -1
		 *      a = -6, b = 5  -->  -6 - 5 + 1 / 5  -->  -10 / 5  -->  -2
		 */
		return (a - b + 1) / b;
	}
}

/* Compute day number of the first day of a given year. */
DUK_LOCAL duk_int_t duk__day_from_year(duk_int_t year) {
	/* Note: in integer arithmetic, (x / 4) is same as floor(x / 4) for non-negative
	 * values, but is incorrect for negative ones.
	 */
	return 365 * (year - 1970)
	       + duk__div_floor(year - 1969, 4)
	       - duk__div_floor(year - 1901, 100)
	       + duk__div_floor(year - 1601, 400);
}

/* Given a day number, determine year and day-within-year. */
DUK_LOCAL duk_int_t duk__year_from_day(duk_int_t day, duk_small_int_t *out_day_within_year) {
	duk_int_t year;
	duk_int_t diff_days;

	/* estimate year upwards (towards positive infinity), then back down;
	 * two iterations should be enough
	 */

	if (day >= 0) {
		year = 1970 + day / 365;
	} else {
		year = 1970 + day / 366;
	}

	for (;;) {
		diff_days = duk__day_from_year(year) - day;
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("year=%ld day=%ld, diff_days=%ld", (long) year, (long) day, (long) diff_days));
		if (diff_days <= 0) {
			DUK_ASSERT(-diff_days < 366);  /* fits into duk_small_int_t */
			*out_day_within_year = -diff_days;
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("--> year=%ld, day-within-year=%ld",
			                     (long) year, (long) *out_day_within_year));
			DUK_ASSERT(*out_day_within_year >= 0);
			DUK_ASSERT(*out_day_within_year < (duk_bi_date_is_leap_year(year) ? 366 : 365));
			return year;
		}

		/* Note: this is very tricky; we must never 'overshoot' the
		 * correction downwards.
		 */
		year -= 1 + (diff_days - 1) / 366;  /* conservative */
	}
}

/* Given a (year, month, day-within-month) triple, compute day number.
 * The input triple is un-normalized and may contain non-finite values.
 */
DUK_LOCAL duk_double_t duk__make_day(duk_double_t year, duk_double_t month, duk_double_t day) {
	duk_int_t day_num;
	duk_bool_t is_leap;
	duk_small_int_t i, n;

	/* Assume that year, month, day are all coerced to whole numbers.
	 * They may also be NaN or infinity, in which case this function
	 * must return NaN or infinity to ensure time value becomes NaN.
	 * If 'day' is NaN, the final return will end up returning a NaN,
	 * so it doesn't need to be checked here.
	 */

	if (!DUK_ISFINITE(year) || !DUK_ISFINITE(month)) {
		return DUK_DOUBLE_NAN;
	}

	year += DUK_FLOOR(month / 12.0);

	month = DUK_FMOD(month, 12.0);
	if (month < 0.0) {
		/* handle negative values */
		month += 12.0;
	}

	/* The algorithm in E5.1 Section 15.9.1.12 normalizes month, but
	 * does not normalize the day-of-month (nor check whether or not
	 * it is finite) because it's not necessary for finding the day
	 * number which matches the (year,month) pair.
	 *
	 * We assume that duk__day_from_year() is exact here.
	 *
	 * Without an explicit infinity / NaN check in the beginning,
	 * day_num would be a bogus integer here.
	 *
	 * It's possible for 'year' to be out of integer range here.
	 * If so, we need to return NaN without integer overflow.
	 * This fixes test-bug-setyear-overflow.js.
	 */

	if (!duk_bi_date_year_in_valid_range(year)) {
		DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("year not in ecmascript valid range, avoid integer overflow: %lf", (double) year));
		return DUK_DOUBLE_NAN;
	}
	day_num = duk__day_from_year((duk_int_t) year);
	is_leap = duk_bi_date_is_leap_year((duk_int_t) year);

	n = (duk_small_int_t) month;
	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		day_num += duk__days_in_month[i];
		if (i == 1 && is_leap) {
			day_num++;
		}
	}

	/* If 'day' is NaN, returns NaN. */
	return (duk_double_t) day_num + day;
}

/* Split time value into parts.  The time value is assumed to be an internal
 * one, i.e. finite, no fractions.  Possible local time adjustment has already
 * been applied when reading the time value.
 */
DUK_INTERNAL void duk_bi_date_timeval_to_parts(duk_double_t d, duk_int_t *parts, duk_double_t *dparts, duk_small_uint_t flags) {
	duk_double_t d1, d2;
	duk_int_t t1, t2;
	duk_int_t day_since_epoch;
	duk_int_t year;  /* does not fit into 16 bits */
	duk_small_int_t day_in_year;
	duk_small_int_t month;
	duk_small_int_t day;
	duk_small_int_t dim;
	duk_int_t jan1_since_epoch;
	duk_small_int_t jan1_weekday;
	duk_int_t equiv_year;
	duk_small_uint_t i;
	duk_bool_t is_leap;
	duk_small_int_t arridx;

	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_ISFINITE(d));    /* caller checks */
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_FLOOR(d) == d);  /* no fractions in internal time */

	/* The timevalue must be in valid Ecmascript range, but since a local
	 * time offset can be applied, we need to allow a +/- 24h leeway to
	 * the value.  In other words, although the UTC time is within the
	 * Ecmascript range, the local part values can be just outside of it.
	 */
	DUK_UNREF(duk_bi_date_timeval_in_leeway_range);
	DUK_ASSERT(duk_bi_date_timeval_in_leeway_range(d));

	/* these computations are guaranteed to be exact for the valid
	 * E5 time value range, assuming milliseconds without fractions.
	 */
	d1 = (duk_double_t) DUK_FMOD(d, (double) DUK_DATE_MSEC_DAY);
	if (d1 < 0.0) {
		/* deal with negative values */
		d1 += (duk_double_t) DUK_DATE_MSEC_DAY;
	}
	d2 = DUK_FLOOR((double) (d / (duk_double_t) DUK_DATE_MSEC_DAY));
	DUK_ASSERT(d2 * ((duk_double_t) DUK_DATE_MSEC_DAY) + d1 == d);
	/* now expected to fit into a 32-bit integer */
	t1 = (duk_int_t) d1;
	t2 = (duk_int_t) d2;
	day_since_epoch = t2;
	DUK_ASSERT((duk_double_t) t1 == d1);
	DUK_ASSERT((duk_double_t) t2 == d2);

	/* t1 = milliseconds within day (fits 32 bit)
	 * t2 = day number from epoch (fits 32 bit, may be negative)
	 */

	parts[DUK_DATE_IDX_MILLISECOND] = t1 % 1000; t1 /= 1000;
	parts[DUK_DATE_IDX_SECOND] = t1 % 60; t1 /= 60;
	parts[DUK_DATE_IDX_MINUTE] = t1 % 60; t1 /= 60;
	parts[DUK_DATE_IDX_HOUR] = t1;
	DUK_ASSERT(parts[DUK_DATE_IDX_MILLISECOND] >= 0 && parts[DUK_DATE_IDX_MILLISECOND] <= 999);
	DUK_ASSERT(parts[DUK_DATE_IDX_SECOND] >= 0 && parts[DUK_DATE_IDX_SECOND] <= 59);
	DUK_ASSERT(parts[DUK_DATE_IDX_MINUTE] >= 0 && parts[DUK_DATE_IDX_MINUTE] <= 59);
	DUK_ASSERT(parts[DUK_DATE_IDX_HOUR] >= 0 && parts[DUK_DATE_IDX_HOUR] <= 23);

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("d=%lf, d1=%lf, d2=%lf, t1=%ld, t2=%ld, parts: hour=%ld min=%ld sec=%ld msec=%ld",
	                     (double) d, (double) d1, (double) d2, (long) t1, (long) t2,
	                     (long) parts[DUK_DATE_IDX_HOUR],
	                     (long) parts[DUK_DATE_IDX_MINUTE],
	                     (long) parts[DUK_DATE_IDX_SECOND],
	                     (long) parts[DUK_DATE_IDX_MILLISECOND]));

	/* This assert depends on the input parts representing time inside
	 * the Ecmascript range.
	 */
	DUK_ASSERT(t2 + DUK__WEEKDAY_MOD_ADDER >= 0);
	parts[DUK_DATE_IDX_WEEKDAY] = (t2 + 4 + DUK__WEEKDAY_MOD_ADDER) % 7;  /* E5.1 Section 15.9.1.6 */
	DUK_ASSERT(parts[DUK_DATE_IDX_WEEKDAY] >= 0 && parts[DUK_DATE_IDX_WEEKDAY] <= 6);

	year = duk__year_from_day(t2, &day_in_year);
	day = day_in_year;
	is_leap = duk_bi_date_is_leap_year(year);
	for (month = 0; month < 12; month++) {
		dim = duk__days_in_month[month];
		if (month == 1 && is_leap) {
			dim++;
		}
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("month=%ld, dim=%ld, day=%ld",
		                     (long) month, (long) dim, (long) day));
		if (day < dim) {
			break;
		}
		day -= dim;
	}
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("final month=%ld", (long) month));
	DUK_ASSERT(month >= 0 && month <= 11);
	DUK_ASSERT(day >= 0 && day <= 31);

	/* Equivalent year mapping, used to avoid DST trouble when platform
	 * may fail to provide reasonable DST answers for dates outside the
	 * ordinary range (e.g. 1970-2038).  An equivalent year has the same
	 * leap-year-ness as the original year and begins on the same weekday
	 * (Jan 1).
	 *
	 * The year 2038 is avoided because there seem to be problems with it
	 * on some platforms.  The year 1970 is also avoided as there were
	 * practical problems with it; an equivalent year is used for it too,
	 * which breaks some DST computations for 1970 right now, see e.g.
	 * test-bi-date-tzoffset-brute-fi.js.
	 */
	if ((flags & DUK_DATE_FLAG_EQUIVYEAR) && (year < 1971 || year > 2037)) {
		DUK_ASSERT(is_leap == 0 || is_leap == 1);

		jan1_since_epoch = day_since_epoch - day_in_year;  /* day number for Jan 1 since epoch */
		DUK_ASSERT(jan1_since_epoch + DUK__WEEKDAY_MOD_ADDER >= 0);
		jan1_weekday = (jan1_since_epoch + 4 + DUK__WEEKDAY_MOD_ADDER) % 7;  /* E5.1 Section 15.9.1.6 */
		DUK_ASSERT(jan1_weekday >= 0 && jan1_weekday <= 6);
		arridx = jan1_weekday;
		if (is_leap) {
			arridx += 7;
		}
		DUK_ASSERT(arridx >= 0 && arridx < (duk_small_int_t) (sizeof(duk__date_equivyear) / sizeof(duk_uint8_t)));

		equiv_year = (duk_int_t) duk__date_equivyear[arridx] + 1970;
		year = equiv_year;
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("equiv year mapping, year=%ld, day_in_year=%ld, day_since_epoch=%ld, "
		                     "jan1_since_epoch=%ld, jan1_weekday=%ld -> equiv year %ld",
		                     (long) year, (long) day_in_year, (long) day_since_epoch,
		                     (long) jan1_since_epoch, (long) jan1_weekday, (long) equiv_year));
	}

	parts[DUK_DATE_IDX_YEAR] = year;
	parts[DUK_DATE_IDX_MONTH] = month;
	parts[DUK_DATE_IDX_DAY] = day;

	if (flags & DUK_DATE_FLAG_ONEBASED) {
		parts[DUK_DATE_IDX_MONTH]++;  /* zero-based -> one-based */
		parts[DUK_DATE_IDX_DAY]++;    /* -""- */
	}

	if (dparts != NULL) {
		for (i = 0; i < DUK_DATE_IDX_NUM_PARTS; i++) {
			dparts[i] = (duk_double_t) parts[i];
		}
	}
}

/* Compute time value from (double) parts.  The parts can be either UTC
 * or local time; if local, they need to be (conceptually) converted into
 * UTC time.  The parts may represent valid or invalid time, and may be
 * wildly out of range (but may cancel each other and still come out in
 * the valid Date range).
 */
DUK_INTERNAL duk_double_t duk_bi_date_get_timeval_from_dparts(duk_double_t *dparts, duk_small_uint_t flags) {
#if defined(DUK_USE_PARANOID_DATE_COMPUTATION)
	/* See comments below on MakeTime why these are volatile. */
	volatile duk_double_t tmp_time;
	volatile duk_double_t tmp_day;
	volatile duk_double_t d;
#else
	duk_double_t tmp_time;
	duk_double_t tmp_day;
	duk_double_t d;
#endif
	duk_small_uint_t i;
	duk_int_t tzoff, tzoffprev1, tzoffprev2;

	/* Expects 'this' at top of stack on entry. */

	/* Coerce all finite parts with ToInteger().  ToInteger() must not
	 * be called for NaN/Infinity because it will convert e.g. NaN to
	 * zero.  If ToInteger() has already been called, this has no side
	 * effects and is idempotent.
	 *
	 * Don't read dparts[DUK_DATE_IDX_WEEKDAY]; it will cause Valgrind
	 * issues if the value is uninitialized.
	 */
	for (i = 0; i <= DUK_DATE_IDX_MILLISECOND; i++) {
		/* SCANBUILD: scan-build complains here about assigned value
		 * being garbage or undefined.  This is correct but operating
		 * on undefined values has no ill effect and is ignored by the
		 * caller in the case where this happens.
		 */
		d = dparts[i];
		if (DUK_ISFINITE(d)) {
			dparts[i] = duk_js_tointeger_number(d);
		}
	}

	/* Use explicit steps in computation to try to ensure that
	 * computation happens with intermediate results coerced to
	 * double values (instead of using something more accurate).
	 * E.g. E5.1 Section 15.9.1.11 requires use of IEEE 754
	 * rules (= Ecmascript '+' and '*' operators).
	 *
	 * Without 'volatile' even this approach fails on some platform
	 * and compiler combinations.  For instance, gcc 4.8.1 on Ubuntu
	 * 64-bit, with -m32 and without -std=c99, test-bi-date-canceling.js
	 * would fail because of some optimizations when computing tmp_time
	 * (MakeTime below).  Adding 'volatile' to tmp_time solved this
	 * particular problem (annoyingly, also adding debug prints or
	 * running the executable under valgrind hides it).
	 */

	/* MakeTime */
	tmp_time = 0.0;
	tmp_time += dparts[DUK_DATE_IDX_HOUR] * ((duk_double_t) DUK_DATE_MSEC_HOUR);
	tmp_time += dparts[DUK_DATE_IDX_MINUTE] * ((duk_double_t) DUK_DATE_MSEC_MINUTE);
	tmp_time += dparts[DUK_DATE_IDX_SECOND] * ((duk_double_t) DUK_DATE_MSEC_SECOND);
	tmp_time += dparts[DUK_DATE_IDX_MILLISECOND];

	/* MakeDay */
	tmp_day = duk__make_day(dparts[DUK_DATE_IDX_YEAR], dparts[DUK_DATE_IDX_MONTH], dparts[DUK_DATE_IDX_DAY]);

	/* MakeDate */
	d = tmp_day * ((duk_double_t) DUK_DATE_MSEC_DAY) + tmp_time;

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("time=%lf day=%lf --> timeval=%lf",
	                     (double) tmp_time, (double) tmp_day, (double) d));

	/* Optional UTC conversion. */
	if (flags & DUK_DATE_FLAG_LOCALTIME) {
		/* DUK_USE_DATE_GET_LOCAL_TZOFFSET() needs to be called with a
		 * time value computed from UTC parts.  At this point we only
		 * have 'd' which is a time value computed from local parts, so
		 * it is off by the UTC-to-local time offset which we don't know
		 * yet.  The current solution for computing the UTC-to-local
		 * time offset is to iterate a few times and detect a fixed
		 * point or a two-cycle loop (or a sanity iteration limit),
		 * see test-bi-date-local-parts.js and test-bi-date-tzoffset-basic-fi.js.
		 *
		 * E5.1 Section 15.9.1.9:
		 * UTC(t) = t - LocalTZA - DaylightSavingTA(t - LocalTZA)
		 *
		 * For NaN/inf, DUK_USE_DATE_GET_LOCAL_TZOFFSET() returns 0.
		 */

#if 0
		/* Old solution: don't iterate, incorrect */
		tzoff = DUK_USE_DATE_GET_LOCAL_TZOFFSET(d);
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("tzoffset w/o iteration, tzoff=%ld", (long) tzoff));
		d -= tzoff * 1000L;
		DUK_UNREF(tzoffprev1);
		DUK_UNREF(tzoffprev2);
#endif

		/* Iteration solution */
		tzoff = 0;
		tzoffprev1 = 999999999L;  /* invalid value which never matches */
		for (i = 0; i < DUK__LOCAL_TZOFFSET_MAXITER; i++) {
			tzoffprev2 = tzoffprev1;
			tzoffprev1 = tzoff;
			tzoff = DUK_USE_DATE_GET_LOCAL_TZOFFSET(d - tzoff * 1000L);
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("tzoffset iteration, i=%d, tzoff=%ld, tzoffprev1=%ld tzoffprev2=%ld",
			                     (int) i, (long) tzoff, (long) tzoffprev1, (long) tzoffprev2));
			if (tzoff == tzoffprev1) {
				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("tzoffset iteration finished, i=%d, tzoff=%ld, tzoffprev1=%ld, tzoffprev2=%ld",
				                     (int) i, (long) tzoff, (long) tzoffprev1, (long) tzoffprev2));
				break;
			} else if (tzoff == tzoffprev2) {
				/* Two value cycle, see e.g. test-bi-date-tzoffset-basic-fi.js.
				 * In these cases, favor a higher tzoffset to get a consistent
				 * result which is independent of iteration count.  Not sure if
				 * this is a generically correct solution.
				 */
				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("tzoffset iteration two-value cycle, i=%d, tzoff=%ld, tzoffprev1=%ld, tzoffprev2=%ld",
				                     (int) i, (long) tzoff, (long) tzoffprev1, (long) tzoffprev2));
				if (tzoffprev1 > tzoff) {
					tzoff = tzoffprev1;
				}
				break;
			}
		}
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("tzoffset iteration, tzoff=%ld", (long) tzoff));
		d -= tzoff * 1000L;
	}

	/* TimeClip(), which also handles Infinity -> NaN conversion */
	d = duk__timeclip(d);

	return d;
}

/*
 *  API oriented helpers
 */

/* Push 'this' binding, check that it is a Date object; then push the
 * internal time value.  At the end, stack is: [ ... this timeval ].
 * Returns the time value.  Local time adjustment is done if requested.
 */
DUK_LOCAL duk_double_t duk__push_this_get_timeval_tzoffset(duk_context *ctx, duk_small_uint_t flags, duk_int_t *out_tzoffset) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_hobject *h;
	duk_double_t d;
	duk_int_t tzoffset = 0;

	duk_push_this(ctx);
	h = duk_get_hobject(ctx, -1);  /* XXX: getter with class check, useful in built-ins */
	if (h == NULL || DUK_HOBJECT_GET_CLASS_NUMBER(h) != DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_DATE) {
		DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, "expected Date");
	}

	duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, -1, DUK_STRIDX_INT_VALUE);
	d = duk_to_number(ctx, -1);
	duk_pop(ctx);

	if (DUK_ISNAN(d)) {
		if (flags & DUK_DATE_FLAG_NAN_TO_ZERO) {
			d = 0.0;
		}
		if (flags & DUK_DATE_FLAG_NAN_TO_RANGE_ERROR) {
			DUK_ERROR_RANGE(thr, "Invalid Date");
		}
	}
	/* if no NaN handling flag, may still be NaN here, but not Inf */
	DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_ISINF(d));

	if (flags & DUK_DATE_FLAG_LOCALTIME) {
		/* Note: DST adjustment is determined using UTC time.
		 * If 'd' is NaN, tzoffset will be 0.
		 */
		tzoffset = DUK_USE_DATE_GET_LOCAL_TZOFFSET(d);  /* seconds */
		d += tzoffset * 1000L;
	}
	if (out_tzoffset) {
		*out_tzoffset = tzoffset;
	}

	/* [ ... this ] */
	return d;
}

DUK_LOCAL duk_double_t duk__push_this_get_timeval(duk_context *ctx, duk_small_uint_t flags) {
	return duk__push_this_get_timeval_tzoffset(ctx, flags, NULL);
}

/* Set timeval to 'this' from dparts, push the new time value onto the
 * value stack and return 1 (caller can then tail call us).  Expects
 * the value stack to contain 'this' on the stack top.
 */
DUK_LOCAL duk_ret_t duk__set_this_timeval_from_dparts(duk_context *ctx, duk_double_t *dparts, duk_small_uint_t flags) {
	duk_double_t d;

	/* [ ... this ] */

	d = duk_bi_date_get_timeval_from_dparts(dparts, flags);
	duk_push_number(ctx, d);  /* -> [ ... this timeval_new ] */
	duk_dup_top(ctx);         /* -> [ ... this timeval_new timeval_new ] */
	duk_put_prop_stridx(ctx, -3, DUK_STRIDX_INT_VALUE);

	/* stack top: new time value, return 1 to allow tail calls */
	return 1;
}

/* 'out_buf' must be at least DUK_BI_DATE_ISO8601_BUFSIZE long. */
DUK_LOCAL void duk__format_parts_iso8601(duk_int_t *parts, duk_int_t tzoffset, duk_small_uint_t flags, duk_uint8_t *out_buf) {
	char yearstr[8];   /* "-123456\0" */
	char tzstr[8];     /* "+11:22\0" */
	char sep = (flags & DUK_DATE_FLAG_SEP_T) ? DUK_ASC_UC_T : DUK_ASC_SPACE;

	DUK_ASSERT(parts[DUK_DATE_IDX_MONTH] >= 1 && parts[DUK_DATE_IDX_MONTH] <= 12);
	DUK_ASSERT(parts[DUK_DATE_IDX_DAY] >= 1 && parts[DUK_DATE_IDX_DAY] <= 31);
	DUK_ASSERT(parts[DUK_DATE_IDX_YEAR] >= -999999 && parts[DUK_DATE_IDX_YEAR] <= 999999);

	/* Note: %06d for positive value, %07d for negative value to include
	 * sign and 6 digits.
	 */
	DUK_SNPRINTF(yearstr,
	             sizeof(yearstr),
	             (parts[DUK_DATE_IDX_YEAR] >= 0 && parts[DUK_DATE_IDX_YEAR] <= 9999) ? "%04ld" :
	                    ((parts[DUK_DATE_IDX_YEAR] >= 0) ? "+%06ld" : "%07ld"),
	             (long) parts[DUK_DATE_IDX_YEAR]);
	yearstr[sizeof(yearstr) - 1] = (char) 0;

	if (flags & DUK_DATE_FLAG_LOCALTIME) {
		/* tzoffset seconds are dropped; 16 bits suffice for
		 * time offset in minutes
		 */
		if (tzoffset >= 0) {
			duk_small_int_t tmp = tzoffset / 60;
			DUK_SNPRINTF(tzstr, sizeof(tzstr), "+%02d:%02d", (int) (tmp / 60), (int) (tmp % 60));
		} else {
			duk_small_int_t tmp = -tzoffset / 60;
			DUK_SNPRINTF(tzstr, sizeof(tzstr), "-%02d:%02d", (int) (tmp / 60), (int) (tmp % 60));
		}
		tzstr[sizeof(tzstr) - 1] = (char) 0;
	} else {
		tzstr[0] = DUK_ASC_UC_Z;
		tzstr[1] = (char) 0;
	}

	/* Unlike year, the other parts fit into 16 bits so %d format
	 * is portable.
	 */
	if ((flags & DUK_DATE_FLAG_TOSTRING_DATE) && (flags & DUK_DATE_FLAG_TOSTRING_TIME)) {
		DUK_SPRINTF((char *) out_buf, "%s-%02d-%02d%c%02d:%02d:%02d.%03d%s",
		            (const char *) yearstr, (int) parts[DUK_DATE_IDX_MONTH], (int) parts[DUK_DATE_IDX_DAY], (int) sep,
		            (int) parts[DUK_DATE_IDX_HOUR], (int) parts[DUK_DATE_IDX_MINUTE],
		            (int) parts[DUK_DATE_IDX_SECOND], (int) parts[DUK_DATE_IDX_MILLISECOND], (const char *) tzstr);
	} else if (flags & DUK_DATE_FLAG_TOSTRING_DATE) {
		DUK_SPRINTF((char *) out_buf, "%s-%02d-%02d",
		            (const char *) yearstr, (int) parts[DUK_DATE_IDX_MONTH], (int) parts[DUK_DATE_IDX_DAY]);
	} else {
		DUK_ASSERT(flags & DUK_DATE_FLAG_TOSTRING_TIME);
		DUK_SPRINTF((char *) out_buf, "%02d:%02d:%02d.%03d%s",
		            (int) parts[DUK_DATE_IDX_HOUR], (int) parts[DUK_DATE_IDX_MINUTE],
		            (int) parts[DUK_DATE_IDX_SECOND], (int) parts[DUK_DATE_IDX_MILLISECOND],
		            (const char *) tzstr);
	}
}

/* Helper for string conversion calls: check 'this' binding, get the
 * internal time value, and format date and/or time in a few formats.
 * Return value allows tail calls.
 */
DUK_LOCAL duk_ret_t duk__to_string_helper(duk_context *ctx, duk_small_uint_t flags) {
	duk_double_t d;
	duk_int_t parts[DUK_DATE_IDX_NUM_PARTS];
	duk_int_t tzoffset;  /* seconds, doesn't fit into 16 bits */
	duk_bool_t rc;
	duk_uint8_t buf[DUK_BI_DATE_ISO8601_BUFSIZE];

	DUK_UNREF(rc);  /* unreferenced with some options */

	d = duk__push_this_get_timeval_tzoffset(ctx, flags, &tzoffset);
	if (DUK_ISNAN(d)) {
		duk_push_hstring_stridx(ctx, DUK_STRIDX_INVALID_DATE);
		return 1;
	}
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_ISFINITE(d));

	/* formatters always get one-based month/day-of-month */
	duk_bi_date_timeval_to_parts(d, parts, NULL, DUK_DATE_FLAG_ONEBASED);
	DUK_ASSERT(parts[DUK_DATE_IDX_MONTH] >= 1 && parts[DUK_DATE_IDX_MONTH] <= 12);
	DUK_ASSERT(parts[DUK_DATE_IDX_DAY] >= 1 && parts[DUK_DATE_IDX_DAY] <= 31);

	if (flags & DUK_DATE_FLAG_TOSTRING_LOCALE) {
		/* try locale specific formatter; if it refuses to format the
		 * string, fall back to an ISO 8601 formatted value in local
		 * time.
		 */
#if defined(DUK_USE_DATE_FORMAT_STRING)
		/* Contract, either:
		 * - Push string to value stack and return 1
		 * - Don't push anything and return 0
		 */

		rc = DUK_USE_DATE_FORMAT_STRING(ctx, parts, tzoffset, flags);
		if (rc != 0) {
			return 1;
		}
#else
		/* No locale specific formatter; this is OK, we fall back
		 * to ISO 8601.
		 */
#endif
	}

	/* Different calling convention than above used because the helper
	 * is shared.
	 */
	duk__format_parts_iso8601(parts, tzoffset, flags, buf);
	duk_push_string(ctx, (const char *) buf);
	return 1;
}

/* Helper for component getter calls: check 'this' binding, get the
 * internal time value, split it into parts (either as UTC time or
 * local time), push a specified component as a return value to the
 * value stack and return 1 (caller can then tail call us).
 */
DUK_LOCAL duk_ret_t duk__get_part_helper(duk_context *ctx, duk_small_uint_t flags_and_idx) {
	duk_double_t d;
	duk_int_t parts[DUK_DATE_IDX_NUM_PARTS];
	duk_small_uint_t idx_part = (duk_small_uint_t) (flags_and_idx >> DUK_DATE_FLAG_VALUE_SHIFT);  /* unpack args */

	DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(idx_part >= 0);  /* unsigned */
	DUK_ASSERT(idx_part < DUK_DATE_IDX_NUM_PARTS);

	d = duk__push_this_get_timeval(ctx, flags_and_idx);
	if (DUK_ISNAN(d)) {
		duk_push_nan(ctx);
		return 1;
	}
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_ISFINITE(d));

	duk_bi_date_timeval_to_parts(d, parts, NULL, flags_and_idx);  /* no need to mask idx portion */

	/* Setter APIs detect special year numbers (0...99) and apply a +1900
	 * only in certain cases.  The legacy getYear() getter applies -1900
	 * unconditionally.
	 */
	duk_push_int(ctx, (flags_and_idx & DUK_DATE_FLAG_SUB1900) ? parts[idx_part] - 1900 : parts[idx_part]);
	return 1;
}

/* Helper for component setter calls: check 'this' binding, get the
 * internal time value, split it into parts (either as UTC time or
 * local time), modify one or more components as specified, recompute
 * the time value, set it as the internal value.  Finally, push the
 * new time value as a return value to the value stack and return 1
 * (caller can then tail call us).
 */
DUK_LOCAL duk_ret_t duk__set_part_helper(duk_context *ctx, duk_small_uint_t flags_and_maxnargs) {
	duk_double_t d;
	duk_int_t parts[DUK_DATE_IDX_NUM_PARTS];
	duk_double_t dparts[DUK_DATE_IDX_NUM_PARTS];
	duk_idx_t nargs;
	duk_small_uint_t maxnargs = (duk_small_uint_t) (flags_and_maxnargs >> DUK_DATE_FLAG_VALUE_SHIFT);  /* unpack args */
	duk_small_uint_t idx_first, idx;
	duk_small_uint_t i;

	nargs = duk_get_top(ctx);
	d = duk__push_this_get_timeval(ctx, flags_and_maxnargs);
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_ISFINITE(d) || DUK_ISNAN(d));

	if (DUK_ISFINITE(d)) {
		duk_bi_date_timeval_to_parts(d, parts, dparts, flags_and_maxnargs);
	} else {
		/* NaN timevalue: we need to coerce the arguments, but
		 * the resulting internal timestamp needs to remain NaN.
		 * This works but is not pretty: parts and dparts will
		 * be partially uninitialized, but we only write to them.
		 */
	}

	/*
	 *  Determining which datetime components to overwrite based on
	 *  stack arguments is a bit complicated, but important to factor
	 *  out from setters themselves for compactness.
	 *
	 *  If DUK_DATE_FLAG_TIMESETTER, maxnargs indicates setter type:
	 *
	 *   1 -> millisecond
	 *   2 -> second, [millisecond]
	 *   3 -> minute, [second], [millisecond]
	 *   4 -> hour, [minute], [second], [millisecond]
	 *
	 *  Else:
	 *
	 *   1 -> date
	 *   2 -> month, [date]
	 *   3 -> year, [month], [date]
	 *
	 *  By comparing nargs and maxnargs (and flags) we know which
	 *  components to override.  We rely on part index ordering.
	 */

	if (flags_and_maxnargs & DUK_DATE_FLAG_TIMESETTER) {
		DUK_ASSERT(maxnargs >= 1 && maxnargs <= 4);
		idx_first = DUK_DATE_IDX_MILLISECOND - (maxnargs - 1);
	} else {
		DUK_ASSERT(maxnargs >= 1 && maxnargs <= 3);
		idx_first = DUK_DATE_IDX_DAY - (maxnargs - 1);
	}
	DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(idx_first >= 0);  /* unsigned */
	DUK_ASSERT(idx_first < DUK_DATE_IDX_NUM_PARTS);

	for (i = 0; i < maxnargs; i++) {
		if ((duk_idx_t) i >= nargs) {
			/* no argument given -> leave components untouched */
			break;
		}
		idx = idx_first + i;
		DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(idx >= 0);  /* unsigned */
		DUK_ASSERT(idx < DUK_DATE_IDX_NUM_PARTS);

		if (idx == DUK_DATE_IDX_YEAR && (flags_and_maxnargs & DUK_DATE_FLAG_YEAR_FIXUP)) {
			duk__twodigit_year_fixup(ctx, (duk_idx_t) i);
		}

		dparts[idx] = duk_to_number(ctx, i);

		if (idx == DUK_DATE_IDX_DAY) {
			/* Day-of-month is one-based in the API, but zero-based
			 * internally, so fix here.  Note that month is zero-based
			 * both in the API and internally.
			 */
			/* SCANBUILD: complains about use of uninitialized values.
			 * The complaint is correct, but operating in undefined
			 * values here is intentional in some cases and the caller
			 * ignores the results.
			 */
			dparts[idx] -= 1.0;
		}
	}

	/* Leaves new timevalue on stack top and returns 1, which is correct
	 * for part setters.
	 */
	if (DUK_ISFINITE(d)) {
		return duk__set_this_timeval_from_dparts(ctx, dparts, flags_and_maxnargs);
	} else {
		/* Internal timevalue is already NaN, so don't touch it. */
		duk_push_nan(ctx);
		return 1;
	}
}

/* Apply ToNumber() to specified index; if ToInteger(val) in [0,99], add
 * 1900 and replace value at idx_val.
 */
DUK_LOCAL void duk__twodigit_year_fixup(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t idx_val) {
	duk_double_t d;

	/* XXX: idx_val would fit into 16 bits, but using duk_small_uint_t
	 * might not generate better code due to casting.
	 */

	/* E5 Sections 15.9.3.1, B.2.4, B.2.5 */
	duk_to_number(ctx, idx_val);
	if (duk_is_nan(ctx, idx_val)) {
		return;
	}
	duk_dup(ctx, idx_val);
	duk_to_int(ctx, -1);
	d = duk_get_number(ctx, -1);  /* get as double to handle huge numbers correctly */
	if (d >= 0.0 && d <= 99.0) {
		d += 1900.0;
		duk_push_number(ctx, d);
		duk_replace(ctx, idx_val);
	}
	duk_pop(ctx);
}

/* Set datetime parts from stack arguments, defaulting any missing values.
 * Day-of-week is not set; it is not required when setting the time value.
 */
DUK_LOCAL void duk__set_parts_from_args(duk_context *ctx, duk_double_t *dparts, duk_idx_t nargs) {
	duk_double_t d;
	duk_small_uint_t i;
	duk_small_uint_t idx;

	/* Causes a ToNumber() coercion, but doesn't break coercion order since
	 * year is coerced first anyway.
	 */
	duk__twodigit_year_fixup(ctx, 0);

	/* There are at most 7 args, but we use 8 here so that also
	 * DUK_DATE_IDX_WEEKDAY gets initialized (to zero) to avoid the potential
	 * for any Valgrind gripes later.
	 */
	for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
		/* Note: rely on index ordering */
		idx = DUK_DATE_IDX_YEAR + i;
		if ((duk_idx_t) i < nargs) {
			d = duk_to_number(ctx, (duk_idx_t) i);
			if (idx == DUK_DATE_IDX_DAY) {
				/* Convert day from one-based to zero-based (internal).  This may
				 * cause the day part to be negative, which is OK.
				 */
				d -= 1.0;
			}
		} else {
			/* All components default to 0 except day-of-month which defaults
			 * to 1.  However, because our internal day-of-month is zero-based,
			 * it also defaults to zero here.
			 */
			d = 0.0;
		}
		dparts[idx] = d;
	}

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("parts from args -> %lf %lf %lf %lf %lf %lf %lf %lf",
	                     (double) dparts[0], (double) dparts[1],
	                     (double) dparts[2], (double) dparts[3],
	                     (double) dparts[4], (double) dparts[5],
	                     (double) dparts[6], (double) dparts[7]));
}

/*
 *  Helper to format a time value into caller buffer, used by logging.
 *  'out_buf' must be at least DUK_BI_DATE_ISO8601_BUFSIZE long.
 */

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_bi_date_format_timeval(duk_double_t timeval, duk_uint8_t *out_buf) {
	duk_int_t parts[DUK_DATE_IDX_NUM_PARTS];

	duk_bi_date_timeval_to_parts(timeval,
	                             parts,
	                             NULL,
	                             DUK_DATE_FLAG_ONEBASED);

	duk__format_parts_iso8601(parts,
	                          0 /*tzoffset*/,
	                          DUK_DATE_FLAG_TOSTRING_DATE |
	                          DUK_DATE_FLAG_TOSTRING_TIME |
	                          DUK_DATE_FLAG_SEP_T /*flags*/,
	                          out_buf);
}

/*
 *  Indirect magic value lookup for Date methods.
 *
 *  Date methods don't put their control flags into the function magic value
 *  because they wouldn't fit into a LIGHTFUNC's magic field.  Instead, the
 *  magic value is set to an index pointing to the array of control flags
 *  below.
 *
 *  This must be kept in strict sync with genbuiltins.py!
 */

static duk_uint16_t duk__date_magics[] = {
	/* 0: toString */
	DUK_DATE_FLAG_TOSTRING_DATE + DUK_DATE_FLAG_TOSTRING_TIME + DUK_DATE_FLAG_LOCALTIME,

	/* 1: toDateString */
	DUK_DATE_FLAG_TOSTRING_DATE + DUK_DATE_FLAG_LOCALTIME,

	/* 2: toTimeString */
	DUK_DATE_FLAG_TOSTRING_TIME + DUK_DATE_FLAG_LOCALTIME,

	/* 3: toLocaleString */
	DUK_DATE_FLAG_TOSTRING_DATE + DUK_DATE_FLAG_TOSTRING_TIME + DUK_DATE_FLAG_TOSTRING_LOCALE + DUK_DATE_FLAG_LOCALTIME,

	/* 4: toLocaleDateString */
	DUK_DATE_FLAG_TOSTRING_DATE + DUK_DATE_FLAG_TOSTRING_LOCALE + DUK_DATE_FLAG_LOCALTIME,

	/* 5: toLocaleTimeString */
	DUK_DATE_FLAG_TOSTRING_TIME + DUK_DATE_FLAG_TOSTRING_LOCALE + DUK_DATE_FLAG_LOCALTIME,

	/* 6: toUTCString */
	DUK_DATE_FLAG_TOSTRING_DATE + DUK_DATE_FLAG_TOSTRING_TIME,

	/* 7: toISOString */
	DUK_DATE_FLAG_TOSTRING_DATE + DUK_DATE_FLAG_TOSTRING_TIME + DUK_DATE_FLAG_NAN_TO_RANGE_ERROR + DUK_DATE_FLAG_SEP_T,

	/* 8: getFullYear */
	DUK_DATE_FLAG_LOCALTIME + (DUK_DATE_IDX_YEAR << DUK_DATE_FLAG_VALUE_SHIFT),

	/* 9: getUTCFullYear */
	0 + (DUK_DATE_IDX_YEAR << DUK_DATE_FLAG_VALUE_SHIFT),

	/* 10: getMonth */
	DUK_DATE_FLAG_LOCALTIME + (DUK_DATE_IDX_MONTH << DUK_DATE_FLAG_VALUE_SHIFT),

	/* 11: getUTCMonth */
	0 + (DUK_DATE_IDX_MONTH << DUK_DATE_FLAG_VALUE_SHIFT),

	/* 12: getDate */
	DUK_DATE_FLAG_ONEBASED + DUK_DATE_FLAG_LOCALTIME + (DUK_DATE_IDX_DAY << DUK_DATE_FLAG_VALUE_SHIFT),

	/* 13: getUTCDate */
	DUK_DATE_FLAG_ONEBASED + (DUK_DATE_IDX_DAY << DUK_DATE_FLAG_VALUE_SHIFT),

	/* 14: getDay */
	DUK_DATE_FLAG_LOCALTIME + (DUK_DATE_IDX_WEEKDAY << DUK_DATE_FLAG_VALUE_SHIFT),

	/* 15: getUTCDay */
	0 + (DUK_DATE_IDX_WEEKDAY << DUK_DATE_FLAG_VALUE_SHIFT),

	/* 16: getHours */
	DUK_DATE_FLAG_LOCALTIME + (DUK_DATE_IDX_HOUR << DUK_DATE_FLAG_VALUE_SHIFT),

	/* 17: getUTCHours */
	0 + (DUK_DATE_IDX_HOUR << DUK_DATE_FLAG_VALUE_SHIFT),

	/* 18: getMinutes */
	DUK_DATE_FLAG_LOCALTIME + (DUK_DATE_IDX_MINUTE << DUK_DATE_FLAG_VALUE_SHIFT),

	/* 19: getUTCMinutes */
	0 + (DUK_DATE_IDX_MINUTE << DUK_DATE_FLAG_VALUE_SHIFT),

	/* 20: getSeconds */
	DUK_DATE_FLAG_LOCALTIME + (DUK_DATE_IDX_SECOND << DUK_DATE_FLAG_VALUE_SHIFT),

	/* 21: getUTCSeconds */
	0 + (DUK_DATE_IDX_SECOND << DUK_DATE_FLAG_VALUE_SHIFT),

	/* 22: getMilliseconds */
	DUK_DATE_FLAG_LOCALTIME + (DUK_DATE_IDX_MILLISECOND << DUK_DATE_FLAG_VALUE_SHIFT),

	/* 23: getUTCMilliseconds */
	0 + (DUK_DATE_IDX_MILLISECOND << DUK_DATE_FLAG_VALUE_SHIFT),

	/* 24: setMilliseconds */
	DUK_DATE_FLAG_TIMESETTER + DUK_DATE_FLAG_LOCALTIME + (1 << DUK_DATE_FLAG_VALUE_SHIFT),

	/* 25: setUTCMilliseconds */
	DUK_DATE_FLAG_TIMESETTER + (1 << DUK_DATE_FLAG_VALUE_SHIFT),

	/* 26: setSeconds */
	DUK_DATE_FLAG_TIMESETTER + DUK_DATE_FLAG_LOCALTIME + (2 << DUK_DATE_FLAG_VALUE_SHIFT),

	/* 27: setUTCSeconds */
	DUK_DATE_FLAG_TIMESETTER + (2 << DUK_DATE_FLAG_VALUE_SHIFT),

	/* 28: setMinutes */
	DUK_DATE_FLAG_TIMESETTER + DUK_DATE_FLAG_LOCALTIME + (3 << DUK_DATE_FLAG_VALUE_SHIFT),

	/* 29: setUTCMinutes */
	DUK_DATE_FLAG_TIMESETTER + (3 << DUK_DATE_FLAG_VALUE_SHIFT),

	/* 30: setHours */
	DUK_DATE_FLAG_TIMESETTER + DUK_DATE_FLAG_LOCALTIME + (4 << DUK_DATE_FLAG_VALUE_SHIFT),

	/* 31: setUTCHours */
	DUK_DATE_FLAG_TIMESETTER + (4 << DUK_DATE_FLAG_VALUE_SHIFT),

	/* 32: setDate */
	DUK_DATE_FLAG_LOCALTIME + (1 << DUK_DATE_FLAG_VALUE_SHIFT),

	/* 33: setUTCDate */
	0 + (1 << DUK_DATE_FLAG_VALUE_SHIFT),

	/* 34: setMonth */
	DUK_DATE_FLAG_LOCALTIME + (2 << DUK_DATE_FLAG_VALUE_SHIFT),

	/* 35: setUTCMonth */
	0 + (2 << DUK_DATE_FLAG_VALUE_SHIFT),

	/* 36: setFullYear */
	DUK_DATE_FLAG_NAN_TO_ZERO + DUK_DATE_FLAG_LOCALTIME + (3 << DUK_DATE_FLAG_VALUE_SHIFT),

	/* 37: setUTCFullYear */
	DUK_DATE_FLAG_NAN_TO_ZERO + (3 << DUK_DATE_FLAG_VALUE_SHIFT),

	/* 38: getYear */
	DUK_DATE_FLAG_LOCALTIME + DUK_DATE_FLAG_SUB1900 + (DUK_DATE_IDX_YEAR << DUK_DATE_FLAG_VALUE_SHIFT),

	/* 39: setYear */
	DUK_DATE_FLAG_NAN_TO_ZERO + DUK_DATE_FLAG_YEAR_FIXUP + (3 << DUK_DATE_FLAG_VALUE_SHIFT),
};

DUK_LOCAL duk_small_uint_t duk__date_get_indirect_magic(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_small_int_t magicidx = (duk_small_uint_t) duk_get_current_magic(ctx);
	DUK_ASSERT(magicidx >= 0 && magicidx < (duk_small_int_t) (sizeof(duk__date_magics) / sizeof(duk_uint16_t)));
	return (duk_small_uint_t) duk__date_magics[magicidx];
}

/*
 *  Constructor calls
 */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_date_constructor(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_idx_t nargs = duk_get_top(ctx);
	duk_bool_t is_cons = duk_is_constructor_call(ctx);
	duk_double_t dparts[DUK_DATE_IDX_NUM_PARTS];
	duk_double_t d;

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("Date constructor, nargs=%ld, is_cons=%ld", (long) nargs, (long) is_cons));

	duk_push_object_helper(ctx,
	                       DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXTENSIBLE |
	                       DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_AS_FLAGS(DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_DATE),
	                       DUK_BIDX_DATE_PROTOTYPE);

	/* Unlike most built-ins, the internal [[PrimitiveValue]] of a Date
	 * is mutable.
	 */

	if (nargs == 0 || !is_cons) {
		d = duk__timeclip(DUK_USE_DATE_GET_NOW(ctx));
		duk_push_number(ctx, d);
		duk_xdef_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_INT_VALUE, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_W);
		if (!is_cons) {
			/* called as a normal function: return new Date().toString() */
			duk_to_string(ctx, -1);
		}
		return 1;
	} else if (nargs == 1) {
		duk_to_primitive(ctx, 0, DUK_HINT_NONE);
		if (duk_is_string(ctx, 0)) {
			duk__parse_string(ctx, duk_to_string(ctx, 0));
			duk_replace(ctx, 0);  /* may be NaN */
		}
		d = duk__timeclip(duk_to_number(ctx, 0));
		duk_push_number(ctx, d);
		duk_xdef_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_INT_VALUE, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_W);
		return 1;
	}

	duk__set_parts_from_args(ctx, dparts, nargs);

	/* Parts are in local time, convert when setting. */

	(void) duk__set_this_timeval_from_dparts(ctx, dparts, DUK_DATE_FLAG_LOCALTIME /*flags*/);  /* -> [ ... this timeval ] */
	duk_pop(ctx);  /* -> [ ... this ] */
	return 1;
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_date_constructor_parse(duk_context *ctx) {
	return duk__parse_string(ctx, duk_to_string(ctx, 0));
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_date_constructor_utc(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_idx_t nargs = duk_get_top(ctx);
	duk_double_t dparts[DUK_DATE_IDX_NUM_PARTS];
	duk_double_t d;

	/* Behavior for nargs < 2 is implementation dependent: currently we'll
	 * set a NaN time value (matching V8 behavior) in this case.
	 */

	if (nargs < 2) {
		duk_push_nan(ctx);
	} else {
		duk__set_parts_from_args(ctx, dparts, nargs);
		d = duk_bi_date_get_timeval_from_dparts(dparts, 0 /*flags*/);
		duk_push_number(ctx, d);
	}
	return 1;
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_date_constructor_now(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_double_t d;

	d = DUK_USE_DATE_GET_NOW(ctx);
	DUK_ASSERT(duk__timeclip(d) == d);  /* TimeClip() should never be necessary */
	duk_push_number(ctx, d);
	return 1;
}

/*
 *  String/JSON conversions
 *
 *  Human readable conversions are now basically ISO 8601 with a space
 *  (instead of 'T') as the date/time separator.  This is a good baseline
 *  and is platform independent.
 *
 *  A shared native helper to provide many conversions.  Magic value contains
 *  a set of flags.  The helper provides:
 *
 *    toString()
 *    toDateString()
 *    toTimeString()
 *    toLocaleString()
 *    toLocaleDateString()
 *    toLocaleTimeString()
 *    toUTCString()
 *    toISOString()
 *
 *  Notes:
 *
 *    - Date.prototype.toGMTString() and Date.prototype.toUTCString() are
 *      required to be the same Ecmascript function object (!), so it is
 *      omitted from here.
 *
 *    - Date.prototype.toUTCString(): E5.1 specification does not require a
 *      specific format, but result should be human readable.  The
 *      specification suggests using ISO 8601 format with a space (instead
 *      of 'T') separator if a more human readable format is not available.
 *
 *    - Date.prototype.toISOString(): unlike other conversion functions,
 *      toISOString() requires a RangeError for invalid date values.
 */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_date_prototype_tostring_shared(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_small_uint_t flags = duk__date_get_indirect_magic(ctx);
	return duk__to_string_helper(ctx, flags);
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_date_prototype_value_of(duk_context *ctx) {
	/* This native function is also used for Date.prototype.getTime()
	 * as their behavior is identical.
	 */

	duk_double_t d = duk__push_this_get_timeval(ctx, 0 /*flags*/);  /* -> [ this ] */
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_ISFINITE(d) || DUK_ISNAN(d));
	duk_push_number(ctx, d);
	return 1;
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_date_prototype_to_json(duk_context *ctx) {
	/* Note: toJSON() is a generic function which works even if 'this'
	 * is not a Date.  The sole argument is ignored.
	 */

	duk_push_this(ctx);
	duk_to_object(ctx, -1);

	duk_dup_top(ctx);
	duk_to_primitive(ctx, -1, DUK_HINT_NUMBER);
	if (duk_is_number(ctx, -1)) {
		duk_double_t d = duk_get_number(ctx, -1);
		if (!DUK_ISFINITE(d)) {
			duk_push_null(ctx);
			return 1;
		}
	}
	duk_pop(ctx);

	duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, -1, DUK_STRIDX_TO_ISO_STRING);
	duk_dup(ctx, -2);  /* -> [ O toIsoString O ] */
	duk_call_method(ctx, 0);
	return 1;
}

/*
 *  Getters.
 *
 *  Implementing getters is quite easy.  The internal time value is either
 *  NaN, or represents milliseconds (without fractions) from Jan 1, 1970.
 *  The internal time value can be converted to integer parts, and each
 *  part will be normalized and will fit into a 32-bit signed integer.
 *
 *  A shared native helper to provide all getters.  Magic value contains
 *  a set of flags and also packs the date component index argument.  The
 *  helper provides:
 *
 *    getFullYear()
 *    getUTCFullYear()
 *    getMonth()
 *    getUTCMonth()
 *    getDate()
 *    getUTCDate()
 *    getDay()
 *    getUTCDay()
 *    getHours()
 *    getUTCHours()
 *    getMinutes()
 *    getUTCMinutes()
 *    getSeconds()
 *    getUTCSeconds()
 *    getMilliseconds()
 *    getUTCMilliseconds()
 *    getYear()
 *
 *  Notes:
 *
 *    - Date.prototype.getDate(): 'date' means day-of-month, and is
 *      zero-based in internal calculations but public API expects it to
 *      be one-based.
 *
 *    - Date.prototype.getTime() and Date.prototype.valueOf() have identical
 *      behavior.  They have separate function objects, but share the same C
 *      function (duk_bi_date_prototype_value_of).
 */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_date_prototype_get_shared(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_small_uint_t flags_and_idx = duk__date_get_indirect_magic(ctx);
	return duk__get_part_helper(ctx, flags_and_idx);
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_date_prototype_get_timezone_offset(duk_context *ctx) {
	/*
	 *  Return (t - LocalTime(t)) in minutes:
	 *
	 *    t - LocalTime(t) = t - (t + LocalTZA + DaylightSavingTA(t))
	 *                     = -(LocalTZA + DaylightSavingTA(t))
	 *
	 *  where DaylightSavingTA() is checked for time 't'.
	 *
	 *  Note that the sign of the result is opposite to common usage,
	 *  e.g. for EE(S)T which normally is +2h or +3h from UTC, this
	 *  function returns -120 or -180.
	 *
	 */

	duk_double_t d;
	duk_int_t tzoffset;

	/* Note: DST adjustment is determined using UTC time. */
	d = duk__push_this_get_timeval(ctx, 0 /*flags*/);
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_ISFINITE(d) || DUK_ISNAN(d));
	if (DUK_ISNAN(d)) {
		duk_push_nan(ctx);
	} else {
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_ISFINITE(d));
		tzoffset = DUK_USE_DATE_GET_LOCAL_TZOFFSET(d);
		duk_push_int(ctx, -tzoffset / 60);
	}
	return 1;
}

/*
 *  Setters.
 *
 *  Setters are a bit more complicated than getters.  Component setters
 *  break down the current time value into its (normalized) component
 *  parts, replace one or more components with -unnormalized- new values,
 *  and the components are then converted back into a time value.  As an
 *  example of using unnormalized values:
 *
 *    var d = new Date(1234567890);
 *
 *  is equivalent to:
 *
 *    var d = new Date(0);
 *    d.setUTCMilliseconds(1234567890);
 *
 *  A shared native helper to provide almost all setters.  Magic value
 *  contains a set of flags and also packs the "maxnargs" argument.  The
 *  helper provides:
 *
 *    setMilliseconds()
 *    setUTCMilliseconds()
 *    setSeconds()
 *    setUTCSeconds()
 *    setMinutes()
 *    setUTCMinutes()
 *    setHours()
 *    setUTCHours()
 *    setDate()
 *    setUTCDate()
 *    setMonth()
 *    setUTCMonth()
 *    setFullYear()
 *    setUTCFullYear()
 *    setYear()
 *
 *  Notes:
 *
 *    - Date.prototype.setYear() (Section B addition): special year check
 *      is omitted.  NaN / Infinity will just flow through and ultimately
 *      result in a NaN internal time value.
 *
 *    - Date.prototype.setYear() does not have optional arguments for
 *      setting month and day-in-month (like setFullYear()), but we indicate
 *      'maxnargs' to be 3 to get the year written to the correct component
 *      index in duk__set_part_helper().  The function has nargs == 1, so only
 *      the year will be set regardless of actual argument count.
 */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_date_prototype_set_shared(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_small_uint_t flags_and_maxnargs = duk__date_get_indirect_magic(ctx);
	return duk__set_part_helper(ctx, flags_and_maxnargs);
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_date_prototype_set_time(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_double_t d;

	(void) duk__push_this_get_timeval(ctx, 0 /*flags*/); /* -> [ timeval this ] */
	d = duk__timeclip(duk_to_number(ctx, 0));
	duk_push_number(ctx, d);
	duk_dup_top(ctx);
	duk_put_prop_stridx(ctx, -3, DUK_STRIDX_INT_VALUE); /* -> [ timeval this timeval ] */

	return 1;
}
/*
 *  Unix-like Date providers
 *
 *  Generally useful Unix / POSIX / ANSI Date providers.
 */

/* include removed: duk_internal.h */

/* The necessary #includes are in place in duk_config.h. */

/* Buffer sizes for some UNIX calls.  Larger than strictly necessary
 * to avoid Valgrind errors.
 */
#define DUK__STRPTIME_BUF_SIZE  64
#define DUK__STRFTIME_BUF_SIZE  64

#if defined(DUK_USE_DATE_NOW_GETTIMEOFDAY)
/* Get current Ecmascript time (= UNIX/Posix time, but in milliseconds). */
DUK_INTERNAL duk_double_t duk_bi_date_get_now_gettimeofday(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	struct timeval tv;
	duk_double_t d;

	if (gettimeofday(&tv, NULL) != 0) {
		DUK_ERROR_INTERNAL_DEFMSG(thr);
	}

	d = ((duk_double_t) tv.tv_sec) * 1000.0 +
	    ((duk_double_t) (tv.tv_usec / 1000));
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_FLOOR(d) == d);  /* no fractions */

	return d;
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_DATE_NOW_GETTIMEOFDAY */

#if defined(DUK_USE_DATE_NOW_TIME)
/* Not a very good provider: only full seconds are available. */
DUK_INTERNAL duk_double_t duk_bi_date_get_now_time(duk_context *ctx) {
	time_t t;

	DUK_UNREF(ctx);
	t = time(NULL);
	return ((duk_double_t) t) * 1000.0;
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_DATE_NOW_TIME */

#if defined(DUK_USE_DATE_TZO_GMTIME) || defined(DUK_USE_DATE_TZO_GMTIME_R)
/* Get local time offset (in seconds) for a certain (UTC) instant 'd'. */
DUK_INTERNAL duk_int_t duk_bi_date_get_local_tzoffset_gmtime(duk_double_t d) {
	time_t t, t1, t2;
	duk_int_t parts[DUK_DATE_IDX_NUM_PARTS];
	duk_double_t dparts[DUK_DATE_IDX_NUM_PARTS];
	struct tm tms[2];
#ifdef DUK_USE_DATE_TZO_GMTIME
	struct tm *tm_ptr;
#endif

	/* For NaN/inf, the return value doesn't matter. */
	if (!DUK_ISFINITE(d)) {
		return 0;
	}

	/* If not within Ecmascript range, some integer time calculations
	 * won't work correctly (and some asserts will fail), so bail out
	 * if so.  This fixes test-bug-date-insane-setyear.js.  There is
	 * a +/- 24h leeway in this range check to avoid a test262 corner
	 * case documented in test-bug-date-timeval-edges.js.
	 */
	if (!duk_bi_date_timeval_in_leeway_range(d)) {
		DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("timeval not within valid range, skip tzoffset computation to avoid integer overflows"));
		return 0;
	}

	/*
	 *  This is a bit tricky to implement portably.  The result depends
	 *  on the timestamp (specifically, DST depends on the timestamp).
	 *  If e.g. UNIX APIs are used, they'll have portability issues with
	 *  very small and very large years.
	 *
	 *  Current approach:
	 *
	 *  - Stay within portable UNIX limits by using equivalent year mapping.
	 *    Avoid year 1970 and 2038 as some conversions start to fail, at
	 *    least on some platforms.  Avoiding 1970 means that there are
	 *    currently DST discrepancies for 1970.
	 *
	 *  - Create a UTC and local time breakdowns from 't'.  Then create
	 *    a time_t using gmtime() and localtime() and compute the time
	 *    difference between the two.
	 *
	 *  Equivalent year mapping (E5 Section 15.9.1.8):
	 *
	 *    If the host environment provides functionality for determining
	 *    daylight saving time, the implementation of ECMAScript is free
	 *    to map the year in question to an equivalent year (same
	 *    leap-year-ness and same starting week day for the year) for which
	 *    the host environment provides daylight saving time information.
	 *    The only restriction is that all equivalent years should produce
	 *    the same result.
	 *
	 *  This approach is quite reasonable but not entirely correct, e.g.
	 *  the specification also states (E5 Section 15.9.1.8):
	 *
	 *    The implementation of ECMAScript should not try to determine
	 *    whether the exact time was subject to daylight saving time, but
	 *    just whether daylight saving time would have been in effect if
	 *    the _current daylight saving time algorithm_ had been used at the
	 *    time.  This avoids complications such as taking into account the
	 *    years that the locale observed daylight saving time year round.
	 *
	 *  Since we rely on the platform APIs for conversions between local
	 *  time and UTC, we can't guarantee the above.  Rather, if the platform
	 *  has historical DST rules they will be applied.  This seems to be the
	 *  general preferred direction in Ecmascript standardization (or at least
	 *  implementations) anyway, and even the equivalent year mapping should
	 *  be disabled if the platform is known to handle DST properly for the
	 *  full Ecmascript range.
	 *
	 *  The following has useful discussion and links:
	 *
	 *    https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=351066
	 */

	duk_bi_date_timeval_to_parts(d, parts, dparts, DUK_DATE_FLAG_EQUIVYEAR /*flags*/);
	DUK_ASSERT(parts[DUK_DATE_IDX_YEAR] >= 1970 && parts[DUK_DATE_IDX_YEAR] <= 2038);

	d = duk_bi_date_get_timeval_from_dparts(dparts, 0 /*flags*/);
	DUK_ASSERT(d >= 0 && d < 2147483648.0 * 1000.0);  /* unsigned 31-bit range */
	t = (time_t) (d / 1000.0);
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("timeval: %lf -> time_t %ld", (double) d, (long) t));

	DUK_MEMZERO((void *) tms, sizeof(struct tm) * 2);

#if defined(DUK_USE_DATE_TZO_GMTIME_R)
	(void) gmtime_r(&t, &tms[0]);
	(void) localtime_r(&t, &tms[1]);
#elif defined(DUK_USE_DATE_TZO_GMTIME)
	tm_ptr = gmtime(&t);
	DUK_MEMCPY((void *) &tms[0], tm_ptr, sizeof(struct tm));
	tm_ptr = localtime(&t);
	DUK_MEMCPY((void *) &tms[1], tm_ptr, sizeof(struct tm));
#else
#error internal error
#endif
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("gmtime result: tm={sec:%ld,min:%ld,hour:%ld,mday:%ld,mon:%ld,year:%ld,"
	                     "wday:%ld,yday:%ld,isdst:%ld}",
	                     (long) tms[0].tm_sec, (long) tms[0].tm_min, (long) tms[0].tm_hour,
	                     (long) tms[0].tm_mday, (long) tms[0].tm_mon, (long) tms[0].tm_year,
	                     (long) tms[0].tm_wday, (long) tms[0].tm_yday, (long) tms[0].tm_isdst));
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("localtime result: tm={sec:%ld,min:%ld,hour:%ld,mday:%ld,mon:%ld,year:%ld,"
	                     "wday:%ld,yday:%ld,isdst:%ld}",
	                     (long) tms[1].tm_sec, (long) tms[1].tm_min, (long) tms[1].tm_hour,
	                     (long) tms[1].tm_mday, (long) tms[1].tm_mon, (long) tms[1].tm_year,
	                     (long) tms[1].tm_wday, (long) tms[1].tm_yday, (long) tms[1].tm_isdst));

	/* tm_isdst is both an input and an output to mktime(), use 0 to
	 * avoid DST handling in mktime():
	 * - https://github.com/svaarala/duktape/issues/406
	 * - http://stackoverflow.com/questions/8558919/mktime-and-tm-isdst
	 */
	tms[0].tm_isdst = 0;
	tms[1].tm_isdst = 0;
	t1 = mktime(&tms[0]);  /* UTC */
	t2 = mktime(&tms[1]);  /* local */
	if (t1 == (time_t) -1 || t2 == (time_t) -1) {
		/* This check used to be for (t < 0) but on some platforms
		 * time_t is unsigned and apparently the proper way to detect
		 * an mktime() error return is the cast above.  See e.g.:
		 * http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695299/functions/mktime.html
		 */
		goto error;
	}
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("t1=%ld (utc), t2=%ld (local)", (long) t1, (long) t2));

	/* Compute final offset in seconds, positive if local time ahead of
	 * UTC (returned value is UTC-to-local offset).
	 *
	 * difftime() returns a double, so coercion to int generates quite
	 * a lot of code.  Direct subtraction is not portable, however.
	 * XXX: allow direct subtraction on known platforms.
	 */
#if 0
	return (duk_int_t) (t2 - t1);
#endif
	return (duk_int_t) difftime(t2, t1);

 error:
	/* XXX: return something more useful, so that caller can throw? */
	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("mktime() failed, d=%lf", (double) d));
	return 0;
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_DATE_TZO_GMTIME */

#if defined(DUK_USE_DATE_PRS_STRPTIME)
DUK_INTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_bi_date_parse_string_strptime(duk_context *ctx, const char *str) {
	struct tm tm;
	time_t t;
	char buf[DUK__STRPTIME_BUF_SIZE];

	/* copy to buffer with spare to avoid Valgrind gripes from strptime */
	DUK_ASSERT(str != NULL);
	DUK_MEMZERO(buf, sizeof(buf));  /* valgrind whine without this */
	DUK_SNPRINTF(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s", (const char *) str);
	buf[sizeof(buf) - 1] = (char) 0;

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("parsing: '%s'", (const char *) buf));

	DUK_MEMZERO(&tm, sizeof(tm));
	if (strptime((const char *) buf, "%c", &tm) != NULL) {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("before mktime: tm={sec:%ld,min:%ld,hour:%ld,mday:%ld,mon:%ld,year:%ld,"
		                     "wday:%ld,yday:%ld,isdst:%ld}",
		                     (long) tm.tm_sec, (long) tm.tm_min, (long) tm.tm_hour,
		                     (long) tm.tm_mday, (long) tm.tm_mon, (long) tm.tm_year,
		                     (long) tm.tm_wday, (long) tm.tm_yday, (long) tm.tm_isdst));
		tm.tm_isdst = -1;  /* negative: dst info not available */

		t = mktime(&tm);
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("mktime() -> %ld", (long) t));
		if (t >= 0) {
			duk_push_number(ctx, ((duk_double_t) t) * 1000.0);
			return 1;
		}
	}

	return 0;
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_DATE_PRS_STRPTIME */

#if defined(DUK_USE_DATE_PRS_GETDATE)
DUK_INTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_bi_date_parse_string_getdate(duk_context *ctx, const char *str) {
	struct tm tm;
	duk_small_int_t rc;
	time_t t;

	/* For this to work, DATEMSK must be set, so this is not very
	 * convenient for an embeddable interpreter.
	 */

	DUK_MEMZERO(&tm, sizeof(struct tm));
	rc = (duk_small_int_t) getdate_r(str, &tm);
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("getdate_r() -> %ld", (long) rc));

	if (rc == 0) {
		t = mktime(&tm);
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("mktime() -> %ld", (long) t));
		if (t >= 0) {
			duk_push_number(ctx, (duk_double_t) t);
			return 1;
		}
	}

	return 0;
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_DATE_PRS_GETDATE */

#if defined(DUK_USE_DATE_FMT_STRFTIME)
DUK_INTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_bi_date_format_parts_strftime(duk_context *ctx, duk_int_t *parts, duk_int_t tzoffset, duk_small_uint_t flags) {
	char buf[DUK__STRFTIME_BUF_SIZE];
	struct tm tm;
	const char *fmt;

	DUK_UNREF(tzoffset);

	/* If the platform doesn't support the entire Ecmascript range, we need
	 * to return 0 so that the caller can fall back to the default formatter.
	 *
	 * For now, assume that if time_t is 8 bytes or more, the whole Ecmascript
	 * range is supported.  For smaller time_t values (4 bytes in practice),
	 * assumes that the signed 32-bit range is supported.
	 *
	 * XXX: detect this more correctly per platform.  The size of time_t is
	 * probably not an accurate guarantee of strftime() supporting or not
	 * supporting a large time range (the full Ecmascript range).
	 */
	if (sizeof(time_t) < 8 &&
	   (parts[DUK_DATE_IDX_YEAR] < 1970 || parts[DUK_DATE_IDX_YEAR] > 2037)) {
		/* be paranoid for 32-bit time values (even avoiding negative ones) */
		return 0;
	}

	DUK_MEMZERO(&tm, sizeof(tm));
	tm.tm_sec = parts[DUK_DATE_IDX_SECOND];
	tm.tm_min = parts[DUK_DATE_IDX_MINUTE];
	tm.tm_hour = parts[DUK_DATE_IDX_HOUR];
	tm.tm_mday = parts[DUK_DATE_IDX_DAY];       /* already one-based */
	tm.tm_mon = parts[DUK_DATE_IDX_MONTH] - 1;  /* one-based -> zero-based */
	tm.tm_year = parts[DUK_DATE_IDX_YEAR] - 1900;
	tm.tm_wday = parts[DUK_DATE_IDX_WEEKDAY];
	tm.tm_isdst = 0;

	DUK_MEMZERO(buf, sizeof(buf));
	if ((flags & DUK_DATE_FLAG_TOSTRING_DATE) && (flags & DUK_DATE_FLAG_TOSTRING_TIME)) {
		fmt = "%c";
	} else if (flags & DUK_DATE_FLAG_TOSTRING_DATE) {
		fmt = "%x";
	} else {
		DUK_ASSERT(flags & DUK_DATE_FLAG_TOSTRING_TIME);
		fmt = "%X";
	}
	(void) strftime(buf, sizeof(buf) - 1, fmt, &tm);
	DUK_ASSERT(buf[sizeof(buf) - 1] == 0);

	duk_push_string(ctx, buf);
	return 1;
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_DATE_FMT_STRFTIME */

#undef DUK__STRPTIME_BUF_SIZE
#undef DUK__STRFTIME_BUF_SIZE
/*
 *  Windows Date providers
 *
 *  Platform specific links:
 *
 *    - http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms725473(v=vs.85).aspx
 */

/* include removed: duk_internal.h */

/* The necessary #includes are in place in duk_config.h. */

#if defined(DUK_USE_DATE_NOW_WINDOWS) || defined(DUK_USE_DATE_TZO_WINDOWS)
/* Shared Windows helpers. */
DUK_LOCAL void duk__convert_systime_to_ularge(const SYSTEMTIME *st, ULARGE_INTEGER *res) {
	FILETIME ft;
	if (SystemTimeToFileTime(st, &ft) == 0) {
		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("SystemTimeToFileTime() failed, returning 0"));
		res->QuadPart = 0;
	} else {
		res->LowPart = ft.dwLowDateTime;
		res->HighPart = ft.dwHighDateTime;
	}
}
DUK_LOCAL void duk__set_systime_jan1970(SYSTEMTIME *st) {
	DUK_MEMZERO((void *) st, sizeof(*st));
	st->wYear = 1970;
	st->wMonth = 1;
	st->wDayOfWeek = 4;  /* not sure whether or not needed; Thursday */
	st->wDay = 1;
	DUK_ASSERT(st->wHour == 0);
	DUK_ASSERT(st->wMinute == 0);
	DUK_ASSERT(st->wSecond == 0);
	DUK_ASSERT(st->wMilliseconds == 0);
}
#endif  /* defined(DUK_USE_DATE_NOW_WINDOWS) || defined(DUK_USE_DATE_TZO_WINDOWS) */

#ifdef DUK_USE_DATE_NOW_WINDOWS
DUK_INTERNAL duk_double_t duk_bi_date_get_now_windows(duk_context *ctx) {
	/* Suggested step-by-step method from documentation of RtlTimeToSecondsSince1970:
	 * http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms724928(v=vs.85).aspx
	 */
	SYSTEMTIME st1, st2;
	ULARGE_INTEGER tmp1, tmp2;

	DUK_UNREF(ctx);

	GetSystemTime(&st1);
	duk__convert_systime_to_ularge((const SYSTEMTIME *) &st1, &tmp1);

	duk__set_systime_jan1970(&st2);
	duk__convert_systime_to_ularge((const SYSTEMTIME *) &st2, &tmp2);

	/* Difference is in 100ns units, convert to milliseconds w/o fractions */
	return (duk_double_t) ((tmp1.QuadPart - tmp2.QuadPart) / 10000LL);
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_DATE_NOW_WINDOWS */


#if defined(DUK_USE_DATE_TZO_WINDOWS)
DUK_INTERNAL_DECL duk_int_t duk_bi_date_get_local_tzoffset_windows(duk_double_t d) {
	SYSTEMTIME st1;
	SYSTEMTIME st2;
	SYSTEMTIME st3;
	ULARGE_INTEGER tmp1;
	ULARGE_INTEGER tmp2;
	ULARGE_INTEGER tmp3;
	FILETIME ft1;

	/* XXX: handling of timestamps outside Windows supported range.
	 * How does Windows deal with dates before 1600?  Does windows
	 * support all Ecmascript years (like -200000 and +200000)?
	 * Should equivalent year mapping be used here too?  If so, use
	 * a shared helper (currently integrated into timeval-to-parts).
	 */

	/* Use the approach described in "Remarks" of FileTimeToLocalFileTime:
	 * http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms724277(v=vs.85).aspx
	 */

	duk__set_systime_jan1970(&st1);
	duk__convert_systime_to_ularge((const SYSTEMTIME *) &st1, &tmp1);
	tmp2.QuadPart = (ULONGLONG) (d * 10000.0);  /* millisec -> 100ns units since jan 1, 1970 */
	tmp2.QuadPart += tmp1.QuadPart;             /* input 'd' in Windows UTC, 100ns units */

	ft1.dwLowDateTime = tmp2.LowPart;
	ft1.dwHighDateTime = tmp2.HighPart;
	FileTimeToSystemTime((const FILETIME *) &ft1, &st2);
	if (SystemTimeToTzSpecificLocalTime((LPTIME_ZONE_INFORMATION) NULL, &st2, &st3) == 0) {
		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("SystemTimeToTzSpecificLocalTime() failed, return tzoffset 0"));
		return 0;
	}
	duk__convert_systime_to_ularge((const SYSTEMTIME *) &st3, &tmp3);

	/* Positive if local time ahead of UTC. */
	return (duk_int_t) (((LONGLONG) tmp3.QuadPart - (LONGLONG) tmp2.QuadPart) / 10000000LL);  /* seconds */
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_DATE_TZO_WINDOWS */
/*
 *  Duktape built-ins
 *
 *  Size optimization note: it might seem that vararg multipurpose functions
 *  like fin(), enc(), and dec() are not very size optimal, but using a single
 *  user-visible Ecmascript function saves a lot of run-time footprint; each
 *  Function instance takes >100 bytes.  Using a shared native helper and a
 *  'magic' value won't save much if there are multiple Function instances
 *  anyway.
 */

/* include removed: duk_internal.h */

/* Raw helper to extract internal information / statistics about a value.
 * The return values are version specific and must not expose anything
 * that would lead to security issues (e.g. exposing compiled function
 * 'data' buffer might be an issue).  Currently only counts and sizes and
 * such are given so there should not be a security impact.
 */
DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_duktape_object_info(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_tval *tv;
	duk_heaphdr *h;
	duk_int_t i, n;

	DUK_UNREF(thr);

	/* result array */
	duk_push_array(ctx);  /* -> [ val arr ] */

	/* type tag (public) */
	duk_push_int(ctx, duk_get_type(ctx, 0));

	/* address */
	tv = duk_get_tval(ctx, 0);
	DUK_ASSERT(tv != NULL);  /* because arg count is 1 */
	if (DUK_TVAL_IS_HEAP_ALLOCATED(tv)) {
		h = DUK_TVAL_GET_HEAPHDR(tv);
		duk_push_pointer(ctx, (void *) h);
	} else {
		/* internal type tag */
		duk_push_int(ctx, (duk_int_t) DUK_TVAL_GET_TAG(tv));
		goto done;
	}
	DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);

	/* refcount */
#ifdef DUK_USE_REFERENCE_COUNTING
	duk_push_size_t(ctx, DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_REFCOUNT(h));
#else
	duk_push_undefined(ctx);
#endif

	/* heaphdr size and additional allocation size, followed by
	 * type specific stuff (with varying value count)
	 */
	switch ((duk_small_int_t) DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_TYPE(h)) {
	case DUK_HTYPE_STRING: {
		duk_hstring *h_str = (duk_hstring *) h;
		duk_push_uint(ctx, (duk_uint_t) (sizeof(duk_hstring) + DUK_HSTRING_GET_BYTELEN(h_str) + 1));
		break;
	}
	case DUK_HTYPE_OBJECT: {
		duk_hobject *h_obj = (duk_hobject *) h;
		duk_small_uint_t hdr_size;
		if (DUK_HOBJECT_IS_COMPILEDFUNCTION(h_obj)) {
			hdr_size = (duk_small_uint_t) sizeof(duk_hcompiledfunction);
		} else if (DUK_HOBJECT_IS_NATIVEFUNCTION(h_obj)) {
			hdr_size = (duk_small_uint_t) sizeof(duk_hnativefunction);
		} else if (DUK_HOBJECT_IS_THREAD(h_obj)) {
			hdr_size = (duk_small_uint_t) sizeof(duk_hthread);
#if defined(DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT)
		} else if (DUK_HOBJECT_IS_BUFFEROBJECT(h_obj)) {
			hdr_size = (duk_small_uint_t) sizeof(duk_hbufferobject);
#endif
		} else {
			hdr_size = (duk_small_uint_t) sizeof(duk_hobject);
		}
		duk_push_uint(ctx, (duk_uint_t) hdr_size);
		duk_push_uint(ctx, (duk_uint_t) DUK_HOBJECT_P_ALLOC_SIZE(h_obj));
		duk_push_uint(ctx, (duk_uint_t) DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ESIZE(h_obj));
		/* Note: e_next indicates the number of gc-reachable entries
		 * in the entry part, and also indicates the index where the
		 * next new property would be inserted.  It does *not* indicate
		 * the number of non-NULL keys present in the object.  That
		 * value could be counted separately but requires a pass through
		 * the key list.
		 */
		duk_push_uint(ctx, (duk_uint_t) DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ENEXT(h_obj));
		duk_push_uint(ctx, (duk_uint_t) DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ASIZE(h_obj));
		duk_push_uint(ctx, (duk_uint_t) DUK_HOBJECT_GET_HSIZE(h_obj));
		if (DUK_HOBJECT_IS_COMPILEDFUNCTION(h_obj)) {
			duk_hbuffer *h_data = (duk_hbuffer *) DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_DATA(thr->heap, (duk_hcompiledfunction *) h_obj);
			if (h_data) {
				duk_push_uint(ctx, (duk_uint_t) DUK_HBUFFER_GET_SIZE(h_data));
			} else {
				duk_push_uint(ctx, 0);
			}
		}
		break;
	}
	case DUK_HTYPE_BUFFER: {
		duk_hbuffer *h_buf = (duk_hbuffer *) h;
		if (DUK_HBUFFER_HAS_DYNAMIC(h_buf)) {
			if (DUK_HBUFFER_HAS_EXTERNAL(h_buf)) {
				duk_push_uint(ctx, (duk_uint_t) (sizeof(duk_hbuffer_external)));
			} else {
				/* When alloc_size == 0 the second allocation may not
				 * actually exist.
				 */
				duk_push_uint(ctx, (duk_uint_t) (sizeof(duk_hbuffer_dynamic)));
			}
			duk_push_uint(ctx, (duk_uint_t) (DUK_HBUFFER_GET_SIZE(h_buf)));
		} else {
			duk_push_uint(ctx, (duk_uint_t) (sizeof(duk_hbuffer_fixed) + DUK_HBUFFER_GET_SIZE(h_buf) + 1));
		}
		break;

	}
	}

 done:
	/* set values into ret array */
	/* XXX: primitive to make array from valstack slice */
	n = duk_get_top(ctx);
	for (i = 2; i < n; i++) {
		duk_dup(ctx, i);
		duk_put_prop_index(ctx, 1, i - 2);
	}
	duk_dup(ctx, 1);
	return 1;
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_duktape_object_act(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_activation *act;
	duk_uint_fast32_t pc;
	duk_uint_fast32_t line;
	duk_int_t level;

	/* -1             = top callstack entry, callstack[callstack_top - 1]
	 * -callstack_top = bottom callstack entry, callstack[0]
	 */
	level = duk_to_int(ctx, 0);
	if (level >= 0 || -level > (duk_int_t) thr->callstack_top) {
		return 0;
	}
	DUK_ASSERT(level >= -((duk_int_t) thr->callstack_top) && level <= -1);
	act = thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top + level;

	duk_push_object(ctx);

	duk_push_tval(ctx, &act->tv_func);

	/* Relevant PC is just before current one because PC is
	 * post-incremented.  This should match what error augment
	 * code does.
	 */
	pc = duk_hthread_get_act_prev_pc(thr, act);
	duk_push_uint(ctx, (duk_uint_t) pc);

#if defined(DUK_USE_PC2LINE)
	line = duk_hobject_pc2line_query(ctx, -2, pc);
#else
	line = 0;
#endif
	duk_push_uint(ctx, (duk_uint_t) line);

	/* Providing access to e.g. act->lex_env would be dangerous: these
	 * internal structures must never be accessible to the application.
	 * Duktape relies on them having consistent data, and this consistency
	 * is only asserted for, not checked for.
	 */

	/* [ level obj func pc line ] */

	/* XXX: version specific array format instead? */
	duk_xdef_prop_stridx_wec(ctx, -4, DUK_STRIDX_LINE_NUMBER);
	duk_xdef_prop_stridx_wec(ctx, -3, DUK_STRIDX_PC);
	duk_xdef_prop_stridx_wec(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_LC_FUNCTION);
	return 1;
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_duktape_object_gc(duk_context *ctx) {
#ifdef DUK_USE_MARK_AND_SWEEP
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_small_uint_t flags;
	duk_bool_t rc;

	flags = (duk_small_uint_t) duk_get_uint(ctx, 0);
	rc = duk_heap_mark_and_sweep(thr->heap, flags);

	/* XXX: Not sure what the best return value would be in the API.
	 * Return a boolean for now.  Note that rc == 0 is success (true).
	 */
	duk_push_boolean(ctx, !rc);
	return 1;
#else
	DUK_UNREF(ctx);
	return 0;
#endif
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_duktape_object_fin(duk_context *ctx) {
	(void) duk_require_hobject(ctx, 0);
	if (duk_get_top(ctx) >= 2) {
		/* Set: currently a finalizer is disabled by setting it to
		 * undefined; this does not remove the property at the moment.
		 * The value could be type checked to be either a function
		 * or something else; if something else, the property could
		 * be deleted.
		 */
		duk_set_top(ctx, 2);
		(void) duk_put_prop_stridx(ctx, 0, DUK_STRIDX_INT_FINALIZER);
		return 0;
	} else {
		/* Get. */
		DUK_ASSERT(duk_get_top(ctx) == 1);
		duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, 0, DUK_STRIDX_INT_FINALIZER);
		return 1;
	}
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_duktape_object_enc(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_hstring *h_str;

	DUK_UNREF(thr);

	/* Vararg function: must be careful to check/require arguments.
	 * The JSON helpers accept invalid indices and treat them like
	 * non-existent optional parameters.
	 */

	h_str = duk_require_hstring(ctx, 0);
	duk_require_valid_index(ctx, 1);

	if (h_str == DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_HEX(thr)) {
		duk_set_top(ctx, 2);
		duk_hex_encode(ctx, 1);
		DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, 2);
	} else if (h_str == DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_BASE64(thr)) {
		duk_set_top(ctx, 2);
		duk_base64_encode(ctx, 1);
		DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, 2);
#ifdef DUK_USE_JX
	} else if (h_str == DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_JX(thr)) {
		duk_bi_json_stringify_helper(ctx,
		                             1 /*idx_value*/,
		                             2 /*idx_replacer*/,
		                             3 /*idx_space*/,
		                             DUK_JSON_FLAG_EXT_CUSTOM |
		                             DUK_JSON_FLAG_ASCII_ONLY |
		                             DUK_JSON_FLAG_AVOID_KEY_QUOTES /*flags*/);
#endif
#ifdef DUK_USE_JC
	} else if (h_str == DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_JC(thr)) {
		duk_bi_json_stringify_helper(ctx,
		                             1 /*idx_value*/,
		                             2 /*idx_replacer*/,
		                             3 /*idx_space*/,
		                             DUK_JSON_FLAG_EXT_COMPATIBLE |
		                             DUK_JSON_FLAG_ASCII_ONLY /*flags*/);
#endif
	} else {
		return DUK_RET_TYPE_ERROR;
	}
	return 1;
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_duktape_object_dec(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_hstring *h_str;

	DUK_UNREF(thr);

	/* Vararg function: must be careful to check/require arguments.
	 * The JSON helpers accept invalid indices and treat them like
	 * non-existent optional parameters.
	 */

	h_str = duk_require_hstring(ctx, 0);
	duk_require_valid_index(ctx, 1);

	if (h_str == DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_HEX(thr)) {
		duk_set_top(ctx, 2);
		duk_hex_decode(ctx, 1);
		DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, 2);
	} else if (h_str == DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_BASE64(thr)) {
		duk_set_top(ctx, 2);
		duk_base64_decode(ctx, 1);
		DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, 2);
#ifdef DUK_USE_JX
	} else if (h_str == DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_JX(thr)) {
		duk_bi_json_parse_helper(ctx,
		                         1 /*idx_value*/,
		                         2 /*idx_replacer*/,
		                         DUK_JSON_FLAG_EXT_CUSTOM /*flags*/);
#endif
#ifdef DUK_USE_JC
	} else if (h_str == DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_JC(thr)) {
		duk_bi_json_parse_helper(ctx,
		                         1 /*idx_value*/,
		                         2 /*idx_replacer*/,
		                         DUK_JSON_FLAG_EXT_COMPATIBLE /*flags*/);
#endif
	} else {
		return DUK_RET_TYPE_ERROR;
	}
	return 1;
}

/*
 *  Compact an object
 */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_duktape_object_compact(duk_context *ctx) {
	DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, 1);
	duk_compact(ctx, 0);
	return 1;  /* return the argument object */
}
/*
 *  Error built-ins
 */

/* include removed: duk_internal.h */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_error_constructor_shared(duk_context *ctx) {
	/* Behavior for constructor and non-constructor call is
	 * the same except for augmenting the created error.  When
	 * called as a constructor, the caller (duk_new()) will handle
	 * augmentation; when called as normal function, we need to do
	 * it here.
	 */

	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_small_int_t bidx_prototype = duk_get_current_magic(ctx);

	/* same for both error and each subclass like TypeError */
	duk_uint_t flags_and_class = DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXTENSIBLE |
	                             DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_AS_FLAGS(DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_ERROR);

	DUK_UNREF(thr);

	duk_push_object_helper(ctx, flags_and_class, bidx_prototype);

	/* If message is undefined, the own property 'message' is not set at
	 * all to save property space.  An empty message is inherited anyway.
	 */
	if (!duk_is_undefined(ctx, 0)) {
		duk_to_string(ctx, 0);
		duk_dup(ctx, 0);  /* [ message error message ] */
		duk_xdef_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_MESSAGE, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_WC);
	}

	/* Augment the error if called as a normal function.  __FILE__ and __LINE__
	 * are not desirable in this case.
	 */

#ifdef DUK_USE_AUGMENT_ERROR_CREATE
	if (!duk_is_constructor_call(ctx)) {
		duk_err_augment_error_create(thr, thr, NULL, 0, 1 /*noblame_fileline*/);
	}
#endif

	return 1;
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_error_prototype_to_string(duk_context *ctx) {
	/* XXX: optimize with more direct internal access */

	duk_push_this(ctx);
	(void) duk_require_hobject_or_lfunc_coerce(ctx, -1);

	/* [ ... this ] */

	duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, -1, DUK_STRIDX_NAME);
	if (duk_is_undefined(ctx, -1)) {
		duk_pop(ctx);
		duk_push_string(ctx, "Error");
	} else {
		duk_to_string(ctx, -1);
	}

	/* [ ... this name ] */

	/* XXX: Are steps 6 and 7 in E5 Section 15.11.4.4 duplicated by
	 * accident or are they actually needed?  The first ToString()
	 * could conceivably return 'undefined'.
	 */
	duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_MESSAGE);
	if (duk_is_undefined(ctx, -1)) {
		duk_pop(ctx);
		duk_push_string(ctx, "");
	} else {
		duk_to_string(ctx, -1);
	}

	/* [ ... this name message ] */

	if (duk_get_length(ctx, -2) == 0) {
		/* name is empty -> return message */
		return 1;
	}
	if (duk_get_length(ctx, -1) == 0) {
		/* message is empty -> return name */
		duk_pop(ctx);
		return 1;
	}
	duk_push_string(ctx, ": ");
	duk_insert(ctx, -2);  /* ... name ': ' message */
	duk_concat(ctx, 3);

	return 1;
}

#if defined(DUK_USE_TRACEBACKS)

/*
 *  Traceback handling
 *
 *  The unified helper decodes the traceback and produces various requested
 *  outputs.  It should be optimized for size, and may leave garbage on stack,
 *  only the topmost return value matters.  For instance, traceback separator
 *  and decoded strings are pushed even when looking for filename only.
 *
 *  NOTE: although _Tracedata is an internal property, user code can currently
 *  write to the array (or replace it with something other than an array).
 *  The code below must tolerate arbitrary _Tracedata.  It can throw errors
 *  etc, but cannot cause a segfault or memory unsafe behavior.
 */

/* constants arbitrary, chosen for small loads */
#define DUK__OUTPUT_TYPE_TRACEBACK   (-1)
#define DUK__OUTPUT_TYPE_FILENAME    0
#define DUK__OUTPUT_TYPE_LINENUMBER  1

DUK_LOCAL duk_ret_t duk__error_getter_helper(duk_context *ctx, duk_small_int_t output_type) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_idx_t idx_td;
	duk_small_int_t i;  /* traceback depth fits into 16 bits */
	duk_small_int_t t;  /* stack type fits into 16 bits */
	duk_small_int_t count_func = 0;  /* traceback depth ensures fits into 16 bits */
	const char *str_tailcall = " tailcall";
	const char *str_strict = " strict";
	const char *str_construct = " construct";
	const char *str_prevyield = " preventsyield";
	const char *str_directeval = " directeval";
	const char *str_empty = "";

	DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, 0);  /* fixed arg count */
	DUK_UNREF(thr);

	duk_push_this(ctx);
	duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, -1, DUK_STRIDX_INT_TRACEDATA);
	idx_td = duk_get_top_index(ctx);

	duk_push_hstring_stridx(ctx, DUK_STRIDX_NEWLINE_4SPACE);
	duk_push_this(ctx);

	/* [ ... this tracedata sep this ] */

	/* XXX: skip null filename? */

	if (duk_check_type(ctx, idx_td, DUK_TYPE_OBJECT)) {
		/* Current tracedata contains 2 entries per callstack entry. */
		for (i = 0; ; i += 2) {
			duk_int_t pc;
			duk_int_t line;
			duk_int_t flags;
			duk_double_t d;
			const char *funcname;
			const char *filename;
			duk_hobject *h_func;
			duk_hstring *h_name;

			duk_require_stack(ctx, 5);
			duk_get_prop_index(ctx, idx_td, i);
			duk_get_prop_index(ctx, idx_td, i + 1);
			d = duk_to_number(ctx, -1);
			pc = (duk_int_t) DUK_FMOD(d, DUK_DOUBLE_2TO32);
			flags = (duk_int_t) DUK_FLOOR(d / DUK_DOUBLE_2TO32);
			t = (duk_small_int_t) duk_get_type(ctx, -2);

			if (t == DUK_TYPE_OBJECT || t == DUK_TYPE_LIGHTFUNC) {
				/*
				 *  Ecmascript/native function call or lightfunc call
				 */

				count_func++;

				/* [ ... v1(func) v2(pc+flags) ] */

				h_func = duk_get_hobject(ctx, -2);  /* NULL for lightfunc */

				duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_NAME);
				duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, -3, DUK_STRIDX_FILE_NAME);

#if defined(DUK_USE_PC2LINE)
				line = duk_hobject_pc2line_query(ctx, -4, (duk_uint_fast32_t) pc);
#else
				line = 0;
#endif

				/* [ ... v1 v2 name filename ] */

				/* When looking for .fileName/.lineNumber, blame first
				 * function which has a .fileName.
				 */
				if (duk_is_string(ctx, -1)) {
					if (output_type == DUK__OUTPUT_TYPE_FILENAME) {
						return 1;
					} else if (output_type == DUK__OUTPUT_TYPE_LINENUMBER) {
						duk_push_int(ctx, line);
						return 1;
					}
				}

				/* XXX: Change 'anon' handling here too, to use empty string for anonymous functions? */
				/* XXX: Could be improved by coercing to a readable duk_tval (especially string escaping) */
				h_name = duk_get_hstring(ctx, -2);  /* may be NULL */
				funcname = (h_name == NULL || h_name == DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_EMPTY_STRING(thr)) ?
				           "[anon]" : (const char *) DUK_HSTRING_GET_DATA(h_name);
				filename = duk_get_string(ctx, -1);
				filename = filename ? filename : "";
				DUK_ASSERT(funcname != NULL);
				DUK_ASSERT(filename != NULL);

				if (h_func == NULL) {
					duk_push_sprintf(ctx, "at %s light%s%s%s%s%s",
					                 (const char *) funcname,
					                 (const char *) ((flags & DUK_ACT_FLAG_STRICT) ? str_strict : str_empty),
					                 (const char *) ((flags & DUK_ACT_FLAG_TAILCALLED) ? str_tailcall : str_empty),
					                 (const char *) ((flags & DUK_ACT_FLAG_CONSTRUCT) ? str_construct : str_empty),
					                 (const char *) ((flags & DUK_ACT_FLAG_DIRECT_EVAL) ? str_directeval : str_empty),
					                 (const char *) ((flags & DUK_ACT_FLAG_PREVENT_YIELD) ? str_prevyield : str_empty));
				} else if (DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_NATIVEFUNCTION(h_func)) {
					duk_push_sprintf(ctx, "at %s (%s) native%s%s%s%s%s",
					                 (const char *) funcname,
					                 (const char *) filename,
					                 (const char *) ((flags & DUK_ACT_FLAG_STRICT) ? str_strict : str_empty),
					                 (const char *) ((flags & DUK_ACT_FLAG_TAILCALLED) ? str_tailcall : str_empty),
					                 (const char *) ((flags & DUK_ACT_FLAG_CONSTRUCT) ? str_construct : str_empty),
					                 (const char *) ((flags & DUK_ACT_FLAG_DIRECT_EVAL) ? str_directeval : str_empty),
					                 (const char *) ((flags & DUK_ACT_FLAG_PREVENT_YIELD) ? str_prevyield : str_empty));
				} else {
					duk_push_sprintf(ctx, "at %s (%s:%ld)%s%s%s%s%s",
					                 (const char *) funcname,
					                 (const char *) filename,
					                 (long) line,
					                 (const char *) ((flags & DUK_ACT_FLAG_STRICT) ? str_strict : str_empty),
					                 (const char *) ((flags & DUK_ACT_FLAG_TAILCALLED) ? str_tailcall : str_empty),
					                 (const char *) ((flags & DUK_ACT_FLAG_CONSTRUCT) ? str_construct : str_empty),
					                 (const char *) ((flags & DUK_ACT_FLAG_DIRECT_EVAL) ? str_directeval : str_empty),
					                 (const char *) ((flags & DUK_ACT_FLAG_PREVENT_YIELD) ? str_prevyield : str_empty));
				}
				duk_replace(ctx, -5);   /* [ ... v1 v2 name filename str ] -> [ ... str v2 name filename ] */
				duk_pop_n(ctx, 3);      /* -> [ ... str ] */
			} else if (t == DUK_TYPE_STRING) {
				/*
				 *  __FILE__ / __LINE__ entry, here 'pc' is line number directly.
				 *  Sometimes __FILE__ / __LINE__ is reported as the source for
				 *  the error (fileName, lineNumber), sometimes not.
				 */

				/* [ ... v1(filename) v2(line+flags) ] */

				/* When looking for .fileName/.lineNumber, blame compilation
				 * or C call site unless flagged not to do so.
				 */
				if (!(flags & DUK_TB_FLAG_NOBLAME_FILELINE)) {
					if (output_type == DUK__OUTPUT_TYPE_FILENAME) {
						duk_pop(ctx);
						return 1;
					} else if (output_type == DUK__OUTPUT_TYPE_LINENUMBER) {
						duk_push_int(ctx, pc);
						return 1;
					}
				}

				duk_push_sprintf(ctx, "at [anon] (%s:%ld) internal",
				                 (const char *) duk_get_string(ctx, -2), (long) pc);
				duk_replace(ctx, -3);  /* [ ... v1 v2 str ] -> [ ... str v2 ] */
				duk_pop(ctx);          /* -> [ ... str ] */
			} else {
				/* unknown, ignore */
				duk_pop_2(ctx);
				break;
			}
		}

		if (count_func >= DUK_USE_TRACEBACK_DEPTH) {
			/* Possibly truncated; there is no explicit truncation
			 * marker so this is the best we can do.
			 */

			duk_push_hstring_stridx(ctx, DUK_STRIDX_BRACKETED_ELLIPSIS);
		}
	}

	/* [ ... this tracedata sep this str1 ... strN ] */

	if (output_type != DUK__OUTPUT_TYPE_TRACEBACK) {
		return 0;
	} else {
		/* The 'this' after 'sep' will get ToString() coerced by
		 * duk_join() automatically.  We don't want to do that
		 * coercion when providing .fileName or .lineNumber (GH-254).
		 */
		duk_join(ctx, duk_get_top(ctx) - (idx_td + 2) /*count, not including sep*/);
		return 1;
	}
}

/* XXX: Output type could be encoded into native function 'magic' value to
 * save space.  For setters the stridx could be encoded into 'magic'.
 */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_error_prototype_stack_getter(duk_context *ctx) {
	return duk__error_getter_helper(ctx, DUK__OUTPUT_TYPE_TRACEBACK);
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_error_prototype_filename_getter(duk_context *ctx) {
	return duk__error_getter_helper(ctx, DUK__OUTPUT_TYPE_FILENAME);
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_error_prototype_linenumber_getter(duk_context *ctx) {
	return duk__error_getter_helper(ctx, DUK__OUTPUT_TYPE_LINENUMBER);
}

#undef DUK__OUTPUT_TYPE_TRACEBACK
#undef DUK__OUTPUT_TYPE_FILENAME
#undef DUK__OUTPUT_TYPE_LINENUMBER

#else  /* DUK_USE_TRACEBACKS */

/*
 *  Traceback handling when tracebacks disabled.
 *
 *  The fileName / lineNumber stubs are now necessary because built-in
 *  data will include the accessor properties in Error.prototype.  If those
 *  are removed for builds without tracebacks, these can also be removed.
 *  'stack' should still be present and produce a ToString() equivalent:
 *  this is useful for user code which prints a stacktrace and expects to
 *  see something useful.  A normal stacktrace also begins with a ToString()
 *  of the error so this makes sense.
 */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_error_prototype_stack_getter(duk_context *ctx) {
	/* XXX: remove this native function and map 'stack' accessor
	 * to the toString() implementation directly.
	 */
	return duk_bi_error_prototype_to_string(ctx);
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_error_prototype_filename_getter(duk_context *ctx) {
	DUK_UNREF(ctx);
	return 0;
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_error_prototype_linenumber_getter(duk_context *ctx) {
	DUK_UNREF(ctx);
	return 0;
}

#endif  /* DUK_USE_TRACEBACKS */

DUK_LOCAL duk_ret_t duk__error_setter_helper(duk_context *ctx, duk_small_uint_t stridx_key) {
	/* Attempt to write 'stack', 'fileName', 'lineNumber' works as if
	 * user code called Object.defineProperty() to create an overriding
	 * own property.  This allows user code to overwrite .fileName etc
	 * intuitively as e.g. "err.fileName = 'dummy'" as one might expect.
	 * See https://github.com/svaarala/duktape/issues/387.
	 */

	DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, 1);  /* fixed arg count: value */

	duk_push_this(ctx);
	duk_push_hstring_stridx(ctx, (duk_small_int_t) stridx_key);
	duk_dup(ctx, 0);

	/* [ ... obj key value ] */

	DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("error setter: %!T %!T %!T",
	                   duk_get_tval(ctx, -3), duk_get_tval(ctx, -2), duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));

	duk_def_prop(ctx, -3, DUK_DEFPROP_HAVE_VALUE |
	                      DUK_DEFPROP_HAVE_WRITABLE | DUK_DEFPROP_WRITABLE |
	                      DUK_DEFPROP_HAVE_ENUMERABLE | /*not enumerable*/
	                      DUK_DEFPROP_HAVE_CONFIGURABLE | DUK_DEFPROP_CONFIGURABLE);
	return 0;
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_error_prototype_stack_setter(duk_context *ctx) {
	return duk__error_setter_helper(ctx, DUK_STRIDX_STACK);
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_error_prototype_filename_setter(duk_context *ctx) {
	return duk__error_setter_helper(ctx, DUK_STRIDX_FILE_NAME);
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_error_prototype_linenumber_setter(duk_context *ctx) {
	return duk__error_setter_helper(ctx, DUK_STRIDX_LINE_NUMBER);
}
/*
 *  Function built-ins
 */

/* include removed: duk_internal.h */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_function_constructor(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_hstring *h_sourcecode;
	duk_idx_t nargs;
	duk_idx_t i;
	duk_small_uint_t comp_flags;
	duk_hcompiledfunction *func;
	duk_hobject *outer_lex_env;
	duk_hobject *outer_var_env;

	/* normal and constructor calls have identical semantics */

	nargs = duk_get_top(ctx);
	for (i = 0; i < nargs; i++) {
		duk_to_string(ctx, i);
	}

	if (nargs == 0) {
		duk_push_string(ctx, "");
		duk_push_string(ctx, "");
	} else if (nargs == 1) {
		/* XXX: cover this with the generic >1 case? */
		duk_push_string(ctx, "");
	} else {
		duk_insert(ctx, 0);   /* [ arg1 ... argN-1 body] -> [body arg1 ... argN-1] */
		duk_push_string(ctx, ",");
		duk_insert(ctx, 1);
		duk_join(ctx, nargs - 1);
	}

	/* [ body formals ], formals is comma separated list that needs to be parsed */

	DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, 2);

	/* XXX: this placeholder is not always correct, but use for now.
	 * It will fail in corner cases; see test-dev-func-cons-args.js.
	 */
	duk_push_string(ctx, "function(");
	duk_dup(ctx, 1);
	duk_push_string(ctx, "){");
	duk_dup(ctx, 0);
	duk_push_string(ctx, "}");
	duk_concat(ctx, 5);

	/* [ body formals source ] */

	DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, 3);

	/* strictness is not inherited, intentional */
	comp_flags = DUK_JS_COMPILE_FLAG_FUNCEXPR;

	duk_push_hstring_stridx(ctx, DUK_STRIDX_COMPILE);  /* XXX: copy from caller? */  /* XXX: ignored now */
	h_sourcecode = duk_require_hstring(ctx, -2);
	duk_js_compile(thr,
	               (const duk_uint8_t *) DUK_HSTRING_GET_DATA(h_sourcecode),
	               (duk_size_t) DUK_HSTRING_GET_BYTELEN(h_sourcecode),
	               comp_flags);
	func = (duk_hcompiledfunction *) duk_get_hobject(ctx, -1);
	DUK_ASSERT(func != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_IS_COMPILEDFUNCTION((duk_hobject *) func));

	/* [ body formals source template ] */

	/* only outer_lex_env matters, as functions always get a new
	 * variable declaration environment.
	 */

	outer_lex_env = thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_GLOBAL_ENV];
	outer_var_env = thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_GLOBAL_ENV];

	duk_js_push_closure(thr, func, outer_var_env, outer_lex_env, 1 /*add_auto_proto*/);

	/* [ body formals source template closure ] */

	return 1;
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_function_prototype(duk_context *ctx) {
	/* ignore arguments, return undefined (E5 Section 15.3.4) */
	DUK_UNREF(ctx);
	return 0;
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_function_prototype_to_string(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_tval *tv;

	/*
	 *  E5 Section 15.3.4.2 places few requirements on the output of
	 *  this function:
	 *
	 *    - The result is an implementation dependent representation
	 *      of the function; in particular
	 *
	 *    - The result must follow the syntax of a FunctionDeclaration.
	 *      In particular, the function must have a name (even in the
	 *      case of an anonymous function or a function with an empty
	 *      name).
	 *
	 *    - Note in particular that the output does NOT need to compile
	 *      into anything useful.
	 */


	/* XXX: faster internal way to get this */
	duk_push_this(ctx);
	tv = duk_get_tval(ctx, -1);
	DUK_ASSERT(tv != NULL);

	if (DUK_TVAL_IS_OBJECT(tv)) {
		duk_hobject *obj = DUK_TVAL_GET_OBJECT(tv);
		const char *func_name;

		/* Function name: missing/undefined is mapped to empty string,
		 * otherwise coerce to string.
		 */
		/* XXX: currently no handling for non-allowed identifier characters,
		 * e.g. a '{' in the function name.
		 */
		duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, -1, DUK_STRIDX_NAME);
		if (duk_is_undefined(ctx, -1)) {
			func_name = "";
		} else {
			func_name = duk_to_string(ctx, -1);
			DUK_ASSERT(func_name != NULL);
		}

		/* Indicate function type in the function body using a dummy
		 * directive.
		 */
		if (DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_COMPILEDFUNCTION(obj)) {
			duk_push_sprintf(ctx, "function %s() {\"ecmascript\"}", (const char *) func_name);
		} else if (DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_NATIVEFUNCTION(obj)) {
			duk_push_sprintf(ctx, "function %s() {\"native\"}", (const char *) func_name);
		} else if (DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_BOUND(obj)) {
			duk_push_sprintf(ctx, "function %s() {\"bound\"}", (const char *) func_name);
		} else {
			goto type_error;
		}
	} else if (DUK_TVAL_IS_LIGHTFUNC(tv)) {
		duk_push_lightfunc_tostring(ctx, tv);
	} else {
		goto type_error;
	}

	return 1;

 type_error:
	return DUK_RET_TYPE_ERROR;
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_function_prototype_apply(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_idx_t len;
	duk_idx_t i;

	DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, 2);  /* not a vararg function */

	duk_push_this(ctx);
	if (!duk_is_callable(ctx, -1)) {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("func is not callable"));
		goto type_error;
	}
	duk_insert(ctx, 0);
	DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, 3);

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("func=%!iT, thisArg=%!iT, argArray=%!iT",
	                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, 0),
	                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, 1),
	                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, 2)));

	/* [ func thisArg argArray ] */

	if (duk_is_null_or_undefined(ctx, 2)) {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("argArray is null/undefined, no args"));
		len = 0;
	} else if (!duk_is_object(ctx, 2)) {
		goto type_error;
	} else {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("argArray is an object"));

		/* XXX: make this an internal helper */
		duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, 2, DUK_STRIDX_LENGTH);
		len = (duk_idx_t) duk_to_uint32(ctx, -1);  /* ToUint32() coercion required */
		duk_pop(ctx);

		duk_require_stack(ctx, len);

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("argArray length is %ld", (long) len));
		for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
			duk_get_prop_index(ctx, 2, i);
		}
	}
	duk_remove(ctx, 2);
	DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, 2 + len);

	/* [ func thisArg arg1 ... argN ] */

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("apply, func=%!iT, thisArg=%!iT, len=%ld",
	                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, 0),
	                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, 1),
	                     (long) len));
	duk_call_method(ctx, len);
	return 1;

 type_error:
	return DUK_RET_TYPE_ERROR;
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_function_prototype_call(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_idx_t nargs;

	/* Step 1 is not necessary because duk_call_method() will take
	 * care of it.
	 */

	/* vararg function, thisArg needs special handling */
	nargs = duk_get_top(ctx);  /* = 1 + arg count */
	if (nargs == 0) {
		duk_push_undefined(ctx);
		nargs++;
	}
	DUK_ASSERT(nargs >= 1);

	/* [ thisArg arg1 ... argN ] */

	duk_push_this(ctx);  /* 'func' in the algorithm */
	duk_insert(ctx, 0);

	/* [ func thisArg arg1 ... argN ] */

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("func=%!iT, thisArg=%!iT, argcount=%ld, top=%ld",
	                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, 0),
	                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, 1),
	                     (long) (nargs - 1),
	                     (long) duk_get_top(ctx)));
	duk_call_method(ctx, nargs - 1);
	return 1;
}

/* XXX: the implementation now assumes "chained" bound functions,
 * whereas "collapsed" bound functions (where there is ever only
 * one bound function which directly points to a non-bound, final
 * function) would require a "collapsing" implementation which
 * merges argument lists etc here.
 */
DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_function_prototype_bind(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hobject *h_bound;
	duk_hobject *h_target;
	duk_idx_t nargs;
	duk_idx_t i;

	/* vararg function, careful arg handling (e.g. thisArg may not be present) */
	nargs = duk_get_top(ctx);  /* = 1 + arg count */
	if (nargs == 0) {
		duk_push_undefined(ctx);
		nargs++;
	}
	DUK_ASSERT(nargs >= 1);

	duk_push_this(ctx);
	if (!duk_is_callable(ctx, -1)) {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("func is not callable"));
		goto type_error;
	}

	/* [ thisArg arg1 ... argN func ]  (thisArg+args == nargs total) */
	DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, nargs + 1);

	/* create bound function object */
	duk_push_object_helper(ctx,
	                       DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXTENSIBLE |
	                       DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_BOUND |
	                       DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_CONSTRUCTABLE |
	                       DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_AS_FLAGS(DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_FUNCTION),
	                       DUK_BIDX_FUNCTION_PROTOTYPE);
	h_bound = duk_get_hobject(ctx, -1);
	DUK_ASSERT(h_bound != NULL);

	/* [ thisArg arg1 ... argN func boundFunc ] */
	duk_dup(ctx, -2);  /* func */
	duk_xdef_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_INT_TARGET, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_NONE);

	duk_dup(ctx, 0);   /* thisArg */
	duk_xdef_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_INT_THIS, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_NONE);

	duk_push_array(ctx);

	/* [ thisArg arg1 ... argN func boundFunc argArray ] */

	for (i = 0; i < nargs - 1; i++) {
		duk_dup(ctx, 1 + i);
		duk_put_prop_index(ctx, -2, i);
	}
	duk_xdef_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_INT_ARGS, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_NONE);

	/* [ thisArg arg1 ... argN func boundFunc ] */

	/* bound function 'length' property is interesting */
	h_target = duk_get_hobject(ctx, -2);
	if (h_target == NULL ||  /* lightfunc */
	    DUK_HOBJECT_GET_CLASS_NUMBER(h_target) == DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_FUNCTION) {
		/* For lightfuncs, simply read the virtual property. */
		duk_int_t tmp;
		duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_LENGTH);
		tmp = duk_to_int(ctx, -1) - (nargs - 1);  /* step 15.a */
		duk_pop(ctx);
		duk_push_int(ctx, (tmp < 0 ? 0 : tmp));
	} else {
		duk_push_int(ctx, 0);
	}
	duk_xdef_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_LENGTH, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_NONE);  /* attrs in E5 Section 15.3.5.1 */

	/* caller and arguments must use the same thrower, [[ThrowTypeError]] */
	duk_xdef_prop_stridx_thrower(ctx, -1, DUK_STRIDX_CALLER, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_NONE);
	duk_xdef_prop_stridx_thrower(ctx, -1, DUK_STRIDX_LC_ARGUMENTS, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_NONE);

	/* these non-standard properties are copied for convenience */
	/* XXX: 'copy properties' API call? */
	duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_NAME);
	duk_xdef_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_NAME, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_WC);
	duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_FILE_NAME);
	duk_xdef_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_FILE_NAME, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_WC);

	/* The 'strict' flag is copied to get the special [[Get]] of E5.1
	 * Section 15.3.5.4 to apply when a 'caller' value is a strict bound
	 * function.  Not sure if this is correct, because the specification
	 * is a bit ambiguous on this point but it would make sense.
	 */
	if (h_target == NULL) {
		/* Lightfuncs are always strict. */
		DUK_HOBJECT_SET_STRICT(h_bound);
	} else if (DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_STRICT(h_target)) {
		DUK_HOBJECT_SET_STRICT(h_bound);
	}
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("created bound function: %!iT", (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));

	return 1;

 type_error:
	return DUK_RET_TYPE_ERROR;
}
/*
 *  Global object built-ins
 */

/* include removed: duk_internal.h */

/*
 *  Encoding/decoding helpers
 */

/* XXX: Could add fast path (for each transform callback) with direct byte
 * lookups (no shifting) and no explicit check for x < 0x80 before table
 * lookup.
 */

/* Macros for creating and checking bitmasks for character encoding.
 * Bit number is a bit counterintuitive, but minimizes code size.
 */
#define DUK__MKBITS(a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h)  ((duk_uint8_t) ( \
	((a) << 0) | ((b) << 1) | ((c) << 2) | ((d) << 3) | \
	((e) << 4) | ((f) << 5) | ((g) << 6) | ((h) << 7) \
	))
#define DUK__CHECK_BITMASK(table,cp)  ((table)[(cp) >> 3] & (1 << ((cp) & 0x07)))

/* E5.1 Section 15.1.3.3: uriReserved + uriUnescaped + '#' */
DUK_LOCAL const duk_uint8_t duk__encode_uriunescaped_table[16] = {
	DUK__MKBITS(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0), DUK__MKBITS(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0),  /* 0x00-0x0f */
	DUK__MKBITS(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0), DUK__MKBITS(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0),  /* 0x10-0x1f */
	DUK__MKBITS(0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1), DUK__MKBITS(1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1),  /* 0x20-0x2f */
	DUK__MKBITS(1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1), DUK__MKBITS(1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1),  /* 0x30-0x3f */
	DUK__MKBITS(1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1), DUK__MKBITS(1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1),  /* 0x40-0x4f */
	DUK__MKBITS(1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1), DUK__MKBITS(1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1),  /* 0x50-0x5f */
	DUK__MKBITS(0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1), DUK__MKBITS(1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1),  /* 0x60-0x6f */
	DUK__MKBITS(1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1), DUK__MKBITS(1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0),  /* 0x70-0x7f */
};

/* E5.1 Section 15.1.3.4: uriUnescaped */
DUK_LOCAL const duk_uint8_t duk__encode_uricomponent_unescaped_table[16] = {
	DUK__MKBITS(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0), DUK__MKBITS(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0),  /* 0x00-0x0f */
	DUK__MKBITS(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0), DUK__MKBITS(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0),  /* 0x10-0x1f */
	DUK__MKBITS(0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1), DUK__MKBITS(1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0),  /* 0x20-0x2f */
	DUK__MKBITS(1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1), DUK__MKBITS(1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0),  /* 0x30-0x3f */
	DUK__MKBITS(0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1), DUK__MKBITS(1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1),  /* 0x40-0x4f */
	DUK__MKBITS(1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1), DUK__MKBITS(1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1),  /* 0x50-0x5f */
	DUK__MKBITS(0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1), DUK__MKBITS(1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1),  /* 0x60-0x6f */
	DUK__MKBITS(1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1), DUK__MKBITS(1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0),  /* 0x70-0x7f */
};

/* E5.1 Section 15.1.3.1: uriReserved + '#' */
DUK_LOCAL const duk_uint8_t duk__decode_uri_reserved_table[16] = {
	DUK__MKBITS(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0), DUK__MKBITS(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0),  /* 0x00-0x0f */
	DUK__MKBITS(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0), DUK__MKBITS(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0),  /* 0x10-0x1f */
	DUK__MKBITS(0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0), DUK__MKBITS(0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1),  /* 0x20-0x2f */
	DUK__MKBITS(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0), DUK__MKBITS(0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1),  /* 0x30-0x3f */
	DUK__MKBITS(1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0), DUK__MKBITS(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0),  /* 0x40-0x4f */
	DUK__MKBITS(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0), DUK__MKBITS(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0),  /* 0x50-0x5f */
	DUK__MKBITS(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0), DUK__MKBITS(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0),  /* 0x60-0x6f */
	DUK__MKBITS(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0), DUK__MKBITS(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0),  /* 0x70-0x7f */
};

/* E5.1 Section 15.1.3.2: empty */
DUK_LOCAL const duk_uint8_t duk__decode_uri_component_reserved_table[16] = {
	DUK__MKBITS(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0), DUK__MKBITS(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0),  /* 0x00-0x0f */
	DUK__MKBITS(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0), DUK__MKBITS(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0),  /* 0x10-0x1f */
	DUK__MKBITS(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0), DUK__MKBITS(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0),  /* 0x20-0x2f */
	DUK__MKBITS(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0), DUK__MKBITS(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0),  /* 0x30-0x3f */
	DUK__MKBITS(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0), DUK__MKBITS(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0),  /* 0x40-0x4f */
	DUK__MKBITS(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0), DUK__MKBITS(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0),  /* 0x50-0x5f */
	DUK__MKBITS(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0), DUK__MKBITS(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0),  /* 0x60-0x6f */
	DUK__MKBITS(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0), DUK__MKBITS(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0),  /* 0x70-0x7f */
};

#ifdef DUK_USE_SECTION_B
/* E5.1 Section B.2.2, step 7. */
DUK_LOCAL const duk_uint8_t duk__escape_unescaped_table[16] = {
	DUK__MKBITS(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0), DUK__MKBITS(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0),  /* 0x00-0x0f */
	DUK__MKBITS(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0), DUK__MKBITS(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0),  /* 0x10-0x1f */
	DUK__MKBITS(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0), DUK__MKBITS(0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1),  /* 0x20-0x2f */
	DUK__MKBITS(1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1), DUK__MKBITS(1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0),  /* 0x30-0x3f */
	DUK__MKBITS(1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1), DUK__MKBITS(1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1),  /* 0x40-0x4f */
	DUK__MKBITS(1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1), DUK__MKBITS(1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1),  /* 0x50-0x5f */
	DUK__MKBITS(0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1), DUK__MKBITS(1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1),  /* 0x60-0x6f */
	DUK__MKBITS(1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1), DUK__MKBITS(1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)   /* 0x70-0x7f */
};
#endif  /* DUK_USE_SECTION_B */

#undef DUK__MKBITS

typedef struct {
	duk_hthread *thr;
	duk_hstring *h_str;
	duk_bufwriter_ctx bw;
	const duk_uint8_t *p;
	const duk_uint8_t *p_start;
	const duk_uint8_t *p_end;
} duk__transform_context;

typedef void (*duk__transform_callback)(duk__transform_context *tfm_ctx, const void *udata, duk_codepoint_t cp);

/* XXX: refactor and share with other code */
DUK_LOCAL duk_small_int_t duk__decode_hex_escape(const duk_uint8_t *p, duk_small_int_t n) {
	duk_small_int_t ch;
	duk_small_int_t t = 0;

	while (n > 0) {
		t = t * 16;
		ch = (duk_small_int_t) duk_hex_dectab[*p++];
		if (DUK_LIKELY(ch >= 0)) {
			t += ch;
		} else {
			return -1;
		}
		n--;
	}
	return t;
}

DUK_LOCAL int duk__transform_helper(duk_context *ctx, duk__transform_callback callback, const void *udata) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk__transform_context tfm_ctx_alloc;
	duk__transform_context *tfm_ctx = &tfm_ctx_alloc;
	duk_codepoint_t cp;

	tfm_ctx->thr = thr;

	tfm_ctx->h_str = duk_to_hstring(ctx, 0);
	DUK_ASSERT(tfm_ctx->h_str != NULL);

	DUK_BW_INIT_PUSHBUF(thr, &tfm_ctx->bw, DUK_HSTRING_GET_BYTELEN(tfm_ctx->h_str));  /* initial size guess */

	tfm_ctx->p_start = DUK_HSTRING_GET_DATA(tfm_ctx->h_str);
	tfm_ctx->p_end = tfm_ctx->p_start + DUK_HSTRING_GET_BYTELEN(tfm_ctx->h_str);
	tfm_ctx->p = tfm_ctx->p_start;

	while (tfm_ctx->p < tfm_ctx->p_end) {
		cp = (duk_codepoint_t) duk_unicode_decode_xutf8_checked(thr, &tfm_ctx->p, tfm_ctx->p_start, tfm_ctx->p_end);
		callback(tfm_ctx, udata, cp);
	}

	DUK_BW_COMPACT(thr, &tfm_ctx->bw);

	duk_to_string(ctx, -1);
	return 1;
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__transform_callback_encode_uri(duk__transform_context *tfm_ctx, const void *udata, duk_codepoint_t cp) {
	duk_uint8_t xutf8_buf[DUK_UNICODE_MAX_XUTF8_LENGTH];
	duk_small_int_t len;
	duk_codepoint_t cp1, cp2;
	duk_small_int_t i, t;
	const duk_uint8_t *unescaped_table = (const duk_uint8_t *) udata;

	/* UTF-8 encoded bytes escaped as %xx%xx%xx... -> 3 * nbytes.
	 * Codepoint range is restricted so this is a slightly too large
	 * but doesn't matter.
	 */
	DUK_BW_ENSURE(tfm_ctx->thr, &tfm_ctx->bw, 3 * DUK_UNICODE_MAX_XUTF8_LENGTH);

	if (cp < 0) {
		goto uri_error;
	} else if ((cp < 0x80L) && DUK__CHECK_BITMASK(unescaped_table, cp)) {
		DUK_BW_WRITE_RAW_U8(tfm_ctx->thr, &tfm_ctx->bw, (duk_uint8_t) cp);
		return;
	} else if (cp >= 0xdc00L && cp <= 0xdfffL) {
		goto uri_error;
	} else if (cp >= 0xd800L && cp <= 0xdbffL) {
		/* Needs lookahead */
		if (duk_unicode_decode_xutf8(tfm_ctx->thr, &tfm_ctx->p, tfm_ctx->p_start, tfm_ctx->p_end, (duk_ucodepoint_t *) &cp2) == 0) {
			goto uri_error;
		}
		if (!(cp2 >= 0xdc00L && cp2 <= 0xdfffL)) {
			goto uri_error;
		}
		cp1 = cp;
		cp = ((cp1 - 0xd800L) << 10) + (cp2 - 0xdc00L) + 0x10000L;
	} else if (cp > 0x10ffffL) {
		/* Although we can allow non-BMP characters (they'll decode
		 * back into surrogate pairs), we don't allow extended UTF-8
		 * characters; they would encode to URIs which won't decode
		 * back because of strict UTF-8 checks in URI decoding.
		 * (However, we could just as well allow them here.)
		 */
		goto uri_error;
	} else {
		/* Non-BMP characters within valid UTF-8 range: encode as is.
		 * They'll decode back into surrogate pairs if the escaped
		 * output is decoded.
		 */
		;
	}

	len = duk_unicode_encode_xutf8((duk_ucodepoint_t) cp, xutf8_buf);
	for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
		t = (int) xutf8_buf[i];
		DUK_BW_WRITE_RAW_U8_3(tfm_ctx->thr,
		                      &tfm_ctx->bw,
		                      DUK_ASC_PERCENT,
		                      (duk_uint8_t) duk_uc_nybbles[t >> 4],
                                      (duk_uint8_t) duk_uc_nybbles[t & 0x0f]);
	}

	return;

 uri_error:
	DUK_ERROR(tfm_ctx->thr, DUK_ERR_URI_ERROR, "invalid input");
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__transform_callback_decode_uri(duk__transform_context *tfm_ctx, const void *udata, duk_codepoint_t cp) {
	const duk_uint8_t *reserved_table = (const duk_uint8_t *) udata;
	duk_small_uint_t utf8_blen;
	duk_codepoint_t min_cp;
	duk_small_int_t t;  /* must be signed */
	duk_small_uint_t i;

	/* Maximum write size: XUTF8 path writes max DUK_UNICODE_MAX_XUTF8_LENGTH,
	 * percent escape path writes max two times CESU-8 encoded BMP length.
	 */
	DUK_BW_ENSURE(tfm_ctx->thr,
	              &tfm_ctx->bw,
	              (DUK_UNICODE_MAX_XUTF8_LENGTH >= 2 * DUK_UNICODE_MAX_CESU8_BMP_LENGTH ?
	              DUK_UNICODE_MAX_XUTF8_LENGTH : DUK_UNICODE_MAX_CESU8_BMP_LENGTH));

	if (cp == (duk_codepoint_t) '%') {
		const duk_uint8_t *p = tfm_ctx->p;
		duk_size_t left = (duk_size_t) (tfm_ctx->p_end - p);  /* bytes left */

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("percent encoding, left=%ld", (long) left));

		if (left < 2) {
			goto uri_error;
		}

		t = duk__decode_hex_escape(p, 2);
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("first byte: %ld", (long) t));
		if (t < 0) {
			goto uri_error;
		}

		if (t < 0x80) {
			if (DUK__CHECK_BITMASK(reserved_table, t)) {
				/* decode '%xx' to '%xx' if decoded char in reserved set */
				DUK_ASSERT(tfm_ctx->p - 1 >= tfm_ctx->p_start);
				DUK_BW_WRITE_RAW_U8_3(tfm_ctx->thr,
				                      &tfm_ctx->bw,
				                      DUK_ASC_PERCENT,
				                      p[0],
				                      p[1]);
			} else {
				DUK_BW_WRITE_RAW_U8(tfm_ctx->thr, &tfm_ctx->bw, (duk_uint8_t) t);
			}
			tfm_ctx->p += 2;
			return;
		}

		/* Decode UTF-8 codepoint from a sequence of hex escapes.  The
		 * first byte of the sequence has been decoded to 't'.
		 *
		 * Note that UTF-8 validation must be strict according to the
		 * specification: E5.1 Section 15.1.3, decode algorithm step
		 * 4.d.vii.8.  URIError from non-shortest encodings is also
		 * specifically noted in the spec.
		 */

		DUK_ASSERT(t >= 0x80);
		if (t < 0xc0) {
			/* continuation byte */
			goto uri_error;
		} else if (t < 0xe0) {
			/* 110x xxxx; 2 bytes */
			utf8_blen = 2;
			min_cp = 0x80L;
			cp = t & 0x1f;
		} else if (t < 0xf0) {
			/* 1110 xxxx; 3 bytes */
			utf8_blen = 3;
			min_cp = 0x800L;
			cp = t & 0x0f;
		} else if (t < 0xf8) {
			/* 1111 0xxx; 4 bytes */
			utf8_blen = 4;
			min_cp = 0x10000L;
			cp = t & 0x07;
		} else {
			/* extended utf-8 not allowed for URIs */
			goto uri_error;
		}

		if (left < utf8_blen * 3 - 1) {
			/* '%xx%xx...%xx', p points to char after first '%' */
			goto uri_error;
		}

		p += 3;
		for (i = 1; i < utf8_blen; i++) {
			/* p points to digit part ('%xy', p points to 'x') */
			t = duk__decode_hex_escape(p, 2);
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("i=%ld utf8_blen=%ld cp=%ld t=0x%02lx",
			                     (long) i, (long) utf8_blen, (long) cp, (unsigned long) t));
			if (t < 0) {
				goto uri_error;
			}
			if ((t & 0xc0) != 0x80) {
				goto uri_error;
			}
			cp = (cp << 6) + (t & 0x3f);
			p += 3;
		}
		p--;  /* p overshoots */
		tfm_ctx->p = p;

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("final cp=%ld, min_cp=%ld", (long) cp, (long) min_cp));

		if (cp < min_cp || cp > 0x10ffffL || (cp >= 0xd800L && cp <= 0xdfffL)) {
			goto uri_error;
		}

		/* The E5.1 algorithm checks whether or not a decoded codepoint
		 * is below 0x80 and perhaps may be in the "reserved" set.
		 * This seems pointless because the single byte UTF-8 case is
		 * handled separately, and non-shortest encodings are rejected.
		 * So, 'cp' cannot be below 0x80 here, and thus cannot be in
		 * the reserved set.
		 */

		/* utf-8 validation ensures these */
		DUK_ASSERT(cp >= 0x80L && cp <= 0x10ffffL);

		if (cp >= 0x10000L) {
			cp -= 0x10000L;
			DUK_ASSERT(cp < 0x100000L);

			DUK_BW_WRITE_RAW_XUTF8(tfm_ctx->thr, &tfm_ctx->bw, ((cp >> 10) + 0xd800L));
			DUK_BW_WRITE_RAW_XUTF8(tfm_ctx->thr, &tfm_ctx->bw, ((cp & 0x03ffUL) + 0xdc00L));
		} else {
			DUK_BW_WRITE_RAW_XUTF8(tfm_ctx->thr, &tfm_ctx->bw, cp);
		}
	} else {
		DUK_BW_WRITE_RAW_XUTF8(tfm_ctx->thr, &tfm_ctx->bw, cp);
	}
	return;

 uri_error:
	DUK_ERROR(tfm_ctx->thr, DUK_ERR_URI_ERROR, "invalid input");
}

#ifdef DUK_USE_SECTION_B
DUK_LOCAL void duk__transform_callback_escape(duk__transform_context *tfm_ctx, const void *udata, duk_codepoint_t cp) {
	DUK_UNREF(udata);

	DUK_BW_ENSURE(tfm_ctx->thr, &tfm_ctx->bw, 6);

	if (cp < 0) {
		goto esc_error;
	} else if ((cp < 0x80L) && DUK__CHECK_BITMASK(duk__escape_unescaped_table, cp)) {
		DUK_BW_WRITE_RAW_U8(tfm_ctx->thr, &tfm_ctx->bw, (duk_uint8_t) cp);
	} else if (cp < 0x100L) {
		DUK_BW_WRITE_RAW_U8_3(tfm_ctx->thr,
		                      &tfm_ctx->bw,
		                      (duk_uint8_t) DUK_ASC_PERCENT,
		                      (duk_uint8_t) duk_uc_nybbles[cp >> 4],
		                      (duk_uint8_t) duk_uc_nybbles[cp & 0x0f]);
	} else if (cp < 0x10000L) {
		DUK_BW_WRITE_RAW_U8_6(tfm_ctx->thr,
		                      &tfm_ctx->bw,
		                      (duk_uint8_t) DUK_ASC_PERCENT,
		                      (duk_uint8_t) DUK_ASC_LC_U,
		                      (duk_uint8_t) duk_uc_nybbles[cp >> 12],
		                      (duk_uint8_t) duk_uc_nybbles[(cp >> 8) & 0x0f],
		                      (duk_uint8_t) duk_uc_nybbles[(cp >> 4) & 0x0f],
		                      (duk_uint8_t) duk_uc_nybbles[cp & 0x0f]);
	} else {
		/* Characters outside BMP cannot be escape()'d.  We could
		 * encode them as surrogate pairs (for codepoints inside
		 * valid UTF-8 range, but not extended UTF-8).  Because
		 * escape() and unescape() are legacy functions, we don't.
		 */
		goto esc_error;
	}

	return;

 esc_error:
	DUK_ERROR_TYPE(tfm_ctx->thr, "invalid input");
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__transform_callback_unescape(duk__transform_context *tfm_ctx, const void *udata, duk_codepoint_t cp) {
	duk_small_int_t t;

	DUK_UNREF(udata);

	if (cp == (duk_codepoint_t) '%') {
		const duk_uint8_t *p = tfm_ctx->p;
		duk_size_t left = (duk_size_t) (tfm_ctx->p_end - p);  /* bytes left */

		if (left >= 5 && p[0] == 'u' &&
		    ((t = duk__decode_hex_escape(p + 1, 4)) >= 0)) {
			cp = (duk_codepoint_t) t;
			tfm_ctx->p += 5;
		} else if (left >= 2 &&
		           ((t = duk__decode_hex_escape(p, 2)) >= 0)) {
			cp = (duk_codepoint_t) t;
			tfm_ctx->p += 2;
		}
	}

	DUK_BW_WRITE_ENSURE_XUTF8(tfm_ctx->thr, &tfm_ctx->bw, cp);
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_SECTION_B */

/*
 *  Eval
 *
 *  Eval needs to handle both a "direct eval" and an "indirect eval".
 *  Direct eval handling needs access to the caller's activation so that its
 *  lexical environment can be accessed.  A direct eval is only possible from
 *  Ecmascript code; an indirect eval call is possible also from C code.
 *  When an indirect eval call is made from C code, there may not be a
 *  calling activation at all which needs careful handling.
 */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_global_object_eval(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_hstring *h;
	duk_activation *act_caller;
	duk_activation *act_eval;
	duk_activation *act;
	duk_hcompiledfunction *func;
	duk_hobject *outer_lex_env;
	duk_hobject *outer_var_env;
	duk_bool_t this_to_global = 1;
	duk_small_uint_t comp_flags;
	duk_int_t level = -2;

	DUK_ASSERT(duk_get_top(ctx) == 1 || duk_get_top(ctx) == 2);  /* 2 when called by debugger */
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->callstack_top >= 1);  /* at least this function exists */
	DUK_ASSERT(((thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top - 1)->flags & DUK_ACT_FLAG_DIRECT_EVAL) == 0 || /* indirect eval */
	           (thr->callstack_top >= 2));  /* if direct eval, calling activation must exist */

	/*
	 *  callstack_top - 1 --> this function
	 *  callstack_top - 2 --> caller (may not exist)
	 *
	 *  If called directly from C, callstack_top might be 1.  If calling
	 *  activation doesn't exist, call must be indirect.
	 */

	h = duk_get_hstring(ctx, 0);
	if (!h) {
		return 1;  /* return arg as-is */
	}

#if defined(DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_SUPPORT)
	/* NOTE: level is used only by the debugger and should never be present
	 * for an Ecmascript eval().
	 */
	DUK_ASSERT(level == -2);  /* by default, use caller's environment */
	if (duk_get_top(ctx) >= 2 && duk_is_number(ctx, 1)) {
		level = duk_get_int(ctx, 1);
	}
	DUK_ASSERT(level <= -2);  /* This is guaranteed by debugger code. */
#endif

	/* [ source ] */

	comp_flags = DUK_JS_COMPILE_FLAG_EVAL;
	act_eval = thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top - 1;    /* this function */
	if (thr->callstack_top >= (duk_size_t) -level) {
		/* Have a calling activation, check for direct eval (otherwise
		 * assume indirect eval.
		 */
		act_caller = thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top + level;  /* caller */
		if ((act_caller->flags & DUK_ACT_FLAG_STRICT) &&
		    (act_eval->flags & DUK_ACT_FLAG_DIRECT_EVAL)) {
			/* Only direct eval inherits strictness from calling code
			 * (E5.1 Section 10.1.1).
			 */
			comp_flags |= DUK_JS_COMPILE_FLAG_STRICT;
		}
	} else {
		DUK_ASSERT((act_eval->flags & DUK_ACT_FLAG_DIRECT_EVAL) == 0);
	}
	act_caller = NULL;  /* avoid dereference after potential callstack realloc */
	act_eval = NULL;

	duk_push_hstring_stridx(ctx, DUK_STRIDX_INPUT);  /* XXX: copy from caller? */
	duk_js_compile(thr,
	               (const duk_uint8_t *) DUK_HSTRING_GET_DATA(h),
	               (duk_size_t) DUK_HSTRING_GET_BYTELEN(h),
	               comp_flags);
	func = (duk_hcompiledfunction *) duk_get_hobject(ctx, -1);
	DUK_ASSERT(func != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_IS_COMPILEDFUNCTION((duk_hobject *) func));

	/* [ source template ] */

	/* E5 Section 10.4.2 */
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->callstack_top >= 1);
	act = thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top - 1;  /* this function */
	if (act->flags & DUK_ACT_FLAG_DIRECT_EVAL) {
		DUK_ASSERT(thr->callstack_top >= 2);
		act = thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top + level;  /* caller */
		if (act->lex_env == NULL) {
			DUK_ASSERT(act->var_env == NULL);
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("delayed environment initialization"));

			/* this may have side effects, so re-lookup act */
			duk_js_init_activation_environment_records_delayed(thr, act);
			act = thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top + level;
		}
		DUK_ASSERT(act->lex_env != NULL);
		DUK_ASSERT(act->var_env != NULL);

		this_to_global = 0;

		if (DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_STRICT((duk_hobject *) func)) {
			duk_hobject *new_env;
			duk_hobject *act_lex_env;

			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("direct eval call to a strict function -> "
			                     "var_env and lex_env to a fresh env, "
			                     "this_binding to caller's this_binding"));

			act = thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top + level;  /* caller */
			act_lex_env = act->lex_env;
			act = NULL;  /* invalidated */

			(void) duk_push_object_helper_proto(ctx,
			                                    DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXTENSIBLE |
			                                    DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_AS_FLAGS(DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_DECENV),
			                                    act_lex_env);
			new_env = duk_require_hobject(ctx, -1);
			DUK_ASSERT(new_env != NULL);
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("new_env allocated: %!iO",
			                     (duk_heaphdr *) new_env));

			outer_lex_env = new_env;
			outer_var_env = new_env;

			duk_insert(ctx, 0);  /* stash to bottom of value stack to keep new_env reachable for duration of eval */

			/* compiler's responsibility */
			DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_NEWENV((duk_hobject *) func));
		} else {
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("direct eval call to a non-strict function -> "
			                     "var_env and lex_env to caller's envs, "
			                     "this_binding to caller's this_binding"));

			outer_lex_env = act->lex_env;
			outer_var_env = act->var_env;

			/* compiler's responsibility */
			DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_NEWENV((duk_hobject *) func));
		}
	} else {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("indirect eval call -> var_env and lex_env to "
		                     "global object, this_binding to global object"));

		this_to_global = 1;
		outer_lex_env = thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_GLOBAL_ENV];
		outer_var_env = thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_GLOBAL_ENV];
	}
	act = NULL;

	/* Eval code doesn't need an automatic .prototype object. */
	duk_js_push_closure(thr, func, outer_var_env, outer_lex_env, 0 /*add_auto_proto*/);

	/* [ source template closure ] */

	if (this_to_global) {
		DUK_ASSERT(thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_GLOBAL] != NULL);
		duk_push_hobject_bidx(ctx, DUK_BIDX_GLOBAL);
	} else {
		duk_tval *tv;
		DUK_ASSERT(thr->callstack_top >= 2);
		act = thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top + level;  /* caller */
		tv = thr->valstack + act->idx_bottom - 1;  /* this is just beneath bottom */
		DUK_ASSERT(tv >= thr->valstack);
		duk_push_tval(ctx, tv);
	}

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("eval -> lex_env=%!iO, var_env=%!iO, this_binding=%!T",
	                     (duk_heaphdr *) outer_lex_env,
	                     (duk_heaphdr *) outer_var_env,
	                     duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));

	/* [ source template closure this ] */

	duk_call_method(ctx, 0);

	/* [ source template result ] */

	return 1;
}

/*
 *  Parsing of ints and floats
 */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_global_object_parse_int(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_int32_t radix;
	duk_small_uint_t s2n_flags;

	DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, 2);
	duk_to_string(ctx, 0);

	radix = duk_to_int32(ctx, 1);

	s2n_flags = DUK_S2N_FLAG_TRIM_WHITE |
	            DUK_S2N_FLAG_ALLOW_GARBAGE |
	            DUK_S2N_FLAG_ALLOW_PLUS |
	            DUK_S2N_FLAG_ALLOW_MINUS |
	            DUK_S2N_FLAG_ALLOW_LEADING_ZERO |
	            DUK_S2N_FLAG_ALLOW_AUTO_HEX_INT;

	/* Specification stripPrefix maps to DUK_S2N_FLAG_ALLOW_AUTO_HEX_INT.
	 *
	 * Don't autodetect octals (from leading zeroes), require user code to
	 * provide an explicit radix 8 for parsing octal.  See write-up from Mozilla:
	 * https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/parseInt#ECMAScript_5_Removes_Octal_Interpretation
	 */

	if (radix != 0) {
		if (radix < 2 || radix > 36) {
			goto ret_nan;
		}
		if (radix != 16) {
			s2n_flags &= ~DUK_S2N_FLAG_ALLOW_AUTO_HEX_INT;
		}
	} else {
		radix = 10;
	}

	duk_dup(ctx, 0);
	duk_numconv_parse(ctx, radix, s2n_flags);
	return 1;

 ret_nan:
	duk_push_nan(ctx);
	return 1;
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_global_object_parse_float(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_small_uint_t s2n_flags;
	duk_int32_t radix;

	DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, 1);
	duk_to_string(ctx, 0);

	radix = 10;

	/* XXX: check flags */
	s2n_flags = DUK_S2N_FLAG_TRIM_WHITE |
	            DUK_S2N_FLAG_ALLOW_EXP |
	            DUK_S2N_FLAG_ALLOW_GARBAGE |
	            DUK_S2N_FLAG_ALLOW_PLUS |
	            DUK_S2N_FLAG_ALLOW_MINUS |
	            DUK_S2N_FLAG_ALLOW_INF |
	            DUK_S2N_FLAG_ALLOW_FRAC |
	            DUK_S2N_FLAG_ALLOW_NAKED_FRAC |
	            DUK_S2N_FLAG_ALLOW_EMPTY_FRAC |
	            DUK_S2N_FLAG_ALLOW_LEADING_ZERO;

	duk_numconv_parse(ctx, radix, s2n_flags);
	return 1;
}

/*
 *  Number checkers
 */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_global_object_is_nan(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_double_t d = duk_to_number(ctx, 0);
	duk_push_boolean(ctx, DUK_ISNAN(d));
	return 1;
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_global_object_is_finite(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_double_t d = duk_to_number(ctx, 0);
	duk_push_boolean(ctx, DUK_ISFINITE(d));
	return 1;
}

/*
 *  URI handling
 */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_global_object_decode_uri(duk_context *ctx) {
	return duk__transform_helper(ctx, duk__transform_callback_decode_uri, (const void *) duk__decode_uri_reserved_table);
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_global_object_decode_uri_component(duk_context *ctx) {
	return duk__transform_helper(ctx, duk__transform_callback_decode_uri, (const void *) duk__decode_uri_component_reserved_table);
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_global_object_encode_uri(duk_context *ctx) {
	return duk__transform_helper(ctx, duk__transform_callback_encode_uri, (const void *) duk__encode_uriunescaped_table);
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_global_object_encode_uri_component(duk_context *ctx) {
	return duk__transform_helper(ctx, duk__transform_callback_encode_uri, (const void *) duk__encode_uricomponent_unescaped_table);
}

#ifdef DUK_USE_SECTION_B
DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_global_object_escape(duk_context *ctx) {
	return duk__transform_helper(ctx, duk__transform_callback_escape, (const void *) NULL);
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_global_object_unescape(duk_context *ctx) {
	return duk__transform_helper(ctx, duk__transform_callback_unescape, (const void *) NULL);
}
#else  /* DUK_USE_SECTION_B */
DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_global_object_escape(duk_context *ctx) {
	DUK_UNREF(ctx);
	return DUK_RET_UNSUPPORTED_ERROR;
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_global_object_unescape(duk_context *ctx) {
	DUK_UNREF(ctx);
	return DUK_RET_UNSUPPORTED_ERROR;
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_SECTION_B */

#if defined(DUK_USE_BROWSER_LIKE) && (defined(DUK_USE_FILE_IO) || defined(DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_SUPPORT))
DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_global_object_print_helper(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_int_t magic;
	duk_idx_t nargs;
	const duk_uint8_t *buf;
	duk_size_t sz_buf;
	const char nl = (const char) DUK_ASC_LF;
#ifndef DUK_USE_PREFER_SIZE
	duk_uint8_t buf_stack[256];
#endif
#ifdef DUK_USE_FILE_IO
	duk_file *f_out;
#endif

	DUK_UNREF(thr);

	magic = duk_get_current_magic(ctx);
	DUK_UNREF(magic);

	nargs = duk_get_top(ctx);

	/* If argument count is 1 and first argument is a buffer, write the buffer
	 * as raw data into the file without a newline; this allows exact control
	 * over stdout/stderr without an additional entrypoint (useful for now).
	 *
	 * Otherwise current print/alert semantics are to ToString() coerce
	 * arguments, join them with a single space, and append a newline.
	 */

	if (nargs == 1 && duk_is_buffer(ctx, 0)) {
		buf = (const duk_uint8_t *) duk_get_buffer(ctx, 0, &sz_buf);
		DUK_ASSERT(buf != NULL);
	} else if (nargs > 0) {
#ifdef DUK_USE_PREFER_SIZE
		/* Compact but lots of churn. */
		duk_push_hstring_stridx(thr, DUK_STRIDX_SPACE);
		duk_insert(ctx, 0);
		duk_join(ctx, nargs);
		duk_push_string(thr, "\n");
		duk_concat(ctx, 2);
		buf = (const duk_uint8_t *) duk_get_lstring(ctx, -1, &sz_buf);
		DUK_ASSERT(buf != NULL);
#else  /* DUK_USE_PREFER_SIZE */
		/* Higher footprint, less churn. */
		duk_idx_t i;
		duk_size_t sz_str;
		const duk_uint8_t *p_str;
		duk_uint8_t *p;

		sz_buf = (duk_size_t) nargs;  /* spaces (nargs - 1) + newline */
		for (i = 0; i < nargs; i++) {
			(void) duk_to_lstring(ctx, i, &sz_str);
			sz_buf += sz_str;
		}

		if (sz_buf <= sizeof(buf_stack)) {
			p = (duk_uint8_t *) buf_stack;
		} else {
			p = (duk_uint8_t *) duk_push_fixed_buffer(ctx, sz_buf);
			DUK_ASSERT(p != NULL);
		}

		buf = (const duk_uint8_t *) p;
		for (i = 0; i < nargs; i++) {
			p_str = (const duk_uint8_t *) duk_get_lstring(ctx, i, &sz_str);
			DUK_ASSERT(p_str != NULL);
			DUK_MEMCPY((void *) p, (const void *) p_str, sz_str);
			p += sz_str;
			*p++ = (duk_uint8_t) (i == nargs - 1 ? DUK_ASC_LF : DUK_ASC_SPACE);
		}
		DUK_ASSERT((const duk_uint8_t *) p == buf + sz_buf);
#endif  /* DUK_USE_PREFER_SIZE */
	} else {
		buf = (const duk_uint8_t *) &nl;
		sz_buf = 1;
	}

	/* 'buf' contains the string to write, 'sz_buf' contains the length
	 * (which may be zero).
	 */
	DUK_ASSERT(buf != NULL);

	if (sz_buf == 0) {
		return 0;
	}

#ifdef DUK_USE_FILE_IO
	f_out = (magic ? DUK_STDERR : DUK_STDOUT);
	DUK_FWRITE((const void *) buf, 1, (size_t) sz_buf, f_out);
	DUK_FFLUSH(f_out);
#endif

#if defined(DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_SUPPORT) && defined(DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_FWD_PRINTALERT)
	if (DUK_HEAP_IS_DEBUGGER_ATTACHED(thr->heap)) {
		duk_debug_write_notify(thr, magic ? DUK_DBG_CMD_ALERT : DUK_DBG_CMD_PRINT);
		duk_debug_write_string(thr, (const char *) buf, sz_buf);
		duk_debug_write_eom(thr);
	}
#endif
	return 0;
}
#elif defined(DUK_USE_BROWSER_LIKE)  /* print provider */
DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_global_object_print_helper(duk_context *ctx) {
	DUK_UNREF(ctx);
	return 0;
}
#else  /* print provider */
DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_global_object_print_helper(duk_context *ctx) {
	DUK_UNREF(ctx);
	return DUK_RET_UNSUPPORTED_ERROR;
}
#endif  /* print provider */

/*
 *  CommonJS require() and modules support
 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_COMMONJS_MODULES)
DUK_LOCAL void duk__bi_global_resolve_module_id(duk_context *ctx, const char *req_id, const char *mod_id) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_uint8_t buf[DUK_BI_COMMONJS_MODULE_ID_LIMIT];
	duk_uint8_t *p;
	duk_uint8_t *q;
	duk_uint8_t *q_last;  /* last component */
	duk_int_t int_rc;

	DUK_ASSERT(req_id != NULL);
	/* mod_id may be NULL */

	/*
	 *  A few notes on the algorithm:
	 *
	 *    - Terms are not allowed to begin with a period unless the term
	 *      is either '.' or '..'.  This simplifies implementation (and
	 *      is within CommonJS modules specification).
	 *
	 *    - There are few output bound checks here.  This is on purpose:
	 *      the resolution input is length checked and the output is never
	 *      longer than the input.  The resolved output is written directly
	 *      over the input because it's never longer than the input at any
	 *      point in the algorithm.
	 *
	 *    - Non-ASCII characters are processed as individual bytes and
	 *      need no special treatment.  However, U+0000 terminates the
	 *      algorithm; this is not an issue because U+0000 is not a
	 *      desirable term character anyway.
	 */

	/*
	 *  Set up the resolution input which is the requested ID directly
	 *  (if absolute or no current module path) or with current module
	 *  ID prepended (if relative and current module path exists).
	 *
	 *  Suppose current module is 'foo/bar' and relative path is './quux'.
	 *  The 'bar' component must be replaced so the initial input here is
	 *  'foo/bar/.././quux'.
	 */

	if (mod_id != NULL && req_id[0] == '.') {
		int_rc = DUK_SNPRINTF((char *) buf, sizeof(buf), "%s/../%s", mod_id, req_id);
	} else {
		int_rc = DUK_SNPRINTF((char *) buf, sizeof(buf), "%s", req_id);
	}
	if (int_rc >= (duk_int_t) sizeof(buf) || int_rc < 0) {
		/* Potentially truncated, NUL not guaranteed in any case.
		 * The (int_rc < 0) case should not occur in practice.
		 */
		DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("resolve error: temporary working module ID doesn't fit into resolve buffer"));
		goto resolve_error;
	}
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_STRLEN((const char *) buf) < sizeof(buf));  /* at most sizeof(buf) - 1 */

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("input module id: '%s'", (const char *) buf));

	/*
	 *  Resolution loop.  At the top of the loop we're expecting a valid
	 *  term: '.', '..', or a non-empty identifier not starting with a period.
	 */

	p = buf;
	q = buf;
	for (;;) {
		duk_uint_fast8_t c;

		/* Here 'p' always points to the start of a term.
		 *
		 * We can also unconditionally reset q_last here: if this is
		 * the last (non-empty) term q_last will have the right value
		 * on loop exit.
		 */

		DUK_ASSERT(p >= q);  /* output is never longer than input during resolution */

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("resolve loop top: p -> '%s', q=%p, buf=%p",
		                     (const char *) p, (void *) q, (void *) buf));

		q_last = q;

		c = *p++;
		if (DUK_UNLIKELY(c == 0)) {
			DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("resolve error: requested ID must end with a non-empty term"));
			goto resolve_error;
		} else if (DUK_UNLIKELY(c == '.')) {
			c = *p++;
			if (c == '/') {
				/* Term was '.' and is eaten entirely (including dup slashes). */
				goto eat_dup_slashes;
			}
			if (c == '.' && *p == '/') {
				/* Term was '..', backtrack resolved name by one component.
				 *  q[-1] = previous slash (or beyond start of buffer)
				 *  q[-2] = last char of previous component (or beyond start of buffer)
				 */
				p++;  /* eat (first) input slash */
				DUK_ASSERT(q >= buf);
				if (q == buf) {
					DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("resolve error: term was '..' but nothing to backtrack"));
					goto resolve_error;
				}
				DUK_ASSERT(*(q - 1) == '/');
				q--;  /* backtrack to last output slash (dups already eliminated) */
				for (;;) {
					/* Backtrack to previous slash or start of buffer. */
					DUK_ASSERT(q >= buf);
					if (q == buf) {
						break;
					}
					if (*(q - 1) == '/') {
						break;
					}
					q--;
				}
				goto eat_dup_slashes;
			}
			DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("resolve error: term begins with '.' but is not '.' or '..' (not allowed now)"));
			goto resolve_error;
		} else if (DUK_UNLIKELY(c == '/')) {
			/* e.g. require('/foo'), empty terms not allowed */
			DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("resolve error: empty term (not allowed now)"));
			goto resolve_error;
		} else {
			for (;;) {
				/* Copy term name until end or '/'. */
				*q++ = c;
				c = *p++;
				if (DUK_UNLIKELY(c == 0)) {
					/* This was the last term, and q_last was
					 * updated to match this term at loop top.
					 */
					goto loop_done;
				} else if (DUK_UNLIKELY(c == '/')) {
					*q++ = '/';
					break;
				} else {
					/* write on next loop */
				}
			}
		}

	 eat_dup_slashes:
		for (;;) {
			/* eat dup slashes */
			c = *p;
			if (DUK_LIKELY(c != '/')) {
				break;
			}
			p++;
		}
	}
 loop_done:
	/* Output #1: resolved absolute name */
	DUK_ASSERT(q >= buf);
	duk_push_lstring(ctx, (const char *) buf, (size_t) (q - buf));

	/* Output #2: last component name */
	DUK_ASSERT(q >= q_last);
	DUK_ASSERT(q_last >= buf);
	duk_push_lstring(ctx, (const char *) q_last, (size_t) (q - q_last));

	DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("after resolving module name: buf=%p, q_last=%p, q=%p",
	                   (void *) buf, (void *) q_last, (void *) q));
	return;

 resolve_error:
	DUK_ERROR_FMT1(thr, DUK_ERR_TYPE_ERROR, "cannot resolve module id: %s", (const char *) req_id);
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_COMMONJS_MODULES */

#if defined(DUK_USE_COMMONJS_MODULES)
/* Stack indices for better readability */
#define DUK__IDX_REQUESTED_ID   0  /* Module id requested */
#define DUK__IDX_REQUIRE        1  /* Current require() function */
#define DUK__IDX_REQUIRE_ID     2  /* The base ID of the current require() function, resolution base */
#define DUK__IDX_RESOLVED_ID    3  /* Resolved, normalized absolute module ID */
#define DUK__IDX_LASTCOMP       4  /* Last component name in resolved path */
#define DUK__IDX_DUKTAPE        5  /* Duktape object */
#define DUK__IDX_MODLOADED      6  /* Duktape.modLoaded[] module cache */
#define DUK__IDX_UNDEFINED      7  /* 'undefined', artifact of lookup */
#define DUK__IDX_FRESH_REQUIRE  8  /* New require() function for module, updated resolution base */
#define DUK__IDX_EXPORTS        9  /* Default exports table */
#define DUK__IDX_MODULE         10  /* Module object containing module.exports, etc */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_global_object_require(duk_context *ctx) {
	const char *str_req_id;  /* requested identifier */
	const char *str_mod_id;  /* require.id of current module */
	duk_int_t pcall_rc;

	/* NOTE: we try to minimize code size by avoiding unnecessary pops,
	 * so the stack looks a bit cluttered in this function.  DUK_ASSERT_TOP()
	 * assertions are used to ensure stack configuration is correct at each
	 * step.
	 */

	/*
	 *  Resolve module identifier into canonical absolute form.
	 */

	str_req_id = duk_require_string(ctx, DUK__IDX_REQUESTED_ID);
	duk_push_current_function(ctx);
	duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, -1, DUK_STRIDX_ID);
	str_mod_id = duk_get_string(ctx, DUK__IDX_REQUIRE_ID);  /* ignore non-strings */
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("resolve module id: requested=%!T, currentmodule=%!T",
	                     duk_get_tval(ctx, DUK__IDX_REQUESTED_ID),
	                     duk_get_tval(ctx, DUK__IDX_REQUIRE_ID)));
	duk__bi_global_resolve_module_id(ctx, str_req_id, str_mod_id);
	str_req_id = NULL;
	str_mod_id = NULL;
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("resolved module id: requested=%!T, currentmodule=%!T, result=%!T, lastcomp=%!T",
	                     duk_get_tval(ctx, DUK__IDX_REQUESTED_ID),
	                     duk_get_tval(ctx, DUK__IDX_REQUIRE_ID),
	                     duk_get_tval(ctx, DUK__IDX_RESOLVED_ID),
	                     duk_get_tval(ctx, DUK__IDX_LASTCOMP)));

	/* [ requested_id require require.id resolved_id last_comp ] */
	DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, DUK__IDX_LASTCOMP + 1);

	/*
	 *  Cached module check.
	 *
	 *  If module has been loaded or its loading has already begun without
	 *  finishing, return the same cached value ('exports').  The value is
	 *  registered when module load starts so that circular references can
	 *  be supported to some extent.
	 */

	duk_push_hobject_bidx(ctx, DUK_BIDX_DUKTAPE);
	duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, DUK__IDX_DUKTAPE, DUK_STRIDX_MOD_LOADED);  /* Duktape.modLoaded */
	(void) duk_require_hobject(ctx, DUK__IDX_MODLOADED);
	DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, DUK__IDX_MODLOADED + 1);

	duk_dup(ctx, DUK__IDX_RESOLVED_ID);
	if (duk_get_prop(ctx, DUK__IDX_MODLOADED)) {
		/* [ requested_id require require.id resolved_id last_comp Duktape Duktape.modLoaded Duktape.modLoaded[id] ] */
		DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("module already loaded: %!T",
		                   duk_get_tval(ctx, DUK__IDX_RESOLVED_ID)));
		duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, -1, DUK_STRIDX_EXPORTS);  /* return module.exports */
		return 1;
	}
	DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, DUK__IDX_UNDEFINED + 1);

	/* [ requested_id require require.id resolved_id last_comp Duktape Duktape.modLoaded undefined ] */

	/*
	 *  Module not loaded (and loading not started previously).
	 *
	 *  Create a new require() function with 'id' set to resolved ID
	 *  of module being loaded.  Also create 'exports' and 'module'
	 *  tables but don't register exports to the loaded table yet.
	 *  We don't want to do that unless the user module search callbacks
	 *  succeeds in finding the module.
	 */

	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("loading module %!T, resolution base %!T, requested ID %!T -> resolved ID %!T, last component %!T",
                         duk_get_tval(ctx, DUK__IDX_RESOLVED_ID),
                         duk_get_tval(ctx, DUK__IDX_REQUIRE_ID),
                         duk_get_tval(ctx, DUK__IDX_REQUESTED_ID),
                         duk_get_tval(ctx, DUK__IDX_RESOLVED_ID),
                         duk_get_tval(ctx, DUK__IDX_LASTCOMP)));

	/* Fresh require: require.id is left configurable (but not writable)
	 * so that is not easy to accidentally tweak it, but it can still be
	 * done with Object.defineProperty().
	 *
	 * XXX: require.id could also be just made non-configurable, as there
	 * is no practical reason to touch it.
	 */
	duk_push_c_function(ctx, duk_bi_global_object_require, 1 /*nargs*/);
	duk_push_hstring_stridx(ctx, DUK_STRIDX_REQUIRE);
	duk_xdef_prop_stridx(ctx, DUK__IDX_FRESH_REQUIRE, DUK_STRIDX_NAME, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_NONE);
	duk_dup(ctx, DUK__IDX_RESOLVED_ID);
	duk_xdef_prop_stridx(ctx, DUK__IDX_FRESH_REQUIRE, DUK_STRIDX_ID, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_C);  /* a fresh require() with require.id = resolved target module id */

	/* Module table:
	 * - module.exports: initial exports table (may be replaced by user)
	 * - module.id is non-writable and non-configurable, as the CommonJS
	 *   spec suggests this if possible
	 * - module.filename: not set, defaults to resolved ID if not explicitly
	 *   set by modSearch() (note capitalization, not .fileName, matches Node.js)
	 * - module.name: not set, defaults to last component of resolved ID if
	 *   not explicitly set by modSearch()
	 */
	duk_push_object(ctx);  /* exports */
	duk_push_object(ctx);  /* module */
	duk_dup(ctx, DUK__IDX_EXPORTS);
	duk_xdef_prop_stridx(ctx, DUK__IDX_MODULE, DUK_STRIDX_EXPORTS, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_WC);  /* module.exports = exports */
	duk_dup(ctx, DUK__IDX_RESOLVED_ID);  /* resolved id: require(id) must return this same module */
	duk_xdef_prop_stridx(ctx, DUK__IDX_MODULE, DUK_STRIDX_ID, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_NONE);  /* module.id = resolved_id */
	duk_compact(ctx, DUK__IDX_MODULE);  /* module table remains registered to modLoaded, minimize its size */
	DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, DUK__IDX_MODULE + 1);

	DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("module table created: %!T", duk_get_tval(ctx, DUK__IDX_MODULE)));

	/* [ requested_id require require.id resolved_id last_comp Duktape Duktape.modLoaded undefined fresh_require exports module ] */

	/* Register the module table early to modLoaded[] so that we can
	 * support circular references even in modSearch().  If an error
	 * is thrown, we'll delete the reference.
	 */
	duk_dup(ctx, DUK__IDX_RESOLVED_ID);
	duk_dup(ctx, DUK__IDX_MODULE);
	duk_put_prop(ctx, DUK__IDX_MODLOADED);  /* Duktape.modLoaded[resolved_id] = module */

	/*
	 *  Call user provided module search function and build the wrapped
	 *  module source code (if necessary).  The module search function
	 *  can be used to implement pure Ecmacsript, pure C, and mixed
	 *  Ecmascript/C modules.
	 *
	 *  The module search function can operate on the exports table directly
	 *  (e.g. DLL code can register values to it).  It can also return a
	 *  string which is interpreted as module source code (if a non-string
	 *  is returned the module is assumed to be a pure C one).  If a module
	 *  cannot be found, an error must be thrown by the user callback.
	 *
	 *  Because Duktape.modLoaded[] already contains the module being
	 *  loaded, circular references for C modules should also work
	 *  (although expected to be quite rare).
	 */

	duk_push_string(ctx, "(function(require,exports,module){");

	/* Duktape.modSearch(resolved_id, fresh_require, exports, module). */
	duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, DUK__IDX_DUKTAPE, DUK_STRIDX_MOD_SEARCH);  /* Duktape.modSearch */
	duk_dup(ctx, DUK__IDX_RESOLVED_ID);
	duk_dup(ctx, DUK__IDX_FRESH_REQUIRE);
	duk_dup(ctx, DUK__IDX_EXPORTS);
	duk_dup(ctx, DUK__IDX_MODULE);  /* [ ... Duktape.modSearch resolved_id last_comp fresh_require exports module ] */
	pcall_rc = duk_pcall(ctx, 4 /*nargs*/);  /* -> [ ... source ] */
	DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, DUK__IDX_MODULE + 3);

	if (pcall_rc != DUK_EXEC_SUCCESS) {
		/* Delete entry in Duktape.modLoaded[] and rethrow. */
		goto delete_rethrow;
	}

	/* If user callback did not return source code, module loading
	 * is finished (user callback initialized exports table directly).
	 */
	if (!duk_is_string(ctx, -1)) {
		/* User callback did not return source code, so module loading
		 * is finished: just update modLoaded with final module.exports
		 * and we're done.
		 */
		goto return_exports;
	}

	/* Finish the wrapped module source.  Force module.filename as the
	 * function .fileName so it gets set for functions defined within a
	 * module.  This also ensures loggers created within the module get
	 * the module ID (or overridden filename) as their default logger name.
	 * (Note capitalization: .filename matches Node.js while .fileName is
	 * used elsewhere in Duktape.)
	 */
	duk_push_string(ctx, "})");
	duk_concat(ctx, 3);
	if (!duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, DUK__IDX_MODULE, DUK_STRIDX_FILENAME)) {
		/* module.filename for .fileName, default to resolved ID if
		 * not present.
		 */
		duk_pop(ctx);
		duk_dup(ctx, DUK__IDX_RESOLVED_ID);
	}
	duk_eval_raw(ctx, NULL, 0, DUK_COMPILE_EVAL);

	/* Module has now evaluated to a wrapped module function.  Force its
	 * .name to match module.name (defaults to last component of resolved
	 * ID) so that it is shown in stack traces too.  Note that we must not
	 * introduce an actual name binding into the function scope (which is
	 * usually the case with a named function) because it would affect the
	 * scope seen by the module and shadow accesses to globals of the same name.
	 * This is now done by compiling the function as anonymous and then forcing
	 * its .name without setting a "has name binding" flag.
	 */

	duk_push_hstring_stridx(ctx, DUK_STRIDX_NAME);
	if (!duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, DUK__IDX_MODULE, DUK_STRIDX_NAME)) {
		/* module.name for .name, default to last component if
		 * not present.
		 */
		duk_pop(ctx);
		duk_dup(ctx, DUK__IDX_LASTCOMP);
	}
	duk_def_prop(ctx, -3, DUK_DEFPROP_HAVE_VALUE | DUK_DEFPROP_FORCE);

	/*
	 *  Call the wrapped module function.
	 *
	 *  Use a protected call so that we can update Duktape.modLoaded[resolved_id]
	 *  even if the module throws an error.
	 */

	/* [ requested_id require require.id resolved_id last_comp Duktape Duktape.modLoaded undefined fresh_require exports module mod_func ] */
	DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, DUK__IDX_MODULE + 2);

	duk_dup(ctx, DUK__IDX_EXPORTS);  /* exports (this binding) */
	duk_dup(ctx, DUK__IDX_FRESH_REQUIRE);  /* fresh require (argument) */
	duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, DUK__IDX_MODULE, DUK_STRIDX_EXPORTS);  /* relookup exports from module.exports in case it was changed by modSearch */
	duk_dup(ctx, DUK__IDX_MODULE);  /* module (argument) */
	DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, DUK__IDX_MODULE + 6);

	/* [ requested_id require require.id resolved_id last_comp Duktape Duktape.modLoaded undefined fresh_require exports module mod_func exports fresh_require exports module ] */

	pcall_rc = duk_pcall_method(ctx, 3 /*nargs*/);
	if (pcall_rc != DUK_EXEC_SUCCESS) {
		/* Module loading failed.  Node.js will forget the module
		 * registration so that another require() will try to load
		 * the module again.  Mimic that behavior.
		 */
		goto delete_rethrow;
	}

	/* [ requested_id require require.id resolved_id last_comp Duktape Duktape.modLoaded undefined fresh_require exports module result(ignored) ] */
	DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, DUK__IDX_MODULE + 2);

	/* fall through */

 return_exports:
	duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, DUK__IDX_MODULE, DUK_STRIDX_EXPORTS);
	duk_compact(ctx, -1);  /* compact the exports table */
	return 1;  /* return module.exports */

 delete_rethrow:
	duk_dup(ctx, DUK__IDX_RESOLVED_ID);
	duk_del_prop(ctx, DUK__IDX_MODLOADED);  /* delete Duktape.modLoaded[resolved_id] */
	duk_throw(ctx);  /* rethrow original error */
	return 0;  /* not reachable */
}

#undef DUK__IDX_REQUESTED_ID
#undef DUK__IDX_REQUIRE
#undef DUK__IDX_REQUIRE_ID
#undef DUK__IDX_RESOLVED_ID
#undef DUK__IDX_LASTCOMP
#undef DUK__IDX_DUKTAPE
#undef DUK__IDX_MODLOADED
#undef DUK__IDX_UNDEFINED
#undef DUK__IDX_FRESH_REQUIRE
#undef DUK__IDX_EXPORTS
#undef DUK__IDX_MODULE
#else
DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_global_object_require(duk_context *ctx) {
	DUK_UNREF(ctx);
	return DUK_RET_UNSUPPORTED_ERROR;
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_COMMONJS_MODULES */
/*
 *  JSON built-ins.
 *
 *  See doc/json.rst.
 *
 *  Codepoints are handled as duk_uint_fast32_t to ensure that the full
 *  unsigned 32-bit range is supported.  This matters to e.g. JX.
 *
 *  Input parsing doesn't do an explicit end-of-input check at all.  This is
 *  safe: input string data is always NUL-terminated (0x00) and valid JSON
 *  inputs never contain plain NUL characters, so that as long as syntax checks
 *  are correct, we'll never read past the NUL.  This approach reduces code size
 *  and improves parsing performance, but it's critical that syntax checks are
 *  indeed correct!
 */

/* include removed: duk_internal.h */

/*
 *  Local defines and forward declarations.
 */

#define DUK__JSON_DECSTR_BUFSIZE 128
#define DUK__JSON_DECSTR_CHUNKSIZE 64
#define DUK__JSON_ENCSTR_CHUNKSIZE 64
#define DUK__JSON_STRINGIFY_BUFSIZE 128
#define DUK__JSON_MAX_ESC_LEN 10  /* '\Udeadbeef' */

DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__dec_syntax_error(duk_json_dec_ctx *js_ctx);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__dec_eat_white(duk_json_dec_ctx *js_ctx);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL duk_uint8_t duk__dec_peek(duk_json_dec_ctx *js_ctx);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL duk_uint8_t duk__dec_get(duk_json_dec_ctx *js_ctx);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL duk_uint8_t duk__dec_get_nonwhite(duk_json_dec_ctx *js_ctx);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL duk_uint_fast32_t duk__dec_decode_hex_escape(duk_json_dec_ctx *js_ctx, duk_small_uint_t n);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__dec_req_stridx(duk_json_dec_ctx *js_ctx, duk_small_uint_t stridx);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__dec_string(duk_json_dec_ctx *js_ctx);
#ifdef DUK_USE_JX
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__dec_plain_string(duk_json_dec_ctx *js_ctx);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__dec_pointer(duk_json_dec_ctx *js_ctx);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__dec_buffer(duk_json_dec_ctx *js_ctx);
#endif
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__dec_number(duk_json_dec_ctx *js_ctx);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__dec_objarr_entry(duk_json_dec_ctx *js_ctx);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__dec_objarr_exit(duk_json_dec_ctx *js_ctx);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__dec_object(duk_json_dec_ctx *js_ctx);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__dec_array(duk_json_dec_ctx *js_ctx);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__dec_value(duk_json_dec_ctx *js_ctx);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__dec_reviver_walk(duk_json_dec_ctx *js_ctx);

DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__emit_1(duk_json_enc_ctx *js_ctx, duk_uint_fast8_t ch);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__emit_2(duk_json_enc_ctx *js_ctx, duk_uint_fast8_t ch1, duk_uint_fast8_t ch2);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__unemit_1(duk_json_enc_ctx *js_ctx);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__emit_hstring(duk_json_enc_ctx *js_ctx, duk_hstring *h);
#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__emit_cstring(duk_json_enc_ctx *js_ctx, const char *p);
#endif
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__emit_stridx(duk_json_enc_ctx *js_ctx, duk_small_uint_t stridx);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL duk_uint8_t *duk__emit_esc_auto_fast(duk_json_enc_ctx *js_ctx, duk_uint_fast32_t cp, duk_uint8_t *q);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__enc_key_autoquote(duk_json_enc_ctx *js_ctx, duk_hstring *k);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__enc_quote_string(duk_json_enc_ctx *js_ctx, duk_hstring *h_str);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__enc_objarr_entry(duk_json_enc_ctx *js_ctx, duk_idx_t *entry_top);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__enc_objarr_exit(duk_json_enc_ctx *js_ctx, duk_idx_t *entry_top);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__enc_object(duk_json_enc_ctx *js_ctx);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__enc_array(duk_json_enc_ctx *js_ctx);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL duk_bool_t duk__enc_value(duk_json_enc_ctx *js_ctx, duk_idx_t idx_holder);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL duk_bool_t duk__enc_allow_into_proplist(duk_tval *tv);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__enc_double(duk_json_enc_ctx *js_ctx);
#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__enc_fastint_tval(duk_json_enc_ctx *js_ctx, duk_tval *tv);
#endif
#if defined(DUK_USE_JX) || defined(DUK_USE_JC)
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__enc_buffer(duk_json_enc_ctx *js_ctx, duk_hbuffer *h);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__enc_pointer(duk_json_enc_ctx *js_ctx, void *ptr);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__enc_bufferobject(duk_json_enc_ctx *js_ctx, duk_hbufferobject *h_bufobj);
#endif
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__enc_newline_indent(duk_json_enc_ctx *js_ctx, duk_int_t depth);

/*
 *  Helper tables
 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_JSON_QUOTESTRING_FASTPATH)
DUK_LOCAL const duk_uint8_t duk__json_quotestr_lookup[256] = {
	/* 0x00 ... 0x7f: as is
	 * 0x80: escape generically
	 * 0x81: slow path
	 * 0xa0 ... 0xff: backslash + one char
	 */

	0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0xe2, 0xf4, 0xee, 0x80, 0xe6, 0xf2, 0x80, 0x80,
	0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80,
	0x20, 0x21, 0xa2, 0x23, 0x24, 0x25, 0x26, 0x27, 0x28, 0x29, 0x2a, 0x2b, 0x2c, 0x2d, 0x2e, 0x2f,
	0x30, 0x31, 0x32, 0x33, 0x34, 0x35, 0x36, 0x37, 0x38, 0x39, 0x3a, 0x3b, 0x3c, 0x3d, 0x3e, 0x3f,
	0x40, 0x41, 0x42, 0x43, 0x44, 0x45, 0x46, 0x47, 0x48, 0x49, 0x4a, 0x4b, 0x4c, 0x4d, 0x4e, 0x4f,
	0x50, 0x51, 0x52, 0x53, 0x54, 0x55, 0x56, 0x57, 0x58, 0x59, 0x5a, 0x5b, 0xdc, 0x5d, 0x5e, 0x5f,
	0x60, 0x61, 0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66, 0x67, 0x68, 0x69, 0x6a, 0x6b, 0x6c, 0x6d, 0x6e, 0x6f,
	0x70, 0x71, 0x72, 0x73, 0x74, 0x75, 0x76, 0x77, 0x78, 0x79, 0x7a, 0x7b, 0x7c, 0x7d, 0x7e, 0x81,
	0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81,
	0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81,
	0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81,
	0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81,
	0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81,
	0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81,
	0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81,
	0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81
};
#else  /* DUK_USE_JSON_QUOTESTRING_FASTPATH */
DUK_LOCAL const duk_uint8_t duk__json_quotestr_esc[14] = {
	DUK_ASC_NUL, DUK_ASC_NUL, DUK_ASC_NUL, DUK_ASC_NUL,
	DUK_ASC_NUL, DUK_ASC_NUL, DUK_ASC_NUL, DUK_ASC_NUL,
	DUK_ASC_LC_B, DUK_ASC_LC_T, DUK_ASC_LC_N, DUK_ASC_NUL,
	DUK_ASC_LC_F, DUK_ASC_LC_R
};
#endif  /* DUK_USE_JSON_QUOTESTRING_FASTPATH */

#if defined(DUK_USE_JSON_DECSTRING_FASTPATH)
DUK_LOCAL const duk_uint8_t duk__json_decstr_lookup[256] = {
	/* 0x00: slow path
	 * other: as is
	 */
	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
	0x20, 0x21, 0x00, 0x23, 0x24, 0x25, 0x26, 0x27, 0x28, 0x29, 0x2a, 0x2b, 0x2c, 0x2d, 0x2e, 0x2f,
	0x30, 0x31, 0x32, 0x33, 0x34, 0x35, 0x36, 0x37, 0x38, 0x39, 0x3a, 0x3b, 0x3c, 0x3d, 0x3e, 0x3f,
	0x40, 0x41, 0x42, 0x43, 0x44, 0x45, 0x46, 0x47, 0x48, 0x49, 0x4a, 0x4b, 0x4c, 0x4d, 0x4e, 0x4f,
	0x50, 0x51, 0x52, 0x53, 0x54, 0x55, 0x56, 0x57, 0x58, 0x59, 0x5a, 0x5b, 0x00, 0x5d, 0x5e, 0x5f,
	0x60, 0x61, 0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66, 0x67, 0x68, 0x69, 0x6a, 0x6b, 0x6c, 0x6d, 0x6e, 0x6f,
	0x70, 0x71, 0x72, 0x73, 0x74, 0x75, 0x76, 0x77, 0x78, 0x79, 0x7a, 0x7b, 0x7c, 0x7d, 0x7e, 0x7f,
	0x80, 0x81, 0x82, 0x83, 0x84, 0x85, 0x86, 0x87, 0x88, 0x89, 0x8a, 0x8b, 0x8c, 0x8d, 0x8e, 0x8f,
	0x90, 0x91, 0x92, 0x93, 0x94, 0x95, 0x96, 0x97, 0x98, 0x99, 0x9a, 0x9b, 0x9c, 0x9d, 0x9e, 0x9f,
	0xa0, 0xa1, 0xa2, 0xa3, 0xa4, 0xa5, 0xa6, 0xa7, 0xa8, 0xa9, 0xaa, 0xab, 0xac, 0xad, 0xae, 0xaf,
	0xb0, 0xb1, 0xb2, 0xb3, 0xb4, 0xb5, 0xb6, 0xb7, 0xb8, 0xb9, 0xba, 0xbb, 0xbc, 0xbd, 0xbe, 0xbf,
	0xc0, 0xc1, 0xc2, 0xc3, 0xc4, 0xc5, 0xc6, 0xc7, 0xc8, 0xc9, 0xca, 0xcb, 0xcc, 0xcd, 0xce, 0xcf,
	0xd0, 0xd1, 0xd2, 0xd3, 0xd4, 0xd5, 0xd6, 0xd7, 0xd8, 0xd9, 0xda, 0xdb, 0xdc, 0xdd, 0xde, 0xdf,
	0xe0, 0xe1, 0xe2, 0xe3, 0xe4, 0xe5, 0xe6, 0xe7, 0xe8, 0xe9, 0xea, 0xeb, 0xec, 0xed, 0xee, 0xef,
	0xf0, 0xf1, 0xf2, 0xf3, 0xf4, 0xf5, 0xf6, 0xf7, 0xf8, 0xf9, 0xfa, 0xfb, 0xfc, 0xfd, 0xfe, 0xff
};
#endif  /* DUK_USE_JSON_DECSTRING_FASTPATH */

#if defined(DUK_USE_JSON_EATWHITE_FASTPATH)
DUK_LOCAL const duk_uint8_t duk__json_eatwhite_lookup[256] = {
	/* 0x00: finish (non-white)
	 * 0x01: continue
	 */
	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00,
	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
	0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00
};
#endif  /* DUK_USE_JSON_EATWHITE_FASTPATH */

#if defined(DUK_USE_JSON_DECNUMBER_FASTPATH)
DUK_LOCAL const duk_uint8_t duk__json_decnumber_lookup[256] = {
	/* 0x00: finish (not part of number)
	 * 0x01: continue
	 */
	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x01, 0x01, 0x00,
	0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00
};
#endif  /* DUK_USE_JSON_DECNUMBER_FASTPATH */

/*
 *  Parsing implementation.
 *
 *  JSON lexer is now separate from duk_lexer.c because there are numerous
 *  small differences making it difficult to share the lexer.
 *
 *  The parser here works with raw bytes directly; this works because all
 *  JSON delimiters are ASCII characters.  Invalid xUTF-8 encoded values
 *  inside strings will be passed on without normalization; this is not a
 *  compliance concern because compliant inputs will always be valid
 *  CESU-8 encodings.
 */

DUK_LOCAL void duk__dec_syntax_error(duk_json_dec_ctx *js_ctx) {
	/* Shared handler to minimize parser size.  Cause will be
	 * hidden, unfortunately, but we'll have an offset which
	 * is often quite enough.
	 */
	DUK_ERROR_FMT1(js_ctx->thr, DUK_ERR_SYNTAX_ERROR, DUK_STR_FMT_INVALID_JSON,
	               (long) (js_ctx->p - js_ctx->p_start));
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__dec_eat_white(duk_json_dec_ctx *js_ctx) {
	const duk_uint8_t *p;
	duk_uint8_t t;

	p = js_ctx->p;
	for (;;) {
		DUK_ASSERT(p <= js_ctx->p_end);
		t = *p;

#if defined(DUK_USE_JSON_EATWHITE_FASTPATH)
		/* This fast path is pretty marginal in practice.
		 * XXX: candidate for removal.
		 */
		DUK_ASSERT(duk__json_eatwhite_lookup[0x00] == 0x00);  /* end-of-input breaks */
		if (duk__json_eatwhite_lookup[t] == 0) {
			break;
		}
#else  /* DUK_USE_JSON_EATWHITE_FASTPATH */
		if (!(t == 0x20 || t == 0x0a || t == 0x0d || t == 0x09)) {
			/* NUL also comes here.  Comparison order matters, 0x20
			 * is most common whitespace.
			 */
			break;
		}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_JSON_EATWHITE_FASTPATH */
		p++;
	}
	js_ctx->p = p;
}

DUK_LOCAL duk_uint8_t duk__dec_peek(duk_json_dec_ctx *js_ctx) {
	DUK_ASSERT(js_ctx->p <= js_ctx->p_end);
	return *js_ctx->p;
}

DUK_LOCAL duk_uint8_t duk__dec_get(duk_json_dec_ctx *js_ctx) {
	DUK_ASSERT(js_ctx->p <= js_ctx->p_end);
	return *js_ctx->p++;
}

DUK_LOCAL duk_uint8_t duk__dec_get_nonwhite(duk_json_dec_ctx *js_ctx) {
	duk__dec_eat_white(js_ctx);
	return duk__dec_get(js_ctx);
}

/* For JX, expressing the whole unsigned 32-bit range matters. */
DUK_LOCAL duk_uint_fast32_t duk__dec_decode_hex_escape(duk_json_dec_ctx *js_ctx, duk_small_uint_t n) {
	duk_small_uint_t i;
	duk_uint_fast32_t res = 0;
	duk_uint8_t x;
	duk_small_int_t t;

	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		/* XXX: share helper from lexer; duk_lexer.c / hexval(). */

		x = duk__dec_get(js_ctx);
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("decode_hex_escape: i=%ld, n=%ld, res=%ld, x=%ld",
		                     (long) i, (long) n, (long) res, (long) x));

		/* x == 0x00 (EOF) causes syntax_error */
		DUK_ASSERT(duk_hex_dectab[0] == -1);
		t = duk_hex_dectab[x & 0xff];
		if (DUK_LIKELY(t >= 0)) {
			res = (res * 16) + t;
		} else {
			/* catches EOF and invalid digits */
			goto syntax_error;
		}
	}

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("final hex decoded value: %ld", (long) res));
	return res;

 syntax_error:
	duk__dec_syntax_error(js_ctx);
	DUK_UNREACHABLE();
	return 0;
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__dec_req_stridx(duk_json_dec_ctx *js_ctx, duk_small_uint_t stridx) {
	duk_hstring *h;
	const duk_uint8_t *p;
	duk_uint8_t x, y;

	/* First character has already been eaten and checked by the caller.
	 * We can scan until a NUL in stridx string because no built-in strings
	 * have internal NULs.
	 */

	DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(stridx >= 0);  /* unsigned */
	DUK_ASSERT(stridx < DUK_HEAP_NUM_STRINGS);
	h = DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING(js_ctx->thr, stridx);
	DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);

	p = (const duk_uint8_t *) DUK_HSTRING_GET_DATA(h) + 1;
	DUK_ASSERT(*(js_ctx->p - 1) == *(p - 1));  /* first character has been matched */

	for (;;) {
		x = *p;
		if (x == 0) {
			break;
		}
		y = duk__dec_get(js_ctx);
		if (x != y) {
			/* Catches EOF of JSON input. */
			goto syntax_error;
		}
		p++;
	}

	return;

 syntax_error:
	duk__dec_syntax_error(js_ctx);
	DUK_UNREACHABLE();
}

DUK_LOCAL duk_small_int_t duk__dec_string_escape(duk_json_dec_ctx *js_ctx, duk_uint8_t **ext_p) {
	duk_uint_fast32_t cp;

	/* EOF (-1) will be cast to an unsigned value first
	 * and then re-cast for the switch.  In any case, it
	 * will match the default case (syntax error).
	 */
	cp = (duk_uint_fast32_t) duk__dec_get(js_ctx);
	switch ((int) cp) {
	case DUK_ASC_BACKSLASH: break;
	case DUK_ASC_DOUBLEQUOTE: break;
	case DUK_ASC_SLASH: break;
	case DUK_ASC_LC_T: cp = 0x09; break;
	case DUK_ASC_LC_N: cp = 0x0a; break;
	case DUK_ASC_LC_R: cp = 0x0d; break;
	case DUK_ASC_LC_F: cp = 0x0c; break;
	case DUK_ASC_LC_B: cp = 0x08; break;
	case DUK_ASC_LC_U: {
		cp = duk__dec_decode_hex_escape(js_ctx, 4);
		break;
	}
#ifdef DUK_USE_JX
	case DUK_ASC_UC_U: {
		if (js_ctx->flag_ext_custom) {
			cp = duk__dec_decode_hex_escape(js_ctx, 8);
		} else {
			return 1;  /* syntax error */
		}
		break;
	}
	case DUK_ASC_LC_X: {
		if (js_ctx->flag_ext_custom) {
			cp = duk__dec_decode_hex_escape(js_ctx, 2);
		} else {
			return 1;  /* syntax error */
		}
		break;
	}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_JX */
	default:
		/* catches EOF (0x00) */
		return 1;  /* syntax error */
	}

	DUK_RAW_WRITE_XUTF8(*ext_p, cp);

	return 0;
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__dec_string(duk_json_dec_ctx *js_ctx) {
	duk_hthread *thr = js_ctx->thr;
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk_bufwriter_ctx bw_alloc;
	duk_bufwriter_ctx *bw;
	duk_uint8_t *q;

	/* '"' was eaten by caller */

	/* Note that we currently parse -bytes-, not codepoints.
	 * All non-ASCII extended UTF-8 will encode to bytes >= 0x80,
	 * so they'll simply pass through (valid UTF-8 or not).
	 */

	bw = &bw_alloc;
	DUK_BW_INIT_PUSHBUF(js_ctx->thr, bw, DUK__JSON_DECSTR_BUFSIZE);
	q = DUK_BW_GET_PTR(js_ctx->thr, bw);

#if defined(DUK_USE_JSON_DECSTRING_FASTPATH)
	for (;;) {
		duk_small_uint_t safe;
		duk_uint8_t b, x;
		const duk_uint8_t *p;

		/* Select a safe loop count where no output checks are
		 * needed assuming we won't encounter escapes.  Input
		 * bound checks are not necessary as a NUL (guaranteed)
		 * will cause a SyntaxError before we read out of bounds.
		 */

		safe = DUK__JSON_DECSTR_CHUNKSIZE;

		/* Ensure space for 1:1 output plus one escape. */
		q = DUK_BW_ENSURE_RAW(js_ctx->thr, bw, safe + DUK_UNICODE_MAX_XUTF8_LENGTH, q);

		p = js_ctx->p;  /* temp copy, write back for next loop */
		for (;;) {
			if (safe == 0) {
				js_ctx->p = p;
				break;
			}
			safe--;

			/* End of input (NUL) goes through slow path and causes SyntaxError. */
			DUK_ASSERT(duk__json_decstr_lookup[0] == 0x00);

			b = *p++;
			x = (duk_small_int_t) duk__json_decstr_lookup[b];
			if (DUK_LIKELY(x != 0)) {
				/* Fast path, decode as is. */
				*q++ = b;
			} else if (b == DUK_ASC_DOUBLEQUOTE) {
				js_ctx->p = p;
				goto found_quote;
			} else if (b == DUK_ASC_BACKSLASH) {
				/* We've ensured space for one escaped input; then
				 * bail out and recheck (this makes escape handling
				 * quite slow but it's uncommon).
				 */
				js_ctx->p = p;
				if (duk__dec_string_escape(js_ctx, &q) != 0) {
					goto syntax_error;
				}
				break;
			} else {
				js_ctx->p = p;
				goto syntax_error;
			}
		}
	}
 found_quote:
#else  /* DUK_USE_JSON_DECSTRING_FASTPATH */
	for (;;) {
		duk_uint8_t x;

		q = DUK_BW_ENSURE_RAW(js_ctx->thr, bw, DUK_UNICODE_MAX_XUTF8_LENGTH, q);

		x = duk__dec_get(js_ctx);

		if (x == DUK_ASC_DOUBLEQUOTE) {
			break;
		} else if (x == DUK_ASC_BACKSLASH) {
			if (duk__dec_string_escape(js_ctx, &q) != 0) {
				goto syntax_error;
			}
		} else if (x < 0x20) {
			/* catches EOF (NUL) */
			goto syntax_error;
		} else {
			*q++ = (duk_uint8_t) x;
		}
	}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_JSON_DECSTRING_FASTPATH */

	DUK_BW_SETPTR_AND_COMPACT(js_ctx->thr, bw, q);
	duk_to_string(ctx, -1);

	/* [ ... str ] */

	return;

 syntax_error:
	duk__dec_syntax_error(js_ctx);
	DUK_UNREACHABLE();
}

#ifdef DUK_USE_JX
/* Decode a plain string consisting entirely of identifier characters.
 * Used to parse plain keys (e.g. "foo: 123").
 */
DUK_LOCAL void duk__dec_plain_string(duk_json_dec_ctx *js_ctx) {
	duk_hthread *thr = js_ctx->thr;
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	const duk_uint8_t *p;
	duk_small_int_t x;

	/* Caller has already eaten the first char so backtrack one byte. */

	js_ctx->p--;  /* safe */
	p = js_ctx->p;

	/* Here again we parse bytes, and non-ASCII UTF-8 will cause end of
	 * parsing (which is correct except if there are non-shortest encodings).
	 * There is also no need to check explicitly for end of input buffer as
	 * the input is NUL padded and NUL will exit the parsing loop.
	 *
	 * Because no unescaping takes place, we can just scan to the end of the
	 * plain string and intern from the input buffer.
	 */

	for (;;) {
		x = *p;

		/* There is no need to check the first character specially here
		 * (i.e. reject digits): the caller only accepts valid initial
		 * characters and won't call us if the first character is a digit.
		 * This also ensures that the plain string won't be empty.
		 */

		if (!duk_unicode_is_identifier_part((duk_codepoint_t) x)) {
			break;
		}
		p++;
	}

	duk_push_lstring(ctx, (const char *) js_ctx->p, (duk_size_t) (p - js_ctx->p));
	js_ctx->p = p;

	/* [ ... str ] */
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_JX */

#ifdef DUK_USE_JX
DUK_LOCAL void duk__dec_pointer(duk_json_dec_ctx *js_ctx) {
	duk_hthread *thr = js_ctx->thr;
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	const duk_uint8_t *p;
	duk_small_int_t x;
	void *voidptr;

	/* Caller has already eaten the first character ('(') which we don't need. */

	p = js_ctx->p;

	for (;;) {
		x = *p;

		/* Assume that the native representation never contains a closing
		 * parenthesis.
		 */

		if (x == DUK_ASC_RPAREN) {
			break;
		} else if (x <= 0) {
			/* NUL term or -1 (EOF), NUL check would suffice */
			goto syntax_error;
		}
		p++;
	}

	/* There is no need to NUL delimit the sscanf() call: trailing garbage is
	 * ignored and there is always a NUL terminator which will force an error
	 * if no error is encountered before it.  It's possible that the scan
	 * would scan further than between [js_ctx->p,p[ though and we'd advance
	 * by less than the scanned value.
	 *
	 * Because pointers are platform specific, a failure to scan a pointer
	 * results in a null pointer which is a better placeholder than a missing
	 * value or an error.
	 */

	voidptr = NULL;
	(void) DUK_SSCANF((const char *) js_ctx->p, DUK_STR_FMT_PTR, &voidptr);
	duk_push_pointer(ctx, voidptr);
	js_ctx->p = p + 1;  /* skip ')' */

	/* [ ... ptr ] */

	return;

 syntax_error:
	duk__dec_syntax_error(js_ctx);
	DUK_UNREACHABLE();
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_JX */

#ifdef DUK_USE_JX
DUK_LOCAL void duk__dec_buffer(duk_json_dec_ctx *js_ctx) {
	duk_hthread *thr = js_ctx->thr;
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	const duk_uint8_t *p;
	duk_uint8_t *buf;
	duk_size_t src_len;
	duk_small_int_t x;

	/* Caller has already eaten the first character ('|') which we don't need. */

	p = js_ctx->p;

	/* XXX: Would be nice to share the fast path loop from duk_hex_decode()
	 * and avoid creating a temporary buffer.  However, there are some
	 * differences which prevent trivial sharing:
	 *
	 *   - Pipe char detection
	 *   - EOF detection
	 *   - Unknown length of input and output
	 *
	 * The best approach here would be a bufwriter and a reasonaly sized
	 * safe inner loop (e.g. 64 output bytes at a time).
	 */

	for (;;) {
		x = *p;

		/* This loop intentionally does not ensure characters are valid
		 * ([0-9a-fA-F]) because the hex decode call below will do that.
		 */
		if (x == DUK_ASC_PIPE) {
			break;
		} else if (x <= 0) {
			/* NUL term or -1 (EOF), NUL check would suffice */
			goto syntax_error;
		}
		p++;
	}

	src_len = (duk_size_t) (p - js_ctx->p);
	buf = (duk_uint8_t *) duk_push_fixed_buffer(ctx, src_len);
	DUK_ASSERT(buf != NULL);
	DUK_MEMCPY((void *) buf, (const void *) js_ctx->p, src_len);
	duk_hex_decode(ctx, -1);

	js_ctx->p = p + 1;  /* skip '|' */

	/* [ ... buf ] */

	return;

 syntax_error:
	duk__dec_syntax_error(js_ctx);
	DUK_UNREACHABLE();
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_JX */

/* Parse a number, other than NaN or +/- Infinity */
DUK_LOCAL void duk__dec_number(duk_json_dec_ctx *js_ctx) {
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) js_ctx->thr;
	const duk_uint8_t *p_start;
	const duk_uint8_t *p;
	duk_uint8_t x;
	duk_small_uint_t s2n_flags;

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("parse_number"));

	p_start = js_ctx->p;

	/* First pass parse is very lenient (e.g. allows '1.2.3') and extracts a
	 * string for strict number parsing.
	 */

	p = js_ctx->p;
	for (;;) {
		x = *p;

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("parse_number: p_start=%p, p=%p, p_end=%p, x=%ld",
		                     (const void *) p_start, (const void *) p,
		                     (const void *) js_ctx->p_end, (long) x));

#if defined(DUK_USE_JSON_DECNUMBER_FASTPATH)
		/* This fast path is pretty marginal in practice.
		 * XXX: candidate for removal.
		 */
		DUK_ASSERT(duk__json_decnumber_lookup[0x00] == 0x00);  /* end-of-input breaks */
		if (duk__json_decnumber_lookup[x] == 0) {
			break;
		}
#else  /* DUK_USE_JSON_DECNUMBER_FASTPATH */
		if (!((x >= DUK_ASC_0 && x <= DUK_ASC_9) ||
		      (x == DUK_ASC_PERIOD || x == DUK_ASC_LC_E ||
		       x == DUK_ASC_UC_E || x == DUK_ASC_MINUS || x == DUK_ASC_PLUS))) {
			/* Plus sign must be accepted for positive exponents
			 * (e.g. '1.5e+2').  This clause catches NULs.
			 */
			break;
		}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_JSON_DECNUMBER_FASTPATH */
		p++;  /* safe, because matched (NUL causes a break) */
	}
	js_ctx->p = p;

	DUK_ASSERT(js_ctx->p > p_start);
	duk_push_lstring(ctx, (const char *) p_start, (duk_size_t) (p - p_start));

	s2n_flags = DUK_S2N_FLAG_ALLOW_EXP |
	            DUK_S2N_FLAG_ALLOW_MINUS |  /* but don't allow leading plus */
	            DUK_S2N_FLAG_ALLOW_FRAC;

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("parse_number: string before parsing: %!T",
	                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));
	duk_numconv_parse(ctx, 10 /*radix*/, s2n_flags);
	if (duk_is_nan(ctx, -1)) {
		duk__dec_syntax_error(js_ctx);
	}
	DUK_ASSERT(duk_is_number(ctx, -1));
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("parse_number: final number: %!T",
	                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));

	/* [ ... num ] */
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__dec_objarr_entry(duk_json_dec_ctx *js_ctx) {
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) js_ctx->thr;
	duk_require_stack(ctx, DUK_JSON_DEC_REQSTACK);

	/* c recursion check */

	DUK_ASSERT(js_ctx->recursion_depth >= 0);
	DUK_ASSERT(js_ctx->recursion_depth <= js_ctx->recursion_limit);
	if (js_ctx->recursion_depth >= js_ctx->recursion_limit) {
		DUK_ERROR_RANGE((duk_hthread *) ctx, DUK_STR_JSONDEC_RECLIMIT);
	}
	js_ctx->recursion_depth++;
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__dec_objarr_exit(duk_json_dec_ctx *js_ctx) {
	/* c recursion check */

	DUK_ASSERT(js_ctx->recursion_depth > 0);
	DUK_ASSERT(js_ctx->recursion_depth <= js_ctx->recursion_limit);
	js_ctx->recursion_depth--;
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__dec_object(duk_json_dec_ctx *js_ctx) {
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) js_ctx->thr;
	duk_int_t key_count;  /* XXX: a "first" flag would suffice */
	duk_uint8_t x;

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("parse_object"));

	duk__dec_objarr_entry(js_ctx);

	duk_push_object(ctx);

	/* Initial '{' has been checked and eaten by caller. */

	key_count = 0;
	for (;;) {
		x = duk__dec_get_nonwhite(js_ctx);

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("parse_object: obj=%!T, x=%ld, key_count=%ld",
		                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1),
		                     (long) x, (long) key_count));

		/* handle comma and closing brace */

		if (x == DUK_ASC_COMMA && key_count > 0) {
			/* accept comma, expect new value */
			x = duk__dec_get_nonwhite(js_ctx);
		} else if (x == DUK_ASC_RCURLY) {
			/* eat closing brace */
			break;
		} else if (key_count == 0) {
			/* accept anything, expect first value (EOF will be
			 * caught by key parsing below.
			 */
			;
		} else {
			/* catches EOF (NUL) and initial comma */
			goto syntax_error;
		}

		/* parse key and value */

		if (x == DUK_ASC_DOUBLEQUOTE) {
			duk__dec_string(js_ctx);
#ifdef DUK_USE_JX
		} else if (js_ctx->flag_ext_custom &&
		           duk_unicode_is_identifier_start((duk_codepoint_t) x)) {
			duk__dec_plain_string(js_ctx);
#endif
		} else {
			goto syntax_error;
		}

		/* [ ... obj key ] */

		x = duk__dec_get_nonwhite(js_ctx);
		if (x != DUK_ASC_COLON) {
			goto syntax_error;
		}

		duk__dec_value(js_ctx);

		/* [ ... obj key val ] */

		duk_xdef_prop_wec(ctx, -3);

		/* [ ... obj ] */

		key_count++;
	}

	/* [ ... obj ] */

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("parse_object: final object is %!T",
	                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));

	duk__dec_objarr_exit(js_ctx);
	return;

 syntax_error:
	duk__dec_syntax_error(js_ctx);
	DUK_UNREACHABLE();
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__dec_array(duk_json_dec_ctx *js_ctx) {
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) js_ctx->thr;
	duk_uarridx_t arr_idx;
	duk_uint8_t x;

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("parse_array"));

	duk__dec_objarr_entry(js_ctx);

	duk_push_array(ctx);

	/* Initial '[' has been checked and eaten by caller. */

	arr_idx = 0;
	for (;;) {
		x = duk__dec_get_nonwhite(js_ctx);

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("parse_array: arr=%!T, x=%ld, arr_idx=%ld",
		                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1),
		                     (long) x, (long) arr_idx));

		/* handle comma and closing bracket */

		if ((x == DUK_ASC_COMMA) && (arr_idx != 0)) {
			/* accept comma, expect new value */
			;
		} else if (x == DUK_ASC_RBRACKET) {
			/* eat closing bracket */
			break;
		} else if (arr_idx == 0) {
			/* accept anything, expect first value (EOF will be
			 * caught by duk__dec_value() below.
			 */
			js_ctx->p--;  /* backtrack (safe) */
		} else {
			/* catches EOF (NUL) and initial comma */
			goto syntax_error;
		}

		/* parse value */

		duk__dec_value(js_ctx);

		/* [ ... arr val ] */

		duk_xdef_prop_index_wec(ctx, -2, arr_idx);
		arr_idx++;
	}

	/* Must set 'length' explicitly when using duk_xdef_prop_xxx() to
	 * set the values.
	 */

	duk_set_length(ctx, -1, arr_idx);

	/* [ ... arr ] */

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("parse_array: final array is %!T",
	                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));

	duk__dec_objarr_exit(js_ctx);
	return;

 syntax_error:
	duk__dec_syntax_error(js_ctx);
	DUK_UNREACHABLE();
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__dec_value(duk_json_dec_ctx *js_ctx) {
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) js_ctx->thr;
	duk_uint8_t x;

	x = duk__dec_get_nonwhite(js_ctx);

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("parse_value: initial x=%ld", (long) x));

	/* Note: duk__dec_req_stridx() backtracks one char */

	if (x == DUK_ASC_DOUBLEQUOTE) {
		duk__dec_string(js_ctx);
	} else if ((x >= DUK_ASC_0 && x <= DUK_ASC_9) || (x == DUK_ASC_MINUS)) {
#ifdef DUK_USE_JX
		if (js_ctx->flag_ext_custom && x == DUK_ASC_MINUS && duk__dec_peek(js_ctx) == DUK_ASC_UC_I) {
			duk__dec_req_stridx(js_ctx, DUK_STRIDX_MINUS_INFINITY);  /* "-Infinity", '-' has been eaten */
			duk_push_number(ctx, -DUK_DOUBLE_INFINITY);
		} else {
#else
		{  /* unconditional block */
#endif
			/* We already ate 'x', so backup one byte. */
			js_ctx->p--;  /* safe */
			duk__dec_number(js_ctx);
		}
	} else if (x == DUK_ASC_LC_T) {
		duk__dec_req_stridx(js_ctx, DUK_STRIDX_TRUE);
		duk_push_true(ctx);
	} else if (x == DUK_ASC_LC_F) {
		duk__dec_req_stridx(js_ctx, DUK_STRIDX_FALSE);
		duk_push_false(ctx);
	} else if (x == DUK_ASC_LC_N) {
		duk__dec_req_stridx(js_ctx, DUK_STRIDX_LC_NULL);
		duk_push_null(ctx);
#ifdef DUK_USE_JX
	} else if (js_ctx->flag_ext_custom && x == DUK_ASC_LC_U) {
		duk__dec_req_stridx(js_ctx, DUK_STRIDX_LC_UNDEFINED);
		duk_push_undefined(ctx);
	} else if (js_ctx->flag_ext_custom && x == DUK_ASC_UC_N) {
		duk__dec_req_stridx(js_ctx, DUK_STRIDX_NAN);
		duk_push_nan(ctx);
	} else if (js_ctx->flag_ext_custom && x == DUK_ASC_UC_I) {
		duk__dec_req_stridx(js_ctx, DUK_STRIDX_INFINITY);
		duk_push_number(ctx, DUK_DOUBLE_INFINITY);
	} else if (js_ctx->flag_ext_custom && x == DUK_ASC_LPAREN) {
		duk__dec_pointer(js_ctx);
	} else if (js_ctx->flag_ext_custom && x == DUK_ASC_PIPE) {
		duk__dec_buffer(js_ctx);
#endif
	} else if (x == DUK_ASC_LCURLY) {
		duk__dec_object(js_ctx);
	} else if (x == DUK_ASC_LBRACKET) {
		duk__dec_array(js_ctx);
	} else {
		/* catches EOF (NUL) */
		goto syntax_error;
	}

	duk__dec_eat_white(js_ctx);

	/* [ ... val ] */
	return;

 syntax_error:
	duk__dec_syntax_error(js_ctx);
	DUK_UNREACHABLE();
}

/* Recursive value reviver, implements the Walk() algorithm.  No C recursion
 * check is done here because the initial parsing step will already ensure
 * there is a reasonable limit on C recursion depth and hence object depth.
 */
DUK_LOCAL void duk__dec_reviver_walk(duk_json_dec_ctx *js_ctx) {
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) js_ctx->thr;
	duk_hobject *h;
	duk_uarridx_t i, arr_len;

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("walk: top=%ld, holder=%!T, name=%!T",
	                     (long) duk_get_top(ctx),
	                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -2),
	                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));

	duk_dup_top(ctx);
	duk_get_prop(ctx, -3);  /* -> [ ... holder name val ] */

	h = duk_get_hobject(ctx, -1);
	if (h != NULL) {
		if (DUK_HOBJECT_GET_CLASS_NUMBER(h) == DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_ARRAY) {
			arr_len = (duk_uarridx_t) duk_get_length(ctx, -1);
			for (i = 0; i < arr_len; i++) {
				/* [ ... holder name val ] */

				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("walk: array, top=%ld, i=%ld, arr_len=%ld, holder=%!T, name=%!T, val=%!T",
				                     (long) duk_get_top(ctx), (long) i, (long) arr_len,
				                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -3), (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -2),
				                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));

				/* XXX: push_uint_string / push_u32_string */
				duk_dup_top(ctx);
				duk_push_uint(ctx, (duk_uint_t) i);
				duk_to_string(ctx, -1);  /* -> [ ... holder name val val ToString(i) ] */
				duk__dec_reviver_walk(js_ctx);  /* -> [ ... holder name val new_elem ] */

				if (duk_is_undefined(ctx, -1)) {
					duk_pop(ctx);
					duk_del_prop_index(ctx, -1, i);
				} else {
					/* XXX: duk_xdef_prop_index_wec() would be more appropriate
					 * here but it currently makes some assumptions that might
					 * not hold (e.g. that previous property is not an accessor).
					 */
					duk_put_prop_index(ctx, -2, i);
				}
			}
		} else {
			/* [ ... holder name val ] */
			duk_enum(ctx, -1, DUK_ENUM_OWN_PROPERTIES_ONLY /*flags*/);
			while (duk_next(ctx, -1 /*enum_index*/, 0 /*get_value*/)) {
				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("walk: object, top=%ld, holder=%!T, name=%!T, val=%!T, enum=%!iT, obj_key=%!T",
				                     (long) duk_get_top(ctx), (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -5),
				                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -4), (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -3),
				                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -2), (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));

				/* [ ... holder name val enum obj_key ] */
				duk_dup(ctx, -3);
				duk_dup(ctx, -2);

				/* [ ... holder name val enum obj_key val obj_key ] */
				duk__dec_reviver_walk(js_ctx);

				/* [ ... holder name val enum obj_key new_elem ] */
				if (duk_is_undefined(ctx, -1)) {
					duk_pop(ctx);
					duk_del_prop(ctx, -3);
				} else {
					/* XXX: duk_xdef_prop_index_wec() would be more appropriate
					 * here but it currently makes some assumptions that might
					 * not hold (e.g. that previous property is not an accessor).
					 *
					 * Using duk_put_prop() works incorrectly with '__proto__'
					 * if the own property with that name has been deleted.  This
					 * does not happen normally, but a clever reviver can trigger
					 * that, see complex reviver case in: test-bug-json-parse-__proto__.js.
					 */
					duk_put_prop(ctx, -4);
				}
			}
			duk_pop(ctx);  /* pop enum */
		}
	}

	/* [ ... holder name val ] */

	duk_dup(ctx, js_ctx->idx_reviver);
	duk_insert(ctx, -4);  /* -> [ ... reviver holder name val ] */
	duk_call_method(ctx, 2);  /* -> [ ... res ] */

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("walk: top=%ld, result=%!T",
	                     (long) duk_get_top(ctx), (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));
}

/*
 *  Stringify implementation.
 */

#define DUK__EMIT_1(js_ctx,ch)          duk__emit_1((js_ctx), (duk_uint_fast8_t) (ch))
#define DUK__EMIT_2(js_ctx,ch1,ch2)     duk__emit_2((js_ctx), (duk_uint_fast8_t) (ch1), (duk_uint_fast8_t) (ch2))
#define DUK__EMIT_HSTR(js_ctx,h)        duk__emit_hstring((js_ctx), (h))
#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT) || defined(DUK_USE_JX) || defined(DUK_USE_JC)
#define DUK__EMIT_CSTR(js_ctx,p)        duk__emit_cstring((js_ctx), (p))
#endif
#define DUK__EMIT_STRIDX(js_ctx,i)      duk__emit_stridx((js_ctx), (i))
#define DUK__UNEMIT_1(js_ctx)           duk__unemit_1((js_ctx))

DUK_LOCAL void duk__emit_1(duk_json_enc_ctx *js_ctx, duk_uint_fast8_t ch) {
	DUK_BW_WRITE_ENSURE_U8(js_ctx->thr, &js_ctx->bw, ch);
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__emit_2(duk_json_enc_ctx *js_ctx, duk_uint_fast8_t ch1, duk_uint_fast8_t ch2) {
	DUK_BW_WRITE_ENSURE_U8_2(js_ctx->thr, &js_ctx->bw, ch1, ch2);
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__emit_hstring(duk_json_enc_ctx *js_ctx, duk_hstring *h) {
	DUK_BW_WRITE_ENSURE_HSTRING(js_ctx->thr, &js_ctx->bw, h);
}

#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT) || defined(DUK_USE_JX) || defined(DUK_USE_JC)
DUK_LOCAL void duk__emit_cstring(duk_json_enc_ctx *js_ctx, const char *str) {
	DUK_BW_WRITE_ENSURE_CSTRING(js_ctx->thr, &js_ctx->bw, str);
}
#endif

DUK_LOCAL void duk__emit_stridx(duk_json_enc_ctx *js_ctx, duk_small_uint_t stridx) {
	duk_hstring *h;

	DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(stridx >= 0);  /* unsigned */
	DUK_ASSERT(stridx < DUK_HEAP_NUM_STRINGS);
	h = DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING(js_ctx->thr, stridx);
	DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);

	DUK_BW_WRITE_ENSURE_HSTRING(js_ctx->thr, &js_ctx->bw, h);
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__unemit_1(duk_json_enc_ctx *js_ctx) {
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_BW_GET_SIZE(js_ctx->thr, &js_ctx->bw) >= 1);
	DUK_BW_ADD_PTR(js_ctx->thr, &js_ctx->bw, -1);
}

#define DUK__MKESC(nybbles,esc1,esc2)  \
	(((duk_uint_fast32_t) (nybbles)) << 16) | \
	(((duk_uint_fast32_t) (esc1)) << 8) | \
	((duk_uint_fast32_t) (esc2))

DUK_LOCAL duk_uint8_t *duk__emit_esc_auto_fast(duk_json_enc_ctx *js_ctx, duk_uint_fast32_t cp, duk_uint8_t *q) {
	duk_uint_fast32_t tmp;
	duk_small_uint_t dig;

	DUK_UNREF(js_ctx);

	/* Caller ensures space for at least DUK__JSON_MAX_ESC_LEN. */

	/* Select appropriate escape format automatically, and set 'tmp' to a
	 * value encoding both the escape format character and the nybble count:
	 *
	 *   (nybble_count << 16) | (escape_char1) | (escape_char2)
	 */

#ifdef DUK_USE_JX
	if (DUK_LIKELY(cp < 0x100UL)) {
		if (DUK_UNLIKELY(js_ctx->flag_ext_custom)) {
			tmp = DUK__MKESC(2, DUK_ASC_BACKSLASH, DUK_ASC_LC_X);
		} else {
			tmp = DUK__MKESC(4, DUK_ASC_BACKSLASH, DUK_ASC_LC_U);
		}
	} else
#endif
	if (DUK_LIKELY(cp < 0x10000UL)) {
		tmp = DUK__MKESC(4, DUK_ASC_BACKSLASH, DUK_ASC_LC_U);
	} else {
#ifdef DUK_USE_JX
		if (DUK_LIKELY(js_ctx->flag_ext_custom)) {
			tmp = DUK__MKESC(8, DUK_ASC_BACKSLASH, DUK_ASC_UC_U);
		} else
#endif
		{
			/* In compatible mode and standard JSON mode, output
			 * something useful for non-BMP characters.  This won't
			 * roundtrip but will still be more or less readable and
			 * more useful than an error.
			 */
			tmp = DUK__MKESC(8, DUK_ASC_UC_U, DUK_ASC_PLUS);
		}
	}

	*q++ = (duk_uint8_t) ((tmp >> 8) & 0xff);
	*q++ = (duk_uint8_t) (tmp & 0xff);

	tmp = tmp >> 16;
	while (tmp > 0) {
		tmp--;
		dig = (duk_small_uint_t) ((cp >> (4 * tmp)) & 0x0f);
		*q++ = duk_lc_digits[dig];
	}

	return q;
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__enc_key_autoquote(duk_json_enc_ctx *js_ctx, duk_hstring *k) {
	const duk_int8_t *p, *p_start, *p_end;  /* Note: intentionally signed. */
	duk_size_t k_len;
	duk_codepoint_t cp;

	DUK_ASSERT(k != NULL);

	/* Accept ASCII strings which conform to identifier requirements
	 * as being emitted without key quotes.  Since we only accept ASCII
	 * there's no need for actual decoding: 'p' is intentionally signed
	 * so that bytes >= 0x80 extend to negative values and are rejected
	 * as invalid identifier codepoints.
	 */

	if (js_ctx->flag_avoid_key_quotes) {
		k_len = DUK_HSTRING_GET_BYTELEN(k);
		p_start = (const duk_int8_t *) DUK_HSTRING_GET_DATA(k);
		p_end = p_start + k_len;
		p = p_start;

		if (p == p_end) {
			/* Zero length string is not accepted without quotes */
			goto quote_normally;
		}
		cp = (duk_codepoint_t) (*p++);
		if (DUK_UNLIKELY(!duk_unicode_is_identifier_start(cp))) {
			goto quote_normally;
		}
		while (p < p_end) {
			cp = (duk_codepoint_t) (*p++);
			if (DUK_UNLIKELY(!duk_unicode_is_identifier_part(cp))) {
				goto quote_normally;
			}
		}

		/* This seems faster than emitting bytes one at a time and
		 * then potentially rewinding.
		 */
		DUK__EMIT_HSTR(js_ctx, k);
		return;
	}

 quote_normally:
	duk__enc_quote_string(js_ctx, k);
}

/* The Quote(value) operation: quote a string.
 *
 * Stack policy: [ ] -> [ ].
 */

DUK_LOCAL void duk__enc_quote_string(duk_json_enc_ctx *js_ctx, duk_hstring *h_str) {
	duk_hthread *thr = js_ctx->thr;
	const duk_uint8_t *p, *p_start, *p_end, *p_now, *p_tmp;
	duk_uint8_t *q;
	duk_ucodepoint_t cp;  /* typed for duk_unicode_decode_xutf8() */

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("duk__enc_quote_string: h_str=%!O", (duk_heaphdr *) h_str));

	DUK_ASSERT(h_str != NULL);
	p_start = DUK_HSTRING_GET_DATA(h_str);
	p_end = p_start + DUK_HSTRING_GET_BYTELEN(h_str);
	p = p_start;

	DUK__EMIT_1(js_ctx, DUK_ASC_DOUBLEQUOTE);

	/* Encode string in small chunks, estimating the maximum expansion so that
	 * there's no need to ensure space while processing the chunk.
	 */

	while (p < p_end) {
		duk_size_t left, now, space;

		left = (duk_size_t) (p_end - p);
		now = (left > DUK__JSON_ENCSTR_CHUNKSIZE ?
		       DUK__JSON_ENCSTR_CHUNKSIZE : left);

		/* Maximum expansion per input byte is 6:
		 *   - invalid UTF-8 byte causes "\uXXXX" to be emitted (6/1 = 6).
		 *   - 2-byte UTF-8 encodes as "\uXXXX" (6/2 = 3).
		 *   - 4-byte UTF-8 encodes as "\Uxxxxxxxx" (10/4 = 2.5).
		 */
		space = now * 6;
		q = DUK_BW_ENSURE_GETPTR(thr, &js_ctx->bw, space);

		p_now = p + now;

		while (p < p_now) {
#if defined(DUK_USE_JSON_QUOTESTRING_FASTPATH)
			duk_uint8_t b;

			b = duk__json_quotestr_lookup[*p++];
			if (DUK_LIKELY(b < 0x80)) {
				/* Most input bytes go through here. */
				*q++ = b;
			} else if (b >= 0xa0) {
				*q++ = DUK_ASC_BACKSLASH;
				*q++ = (duk_uint8_t) (b - 0x80);
			} else if (b == 0x80) {
				cp = (duk_ucodepoint_t) (*(p - 1));
				q = duk__emit_esc_auto_fast(js_ctx, cp, q);
			} else if (b == 0x7f && js_ctx->flag_ascii_only) {
				/* 0x7F is special */
				DUK_ASSERT(b == 0x81);
				cp = (duk_ucodepoint_t) 0x7f;
				q = duk__emit_esc_auto_fast(js_ctx, cp, q);
			} else {
				DUK_ASSERT(b == 0x81);
				p--;

				/* slow path is shared */
#else  /* DUK_USE_JSON_QUOTESTRING_FASTPATH */
			cp = *p;

			if (DUK_LIKELY(cp <= 0x7f)) {
				/* ascii fast path: avoid decoding utf-8 */
				p++;
				if (cp == 0x22 || cp == 0x5c) {
					/* double quote or backslash */
					*q++ = DUK_ASC_BACKSLASH;
					*q++ = (duk_uint8_t) cp;
				} else if (cp < 0x20) {
					duk_uint_fast8_t esc_char;

					/* This approach is a bit shorter than a straight
					 * if-else-ladder and also a bit faster.
					 */
					if (cp < (sizeof(duk__json_quotestr_esc) / sizeof(duk_uint8_t)) &&
					    (esc_char = duk__json_quotestr_esc[cp]) != 0) {
						*q++ = DUK_ASC_BACKSLASH;
						*q++ = (duk_uint8_t) esc_char;
					} else {
						q = duk__emit_esc_auto_fast(js_ctx, cp, q);
					}
				} else if (cp == 0x7f && js_ctx->flag_ascii_only) {
					q = duk__emit_esc_auto_fast(js_ctx, cp, q);
				} else {
					/* any other printable -> as is */
					*q++ = (duk_uint8_t) cp;
				}
			} else {
				/* slow path is shared */
#endif  /* DUK_USE_JSON_QUOTESTRING_FASTPATH */

				/* slow path decode */

				/* If XUTF-8 decoding fails, treat the offending byte as a codepoint directly
				 * and go forward one byte.  This is of course very lossy, but allows some kind
				 * of output to be produced even for internal strings which don't conform to
				 * XUTF-8.  All standard Ecmascript strings are always CESU-8, so this behavior
				 * does not violate the Ecmascript specification.  The behavior is applied to
				 * all modes, including Ecmascript standard JSON.  Because the current XUTF-8
				 * decoding is not very strict, this behavior only really affects initial bytes
				 * and truncated codepoints.
				 *
				 * Another alternative would be to scan forwards to start of next codepoint
				 * (or end of input) and emit just one replacement codepoint.
				 */

				p_tmp = p;
				if (!duk_unicode_decode_xutf8(thr, &p, p_start, p_end, &cp)) {
					/* Decode failed. */
					cp = *p_tmp;
					p = p_tmp + 1;
				}

#ifdef DUK_USE_NONSTD_JSON_ESC_U2028_U2029
				if (js_ctx->flag_ascii_only || cp == 0x2028 || cp == 0x2029) {
#else
				if (js_ctx->flag_ascii_only) {
#endif
					q = duk__emit_esc_auto_fast(js_ctx, cp, q);
				} else {
					/* as is */
					DUK_RAW_WRITE_XUTF8(q, cp);
				}
			}
		}

		DUK_BW_SET_PTR(thr, &js_ctx->bw, q);
	}

	DUK__EMIT_1(js_ctx, DUK_ASC_DOUBLEQUOTE);
}

/* Encode a double (checked by caller) from stack top.  Stack top may be
 * replaced by serialized string but is not popped (caller does that).
 */
DUK_LOCAL void duk__enc_double(duk_json_enc_ctx *js_ctx) {
	duk_hthread *thr;
	duk_context *ctx;
	duk_tval *tv;
	duk_double_t d;
	duk_small_int_t c;
	duk_small_int_t s;
	duk_small_uint_t stridx;
	duk_small_uint_t n2s_flags;
	duk_hstring *h_str;

	DUK_ASSERT(js_ctx != NULL);
	thr = js_ctx->thr;
	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	ctx = (duk_context *) thr;

	/* Caller must ensure 'tv' is indeed a double and not a fastint! */
	tv = DUK_GET_TVAL_NEGIDX(ctx, -1);
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_DOUBLE(tv));
	d = DUK_TVAL_GET_DOUBLE(tv);

	c = (duk_small_int_t) DUK_FPCLASSIFY(d);
	s = (duk_small_int_t) DUK_SIGNBIT(d);
	DUK_UNREF(s);

	if (DUK_LIKELY(!(c == DUK_FP_INFINITE || c == DUK_FP_NAN))) {
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_ISFINITE(d));

#if defined(DUK_USE_JX) || defined(DUK_USE_JC)
		/* Negative zero needs special handling in JX/JC because
		 * it would otherwise serialize to '0', not '-0'.
		 */
		if (DUK_UNLIKELY(c == DUK_FP_ZERO && s != 0 &&
		                 (js_ctx->flag_ext_custom_or_compatible))) {
			duk_push_hstring_stridx(ctx, DUK_STRIDX_MINUS_ZERO);  /* '-0' */
		} else
#endif  /* DUK_USE_JX || DUK_USE_JC */
		{
			n2s_flags = 0;
			/* [ ... number ] -> [ ... string ] */
			duk_numconv_stringify(ctx, 10 /*radix*/, 0 /*digits*/, n2s_flags);
		}
		h_str = duk_to_hstring(ctx, -1);
		DUK_ASSERT(h_str != NULL);
		DUK__EMIT_HSTR(js_ctx, h_str);
		return;
	}

#if defined(DUK_USE_JX) || defined(DUK_USE_JC)
	if (!(js_ctx->flags & (DUK_JSON_FLAG_EXT_CUSTOM |
	                       DUK_JSON_FLAG_EXT_COMPATIBLE))) {
		stridx = DUK_STRIDX_LC_NULL;
	} else if (c == DUK_FP_NAN) {
		stridx = js_ctx->stridx_custom_nan;
	} else if (s == 0) {
		stridx = js_ctx->stridx_custom_posinf;
	} else {
		stridx = js_ctx->stridx_custom_neginf;
	}
#else
	stridx = DUK_STRIDX_LC_NULL;
#endif
	DUK__EMIT_STRIDX(js_ctx, stridx);
}

#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
/* Encode a fastint from duk_tval ptr, no value stack effects. */
DUK_LOCAL void duk__enc_fastint_tval(duk_json_enc_ctx *js_ctx, duk_tval *tv) {
	duk_int64_t v;

	/* Fastint range is signed 48-bit so longest value is -2^47 = -140737488355328
	 * (16 chars long), longest signed 64-bit value is -2^63 = -9223372036854775808
	 * (20 chars long).  Alloc space for 64-bit range to be safe.
	 */
	duk_uint8_t buf[20 + 1];

	/* Caller must ensure 'tv' is indeed a fastint! */
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_FASTINT(tv));
	v = DUK_TVAL_GET_FASTINT(tv);

	/* XXX: There are no format strings in duk_config.h yet, could add
	 * one for formatting duk_int64_t.  For now, assumes "%lld" and that
	 * "long long" type exists.  Could also rely on C99 directly but that
	 * won't work for older MSVC.
	 */
	DUK_SPRINTF((char *) buf, "%lld", (long long) v);
	DUK__EMIT_CSTR(js_ctx, (const char *) buf);
}
#endif

#if defined(DUK_USE_JX) || defined(DUK_USE_JC)
#if defined(DUK_USE_HEX_FASTPATH)
DUK_LOCAL duk_uint8_t *duk__enc_buffer_data_hex(const duk_uint8_t *src, duk_size_t src_len, duk_uint8_t *dst) {
	duk_uint8_t *q;
	duk_uint16_t *q16;
	duk_small_uint_t x;
	duk_size_t i, len_safe;
#if !defined(DUK_USE_UNALIGNED_ACCESSES_POSSIBLE)
	duk_bool_t shift_dst;
#endif

	/* Unlike in duk_hex_encode() 'dst' is not necessarily aligned by 2.
	 * For platforms where unaligned accesses are not allowed, shift 'dst'
	 * ahead by 1 byte to get alignment and then DUK_MEMMOVE() the result
	 * in place.  The faster encoding loop makes up the difference.
	 * There's always space for one extra byte because a terminator always
	 * follows the hex data and that's been accounted for by the caller.
	 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_UNALIGNED_ACCESSES_POSSIBLE)
	q16 = (duk_uint16_t *) (void *) dst;
#else
	shift_dst = (duk_bool_t) (((duk_size_t) dst) & 0x01U);
	if (shift_dst) {
		DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("unaligned accesses not possible, dst not aligned -> step to dst + 1"));
		q16 = (duk_uint16_t *) (void *) (dst + 1);
	} else {
		DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("unaligned accesses not possible, dst is aligned"));
		q16 = (duk_uint16_t *) (void *) dst;
	}
	DUK_ASSERT((((duk_size_t) q16) & 0x01U) == 0);
#endif

	len_safe = src_len & ~0x03U;
	for (i = 0; i < len_safe; i += 4) {
		q16[0] = duk_hex_enctab[src[i]];
		q16[1] = duk_hex_enctab[src[i + 1]];
		q16[2] = duk_hex_enctab[src[i + 2]];
		q16[3] = duk_hex_enctab[src[i + 3]];
		q16 += 4;
	}
	q = (duk_uint8_t *) q16;

#if !defined(DUK_USE_UNALIGNED_ACCESSES_POSSIBLE)
	if (shift_dst) {
		q--;
		DUK_MEMMOVE((void *) dst, (const void *) (dst + 1), 2 * len_safe);
		DUK_ASSERT(dst + 2 * len_safe == q);
	}
#endif

	for (; i < src_len; i++) {
		x = src[i];
		*q++ = duk_lc_digits[x >> 4];
		*q++ = duk_lc_digits[x & 0x0f];
	}

	return q;
}
#else  /* DUK_USE_HEX_FASTPATH */
DUK_LOCAL duk_uint8_t *duk__enc_buffer_data_hex(const duk_uint8_t *src, duk_size_t src_len, duk_uint8_t *dst) {
	const duk_uint8_t *p;
	const duk_uint8_t *p_end;
	duk_uint8_t *q;
	duk_small_uint_t x;

	p = src;
	p_end = src + src_len;
	q = dst;
	while (p != p_end) {
		x = *p++;
		*q++ = duk_lc_digits[x >> 4];
		*q++ = duk_lc_digits[x & 0x0f];
	}

	return q;
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_HEX_FASTPATH */

DUK_LOCAL void duk__enc_buffer_data(duk_json_enc_ctx *js_ctx, duk_uint8_t *buf_data, duk_size_t buf_len) {
	duk_hthread *thr;
	duk_uint8_t *q;
	duk_size_t space;

	thr = js_ctx->thr;

	DUK_ASSERT(js_ctx->flag_ext_custom || js_ctx->flag_ext_compatible);  /* caller checks */
	DUK_ASSERT(js_ctx->flag_ext_custom_or_compatible);

	/* Buffer values are encoded in (lowercase) hex to make the
	 * binary data readable.  Base64 or similar would be more
	 * compact but less readable, and the point of JX/JC
	 * variants is to be as useful to a programmer as possible.
	 */

	/* The #ifdef clutter here needs to handle the three cases:
	 * (1) JX+JC, (2) JX only, (3) JC only.
	 */

	/* Note: space must cater for both JX and JC. */
	space = 9 + buf_len * 2 + 2;
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HBUFFER_MAX_BYTELEN <= 0x7ffffffeUL);
	DUK_ASSERT((space - 2) / 2 >= buf_len);  /* overflow not possible, buffer limits */
	q = DUK_BW_ENSURE_GETPTR(thr, &js_ctx->bw, space);

#if defined(DUK_USE_JX) && defined(DUK_USE_JC)
	if (js_ctx->flag_ext_custom)
#endif
#if defined(DUK_USE_JX)
	{
		*q++ = DUK_ASC_PIPE;
		q = duk__enc_buffer_data_hex(buf_data, buf_len, q);
		*q++ = DUK_ASC_PIPE;

	}
#endif
#if defined(DUK_USE_JX) && defined(DUK_USE_JC)
	else
#endif
#if defined(DUK_USE_JC)
	{
		DUK_ASSERT(js_ctx->flag_ext_compatible);
		DUK_MEMCPY((void *) q, (const void *) "{\"_buf\":\"", 9);  /* len: 9 */
		q += 9;
		q = duk__enc_buffer_data_hex(buf_data, buf_len, q);
		*q++ = DUK_ASC_DOUBLEQUOTE;
		*q++ = DUK_ASC_RCURLY;
	}
#endif

	DUK_BW_SET_PTR(thr, &js_ctx->bw, q);
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__enc_buffer(duk_json_enc_ctx *js_ctx, duk_hbuffer *h) {
	duk__enc_buffer_data(js_ctx,
	                     (duk_uint8_t *) DUK_HBUFFER_GET_DATA_PTR(js_ctx->thr->heap, h),
	                     (duk_size_t) DUK_HBUFFER_GET_SIZE(h));
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_JX || DUK_USE_JC */

#if defined(DUK_USE_JX) || defined(DUK_USE_JC)
DUK_LOCAL void duk__enc_pointer(duk_json_enc_ctx *js_ctx, void *ptr) {
	char buf[64];  /* XXX: how to figure correct size? */
	const char *fmt;

	DUK_ASSERT(js_ctx->flag_ext_custom || js_ctx->flag_ext_compatible);  /* caller checks */
	DUK_ASSERT(js_ctx->flag_ext_custom_or_compatible);

	DUK_MEMZERO(buf, sizeof(buf));

	/* The #ifdef clutter here needs to handle the three cases:
	 * (1) JX+JC, (2) JX only, (3) JC only.
	 */
#if defined(DUK_USE_JX) && defined(DUK_USE_JC)
	if (js_ctx->flag_ext_custom)
#endif
#if defined(DUK_USE_JX)
	{
		fmt = ptr ? "(%p)" : "(null)";
	}
#endif
#if defined(DUK_USE_JX) && defined(DUK_USE_JC)
	else
#endif
#if defined(DUK_USE_JC)
	{
		DUK_ASSERT(js_ctx->flag_ext_compatible);
		fmt = ptr ? "{\"_ptr\":\"%p\"}" : "{\"_ptr\":\"null\"}";
	}
#endif

	/* When ptr == NULL, the format argument is unused. */
	DUK_SNPRINTF(buf, sizeof(buf) - 1, fmt, ptr);  /* must not truncate */
	DUK__EMIT_CSTR(js_ctx, buf);
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_JX || DUK_USE_JC */

#if defined(DUK_USE_JX) || defined(DUK_USE_JC)
DUK_LOCAL void duk__enc_bufferobject(duk_json_enc_ctx *js_ctx, duk_hbufferobject *h_bufobj) {
	DUK_ASSERT_HBUFFEROBJECT_VALID(h_bufobj);

	if (h_bufobj->buf == NULL || !DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_VALID_SLICE(h_bufobj)) {
		DUK__EMIT_STRIDX(js_ctx, DUK_STRIDX_LC_NULL);
	} else {
		/* Handle both full and partial slice (as long as covered). */
		duk__enc_buffer_data(js_ctx,
		                     (duk_uint8_t *) DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_GET_SLICE_BASE(js_ctx->thr->heap, h_bufobj),
		                     (duk_size_t) h_bufobj->length);
	}
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_JX || DUK_USE_JC */

/* Indent helper.  Calling code relies on js_ctx->recursion_depth also being
 * directly related to indent depth.
 */
#if defined(DUK_USE_PREFER_SIZE)
DUK_LOCAL void duk__enc_newline_indent(duk_json_enc_ctx *js_ctx, duk_int_t depth) {
	DUK_ASSERT(js_ctx->h_gap != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HSTRING_GET_BYTELEN(js_ctx->h_gap) > 0);  /* caller guarantees */

	DUK__EMIT_1(js_ctx, 0x0a);
	while (depth-- > 0) {
		DUK__EMIT_HSTR(js_ctx, js_ctx->h_gap);
	}
}
#else  /* DUK_USE_PREFER_SIZE */
DUK_LOCAL void duk__enc_newline_indent(duk_json_enc_ctx *js_ctx, duk_int_t depth) {
	const duk_uint8_t *gap_data;
	duk_size_t gap_len;
	duk_size_t avail_bytes;   /* bytes of indent available for copying */
	duk_size_t need_bytes;    /* bytes of indent still needed */
	duk_uint8_t *p_start;
	duk_uint8_t *p;

	DUK_ASSERT(js_ctx->h_gap != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HSTRING_GET_BYTELEN(js_ctx->h_gap) > 0);  /* caller guarantees */

	DUK__EMIT_1(js_ctx, 0x0a);
	if (DUK_UNLIKELY(depth == 0)) {
		return;
	}

	/* To handle deeper indents efficiently, make use of copies we've
	 * already emitted.  In effect we can emit a sequence of 1, 2, 4,
	 * 8, etc copies, and then finish the last run.  Byte counters
	 * avoid multiply with gap_len on every loop.
	 */

	gap_data = (const duk_uint8_t *) DUK_HSTRING_GET_DATA(js_ctx->h_gap);
	gap_len = (duk_size_t) DUK_HSTRING_GET_BYTELEN(js_ctx->h_gap);
	DUK_ASSERT(gap_len > 0);

	need_bytes = gap_len * depth;
	p = DUK_BW_ENSURE_GETPTR(js_ctx->thr, &js_ctx->bw, need_bytes);
	p_start = p;

	DUK_MEMCPY((void *) p, (const void *) gap_data, (size_t) gap_len);
	p += gap_len;
	avail_bytes = gap_len;
	DUK_ASSERT(need_bytes >= gap_len);
	need_bytes -= gap_len;

	while (need_bytes >= avail_bytes) {
		DUK_MEMCPY((void *) p, (const void *) p_start, (size_t) avail_bytes);
		p += avail_bytes;
		need_bytes -= avail_bytes;
		avail_bytes <<= 1;
	}

	DUK_ASSERT(need_bytes < avail_bytes);  /* need_bytes may be zero */
	DUK_MEMCPY((void *) p, (const void *) p_start, (size_t) need_bytes);
	p += need_bytes;
	/*avail_bytes += need_bytes*/

	DUK_BW_SET_PTR(js_ctx->thr, &js_ctx->bw, p);
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_PREFER_SIZE */

/* Shared entry handling for object/array serialization. */
DUK_LOCAL void duk__enc_objarr_entry(duk_json_enc_ctx *js_ctx, duk_idx_t *entry_top) {
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) js_ctx->thr;
	duk_hobject *h_target;
	duk_uint_fast32_t i, n;

	*entry_top = duk_get_top(ctx);

	duk_require_stack(ctx, DUK_JSON_ENC_REQSTACK);

	/* Loop check using a hybrid approach: a fixed-size visited[] array
	 * with overflow in a loop check object.
	 */

	h_target = duk_get_hobject(ctx, -1);  /* object or array */
	DUK_ASSERT(h_target != NULL);

	n = js_ctx->recursion_depth;
	if (DUK_UNLIKELY(n > DUK_JSON_ENC_LOOPARRAY)) {
		n = DUK_JSON_ENC_LOOPARRAY;
	}
	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		if (DUK_UNLIKELY(js_ctx->visiting[i] == h_target)) {
			DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("slow path loop detect"));
			DUK_ERROR_TYPE((duk_hthread *) ctx, DUK_STR_CYCLIC_INPUT);
		}
	}
	if (js_ctx->recursion_depth < DUK_JSON_ENC_LOOPARRAY) {
		js_ctx->visiting[js_ctx->recursion_depth] = h_target;
	} else {
		duk_push_sprintf(ctx, DUK_STR_FMT_PTR, (void *) h_target);
		duk_dup_top(ctx);  /* -> [ ... voidp voidp ] */
		if (duk_has_prop(ctx, js_ctx->idx_loop)) {
			DUK_ERROR_TYPE((duk_hthread *) ctx, DUK_STR_CYCLIC_INPUT);
		}
		duk_push_true(ctx);  /* -> [ ... voidp true ] */
		duk_put_prop(ctx, js_ctx->idx_loop);  /* -> [ ... ] */
	}

	/* C recursion check. */

	DUK_ASSERT(js_ctx->recursion_depth >= 0);
	DUK_ASSERT(js_ctx->recursion_depth <= js_ctx->recursion_limit);
	if (js_ctx->recursion_depth >= js_ctx->recursion_limit) {
		DUK_ERROR_RANGE((duk_hthread *) ctx, DUK_STR_JSONENC_RECLIMIT);
	}
	js_ctx->recursion_depth++;

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("shared entry finished: top=%ld, loop=%!T",
	                     (long) duk_get_top(ctx), (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, js_ctx->idx_loop)));
}

/* Shared exit handling for object/array serialization. */
DUK_LOCAL void duk__enc_objarr_exit(duk_json_enc_ctx *js_ctx, duk_idx_t *entry_top) {
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) js_ctx->thr;
	duk_hobject *h_target;

	/* C recursion check. */

	DUK_ASSERT(js_ctx->recursion_depth > 0);
	DUK_ASSERT(js_ctx->recursion_depth <= js_ctx->recursion_limit);
	js_ctx->recursion_depth--;

	/* Loop check. */

	h_target = duk_get_hobject(ctx, *entry_top - 1);  /* original target at entry_top - 1 */
	DUK_ASSERT(h_target != NULL);

	if (js_ctx->recursion_depth < DUK_JSON_ENC_LOOPARRAY) {
		/* Previous entry was inside visited[], nothing to do. */
	} else {
		duk_push_sprintf(ctx, DUK_STR_FMT_PTR, (void *) h_target);
		duk_del_prop(ctx, js_ctx->idx_loop);  /* -> [ ... ] */
	}

	/* Restore stack top after unbalanced code paths. */
	duk_set_top(ctx, *entry_top);

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("shared entry finished: top=%ld, loop=%!T",
	                     (long) duk_get_top(ctx), (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, js_ctx->idx_loop)));
}

/* The JO(value) operation: encode object.
 *
 * Stack policy: [ object ] -> [ object ].
 */
DUK_LOCAL void duk__enc_object(duk_json_enc_ctx *js_ctx) {
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) js_ctx->thr;
	duk_hstring *h_key;
	duk_idx_t entry_top;
	duk_idx_t idx_obj;
	duk_idx_t idx_keys;
	duk_bool_t emitted;
	duk_uarridx_t arr_len, i;
	duk_size_t prev_size;

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("duk__enc_object: obj=%!T", (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));

	duk__enc_objarr_entry(js_ctx, &entry_top);

	idx_obj = entry_top - 1;

	if (js_ctx->idx_proplist >= 0) {
		idx_keys = js_ctx->idx_proplist;
	} else {
		/* XXX: would be nice to enumerate an object at specified index */
		duk_dup(ctx, idx_obj);
		(void) duk_hobject_get_enumerated_keys(ctx, DUK_ENUM_OWN_PROPERTIES_ONLY /*flags*/);  /* [ ... target ] -> [ ... target keys ] */
		idx_keys = duk_require_normalize_index(ctx, -1);
		/* leave stack unbalanced on purpose */
	}

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("idx_keys=%ld, h_keys=%!T",
	                     (long) idx_keys, (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, idx_keys)));

	/* Steps 8-10 have been merged to avoid a "partial" variable. */

	DUK__EMIT_1(js_ctx, DUK_ASC_LCURLY);

	/* XXX: keys is an internal object with all keys to be processed
	 * in its (gapless) array part.  Because nobody can touch the keys
	 * object, we could iterate its array part directly (keeping in mind
	 * that it can be reallocated).
	 */

	arr_len = (duk_uarridx_t) duk_get_length(ctx, idx_keys);
	emitted = 0;
	for (i = 0; i < arr_len; i++) {
		duk_get_prop_index(ctx, idx_keys, i);  /* -> [ ... key ] */

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("object property loop: holder=%!T, key=%!T",
		                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, idx_obj),
		                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));

		h_key = duk_get_hstring(ctx, -1);
		DUK_ASSERT(h_key != NULL);

		prev_size = DUK_BW_GET_SIZE(js_ctx->thr, &js_ctx->bw);
		if (DUK_UNLIKELY(js_ctx->h_gap != NULL)) {
			duk__enc_newline_indent(js_ctx, js_ctx->recursion_depth);
			duk__enc_key_autoquote(js_ctx, h_key);
			DUK__EMIT_2(js_ctx, DUK_ASC_COLON, DUK_ASC_SPACE);
		} else {
			duk__enc_key_autoquote(js_ctx, h_key);
			DUK__EMIT_1(js_ctx, DUK_ASC_COLON);
		}

		/* [ ... key ] */

		if (DUK_UNLIKELY(duk__enc_value(js_ctx, idx_obj) == 0)) {
			/* Value would yield 'undefined', so skip key altogether.
			 * Side effects have already happened.
			 */
			DUK_BW_SET_SIZE(js_ctx->thr, &js_ctx->bw, prev_size);
		} else {
			DUK__EMIT_1(js_ctx, DUK_ASC_COMMA);
			emitted = 1;
		}

		/* [ ... ] */
	}

	if (emitted) {
		DUK_ASSERT(*((duk_uint8_t *) DUK_BW_GET_PTR(js_ctx->thr, &js_ctx->bw) - 1) == DUK_ASC_COMMA);
		DUK__UNEMIT_1(js_ctx);  /* eat trailing comma */
		if (DUK_UNLIKELY(js_ctx->h_gap != NULL)) {
			DUK_ASSERT(js_ctx->recursion_depth >= 1);
			duk__enc_newline_indent(js_ctx, js_ctx->recursion_depth - 1);
		}
	}
	DUK__EMIT_1(js_ctx, DUK_ASC_RCURLY);

	duk__enc_objarr_exit(js_ctx, &entry_top);

	DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, entry_top);
}

/* The JA(value) operation: encode array.
 *
 * Stack policy: [ array ] -> [ array ].
 */
DUK_LOCAL void duk__enc_array(duk_json_enc_ctx *js_ctx) {
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) js_ctx->thr;
	duk_idx_t entry_top;
	duk_idx_t idx_arr;
	duk_bool_t emitted;
	duk_uarridx_t i, arr_len;

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("duk__enc_array: array=%!T",
	                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));

	duk__enc_objarr_entry(js_ctx, &entry_top);

	idx_arr = entry_top - 1;

	/* Steps 8-10 have been merged to avoid a "partial" variable. */

	DUK__EMIT_1(js_ctx, DUK_ASC_LBRACKET);

	arr_len = (duk_uarridx_t) duk_get_length(ctx, idx_arr);
	emitted = 0;
	for (i = 0; i < arr_len; i++) {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("array entry loop: array=%!T, index=%ld, arr_len=%ld",
		                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, idx_arr),
		                     (long) i, (long) arr_len));

		if (DUK_UNLIKELY(js_ctx->h_gap != NULL)) {
			DUK_ASSERT(js_ctx->recursion_depth >= 1);
			duk__enc_newline_indent(js_ctx, js_ctx->recursion_depth);
		}

		/* XXX: duk_push_uint_string() */
		duk_push_uint(ctx, (duk_uint_t) i);
		duk_to_string(ctx, -1);  /* -> [ ... key ] */

		/* [ ... key ] */

		if (DUK_UNLIKELY(duk__enc_value(js_ctx, idx_arr) == 0)) {
			/* Value would normally be omitted, replace with 'null'. */
			DUK__EMIT_STRIDX(js_ctx, DUK_STRIDX_LC_NULL);
		} else {
			;
		}

		/* [ ... ] */

		DUK__EMIT_1(js_ctx, DUK_ASC_COMMA);
		emitted = 1;
	}

	if (emitted) {
		DUK_ASSERT(*((duk_uint8_t *) DUK_BW_GET_PTR(js_ctx->thr, &js_ctx->bw) - 1) == DUK_ASC_COMMA);
		DUK__UNEMIT_1(js_ctx);  /* eat trailing comma */
		if (DUK_UNLIKELY(js_ctx->h_gap != NULL)) {
			DUK_ASSERT(js_ctx->recursion_depth >= 1);
			duk__enc_newline_indent(js_ctx, js_ctx->recursion_depth - 1);
		}
	}
	DUK__EMIT_1(js_ctx, DUK_ASC_RBRACKET);

	duk__enc_objarr_exit(js_ctx, &entry_top);

	DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, entry_top);
}

/* The Str(key, holder) operation.
 *
 * Stack policy: [ ... key ] -> [ ... ]
 */
DUK_LOCAL duk_bool_t duk__enc_value(duk_json_enc_ctx *js_ctx, duk_idx_t idx_holder) {
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) js_ctx->thr;
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_hobject *h_tmp;
	duk_tval *tv;
	duk_tval *tv_holder;
	duk_tval *tv_key;
	duk_small_int_t c;

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("duk__enc_value: idx_holder=%ld, holder=%!T, key=%!T",
	                     (long) idx_holder, (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, idx_holder),
	                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));

	DUK_UNREF(thr);

	tv_holder = DUK_GET_TVAL_POSIDX(ctx, idx_holder);
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_OBJECT(tv_holder));
	tv_key = DUK_GET_TVAL_NEGIDX(ctx, -1);
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_STRING(tv_key));
	(void) duk_hobject_getprop(thr, tv_holder, tv_key);

	/* -> [ ... key val ] */

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("value=%!T", (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));

	h_tmp = duk_get_hobject_or_lfunc_coerce(ctx, -1);
	if (h_tmp != NULL) {
		duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, -1, DUK_STRIDX_TO_JSON);
		h_tmp = duk_get_hobject_or_lfunc_coerce(ctx, -1);  /* toJSON() can also be a lightfunc */

		if (h_tmp != NULL && DUK_HOBJECT_IS_CALLABLE(h_tmp)) {
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("value is object, has callable toJSON() -> call it"));
			/* XXX: duk_dup_unvalidated(ctx, -2) etc. */
			duk_dup(ctx, -2);         /* -> [ ... key val toJSON val ] */
			duk_dup(ctx, -4);         /* -> [ ... key val toJSON val key ] */
			duk_call_method(ctx, 1);  /* -> [ ... key val val' ] */
			duk_remove(ctx, -2);      /* -> [ ... key val' ] */
		} else {
			duk_pop(ctx);             /* -> [ ... key val ] */
		}
	}

	/* [ ... key val ] */

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("value=%!T", (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));

	if (js_ctx->h_replacer) {
		/* XXX: Here a "slice copy" would be useful. */
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("replacer is set, call replacer"));
		duk_push_hobject(ctx, js_ctx->h_replacer);  /* -> [ ... key val replacer ] */
		duk_dup(ctx, idx_holder);                   /* -> [ ... key val replacer holder ] */
		duk_dup(ctx, -4);                           /* -> [ ... key val replacer holder key ] */
		duk_dup(ctx, -4);                           /* -> [ ... key val replacer holder key val ] */
		duk_call_method(ctx, 2);                    /* -> [ ... key val val' ] */
		duk_remove(ctx, -2);                        /* -> [ ... key val' ] */
	}

	/* [ ... key val ] */

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("value=%!T", (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));

	tv = DUK_GET_TVAL_NEGIDX(ctx, -1);
	if (DUK_TVAL_IS_OBJECT(tv)) {
		duk_hobject *h;

		h = DUK_TVAL_GET_OBJECT(tv);
		DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);

		if (DUK_HOBJECT_IS_BUFFEROBJECT(h)) {
#if defined(DUK_USE_JX) || defined(DUK_USE_JC)
			duk_hbufferobject *h_bufobj;
			h_bufobj = (duk_hbufferobject *) h;
			DUK_ASSERT_HBUFFEROBJECT_VALID(h_bufobj);

			/* Conceptually we'd extract the plain underlying buffer
			 * or its slice and then do a type mask check below to
			 * see if we should reject it.  Do the mask check here
			 * instead to avoid making a copy of the buffer slice.
			 */

			if (js_ctx->mask_for_undefined & DUK_TYPE_MASK_BUFFER) {
				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("-> bufferobject (-> plain buffer) will result in undefined (type mask check)"));
				goto pop2_undef;
			}
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("-> bufferobject won't result in undefined, encode directly"));
			duk__enc_bufferobject(js_ctx, h_bufobj);
			goto pop2_emitted;
#else
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("no JX/JC support, bufferobject/buffer will always result in undefined"));
			goto pop2_undef;
#endif
		} else {
			c = (duk_small_int_t) DUK_HOBJECT_GET_CLASS_NUMBER(h);
			switch ((int) c) {
			case DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_NUMBER: {
				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("value is a Number object -> coerce with ToNumber()"));
				duk_to_number(ctx, -1);
				/* The coercion potentially invokes user .valueOf() and .toString()
				 * but can't result in a function value because [[DefaultValue]] would
				 * reject such a result: test-dev-json-stringify-coercion-1.js.
				 */
				DUK_ASSERT(!duk_is_callable(ctx, -1));
				break;
			}
			case DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_STRING: {
				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("value is a String object -> coerce with ToString()"));
				duk_to_string(ctx, -1);
				/* Same coercion behavior as for Number. */
				DUK_ASSERT(!duk_is_callable(ctx, -1));
				break;
			}
#if defined(DUK_USE_JX) || defined(DUK_USE_JC)
			case DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_POINTER:
#endif
			case DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_BOOLEAN: {
				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("value is a Boolean/Buffer/Pointer object -> get internal value"));
				duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, -1, DUK_STRIDX_INT_VALUE);
				duk_remove(ctx, -2);
				break;
			}
			default: {
				/* Normal object which doesn't get automatically coerced to a
				 * primitive value.  Functions are checked for specially.  The
				 * primitive value coercions for Number, String, Pointer, and
				 * Boolean can't result in functions so suffices to check here.
				 */
				DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);
				if (DUK_HOBJECT_IS_CALLABLE(h)) {
#if defined(DUK_USE_JX) || defined(DUK_USE_JC)
					if (js_ctx->flags & (DUK_JSON_FLAG_EXT_CUSTOM |
					                     DUK_JSON_FLAG_EXT_COMPATIBLE)) {
						/* We only get here when doing non-standard JSON encoding */
						DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("-> function allowed, serialize to custom format"));
						DUK_ASSERT(js_ctx->flag_ext_custom || js_ctx->flag_ext_compatible);
						DUK__EMIT_STRIDX(js_ctx, js_ctx->stridx_custom_function);
						goto pop2_emitted;
					} else {
						DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("-> will result in undefined (function)"));
						goto pop2_undef;
					}
#else  /* DUK_USE_JX || DUK_USE_JC */
					DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("-> will result in undefined (function)"));
					goto pop2_undef;
#endif  /* DUK_USE_JX || DUK_USE_JC */
				}
			}
			}  /* end switch */
		}
	}

	/* [ ... key val ] */

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("value=%!T", (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));

	if (duk_check_type_mask(ctx, -1, js_ctx->mask_for_undefined)) {
		/* will result in undefined */
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("-> will result in undefined (type mask check)"));
		goto pop2_undef;
	}
	tv = DUK_GET_TVAL_NEGIDX(ctx, -1);

	switch (DUK_TVAL_GET_TAG(tv)) {
#if defined(DUK_USE_JX) || defined(DUK_USE_JC)
	/* When JX/JC not in use, the type mask above will avoid this case if needed. */
	case DUK_TAG_UNDEFINED: {
		DUK__EMIT_STRIDX(js_ctx, js_ctx->stridx_custom_undefined);
		break;
	}
#endif
	case DUK_TAG_NULL: {
		DUK__EMIT_STRIDX(js_ctx, DUK_STRIDX_LC_NULL);
		break;
	}
	case DUK_TAG_BOOLEAN: {
		DUK__EMIT_STRIDX(js_ctx, DUK_TVAL_GET_BOOLEAN(tv) ?
		                 DUK_STRIDX_TRUE : DUK_STRIDX_FALSE);
		break;
	}
#if defined(DUK_USE_JX) || defined(DUK_USE_JC)
	/* When JX/JC not in use, the type mask above will avoid this case if needed. */
	case DUK_TAG_POINTER: {
		duk__enc_pointer(js_ctx, DUK_TVAL_GET_POINTER(tv));
		break;
	}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_JX || DUK_USE_JC */
	case DUK_TAG_STRING: {
		duk_hstring *h = DUK_TVAL_GET_STRING(tv);
		DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);

		duk__enc_quote_string(js_ctx, h);
		break;
	}
	case DUK_TAG_OBJECT: {
		duk_hobject *h = DUK_TVAL_GET_OBJECT(tv);
		DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);

		/* Function values are handled completely above (including
		 * coercion results):
		 */
		DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HOBJECT_IS_CALLABLE(h));

		if (DUK_HOBJECT_GET_CLASS_NUMBER(h) == DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_ARRAY) {
			duk__enc_array(js_ctx);
		} else {
			duk__enc_object(js_ctx);
		}
		break;
	}
#if defined(DUK_USE_JX) || defined(DUK_USE_JC)
	/* When JX/JC not in use, the type mask above will avoid this case if needed. */
	case DUK_TAG_BUFFER: {
		duk__enc_buffer(js_ctx, DUK_TVAL_GET_BUFFER(tv));
		break;
	}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_JX || DUK_USE_JC */
	case DUK_TAG_LIGHTFUNC: {
#if defined(DUK_USE_JX) || defined(DUK_USE_JC)
		/* We only get here when doing non-standard JSON encoding */
		DUK_ASSERT(js_ctx->flag_ext_custom || js_ctx->flag_ext_compatible);
		DUK__EMIT_STRIDX(js_ctx, js_ctx->stridx_custom_function);
#else
		/* Standard JSON omits functions */
		DUK_UNREACHABLE();
#endif
		break;
	}
#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
	case DUK_TAG_FASTINT:
		/* Number serialization has a significant impact relative to
		 * other fast path code, so careful fast path for fastints.
		 */
		duk__enc_fastint_tval(js_ctx, tv);
		break;
#endif
	default: {
		/* number */
		DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_TVAL_IS_UNUSED(tv));
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv));
		/* XXX: A fast path for usual integers would be useful when
		 * fastint support is not enabled.
		 */
		duk__enc_double(js_ctx);
		break;
	}
	}

 pop2_emitted:
	duk_pop_2(ctx); /* [ ... key val ] -> [ ... ] */
	return 1;  /* emitted */

 pop2_undef:
	duk_pop_2(ctx);  /* [ ... key val ] -> [ ... ] */
	return 0;  /* not emitted */
}

/* E5 Section 15.12.3, main algorithm, step 4.b.ii steps 1-4. */
DUK_LOCAL duk_bool_t duk__enc_allow_into_proplist(duk_tval *tv) {
	duk_hobject *h;
	duk_small_int_t c;

	DUK_ASSERT(tv != NULL);
	if (DUK_TVAL_IS_STRING(tv) || DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv)) {
		return 1;
	} else if (DUK_TVAL_IS_OBJECT(tv)) {
		h = DUK_TVAL_GET_OBJECT(tv);
		DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);
		c = (duk_small_int_t) DUK_HOBJECT_GET_CLASS_NUMBER(h);
		if (c == DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_STRING || c == DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_NUMBER) {
			return 1;
		}
	}

	return 0;
}

/*
 *  JSON.stringify() fast path
 *
 *  Otherwise supports full JSON, JX, and JC features, but bails out on any
 *  possible side effect which might change the value being serialized.  The
 *  fast path can take advantage of the fact that the value being serialized
 *  is unchanged so that we can walk directly through property tables etc.
 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_JSON_STRINGIFY_FASTPATH)
DUK_LOCAL duk_bool_t duk__json_stringify_fast_value(duk_json_enc_ctx *js_ctx, duk_tval *tv) {
	duk_uint_fast32_t i, n;

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("stringify fast: %!T", tv));

	DUK_ASSERT(js_ctx != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(js_ctx->thr != NULL);

#if 0 /* disabled for now */
 restart_match:
#endif

	DUK_ASSERT(tv != NULL);

	switch (DUK_TVAL_GET_TAG(tv)) {
	case DUK_TAG_UNDEFINED: {
#if defined(DUK_USE_JX) || defined(DUK_USE_JC)
		if (js_ctx->flag_ext_custom || js_ctx->flag_ext_compatible) {
			DUK__EMIT_STRIDX(js_ctx, js_ctx->stridx_custom_undefined);
			break;
		} else {
			goto emit_undefined;
		}
#else
		goto emit_undefined;
#endif
	}
	case DUK_TAG_NULL: {
		DUK__EMIT_STRIDX(js_ctx, DUK_STRIDX_LC_NULL);
		break;
	}
	case DUK_TAG_BOOLEAN: {
		DUK__EMIT_STRIDX(js_ctx, DUK_TVAL_GET_BOOLEAN(tv) ?
		                 DUK_STRIDX_TRUE : DUK_STRIDX_FALSE);
		break;
	}
	case DUK_TAG_STRING: {
		duk_hstring *h;

		h = DUK_TVAL_GET_STRING(tv);
		DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);
		duk__enc_quote_string(js_ctx, h);
		break;
	}
	case DUK_TAG_OBJECT: {
		duk_hobject *obj;
		duk_tval *tv_val;
		duk_bool_t emitted = 0;
		duk_uint32_t c_bit, c_all, c_array, c_unbox, c_undef,
		             c_func, c_bufobj, c_object;

		/* For objects JSON.stringify() only looks for own, enumerable
		 * properties which is nice for the fast path here.
		 *
		 * For arrays JSON.stringify() uses [[Get]] so it will actually
		 * inherit properties during serialization!  This fast path
		 * supports gappy arrays as long as there's no actual inherited
		 * property (which might be a getter etc).
		 *
		 * Since recursion only happens for objects, we can have both
		 * recursion and loop checks here.  We use a simple, depth-limited
		 * loop check in the fast path because the object-based tracking
		 * is very slow (when tested, it accounted for 50% of fast path
		 * execution time for input data with a lot of small objects!).
		 */

		/* XXX: for real world code, could just ignore array inheritance
		 * and only look at array own properties.
		 */

		/* We rely on a few object flag / class number relationships here,
		 * assert for them.
		 */

		obj = DUK_TVAL_GET_OBJECT(tv);
		DUK_ASSERT(obj != NULL);
		DUK_ASSERT_HOBJECT_VALID(obj);

		/* Once recursion depth is increased, exit path must decrease
		 * it (though it's OK to abort the fast path).
		 */

		DUK_ASSERT(js_ctx->recursion_depth >= 0);
		DUK_ASSERT(js_ctx->recursion_depth <= js_ctx->recursion_limit);
		if (js_ctx->recursion_depth >= js_ctx->recursion_limit) {
			DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("fast path recursion limit"));
			DUK_ERROR_RANGE(js_ctx->thr, DUK_STR_JSONDEC_RECLIMIT);
		}

		for (i = 0, n = (duk_uint_fast32_t) js_ctx->recursion_depth; i < n; i++) {
			if (DUK_UNLIKELY(js_ctx->visiting[i] == obj)) {
				DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("fast path loop detect"));
				DUK_ERROR_TYPE(js_ctx->thr, DUK_STR_CYCLIC_INPUT);
			}
		}

		/* Guaranteed by recursion_limit setup so we don't have to
		 * check twice.
		 */
		DUK_ASSERT(js_ctx->recursion_depth < DUK_JSON_ENC_LOOPARRAY);
		js_ctx->visiting[js_ctx->recursion_depth] = obj;
		js_ctx->recursion_depth++;

		/* If object has a .toJSON() property, we can't be certain
		 * that it wouldn't mutate any value arbitrarily, so bail
		 * out of the fast path.
		 *
		 * If an object is a Proxy we also can't avoid side effects
		 * so abandon.
		 */
		/* XXX: non-callable .toJSON() doesn't need to cause an abort
		 * but does at the moment, probably not worth fixing.
		 */
		if (duk_hobject_hasprop_raw(js_ctx->thr, obj, DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_TO_JSON(js_ctx->thr)) ||
		    DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_PROXYOBJ(obj)) {
			DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("object has a .toJSON property or object is a Proxy, abort fast path"));
			goto abort_fastpath;
		}

		/* We could use a switch-case for the class number but it turns out
		 * a small if-else ladder on class masks is better.  The if-ladder
		 * should be in order of relevancy.
		 */

		/* XXX: move masks to js_ctx? they don't change during one
		 * fast path invocation.
		 */
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_MAX <= 31);
#if defined(DUK_USE_JX) || defined(DUK_USE_JC)
		if (js_ctx->flag_ext_custom_or_compatible) {
			c_all = DUK_HOBJECT_CMASK_ALL;
			c_array = DUK_HOBJECT_CMASK_ARRAY;
			c_unbox = DUK_HOBJECT_CMASK_NUMBER |
			          DUK_HOBJECT_CMASK_STRING |
			          DUK_HOBJECT_CMASK_BOOLEAN |
			          DUK_HOBJECT_CMASK_POINTER;
			c_func = DUK_HOBJECT_CMASK_FUNCTION;
			c_bufobj = DUK_HOBJECT_CMASK_ALL_BUFFEROBJECTS;
			c_undef = 0;
			c_object = c_all & ~(c_array | c_unbox | c_func | c_bufobj | c_undef);
		}
		else
#endif
		{
			c_all = DUK_HOBJECT_CMASK_ALL;
			c_array = DUK_HOBJECT_CMASK_ARRAY;
			c_unbox = DUK_HOBJECT_CMASK_NUMBER |
			          DUK_HOBJECT_CMASK_STRING |
			          DUK_HOBJECT_CMASK_BOOLEAN;
			c_func = 0;
			c_bufobj = 0;
			c_undef = DUK_HOBJECT_CMASK_FUNCTION |
			          DUK_HOBJECT_CMASK_POINTER |
			          DUK_HOBJECT_CMASK_ALL_BUFFEROBJECTS;
			c_object = c_all & ~(c_array | c_unbox | c_func | c_bufobj | c_undef);
		}

		c_bit = DUK_HOBJECT_GET_CLASS_MASK(obj);
		if (c_bit & c_object) {
			/* All other object types. */
			DUK__EMIT_1(js_ctx, DUK_ASC_LCURLY);

			/* A non-Array object should not have an array part in practice.
			 * But since it is supported internally (and perhaps used at some
			 * point), check and abandon if that's the case.
			 */
			if (DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_ARRAY_PART(obj)) {
				DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("non-Array object has array part, abort fast path"));
				goto abort_fastpath;
			}

			for (i = 0; i < (duk_uint_fast32_t) DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ENEXT(obj); i++) {
				duk_hstring *k;
				duk_size_t prev_size;

				k = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_KEY(js_ctx->thr->heap, obj, i);
				if (!k) {
					continue;
				}
				if (!DUK_HOBJECT_E_SLOT_IS_ENUMERABLE(js_ctx->thr->heap, obj, i)) {
					continue;
				}
				if (DUK_HOBJECT_E_SLOT_IS_ACCESSOR(js_ctx->thr->heap, obj, i)) {
					/* Getter might have arbitrary side effects,
					 * so bail out.
					 */
					DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("property is an accessor, abort fast path"));
					goto abort_fastpath;
				}
				if (DUK_HSTRING_HAS_INTERNAL(k)) {
					continue;
				}

				tv_val = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_TVAL_PTR(js_ctx->thr->heap, obj, i);

				prev_size = DUK_BW_GET_SIZE(js_ctx->thr, &js_ctx->bw);
				if (DUK_UNLIKELY(js_ctx->h_gap != NULL)) {
					duk__enc_newline_indent(js_ctx, js_ctx->recursion_depth);
					duk__enc_key_autoquote(js_ctx, k);
					DUK__EMIT_2(js_ctx, DUK_ASC_COLON, DUK_ASC_SPACE);
				} else {
					duk__enc_key_autoquote(js_ctx, k);
					DUK__EMIT_1(js_ctx, DUK_ASC_COLON);
				}

				if (duk__json_stringify_fast_value(js_ctx, tv_val) == 0) {
					DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("prop value not supported, rewind key and colon"));
					DUK_BW_SET_SIZE(js_ctx->thr, &js_ctx->bw, prev_size);
				} else {
					DUK__EMIT_1(js_ctx, DUK_ASC_COMMA);
					emitted = 1;
				}
			}

			/* If any non-Array value had enumerable virtual own
			 * properties, they should be serialized here.  Standard
			 * types don't.
			 */

			if (emitted) {
				DUK_ASSERT(*((duk_uint8_t *) DUK_BW_GET_PTR(js_ctx->thr, &js_ctx->bw) - 1) == DUK_ASC_COMMA);
				DUK__UNEMIT_1(js_ctx);  /* eat trailing comma */
				if (DUK_UNLIKELY(js_ctx->h_gap != NULL)) {
					DUK_ASSERT(js_ctx->recursion_depth >= 1);
					duk__enc_newline_indent(js_ctx, js_ctx->recursion_depth - 1);
				}
			}
			DUK__EMIT_1(js_ctx, DUK_ASC_RCURLY);
		} else if (c_bit & c_array) {
			duk_uint_fast32_t arr_len;
			duk_uint_fast32_t asize;

			DUK__EMIT_1(js_ctx, DUK_ASC_LBRACKET);

			/* Assume arrays are dense in the fast path. */
			if (!DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_ARRAY_PART(obj)) {
				DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("Array object is sparse, abort fast path"));
				goto abort_fastpath;
			}

			arr_len = (duk_uint_fast32_t) duk_hobject_get_length(js_ctx->thr, obj);
			asize = (duk_uint_fast32_t) DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ASIZE(obj);
			if (arr_len > asize) {
				/* Array length is larger than 'asize'.  This shouldn't
				 * happen in practice.  Bail out just in case.
				 */
				DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("arr_len > asize, abort fast path"));
				goto abort_fastpath;
			}
			/* Array part may be larger than 'length'; if so, iterate
			 * only up to array 'length'.
			 */
			for (i = 0; i < arr_len; i++) {
				DUK_ASSERT(i < (duk_uint_fast32_t) DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ASIZE(obj));

				tv_val = DUK_HOBJECT_A_GET_VALUE_PTR(js_ctx->thr->heap, obj, i);

				if (DUK_UNLIKELY(js_ctx->h_gap != NULL)) {
					duk__enc_newline_indent(js_ctx, js_ctx->recursion_depth);
				}

				if (DUK_UNLIKELY(DUK_TVAL_IS_UNUSED(tv_val))) {
					/* Gap in array; check for inherited property,
					 * bail out if one exists.  This should be enough
					 * to support gappy arrays for all practical code.
					 */
					duk_hstring *h_tmp;
					duk_bool_t has_inherited;

					/* XXX: refactor into an internal helper, pretty awkward */
					duk_push_uint((duk_context *) js_ctx->thr, (duk_uint_t) i);
					h_tmp = duk_to_hstring((duk_context *) js_ctx->thr, -1);
					DUK_ASSERT(h_tmp != NULL);
					has_inherited = duk_hobject_hasprop_raw(js_ctx->thr, obj, h_tmp);
					duk_pop((duk_context *) js_ctx->thr);

					if (has_inherited) {
						DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("gap in array, conflicting inherited property, abort fast path"));
						goto abort_fastpath;
					}

					/* Ordinary gap, undefined encodes to 'null' in
					 * standard JSON (and no JX/JC support here now).
					 */
					DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("gap in array, no conflicting inherited property, remain on fast path"));
#if defined(DUK_USE_JX)
					DUK__EMIT_STRIDX(js_ctx, js_ctx->stridx_custom_undefined);
#else
					DUK__EMIT_STRIDX(js_ctx, DUK_STRIDX_LC_NULL);
#endif
				} else {
					if (duk__json_stringify_fast_value(js_ctx, tv_val) == 0) {
						DUK__EMIT_STRIDX(js_ctx, DUK_STRIDX_LC_NULL);
					}
				}

				DUK__EMIT_1(js_ctx, DUK_ASC_COMMA);
				emitted = 1;
			}

			if (emitted) {
				DUK_ASSERT(*((duk_uint8_t *) DUK_BW_GET_PTR(js_ctx->thr, &js_ctx->bw) - 1) == DUK_ASC_COMMA);
				DUK__UNEMIT_1(js_ctx);  /* eat trailing comma */
				if (DUK_UNLIKELY(js_ctx->h_gap != NULL)) {
					DUK_ASSERT(js_ctx->recursion_depth >= 1);
					duk__enc_newline_indent(js_ctx, js_ctx->recursion_depth - 1);
				}
			}
			DUK__EMIT_1(js_ctx, DUK_ASC_RBRACKET);
		} else if (c_bit & c_unbox) {
			/* Certain boxed types are required to go through
			 * automatic unboxing.  Rely on internal value being
			 * sane (to avoid infinite recursion).
			 */
#if 1
			/* The code below is incorrect if .toString() or .valueOf() have
			 * have been overridden.  The correct approach would be to look up
			 * the method(s) and if they resolve to the built-in function we
			 * can safely bypass it and look up the internal value directly.
			 * Unimplemented for now, abort fast path for boxed values.
			 */
			goto abort_fastpath;
#else  /* disabled */
			/* Disabled until fixed, see above. */
			duk_tval *tv_internal;

			DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("auto unboxing in fast path"));

			tv_internal = duk_hobject_get_internal_value_tval_ptr(js_ctx->thr->heap, obj);
			DUK_ASSERT(tv_internal != NULL);
			DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_STRING(tv_internal) ||
			           DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv_internal) ||
			           DUK_TVAL_IS_BOOLEAN(tv_internal) ||
			           DUK_TVAL_IS_POINTER(tv_internal));

			tv = tv_internal;
			DUK_ASSERT(js_ctx->recursion_depth > 0);
			js_ctx->recursion_depth--;  /* required to keep recursion depth correct */
			goto restart_match;
#endif  /* disabled */
#if defined(DUK_USE_JX) || defined(DUK_USE_JC)
		} else if (c_bit & c_func) {
			DUK__EMIT_STRIDX(js_ctx, js_ctx->stridx_custom_function);
		} else if (c_bit & c_bufobj) {
			duk__enc_bufferobject(js_ctx, (duk_hbufferobject *) obj);
#endif
		} else {
			DUK_ASSERT((c_bit & c_undef) != 0);

			/* Must decrease recursion depth before returning. */
			DUK_ASSERT(js_ctx->recursion_depth > 0);
			DUK_ASSERT(js_ctx->recursion_depth <= js_ctx->recursion_limit);
			js_ctx->recursion_depth--;
			goto emit_undefined;
		}

		DUK_ASSERT(js_ctx->recursion_depth > 0);
		DUK_ASSERT(js_ctx->recursion_depth <= js_ctx->recursion_limit);
		js_ctx->recursion_depth--;
		break;
	}
	case DUK_TAG_BUFFER: {
#if defined(DUK_USE_JX) || defined(DUK_USE_JC)
		if (js_ctx->flag_ext_custom_or_compatible) {
			duk__enc_buffer(js_ctx, DUK_TVAL_GET_BUFFER(tv));
			break;
		} else {
			goto emit_undefined;
		}
#else
		goto emit_undefined;
#endif
	}
	case DUK_TAG_POINTER: {
#if defined(DUK_USE_JX) || defined(DUK_USE_JC)
		if (js_ctx->flag_ext_custom_or_compatible) {
			duk__enc_pointer(js_ctx, DUK_TVAL_GET_POINTER(tv));
			break;
		} else {
			goto emit_undefined;
		}
#else
		goto emit_undefined;
#endif
	}
	case DUK_TAG_LIGHTFUNC: {
		/* A lightfunc might also inherit a .toJSON() so just bail out. */
		/* XXX: Could just lookup .toJSON() and continue in fast path,
		 * as it would almost never be defined.
		 */
		DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("value is a lightfunc, abort fast path"));
		goto abort_fastpath;
	}
#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
	case DUK_TAG_FASTINT: {
		/* Number serialization has a significant impact relative to
		 * other fast path code, so careful fast path for fastints.
		 */
		duk__enc_fastint_tval(js_ctx, tv);
		break;
	}
#endif
	default: {
		/* XXX: A fast path for usual integers would be useful when
		 * fastint support is not enabled.
		 */
		DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_TVAL_IS_UNUSED(tv));
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv));

		/* XXX: Stack discipline is annoying, could be changed in numconv. */
		duk_push_tval((duk_context *) js_ctx->thr, tv);
		duk__enc_double(js_ctx);
		duk_pop((duk_context *) js_ctx->thr);

#if 0
		/* Could also rely on native sprintf(), but it will handle
		 * values like NaN, Infinity, -0, exponent notation etc in
		 * a JSON-incompatible way.
		 */
		duk_double_t d;
		char buf[64];

		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_DOUBLE(tv));
		d = DUK_TVAL_GET_DOUBLE(tv);
		DUK_SPRINTF(buf, "%lg", d);
		DUK__EMIT_CSTR(js_ctx, buf);
#endif
	}
	}
	return 1;  /* not undefined */

 emit_undefined:
	return 0;  /* value was undefined/unsupported */

 abort_fastpath:
	/* Error message doesn't matter: the error is ignored anyway. */
	DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("aborting fast path"));
	DUK_ERROR_INTERNAL_DEFMSG(js_ctx->thr);
	return 0;  /* unreachable */
}

DUK_LOCAL duk_ret_t duk__json_stringify_fast(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_json_enc_ctx *js_ctx;
	duk_tval *tv;

	DUK_ASSERT(ctx != NULL);
	tv = DUK_GET_TVAL_NEGIDX(ctx, -2);
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_POINTER(tv));
	js_ctx = (duk_json_enc_ctx *) DUK_TVAL_GET_POINTER(tv);
	DUK_ASSERT(js_ctx != NULL);

	tv = DUK_GET_TVAL_NEGIDX(ctx, -1);
	if (duk__json_stringify_fast_value(js_ctx, tv) == 0) {
		DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("top level value not supported, fail fast path"));
		return DUK_RET_ERROR;  /* error message doesn't matter, ignored anyway */
	}

	return 0;
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_JSON_STRINGIFY_FASTPATH */

/*
 *  Top level wrappers
 */

DUK_INTERNAL
void duk_bi_json_parse_helper(duk_context *ctx,
                              duk_idx_t idx_value,
                              duk_idx_t idx_reviver,
                              duk_small_uint_t flags) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_json_dec_ctx js_ctx_alloc;
	duk_json_dec_ctx *js_ctx = &js_ctx_alloc;
	duk_hstring *h_text;
#ifdef DUK_USE_ASSERTIONS
	duk_idx_t entry_top = duk_get_top(ctx);
#endif

	/* negative top-relative indices not allowed now */
	DUK_ASSERT(idx_value == DUK_INVALID_INDEX || idx_value >= 0);
	DUK_ASSERT(idx_reviver == DUK_INVALID_INDEX || idx_reviver >= 0);

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("JSON parse start: text=%!T, reviver=%!T, flags=0x%08lx, stack_top=%ld",
	                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, idx_value),
	                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, idx_reviver),
	                     (unsigned long) flags,
	                     (long) duk_get_top(ctx)));

	DUK_MEMZERO(&js_ctx_alloc, sizeof(js_ctx_alloc));
	js_ctx->thr = thr;
#ifdef DUK_USE_EXPLICIT_NULL_INIT
	/* nothing now */
#endif
	js_ctx->recursion_limit = DUK_USE_JSON_DEC_RECLIMIT;
	DUK_ASSERT(js_ctx->recursion_depth == 0);

	/* Flag handling currently assumes that flags are consistent.  This is OK
	 * because the call sites are now strictly controlled.
	 */

	js_ctx->flags = flags;
#if defined(DUK_USE_JX)
	js_ctx->flag_ext_custom = flags & DUK_JSON_FLAG_EXT_CUSTOM;
#endif
#if defined(DUK_USE_JC)
	js_ctx->flag_ext_compatible = flags & DUK_JSON_FLAG_EXT_COMPATIBLE;
#endif
#if defined(DUK_USE_JX) || defined(DUK_USE_JC)
	js_ctx->flag_ext_custom_or_compatible = flags & (DUK_JSON_FLAG_EXT_CUSTOM | DUK_JSON_FLAG_EXT_COMPATIBLE);
#endif

	h_text = duk_to_hstring(ctx, idx_value);  /* coerce in-place */
	DUK_ASSERT(h_text != NULL);

	/* JSON parsing code is allowed to read [p_start,p_end]: p_end is
	 * valid and points to the string NUL terminator (which is always
	 * guaranteed for duk_hstrings.
	 */
	js_ctx->p_start = (const duk_uint8_t *) DUK_HSTRING_GET_DATA(h_text);
	js_ctx->p = js_ctx->p_start;
	js_ctx->p_end = ((const duk_uint8_t *) DUK_HSTRING_GET_DATA(h_text)) +
	                DUK_HSTRING_GET_BYTELEN(h_text);
	DUK_ASSERT(*(js_ctx->p_end) == 0x00);

	duk__dec_value(js_ctx);  /* -> [ ... value ] */

	/* Trailing whitespace has been eaten by duk__dec_value(), so if
	 * we're not at end of input here, it's a SyntaxError.
	 */

	if (js_ctx->p != js_ctx->p_end) {
		duk__dec_syntax_error(js_ctx);
	}

	if (duk_is_callable(ctx, idx_reviver)) {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("applying reviver: %!T",
		                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, idx_reviver)));

		js_ctx->idx_reviver = idx_reviver;

		duk_push_object(ctx);
		duk_dup(ctx, -2);  /* -> [ ... val root val ] */
		duk_put_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_EMPTY_STRING);  /* default attrs ok */
		duk_push_hstring_stridx(ctx, DUK_STRIDX_EMPTY_STRING);  /* -> [ ... val root "" ] */

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("start reviver walk, root=%!T, name=%!T",
		                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -2),
		                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));

		duk__dec_reviver_walk(js_ctx);  /* [ ... val root "" ] -> [ ... val val' ] */
		duk_remove(ctx, -2);            /* -> [ ... val' ] */
	} else {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("reviver does not exist or is not callable: %!T",
		                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, idx_reviver)));
	}

	/* Final result is at stack top. */

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("JSON parse end: text=%!T, reviver=%!T, flags=0x%08lx, result=%!T, stack_top=%ld",
	                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, idx_value),
	                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, idx_reviver),
	                     (unsigned long) flags,
	                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1),
	                     (long) duk_get_top(ctx)));

	DUK_ASSERT(duk_get_top(ctx) == entry_top + 1);
}

DUK_INTERNAL
void duk_bi_json_stringify_helper(duk_context *ctx,
                                  duk_idx_t idx_value,
                                  duk_idx_t idx_replacer,
                                  duk_idx_t idx_space,
                                  duk_small_uint_t flags) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_json_enc_ctx js_ctx_alloc;
	duk_json_enc_ctx *js_ctx = &js_ctx_alloc;
	duk_hobject *h;
	duk_idx_t idx_holder;
	duk_idx_t entry_top;

	/* negative top-relative indices not allowed now */
	DUK_ASSERT(idx_value == DUK_INVALID_INDEX || idx_value >= 0);
	DUK_ASSERT(idx_replacer == DUK_INVALID_INDEX || idx_replacer >= 0);
	DUK_ASSERT(idx_space == DUK_INVALID_INDEX || idx_space >= 0);

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("JSON stringify start: value=%!T, replacer=%!T, space=%!T, flags=0x%08lx, stack_top=%ld",
	                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, idx_value),
	                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, idx_replacer),
	                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, idx_space),
	                     (unsigned long) flags,
	                     (long) duk_get_top(ctx)));

	entry_top = duk_get_top(ctx);

	/*
	 *  Context init
	 */

	DUK_MEMZERO(&js_ctx_alloc, sizeof(js_ctx_alloc));
	js_ctx->thr = thr;
#ifdef DUK_USE_EXPLICIT_NULL_INIT
	js_ctx->h_replacer = NULL;
	js_ctx->h_gap = NULL;
#endif
	js_ctx->idx_proplist = -1;

	/* Flag handling currently assumes that flags are consistent.  This is OK
	 * because the call sites are now strictly controlled.
	 */

	js_ctx->flags = flags;
	js_ctx->flag_ascii_only = flags & DUK_JSON_FLAG_ASCII_ONLY;
	js_ctx->flag_avoid_key_quotes = flags & DUK_JSON_FLAG_AVOID_KEY_QUOTES;
#ifdef DUK_USE_JX
	js_ctx->flag_ext_custom = flags & DUK_JSON_FLAG_EXT_CUSTOM;
#endif
#ifdef DUK_USE_JC
	js_ctx->flag_ext_compatible = flags & DUK_JSON_FLAG_EXT_COMPATIBLE;
#endif
#if defined(DUK_USE_JX) || defined(DUK_USE_JC)
	js_ctx->flag_ext_custom_or_compatible = flags & (DUK_JSON_FLAG_EXT_CUSTOM | DUK_JSON_FLAG_EXT_COMPATIBLE);
#endif

	/* The #ifdef clutter here handles the JX/JC enable/disable
	 * combinations properly.
	 */
#if defined(DUK_USE_JX) || defined(DUK_USE_JC)
	js_ctx->stridx_custom_undefined = DUK_STRIDX_LC_NULL;  /* standard JSON; array gaps */
#if defined(DUK_USE_JX)
	if (flags & DUK_JSON_FLAG_EXT_CUSTOM) {
		js_ctx->stridx_custom_undefined = DUK_STRIDX_LC_UNDEFINED;
		js_ctx->stridx_custom_nan = DUK_STRIDX_NAN;
		js_ctx->stridx_custom_neginf = DUK_STRIDX_MINUS_INFINITY;
		js_ctx->stridx_custom_posinf = DUK_STRIDX_INFINITY;
		js_ctx->stridx_custom_function =
		        (flags & DUK_JSON_FLAG_AVOID_KEY_QUOTES) ?
		                DUK_STRIDX_JSON_EXT_FUNCTION2 :
		                DUK_STRIDX_JSON_EXT_FUNCTION1;
	}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_JX */
#if defined(DUK_USE_JX) && defined(DUK_USE_JC)
	else
#endif  /* DUK_USE_JX && DUK_USE_JC */
#if defined(DUK_USE_JC)
	if (js_ctx->flags & DUK_JSON_FLAG_EXT_COMPATIBLE) {
		js_ctx->stridx_custom_undefined = DUK_STRIDX_JSON_EXT_UNDEFINED;
		js_ctx->stridx_custom_nan = DUK_STRIDX_JSON_EXT_NAN;
		js_ctx->stridx_custom_neginf = DUK_STRIDX_JSON_EXT_NEGINF;
		js_ctx->stridx_custom_posinf = DUK_STRIDX_JSON_EXT_POSINF;
		js_ctx->stridx_custom_function = DUK_STRIDX_JSON_EXT_FUNCTION1;
	}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_JC */
#endif  /* DUK_USE_JX || DUK_USE_JC */

#if defined(DUK_USE_JX) || defined(DUK_USE_JC)
	if (js_ctx->flags & (DUK_JSON_FLAG_EXT_CUSTOM |
	                     DUK_JSON_FLAG_EXT_COMPATIBLE)) {
		DUK_ASSERT(js_ctx->mask_for_undefined == 0);  /* already zero */
	}
	else
#endif  /* DUK_USE_JX || DUK_USE_JC */
	{
		js_ctx->mask_for_undefined = DUK_TYPE_MASK_UNDEFINED |
		                             DUK_TYPE_MASK_POINTER |
		                             DUK_TYPE_MASK_BUFFER |
		                             DUK_TYPE_MASK_LIGHTFUNC;
	}

	DUK_BW_INIT_PUSHBUF(thr, &js_ctx->bw, DUK__JSON_STRINGIFY_BUFSIZE);

	js_ctx->idx_loop = duk_push_object_internal(ctx);
	DUK_ASSERT(js_ctx->idx_loop >= 0);

	/* [ ... buf loop ] */

	/*
	 *  Process replacer/proplist (2nd argument to JSON.stringify)
	 */

	h = duk_get_hobject(ctx, idx_replacer);
	if (h != NULL) {
		if (DUK_HOBJECT_IS_CALLABLE(h)) {
			js_ctx->h_replacer = h;
		} else if (DUK_HOBJECT_GET_CLASS_NUMBER(h) == DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_ARRAY) {
			/* Here the specification requires correct array index enumeration
			 * which is a bit tricky for sparse arrays (it is handled by the
			 * enum setup code).  We now enumerate ancestors too, although the
			 * specification is not very clear on whether that is required.
			 */

			duk_uarridx_t plist_idx = 0;
			duk_small_uint_t enum_flags;

			js_ctx->idx_proplist = duk_push_array(ctx);  /* XXX: array internal? */

			enum_flags = DUK_ENUM_ARRAY_INDICES_ONLY |
			             DUK_ENUM_SORT_ARRAY_INDICES;  /* expensive flag */
			duk_enum(ctx, idx_replacer, enum_flags);
			while (duk_next(ctx, -1 /*enum_index*/, 1 /*get_value*/)) {
				/* [ ... proplist enum_obj key val ] */
				if (duk__enc_allow_into_proplist(duk_get_tval(ctx, -1))) {
					/* XXX: duplicates should be eliminated here */
					DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("proplist enum: key=%!T, val=%!T --> accept",
					                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -2),
					                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));
					duk_to_string(ctx, -1);  /* extra coercion of strings is OK */
					duk_put_prop_index(ctx, -4, plist_idx);  /* -> [ ... proplist enum_obj key ] */
					plist_idx++;
					duk_pop(ctx);
				} else {
					DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("proplist enum: key=%!T, val=%!T --> reject",
					                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -2),
					                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));
					duk_pop_2(ctx);
				}
                        }
                        duk_pop(ctx);  /* pop enum */

			/* [ ... proplist ] */
		}
	}

	/* [ ... buf loop (proplist) ] */

	/*
	 *  Process space (3rd argument to JSON.stringify)
	 */

	h = duk_get_hobject(ctx, idx_space);
	if (h != NULL) {
		int c = DUK_HOBJECT_GET_CLASS_NUMBER(h);
		if (c == DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_NUMBER) {
			duk_to_number(ctx, idx_space);
		} else if (c == DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_STRING) {
			duk_to_string(ctx, idx_space);
		}
	}

	if (duk_is_number(ctx, idx_space)) {
		duk_small_int_t nspace;
		/* spaces[] must be static to allow initializer with old compilers like BCC */
		static const char spaces[10] = {
			DUK_ASC_SPACE, DUK_ASC_SPACE, DUK_ASC_SPACE, DUK_ASC_SPACE,
			DUK_ASC_SPACE, DUK_ASC_SPACE, DUK_ASC_SPACE, DUK_ASC_SPACE,
			DUK_ASC_SPACE, DUK_ASC_SPACE
		};  /* XXX: helper */

		/* ToInteger() coercion; NaN -> 0, infinities are clamped to 0 and 10 */
		nspace = (duk_small_int_t) duk_to_int_clamped(ctx, idx_space, 0 /*minval*/, 10 /*maxval*/);
		DUK_ASSERT(nspace >= 0 && nspace <= 10);

		duk_push_lstring(ctx, spaces, (duk_size_t) nspace);
		js_ctx->h_gap = duk_get_hstring(ctx, -1);
		DUK_ASSERT(js_ctx->h_gap != NULL);
	} else if (duk_is_string(ctx, idx_space)) {
		/* XXX: substring in-place at idx_place? */
		duk_dup(ctx, idx_space);
		duk_substring(ctx, -1, 0, 10);  /* clamp to 10 chars */
		js_ctx->h_gap = duk_get_hstring(ctx, -1);
		DUK_ASSERT(js_ctx->h_gap != NULL);
	} else {
		/* nop */
	}

	if (js_ctx->h_gap != NULL) {
		/* if gap is empty, behave as if not given at all */
		if (DUK_HSTRING_GET_CHARLEN(js_ctx->h_gap) == 0) {
			js_ctx->h_gap = NULL;
		}
	}

	/* [ ... buf loop (proplist) (gap) ] */

	/*
	 *  Fast path: assume no mutation, iterate object property tables
	 *  directly; bail out if that assumption doesn't hold.
	 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_JSON_STRINGIFY_FASTPATH)
	if (js_ctx->h_replacer == NULL &&  /* replacer is a mutation risk */
	    js_ctx->idx_proplist == -1) {  /* proplist is very rare */
		duk_int_t pcall_rc;
#ifdef DUK_USE_MARK_AND_SWEEP
		duk_small_uint_t prev_mark_and_sweep_base_flags;
#endif

		DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("try JSON.stringify() fast path"));

		/* Use recursion_limit to ensure we don't overwrite js_ctx->visiting[]
		 * array so we don't need two counter checks in the fast path.  The
		 * slow path has a much larger recursion limit which we'll use if
		 * necessary.
		 */
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_USE_JSON_ENC_RECLIMIT >= DUK_JSON_ENC_LOOPARRAY);
		js_ctx->recursion_limit = DUK_JSON_ENC_LOOPARRAY;
		DUK_ASSERT(js_ctx->recursion_depth == 0);

		/* Execute the fast path in a protected call.  If any error is thrown,
		 * fall back to the slow path.  This includes e.g. recursion limit
		 * because the fast path has a smaller recursion limit (and simpler,
		 * limited loop detection).
		 */

		duk_push_pointer(ctx, (void *) js_ctx);
		duk_dup(ctx, idx_value);

#if defined(DUK_USE_MARK_AND_SWEEP)
		/* Must prevent finalizers which may have arbitrary side effects. */
		prev_mark_and_sweep_base_flags = thr->heap->mark_and_sweep_base_flags;
		thr->heap->mark_and_sweep_base_flags |=
			DUK_MS_FLAG_NO_FINALIZERS |         /* avoid attempts to add/remove object keys */
		        DUK_MS_FLAG_NO_OBJECT_COMPACTION;   /* avoid attempt to compact any objects */
#endif

		pcall_rc = duk_safe_call(ctx, duk__json_stringify_fast, 2 /*nargs*/, 0 /*nret*/);

#if defined(DUK_USE_MARK_AND_SWEEP)
		thr->heap->mark_and_sweep_base_flags = prev_mark_and_sweep_base_flags;
#endif
		if (pcall_rc == DUK_EXEC_SUCCESS) {
			DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("fast path successful"));
			DUK_BW_PUSH_AS_STRING(thr, &js_ctx->bw);
			goto replace_finished;
		}

		/* We come here for actual aborts (like encountering .toJSON())
		 * but also for recursion/loop errors.  Bufwriter size can be
		 * kept because we'll probably need at least as much as we've
		 * allocated so far.
		 */
		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("fast path failed, serialize using slow path instead"));
		DUK_BW_RESET_SIZE(thr, &js_ctx->bw);
		js_ctx->recursion_depth = 0;
	}
#endif

	/*
	 *  Create wrapper object and serialize
	 */

	idx_holder = duk_push_object(ctx);
	duk_dup(ctx, idx_value);
	duk_put_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_EMPTY_STRING);

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("before: flags=0x%08lx, loop=%!T, replacer=%!O, "
	                     "proplist=%!T, gap=%!O, holder=%!T",
	                     (unsigned long) js_ctx->flags,
	                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, js_ctx->idx_loop),
	                     (duk_heaphdr *) js_ctx->h_replacer,
	                     (duk_tval *) (js_ctx->idx_proplist >= 0 ? duk_get_tval(ctx, js_ctx->idx_proplist) : NULL),
	                     (duk_heaphdr *) js_ctx->h_gap,
	                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));

	/* serialize the wrapper with empty string key */

	duk_push_hstring_stridx(ctx, DUK_STRIDX_EMPTY_STRING);

	/* [ ... buf loop (proplist) (gap) holder "" ] */

	js_ctx->recursion_limit = DUK_USE_JSON_ENC_RECLIMIT;
	DUK_ASSERT(js_ctx->recursion_depth == 0);

	if (DUK_UNLIKELY(duk__enc_value(js_ctx, idx_holder) == 0)) {  /* [ ... holder key ] -> [ ... holder ] */
		/* Result is undefined. */
		duk_push_undefined(ctx);
	} else {
		/* Convert buffer to result string. */
		DUK_BW_PUSH_AS_STRING(thr, &js_ctx->bw);
	}

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("after: flags=0x%08lx, loop=%!T, replacer=%!O, "
	                     "proplist=%!T, gap=%!O, holder=%!T",
	                     (unsigned long) js_ctx->flags,
	                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, js_ctx->idx_loop),
	                     (duk_heaphdr *) js_ctx->h_replacer,
	                     (duk_tval *) (js_ctx->idx_proplist >= 0 ? duk_get_tval(ctx, js_ctx->idx_proplist) : NULL),
	                     (duk_heaphdr *) js_ctx->h_gap,
	                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, idx_holder)));

	/* The stack has a variable shape here, so force it to the
	 * desired one explicitly.
	 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_JSON_STRINGIFY_FASTPATH)
 replace_finished:
#endif
	duk_replace(ctx, entry_top);
	duk_set_top(ctx, entry_top + 1);

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("JSON stringify end: value=%!T, replacer=%!T, space=%!T, "
	                     "flags=0x%08lx, result=%!T, stack_top=%ld",
	                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, idx_value),
	                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, idx_replacer),
	                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, idx_space),
	                     (unsigned long) flags,
	                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1),
	                     (long) duk_get_top(ctx)));

	DUK_ASSERT(duk_get_top(ctx) == entry_top + 1);
}

/*
 *  Entry points
 */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_json_object_parse(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_bi_json_parse_helper(ctx,
	                         0 /*idx_value*/,
	                         1 /*idx_replacer*/,
	                         0 /*flags*/);
	return 1;
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_json_object_stringify(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_bi_json_stringify_helper(ctx,
	                             0 /*idx_value*/,
	                             1 /*idx_replacer*/,
	                             2 /*idx_space*/,
	                             0 /*flags*/);
	return 1;
}

#undef DUK__JSON_DECSTR_BUFSIZE
#undef DUK__JSON_DECSTR_CHUNKSIZE
#undef DUK__JSON_ENCSTR_CHUNKSIZE
#undef DUK__JSON_STRINGIFY_BUFSIZE
#undef DUK__JSON_MAX_ESC_LEN
/*
 *  Logging support
 */

/* include removed: duk_internal.h */

/* 3-letter log level strings */
DUK_LOCAL const duk_uint8_t duk__log_level_strings[] = {
	(duk_uint8_t) DUK_ASC_UC_T, (duk_uint8_t) DUK_ASC_UC_R, (duk_uint8_t) DUK_ASC_UC_C,
	(duk_uint8_t) DUK_ASC_UC_D, (duk_uint8_t) DUK_ASC_UC_B, (duk_uint8_t) DUK_ASC_UC_G,
	(duk_uint8_t) DUK_ASC_UC_I, (duk_uint8_t) DUK_ASC_UC_N, (duk_uint8_t) DUK_ASC_UC_F,
	(duk_uint8_t) DUK_ASC_UC_W, (duk_uint8_t) DUK_ASC_UC_R, (duk_uint8_t) DUK_ASC_UC_N,
	(duk_uint8_t) DUK_ASC_UC_E, (duk_uint8_t) DUK_ASC_UC_R, (duk_uint8_t) DUK_ASC_UC_R,
	(duk_uint8_t) DUK_ASC_UC_F, (duk_uint8_t) DUK_ASC_UC_T, (duk_uint8_t) DUK_ASC_UC_L
};

/* Constructor */
DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_logger_constructor(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_idx_t nargs;

	/* Calling as a non-constructor is not meaningful. */
	if (!duk_is_constructor_call(ctx)) {
		return DUK_RET_TYPE_ERROR;
	}

	nargs = duk_get_top(ctx);
	duk_set_top(ctx, 1);

	duk_push_this(ctx);

	/* [ name this ] */

	if (nargs == 0) {
		/* Automatic defaulting of logger name from caller.  This would
		 * work poorly with tail calls, but constructor calls are currently
		 * never tail calls, so tail calls are not an issue now.
		 */

		if (thr->callstack_top >= 2) {
			duk_activation *act_caller = thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top - 2;
			duk_hobject *func_caller;

			func_caller = DUK_ACT_GET_FUNC(act_caller);
			if (func_caller) {
				/* Stripping the filename might be a good idea
				 * ("/foo/bar/quux.js" -> logger name "quux"),
				 * but now used verbatim.
				 */
				duk_push_hobject(ctx, func_caller);
				duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, -1, DUK_STRIDX_FILE_NAME);
				duk_replace(ctx, 0);
			}
		}
	}
	/* the stack is unbalanced here on purpose; we only rely on the
	 * initial two values: [ name this ].
	 */

	if (duk_is_string(ctx, 0)) {
		duk_dup(ctx, 0);
		duk_put_prop_stridx(ctx, 1, DUK_STRIDX_LC_N);
	} else {
		/* don't set 'n' at all, inherited value is used as name */
	}

	duk_compact(ctx, 1);

	return 0;  /* keep default instance */
}

/* Default function to format objects.  Tries to use toLogString() but falls
 * back to toString().  Any errors are propagated out without catching.
 */
DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_logger_prototype_fmt(duk_context *ctx) {
	if (duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, 0, DUK_STRIDX_TO_LOG_STRING)) {
		/* [ arg toLogString ] */

		duk_dup(ctx, 0);
		duk_call_method(ctx, 0);

		/* [ arg result ] */
		return 1;
	}

	/* [ arg undefined ] */
	duk_pop(ctx);
	duk_to_string(ctx, 0);
	return 1;
}

/* Default function to write a formatted log line.  Writes to stderr,
 * appending a newline to the log line.
 *
 * The argument is a buffer whose visible size contains the log message.
 * This function should avoid coercing the buffer to a string to avoid
 * string table traffic.
 */
DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_logger_prototype_raw(duk_context *ctx) {
	const char *data;
	duk_size_t data_len;

	DUK_UNREF(ctx);
	DUK_UNREF(data);
	DUK_UNREF(data_len);

#ifdef DUK_USE_FILE_IO
	data = (const char *) duk_require_buffer(ctx, 0, &data_len);
	DUK_FWRITE((const void *) data, 1, data_len, DUK_STDERR);
	DUK_FPUTC((int) '\n', DUK_STDERR);
	DUK_FFLUSH(DUK_STDERR);
#else
	/* nop */
#endif
	return 0;
}

/* Log frontend shared helper, magic value indicates log level.  Provides
 * frontend functions: trace(), debug(), info(), warn(), error(), fatal().
 * This needs to have small footprint, reasonable performance, minimal
 * memory churn, etc.
 */
DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_logger_prototype_log_shared(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_double_t now;
	duk_small_int_t entry_lev = duk_get_current_magic(ctx);
	duk_small_int_t logger_lev;
	duk_int_t nargs;
	duk_int_t i;
	duk_size_t tot_len;
	const duk_uint8_t *arg_str;
	duk_size_t arg_len;
	duk_uint8_t *buf, *p;
	const duk_uint8_t *q;
	duk_uint8_t date_buf[DUK_BI_DATE_ISO8601_BUFSIZE];
	duk_size_t date_len;
	duk_small_int_t rc;

	DUK_ASSERT(entry_lev >= 0 && entry_lev <= 5);
	DUK_UNREF(thr);

	/* XXX: sanitize to printable (and maybe ASCII) */
	/* XXX: better multiline */

	/*
	 *  Logger arguments are:
	 *
	 *    magic: log level (0-5)
	 *    this: logger
	 *    stack: plain log args
	 *
	 *  We want to minimize memory churn so a two-pass approach
	 *  is used: first pass formats arguments and computes final
	 *  string length, second pass copies strings either into a
	 *  pre-allocated and reused buffer (short messages) or into a
	 *  newly allocated fixed buffer.  If the backend function plays
	 *  nice, it won't coerce the buffer to a string (and thus
	 *  intern it).
	 */

	nargs = duk_get_top(ctx);

	/* [ arg1 ... argN this ] */

	/*
	 *  Log level check
	 */

	duk_push_this(ctx);

	duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, -1, DUK_STRIDX_LC_L);
	logger_lev = (duk_small_int_t) duk_get_int(ctx, -1);
	if (entry_lev < logger_lev) {
		return 0;
	}
	/* log level could be popped but that's not necessary */

	now = DUK_USE_DATE_GET_NOW(ctx);
	duk_bi_date_format_timeval(now, date_buf);
	date_len = DUK_STRLEN((const char *) date_buf);

	duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_LC_N);
	duk_to_string(ctx, -1);
	DUK_ASSERT(duk_is_string(ctx, -1));

	/* [ arg1 ... argN this loggerLevel loggerName ] */

	/*
	 *  Pass 1
	 */

	/* Line format: <time> <entryLev> <loggerName>: <msg> */

	tot_len = 0;
	tot_len += 3 +  /* separators: space, space, colon */
	           3 +  /* level string */
	           date_len +  /* time */
	           duk_get_length(ctx, -1);  /* loggerName */

	for (i = 0; i < nargs; i++) {
		/* When formatting an argument to a string, errors may happen from multiple
		 * causes.  In general we want to catch obvious errors like a toLogString()
		 * throwing an error, but we don't currently try to catch every possible
		 * error.  In particular, internal errors (like out of memory or stack) are
		 * not caught.  Also, we expect Error toString() to not throw an error.
		 */
		if (duk_is_object(ctx, i)) {
			/* duk_pcall_prop() may itself throw an error, but we're content
			 * in catching the obvious errors (like toLogString() throwing an
			 * error).
			 */
			duk_push_hstring_stridx(ctx, DUK_STRIDX_FMT);
			duk_dup(ctx, i);
			/* [ arg1 ... argN this loggerLevel loggerName 'fmt' arg ] */
			/* call: this.fmt(arg) */
			rc = duk_pcall_prop(ctx, -5 /*obj_index*/, 1 /*nargs*/);
			if (rc) {
				/* Keep the error as the result (coercing it might fail below,
				 * but we don't catch that now).
				 */
				;
			}
			duk_replace(ctx, i);
		}
		(void) duk_to_lstring(ctx, i, &arg_len);
		tot_len++;  /* sep (even before first one) */
		tot_len += arg_len;
	}

	/*
	 *  Pass 2
	 */

	/* XXX: There used to be a shared log buffer here, but it was removed
	 * when dynamic buffer spare was removed.  The problem with using
	 * bufwriter is that, without the spare, the buffer gets passed on
	 * as an argument to the raw() call so it'd need to be resized
	 * (reallocated) anyway.  If raw() call convention is changed, this
	 * could be made more efficient.
	 */

	buf = (duk_uint8_t *) duk_push_fixed_buffer(ctx, tot_len);
	DUK_ASSERT(buf != NULL);
	p = buf;

	DUK_MEMCPY((void *) p, (const void *) date_buf, (size_t) date_len);
	p += date_len;
	*p++ = (duk_uint8_t) DUK_ASC_SPACE;

	q = duk__log_level_strings + (entry_lev * 3);
	DUK_MEMCPY((void *) p, (const void *) q, (size_t) 3);
	p += 3;

	*p++ = (duk_uint8_t) DUK_ASC_SPACE;

	arg_str = (const duk_uint8_t *) duk_get_lstring(ctx, -2, &arg_len);
	DUK_MEMCPY((void *) p, (const void *) arg_str, (size_t) arg_len);
	p += arg_len;

	*p++ = (duk_uint8_t) DUK_ASC_COLON;

	for (i = 0; i < nargs; i++) {
		*p++ = (duk_uint8_t) DUK_ASC_SPACE;

		arg_str = (const duk_uint8_t *) duk_get_lstring(ctx, i, &arg_len);
		DUK_ASSERT(arg_str != NULL);
		DUK_MEMCPY((void *) p, (const void *) arg_str, (size_t) arg_len);
		p += arg_len;
	}
	DUK_ASSERT(buf + tot_len == p);

	/* [ arg1 ... argN this loggerLevel loggerName buffer ] */

#if defined(DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_SUPPORT) && defined(DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_FWD_LOGGING)
	/* Do debugger forwarding before raw() because the raw() function
	 * doesn't get the log level right now.
	 */
	if (DUK_HEAP_IS_DEBUGGER_ATTACHED(thr->heap)) {
		const char *log_buf;
		duk_size_t sz_buf;
		log_buf = (const char *) duk_get_buffer(ctx, -1, &sz_buf);
		DUK_ASSERT(log_buf != NULL);
		duk_debug_write_notify(thr, DUK_DBG_CMD_LOG);
		duk_debug_write_int(thr, (duk_int32_t) entry_lev);
		duk_debug_write_string(thr, (const char *) log_buf, sz_buf);
		duk_debug_write_eom(thr);
	}
#endif

	/* Call this.raw(msg); look up through the instance allows user to override
	 * the raw() function in the instance or in the prototype for maximum
	 * flexibility.
	 */
	duk_push_hstring_stridx(ctx, DUK_STRIDX_RAW);
	duk_dup(ctx, -2);
	/* [ arg1 ... argN this loggerLevel loggerName buffer 'raw' buffer ] */
	duk_call_prop(ctx, -6, 1);  /* this.raw(buffer) */

	return 0;
}
/*
 *  Math built-ins
 */

/* include removed: duk_internal.h */

#if defined(DUK_USE_MATH_BUILTIN)

/*
 *  Use static helpers which can work with math.h functions matching
 *  the following signatures. This is not portable if any of these math
 *  functions is actually a macro.
 *
 *  Typing here is intentionally 'double' wherever values interact with
 *  the standard library APIs.
 */

typedef double (*duk__one_arg_func)(double);
typedef double (*duk__two_arg_func)(double, double);

DUK_LOCAL duk_ret_t duk__math_minmax(duk_context *ctx, duk_double_t initial, duk__two_arg_func min_max) {
	duk_idx_t n = duk_get_top(ctx);
	duk_idx_t i;
	duk_double_t res = initial;
	duk_double_t t;

	/*
	 *  Note: fmax() does not match the E5 semantics.  E5 requires
	 *  that if -any- input to Math.max() is a NaN, the result is a
	 *  NaN.  fmax() will return a NaN only if -both- inputs are NaN.
	 *  Same applies to fmin().
	 *
	 *  Note: every input value must be coerced with ToNumber(), even
	 *  if we know the result will be a NaN anyway: ToNumber() may have
	 *  side effects for which even order of evaluation matters.
	 */

	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		t = duk_to_number(ctx, i);
		if (DUK_FPCLASSIFY(t) == DUK_FP_NAN || DUK_FPCLASSIFY(res) == DUK_FP_NAN) {
			/* Note: not normalized, but duk_push_number() will normalize */
			res = (duk_double_t) DUK_DOUBLE_NAN;
		} else {
			res = (duk_double_t) min_max(res, (double) t);
		}
	}

	duk_push_number(ctx, res);
	return 1;
}

DUK_LOCAL double duk__fmin_fixed(double x, double y) {
	/* fmin() with args -0 and +0 is not guaranteed to return
	 * -0 as Ecmascript requires.
	 */
	if (x == 0 && y == 0) {
		/* XXX: what's the safest way of creating a negative zero? */
		if (DUK_SIGNBIT(x) != 0 || DUK_SIGNBIT(y) != 0) {
			return -0.0;
		} else {
			return +0.0;
		}
	}
#ifdef DUK_USE_MATH_FMIN
	return DUK_FMIN(x, y);
#else
	return (x < y ? x : y);
#endif
}

DUK_LOCAL double duk__fmax_fixed(double x, double y) {
	/* fmax() with args -0 and +0 is not guaranteed to return
	 * +0 as Ecmascript requires.
	 */
	if (x == 0 && y == 0) {
		if (DUK_SIGNBIT(x) == 0 || DUK_SIGNBIT(y) == 0) {
			return +0.0;
		} else {
			return -0.0;
		}
	}
#ifdef DUK_USE_MATH_FMAX
	return DUK_FMAX(x, y);
#else
	return (x > y ? x : y);
#endif
}

DUK_LOCAL double duk__round_fixed(double x) {
	/* Numbers half-way between integers must be rounded towards +Infinity,
	 * e.g. -3.5 must be rounded to -3 (not -4).  When rounded to zero, zero
	 * sign must be set appropriately.  E5.1 Section 15.8.2.15.
	 *
	 * Note that ANSI C round() is "round to nearest integer, away from zero",
	 * which is incorrect for negative values.  Here we make do with floor().
	 */

	duk_small_int_t c = (duk_small_int_t) DUK_FPCLASSIFY(x);
	if (c == DUK_FP_NAN || c == DUK_FP_INFINITE || c == DUK_FP_ZERO) {
		return x;
	}

	/*
	 *  x is finite and non-zero
	 *
	 *  -1.6 -> floor(-1.1) -> -2
	 *  -1.5 -> floor(-1.0) -> -1  (towards +Inf)
	 *  -1.4 -> floor(-0.9) -> -1
	 *  -0.5 -> -0.0               (special case)
	 *  -0.1 -> -0.0               (special case)
	 *  +0.1 -> +0.0               (special case)
	 *  +0.5 -> floor(+1.0) -> 1   (towards +Inf)
	 *  +1.4 -> floor(+1.9) -> 1
	 *  +1.5 -> floor(+2.0) -> 2   (towards +Inf)
	 *  +1.6 -> floor(+2.1) -> 2
	 */

	if (x >= -0.5 && x < 0.5) {
		/* +0.5 is handled by floor, this is on purpose */
		if (x < 0.0) {
			return -0.0;
		} else {
			return +0.0;
		}
	}

	return DUK_FLOOR(x + 0.5);
}

DUK_LOCAL double duk__pow_fixed(double x, double y) {
	/* The ANSI C pow() semantics differ from Ecmascript.
	 *
	 * E.g. when x==1 and y is +/- infinite, the Ecmascript required
	 * result is NaN, while at least Linux pow() returns 1.
	 */

	duk_small_int_t cx, cy, sx;

	DUK_UNREF(cx);
	DUK_UNREF(sx);
	cy = (duk_small_int_t) DUK_FPCLASSIFY(y);

	if (cy == DUK_FP_NAN) {
		goto ret_nan;
	}
	if (DUK_FABS(x) == 1.0 && cy == DUK_FP_INFINITE) {
		goto ret_nan;
	}
#if defined(DUK_USE_POW_NETBSD_WORKAROUND)
	/* See test-bug-netbsd-math-pow.js: NetBSD 6.0 on x86 (at least) does not
	 * correctly handle some cases where x=+/-0.  Specific fixes to these
	 * here.
	 */
	cx = (duk_small_int_t) DUK_FPCLASSIFY(x);
	if (cx == DUK_FP_ZERO && y < 0.0) {
		sx = (duk_small_int_t) DUK_SIGNBIT(x);
		if (sx == 0) {
			/* Math.pow(+0,y) should be Infinity when y<0.  NetBSD pow()
			 * returns -Infinity instead when y is <0 and finite.  The
			 * if-clause also catches y == -Infinity (which works even
			 * without the fix).
			 */
			return DUK_DOUBLE_INFINITY;
		} else {
			/* Math.pow(-0,y) where y<0 should be:
			 *   - -Infinity if y<0 and an odd integer
			 *   - Infinity otherwise
			 * NetBSD pow() returns -Infinity for all finite y<0.  The
			 * if-clause also catches y == -Infinity (which works even
			 * without the fix).
			 */

			/* fmod() return value has same sign as input (negative) so
			 * the result here will be in the range ]-2,0], 1 indicates
			 * odd.  If x is -Infinity, NaN is returned and the odd check
			 * always concludes "not odd" which results in desired outcome.
			 */
			double tmp = DUK_FMOD(y, 2);
			if (tmp == -1.0) {
				return -DUK_DOUBLE_INFINITY;
			} else {
				/* Not odd, or y == -Infinity */
				return DUK_DOUBLE_INFINITY;
			}
		}
	}
#endif
	return DUK_POW(x, y);

 ret_nan:
	return DUK_DOUBLE_NAN;
}

/* Wrappers for calling standard math library methods.  These may be required
 * on platforms where one or more of the math built-ins are defined as macros
 * or inline functions and are thus not suitable to be used as function pointers.
 */
#if defined(DUK_USE_AVOID_PLATFORM_FUNCPTRS)
DUK_LOCAL double duk__fabs(double x) {
	return DUK_FABS(x);
}
DUK_LOCAL double duk__acos(double x) {
	return DUK_ACOS(x);
}
DUK_LOCAL double duk__asin(double x) {
	return DUK_ASIN(x);
}
DUK_LOCAL double duk__atan(double x) {
	return DUK_ATAN(x);
}
DUK_LOCAL double duk__ceil(double x) {
	return DUK_CEIL(x);
}
DUK_LOCAL double duk__cos(double x) {
	return DUK_COS(x);
}
DUK_LOCAL double duk__exp(double x) {
	return DUK_EXP(x);
}
DUK_LOCAL double duk__floor(double x) {
	return DUK_FLOOR(x);
}
DUK_LOCAL double duk__log(double x) {
	return DUK_LOG(x);
}
DUK_LOCAL double duk__sin(double x) {
	return DUK_SIN(x);
}
DUK_LOCAL double duk__sqrt(double x) {
	return DUK_SQRT(x);
}
DUK_LOCAL double duk__tan(double x) {
	return DUK_TAN(x);
}
DUK_LOCAL double duk__atan2(double x, double y) {
	return DUK_ATAN2(x, y);
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_AVOID_PLATFORM_FUNCPTRS */

/* order must match constants in genbuiltins.py */
DUK_LOCAL const duk__one_arg_func duk__one_arg_funcs[] = {
#if defined(DUK_USE_AVOID_PLATFORM_FUNCPTRS)
	duk__fabs,
	duk__acos,
	duk__asin,
	duk__atan,
	duk__ceil,
	duk__cos,
	duk__exp,
	duk__floor,
	duk__log,
	duk__round_fixed,
	duk__sin,
	duk__sqrt,
	duk__tan
#else
	DUK_FABS,
	DUK_ACOS,
	DUK_ASIN,
	DUK_ATAN,
	DUK_CEIL,
	DUK_COS,
	DUK_EXP,
	DUK_FLOOR,
	DUK_LOG,
	duk__round_fixed,
	DUK_SIN,
	DUK_SQRT,
	DUK_TAN
#endif
};

/* order must match constants in genbuiltins.py */
DUK_LOCAL const duk__two_arg_func duk__two_arg_funcs[] = {
#if defined(DUK_USE_AVOID_PLATFORM_FUNCPTRS)
	duk__atan2,
	duk__pow_fixed
#else
	DUK_ATAN2,
	duk__pow_fixed
#endif
};

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_math_object_onearg_shared(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_small_int_t fun_idx = duk_get_current_magic(ctx);
	duk__one_arg_func fun;

	DUK_ASSERT(fun_idx >= 0);
	DUK_ASSERT(fun_idx < (duk_small_int_t) (sizeof(duk__one_arg_funcs) / sizeof(duk__one_arg_func)));
	fun = duk__one_arg_funcs[fun_idx];
	duk_push_number(ctx, (duk_double_t) fun((double) duk_to_number(ctx, 0)));
	return 1;
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_math_object_twoarg_shared(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_small_int_t fun_idx = duk_get_current_magic(ctx);
	duk__two_arg_func fun;

	DUK_ASSERT(fun_idx >= 0);
	DUK_ASSERT(fun_idx < (duk_small_int_t) (sizeof(duk__two_arg_funcs) / sizeof(duk__two_arg_func)));
	fun = duk__two_arg_funcs[fun_idx];
	duk_push_number(ctx, (duk_double_t) fun((double) duk_to_number(ctx, 0), (double) duk_to_number(ctx, 1)));
	return 1;
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_math_object_max(duk_context *ctx) {
	return duk__math_minmax(ctx, -DUK_DOUBLE_INFINITY, duk__fmax_fixed);
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_math_object_min(duk_context *ctx) {
	return duk__math_minmax(ctx, DUK_DOUBLE_INFINITY, duk__fmin_fixed);
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_math_object_random(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_push_number(ctx, (duk_double_t) duk_util_tinyrandom_get_double((duk_hthread *) ctx));
	return 1;
}

#else  /* DUK_USE_MATH_BUILTIN */

/* A stubbed built-in is useful for e.g. compilation torture testing with BCC. */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_math_object_onearg_shared(duk_context *ctx) {
	DUK_UNREF(ctx);
	return DUK_RET_UNIMPLEMENTED_ERROR;
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_math_object_twoarg_shared(duk_context *ctx) {
	DUK_UNREF(ctx);
	return DUK_RET_UNIMPLEMENTED_ERROR;
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_math_object_max(duk_context *ctx) {
	DUK_UNREF(ctx);
	return DUK_RET_UNIMPLEMENTED_ERROR;
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_math_object_min(duk_context *ctx) {
	DUK_UNREF(ctx);
	return DUK_RET_UNIMPLEMENTED_ERROR;
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_math_object_random(duk_context *ctx) {
	DUK_UNREF(ctx);
	return DUK_RET_UNIMPLEMENTED_ERROR;
}

#endif  /* DUK_USE_MATH_BUILTIN */
/*
 *  Number built-ins
 */

/* include removed: duk_internal.h */

DUK_LOCAL duk_double_t duk__push_this_number_plain(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hobject *h;

	/* Number built-in accepts a plain number or a Number object (whose
	 * internal value is operated on).  Other types cause TypeError.
	 */

	duk_push_this(ctx);
	if (duk_is_number(ctx, -1)) {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("plain number value: %!T", (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));
		goto done;
	}
	h = duk_get_hobject(ctx, -1);
	if (!h ||
	    (DUK_HOBJECT_GET_CLASS_NUMBER(h) != DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_NUMBER)) {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("unacceptable this value: %!T", (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));
		DUK_ERROR_TYPE((duk_hthread *) ctx, "number expected");
	}
	duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, -1, DUK_STRIDX_INT_VALUE);
	DUK_ASSERT(duk_is_number(ctx, -1));
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("number object: %!T, internal value: %!T",
	                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -2), (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));
	duk_remove(ctx, -2);

 done:
	return duk_get_number(ctx, -1);
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_number_constructor(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_idx_t nargs;
	duk_hobject *h_this;

	DUK_UNREF(thr);

	/*
	 *  The Number constructor uses ToNumber(arg) for number coercion
	 *  (coercing an undefined argument to NaN).  However, if the
	 *  argument is not given at all, +0 must be used instead.  To do
	 *  this, a vararg function is used.
	 */

	nargs = duk_get_top(ctx);
	if (nargs == 0) {
		duk_push_int(ctx, 0);
	}
	duk_to_number(ctx, 0);
	duk_set_top(ctx, 1);
	DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, 1);

	if (!duk_is_constructor_call(ctx)) {
		return 1;
	}

	/*
	 *  E5 Section 15.7.2.1 requires that the constructed object
	 *  must have the original Number.prototype as its internal
	 *  prototype.  However, since Number.prototype is non-writable
	 *  and non-configurable, this doesn't have to be enforced here:
	 *  The default object (bound to 'this') is OK, though we have
	 *  to change its class.
	 *
	 *  Internal value set to ToNumber(arg) or +0; if no arg given,
	 *  ToNumber(undefined) = NaN, so special treatment is needed
	 *  (above).  String internal value is immutable.
	 */

	/* XXX: helper */
	duk_push_this(ctx);
	h_this = duk_get_hobject(ctx, -1);
	DUK_ASSERT(h_this != NULL);
	DUK_HOBJECT_SET_CLASS_NUMBER(h_this, DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_NUMBER);

	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_GET_PROTOTYPE(thr->heap, h_this) == thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_NUMBER_PROTOTYPE]);
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_GET_CLASS_NUMBER(h_this) == DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_NUMBER);
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXTENSIBLE(h_this));

	duk_dup(ctx, 0);  /* -> [ val obj val ] */
	duk_xdef_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_INT_VALUE, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_NONE);
	return 0;  /* no return value -> don't replace created value */
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_number_prototype_value_of(duk_context *ctx) {
	(void) duk__push_this_number_plain(ctx);
	return 1;
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_number_prototype_to_string(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_small_int_t radix;
	duk_small_uint_t n2s_flags;

	(void) duk__push_this_number_plain(ctx);
	if (duk_is_undefined(ctx, 0)) {
		radix = 10;
	} else {
		radix = (duk_small_int_t) duk_to_int_check_range(ctx, 0, 2, 36);
	}
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("radix=%ld", (long) radix));

	n2s_flags = 0;

	duk_numconv_stringify(ctx,
	                      radix /*radix*/,
	                      0 /*digits*/,
	                      n2s_flags /*flags*/);
	return 1;
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_number_prototype_to_locale_string(duk_context *ctx) {
	/* XXX: just use toString() for now; permitted although not recommended.
	 * nargs==1, so radix is passed to toString().
	 */
	return duk_bi_number_prototype_to_string(ctx);
}

/*
 *  toFixed(), toExponential(), toPrecision()
 */

/* XXX: shared helper for toFixed(), toExponential(), toPrecision()? */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_number_prototype_to_fixed(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_small_int_t frac_digits;
	duk_double_t d;
	duk_small_int_t c;
	duk_small_uint_t n2s_flags;

	frac_digits = (duk_small_int_t) duk_to_int_check_range(ctx, 0, 0, 20);
	d = duk__push_this_number_plain(ctx);

	c = (duk_small_int_t) DUK_FPCLASSIFY(d);
	if (c == DUK_FP_NAN || c == DUK_FP_INFINITE) {
		goto use_to_string;
	}

	if (d >= 1.0e21 || d <= -1.0e21) {
		goto use_to_string;
	}

	n2s_flags = DUK_N2S_FLAG_FIXED_FORMAT |
	            DUK_N2S_FLAG_FRACTION_DIGITS;

	duk_numconv_stringify(ctx,
	                      10 /*radix*/,
	                      frac_digits /*digits*/,
	                      n2s_flags /*flags*/);
	return 1;

 use_to_string:
	DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, 2);
	duk_to_string(ctx, -1);
	return 1;
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_number_prototype_to_exponential(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_bool_t frac_undefined;
	duk_small_int_t frac_digits;
	duk_double_t d;
	duk_small_int_t c;
	duk_small_uint_t n2s_flags;

	d = duk__push_this_number_plain(ctx);

	frac_undefined = duk_is_undefined(ctx, 0);
	duk_to_int(ctx, 0);  /* for side effects */

	c = (duk_small_int_t) DUK_FPCLASSIFY(d);
	if (c == DUK_FP_NAN || c == DUK_FP_INFINITE) {
		goto use_to_string;
	}

	frac_digits = (duk_small_int_t) duk_to_int_check_range(ctx, 0, 0, 20);

	n2s_flags = DUK_N2S_FLAG_FORCE_EXP |
	           (frac_undefined ? 0 : DUK_N2S_FLAG_FIXED_FORMAT);

	duk_numconv_stringify(ctx,
	                      10 /*radix*/,
	                      frac_digits + 1 /*leading digit + fractions*/,
	                      n2s_flags /*flags*/);
	return 1;

 use_to_string:
	DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, 2);
	duk_to_string(ctx, -1);
	return 1;
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_number_prototype_to_precision(duk_context *ctx) {
	/* The specification has quite awkward order of coercion and
	 * checks for toPrecision().  The operations below are a bit
	 * reordered, within constraints of observable side effects.
	 */

	duk_double_t d;
	duk_small_int_t prec;
	duk_small_int_t c;
	duk_small_uint_t n2s_flags;

	DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, 1);

	d = duk__push_this_number_plain(ctx);
	if (duk_is_undefined(ctx, 0)) {
		goto use_to_string;
	}
	DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, 2);

	duk_to_int(ctx, 0);  /* for side effects */

	c = (duk_small_int_t) DUK_FPCLASSIFY(d);
	if (c == DUK_FP_NAN || c == DUK_FP_INFINITE) {
		goto use_to_string;
	}

	prec = (duk_small_int_t) duk_to_int_check_range(ctx, 0, 1, 21);

	n2s_flags = DUK_N2S_FLAG_FIXED_FORMAT |
	            DUK_N2S_FLAG_NO_ZERO_PAD;

	duk_numconv_stringify(ctx,
	                      10 /*radix*/,
	                      prec /*digits*/,
	                      n2s_flags /*flags*/);
	return 1;

 use_to_string:
	/* Used when precision is undefined; also used for NaN (-> "NaN"),
	 * and +/- infinity (-> "Infinity", "-Infinity").
	 */

	DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, 2);
	duk_to_string(ctx, -1);
	return 1;
}
/*
 *  Object built-ins
 */

/* include removed: duk_internal.h */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_object_constructor(duk_context *ctx) {
	if (!duk_is_constructor_call(ctx) &&
	    !duk_is_null_or_undefined(ctx, 0)) {
		duk_to_object(ctx, 0);
		return 1;
	}

	if (duk_is_object(ctx, 0)) {
		return 1;
	}

	/* Pointer and buffer primitive values are treated like other
	 * primitives values which have a fully fledged object counterpart:
	 * promote to an object value.  Lightfuncs are coerced with
	 * ToObject() even they could also be returned as is.
	 */
	if (duk_check_type_mask(ctx, 0, DUK_TYPE_MASK_STRING |
	                                DUK_TYPE_MASK_BOOLEAN |
	                                DUK_TYPE_MASK_NUMBER |
	                                DUK_TYPE_MASK_POINTER |
	                                DUK_TYPE_MASK_BUFFER |
	                                DUK_TYPE_MASK_LIGHTFUNC)) {
		duk_to_object(ctx, 0);
		return 1;
	}

	duk_push_object_helper(ctx,
	                       DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXTENSIBLE |
	                       DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_AS_FLAGS(DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_OBJECT),
	                       DUK_BIDX_OBJECT_PROTOTYPE);
	return 1;
}

/* Shared helper to implement Object.getPrototypeOf and the ES6
 * Object.prototype.__proto__ getter.
 *
 * http://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/index.html#sec-get-object.prototype.__proto__
 */
DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_object_getprototype_shared(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_hobject *h;
	duk_hobject *proto;

	DUK_UNREF(thr);

	/* magic: 0=getter call, 1=Object.getPrototypeOf */
	if (duk_get_current_magic(ctx) == 0) {
		duk_push_this_coercible_to_object(ctx);
		duk_insert(ctx, 0);
	}

	h = duk_require_hobject_or_lfunc(ctx, 0);
	/* h is NULL for lightfunc */

	/* XXX: should the API call handle this directly, i.e. attempt
	 * to duk_push_hobject(ctx, null) would push a null instead?
	 * (On the other hand 'undefined' would be just as logical, but
	 * not wanted here.)
	 */

	if (h == NULL) {
		duk_push_hobject_bidx(ctx, DUK_BIDX_FUNCTION_PROTOTYPE);
	} else {
		proto = DUK_HOBJECT_GET_PROTOTYPE(thr->heap, h);
		if (proto) {
			duk_push_hobject(ctx, proto);
		} else {
			duk_push_null(ctx);
		}
	}
	return 1;
}

/* Shared helper to implement ES6 Object.setPrototypeOf and
 * Object.prototype.__proto__ setter.
 *
 * http://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/index.html#sec-get-object.prototype.__proto__
 * http://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/index.html#sec-object.setprototypeof
 */
DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_object_setprototype_shared(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_hobject *h_obj;
	duk_hobject *h_new_proto;
	duk_hobject *h_curr;
	duk_ret_t ret_success = 1;  /* retval for success path */

	/* Preliminaries for __proto__ and setPrototypeOf (E6 19.1.2.18 steps 1-4);
	 * magic: 0=setter call, 1=Object.setPrototypeOf
	 */
	if (duk_get_current_magic(ctx) == 0) {
		duk_push_this_check_object_coercible(ctx);
		duk_insert(ctx, 0);
		if (!duk_check_type_mask(ctx, 1, DUK_TYPE_MASK_NULL | DUK_TYPE_MASK_OBJECT)) {
			return 0;
		}

		/* __proto__ setter returns 'undefined' on success unlike the
		 * setPrototypeOf() call which returns the target object.
		 */
		ret_success = 0;
	} else {
		duk_require_object_coercible(ctx, 0);
		duk_require_type_mask(ctx, 1, DUK_TYPE_MASK_NULL | DUK_TYPE_MASK_OBJECT);
	}

	h_new_proto = duk_get_hobject(ctx, 1);
	/* h_new_proto may be NULL */
	if (duk_is_lightfunc(ctx, 0)) {
		if (h_new_proto == thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_FUNCTION_PROTOTYPE]) {
			goto skip;
		}
		goto fail_nonextensible;
	}
	h_obj = duk_get_hobject(ctx, 0);
	if (!h_obj) {
		goto skip;
	}
	DUK_ASSERT(h_obj != NULL);

	/* [[SetPrototypeOf]] standard behavior, E6 9.1.2 */
	/* TODO: implement Proxy object support here */

	if (h_new_proto == DUK_HOBJECT_GET_PROTOTYPE(thr->heap, h_obj)) {
		goto skip;
	}
	if (!DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXTENSIBLE(h_obj)) {
		goto fail_nonextensible;
	}
	for (h_curr = h_new_proto; h_curr != NULL; h_curr = DUK_HOBJECT_GET_PROTOTYPE(thr->heap, h_curr)) {
		/* Loop prevention */
		if (h_curr == h_obj) {
			goto fail_loop;
		}
	}
	DUK_HOBJECT_SET_PROTOTYPE_UPDREF(thr, h_obj, h_new_proto);
	/* fall thru */

 skip:
	duk_set_top(ctx, 1);
	return ret_success;

 fail_nonextensible:
 fail_loop:
	return DUK_RET_TYPE_ERROR;
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_object_constructor_get_own_property_descriptor(duk_context *ctx) {
	/* XXX: no need for indirect call */
	return duk_hobject_object_get_own_property_descriptor(ctx);
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_object_constructor_create(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_tval *tv;
	duk_hobject *proto = NULL;

	DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, 2);

	tv = duk_get_tval(ctx, 0);
	DUK_ASSERT(tv != NULL);
	if (DUK_TVAL_IS_NULL(tv)) {
		;
	} else if (DUK_TVAL_IS_OBJECT(tv)) {
		proto = DUK_TVAL_GET_OBJECT(tv);
		DUK_ASSERT(proto != NULL);
	} else {
		return DUK_RET_TYPE_ERROR;
	}

	(void) duk_push_object_helper_proto(ctx,
	                                    DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXTENSIBLE |
	                                    DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_AS_FLAGS(DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_OBJECT),
	                                    proto);

	if (!duk_is_undefined(ctx, 1)) {
		/* [ O Properties obj ] */

		duk_replace(ctx, 0);

		/* [ obj Properties ] */

		/* Just call the "original" Object.defineProperties() to
		 * finish up.
		 */

		return duk_bi_object_constructor_define_properties(ctx);
	}

	/* [ O Properties obj ] */

	return 1;
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_object_constructor_define_property(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hobject *obj;
	duk_hstring *key;
	duk_hobject *get;
	duk_hobject *set;
	duk_idx_t idx_value;
	duk_uint_t defprop_flags;

	DUK_ASSERT(ctx != NULL);

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("Object.defineProperty(): ctx=%p obj=%!T key=%!T desc=%!T",
	                     (void *) ctx,
	                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, 0),
	                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, 1),
	                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, 2)));

	/* [ obj key desc ] */

	/* Lightfuncs are currently supported by coercing to a temporary
	 * Function object; changes will be allowed (the coerced value is
	 * extensible) but will be lost.
	 */
	obj = duk_require_hobject_or_lfunc_coerce(ctx, 0);
	(void) duk_to_string(ctx, 1);
	key = duk_require_hstring(ctx, 1);
	(void) duk_require_hobject(ctx, 2);

	DUK_ASSERT(obj != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(key != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(duk_get_hobject(ctx, 2) != NULL);

	/*
	 *  Validate and convert argument property descriptor (an Ecmascript
	 *  object) into a set of defprop_flags and possibly property value,
	 *  getter, and/or setter values on the value stack.
	 *
	 *  Lightfunc set/get values are coerced to full Functions.
	 */

	duk_hobject_prepare_property_descriptor(ctx,
	                                        2 /*idx_desc*/,
	                                        &defprop_flags,
	                                        &idx_value,
	                                        &get,
	                                        &set);

	/*
	 *  Use Object.defineProperty() helper for the actual operation.
	 */

	duk_hobject_define_property_helper(ctx,
	                                   defprop_flags,
	                                   obj,
	                                   key,
	                                   idx_value,
	                                   get,
	                                   set);

	/* Ignore the normalize/validate helper outputs on the value stack,
	 * they're popped automatically.
	 */

	/*
	 *  Return target object.
	 */

	duk_push_hobject(ctx, obj);
	return 1;
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_object_constructor_define_properties(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_small_uint_t pass;
	duk_uint_t defprop_flags;
	duk_hobject *obj;
	duk_idx_t idx_value;
	duk_hobject *get;
	duk_hobject *set;

	/* Lightfunc handling by ToObject() coercion. */
	obj = duk_require_hobject_or_lfunc_coerce(ctx, 0);  /* target */
	DUK_ASSERT(obj != NULL);

	duk_to_object(ctx, 1);        /* properties object */

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("target=%!iT, properties=%!iT",
	                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, 0),
	                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, 1)));

	/*
	 *  Two pass approach to processing the property descriptors.
	 *  On first pass validate and normalize all descriptors before
	 *  any changes are made to the target object.  On second pass
	 *  make the actual modifications to the target object.
	 *
	 *  Right now we'll just use the same normalize/validate helper
	 *  on both passes, ignoring its outputs on the first pass.
	 */

	for (pass = 0; pass < 2; pass++) {
		duk_set_top(ctx, 2);  /* -> [ hobject props ] */
		duk_enum(ctx, 1, DUK_ENUM_OWN_PROPERTIES_ONLY /*enum_flags*/);

		for (;;) {
			duk_hstring *key;

			/* [ hobject props enum(props) ] */

			duk_set_top(ctx, 3);

			if (!duk_next(ctx, 2, 1 /*get_value*/)) {
				break;
			}

			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("-> key=%!iT, desc=%!iT",
			                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -2),
			                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));

			/* [ hobject props enum(props) key desc ] */

			duk_hobject_prepare_property_descriptor(ctx,
			                                        4 /*idx_desc*/,
			                                        &defprop_flags,
			                                        &idx_value,
			                                        &get,
			                                        &set);

			/* [ hobject props enum(props) key desc value? getter? setter? ] */

			if (pass == 0) {
				continue;
			}

			key = duk_get_hstring(ctx, 3);
			DUK_ASSERT(key != NULL);

			duk_hobject_define_property_helper(ctx,
			                                   defprop_flags,
			                                   obj,
			                                   key,
			                                   idx_value,
			                                   get,
			                                   set);
		}
	}

	/*
	 *  Return target object
	 */

	duk_dup(ctx, 0);
	return 1;
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_object_constructor_seal_freeze_shared(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_hobject *h;
	duk_bool_t is_freeze;

	h = duk_require_hobject_or_lfunc(ctx, 0);
	if (!h) {
		/* Lightfunc, always success. */
		return 1;
	}

	is_freeze = (duk_bool_t) duk_get_current_magic(ctx);
	duk_hobject_object_seal_freeze_helper(thr, h, is_freeze);

	/* Sealed and frozen objects cannot gain any more properties,
	 * so this is a good time to compact them.
	 */
	duk_hobject_compact_props(thr, h);

	return 1;
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_object_constructor_prevent_extensions(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_hobject *h;

	h = duk_require_hobject_or_lfunc(ctx, 0);
	if (!h) {
		/* Lightfunc, always success. */
		return 1;
	}
	DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);

	DUK_HOBJECT_CLEAR_EXTENSIBLE(h);

	/* A non-extensible object cannot gain any more properties,
	 * so this is a good time to compact.
	 */
	duk_hobject_compact_props(thr, h);

	return 1;
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_object_constructor_is_sealed_frozen_shared(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hobject *h;
	duk_bool_t is_frozen;
	duk_bool_t rc;

	h = duk_require_hobject_or_lfunc(ctx, 0);
	if (!h) {
		duk_push_true(ctx);  /* frozen and sealed */
	} else {
		is_frozen = duk_get_current_magic(ctx);
		rc = duk_hobject_object_is_sealed_frozen_helper((duk_hthread *) ctx, h, is_frozen /*is_frozen*/);
		duk_push_boolean(ctx, rc);
	}
	return 1;
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_object_constructor_is_extensible(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hobject *h;

	h = duk_require_hobject_or_lfunc(ctx, 0);
	if (!h) {
		duk_push_false(ctx);
	} else {
		duk_push_boolean(ctx, DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXTENSIBLE(h));
	}
	return 1;
}

/* Shared helper for Object.getOwnPropertyNames() and Object.keys().
 * Magic: 0=getOwnPropertyNames, 1=Object.keys.
 */
DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_object_constructor_keys_shared(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_hobject *obj;
#if defined(DUK_USE_ES6_PROXY)
	duk_hobject *h_proxy_target;
	duk_hobject *h_proxy_handler;
	duk_hobject *h_trap_result;
	duk_uarridx_t i, len, idx;
#endif
	duk_small_uint_t enum_flags;

	DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, 1);
	DUK_UNREF(thr);

	obj = duk_require_hobject_or_lfunc_coerce(ctx, 0);
	DUK_ASSERT(obj != NULL);
	DUK_UNREF(obj);

#if defined(DUK_USE_ES6_PROXY)
	if (DUK_LIKELY(!duk_hobject_proxy_check(thr,
	                                        obj,
	                                        &h_proxy_target,
	                                        &h_proxy_handler))) {
		goto skip_proxy;
	}

	duk_push_hobject(ctx, h_proxy_handler);
	if (!duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, -1, DUK_STRIDX_OWN_KEYS)) {
		/* Careful with reachability here: don't pop 'obj' before pushing
		 * proxy target.
		 */
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("no ownKeys trap, get keys of target instead"));
		duk_pop_2(ctx);
		duk_push_hobject(ctx, h_proxy_target);
		duk_replace(ctx, 0);
		DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, 1);
		goto skip_proxy;
	}

	/* [ obj handler trap ] */
	duk_insert(ctx, -2);
	duk_push_hobject(ctx, h_proxy_target);  /* -> [ obj trap handler target ] */
	duk_call_method(ctx, 1 /*nargs*/);      /* -> [ obj trap_result ] */
	h_trap_result = duk_require_hobject(ctx, -1);
	DUK_UNREF(h_trap_result);

	len = (duk_uarridx_t) duk_get_length(ctx, -1);
	idx = 0;
	duk_push_array(ctx);
	for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
		/* [ obj trap_result res_arr ] */
		if (duk_get_prop_index(ctx, -2, i) && duk_is_string(ctx, -1)) {
			/* XXX: for Object.keys() we should check enumerability of key */
			/* [ obj trap_result res_arr propname ] */
			duk_put_prop_index(ctx, -2, idx);
			idx++;
		} else {
			duk_pop(ctx);
		}
	}

	/* XXX: missing trap result validation for non-configurable target keys
	 * (must be present), for non-extensible target all target keys must be
	 * present and no extra keys can be present.
	 * http://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-proxy-object-internal-methods-and-internal-slots-ownpropertykeys
	 */

	/* XXX: for Object.keys() the [[OwnPropertyKeys]] result (trap result)
	 * should be filtered so that only enumerable keys remain.  Enumerability
	 * should be checked with [[GetOwnProperty]] on the original object
	 * (i.e., the proxy in this case).  If the proxy has a getOwnPropertyDescriptor
	 * trap, it should be triggered for every property.  If the proxy doesn't have
	 * the trap, enumerability should be checked against the target object instead.
	 * We don't do any of this now, so Object.keys() and Object.getOwnPropertyNames()
	 * return the same result now for proxy traps.  We still do clean up the trap
	 * result, so that Object.keys() and Object.getOwnPropertyNames() will return a
	 * clean array of strings without gaps.
	 */
	return 1;

 skip_proxy:
#endif  /* DUK_USE_ES6_PROXY */

	DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, 1);

	if (duk_get_current_magic(ctx)) {
		/* Object.keys */
		enum_flags = DUK_ENUM_OWN_PROPERTIES_ONLY |
		             DUK_ENUM_NO_PROXY_BEHAVIOR;
	} else {
		/* Object.getOwnPropertyNames */
		enum_flags = DUK_ENUM_INCLUDE_NONENUMERABLE |
		             DUK_ENUM_OWN_PROPERTIES_ONLY |
		             DUK_ENUM_NO_PROXY_BEHAVIOR;
	}

	return duk_hobject_get_enumerated_keys(ctx, enum_flags);
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_object_prototype_to_string(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_push_this(ctx);
	duk_to_object_class_string_top(ctx);
	return 1;
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_object_prototype_to_locale_string(duk_context *ctx) {
	DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, 0);
	(void) duk_push_this_coercible_to_object(ctx);
	duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, 0, DUK_STRIDX_TO_STRING);
	if (!duk_is_callable(ctx, 1)) {
		return DUK_RET_TYPE_ERROR;
	}
	duk_dup(ctx, 0);  /* -> [ O toString O ] */
	duk_call_method(ctx, 0);  /* XXX: call method tail call? */
	return 1;
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_object_prototype_value_of(duk_context *ctx) {
	(void) duk_push_this_coercible_to_object(ctx);
	return 1;
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_object_prototype_is_prototype_of(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_hobject *h_v;
	duk_hobject *h_obj;

	DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, 1);

	h_v = duk_get_hobject(ctx, 0);
	if (!h_v) {
		duk_push_false(ctx);  /* XXX: tail call: return duk_push_false(ctx) */
		return 1;
	}

	h_obj = duk_push_this_coercible_to_object(ctx);
	DUK_ASSERT(h_obj != NULL);

	/* E5.1 Section 15.2.4.6, step 3.a, lookup proto once before compare.
	 * Prototype loops should cause an error to be thrown.
	 */
	duk_push_boolean(ctx, duk_hobject_prototype_chain_contains(thr, DUK_HOBJECT_GET_PROTOTYPE(thr->heap, h_v), h_obj, 0 /*ignore_loop*/));
	return 1;
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_object_prototype_has_own_property(duk_context *ctx) {
	return duk_hobject_object_ownprop_helper(ctx, 0 /*required_desc_flags*/);
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_object_prototype_property_is_enumerable(duk_context *ctx) {
	return duk_hobject_object_ownprop_helper(ctx, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_ENUMERABLE /*required_desc_flags*/);
}
/*
 *  Pointer built-ins
 */

/* include removed: duk_internal.h */

/*
 *  Constructor
 */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_pointer_constructor(duk_context *ctx) {
	/* XXX: this behavior is quite useless now; it would be nice to be able
	 * to create pointer values from e.g. numbers or strings.  Numbers are
	 * problematic on 64-bit platforms though.  Hex encoded strings?
	 */
	if (duk_get_top(ctx) == 0) {
		duk_push_pointer(ctx, NULL);
	} else {
		duk_to_pointer(ctx, 0);
	}
	DUK_ASSERT(duk_is_pointer(ctx, 0));
	duk_set_top(ctx, 1);

	if (duk_is_constructor_call(ctx)) {
		duk_push_object_helper(ctx,
		                       DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXTENSIBLE |
		                       DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_AS_FLAGS(DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_POINTER),
		                       DUK_BIDX_POINTER_PROTOTYPE);

		/* Pointer object internal value is immutable */
		duk_dup(ctx, 0);
		duk_xdef_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_INT_VALUE, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_NONE);
	}
	/* Note: unbalanced stack on purpose */

	return 1;
}

/*
 *  toString(), valueOf()
 */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_pointer_prototype_tostring_shared(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_tval *tv;
	duk_small_int_t to_string = duk_get_current_magic(ctx);

	duk_push_this(ctx);
	tv = duk_require_tval(ctx, -1);
	DUK_ASSERT(tv != NULL);

	if (DUK_TVAL_IS_POINTER(tv)) {
		/* nop */
	} else if (DUK_TVAL_IS_OBJECT(tv)) {
		duk_hobject *h = DUK_TVAL_GET_OBJECT(tv);
		DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);

		/* Must be a "pointer object", i.e. class "Pointer" */
		if (DUK_HOBJECT_GET_CLASS_NUMBER(h) != DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_POINTER) {
			goto type_error;
		}

		duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, -1, DUK_STRIDX_INT_VALUE);
	} else {
		goto type_error;
	}

	if (to_string) {
		duk_to_string(ctx, -1);
	}
	return 1;

 type_error:
	return DUK_RET_TYPE_ERROR;
}
/*
 *  Proxy built-in (ES6)
 */

/* include removed: duk_internal.h */

#if defined(DUK_USE_ES6_PROXY)
DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_proxy_constructor(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hobject *h_target;
	duk_hobject *h_handler;

	if (!duk_is_constructor_call(ctx)) {
		return DUK_RET_TYPE_ERROR;
	}

	/* Reject a proxy object as the target because it would need
	 * special handler in property lookups.  (ES6 has no such restriction)
	 */
	h_target = duk_require_hobject_or_lfunc_coerce(ctx, 0);
	DUK_ASSERT(h_target != NULL);
	if (DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_PROXYOBJ(h_target)) {
		return DUK_RET_TYPE_ERROR;
	}

	/* Reject a proxy object as the handler because it would cause
	 * potentially unbounded recursion.  (ES6 has no such restriction)
	 */
	h_handler = duk_require_hobject_or_lfunc_coerce(ctx, 1);
	DUK_ASSERT(h_handler != NULL);
	if (DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_PROXYOBJ(h_handler)) {
		return DUK_RET_TYPE_ERROR;
	}

	/* XXX: the returned value is exotic in ES6, but we use a
	 * simple object here with no prototype.  Without a prototype,
	 * [[DefaultValue]] coercion fails which is abit confusing.
	 * No callable check/handling in the current Proxy subset.
	 */
	(void) duk_push_object_helper_proto(ctx,
	                                    DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXTENSIBLE |
	                                    DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXOTIC_PROXYOBJ |
	                                    DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_AS_FLAGS(DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_OBJECT),
	                                    NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, 3);

	/* Make _Target and _Handler non-configurable and non-writable.
	 * They can still be forcibly changed by C code (both user and
	 * Duktape internal), but not by Ecmascript code.
	 */

	/* Proxy target */
	duk_dup(ctx, 0);
	duk_xdef_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_INT_TARGET, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_NONE);

	/* Proxy handler */
	duk_dup(ctx, 1);
	duk_xdef_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_INT_HANDLER, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_NONE);

	return 1;  /* replacement handler */
}
#else  /* DUK_USE_ES6_PROXY */
DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_proxy_constructor(duk_context *ctx) {
	DUK_UNREF(ctx);
	return DUK_RET_UNSUPPORTED_ERROR;
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_ES6_PROXY */
/*
 *  RegExp built-ins
 */

/* include removed: duk_internal.h */

#ifdef DUK_USE_REGEXP_SUPPORT

DUK_LOCAL void duk__get_this_regexp(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hobject *h;

	duk_push_this(ctx);
	h = duk_require_hobject_with_class(ctx, -1, DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_REGEXP);
	DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);
	DUK_UNREF(h);
	duk_insert(ctx, 0);  /* prepend regexp to valstack 0 index */
}

/* XXX: much to improve (code size) */
DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_regexp_constructor(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_hobject *h_pattern;

	DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, 2);
	h_pattern = duk_get_hobject(ctx, 0);

	if (!duk_is_constructor_call(ctx) &&
	    h_pattern != NULL &&
	    DUK_HOBJECT_GET_CLASS_NUMBER(h_pattern) == DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_REGEXP &&
	    duk_is_undefined(ctx, 1)) {
		/* Called as a function, pattern has [[Class]] "RegExp" and
		 * flags is undefined -> return object as is.
		 */
		duk_dup(ctx, 0);
		return 1;
	}

	/* Else functionality is identical for function call and constructor
	 * call.
	 */

	if (h_pattern != NULL &&
	    DUK_HOBJECT_GET_CLASS_NUMBER(h_pattern) == DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_REGEXP) {
		if (duk_is_undefined(ctx, 1)) {
			duk_bool_t flag_g, flag_i, flag_m;
			duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, 0, DUK_STRIDX_SOURCE);
			flag_g = duk_get_prop_stridx_boolean(ctx, 0, DUK_STRIDX_GLOBAL, NULL);
			flag_i = duk_get_prop_stridx_boolean(ctx, 0, DUK_STRIDX_IGNORE_CASE, NULL);
			flag_m = duk_get_prop_stridx_boolean(ctx, 0, DUK_STRIDX_MULTILINE, NULL);

			duk_push_sprintf(ctx, "%s%s%s",
			                 (const char *) (flag_g ? "g" : ""),
			                 (const char *) (flag_i ? "i" : ""),
			                 (const char *) (flag_m ? "m" : ""));

			/* [ ... pattern flags ] */
		} else {
			return DUK_RET_TYPE_ERROR;
		}
	} else {
		if (duk_is_undefined(ctx, 0)) {
			duk_push_string(ctx, "");
		} else {
			duk_dup(ctx, 0);
			duk_to_string(ctx, -1);
		}
		if (duk_is_undefined(ctx, 1)) {
			duk_push_string(ctx, "");
		} else {
			duk_dup(ctx, 1);
			duk_to_string(ctx, -1);
		}

		/* [ ... pattern flags ] */
	}

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("RegExp constructor/function call, pattern=%!T, flags=%!T",
	                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -2), (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));

	/* [ ... pattern flags ] */

	duk_regexp_compile(thr);

	/* [ ... bytecode escaped_source ] */

	duk_regexp_create_instance(thr);

	/* [ ... RegExp ] */

	return 1;
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_regexp_prototype_exec(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk__get_this_regexp(ctx);

	/* [ regexp input ] */

	duk_regexp_match((duk_hthread *) ctx);

	/* [ result ] */

	return 1;
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_regexp_prototype_test(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk__get_this_regexp(ctx);

	/* [ regexp input ] */

	/* result object is created and discarded; wasteful but saves code space */
	duk_regexp_match((duk_hthread *) ctx);

	/* [ result ] */

	duk_push_boolean(ctx, (duk_is_null(ctx, -1) ? 0 : 1));

	return 1;
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_regexp_prototype_to_string(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hstring *h_bc;
	duk_small_int_t re_flags;

#if 0
	/* A little tricky string approach to provide the flags string.
	 * This depends on the specific flag values in duk_regexp.h,
	 * which needs to be asserted for.  In practice this doesn't
	 * produce more compact code than the easier approach in use.
	 */

	const char *flag_strings = "gim\0gi\0gm\0g\0";
	duk_uint8_t flag_offsets[8] = {
		(duk_uint8_t) 3,   /* flags: ""    */
		(duk_uint8_t) 10,  /* flags: "g"   */
		(duk_uint8_t) 5,   /* flags: "i"   */
		(duk_uint8_t) 4,   /* flags: "gi"  */
		(duk_uint8_t) 2,   /* flags: "m"   */
		(duk_uint8_t) 7,   /* flags: "gm"  */
		(duk_uint8_t) 1,   /* flags: "im"  */
		(duk_uint8_t) 0,   /* flags: "gim" */
	};
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_RE_FLAG_GLOBAL == 1);
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_RE_FLAG_IGNORE_CASE == 2);
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_RE_FLAG_MULTILINE == 4);
#endif

	duk__get_this_regexp(ctx);

	/* [ regexp ] */

	duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, 0, DUK_STRIDX_SOURCE);
	duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, 0, DUK_STRIDX_INT_BYTECODE);
	h_bc = duk_get_hstring(ctx, -1);
	DUK_ASSERT(h_bc != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HSTRING_GET_BYTELEN(h_bc) >= 1);
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HSTRING_GET_CHARLEN(h_bc) >= 1);
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HSTRING_GET_DATA(h_bc)[0] < 0x80);
	re_flags = (duk_small_int_t) DUK_HSTRING_GET_DATA(h_bc)[0];

	/* [ regexp source bytecode ] */

#if 1
	/* This is a cleaner approach and also produces smaller code than
	 * the other alternative.  Use duk_require_string() for format
	 * safety (although the source property should always exist).
	 */
	duk_push_sprintf(ctx, "/%s/%s%s%s",
	                 (const char *) duk_require_string(ctx, -2),  /* require to be safe */
	                 (re_flags & DUK_RE_FLAG_GLOBAL) ? "g" : "",
	                 (re_flags & DUK_RE_FLAG_IGNORE_CASE) ? "i" : "",
	                 (re_flags & DUK_RE_FLAG_MULTILINE) ? "m" : "");
#else
	/* This should not be necessary because no-one should tamper with the
	 * regexp bytecode, but is prudent to avoid potential segfaults if that
	 * were to happen for some reason.
	 */
	re_flags &= 0x07;
	DUK_ASSERT(re_flags >= 0 && re_flags <= 7);  /* three flags */
	duk_push_sprintf(ctx, "/%s/%s",
	                 (const char *) duk_require_string(ctx, -2),
	                 (const char *) (flag_strings + flag_offsets[re_flags]));
#endif

	return 1;
}

#else  /* DUK_USE_REGEXP_SUPPORT */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_regexp_constructor(duk_context *ctx) {
	DUK_UNREF(ctx);
	return DUK_RET_UNSUPPORTED_ERROR;
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_regexp_prototype_exec(duk_context *ctx) {
	DUK_UNREF(ctx);
	return DUK_RET_UNSUPPORTED_ERROR;
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_regexp_prototype_test(duk_context *ctx) {
	DUK_UNREF(ctx);
	return DUK_RET_UNSUPPORTED_ERROR;
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_regexp_prototype_to_string(duk_context *ctx) {
	DUK_UNREF(ctx);
	return DUK_RET_UNSUPPORTED_ERROR;
}

#endif  /* DUK_USE_REGEXP_SUPPORT */
/*
 *  String built-ins
 */

/* XXX: There are several limitations in the current implementation for
 * strings with >= 0x80000000UL characters.  In some cases one would need
 * to be able to represent the range [-0xffffffff,0xffffffff] and so on.
 * Generally character and byte length are assumed to fit into signed 32
 * bits (< 0x80000000UL).  Places with issues are not marked explicitly
 * below in all cases, look for signed type usage (duk_int_t etc) for
 * offsets/lengths.
 */

/* include removed: duk_internal.h */

/*
 *  Constructor
 */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_string_constructor(duk_context *ctx) {
	/* String constructor needs to distinguish between an argument not given at all
	 * vs. given as 'undefined'.  We're a vararg function to handle this properly.
	 */

	if (duk_get_top(ctx) == 0) {
		duk_push_hstring_stridx(ctx, DUK_STRIDX_EMPTY_STRING);
	} else {
		duk_to_string(ctx, 0);
	}
	DUK_ASSERT(duk_is_string(ctx, 0));
	duk_set_top(ctx, 1);

	if (duk_is_constructor_call(ctx)) {
		duk_push_object_helper(ctx,
		                       DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXTENSIBLE |
		                       DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXOTIC_STRINGOBJ |
		                       DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_AS_FLAGS(DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_STRING),
		                       DUK_BIDX_STRING_PROTOTYPE);

		/* String object internal value is immutable */
		duk_dup(ctx, 0);
		duk_xdef_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_INT_VALUE, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_NONE);
	}
	/* Note: unbalanced stack on purpose */

	return 1;
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_string_constructor_from_char_code(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_bufwriter_ctx bw_alloc;
	duk_bufwriter_ctx *bw;
	duk_idx_t i, n;
	duk_ucodepoint_t cp;

	/* XXX: It would be nice to build the string directly but ToUint16()
	 * coercion is needed so a generic helper would not be very
	 * helpful (perhaps coerce the value stack first here and then
	 * build a string from a duk_tval number sequence in one go?).
	 */

	n = duk_get_top(ctx);

	bw = &bw_alloc;
	DUK_BW_INIT_PUSHBUF(thr, bw, n);  /* initial estimate for ASCII only codepoints */

	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		/* XXX: could improve bufwriter handling to write multiple codepoints
		 * with one ensure call but the relative benefit would be quite small.
		 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_NONSTD_STRING_FROMCHARCODE_32BIT)
		/* ToUint16() coercion is mandatory in the E5.1 specification, but
		 * this non-compliant behavior makes more sense because we support
		 * non-BMP codepoints.  Don't use CESU-8 because that'd create
		 * surrogate pairs.
		 */

		cp = (duk_ucodepoint_t) duk_to_uint32(ctx, i);
		DUK_BW_WRITE_ENSURE_XUTF8(thr, bw, cp);
#else
		cp = (duk_ucodepoint_t) duk_to_uint16(ctx, i);
		DUK_BW_WRITE_ENSURE_CESU8(thr, bw, cp);
#endif
	}

	DUK_BW_COMPACT(thr, bw);
	duk_to_string(ctx, -1);
	return 1;
}

/*
 *  toString(), valueOf()
 */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_string_prototype_to_string(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_tval *tv;

	duk_push_this(ctx);
	tv = duk_require_tval(ctx, -1);
	DUK_ASSERT(tv != NULL);

	if (DUK_TVAL_IS_STRING(tv)) {
		/* return as is */
		return 1;
	} else if (DUK_TVAL_IS_OBJECT(tv)) {
		duk_hobject *h = DUK_TVAL_GET_OBJECT(tv);
		DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);

		/* Must be a "string object", i.e. class "String" */
		if (DUK_HOBJECT_GET_CLASS_NUMBER(h) != DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_STRING) {
			goto type_error;
		}

		duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, -1, DUK_STRIDX_INT_VALUE);
		DUK_ASSERT(duk_is_string(ctx, -1));

		return 1;
	} else {
		goto type_error;
	}

	/* never here, but fall through */

 type_error:
	return DUK_RET_TYPE_ERROR;
}

/*
 *  Character and charcode access
 */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_string_prototype_char_at(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_int_t pos;

	/* XXX: faster implementation */

	(void) duk_push_this_coercible_to_string(ctx);
	pos = duk_to_int(ctx, 0);
	duk_substring(ctx, -1, pos, pos + 1);
	return 1;
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_string_prototype_char_code_at(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_int_t pos;
	duk_hstring *h;
	duk_bool_t clamped;

	/* XXX: faster implementation */

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("arg=%!T", (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, 0)));

	h = duk_push_this_coercible_to_string(ctx);
	DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);

	pos = duk_to_int_clamped_raw(ctx,
	                             0 /*index*/,
	                             0 /*min(incl)*/,
	                             DUK_HSTRING_GET_CHARLEN(h) - 1 /*max(incl)*/,
	                             &clamped /*out_clamped*/);
	if (clamped) {
		duk_push_number(ctx, DUK_DOUBLE_NAN);
		return 1;
	}

	duk_push_u32(ctx, (duk_uint32_t) duk_hstring_char_code_at_raw(thr, h, pos));
	return 1;
}

/*
 *  substring(), substr(), slice()
 */

/* XXX: any chance of merging these three similar but still slightly
 * different algorithms so that footprint would be reduced?
 */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_string_prototype_substring(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hstring *h;
	duk_int_t start_pos, end_pos;
	duk_int_t len;

	h = duk_push_this_coercible_to_string(ctx);
	DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);
	len = (duk_int_t) DUK_HSTRING_GET_CHARLEN(h);

	/* [ start end str ] */

	start_pos = duk_to_int_clamped(ctx, 0, 0, len);
	if (duk_is_undefined(ctx, 1)) {
		end_pos = len;
	} else {
		end_pos = duk_to_int_clamped(ctx, 1, 0, len);
	}
	DUK_ASSERT(start_pos >= 0 && start_pos <= len);
	DUK_ASSERT(end_pos >= 0 && end_pos <= len);

	if (start_pos > end_pos) {
		duk_int_t tmp = start_pos;
		start_pos = end_pos;
		end_pos = tmp;
	}

	DUK_ASSERT(end_pos >= start_pos);

	duk_substring(ctx, -1, (duk_size_t) start_pos, (duk_size_t) end_pos);
	return 1;
}

#ifdef DUK_USE_SECTION_B
DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_string_prototype_substr(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hstring *h;
	duk_int_t start_pos, end_pos;
	duk_int_t len;

	/* Unlike non-obsolete String calls, substr() algorithm in E5.1
	 * specification will happily coerce undefined and null to strings
	 * ("undefined" and "null").
	 */
	duk_push_this(ctx);
	h = duk_to_hstring(ctx, -1);
	DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);
	len = (duk_int_t) DUK_HSTRING_GET_CHARLEN(h);

	/* [ start length str ] */

	/* The implementation for computing of start_pos and end_pos differs
	 * from the standard algorithm, but is intended to result in the exactly
	 * same behavior.  This is not always obvious.
	 */

	/* combines steps 2 and 5; -len ensures max() not needed for step 5 */
	start_pos = duk_to_int_clamped(ctx, 0, -len, len);
	if (start_pos < 0) {
		start_pos = len + start_pos;
	}
	DUK_ASSERT(start_pos >= 0 && start_pos <= len);

	/* combines steps 3, 6; step 7 is not needed */
	if (duk_is_undefined(ctx, 1)) {
		end_pos = len;
	} else {
		DUK_ASSERT(start_pos <= len);
		end_pos = start_pos + duk_to_int_clamped(ctx, 1, 0, len - start_pos);
	}
	DUK_ASSERT(start_pos >= 0 && start_pos <= len);
	DUK_ASSERT(end_pos >= 0 && end_pos <= len);
	DUK_ASSERT(end_pos >= start_pos);

	duk_substring(ctx, -1, (duk_size_t) start_pos, (duk_size_t) end_pos);
	return 1;
}
#else  /* DUK_USE_SECTION_B */
DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_string_prototype_substr(duk_context *ctx) {
	DUK_UNREF(ctx);
	return DUK_RET_UNSUPPORTED_ERROR;
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_SECTION_B */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_string_prototype_slice(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hstring *h;
	duk_int_t start_pos, end_pos;
	duk_int_t len;

	h = duk_push_this_coercible_to_string(ctx);
	DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);
	len = (duk_int_t) DUK_HSTRING_GET_CHARLEN(h);

	/* [ start end str ] */

	start_pos = duk_to_int_clamped(ctx, 0, -len, len);
	if (start_pos < 0) {
		start_pos = len + start_pos;
	}
	if (duk_is_undefined(ctx, 1)) {
		end_pos = len;
	} else {
		end_pos = duk_to_int_clamped(ctx, 1, -len, len);
		if (end_pos < 0) {
			end_pos = len + end_pos;
		}
	}
	DUK_ASSERT(start_pos >= 0 && start_pos <= len);
	DUK_ASSERT(end_pos >= 0 && end_pos <= len);

	if (end_pos < start_pos) {
		end_pos = start_pos;
	}

	DUK_ASSERT(end_pos >= start_pos);

	duk_substring(ctx, -1, (duk_size_t) start_pos, (duk_size_t) end_pos);
	return 1;
}

/*
 *  Case conversion
 */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_string_prototype_caseconv_shared(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_small_int_t uppercase = duk_get_current_magic(ctx);

	(void) duk_push_this_coercible_to_string(ctx);
	duk_unicode_case_convert_string(thr, (duk_bool_t) uppercase);
	return 1;
}

/*
 *  indexOf() and lastIndexOf()
 */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_string_prototype_indexof_shared(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_hstring *h_this;
	duk_hstring *h_search;
	duk_int_t clen_this;
	duk_int_t cpos;
	duk_int_t bpos;
	const duk_uint8_t *p_start, *p_end, *p;
	const duk_uint8_t *q_start;
	duk_int_t q_blen;
	duk_uint8_t firstbyte;
	duk_uint8_t t;
	duk_small_int_t is_lastindexof = duk_get_current_magic(ctx);  /* 0=indexOf, 1=lastIndexOf */

	h_this = duk_push_this_coercible_to_string(ctx);
	DUK_ASSERT(h_this != NULL);
	clen_this = (duk_int_t) DUK_HSTRING_GET_CHARLEN(h_this);

	h_search = duk_to_hstring(ctx, 0);
	DUK_ASSERT(h_search != NULL);
	q_start = DUK_HSTRING_GET_DATA(h_search);
	q_blen = (duk_int_t) DUK_HSTRING_GET_BYTELEN(h_search);

	duk_to_number(ctx, 1);
	if (duk_is_nan(ctx, 1) && is_lastindexof) {
		/* indexOf: NaN should cause pos to be zero.
		 * lastIndexOf: NaN should cause pos to be +Infinity
		 * (and later be clamped to len).
		 */
		cpos = clen_this;
	} else {
		cpos = duk_to_int_clamped(ctx, 1, 0, clen_this);
	}

	/* Empty searchstring always matches; cpos must be clamped here.
	 * (If q_blen were < 0 due to clamped coercion, it would also be
	 * caught here.)
	 */
	if (q_blen <= 0) {
		duk_push_int(ctx, cpos);
		return 1;
	}
	DUK_ASSERT(q_blen > 0);

	bpos = (duk_int_t) duk_heap_strcache_offset_char2byte(thr, h_this, (duk_uint32_t) cpos);

	p_start = DUK_HSTRING_GET_DATA(h_this);
	p_end = p_start + DUK_HSTRING_GET_BYTELEN(h_this);
	p = p_start + bpos;

	/* This loop is optimized for size.  For speed, there should be
	 * two separate loops, and we should ensure that memcmp() can be
	 * used without an extra "will searchstring fit" check.  Doing
	 * the preconditioning for 'p' and 'p_end' is easy but cpos
	 * must be updated if 'p' is wound back (backward scanning).
	 */

	firstbyte = q_start[0];  /* leading byte of match string */
	while (p <= p_end && p >= p_start) {
		t = *p;

		/* For Ecmascript strings, this check can only match for
		 * initial UTF-8 bytes (not continuation bytes).  For other
		 * strings all bets are off.
		 */

		if ((t == firstbyte) && ((duk_size_t) (p_end - p) >= (duk_size_t) q_blen)) {
			DUK_ASSERT(q_blen > 0);  /* no issues with memcmp() zero size, even if broken */
			if (DUK_MEMCMP((const void *) p, (const void *) q_start, (size_t) q_blen) == 0) {
				duk_push_int(ctx, cpos);
				return 1;
			}
		}

		/* track cpos while scanning */
		if (is_lastindexof) {
			/* when going backwards, we decrement cpos 'early';
			 * 'p' may point to a continuation byte of the char
			 * at offset 'cpos', but that's OK because we'll
			 * backtrack all the way to the initial byte.
			 */
			if ((t & 0xc0) != 0x80) {
				cpos--;
			}
			p--;
		} else {
			if ((t & 0xc0) != 0x80) {
				cpos++;
			}
			p++;
		}
	}

	/* Not found.  Empty string case is handled specially above. */
	duk_push_int(ctx, -1);
	return 1;
}

/*
 *  replace()
 */

/* XXX: the current implementation works but is quite clunky; it compiles
 * to almost 1,4kB of x86 code so it needs to be simplified (better approach,
 * shared helpers, etc).  Some ideas for refactoring:
 *
 * - a primitive to convert a string into a regexp matcher (reduces matching
 *   code at the cost of making matching much slower)
 * - use replace() as a basic helper for match() and split(), which are both
 *   much simpler
 * - API call to get_prop and to_boolean
 */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_string_prototype_replace(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_hstring *h_input;
	duk_hstring *h_match;
	duk_hstring *h_search;
	duk_hobject *h_re;
	duk_bufwriter_ctx bw_alloc;
	duk_bufwriter_ctx *bw;
#ifdef DUK_USE_REGEXP_SUPPORT
	duk_bool_t is_regexp;
	duk_bool_t is_global;
#endif
	duk_bool_t is_repl_func;
	duk_uint32_t match_start_coff, match_start_boff;
#ifdef DUK_USE_REGEXP_SUPPORT
	duk_int_t match_caps;
#endif
	duk_uint32_t prev_match_end_boff;
	const duk_uint8_t *r_start, *r_end, *r;   /* repl string scan */
	duk_size_t tmp_sz;

	DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, 2);
	h_input = duk_push_this_coercible_to_string(ctx);
	DUK_ASSERT(h_input != NULL);

	bw = &bw_alloc;
	DUK_BW_INIT_PUSHBUF(thr, bw, DUK_HSTRING_GET_BYTELEN(h_input));  /* input size is good output starting point */

	DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, 4);

	/* stack[0] = search value
	 * stack[1] = replace value
	 * stack[2] = input string
	 * stack[3] = result buffer
	 */

	h_re = duk_get_hobject_with_class(ctx, 0, DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_REGEXP);
	if (h_re) {
#ifdef DUK_USE_REGEXP_SUPPORT
		is_regexp = 1;
		is_global = duk_get_prop_stridx_boolean(ctx, 0, DUK_STRIDX_GLOBAL, NULL);

		if (is_global) {
			/* start match from beginning */
			duk_push_int(ctx, 0);
			duk_put_prop_stridx(ctx, 0, DUK_STRIDX_LAST_INDEX);
		}
#else  /* DUK_USE_REGEXP_SUPPORT */
		return DUK_RET_UNSUPPORTED_ERROR;
#endif  /* DUK_USE_REGEXP_SUPPORT */
	} else {
		duk_to_string(ctx, 0);
#ifdef DUK_USE_REGEXP_SUPPORT
		is_regexp = 0;
		is_global = 0;
#endif
	}

	if (duk_is_function(ctx, 1)) {
		is_repl_func = 1;
		r_start = NULL;
		r_end = NULL;
	} else {
		duk_hstring *h_repl;

		is_repl_func = 0;
		h_repl = duk_to_hstring(ctx, 1);
		DUK_ASSERT(h_repl != NULL);
		r_start = DUK_HSTRING_GET_DATA(h_repl);
		r_end = r_start + DUK_HSTRING_GET_BYTELEN(h_repl);
	}

	prev_match_end_boff = 0;

	for (;;) {
		/*
		 *  If matching with a regexp:
		 *    - non-global RegExp: lastIndex not touched on a match, zeroed
		 *      on a non-match
		 *    - global RegExp: on match, lastIndex will be updated by regexp
		 *      executor to point to next char after the matching part (so that
		 *      characters in the matching part are not matched again)
		 *
		 *  If matching with a string:
		 *    - always non-global match, find first occurrence
		 *
		 *  We need:
		 *    - The character offset of start-of-match for the replacer function
		 *    - The byte offsets for start-of-match and end-of-match to implement
		 *      the replacement values $&, $`, and $', and to copy non-matching
		 *      input string portions (including header and trailer) verbatim.
		 *
		 *  NOTE: the E5.1 specification is a bit vague how the RegExp should
		 *  behave in the replacement process; e.g. is matching done first for
		 *  all matches (in the global RegExp case) before any replacer calls
		 *  are made?  See: test-bi-string-proto-replace.js for discussion.
		 */

		DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, 4);

#ifdef DUK_USE_REGEXP_SUPPORT
		if (is_regexp) {
			duk_dup(ctx, 0);
			duk_dup(ctx, 2);
			duk_regexp_match(thr);  /* [ ... regexp input ] -> [ res_obj ] */
			if (!duk_is_object(ctx, -1)) {
				duk_pop(ctx);
				break;
			}

			duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, -1, DUK_STRIDX_INDEX);
			DUK_ASSERT(duk_is_number(ctx, -1));
			match_start_coff = duk_get_int(ctx, -1);
			duk_pop(ctx);

			duk_get_prop_index(ctx, -1, 0);
			DUK_ASSERT(duk_is_string(ctx, -1));
			h_match = duk_get_hstring(ctx, -1);
			DUK_ASSERT(h_match != NULL);
			duk_pop(ctx);  /* h_match is borrowed, remains reachable through match_obj */

			if (DUK_HSTRING_GET_BYTELEN(h_match) == 0) {
				/* This should be equivalent to match() algorithm step 8.f.iii.2:
				 * detect an empty match and allow it, but don't allow it twice.
				 */
				duk_uint32_t last_index;

				duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, 0, DUK_STRIDX_LAST_INDEX);
				last_index = (duk_uint32_t) duk_get_uint(ctx, -1);
				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("empty match, bump lastIndex: %ld -> %ld",
				                     (long) last_index, (long) (last_index + 1)));
				duk_pop(ctx);
				duk_push_int(ctx, last_index + 1);
				duk_put_prop_stridx(ctx, 0, DUK_STRIDX_LAST_INDEX);
			}

			DUK_ASSERT(duk_get_length(ctx, -1) <= DUK_INT_MAX);  /* string limits */
			match_caps = (duk_int_t) duk_get_length(ctx, -1);
		} else {
#else  /* DUK_USE_REGEXP_SUPPORT */
		{  /* unconditionally */
#endif  /* DUK_USE_REGEXP_SUPPORT */
			const duk_uint8_t *p_start, *p_end, *p;   /* input string scan */
			const duk_uint8_t *q_start;               /* match string */
			duk_size_t q_blen;

#ifdef DUK_USE_REGEXP_SUPPORT
			DUK_ASSERT(!is_global);  /* single match always */
#endif

			p_start = DUK_HSTRING_GET_DATA(h_input);
			p_end = p_start + DUK_HSTRING_GET_BYTELEN(h_input);
			p = p_start;

			h_search = duk_get_hstring(ctx, 0);
			DUK_ASSERT(h_search != NULL);
			q_start = DUK_HSTRING_GET_DATA(h_search);
			q_blen = (duk_size_t) DUK_HSTRING_GET_BYTELEN(h_search);

			p_end -= q_blen;  /* ensure full memcmp() fits in while */

			match_start_coff = 0;

			while (p <= p_end) {
				DUK_ASSERT(p + q_blen <= DUK_HSTRING_GET_DATA(h_input) + DUK_HSTRING_GET_BYTELEN(h_input));
				if (DUK_MEMCMP((const void *) p, (const void *) q_start, (size_t) q_blen) == 0) {
					duk_dup(ctx, 0);
					h_match = duk_get_hstring(ctx, -1);
					DUK_ASSERT(h_match != NULL);
#ifdef DUK_USE_REGEXP_SUPPORT
					match_caps = 0;
#endif
					goto found;
				}

				/* track utf-8 non-continuation bytes */
				if ((p[0] & 0xc0) != 0x80) {
					match_start_coff++;
				}
				p++;
			}

			/* not found */
			break;
		}
	 found:

		/* stack[0] = search value
		 * stack[1] = replace value
		 * stack[2] = input string
		 * stack[3] = result buffer
		 * stack[4] = regexp match OR match string
		 */

		match_start_boff = duk_heap_strcache_offset_char2byte(thr, h_input, match_start_coff);

		tmp_sz = (duk_size_t) (match_start_boff - prev_match_end_boff);
		DUK_BW_WRITE_ENSURE_BYTES(thr, bw, DUK_HSTRING_GET_DATA(h_input) + prev_match_end_boff, tmp_sz);

		prev_match_end_boff = match_start_boff + DUK_HSTRING_GET_BYTELEN(h_match);

		if (is_repl_func) {
			duk_idx_t idx_args;
			duk_hstring *h_repl;

			/* regexp res_obj is at index 4 */

			duk_dup(ctx, 1);
			idx_args = duk_get_top(ctx);

#ifdef DUK_USE_REGEXP_SUPPORT
			if (is_regexp) {
				duk_int_t idx;
				duk_require_stack(ctx, match_caps + 2);
				for (idx = 0; idx < match_caps; idx++) {
					/* match followed by capture(s) */
					duk_get_prop_index(ctx, 4, idx);
				}
			} else {
#else  /* DUK_USE_REGEXP_SUPPORT */
			{  /* unconditionally */
#endif  /* DUK_USE_REGEXP_SUPPORT */
				/* match == search string, by definition */
				duk_dup(ctx, 0);
			}
			duk_push_int(ctx, match_start_coff);
			duk_dup(ctx, 2);

			/* [ ... replacer match [captures] match_char_offset input ] */

			duk_call(ctx, duk_get_top(ctx) - idx_args);
			h_repl = duk_to_hstring(ctx, -1);  /* -> [ ... repl_value ] */
			DUK_ASSERT(h_repl != NULL);

			DUK_BW_WRITE_ENSURE_HSTRING(thr, bw, h_repl);

			duk_pop(ctx);  /* repl_value */
		} else {
			r = r_start;

			while (r < r_end) {
				duk_int_t ch1;
				duk_int_t ch2;
#ifdef DUK_USE_REGEXP_SUPPORT
				duk_int_t ch3;
#endif
				duk_size_t left;

				ch1 = *r++;
				if (ch1 != DUK_ASC_DOLLAR) {
					goto repl_write;
				}
				left = r_end - r;

				if (left <= 0) {
					goto repl_write;
				}

				ch2 = r[0];
				switch ((int) ch2) {
				case DUK_ASC_DOLLAR: {
					ch1 = (1 << 8) + DUK_ASC_DOLLAR;
					goto repl_write;
				}
				case DUK_ASC_AMP: {
					DUK_BW_WRITE_ENSURE_HSTRING(thr, bw, h_match);
					r++;
					continue;
				}
				case DUK_ASC_GRAVE: {
					tmp_sz = (duk_size_t) match_start_boff;
					DUK_BW_WRITE_ENSURE_BYTES(thr, bw, DUK_HSTRING_GET_DATA(h_input), tmp_sz);
					r++;
					continue;
				}
				case DUK_ASC_SINGLEQUOTE: {
					duk_uint32_t match_end_boff;

					/* Use match charlen instead of bytelen, just in case the input and
					 * match codepoint encodings would have different lengths.
					 */
					match_end_boff = duk_heap_strcache_offset_char2byte(thr,
					                                                    h_input,
					                                                    match_start_coff + DUK_HSTRING_GET_CHARLEN(h_match));

					tmp_sz = (duk_size_t) (DUK_HSTRING_GET_BYTELEN(h_input) - match_end_boff);
					DUK_BW_WRITE_ENSURE_BYTES(thr, bw, DUK_HSTRING_GET_DATA(h_input) + match_end_boff, tmp_sz);
					r++;
					continue;
				}
				default: {
#ifdef DUK_USE_REGEXP_SUPPORT
					duk_int_t capnum, captmp, capadv;
					/* XXX: optional check, match_caps is zero if no regexp,
					 * so dollar will be interpreted literally anyway.
					 */

					if (!is_regexp) {
						goto repl_write;
					}

					if (!(ch2 >= DUK_ASC_0 && ch2 <= DUK_ASC_9)) {
						goto repl_write;
					}
					capnum = ch2 - DUK_ASC_0;
					capadv = 1;

					if (left >= 2) {
						ch3 = r[1];
						if (ch3 >= DUK_ASC_0 && ch3 <= DUK_ASC_9) {
							captmp = capnum * 10 + (ch3 - DUK_ASC_0);
							if (captmp < match_caps) {
								capnum = captmp;
								capadv = 2;
							}
						}
					}

					if (capnum > 0 && capnum < match_caps) {
						DUK_ASSERT(is_regexp != 0);  /* match_caps == 0 without regexps */

						/* regexp res_obj is at offset 4 */
						duk_get_prop_index(ctx, 4, (duk_uarridx_t) capnum);
						if (duk_is_string(ctx, -1)) {
							duk_hstring *h_tmp_str;

							h_tmp_str = duk_get_hstring(ctx, -1);
							DUK_ASSERT(h_tmp_str != NULL);

							DUK_BW_WRITE_ENSURE_HSTRING(thr, bw, h_tmp_str);
						} else {
							/* undefined -> skip (replaced with empty) */
						}
						duk_pop(ctx);
						r += capadv;
						continue;
					} else {
						goto repl_write;
					}
#else  /* DUK_USE_REGEXP_SUPPORT */
					goto repl_write;  /* unconditionally */
#endif  /* DUK_USE_REGEXP_SUPPORT */
				}  /* default case */
				}  /* switch (ch2) */

			 repl_write:
				/* ch1 = (r_increment << 8) + byte */

				DUK_BW_WRITE_ENSURE_U8(thr, bw, (duk_uint8_t) (ch1 & 0xff));
				r += ch1 >> 8;
			}  /* while repl */
		}  /* if (is_repl_func) */

		duk_pop(ctx);  /* pop regexp res_obj or match string */

#ifdef DUK_USE_REGEXP_SUPPORT
		if (!is_global) {
#else
		{  /* unconditionally; is_global==0 */
#endif
			break;
		}
	}

	/* trailer */
	tmp_sz = (duk_size_t) (DUK_HSTRING_GET_BYTELEN(h_input) - prev_match_end_boff);
	DUK_BW_WRITE_ENSURE_BYTES(thr, bw, DUK_HSTRING_GET_DATA(h_input) + prev_match_end_boff, tmp_sz);

	DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, 4);
	DUK_BW_COMPACT(thr, bw);
	duk_to_string(ctx, -1);
	return 1;
}

/*
 *  split()
 */

/* XXX: very messy now, but works; clean up, remove unused variables (nomimally
 * used so compiler doesn't complain).
 */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_string_prototype_split(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_hstring *h_input;
	duk_hstring *h_sep;
	duk_uint32_t limit;
	duk_uint32_t arr_idx;
#ifdef DUK_USE_REGEXP_SUPPORT
	duk_bool_t is_regexp;
#endif
	duk_bool_t matched;  /* set to 1 if any match exists (needed for empty input special case) */
	duk_uint32_t prev_match_end_coff, prev_match_end_boff;
	duk_uint32_t match_start_boff, match_start_coff;
	duk_uint32_t match_end_boff, match_end_coff;

	DUK_UNREF(thr);

	h_input = duk_push_this_coercible_to_string(ctx);
	DUK_ASSERT(h_input != NULL);

	duk_push_array(ctx);

	if (duk_is_undefined(ctx, 1)) {
		limit = 0xffffffffUL;
	} else {
		limit = duk_to_uint32(ctx, 1);
	}

	if (limit == 0) {
		return 1;
	}

	/* If the separator is a RegExp, make a "clone" of it.  The specification
	 * algorithm calls [[Match]] directly for specific indices; we emulate this
	 * by tweaking lastIndex and using a "force global" variant of duk_regexp_match()
	 * which will use global-style matching even when the RegExp itself is non-global.
	 */

	if (duk_is_undefined(ctx, 0)) {
		/* The spec algorithm first does "R = ToString(separator)" before checking
		 * whether separator is undefined.  Since this is side effect free, we can
		 * skip the ToString() here.
		 */
		duk_dup(ctx, 2);
		duk_put_prop_index(ctx, 3, 0);
		return 1;
	} else if (duk_get_hobject_with_class(ctx, 0, DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_REGEXP) != NULL) {
#ifdef DUK_USE_REGEXP_SUPPORT
		duk_push_hobject_bidx(ctx, DUK_BIDX_REGEXP_CONSTRUCTOR);
		duk_dup(ctx, 0);
		duk_new(ctx, 1);  /* [ ... RegExp val ] -> [ ... res ] */
		duk_replace(ctx, 0);
		/* lastIndex is initialized to zero by new RegExp() */
		is_regexp = 1;
#else
		return DUK_RET_UNSUPPORTED_ERROR;
#endif
	} else {
		duk_to_string(ctx, 0);
#ifdef DUK_USE_REGEXP_SUPPORT
		is_regexp = 0;
#endif
	}

	/* stack[0] = separator (string or regexp)
	 * stack[1] = limit
	 * stack[2] = input string
	 * stack[3] = result array
	 */

	prev_match_end_boff = 0;
	prev_match_end_coff = 0;
	arr_idx = 0;
	matched = 0;

	for (;;) {
		/*
		 *  The specification uses RegExp [[Match]] to attempt match at specific
		 *  offsets.  We don't have such a primitive, so we use an actual RegExp
		 *  and tweak lastIndex.  Since the RegExp may be non-global, we use a
		 *  special variant which forces global-like behavior for matching.
		 */

		DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, 4);

#ifdef DUK_USE_REGEXP_SUPPORT
		if (is_regexp) {
			duk_dup(ctx, 0);
			duk_dup(ctx, 2);
			duk_regexp_match_force_global(thr);  /* [ ... regexp input ] -> [ res_obj ] */
			if (!duk_is_object(ctx, -1)) {
				duk_pop(ctx);
				break;
			}
			matched = 1;

			duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, -1, DUK_STRIDX_INDEX);
			DUK_ASSERT(duk_is_number(ctx, -1));
			match_start_coff = duk_get_int(ctx, -1);
			match_start_boff = duk_heap_strcache_offset_char2byte(thr, h_input, match_start_coff);
			duk_pop(ctx);

			if (match_start_coff == DUK_HSTRING_GET_CHARLEN(h_input)) {
				/* don't allow an empty match at the end of the string */
				duk_pop(ctx);
				break;
			}

			duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, 0, DUK_STRIDX_LAST_INDEX);
			DUK_ASSERT(duk_is_number(ctx, -1));
			match_end_coff = duk_get_int(ctx, -1);
			match_end_boff = duk_heap_strcache_offset_char2byte(thr, h_input, match_end_coff);
			duk_pop(ctx);

			/* empty match -> bump and continue */
			if (prev_match_end_boff == match_end_boff) {
				duk_push_int(ctx, match_end_coff + 1);
				duk_put_prop_stridx(ctx, 0, DUK_STRIDX_LAST_INDEX);
				duk_pop(ctx);
				continue;
			}
		} else {
#else  /* DUK_USE_REGEXP_SUPPORT */
		{  /* unconditionally */
#endif  /* DUK_USE_REGEXP_SUPPORT */
			const duk_uint8_t *p_start, *p_end, *p;   /* input string scan */
			const duk_uint8_t *q_start;               /* match string */
			duk_size_t q_blen, q_clen;

			p_start = DUK_HSTRING_GET_DATA(h_input);
			p_end = p_start + DUK_HSTRING_GET_BYTELEN(h_input);
			p = p_start + prev_match_end_boff;

			h_sep = duk_get_hstring(ctx, 0);
			DUK_ASSERT(h_sep != NULL);
			q_start = DUK_HSTRING_GET_DATA(h_sep);
			q_blen = (duk_size_t) DUK_HSTRING_GET_BYTELEN(h_sep);
			q_clen = (duk_size_t) DUK_HSTRING_GET_CHARLEN(h_sep);

			p_end -= q_blen;  /* ensure full memcmp() fits in while */

			match_start_coff = prev_match_end_coff;

			if (q_blen == 0) {
				/* Handle empty separator case: it will always match, and always
				 * triggers the check in step 13.c.iii initially.  Note that we
				 * must skip to either end of string or start of first codepoint,
				 * skipping over any continuation bytes!
				 *
				 * Don't allow an empty string to match at the end of the input.
				 */

				matched = 1;  /* empty separator can always match */

				match_start_coff++;
				p++;
				while (p < p_end) {
					if ((p[0] & 0xc0) != 0x80) {
						goto found;
					}
					p++;
				}
				goto not_found;
			}

			DUK_ASSERT(q_blen > 0 && q_clen > 0);
			while (p <= p_end) {
				DUK_ASSERT(p + q_blen <= DUK_HSTRING_GET_DATA(h_input) + DUK_HSTRING_GET_BYTELEN(h_input));
				DUK_ASSERT(q_blen > 0);  /* no issues with empty memcmp() */
				if (DUK_MEMCMP((const void *) p, (const void *) q_start, (size_t) q_blen) == 0) {
					/* never an empty match, so step 13.c.iii can't be triggered */
					goto found;
				}

				/* track utf-8 non-continuation bytes */
				if ((p[0] & 0xc0) != 0x80) {
					match_start_coff++;
				}
				p++;
			}

		 not_found:
			/* not found */
			break;

		 found:
			matched = 1;
			match_start_boff = (duk_uint32_t) (p - p_start);
			match_end_coff = (duk_uint32_t) (match_start_coff + q_clen);  /* constrained by string length */
			match_end_boff = (duk_uint32_t) (match_start_boff + q_blen);  /* ditto */

			/* empty match (may happen with empty separator) -> bump and continue */
			if (prev_match_end_boff == match_end_boff) {
				prev_match_end_boff++;
				prev_match_end_coff++;
				continue;
			}
		}  /* if (is_regexp) */

		/* stack[0] = separator (string or regexp)
		 * stack[1] = limit
		 * stack[2] = input string
		 * stack[3] = result array
		 * stack[4] = regexp res_obj (if is_regexp)
		 */

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("split; match_start b=%ld,c=%ld, match_end b=%ld,c=%ld, prev_end b=%ld,c=%ld",
		                     (long) match_start_boff, (long) match_start_coff,
		                     (long) match_end_boff, (long) match_end_coff,
		                     (long) prev_match_end_boff, (long) prev_match_end_coff));

		duk_push_lstring(ctx,
		                 (const char *) (DUK_HSTRING_GET_DATA(h_input) + prev_match_end_boff),
		                 (duk_size_t) (match_start_boff - prev_match_end_boff));
		duk_put_prop_index(ctx, 3, arr_idx);
		arr_idx++;
		if (arr_idx >= limit) {
			goto hit_limit;
		}

#ifdef DUK_USE_REGEXP_SUPPORT
		if (is_regexp) {
			duk_size_t i, len;

			len = duk_get_length(ctx, 4);
			for (i = 1; i < len; i++) {
				DUK_ASSERT(i <= DUK_UARRIDX_MAX);  /* cannot have >4G captures */
				duk_get_prop_index(ctx, 4, (duk_uarridx_t) i);
				duk_put_prop_index(ctx, 3, arr_idx);
				arr_idx++;
				if (arr_idx >= limit) {
					goto hit_limit;
				}
			}

			duk_pop(ctx);
			/* lastIndex already set up for next match */
		} else {
#else  /* DUK_USE_REGEXP_SUPPORT */
		{  /* unconditionally */
#endif  /* DUK_USE_REGEXP_SUPPORT */
			/* no action */
		}

		prev_match_end_boff = match_end_boff;
		prev_match_end_coff = match_end_coff;
		continue;
	}  /* for */

	/* Combined step 11 (empty string special case) and 14-15. */

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("split trailer; prev_end b=%ld,c=%ld",
	                     (long) prev_match_end_boff, (long) prev_match_end_coff));

	if (DUK_HSTRING_GET_CHARLEN(h_input) > 0 || !matched) {
		/* Add trailer if:
		 *   a) non-empty input
		 *   b) empty input and no (zero size) match found (step 11)
		 */

		duk_push_lstring(ctx,
		                 (const char *) DUK_HSTRING_GET_DATA(h_input) + prev_match_end_boff,
		                 (duk_size_t) (DUK_HSTRING_GET_BYTELEN(h_input) - prev_match_end_boff));
		duk_put_prop_index(ctx, 3, arr_idx);
		/* No arr_idx update or limit check */
	}

	return 1;

 hit_limit:
#ifdef DUK_USE_REGEXP_SUPPORT
	if (is_regexp) {
		duk_pop(ctx);
	}
#endif

	return 1;
}

/*
 *  Various
 */

#ifdef DUK_USE_REGEXP_SUPPORT
DUK_LOCAL void duk__to_regexp_helper(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index, duk_bool_t force_new) {
	duk_hobject *h;

	/* Shared helper for match() steps 3-4, search() steps 3-4. */

	DUK_ASSERT(index >= 0);

	if (force_new) {
		goto do_new;
	}

	h = duk_get_hobject_with_class(ctx, index, DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_REGEXP);
	if (!h) {
		goto do_new;
	}
	return;

 do_new:
	duk_push_hobject_bidx(ctx, DUK_BIDX_REGEXP_CONSTRUCTOR);
	duk_dup(ctx, index);
	duk_new(ctx, 1);  /* [ ... RegExp val ] -> [ ... res ] */
	duk_replace(ctx, index);
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_REGEXP_SUPPORT */

#ifdef DUK_USE_REGEXP_SUPPORT
DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_string_prototype_search(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;

	/* Easiest way to implement the search required by the specification
	 * is to do a RegExp test() with lastIndex forced to zero.  To avoid
	 * side effects on the argument, "clone" the RegExp if a RegExp was
	 * given as input.
	 *
	 * The global flag of the RegExp should be ignored; setting lastIndex
	 * to zero (which happens when "cloning" the RegExp) should have an
	 * equivalent effect.
	 */

	DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, 1);
	(void) duk_push_this_coercible_to_string(ctx);  /* at index 1 */
	duk__to_regexp_helper(ctx, 0 /*index*/, 1 /*force_new*/);

	/* stack[0] = regexp
	 * stack[1] = string
	 */

	/* Avoid using RegExp.prototype methods, as they're writable and
	 * configurable and may have been changed.
	 */

	duk_dup(ctx, 0);
	duk_dup(ctx, 1);  /* [ ... re_obj input ] */
	duk_regexp_match(thr);  /* -> [ ... res_obj ] */

	if (!duk_is_object(ctx, -1)) {
		duk_push_int(ctx, -1);
		return 1;
	}

	duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, -1, DUK_STRIDX_INDEX);
	DUK_ASSERT(duk_is_number(ctx, -1));
	return 1;
}
#else  /* DUK_USE_REGEXP_SUPPORT */
DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_string_prototype_search(duk_context *ctx) {
	DUK_UNREF(ctx);
	return DUK_RET_UNSUPPORTED_ERROR;
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_REGEXP_SUPPORT */

#ifdef DUK_USE_REGEXP_SUPPORT
DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_string_prototype_match(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_bool_t global;
	duk_int_t prev_last_index;
	duk_int_t this_index;
	duk_int_t arr_idx;

	DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, 1);
	(void) duk_push_this_coercible_to_string(ctx);
	duk__to_regexp_helper(ctx, 0 /*index*/, 0 /*force_new*/);
	global = duk_get_prop_stridx_boolean(ctx, 0, DUK_STRIDX_GLOBAL, NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, 2);

	/* stack[0] = regexp
	 * stack[1] = string
	 */

	if (!global) {
		duk_regexp_match(thr);  /* -> [ res_obj ] */
		return 1;  /* return 'res_obj' */
	}

	/* Global case is more complex. */

	/* [ regexp string ] */

	duk_push_int(ctx, 0);
	duk_put_prop_stridx(ctx, 0, DUK_STRIDX_LAST_INDEX);
	duk_push_array(ctx);

	/* [ regexp string res_arr ] */

	prev_last_index = 0;
	arr_idx = 0;

	for (;;) {
		DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, 3);

		duk_dup(ctx, 0);
		duk_dup(ctx, 1);
		duk_regexp_match(thr);  /* -> [ ... regexp string ] -> [ ... res_obj ] */

		if (!duk_is_object(ctx, -1)) {
			duk_pop(ctx);
			break;
		}

		duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, 0, DUK_STRIDX_LAST_INDEX);
		DUK_ASSERT(duk_is_number(ctx, -1));
		this_index = duk_get_int(ctx, -1);
		duk_pop(ctx);

		if (this_index == prev_last_index) {
			this_index++;
			duk_push_int(ctx, this_index);
			duk_put_prop_stridx(ctx, 0, DUK_STRIDX_LAST_INDEX);
		}
		prev_last_index = this_index;

		duk_get_prop_index(ctx, -1, 0);  /* match string */
		duk_put_prop_index(ctx, 2, arr_idx);
		arr_idx++;
		duk_pop(ctx);  /* res_obj */
	}

	if (arr_idx == 0) {
		duk_push_null(ctx);
	}

	return 1;  /* return 'res_arr' or 'null' */
}
#else  /* DUK_USE_REGEXP_SUPPORT */
DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_string_prototype_match(duk_context *ctx) {
	DUK_UNREF(ctx);
	return DUK_RET_UNSUPPORTED_ERROR;
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_REGEXP_SUPPORT */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_string_prototype_concat(duk_context *ctx) {
	/* duk_concat() coerces arguments with ToString() in correct order */
	(void) duk_push_this_coercible_to_string(ctx);
	duk_insert(ctx, 0);  /* this is relatively expensive */
	duk_concat(ctx, duk_get_top(ctx));
	return 1;
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_string_prototype_trim(duk_context *ctx) {
	DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, 0);
	(void) duk_push_this_coercible_to_string(ctx);
	duk_trim(ctx, 0);
	DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, 1);
	return 1;
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_string_prototype_locale_compare(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hstring *h1;
	duk_hstring *h2;
	duk_size_t h1_len, h2_len, prefix_len;
	duk_small_int_t ret = 0;
	duk_small_int_t rc;

	/* The current implementation of localeCompare() is simply a codepoint
	 * by codepoint comparison, implemented with a simple string compare
	 * because UTF-8 should preserve codepoint ordering (assuming valid
	 * shortest UTF-8 encoding).
	 *
	 * The specification requires that the return value must be related
	 * to the sort order: e.g. negative means that 'this' comes before
	 * 'that' in sort order.  We assume an ascending sort order.
	 */

	/* XXX: could share code with duk_js_ops.c, duk_js_compare_helper */

	h1 = duk_push_this_coercible_to_string(ctx);
	DUK_ASSERT(h1 != NULL);

	h2 = duk_to_hstring(ctx, 0);
	DUK_ASSERT(h2 != NULL);

	h1_len = (duk_size_t) DUK_HSTRING_GET_BYTELEN(h1);
	h2_len = (duk_size_t) DUK_HSTRING_GET_BYTELEN(h2);
	prefix_len = (h1_len <= h2_len ? h1_len : h2_len);

	/* Zero size compare not an issue with DUK_MEMCMP. */
	rc = (duk_small_int_t) DUK_MEMCMP((const void *) DUK_HSTRING_GET_DATA(h1),
	                                  (const void *) DUK_HSTRING_GET_DATA(h2),
	                                  (size_t) prefix_len);

	if (rc < 0) {
		ret = -1;
		goto done;
	} else if (rc > 0) {
		ret = 1;
		goto done;
	}

	/* prefix matches, lengths matter now */
	if (h1_len > h2_len) {
		ret = 1;
		goto done;
	} else if (h1_len == h2_len) {
		DUK_ASSERT(ret == 0);
		goto done;
	}
	ret = -1;
	goto done;

 done:
	duk_push_int(ctx, (duk_int_t) ret);
	return 1;
}
/*
 *  Thread builtins
 */

/* include removed: duk_internal.h */

/*
 *  Constructor
 */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_thread_constructor(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hthread *new_thr;
	duk_hobject *func;

	/* XXX: need a duk_require_func_or_lfunc_coerce() */
	if (!duk_is_callable(ctx, 0)) {
		return DUK_RET_TYPE_ERROR;
	}
	func = duk_require_hobject_or_lfunc_coerce(ctx, 0);
	DUK_ASSERT(func != NULL);

	duk_push_thread(ctx);
	new_thr = (duk_hthread *) duk_get_hobject(ctx, -1);
	DUK_ASSERT(new_thr != NULL);
	new_thr->state = DUK_HTHREAD_STATE_INACTIVE;

	/* push initial function call to new thread stack; this is
	 * picked up by resume().
	 */
	duk_push_hobject((duk_context *) new_thr, func);

	return 1;  /* return thread */
}

/*
 *  Resume a thread.
 *
 *  The thread must be in resumable state, either (a) new thread which hasn't
 *  yet started, or (b) a thread which has previously yielded.  This method
 *  must be called from an Ecmascript function.
 *
 *  Args:
 *    - thread
 *    - value
 *    - isError (defaults to false)
 *
 *  Note: yield and resume handling is currently asymmetric.
 */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_thread_resume(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_hthread *thr_resume;
	duk_tval *tv;
	duk_hobject *func;
	duk_hobject *caller_func;
	duk_small_int_t is_error;

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("Duktape.Thread.resume(): thread=%!T, value=%!T, is_error=%!T",
	                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, 0),
	                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, 1),
	                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, 2)));

	DUK_ASSERT(thr->state == DUK_HTHREAD_STATE_RUNNING);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->heap->curr_thread == thr);

	thr_resume = duk_require_hthread(ctx, 0);
	is_error = (duk_small_int_t) duk_to_boolean(ctx, 2);
	duk_set_top(ctx, 2);

	/* [ thread value ] */

	/*
	 *  Thread state and calling context checks
	 */

	if (thr->callstack_top < 2) {
		DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("resume state invalid: callstack should contain at least 2 entries (caller and Duktape.Thread.resume)"));
		goto state_error;
	}
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_ACT_GET_FUNC(thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top - 1) != NULL);  /* us */
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_IS_NATIVEFUNCTION(DUK_ACT_GET_FUNC(thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top - 1)));
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_ACT_GET_FUNC(thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top - 2) != NULL);  /* caller */

	caller_func = DUK_ACT_GET_FUNC(thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top - 2);
	if (!DUK_HOBJECT_IS_COMPILEDFUNCTION(caller_func)) {
		DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("resume state invalid: caller must be Ecmascript code"));
		goto state_error;
	}

	/* Note: there is no requirement that: 'thr->callstack_preventcount == 1'
	 * like for yield.
	 */

	if (thr_resume->state != DUK_HTHREAD_STATE_INACTIVE &&
	    thr_resume->state != DUK_HTHREAD_STATE_YIELDED) {
		DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("resume state invalid: target thread must be INACTIVE or YIELDED"));
		goto state_error;
	}

	DUK_ASSERT(thr_resume->state == DUK_HTHREAD_STATE_INACTIVE ||
	           thr_resume->state == DUK_HTHREAD_STATE_YIELDED);

	/* Further state-dependent pre-checks */

	if (thr_resume->state == DUK_HTHREAD_STATE_YIELDED) {
		/* no pre-checks now, assume a previous yield() has left things in
		 * tip-top shape (longjmp handler will assert for these).
		 */
	} else {
		DUK_ASSERT(thr_resume->state == DUK_HTHREAD_STATE_INACTIVE);

		if ((thr_resume->callstack_top != 0) ||
		    (thr_resume->valstack_top - thr_resume->valstack != 1)) {
			goto state_invalid_initial;
		}
		tv = &thr_resume->valstack_top[-1];
		DUK_ASSERT(tv >= thr_resume->valstack && tv < thr_resume->valstack_top);
		if (!DUK_TVAL_IS_OBJECT(tv)) {
			goto state_invalid_initial;
		}
		func = DUK_TVAL_GET_OBJECT(tv);
		DUK_ASSERT(func != NULL);
		if (!DUK_HOBJECT_IS_COMPILEDFUNCTION(func)) {
			/* Note: cannot be a bound function either right now,
			 * this would be easy to relax though.
			 */
			goto state_invalid_initial;
		}

	}

	/*
	 *  The error object has been augmented with a traceback and other
	 *  info from its creation point -- usually another thread.  The
	 *  error handler is called here right before throwing, but it also
	 *  runs in the resumer's thread.  It might be nice to get a traceback
	 *  from the resumee but this is not the case now.
	 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_AUGMENT_ERROR_THROW)
	if (is_error) {
		DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, 2);  /* value (error) is at stack top */
		duk_err_augment_error_throw(thr);  /* in resumer's context */
	}
#endif

#ifdef DUK_USE_DEBUG
	if (is_error) {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("RESUME ERROR: thread=%!T, value=%!T",
		                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, 0),
		                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, 1)));
	} else if (thr_resume->state == DUK_HTHREAD_STATE_YIELDED) {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("RESUME NORMAL: thread=%!T, value=%!T",
		                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, 0),
		                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, 1)));
	} else {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("RESUME INITIAL: thread=%!T, value=%!T",
		                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, 0),
		                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, 1)));
	}
#endif

	thr->heap->lj.type = DUK_LJ_TYPE_RESUME;

	/* lj value2: thread */
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->valstack_bottom < thr->valstack_top);
	DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL_UPDREF(thr, &thr->heap->lj.value2, &thr->valstack_bottom[0]);  /* side effects */

	/* lj value1: value */
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->valstack_bottom + 1 < thr->valstack_top);
	DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL_UPDREF(thr, &thr->heap->lj.value1, &thr->valstack_bottom[1]);  /* side effects */
	DUK_TVAL_CHKFAST_INPLACE(&thr->heap->lj.value1);

	thr->heap->lj.iserror = is_error;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr->heap->lj.jmpbuf_ptr != NULL);  /* call is from executor, so we know we have a jmpbuf */
	duk_err_longjmp(thr);  /* execution resumes in bytecode executor */
	return 0;  /* never here */

 state_invalid_initial:
	DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, "invalid initial thread state/stack");
	return 0;  /* never here */

 state_error:
	DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, "invalid state");
	return 0;  /* never here */
}

/*
 *  Yield the current thread.
 *
 *  The thread must be in yieldable state: it must have a resumer, and there
 *  must not be any yield-preventing calls (native calls and constructor calls,
 *  currently) in the thread's call stack (otherwise a resume would not be
 *  possible later).  This method must be called from an Ecmascript function.
 *
 *  Args:
 *    - value
 *    - isError (defaults to false)
 *
 *  Note: yield and resume handling is currently asymmetric.
 */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_thread_yield(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_hobject *caller_func;
	duk_small_int_t is_error;

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("Duktape.Thread.yield(): value=%!T, is_error=%!T",
	                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, 0),
	                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, 1)));

	DUK_ASSERT(thr->state == DUK_HTHREAD_STATE_RUNNING);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->heap->curr_thread == thr);

	is_error = (duk_small_int_t) duk_to_boolean(ctx, 1);
	duk_set_top(ctx, 1);

	/* [ value ] */

	/*
	 *  Thread state and calling context checks
	 */

	if (!thr->resumer) {
		DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("yield state invalid: current thread must have a resumer"));
		goto state_error;
	}
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->resumer->state == DUK_HTHREAD_STATE_RESUMED);

	if (thr->callstack_top < 2) {
		DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("yield state invalid: callstack should contain at least 2 entries (caller and Duktape.Thread.yield)"));
		goto state_error;
	}
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_ACT_GET_FUNC(thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top - 1) != NULL);  /* us */
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_IS_NATIVEFUNCTION(DUK_ACT_GET_FUNC(thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top - 1)));
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_ACT_GET_FUNC(thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top - 2) != NULL);  /* caller */

	caller_func = DUK_ACT_GET_FUNC(thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top - 2);
	if (!DUK_HOBJECT_IS_COMPILEDFUNCTION(caller_func)) {
		DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("yield state invalid: caller must be Ecmascript code"));
		goto state_error;
	}

	DUK_ASSERT(thr->callstack_preventcount >= 1);  /* should never be zero, because we (Duktape.Thread.yield) are on the stack */
	if (thr->callstack_preventcount != 1) {
		/* Note: the only yield-preventing call is Duktape.Thread.yield(), hence check for 1, not 0 */
		DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("yield state invalid: there must be no yield-preventing calls in current thread callstack (preventcount is %ld)",
		                   (long) thr->callstack_preventcount));
		goto state_error;
	}

	/*
	 *  The error object has been augmented with a traceback and other
	 *  info from its creation point -- usually the current thread.
	 *  The error handler, however, is called right before throwing
	 *  and runs in the yielder's thread.
	 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_AUGMENT_ERROR_THROW)
	if (is_error) {
		DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, 1);  /* value (error) is at stack top */
		duk_err_augment_error_throw(thr);  /* in yielder's context */
	}
#endif

#ifdef DUK_USE_DEBUG
	if (is_error) {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("YIELD ERROR: value=%!T",
		                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, 0)));
	} else {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("YIELD NORMAL: value=%!T",
		                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, 0)));
	}
#endif

	/*
	 *  Process yield
	 *
	 *  After longjmp(), processing continues in bytecode executor longjmp
	 *  handler, which will e.g. update thr->resumer to NULL.
	 */

	thr->heap->lj.type = DUK_LJ_TYPE_YIELD;

	/* lj value1: value */
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->valstack_bottom < thr->valstack_top);
	DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL_UPDREF(thr, &thr->heap->lj.value1, &thr->valstack_bottom[0]);  /* side effects */
	DUK_TVAL_CHKFAST_INPLACE(&thr->heap->lj.value1);

	thr->heap->lj.iserror = is_error;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr->heap->lj.jmpbuf_ptr != NULL);  /* call is from executor, so we know we have a jmpbuf */
	duk_err_longjmp(thr);  /* execution resumes in bytecode executor */
	return 0;  /* never here */

 state_error:
	DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, "invalid state");
	return 0;  /* never here */
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_thread_current(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_push_current_thread(ctx);
	return 1;
}
/*
 *  Type error thrower, E5 Section 13.2.3.
 */

/* include removed: duk_internal.h */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_bi_type_error_thrower(duk_context *ctx) {
	DUK_UNREF(ctx);
	return DUK_RET_TYPE_ERROR;
}
/*
 *  Fixed buffer helper useful for debugging, requires no allocation
 *  which is critical for debugging.
 */

/* include removed: duk_internal.h */

#ifdef DUK_USE_DEBUG

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_fb_put_bytes(duk_fixedbuffer *fb, const duk_uint8_t *buffer, duk_size_t length) {
	duk_size_t avail;
	duk_size_t copylen;

	avail = (fb->offset >= fb->length ? (duk_size_t) 0 : (duk_size_t) (fb->length - fb->offset));
	if (length > avail) {
		copylen = avail;
		fb->truncated = 1;
	} else {
		copylen = length;
	}
	DUK_MEMCPY(fb->buffer + fb->offset, buffer, copylen);
	fb->offset += copylen;
}

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_fb_put_byte(duk_fixedbuffer *fb, duk_uint8_t x) {
	duk_fb_put_bytes(fb, (const duk_uint8_t *) &x, 1);
}

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_fb_put_cstring(duk_fixedbuffer *fb, const char *x) {
	duk_fb_put_bytes(fb, (const duk_uint8_t *) x, (duk_size_t) DUK_STRLEN(x));
}

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_fb_sprintf(duk_fixedbuffer *fb, const char *fmt, ...) {
	duk_size_t avail;
	va_list ap;

	va_start(ap, fmt);
	avail = (fb->offset >= fb->length ? (duk_size_t) 0 : (duk_size_t) (fb->length - fb->offset));
	if (avail > 0) {
		duk_int_t res = (duk_int_t) DUK_VSNPRINTF((char *) (fb->buffer + fb->offset), avail, fmt, ap);
		if (res < 0) {
			/* error */
		} else if ((duk_size_t) res >= avail) {
			/* (maybe) truncated */
			fb->offset += avail;
			if ((duk_size_t) res > avail) {
				/* actual chars dropped (not just NUL term) */
				fb->truncated = 1;
			}
		} else {
			/* normal */
			fb->offset += res;
		}
	}
	va_end(ap);
}

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_fb_put_funcptr(duk_fixedbuffer *fb, duk_uint8_t *fptr, duk_size_t fptr_size) {
	char buf[64+1];
	duk_debug_format_funcptr(buf, sizeof(buf), fptr, fptr_size);
	buf[sizeof(buf) - 1] = (char) 0;
	duk_fb_put_cstring(fb, buf);
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_fb_is_full(duk_fixedbuffer *fb) {
	return (fb->offset >= fb->length);
}

#endif  /* DUK_USE_DEBUG */
/*
 *  Debug dumping of duk_heap.
 */

/* include removed: duk_internal.h */

#ifdef DUK_USE_DEBUG

#if 0  /*unused*/
DUK_LOCAL void duk__sanitize_snippet(char *buf, duk_size_t buf_size, duk_hstring *str) {
	duk_size_t i;
	duk_size_t nchars;
	duk_size_t maxchars;
	duk_uint8_t *data;

	DUK_MEMZERO(buf, buf_size);

	maxchars = (duk_size_t) (buf_size - 1);
	data = DUK_HSTRING_GET_DATA(str);
	nchars = ((duk_size_t) str->blen < maxchars ? (duk_size_t) str->blen : maxchars);
	for (i = 0; i < nchars; i++) {
		duk_small_int_t c = (duk_small_int_t) data[i];
		if (c < 0x20 || c > 0x7e) {
			c = '.';
		}
		buf[i] = (char) c;
	}
}
#endif

#if 0
DUK_LOCAL const char *duk__get_heap_type_string(duk_heaphdr *hdr) {
	switch (DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_TYPE(hdr)) {
	case DUK_HTYPE_STRING:
		return "string";
	case DUK_HTYPE_OBJECT:
		return "object";
	case DUK_HTYPE_BUFFER:
		return "buffer";
	default:
		return "???";
	}
}
#endif

#if 0
DUK_LOCAL void duk__dump_indented(duk_heaphdr *obj, int index) {
	DUK_UNREF(obj);
	DUK_UNREF(index);
	DUK_UNREF(duk__get_heap_type_string);

#ifdef DUK_USE_REFERENCE_COUNTING
	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("  [%ld]: %p %s (flags: 0x%08lx, ref: %ld) -> %!O",
	                 (long) index,
	                 (void *) obj,
	                 (const char *) duk__get_heap_type_string(obj),
	                 (unsigned long) DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_FLAGS(obj),
	                 (long) DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_REFCOUNT(obj),
	                 (duk_heaphdr *) obj));
#else
	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("  [%ld]: %p %s (flags: 0x%08lx) -> %!O",
	                 (long) index,
	                 (void *) obj,
	                 (const char *) duk__get_heap_type_string(obj),
	                 (unsigned long) DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_FLAGS(obj),
	                 (duk_heaphdr *) obj));
#endif
}
#endif

#if 0  /*unused*/
DUK_LOCAL void duk__dump_heaphdr_list(duk_heap *heap, duk_heaphdr *root, const char *name) {
	duk_int_t count;
	duk_heaphdr *curr;

	DUK_UNREF(heap);
	DUK_UNREF(name);

	count = 0;
	curr = root;
	while (curr) {
		count++;
		curr = DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_NEXT(curr);
	}

	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("%s, %ld objects", (const char *) name, (long) count));

	count = 0;
	curr = root;
	while (curr) {
		count++;
		duk__dump_indented(curr, count);
		curr = DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_NEXT(curr);
	}
}
#endif

#if 0  /*unused*/
DUK_LOCAL void duk__dump_stringtable(duk_heap *heap) {
	duk_uint_fast32_t i;
	char buf[64+1];

	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("stringtable %p, used %ld, size %ld, load %ld%%",
	                 (void *) heap->strtable,
	                 (long) heap->st_used,
	                 (long) heap->st_size,
	                 (long) (((double) heap->st_used) / ((double) heap->st_size) * 100.0)));

	for (i = 0; i < (duk_uint_fast32_t) heap->st_size; i++) {
		duk_hstring *e = heap->strtable[i];

		if (!e) {
			DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("  [%ld]: NULL", (long) i));
		} else if (e == DUK_STRTAB_DELETED_MARKER(heap)) {
			DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("  [%ld]: DELETED", (long) i));
		} else {
			duk__sanitize_snippet(buf, sizeof(buf), e);

#ifdef DUK_USE_REFERENCE_COUNTING
			DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("  [%ld]: %p (flags: 0x%08lx, ref: %ld) '%s', strhash=0x%08lx, blen=%ld, clen=%ld, "
			                 "arridx=%ld, internal=%ld, reserved_word=%ld, strict_reserved_word=%ld, eval_or_arguments=%ld",
			                 (long) i,
			                 (void *) e,
			                 (unsigned long) DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_FLAGS((duk_heaphdr *) e),
			                 (long) DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_REFCOUNT((duk_heaphdr *) e),
			                 (const char *) buf,
			                 (unsigned long) e->hash,
			                 (long) e->blen,
			                 (long) e->clen,
			                 (long) (DUK_HSTRING_HAS_ARRIDX(e) ? 1 : 0),
			                 (long) (DUK_HSTRING_HAS_INTERNAL(e) ? 1 : 0),
			                 (long) (DUK_HSTRING_HAS_RESERVED_WORD(e) ? 1 : 0),
			                 (long) (DUK_HSTRING_HAS_STRICT_RESERVED_WORD(e) ? 1 : 0),
			                 (long) (DUK_HSTRING_HAS_EVAL_OR_ARGUMENTS(e) ? 1 : 0)));
#else
			DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("  [%ld]: %p (flags: 0x%08lx) '%s', strhash=0x%08lx, blen=%ld, clen=%ld, "
			                 "arridx=%ld, internal=%ld, reserved_word=%ld, strict_reserved_word=%ld, eval_or_arguments=%ld",
			                 (long) i,
			                 (void *) e,
			                 (unsigned long) DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_FLAGS((duk_heaphdr *) e),
			                 (const char *) buf,
			                 (long) e->hash,
			                 (long) e->blen,
			                 (long) e->clen,
			                 (long) (DUK_HSTRING_HAS_ARRIDX(e) ? 1 : 0),
			                 (long) (DUK_HSTRING_HAS_INTERNAL(e) ? 1 : 0),
			                 (long) (DUK_HSTRING_HAS_RESERVED_WORD(e) ? 1 : 0),
			                 (long) (DUK_HSTRING_HAS_STRICT_RESERVED_WORD(e) ? 1 : 0),
			                 (long) (DUK_HSTRING_HAS_EVAL_OR_ARGUMENTS(e) ? 1 : 0)));
#endif
		}
	}
}
#endif

#if 0  /*unused*/
DUK_LOCAL void duk__dump_strcache(duk_heap *heap) {
	duk_uint_fast32_t i;
	char buf[64+1];

	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("stringcache"));

	for (i = 0; i < (duk_uint_fast32_t) DUK_HEAP_STRCACHE_SIZE; i++) {
		duk_strcache *c = &heap->strcache[i];
		if (!c->h) {
			DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("  [%ld]: bidx=%ld, cidx=%ld, str=NULL",
			                 (long) i, (long) c->bidx, (long) c->cidx));
		} else {
			duk__sanitize_snippet(buf, sizeof(buf), c->h);
			DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("  [%ld]: bidx=%ld cidx=%ld str=%s",
			                 (long) i, (long) c->bidx, (long) c->cidx, (const char *) buf));
		}
	}
}
#endif

#if 0  /*unused*/
DUK_INTERNAL void duk_debug_dump_heap(duk_heap *heap) {
	char buf[64+1];

	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("=== heap %p ===", (void *) heap));
	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("  flags: 0x%08lx", (unsigned long) heap->flags));

	/* Note: there is no standard formatter for function pointers */
#ifdef DUK_USE_GCC_PRAGMAS
#pragma GCC diagnostic push
#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-pedantic"
#endif
	duk_debug_format_funcptr(buf, sizeof(buf), (duk_uint8_t *) &heap->alloc_func, sizeof(heap->alloc_func));
	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("  alloc_func: %s", (const char *) buf));
	duk_debug_format_funcptr(buf, sizeof(buf), (duk_uint8_t *) &heap->realloc_func, sizeof(heap->realloc_func));
	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("  realloc_func: %s", (const char *) buf));
	duk_debug_format_funcptr(buf, sizeof(buf), (duk_uint8_t *) &heap->free_func, sizeof(heap->free_func));
	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("  free_func: %s", (const char *) buf));
	duk_debug_format_funcptr(buf, sizeof(buf), (duk_uint8_t *) &heap->fatal_func, sizeof(heap->fatal_func));
	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("  fatal_func: %s", (const char *) buf));
#ifdef DUK_USE_GCC_PRAGMAS
#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
#endif

	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("  heap_udata: %p", (void *) heap->heap_udata));

#ifdef DUK_USE_MARK_AND_SWEEP
#ifdef DUK_USE_VOLUNTARY_GC
	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("  mark-and-sweep trig counter: %ld", (long) heap->mark_and_sweep_trigger_counter));
#endif
	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("  mark-and-sweep rec depth: %ld", (long) heap->mark_and_sweep_recursion_depth));
	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("  mark-and-sweep base flags: 0x%08lx", (unsigned long) heap->mark_and_sweep_base_flags));
#endif

	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("  lj.jmpbuf_ptr: %p", (void *) heap->lj.jmpbuf_ptr));
	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("  lj.type: %ld", (long) heap->lj.type));
	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("  lj.value1: %!T", (duk_tval *) &heap->lj.value1));
	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("  lj.value2: %!T", (duk_tval *) &heap->lj.value2));
	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("  lj.iserror: %ld", (long) heap->lj.iserror));

	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("  handling_error: %ld", (long) heap->handling_error));

	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("  heap_thread: %!@O", (duk_heaphdr *) heap->heap_thread));
	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("  curr_thread: %!@O", (duk_heaphdr *) heap->curr_thread));
	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("  heap_object: %!@O", (duk_heaphdr *) heap->heap_object));

	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("  call_recursion_depth: %ld", (long) heap->call_recursion_depth));
	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("  call_recursion_limit: %ld", (long) heap->call_recursion_limit));

	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("  hash_seed: 0x%08lx", (unsigned long) heap->hash_seed));
	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("  rnd_state: 0x%08lx", (unsigned long) heap->rnd_state));

	duk__dump_strcache(heap);

	duk__dump_heaphdr_list(heap, heap->heap_allocated, "heap allocated");

#ifdef DUK_USE_REFERENCE_COUNTING
	duk__dump_heaphdr_list(heap, heap->refzero_list, "refcounting refzero list");
#endif

#ifdef DUK_USE_MARK_AND_SWEEP
	duk__dump_heaphdr_list(heap, heap->finalize_list, "mark-and-sweep finalize list");
#endif

	duk__dump_stringtable(heap);

	/* heap->strs: not worth dumping */
}
#endif

#endif  /* DUK_USE_DEBUG */
/*
 *  Custom formatter for debug printing, allowing Duktape specific data
 *  structures (such as tagged values and heap objects) to be printed with
 *  a nice format string.  Because debug printing should not affect execution
 *  state, formatting here must be independent of execution (see implications
 *  below) and must not allocate memory.
 *
 *  Custom format tags begin with a '%!' to safely distinguish them from
 *  standard format tags.  The following conversions are supported:
 *
 *     %!T    tagged value (duk_tval *)
 *     %!O    heap object (duk_heaphdr *)
 *     %!I    decoded bytecode instruction
 *     %!C    bytecode instruction opcode name (arg is long)
 *
 *  Everything is serialized in a JSON-like manner.  The default depth is one
 *  level, internal prototype is not followed, and internal properties are not
 *  serialized.  The following modifiers change this behavior:
 *
 *     @      print pointers
 *     #      print binary representations (where applicable)
 *     d      deep traversal of own properties (not prototype)
 *     p      follow prototype chain (useless without 'd')
 *     i      include internal properties (other than prototype)
 *     x      hexdump buffers
 *     h      heavy formatting
 *
 *  For instance, the following serializes objects recursively, but does not
 *  follow the prototype chain nor print internal properties: "%!dO".
 *
 *  Notes:
 *
 *    * Standard snprintf return value semantics seem to vary.  This
 *      implementation returns the number of bytes it actually wrote
 *      (excluding the null terminator).  If retval == buffer size,
 *      output was truncated (except for corner cases).
 *
 *    * Output format is intentionally different from Ecmascript
 *      formatting requirements, as formatting here serves debugging
 *      of internals.
 *
 *    * Depth checking (and updating) is done in each type printer
 *      separately, to allow them to call each other freely.
 *
 *    * Some pathological structures might take ages to print (e.g.
 *      self recursion with 100 properties pointing to the object
 *      itself).  To guard against these, each printer also checks
 *      whether the output buffer is full; if so, early exit.
 *
 *    * Reference loops are detected using a loop stack.
 */

/* include removed: duk_internal.h */

#ifdef DUK_USE_DEBUG

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <string.h>

/* list of conversion specifiers that terminate a format tag;
 * this is unfortunately guesswork.
 */
#define DUK__ALLOWED_STANDARD_SPECIFIERS  "diouxXeEfFgGaAcsCSpnm"

/* maximum length of standard format tag that we support */
#define DUK__MAX_FORMAT_TAG_LENGTH  32

/* heapobj recursion depth when deep printing is selected */
#define DUK__DEEP_DEPTH_LIMIT  8

/* maximum recursion depth for loop detection stacks */
#define DUK__LOOP_STACK_DEPTH  256

/* must match bytecode defines now; build autogenerate? */
DUK_LOCAL const char *duk__bc_optab[64] = {
	"LDREG",    "STREG",    "LDCONST",  "LDINT",    "LDINTX",   "MPUTOBJ",  "MPUTOBJI", "MPUTARR",  "MPUTARRI", "NEW",
	"NEWI",     "REGEXP",   "CSREG",    "CSREGI",   "GETVAR",   "PUTVAR",   "DECLVAR",  "DELVAR",   "CSVAR",    "CSVARI",
	"CLOSURE",  "GETPROP",  "PUTPROP",  "DELPROP",  "CSPROP",   "CSPROPI",  "ADD",      "SUB",      "MUL",      "DIV",
	"MOD",      "BAND",     "BOR",      "BXOR",     "BASL",     "BLSR",     "BASR",     "EQ",       "NEQ",      "SEQ",
	"SNEQ",     "GT",       "GE",       "LT",       "LE",       "IF",       "JUMP",     "RETURN",   "CALL",     "CALLI",
	"TRYCATCH", "EXTRA",    "PREINCR",  "PREDECR",  "POSTINCR", "POSTDECR", "PREINCV",  "PREDECV",  "POSTINCV", "POSTDECV",
	"PREINCP",  "PREDECP",  "POSTINCP", "POSTDECP"
};

DUK_LOCAL const char *duk__bc_extraoptab[256] = {
	"NOP", "INVALID", "LDTHIS", "LDUNDEF", "LDNULL", "LDTRUE", "LDFALSE", "NEWOBJ", "NEWARR", "SETALEN",
	"TYPEOF", "TYPEOFID", "INITENUM", "NEXTENUM", "INITSET", "INITSETI", "INITGET", "INITGETI", "ENDTRY", "ENDCATCH",
	"ENDFIN", "THROW", "INVLHS", "UNM", "UNP", "DEBUGGER", "BREAK", "CONTINUE", "BNOT", "LNOT",
	"INSTOF", "IN", "LABEL", "ENDLABEL", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX",
	"XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX",

	"XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX",
	"XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX",
	"XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX",
	"XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX",
	"XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX",

	"XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX",
	"XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX",
	"XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX",
	"XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX",
	"XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX",

	"XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX",
	"XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX",
	"XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX",
	"XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX",
	"XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX",

	"XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX",
	"XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX",
	"XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX",
	"XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX",
	"XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX",

	"XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX", "XXX"
};

typedef struct duk__dprint_state duk__dprint_state;
struct duk__dprint_state {
	duk_fixedbuffer *fb;

	/* loop_stack_index could be perhaps be replaced by 'depth', but it's nice
	 * to not couple these two mechanisms unnecessarily.
	 */
	duk_hobject *loop_stack[DUK__LOOP_STACK_DEPTH];
	duk_int_t loop_stack_index;
	duk_int_t loop_stack_limit;

	duk_int_t depth;
	duk_int_t depth_limit;

	duk_bool_t pointer;
	duk_bool_t heavy;
	duk_bool_t binary;
	duk_bool_t follow_proto;
	duk_bool_t internal;
	duk_bool_t hexdump;
};

/* helpers */
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__print_hstring(duk__dprint_state *st, duk_hstring *k, duk_bool_t quotes);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__print_hobject(duk__dprint_state *st, duk_hobject *h);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__print_hbuffer(duk__dprint_state *st, duk_hbuffer *h);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__print_tval(duk__dprint_state *st, duk_tval *tv);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__print_instr(duk__dprint_state *st, duk_instr_t ins);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__print_heaphdr(duk__dprint_state *st, duk_heaphdr *h);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__print_shared_heaphdr(duk__dprint_state *st, duk_heaphdr *h);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__print_shared_heaphdr_string(duk__dprint_state *st, duk_heaphdr_string *h);

DUK_LOCAL void duk__print_shared_heaphdr(duk__dprint_state *st, duk_heaphdr *h) {
	duk_fixedbuffer *fb = st->fb;

	if (st->heavy) {
		duk_fb_sprintf(fb, "(%p)", (void *) h);
	}

	if (!h) {
		return;
	}

	if (st->binary) {
		duk_size_t i;
		duk_fb_put_byte(fb, (duk_uint8_t) DUK_ASC_LBRACKET);
		for (i = 0; i < (duk_size_t) sizeof(*h); i++) {
			duk_fb_sprintf(fb, "%02lx", (unsigned long) ((duk_uint8_t *)h)[i]);
		}
		duk_fb_put_byte(fb, (duk_uint8_t) DUK_ASC_RBRACKET);
	}

#ifdef DUK_USE_REFERENCE_COUNTING  /* currently implicitly also DUK_USE_DOUBLE_LINKED_HEAP */
	if (st->heavy) {
		duk_fb_sprintf(fb, "[h_next=%p,h_prev=%p,h_refcount=%lu,h_flags=%08lx,type=%ld,"
		               "reachable=%ld,temproot=%ld,finalizable=%ld,finalized=%ld]",
		               (void *) DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_NEXT(NULL, h),
		               (void *) DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_PREV(NULL, h),
		               (unsigned long) DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_REFCOUNT(h),
		               (unsigned long) DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_FLAGS(h),
		               (long) DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_TYPE(h),
		               (long) (DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_REACHABLE(h) ? 1 : 0),
		               (long) (DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_TEMPROOT(h) ? 1 : 0),
		               (long) (DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_FINALIZABLE(h) ? 1 : 0),
		               (long) (DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_FINALIZED(h) ? 1 : 0));
	}
#else
	if (st->heavy) {
		duk_fb_sprintf(fb, "[h_next=%p,h_flags=%08lx,type=%ld,reachable=%ld,temproot=%ld,finalizable=%ld,finalized=%ld]",
		               (void *) DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_NEXT(NULL, h),
		               (unsigned long) DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_FLAGS(h),
		               (long) DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_TYPE(h),
		               (long) (DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_REACHABLE(h) ? 1 : 0),
		               (long) (DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_TEMPROOT(h) ? 1 : 0),
		               (long) (DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_FINALIZABLE(h) ? 1 : 0),
		               (long) (DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_FINALIZED(h) ? 1 : 0));
	}
#endif
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__print_shared_heaphdr_string(duk__dprint_state *st, duk_heaphdr_string *h) {
	duk_fixedbuffer *fb = st->fb;

	if (st->heavy) {
		duk_fb_sprintf(fb, "(%p)", (void *) h);
	}

	if (!h) {
		return;
	}

	if (st->binary) {
		duk_size_t i;
		duk_fb_put_byte(fb, (duk_uint8_t) DUK_ASC_LBRACKET);
		for (i = 0; i < (duk_size_t) sizeof(*h); i++) {
			duk_fb_sprintf(fb, "%02lx", (unsigned long) ((duk_uint8_t *)h)[i]);
		}
		duk_fb_put_byte(fb, (duk_uint8_t) DUK_ASC_RBRACKET);
	}

#ifdef DUK_USE_REFERENCE_COUNTING
	if (st->heavy) {
		duk_fb_sprintf(fb, "[h_refcount=%lu,h_flags=%08lx,type=%ld,reachable=%ld,temproot=%ld,finalizable=%ld,finalized=%ld]",
		               (unsigned long) DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_REFCOUNT((duk_heaphdr *) h),
		               (unsigned long) DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_FLAGS((duk_heaphdr *) h),
		               (long) DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_TYPE((duk_heaphdr *) h),
		               (long) (DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_REACHABLE((duk_heaphdr *) h) ? 1 : 0),
		               (long) (DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_TEMPROOT((duk_heaphdr *) h) ? 1 : 0),
		               (long) (DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_FINALIZABLE((duk_heaphdr *) h) ? 1 : 0),
		               (long) (DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_FINALIZED((duk_heaphdr *) h) ? 1 : 0));
	}
#else
	if (st->heavy) {
		duk_fb_sprintf(fb, "[h_flags=%08lx,type=%ld,reachable=%ld,temproot=%ld,finalizable=%ld,finalized=%ld]",
		               (unsigned long) DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_FLAGS((duk_heaphdr *) h),
		               (long) DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_TYPE((duk_heaphdr *) h),
		               (long) (DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_REACHABLE((duk_heaphdr *) h) ? 1 : 0),
		               (long) (DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_TEMPROOT((duk_heaphdr *) h) ? 1 : 0),
		               (long) (DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_FINALIZABLE((duk_heaphdr *) h) ? 1 : 0),
		               (long) (DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_FINALIZED((duk_heaphdr *) h) ? 1 : 0));
	}
#endif
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__print_hstring(duk__dprint_state *st, duk_hstring *h, duk_bool_t quotes) {
	duk_fixedbuffer *fb = st->fb;
	const duk_uint8_t *p;
	const duk_uint8_t *p_end;

	/* terminal type: no depth check */

	if (duk_fb_is_full(fb)) {
		return;
	}

	duk__print_shared_heaphdr_string(st, &h->hdr);

	if (!h) {
		duk_fb_put_cstring(fb, "NULL");
		return;
	}

	p = DUK_HSTRING_GET_DATA(h);
	p_end = p + DUK_HSTRING_GET_BYTELEN(h);

	if (p_end > p && p[0] == DUK_ASC_UNDERSCORE) {
		/* if property key begins with underscore, encode it with
		 * forced quotes (e.g. "_Foo") to distinguish it from encoded
		 * internal properties (e.g. \xffBar -> _Bar).
		 */
		quotes = 1;
	}

	if (quotes) {
		duk_fb_put_byte(fb, (duk_uint8_t) DUK_ASC_DOUBLEQUOTE);
	}
	while (p < p_end) {
		duk_uint8_t ch = *p++;

		/* two special escapes: '\' and '"', other printables as is */
		if (ch == '\\') {
			duk_fb_sprintf(fb, "\\\\");
		} else if (ch == '"') {
			duk_fb_sprintf(fb, "\\\"");
		} else if (ch >= 0x20 && ch <= 0x7e) {
			duk_fb_put_byte(fb, ch);
		} else if (ch == 0xff && !quotes) {
			/* encode \xffBar as _Bar if no quotes are applied, this is for
			 * readable internal keys.
			 */
			duk_fb_put_byte(fb, (duk_uint8_t) DUK_ASC_UNDERSCORE);
		} else {
			duk_fb_sprintf(fb, "\\x%02lx", (unsigned long) ch);
		}
	}
	if (quotes) {
		duk_fb_put_byte(fb, (duk_uint8_t) DUK_ASC_DOUBLEQUOTE);
	}
#ifdef DUK_USE_REFERENCE_COUNTING
	/* XXX: limit to quoted strings only, to save keys from being cluttered? */
	duk_fb_sprintf(fb, "/%lu", (unsigned long) DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_REFCOUNT(&h->hdr));
#endif
}

#ifdef DUK__COMMA
#undef DUK__COMMA
#endif
#define DUK__COMMA()  do { \
		if (first) { \
			first = 0; \
		} else { \
			duk_fb_put_byte(fb, (duk_uint8_t) DUK_ASC_COMMA); \
		} \
	} while (0)

DUK_LOCAL void duk__print_hobject(duk__dprint_state *st, duk_hobject *h) {
	duk_fixedbuffer *fb = st->fb;
	duk_uint_fast32_t i;
	duk_tval *tv;
	duk_hstring *key;
	duk_bool_t first = 1;
	const char *brace1 = "{";
	const char *brace2 = "}";
	duk_bool_t pushed_loopstack = 0;

	if (duk_fb_is_full(fb)) {
		return;
	}

	duk__print_shared_heaphdr(st, &h->hdr);

	if (h && DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_ARRAY_PART(h)) {
		brace1 = "[";
		brace2 = "]";
	}

	if (!h) {
		duk_fb_put_cstring(fb, "NULL");
		goto finished;
	}

	if (st->depth >= st->depth_limit) {
		if (DUK_HOBJECT_IS_COMPILEDFUNCTION(h)) {
			duk_fb_sprintf(fb, "%sobject/compiledfunction %p%s", (const char *) brace1, (void *) h, (const char *) brace2);
		} else if (DUK_HOBJECT_IS_NATIVEFUNCTION(h)) {
			duk_fb_sprintf(fb, "%sobject/nativefunction %p%s", (const char *) brace1, (void *) h, (const char *) brace2);
		} else if (DUK_HOBJECT_IS_THREAD(h)) {
			duk_fb_sprintf(fb, "%sobject/thread %p%s", (const char *) brace1, (void *) h, (const char *) brace2);
		} else {
			duk_fb_sprintf(fb, "%sobject %p%s", (const char *) brace1, (void *) h, (const char *) brace2);  /* may be NULL */
		}
		return;
	}

	for (i = 0; i < (duk_uint_fast32_t) st->loop_stack_index; i++) {
		if (st->loop_stack[i] == h) {
			duk_fb_sprintf(fb, "%sLOOP:%p%s", (const char *) brace1, (void *) h, (const char *) brace2);
			return;
		}
	}

	/* after this, return paths should 'goto finished' for decrement */
	st->depth++;

	if (st->loop_stack_index >= st->loop_stack_limit) {
		duk_fb_sprintf(fb, "%sOUT-OF-LOOP-STACK%s", (const char *) brace1, (const char *) brace2);
		goto finished;
	}
	st->loop_stack[st->loop_stack_index++] = h;
	pushed_loopstack = 1;

	/*
	 *  Notation: double underscore used for internal properties which are not
	 *  stored in the property allocation (e.g. '__valstack').
	 */

	duk_fb_put_cstring(fb, brace1);

	if (DUK_HOBJECT_GET_PROPS(NULL, h)) {
		duk_uint32_t a_limit;

		a_limit = DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ASIZE(h);
		if (st->internal) {
			/* dump all allocated entries, unused entries print as 'unused',
			 * note that these may extend beyond current 'length' and look
			 * a bit funny.
			 */
		} else {
			/* leave out trailing 'unused' elements */
			while (a_limit > 0) {
				tv = DUK_HOBJECT_A_GET_VALUE_PTR(NULL, h, a_limit - 1);
				if (!DUK_TVAL_IS_UNUSED(tv)) {
					break;
				}
				a_limit--;
			}
		}

		for (i = 0; i < a_limit; i++) {
			tv = DUK_HOBJECT_A_GET_VALUE_PTR(NULL, h, i);
			DUK__COMMA();
			duk__print_tval(st, tv);
		}
		for (i = 0; i < DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ENEXT(h); i++) {
			key = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_KEY(NULL, h, i);
			if (!key) {
				continue;
			}
			if (!st->internal &&
			    DUK_HSTRING_GET_BYTELEN(key) > 0 &&
			    DUK_HSTRING_GET_DATA(key)[0] == 0xff) {
				/* XXX: use DUK_HSTRING_FLAG_INTERNAL? */
				continue;
			}
			DUK__COMMA();
			duk__print_hstring(st, key, 0);
			duk_fb_put_byte(fb, (duk_uint8_t) DUK_ASC_COLON);
			if (DUK_HOBJECT_E_SLOT_IS_ACCESSOR(NULL, h, i)) {
				duk_fb_sprintf(fb, "[get:%p,set:%p]",
				               (void *) DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE(NULL, h, i).a.get,
				               (void *) DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE(NULL, h, i).a.set);
			} else {
				tv = &DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE(NULL, h, i).v;
				duk__print_tval(st, tv);
			}
			if (st->heavy) {
				duk_fb_sprintf(fb, "<%02lx>", (unsigned long) DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_FLAGS(NULL, h, i));
			}
		}
	}
	if (st->internal) {
		if (DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXTENSIBLE(h)) {
			DUK__COMMA(); duk_fb_sprintf(fb, "__extensible:true");
		} else {
			;
		}
		if (DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_CONSTRUCTABLE(h)) {
			DUK__COMMA(); duk_fb_sprintf(fb, "__constructable:true");
		} else {
			;
		}
		if (DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_BOUND(h)) {
			DUK__COMMA(); duk_fb_sprintf(fb, "__bound:true");
		} else {
			;
		}
		if (DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_COMPILEDFUNCTION(h)) {
			DUK__COMMA(); duk_fb_sprintf(fb, "__compiledfunction:true");
		} else {
			;
		}
		if (DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_NATIVEFUNCTION(h)) {
			DUK__COMMA(); duk_fb_sprintf(fb, "__nativefunction:true");
		} else {
			;
		}
		if (DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_THREAD(h)) {
			DUK__COMMA(); duk_fb_sprintf(fb, "__thread:true");
		} else {
			;
		}
		if (DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_ARRAY_PART(h)) {
			DUK__COMMA(); duk_fb_sprintf(fb, "__array_part:true");
		} else {
			;
		}
		if (DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_STRICT(h)) {
			DUK__COMMA(); duk_fb_sprintf(fb, "__strict:true");
		} else {
			;
		}
		if (DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_NEWENV(h)) {
			DUK__COMMA(); duk_fb_sprintf(fb, "__newenv:true");
		} else {
			;
		}
		if (DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_NAMEBINDING(h)) {
			DUK__COMMA(); duk_fb_sprintf(fb, "__namebinding:true");
		} else {
			;
		}
		if (DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_CREATEARGS(h)) {
			DUK__COMMA(); duk_fb_sprintf(fb, "__createargs:true");
		} else {
			;
		}
		if (DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_ENVRECCLOSED(h)) {
			DUK__COMMA(); duk_fb_sprintf(fb, "__envrecclosed:true");
		} else {
			;
		}
		if (DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_ARRAY(h)) {
			DUK__COMMA(); duk_fb_sprintf(fb, "__exotic_array:true");
		} else {
			;
		}
		if (DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_STRINGOBJ(h)) {
			DUK__COMMA(); duk_fb_sprintf(fb, "__exotic_stringobj:true");
		} else {
			;
		}
		if (DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_ARGUMENTS(h)) {
			DUK__COMMA(); duk_fb_sprintf(fb, "__exotic_arguments:true");
		} else {
			;
		}
		if (DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_DUKFUNC(h)) {
			DUK__COMMA(); duk_fb_sprintf(fb, "__exotic_dukfunc:true");
		} else {
			;
		}
		if (DUK_HOBJECT_IS_BUFFEROBJECT(h)) {
			DUK__COMMA(); duk_fb_sprintf(fb, "__exotic_bufferobj:true");
		} else {
			;
		}
		if (DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_PROXYOBJ(h)) {
			DUK__COMMA(); duk_fb_sprintf(fb, "__exotic_proxyobj:true");
		} else {
			;
		}
	}
	if (st->internal && DUK_HOBJECT_IS_COMPILEDFUNCTION(h)) {
		duk_hcompiledfunction *f = (duk_hcompiledfunction *) h;
		DUK__COMMA(); duk_fb_put_cstring(fb, "__data:");
		duk__print_hbuffer(st, (duk_hbuffer *) DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_DATA(NULL, f));
		DUK__COMMA(); duk_fb_sprintf(fb, "__nregs:%ld", (long) f->nregs);
		DUK__COMMA(); duk_fb_sprintf(fb, "__nargs:%ld", (long) f->nargs);
#if defined(DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_SUPPORT)
		DUK__COMMA(); duk_fb_sprintf(fb, "__start_line:%ld", (long) f->start_line);
		DUK__COMMA(); duk_fb_sprintf(fb, "__end_line:%ld", (long) f->end_line);
#endif
		DUK__COMMA(); duk_fb_put_cstring(fb, "__data:");
		duk__print_hbuffer(st, (duk_hbuffer *) DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_DATA(NULL, f));
	} else if (st->internal && DUK_HOBJECT_IS_NATIVEFUNCTION(h)) {
		duk_hnativefunction *f = (duk_hnativefunction *) h;
		DUK__COMMA(); duk_fb_sprintf(fb, "__func:");
		duk_fb_put_funcptr(fb, (duk_uint8_t *) &f->func, sizeof(f->func));
		DUK__COMMA(); duk_fb_sprintf(fb, "__nargs:%ld", (long) f->nargs);
		DUK__COMMA(); duk_fb_sprintf(fb, "__magic:%ld", (long) f->magic);
	} else if (st->internal && DUK_HOBJECT_IS_BUFFEROBJECT(h)) {
		duk_hbufferobject *b = (duk_hbufferobject *) h;
		DUK__COMMA(); duk_fb_sprintf(fb, "__buf:");
		duk__print_hbuffer(st, (duk_hbuffer *) b->buf);
		DUK__COMMA(); duk_fb_sprintf(fb, "__offset:%ld", (long) b->offset);
		DUK__COMMA(); duk_fb_sprintf(fb, "__length:%ld", (long) b->length);
		DUK__COMMA(); duk_fb_sprintf(fb, "__shift:%ld", (long) b->shift);
		DUK__COMMA(); duk_fb_sprintf(fb, "__elemtype:%ld", (long) b->elem_type);
	} else if (st->internal && DUK_HOBJECT_IS_THREAD(h)) {
		duk_hthread *t = (duk_hthread *) h;
		DUK__COMMA(); duk_fb_sprintf(fb, "__strict:%ld", (long) t->strict);
		DUK__COMMA(); duk_fb_sprintf(fb, "__state:%ld", (long) t->state);
		DUK__COMMA(); duk_fb_sprintf(fb, "__unused1:%ld", (long) t->unused1);
		DUK__COMMA(); duk_fb_sprintf(fb, "__unused2:%ld", (long) t->unused2);
		DUK__COMMA(); duk_fb_sprintf(fb, "__valstack_max:%ld", (long) t->valstack_max);
		DUK__COMMA(); duk_fb_sprintf(fb, "__callstack_max:%ld", (long) t->callstack_max);
		DUK__COMMA(); duk_fb_sprintf(fb, "__catchstack_max:%ld", (long) t->catchstack_max);
		DUK__COMMA(); duk_fb_sprintf(fb, "__valstack:%p", (void *) t->valstack);
		DUK__COMMA(); duk_fb_sprintf(fb, "__valstack_end:%p/%ld", (void *) t->valstack_end, (long) (t->valstack_end - t->valstack));
		DUK__COMMA(); duk_fb_sprintf(fb, "__valstack_bottom:%p/%ld", (void *) t->valstack_bottom, (long) (t->valstack_bottom - t->valstack));
		DUK__COMMA(); duk_fb_sprintf(fb, "__valstack_top:%p/%ld", (void *) t->valstack_top, (long) (t->valstack_top - t->valstack));
		DUK__COMMA(); duk_fb_sprintf(fb, "__catchstack:%p", (void *) t->catchstack);
		DUK__COMMA(); duk_fb_sprintf(fb, "__catchstack_size:%ld", (long) t->catchstack_size);
		DUK__COMMA(); duk_fb_sprintf(fb, "__catchstack_top:%ld", (long) t->catchstack_top);
		DUK__COMMA(); duk_fb_sprintf(fb, "__resumer:"); duk__print_hobject(st, (duk_hobject *) t->resumer);
		/* XXX: print built-ins array? */

	}
#ifdef DUK_USE_REFERENCE_COUNTING
	if (st->internal) {
		DUK__COMMA(); duk_fb_sprintf(fb, "__refcount:%lu", (unsigned long) DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_REFCOUNT((duk_heaphdr *) h));
	}
#endif
	if (st->internal) {
		DUK__COMMA(); duk_fb_sprintf(fb, "__class:%ld", (long) DUK_HOBJECT_GET_CLASS_NUMBER(h));
	}

	DUK__COMMA(); duk_fb_sprintf(fb, "__heapptr:%p", (void *) h);  /* own pointer */

	/* prototype should be last, for readability */
	if (DUK_HOBJECT_GET_PROTOTYPE(NULL, h)) {
		if (st->follow_proto) {
			DUK__COMMA(); duk_fb_put_cstring(fb, "__prototype:"); duk__print_hobject(st, DUK_HOBJECT_GET_PROTOTYPE(NULL, h));
		} else {
			DUK__COMMA(); duk_fb_sprintf(fb, "__prototype:%p", (void *) DUK_HOBJECT_GET_PROTOTYPE(NULL, h));
		}
	}

	duk_fb_put_cstring(fb, brace2);

#if defined(DUK_USE_HOBJECT_HASH_PART)
	if (st->heavy && DUK_HOBJECT_GET_HSIZE(h) > 0) {
		duk_fb_put_byte(fb, (duk_uint8_t) DUK_ASC_LANGLE);
		for (i = 0; i < DUK_HOBJECT_GET_HSIZE(h); i++) {
			duk_uint_t h_idx = DUK_HOBJECT_H_GET_INDEX(NULL, h, i);
			if (i > 0) {
				duk_fb_put_byte(fb, (duk_uint8_t) DUK_ASC_COMMA);
			}
			if (h_idx == DUK_HOBJECT_HASHIDX_UNUSED) {
				duk_fb_sprintf(fb, "u");
			} else if (h_idx == DUK_HOBJECT_HASHIDX_DELETED) {
				duk_fb_sprintf(fb, "d");
			} else {
				duk_fb_sprintf(fb, "%ld", (long) h_idx);
			}
		}
		duk_fb_put_byte(fb, (duk_uint8_t) DUK_ASC_RANGLE);
	}
#endif

 finished:
	st->depth--;
	if (pushed_loopstack) {
		st->loop_stack_index--;
		st->loop_stack[st->loop_stack_index] = NULL;
	}
}

#undef DUK__COMMA

DUK_LOCAL void duk__print_hbuffer(duk__dprint_state *st, duk_hbuffer *h) {
	duk_fixedbuffer *fb = st->fb;
	duk_size_t i, n;
	duk_uint8_t *p;

	if (duk_fb_is_full(fb)) {
		return;
	}

	/* terminal type: no depth check */

	if (!h) {
		duk_fb_put_cstring(fb, "NULL");
		return;
	}

	if (DUK_HBUFFER_HAS_DYNAMIC(h)) {
		if (DUK_HBUFFER_HAS_EXTERNAL(h)) {
			duk_hbuffer_external *g = (duk_hbuffer_external *) h;
			duk_fb_sprintf(fb, "buffer:external:%p:%ld",
			               (void *) DUK_HBUFFER_EXTERNAL_GET_DATA_PTR(NULL, g),
			               (long) DUK_HBUFFER_EXTERNAL_GET_SIZE(g));
		} else {
			duk_hbuffer_dynamic *g = (duk_hbuffer_dynamic *) h;
			duk_fb_sprintf(fb, "buffer:dynamic:%p:%ld",
			               (void *) DUK_HBUFFER_DYNAMIC_GET_DATA_PTR(NULL, g),
			               (long) DUK_HBUFFER_DYNAMIC_GET_SIZE(g));
		}
	} else {
		duk_fb_sprintf(fb, "buffer:fixed:%ld", (long) DUK_HBUFFER_GET_SIZE(h));
	}

#ifdef DUK_USE_REFERENCE_COUNTING
	duk_fb_sprintf(fb, "/%lu", (unsigned long) DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_REFCOUNT(&h->hdr));
#endif

	if (st->hexdump) {
		duk_fb_sprintf(fb, "=[");
		n = DUK_HBUFFER_GET_SIZE(h);
		p = (duk_uint8_t *) DUK_HBUFFER_GET_DATA_PTR(NULL, h);
		for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
			duk_fb_sprintf(fb, "%02lx", (unsigned long) p[i]);
		}
		duk_fb_sprintf(fb, "]");
	}
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__print_heaphdr(duk__dprint_state *st, duk_heaphdr *h) {
	duk_fixedbuffer *fb = st->fb;

	if (duk_fb_is_full(fb)) {
		return;
	}

	if (!h) {
		duk_fb_put_cstring(fb, "NULL");
		return;
	}

	switch (DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_TYPE(h)) {
	case DUK_HTYPE_STRING:
		duk__print_hstring(st, (duk_hstring *) h, 1);
		break;
	case DUK_HTYPE_OBJECT:
		duk__print_hobject(st, (duk_hobject *) h);
		break;
	case DUK_HTYPE_BUFFER:
		duk__print_hbuffer(st, (duk_hbuffer *) h);
		break;
	default:
		duk_fb_sprintf(fb, "[unknown htype %ld]", (long) DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_TYPE(h));
		break;
	}
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__print_tval(duk__dprint_state *st, duk_tval *tv) {
	duk_fixedbuffer *fb = st->fb;

	if (duk_fb_is_full(fb)) {
		return;
	}

	/* depth check is done when printing an actual type */

	if (st->heavy) {
		duk_fb_sprintf(fb, "(%p)", (void *) tv);
	}

	if (!tv) {
		duk_fb_put_cstring(fb, "NULL");
		return;
	}

	if (st->binary) {
		duk_size_t i;
		duk_fb_put_byte(fb, (duk_uint8_t) DUK_ASC_LBRACKET);
		for (i = 0; i < (duk_size_t) sizeof(*tv); i++) {
			duk_fb_sprintf(fb, "%02lx", (unsigned long) ((duk_uint8_t *)tv)[i]);
		}
		duk_fb_put_byte(fb, (duk_uint8_t) DUK_ASC_RBRACKET);
	}

	if (st->heavy) {
		duk_fb_put_byte(fb, (duk_uint8_t) DUK_ASC_LANGLE);
	}
	switch (DUK_TVAL_GET_TAG(tv)) {
	case DUK_TAG_UNDEFINED: {
		duk_fb_put_cstring(fb, "undefined");
		break;
	}
	case DUK_TAG_UNUSED: {
		duk_fb_put_cstring(fb, "unused");
		break;
	}
	case DUK_TAG_NULL: {
		duk_fb_put_cstring(fb, "null");
		break;
	}
	case DUK_TAG_BOOLEAN: {
		duk_fb_put_cstring(fb, DUK_TVAL_GET_BOOLEAN(tv) ? "true" : "false");
		break;
	}
	case DUK_TAG_STRING: {
		/* Note: string is a terminal heap object, so no depth check here */
		duk__print_hstring(st, DUK_TVAL_GET_STRING(tv), 1);
		break;
	}
	case DUK_TAG_OBJECT: {
		duk__print_hobject(st, DUK_TVAL_GET_OBJECT(tv));
		break;
	}
	case DUK_TAG_BUFFER: {
		duk__print_hbuffer(st, DUK_TVAL_GET_BUFFER(tv));
		break;
	}
	case DUK_TAG_POINTER: {
		duk_fb_sprintf(fb, "pointer:%p", (void *) DUK_TVAL_GET_POINTER(tv));
		break;
	}
	case DUK_TAG_LIGHTFUNC: {
		duk_c_function func;
		duk_small_uint_t lf_flags;

		DUK_TVAL_GET_LIGHTFUNC(tv, func, lf_flags);
		duk_fb_sprintf(fb, "lightfunc:");
		duk_fb_put_funcptr(fb, (duk_uint8_t *) &func, sizeof(func));
		duk_fb_sprintf(fb, ":%04lx", (long) lf_flags);
		break;
	}
#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
	case DUK_TAG_FASTINT:
#endif
	default: {
		/* IEEE double is approximately 16 decimal digits; print a couple extra */
		DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_TVAL_IS_UNUSED(tv));
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv));
		duk_fb_sprintf(fb, "%.18g", (double) DUK_TVAL_GET_NUMBER(tv));
		break;
	}
	}
	if (st->heavy) {
		duk_fb_put_byte(fb, (duk_uint8_t) DUK_ASC_RANGLE);
	}
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__print_instr(duk__dprint_state *st, duk_instr_t ins) {
	duk_fixedbuffer *fb = st->fb;
	duk_small_int_t op;
	const char *op_name;
	const char *extraop_name;

	op = (duk_small_int_t) DUK_DEC_OP(ins);
	op_name = duk__bc_optab[op];

	/* XXX: option to fix opcode length so it lines up nicely */

	if (op == DUK_OP_EXTRA) {
		extraop_name = duk__bc_extraoptab[DUK_DEC_A(ins)];

		duk_fb_sprintf(fb, "%s %ld, %ld",
		               (const char *) extraop_name, (long) DUK_DEC_B(ins), (long) DUK_DEC_C(ins));
	} else if (op == DUK_OP_JUMP) {
		duk_int_t diff1 = DUK_DEC_ABC(ins) - DUK_BC_JUMP_BIAS;  /* from next pc */
		duk_int_t diff2 = diff1 + 1;                            /* from curr pc */

		duk_fb_sprintf(fb, "%s %ld (to pc%c%ld)",
		               (const char *) op_name, (long) diff1,
		               (int) (diff2 >= 0 ? '+' : '-'),  /* char format: use int */
		               (long) (diff2 >= 0 ? diff2 : -diff2));
	} else {
		duk_fb_sprintf(fb, "%s %ld, %ld, %ld",
		               (const char *) op_name, (long) DUK_DEC_A(ins),
		               (long) DUK_DEC_B(ins), (long) DUK_DEC_C(ins));
	}
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__print_opcode(duk__dprint_state *st, duk_small_int_t opcode) {
	duk_fixedbuffer *fb = st->fb;

	if (opcode < DUK_BC_OP_MIN || opcode > DUK_BC_OP_MAX) {
		duk_fb_sprintf(fb, "?(%ld)", (long) opcode);
	} else {
		duk_fb_sprintf(fb, "%s", (const char *) duk__bc_optab[opcode]);
	}
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_int_t duk_debug_vsnprintf(char *str, duk_size_t size, const char *format, va_list ap) {
	duk_fixedbuffer fb;
	const char *p = format;
	const char *p_end = p + DUK_STRLEN(format);
	duk_int_t retval;

	DUK_MEMZERO(&fb, sizeof(fb));
	fb.buffer = (duk_uint8_t *) str;
	fb.length = size;
	fb.offset = 0;
	fb.truncated = 0;

	while (p < p_end) {
		char ch = *p++;
		const char *p_begfmt = NULL;
		duk_bool_t got_exclamation = 0;
		duk_bool_t got_long = 0;  /* %lf, %ld etc */
		duk__dprint_state st;

		if (ch != DUK_ASC_PERCENT) {
			duk_fb_put_byte(&fb, (duk_uint8_t) ch);
			continue;
		}

		/*
		 *  Format tag parsing.  Since we don't understand all the
		 *  possible format tags allowed, we just scan for a terminating
		 *  specifier and keep track of relevant modifiers that we do
		 *  understand.  See man 3 printf.
		 */

		DUK_MEMZERO(&st, sizeof(st));
		st.fb = &fb;
		st.depth = 0;
		st.depth_limit = 1;
		st.loop_stack_index = 0;
		st.loop_stack_limit = DUK__LOOP_STACK_DEPTH;

		p_begfmt = p - 1;
		while (p < p_end) {
			ch = *p++;

			if (ch == DUK_ASC_STAR) {
				/* unsupported: would consume multiple args */
				goto error;
			} else if (ch == DUK_ASC_PERCENT) {
				duk_fb_put_byte(&fb, (duk_uint8_t) DUK_ASC_PERCENT);
				break;
			} else if (ch == DUK_ASC_EXCLAMATION) {
				got_exclamation = 1;
			} else if (!got_exclamation && ch == DUK_ASC_LC_L) {
				got_long = 1;
			} else if (got_exclamation && ch == DUK_ASC_LC_D) {
				st.depth_limit = DUK__DEEP_DEPTH_LIMIT;
			} else if (got_exclamation && ch == DUK_ASC_LC_P) {
				st.follow_proto = 1;
			} else if (got_exclamation && ch == DUK_ASC_LC_I) {
				st.internal = 1;
			} else if (got_exclamation && ch == DUK_ASC_LC_X) {
				st.hexdump = 1;
			} else if (got_exclamation && ch == DUK_ASC_LC_H) {
				st.heavy = 1;
			} else if (got_exclamation && ch == DUK_ASC_ATSIGN) {
				st.pointer = 1;
			} else if (got_exclamation && ch == DUK_ASC_HASH) {
				st.binary = 1;
			} else if (got_exclamation && ch == DUK_ASC_UC_T) {
				duk_tval *t = va_arg(ap, duk_tval *);
				if (st.pointer && !st.heavy) {
					duk_fb_sprintf(&fb, "(%p)", (void *) t);
				}
				duk__print_tval(&st, t);
				break;
			} else if (got_exclamation && ch == DUK_ASC_UC_O) {
				duk_heaphdr *t = va_arg(ap, duk_heaphdr *);
				if (st.pointer && !st.heavy) {
					duk_fb_sprintf(&fb, "(%p)", (void *) t);
				}
				duk__print_heaphdr(&st, t);
				break;
			} else if (got_exclamation && ch == DUK_ASC_UC_I) {
				duk_instr_t t = va_arg(ap, duk_instr_t);
				duk__print_instr(&st, t);
				break;
			} else if (got_exclamation && ch == DUK_ASC_UC_C) {
				long t = va_arg(ap, long);
				duk__print_opcode(&st, (duk_small_int_t) t);
				break;
			} else if (!got_exclamation && strchr(DUK__ALLOWED_STANDARD_SPECIFIERS, (int) ch)) {
				char fmtbuf[DUK__MAX_FORMAT_TAG_LENGTH];
				duk_size_t fmtlen;

				DUK_ASSERT(p >= p_begfmt);
				fmtlen = (duk_size_t) (p - p_begfmt);
				if (fmtlen >= sizeof(fmtbuf)) {
					/* format is too large, abort */
					goto error;
				}
				DUK_MEMZERO(fmtbuf, sizeof(fmtbuf));
				DUK_MEMCPY(fmtbuf, p_begfmt, fmtlen);

				/* assume exactly 1 arg, which is why '*' is forbidden; arg size still
				 * depends on type though.
				 */

				if (ch == DUK_ASC_LC_F || ch == DUK_ASC_LC_G || ch == DUK_ASC_LC_E) {
					/* %f and %lf both consume a 'long' */
					double arg = va_arg(ap, double);
					duk_fb_sprintf(&fb, fmtbuf, arg);
				} else if (ch == DUK_ASC_LC_D && got_long) {
					/* %ld */
					long arg = va_arg(ap, long);
					duk_fb_sprintf(&fb, fmtbuf, arg);
				} else if (ch == DUK_ASC_LC_D) {
					/* %d; only 16 bits are guaranteed */
					int arg = va_arg(ap, int);
					duk_fb_sprintf(&fb, fmtbuf, arg);
				} else if (ch == DUK_ASC_LC_U && got_long) {
					/* %lu */
					unsigned long arg = va_arg(ap, unsigned long);
					duk_fb_sprintf(&fb, fmtbuf, arg);
				} else if (ch == DUK_ASC_LC_U) {
					/* %u; only 16 bits are guaranteed */
					unsigned int arg = va_arg(ap, unsigned int);
					duk_fb_sprintf(&fb, fmtbuf, arg);
				} else if (ch == DUK_ASC_LC_X && got_long) {
					/* %lx */
					unsigned long arg = va_arg(ap, unsigned long);
					duk_fb_sprintf(&fb, fmtbuf, arg);
				} else if (ch == DUK_ASC_LC_X) {
					/* %x; only 16 bits are guaranteed */
					unsigned int arg = va_arg(ap, unsigned int);
					duk_fb_sprintf(&fb, fmtbuf, arg);
				} else if (ch == DUK_ASC_LC_S) {
					/* %s */
					const char *arg = va_arg(ap, const char *);
					if (arg == NULL) {
						/* '%s' and NULL is not portable, so special case
						 * it for debug printing.
						 */
						duk_fb_sprintf(&fb, "NULL");
					} else {
						duk_fb_sprintf(&fb, fmtbuf, arg);
					}
				} else if (ch == DUK_ASC_LC_P) {
					/* %p */
					void *arg = va_arg(ap, void *);
					if (arg == NULL) {
						/* '%p' and NULL is portable, but special case it
						 * anyway to get a standard NULL marker in logs.
						 */
						duk_fb_sprintf(&fb, "NULL");
					} else {
						duk_fb_sprintf(&fb, fmtbuf, arg);
					}
				} else if (ch == DUK_ASC_LC_C) {
					/* '%c', passed concretely as int */
					int arg = va_arg(ap, int);
					duk_fb_sprintf(&fb, fmtbuf, arg);
				} else {
					/* Should not happen. */
					duk_fb_sprintf(&fb, "INVALID-FORMAT(%s)", (const char *) fmtbuf);
				}
				break;
			} else {
				/* ignore */
			}
		}
	}
	goto done;

 error:
	duk_fb_put_cstring(&fb, "FMTERR");
	/* fall through */

 done:
	retval = (duk_int_t) fb.offset;
	duk_fb_put_byte(&fb, (duk_uint8_t) 0);

	/* return total chars written excluding terminator */
	return retval;
}

#if 0  /*unused*/
DUK_INTERNAL duk_int_t duk_debug_snprintf(char *str, duk_size_t size, const char *format, ...) {
	duk_int_t retval;
	va_list ap;
	va_start(ap, format);
	retval = duk_debug_vsnprintf(str, size, format, ap);
	va_end(ap);
	return retval;
}
#endif

/* Formatting function pointers is tricky: there is no standard pointer for
 * function pointers and the size of a function pointer may depend on the
 * specific pointer type.  This helper formats a function pointer based on
 * its memory layout to get something useful on most platforms.
 */
DUK_INTERNAL void duk_debug_format_funcptr(char *buf, duk_size_t buf_size, duk_uint8_t *fptr, duk_size_t fptr_size) {
	duk_size_t i;
	duk_uint8_t *p = (duk_uint8_t *) buf;
	duk_uint8_t *p_end = (duk_uint8_t *) (buf + buf_size - 1);

	DUK_MEMZERO(buf, buf_size);

	for (i = 0; i < fptr_size; i++) {
		duk_int_t left = (duk_int_t) (p_end - p);
		duk_uint8_t ch;
		if (left <= 0) {
			break;
		}

		/* Quite approximate but should be useful for little and big endian. */
#ifdef DUK_USE_INTEGER_BE
		ch = fptr[i];
#else
		ch = fptr[fptr_size - 1 - i];
#endif
		p += DUK_SNPRINTF((char *) p, left, "%02lx", (unsigned long) ch);
	}
}

#endif  /* DUK_USE_DEBUG */
/*
 *  Duktape debugger
 */

/* include removed: duk_internal.h */

#if defined(DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_SUPPORT)

/*
 *  Helper structs
 */

typedef union {
	void *p;
	duk_uint_t b[1];
	/* Use b[] to access the size of the union, which is strictly not
	 * correct.  Can't use fixed size unless there's feature detection
	 * for pointer byte size.
	 */
} duk__ptr_union;

/*
 *  Detach handling
 */

#define DUK__SET_CONN_BROKEN(thr,reason) do { \
		/* For now shared handler is fine. */ \
		duk__debug_do_detach1((thr)->heap, (reason)); \
	} while (0)

DUK_LOCAL void duk__debug_do_detach1(duk_heap *heap, duk_int_t reason) {
	/* Can be called multiple times with no harm.  Mark the transport
	 * bad (dbg_read_cb == NULL) and clear state except for the detached
	 * callback and the udata field.  The detached callback is delayed
	 * to the message loop so that it can be called between messages;
	 * this avoids corner cases related to immediate debugger reattach
	 * inside the detached callback.
	 */

	if (heap->dbg_detaching) {
		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("debugger already detaching, ignore detach1"));
		return;
	}

	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("debugger transport detaching, marking transport broken"));

	heap->dbg_detaching = 1;  /* prevent multiple in-progress detaches */

	if (heap->dbg_write_cb != NULL) {
		duk_hthread *thr;

		thr = heap->heap_thread;
		DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);

		duk_debug_write_notify(thr, DUK_DBG_CMD_DETACHING);
		duk_debug_write_int(thr, reason);
		duk_debug_write_eom(thr);
	}

	heap->dbg_read_cb = NULL;
	heap->dbg_write_cb = NULL;
	heap->dbg_peek_cb = NULL;
	heap->dbg_read_flush_cb = NULL;
	heap->dbg_write_flush_cb = NULL;
	heap->dbg_request_cb = NULL;
	/* heap->dbg_detached_cb: keep */
	/* heap->dbg_udata: keep */
	/* heap->dbg_processing: keep on purpose to avoid debugger re-entry in detaching state */
	heap->dbg_paused = 0;
	heap->dbg_state_dirty = 0;
	heap->dbg_force_restart = 0;
	heap->dbg_step_type = 0;
	heap->dbg_step_thread = NULL;
	heap->dbg_step_csindex = 0;
	heap->dbg_step_startline = 0;
	heap->dbg_have_next_byte = 0;

	/* Ensure there are no stale active breakpoint pointers.
	 * Breakpoint list is currently kept - we could empty it
	 * here but we'd need to handle refcounts correctly, and
	 * we'd need a 'thr' reference for that.
	 *
	 * XXX: clear breakpoint on either attach or detach?
	 */
	heap->dbg_breakpoints_active[0] = (duk_breakpoint *) NULL;
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__debug_do_detach2(duk_heap *heap) {
	duk_debug_detached_function detached_cb;
	void *detached_udata;

	/* Safe to call multiple times. */

	detached_cb = heap->dbg_detached_cb;
	detached_udata = heap->dbg_udata;
	heap->dbg_detached_cb = NULL;
	heap->dbg_udata = NULL;

	if (detached_cb) {
		/* Careful here: state must be wiped before the call
		 * so that we can cleanly handle a re-attach from
		 * inside the callback.
		 */
		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("detached during message loop, delayed call to detached_cb"));
		detached_cb(detached_udata);
	}

	heap->dbg_detaching = 0;
}

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_debug_do_detach(duk_heap *heap) {
	duk__debug_do_detach1(heap, 0);
	duk__debug_do_detach2(heap);
}

/* Called on a read/write error: NULL all callbacks except the detached
 * callback so that we never accidentally call them after a read/write
 * error has been indicated.  This is especially important for the transport
 * I/O callbacks to fulfill guaranteed callback semantics.
 */
DUK_LOCAL void duk__debug_null_most_callbacks(duk_hthread *thr) {
	duk_heap *heap;
	heap = thr->heap;
	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("transport read/write error, NULL all callbacks expected detached"));
	heap->dbg_read_cb = NULL;
	heap->dbg_write_cb = NULL;  /* this is especially critical to avoid another write call in detach1() */
	heap->dbg_peek_cb = NULL;
	heap->dbg_read_flush_cb = NULL;
	heap->dbg_write_flush_cb = NULL;
	heap->dbg_request_cb = NULL;
	/* keep heap->dbg_detached_cb */
}

/*
 *  Debug connection peek and flush primitives
 */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_debug_read_peek(duk_hthread *thr) {
	duk_heap *heap;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	heap = thr->heap;
	DUK_ASSERT(heap != NULL);

	if (heap->dbg_read_cb == NULL) {
		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("attempt to peek in detached state, return zero (= no data)"));
		return 0;
	}
	if (heap->dbg_peek_cb == NULL) {
		DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("no peek callback, return zero (= no data)"));
		return 0;
	}

	return (duk_bool_t) (heap->dbg_peek_cb(heap->dbg_udata) > 0);
}

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_debug_read_flush(duk_hthread *thr) {
	duk_heap *heap;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	heap = thr->heap;
	DUK_ASSERT(heap != NULL);

	if (heap->dbg_read_cb == NULL) {
		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("attempt to read flush in detached state, ignore"));
		return;
	}
	if (heap->dbg_read_flush_cb == NULL) {
		DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("no read flush callback, ignore"));
		return;
	}

	heap->dbg_read_flush_cb(heap->dbg_udata);
}

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_debug_write_flush(duk_hthread *thr) {
	duk_heap *heap;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	heap = thr->heap;
	DUK_ASSERT(heap != NULL);

	if (heap->dbg_read_cb == NULL) {
		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("attempt to write flush in detached state, ignore"));
		return;
	}
	if (heap->dbg_write_flush_cb == NULL) {
		DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("no write flush callback, ignore"));
		return;
	}

	heap->dbg_write_flush_cb(heap->dbg_udata);
}

/*
 *  Debug connection skip primitives
 */

/* Skip fully. */
DUK_INTERNAL void duk_debug_skip_bytes(duk_hthread *thr, duk_size_t length) {
	duk_uint8_t dummy[64];
	duk_size_t now;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);

	while (length > 0) {
		now = (length > sizeof(dummy) ? sizeof(dummy) : length);
		duk_debug_read_bytes(thr, dummy, now);
		length -= now;
	}
}

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_debug_skip_byte(duk_hthread *thr) {
	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);

	(void) duk_debug_read_byte(thr);
}

/*
 *  Debug connection read primitives
 */

/* Peek ahead in the stream one byte. */
DUK_INTERNAL uint8_t duk_debug_peek_byte(duk_hthread *thr) {
	/* It is important not to call this if the last byte read was an EOM.
	 * Reading ahead in this scenario would cause unnecessary blocking if
	 * another message is not available.
	 */

	duk_uint8_t x;

	x = duk_debug_read_byte(thr);
	thr->heap->dbg_have_next_byte = 1;
	thr->heap->dbg_next_byte = x;
	return x;
}

/* Read fully. */
DUK_INTERNAL void duk_debug_read_bytes(duk_hthread *thr, duk_uint8_t *data, duk_size_t length) {
	duk_heap *heap;
	duk_uint8_t *p;
	duk_size_t left;
	duk_size_t got;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	heap = thr->heap;
	DUK_ASSERT(heap != NULL);

	if (heap->dbg_read_cb == NULL) {
		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("attempt to read %ld bytes in detached state, return zero data", (long) length));
		goto fail;
	}

	/* NOTE: length may be zero */
	p = data;
	if (length >= 1 && heap->dbg_have_next_byte) {
		heap->dbg_have_next_byte = 0;
		*p++ = heap->dbg_next_byte;
	}
	for (;;) {
		left = (duk_size_t) ((data + length) - p);
		if (left == 0) {
			break;
		}
		DUK_ASSERT(heap->dbg_read_cb != NULL);
		DUK_ASSERT(left >= 1);
#if defined(DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_TRANSPORT_TORTURE)
		left = 1;
#endif
		got = heap->dbg_read_cb(heap->dbg_udata, (char *) p, left);
		if (got == 0 || got > left) {
			DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("connection error during read, return zero data"));
			duk__debug_null_most_callbacks(thr);  /* avoid calling write callback in detach1() */
			DUK__SET_CONN_BROKEN(thr, 1);
			goto fail;
		}
		p += got;
	}
	return;

 fail:
	DUK_MEMZERO((void *) data, (size_t) length);
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_uint8_t duk_debug_read_byte(duk_hthread *thr) {
	duk_uint8_t x;

	x = 0;  /* just in case callback is broken and won't write 'x' */
	duk_debug_read_bytes(thr, &x, 1);
	return x;
}

DUK_LOCAL duk_uint32_t duk__debug_read_uint32_raw(duk_hthread *thr) {
	duk_uint8_t buf[4];

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);

	duk_debug_read_bytes(thr, buf, 4);
	return ((duk_uint32_t) buf[0] << 24) |
	       ((duk_uint32_t) buf[1] << 16) |
	       ((duk_uint32_t) buf[2] << 8) |
	       (duk_uint32_t) buf[3];
}

DUK_LOCAL duk_uint32_t duk__debug_read_int32_raw(duk_hthread *thr) {
	return (duk_int32_t) duk__debug_read_uint32_raw(thr);
}

DUK_LOCAL duk_uint16_t duk__debug_read_uint16_raw(duk_hthread *thr) {
	duk_uint8_t buf[2];

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);

	duk_debug_read_bytes(thr, buf, 2);
	return ((duk_uint16_t) buf[0] << 8) |
	       (duk_uint16_t) buf[1];
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_int32_t duk_debug_read_int(duk_hthread *thr) {
	duk_small_uint_t x;
	duk_small_uint_t t;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);

	x = duk_debug_read_byte(thr);
	if (x >= 0xc0) {
		t = duk_debug_read_byte(thr);
		return (duk_int32_t) (((x - 0xc0) << 8) + t);
	} else if (x >= 0x80) {
		return (duk_int32_t) (x - 0x80);
	} else if (x == DUK_DBG_IB_INT4) {
		return (duk_int32_t) duk__debug_read_uint32_raw(thr);
	}

	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("debug connection error: failed to decode int"));
	DUK__SET_CONN_BROKEN(thr, 1);
	return 0;
}

DUK_LOCAL duk_hstring *duk__debug_read_hstring_raw(duk_hthread *thr, duk_uint32_t len) {
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk_uint8_t buf[31];
	duk_uint8_t *p;

	if (len <= sizeof(buf)) {
		duk_debug_read_bytes(thr, buf, (duk_size_t) len);
		duk_push_lstring(ctx, (const char *) buf, (duk_size_t) len);
	} else {
		p = (duk_uint8_t *) duk_push_fixed_buffer(ctx, (duk_size_t) len);
		DUK_ASSERT(p != NULL);
		duk_debug_read_bytes(thr, p, (duk_size_t) len);
		duk_to_string(ctx, -1);
	}

	return duk_require_hstring(ctx, -1);
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_hstring *duk_debug_read_hstring(duk_hthread *thr) {
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk_small_uint_t x;
	duk_uint32_t len;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);

	x = duk_debug_read_byte(thr);
	if (x >= 0x60 && x <= 0x7f) {
		/* For short strings, use a fixed temp buffer. */
		len = (duk_uint32_t) (x - 0x60);
	} else if (x == DUK_DBG_IB_STR2) {
		len = (duk_uint32_t) duk__debug_read_uint16_raw(thr);
	} else if (x == DUK_DBG_IB_STR4) {
		len = (duk_uint32_t) duk__debug_read_uint32_raw(thr);
	} else {
		goto fail;
	}

	return duk__debug_read_hstring_raw(thr, len);

 fail:
	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("debug connection error: failed to decode int"));
	DUK__SET_CONN_BROKEN(thr, 1);
	duk_push_hstring_stridx(thr, DUK_STRIDX_EMPTY_STRING);  /* always push some string */
	return duk_require_hstring(ctx, -1);
}

DUK_LOCAL duk_hbuffer *duk__debug_read_hbuffer_raw(duk_hthread *thr, duk_uint32_t len) {
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk_uint8_t *p;

	p = (duk_uint8_t *) duk_push_fixed_buffer(ctx, (duk_size_t) len);
	DUK_ASSERT(p != NULL);
	duk_debug_read_bytes(thr, p, (duk_size_t) len);

	return duk_require_hbuffer(ctx, -1);
}

DUK_LOCAL void *duk__debug_read_pointer_raw(duk_hthread *thr) {
	duk_small_uint_t x;
	duk__ptr_union pu;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);

	x = duk_debug_read_byte(thr);
	if (x != sizeof(pu)) {
		goto fail;
	}
	duk_debug_read_bytes(thr, (duk_uint8_t *) &pu.p, sizeof(pu));
#if defined(DUK_USE_INTEGER_LE)
	duk_byteswap_bytes((duk_uint8_t *) pu.b, sizeof(pu));
#endif
	return (void *) pu.p;

 fail:
	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("debug connection error: failed to decode pointer"));
	DUK__SET_CONN_BROKEN(thr, 1);
	return (void *) NULL;
}

DUK_LOCAL duk_double_t duk__debug_read_double_raw(duk_hthread *thr) {
	duk_double_union du;

	DUK_ASSERT(sizeof(du.uc) == 8);
	duk_debug_read_bytes(thr, (duk_uint8_t *) du.uc, sizeof(du.uc));
	DUK_DBLUNION_DOUBLE_NTOH(&du);
	return du.d;
}

#if 0
DUK_INTERNAL duk_heaphdr *duk_debug_read_heapptr(duk_hthread *thr) {
	duk_small_uint_t x;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);

	x = duk_debug_read_byte(thr);
	if (x != DUK_DBG_IB_HEAPPTR) {
		goto fail;
	}

	return (duk_heaphdr *) duk__debug_read_pointer_raw(thr);

 fail:
	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("debug connection error: failed to decode heapptr"));
	DUK__SET_CONN_BROKEN(thr, 1);
	return NULL;
}
#endif

DUK_INTERNAL duk_heaphdr *duk_debug_read_any_ptr(duk_hthread *thr) {
	duk_small_uint_t x;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);

	x = duk_debug_read_byte(thr);
	switch (x) {
	case DUK_DBG_IB_OBJECT:
	case DUK_DBG_IB_POINTER:
	case DUK_DBG_IB_HEAPPTR:
		/* Accept any pointer-like value; for 'object' dvalue, read
		 * and ignore the class number.
		 */
		if (x == DUK_DBG_IB_OBJECT) {
			duk_debug_skip_byte(thr);
		}
		break;
	default:
		goto fail;
	}

	return (duk_heaphdr *) duk__debug_read_pointer_raw(thr);

 fail:
	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("debug connection error: failed to decode any pointer (object, pointer, heapptr)"));
	DUK__SET_CONN_BROKEN(thr, 1);
	return NULL;
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_tval *duk_debug_read_tval(duk_hthread *thr) {
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk_uint8_t x;
	duk_uint_t t;
	duk_uint32_t len;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);

	x = duk_debug_read_byte(thr);

	if (x >= 0xc0) {
		t = (duk_uint_t) (x - 0xc0);
		t = (t << 8) + duk_debug_read_byte(thr);
		duk_push_uint(ctx, (duk_uint_t) t);
		goto return_ptr;
	}
	if (x >= 0x80) {
		duk_push_uint(ctx, (duk_uint_t) (x - 0x80));
		goto return_ptr;
	}
	if (x >= 0x60) {
		len = (duk_uint32_t) (x - 0x60);
		duk__debug_read_hstring_raw(thr, len);
		goto return_ptr;
	}

	switch (x) {
	case DUK_DBG_IB_INT4: {
		duk_int32_t i = duk__debug_read_int32_raw(thr);
		duk_push_i32(ctx, i);
		break;
	}
	case DUK_DBG_IB_STR4: {
		len = duk__debug_read_uint32_raw(thr);
		duk__debug_read_hstring_raw(thr, len);
		break;
	}
	case DUK_DBG_IB_STR2: {
		len = duk__debug_read_uint16_raw(thr);
		duk__debug_read_hstring_raw(thr, len);
		break;
	}
	case DUK_DBG_IB_BUF4: {
		len = duk__debug_read_uint32_raw(thr);
		duk__debug_read_hbuffer_raw(thr, len);
		break;
	}
	case DUK_DBG_IB_BUF2: {
		len = duk__debug_read_uint16_raw(thr);
		duk__debug_read_hbuffer_raw(thr, len);
		break;
	}
	case DUK_DBG_IB_UNDEFINED: {
		duk_push_undefined(ctx);
		break;
	}
	case DUK_DBG_IB_NULL: {
		duk_push_null(ctx);
		break;
	}
	case DUK_DBG_IB_TRUE: {
		duk_push_true(ctx);
		break;
	}
	case DUK_DBG_IB_FALSE: {
		duk_push_false(ctx);
		break;
	}
	case DUK_DBG_IB_NUMBER: {
		duk_double_t d;
		d = duk__debug_read_double_raw(thr);
		duk_push_number(ctx, d);
		break;
	}
	case DUK_DBG_IB_OBJECT: {
		duk_heaphdr *h;
		duk_debug_skip_byte(thr);
		h = (duk_heaphdr *) duk__debug_read_pointer_raw(thr);
		duk_push_heapptr(thr, (void *) h);
		break;
	}
	case DUK_DBG_IB_POINTER: {
		void *ptr;
		ptr = duk__debug_read_pointer_raw(thr);
		duk_push_pointer(thr, ptr);
		break;
	}
	case DUK_DBG_IB_LIGHTFUNC: {
		/* XXX: Not needed for now, so not implemented.  Note that
		 * function pointers may have different size/layout than
		 * a void pointer.
		 */
		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("reading lightfunc values unimplemented"));
		goto fail;
	}
	case DUK_DBG_IB_HEAPPTR: {
		duk_heaphdr *h;
		h = (duk_heaphdr *) duk__debug_read_pointer_raw(thr);
		duk_push_heapptr(thr, (void *) h);
		break;
	}
	case DUK_DBG_IB_UNUSED:  /* unused: not accepted in inbound messages */
	default:
		goto fail;
	}

 return_ptr:
	return DUK_GET_TVAL_NEGIDX(thr, -1);

 fail:
	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("debug connection error: failed to decode tval"));
	DUK__SET_CONN_BROKEN(thr, 1);
	return NULL;
}

/*
 *  Debug connection write primitives
 */

/* Write fully. */
DUK_INTERNAL void duk_debug_write_bytes(duk_hthread *thr, const duk_uint8_t *data, duk_size_t length) {
	duk_heap *heap;
	const duk_uint8_t *p;
	duk_size_t left;
	duk_size_t got;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(length == 0 || data != NULL);
	heap = thr->heap;
	DUK_ASSERT(heap != NULL);

	if (heap->dbg_write_cb == NULL) {
		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("attempt to write %ld bytes in detached state, ignore", (long) length));
		return;
	}
	if (length == 0) {
		/* Avoid doing an actual write callback with length == 0,
		 * because that's reserved for a write flush.
		 */
		return;
	}
	DUK_ASSERT(data != NULL);

	p = data;
	for (;;) {
		left = (duk_size_t) ((data + length) - p);
		if (left == 0) {
			break;
		}
		DUK_ASSERT(heap->dbg_write_cb != NULL);
		DUK_ASSERT(left >= 1);
#if defined(DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_TRANSPORT_TORTURE)
		left = 1;
#endif
		got = heap->dbg_write_cb(heap->dbg_udata, (const char *) p, left);
		if (got == 0 || got > left) {
			duk__debug_null_most_callbacks(thr);  /* avoid calling write callback in detach1() */
			DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("connection error during write"));
			DUK__SET_CONN_BROKEN(thr, 1);
			return;
		}
		p += got;
	}
}

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_debug_write_byte(duk_hthread *thr, duk_uint8_t x) {
	duk_debug_write_bytes(thr, (const duk_uint8_t *) &x, 1);
}

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_debug_write_unused(duk_hthread *thr) {
	duk_debug_write_byte(thr, DUK_DBG_IB_UNUSED);
}

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_debug_write_undefined(duk_hthread *thr) {
	duk_debug_write_byte(thr, DUK_DBG_IB_UNDEFINED);
}

#if defined(DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_INSPECT)
DUK_INTERNAL void duk_debug_write_null(duk_hthread *thr) {
	duk_debug_write_byte(thr, DUK_DBG_IB_NULL);
}
#endif

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_debug_write_boolean(duk_hthread *thr, duk_uint_t val) {
	duk_debug_write_byte(thr, val ? DUK_DBG_IB_TRUE : DUK_DBG_IB_FALSE);
}

/* Write signed 32-bit integer. */
DUK_INTERNAL void duk_debug_write_int(duk_hthread *thr, duk_int32_t x) {
	duk_uint8_t buf[5];
	duk_size_t len;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);

	if (x >= 0 && x <= 0x3fL) {
		buf[0] = (duk_uint8_t) (0x80 + x);
		len = 1;
	} else if (x >= 0 && x <= 0x3fffL) {
		buf[0] = (duk_uint8_t) (0xc0 + (x >> 8));
		buf[1] = (duk_uint8_t) (x & 0xff);
		len = 2;
	} else {
		/* Signed integers always map to 4 bytes now. */
		buf[0] = (duk_uint8_t) DUK_DBG_IB_INT4;
		buf[1] = (duk_uint8_t) ((x >> 24) & 0xff);
		buf[2] = (duk_uint8_t) ((x >> 16) & 0xff);
		buf[3] = (duk_uint8_t) ((x >> 8) & 0xff);
		buf[4] = (duk_uint8_t) (x & 0xff);
		len = 5;
	}
	duk_debug_write_bytes(thr, buf, len);
}

/* Write unsigned 32-bit integer. */
DUK_INTERNAL void duk_debug_write_uint(duk_hthread *thr, duk_uint32_t x) {
	/* The debugger protocol doesn't support a plain integer encoding for
	 * the full 32-bit unsigned range (only 32-bit signed).  For now,
	 * unsigned 32-bit values simply written as signed ones.  This is not
	 * a concrete issue except for 32-bit heaphdr fields.  Proper solutions
	 * would be to (a) write such integers as IEEE doubles or (b) add an
	 * unsigned 32-bit dvalue.
	 */
	if (x >= 0x80000000UL) {
		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("writing unsigned integer 0x%08lx as signed integer",
		                 (long) x));
	}
	duk_debug_write_int(thr, (duk_int32_t) x);
}

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_debug_write_strbuf(duk_hthread *thr, const char *data, duk_size_t length, duk_uint8_t marker_base) {
	duk_uint8_t buf[5];
	duk_size_t buflen;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(length == 0 || data != NULL);

	if (length <= 0x1fUL && marker_base == DUK_DBG_IB_STR4) {
		/* For strings, special form for short lengths. */
		buf[0] = (duk_uint8_t) (0x60 + length);
		buflen = 1;
	} else if (length <= 0xffffUL) {
		buf[0] = (duk_uint8_t) (marker_base + 1);
		buf[1] = (duk_uint8_t) (length >> 8);
		buf[2] = (duk_uint8_t) (length & 0xff);
		buflen = 3;
	} else {
		buf[0] = (duk_uint8_t) marker_base;
		buf[1] = (duk_uint8_t) (length >> 24);
		buf[2] = (duk_uint8_t) ((length >> 16) & 0xff);
		buf[3] = (duk_uint8_t) ((length >> 8) & 0xff);
		buf[4] = (duk_uint8_t) (length & 0xff);
		buflen = 5;
	}

	duk_debug_write_bytes(thr, (const duk_uint8_t *) buf, buflen);
	duk_debug_write_bytes(thr, (const duk_uint8_t *) data, length);
}

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_debug_write_string(duk_hthread *thr, const char *data, duk_size_t length) {
	duk_debug_write_strbuf(thr, data, length, DUK_DBG_IB_STR4);
}

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_debug_write_cstring(duk_hthread *thr, const char *data) {
	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);

	duk_debug_write_string(thr,
	                       data,
	                       data ? DUK_STRLEN(data) : 0);
}

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_debug_write_hstring(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hstring *h) {
	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);

	/* XXX: differentiate null pointer from empty string? */
	duk_debug_write_string(thr,
	                       (h != NULL ? (const char *) DUK_HSTRING_GET_DATA(h) : NULL),
	                       (h != NULL ? (duk_size_t) DUK_HSTRING_GET_BYTELEN(h) : 0));
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__debug_write_hstring_safe_top(duk_hthread *thr) {
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk_debug_write_hstring(thr, duk_safe_to_hstring(ctx, -1));
}

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_debug_write_buffer(duk_hthread *thr, const char *data, duk_size_t length) {
	duk_debug_write_strbuf(thr, data, length, DUK_DBG_IB_BUF4);
}

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_debug_write_hbuffer(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hbuffer *h) {
	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);

	duk_debug_write_buffer(thr,
	                       (h != NULL ? (const char *) DUK_HBUFFER_GET_DATA_PTR(thr->heap, h) : NULL),
	                       (h != NULL ? (duk_size_t) DUK_HBUFFER_GET_SIZE(h) : 0));
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__debug_write_pointer_raw(duk_hthread *thr, void *ptr, duk_uint8_t ibyte) {
	duk_uint8_t buf[2];
	duk__ptr_union pu;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(sizeof(ptr) >= 1 && sizeof(ptr) <= 16);
	/* ptr may be NULL */

	buf[0] = ibyte;
	buf[1] = sizeof(pu);
	duk_debug_write_bytes(thr, buf, 2);
	pu.p = (void *) ptr;
#if defined(DUK_USE_INTEGER_LE)
	duk_byteswap_bytes((duk_uint8_t *) pu.b, sizeof(pu));
#endif
	duk_debug_write_bytes(thr, (const duk_uint8_t *) &pu.p, (duk_size_t) sizeof(pu));
}

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_debug_write_pointer(duk_hthread *thr, void *ptr) {
	duk__debug_write_pointer_raw(thr, ptr, DUK_DBG_IB_POINTER);
}

#if defined(DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_DUMPHEAP) || defined(DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_INSPECT)
DUK_INTERNAL void duk_debug_write_heapptr(duk_hthread *thr, duk_heaphdr *h) {
	duk__debug_write_pointer_raw(thr, (void *) h, DUK_DBG_IB_HEAPPTR);
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_DUMPHEAP || DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_INSPECT */

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_debug_write_hobject(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj) {
	duk_uint8_t buf[3];
	duk__ptr_union pu;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(sizeof(obj) >= 1 && sizeof(obj) <= 16);
	DUK_ASSERT(obj != NULL);

	buf[0] = DUK_DBG_IB_OBJECT;
	buf[1] = (duk_uint8_t) DUK_HOBJECT_GET_CLASS_NUMBER(obj);
	buf[2] = sizeof(pu);
	duk_debug_write_bytes(thr, buf, 3);
	pu.p = (void *) obj;
#if defined(DUK_USE_INTEGER_LE)
	duk_byteswap_bytes((duk_uint8_t *) pu.b, sizeof(pu));
#endif
	duk_debug_write_bytes(thr, (const duk_uint8_t *) &pu.p, (duk_size_t) sizeof(pu));
}

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_debug_write_tval(duk_hthread *thr, duk_tval *tv) {
	duk_c_function lf_func;
	duk_small_uint_t lf_flags;
	duk_uint8_t buf[4];
	duk_double_union du1;
	duk_double_union du2;
	duk_int32_t i32;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(tv != NULL);

	switch (DUK_TVAL_GET_TAG(tv)) {
	case DUK_TAG_UNDEFINED:
		duk_debug_write_byte(thr, DUK_DBG_IB_UNDEFINED);
		break;
	case DUK_TAG_UNUSED:
		duk_debug_write_byte(thr, DUK_DBG_IB_UNUSED);
		break;
	case DUK_TAG_NULL:
		duk_debug_write_byte(thr, DUK_DBG_IB_NULL);
		break;
	case DUK_TAG_BOOLEAN:
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_GET_BOOLEAN(tv) == 0 ||
		           DUK_TVAL_GET_BOOLEAN(tv) == 1);
		duk_debug_write_boolean(thr, DUK_TVAL_GET_BOOLEAN(tv));
		break;
	case DUK_TAG_POINTER:
		duk_debug_write_pointer(thr, (void *) DUK_TVAL_GET_POINTER(tv));
		break;
	case DUK_TAG_LIGHTFUNC:
		DUK_TVAL_GET_LIGHTFUNC(tv, lf_func, lf_flags);
		buf[0] = DUK_DBG_IB_LIGHTFUNC;
		buf[1] = (duk_uint8_t) (lf_flags >> 8);
		buf[2] = (duk_uint8_t) (lf_flags & 0xff);
		buf[3] = sizeof(lf_func);
		duk_debug_write_bytes(thr, buf, 4);
		duk_debug_write_bytes(thr, (const duk_uint8_t *) &lf_func, sizeof(lf_func));
		break;
	case DUK_TAG_STRING:
		duk_debug_write_hstring(thr, DUK_TVAL_GET_STRING(tv));
		break;
	case DUK_TAG_OBJECT:
		duk_debug_write_hobject(thr, DUK_TVAL_GET_OBJECT(tv));
		break;
	case DUK_TAG_BUFFER:
		duk_debug_write_hbuffer(thr, DUK_TVAL_GET_BUFFER(tv));
		break;
#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
	case DUK_TAG_FASTINT:
#endif
	default:
		/* Numbers are normalized to big (network) endian.  We can
		 * (but are not required) to use integer dvalues when there's
		 * no loss of precision.
		 *
		 * XXX: share check with other code; this check is slow but
		 * reliable and doesn't require careful exponent/mantissa
		 * mask tricks as in the fastint downgrade code.
		 */
		DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_TVAL_IS_UNUSED(tv));
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv));
		du1.d = DUK_TVAL_GET_NUMBER(tv);
		i32 = (duk_int32_t) du1.d;
		du2.d = (duk_double_t) i32;

		DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("i32=%ld du1=%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x "
		                   "du2=%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x",
		                   (long) i32,
		                   (unsigned int) du1.uc[0], (unsigned int) du1.uc[1],
		                   (unsigned int) du1.uc[2], (unsigned int) du1.uc[3],
		                   (unsigned int) du1.uc[4], (unsigned int) du1.uc[5],
		                   (unsigned int) du1.uc[6], (unsigned int) du1.uc[7],
		                   (unsigned int) du2.uc[0], (unsigned int) du2.uc[1],
		                   (unsigned int) du2.uc[2], (unsigned int) du2.uc[3],
		                   (unsigned int) du2.uc[4], (unsigned int) du2.uc[5],
		                   (unsigned int) du2.uc[6], (unsigned int) du2.uc[7]));

		if (DUK_MEMCMP((const void *) du1.uc, (const void *) du2.uc, sizeof(du1.uc)) == 0) {
			duk_debug_write_int(thr, i32);
		} else {
			DUK_DBLUNION_DOUBLE_HTON(&du1);
			duk_debug_write_byte(thr, DUK_DBG_IB_NUMBER);
			duk_debug_write_bytes(thr, (const duk_uint8_t *) du1.uc, sizeof(du1.uc));
		}
	}
}

#if defined(DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_DUMPHEAP)
/* Variant for writing duk_tvals so that any heap allocated values are
 * written out as tagged heap pointers.
 */
DUK_LOCAL void duk__debug_write_tval_heapptr(duk_hthread *thr, duk_tval *tv) {
	if (DUK_TVAL_IS_HEAP_ALLOCATED(tv)) {
		duk_heaphdr *h = DUK_TVAL_GET_HEAPHDR(tv);
		duk_debug_write_heapptr(thr, h);
	} else {
		duk_debug_write_tval(thr, tv);
	}
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_DUMPHEAP */

/*
 *  Debug connection message write helpers
 */

#if 0  /* unused */
DUK_INTERNAL void duk_debug_write_request(duk_hthread *thr, duk_small_uint_t command) {
	duk_debug_write_byte(thr, DUK_DBG_IB_REQUEST);
	duk_debug_write_int(thr, command);
}
#endif

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_debug_write_reply(duk_hthread *thr) {
	duk_debug_write_byte(thr, DUK_DBG_IB_REPLY);
}

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_debug_write_error_eom(duk_hthread *thr, duk_small_uint_t err_code, const char *msg) {
	/* Allow NULL 'msg' */
	duk_debug_write_byte(thr, DUK_DBG_IB_ERROR);
	duk_debug_write_int(thr, (duk_int32_t) err_code);
	duk_debug_write_cstring(thr, msg);
	duk_debug_write_eom(thr);
}

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_debug_write_notify(duk_hthread *thr, duk_small_uint_t command) {
	duk_debug_write_byte(thr, DUK_DBG_IB_NOTIFY);
	duk_debug_write_int(thr, command);
}

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_debug_write_eom(duk_hthread *thr) {
	duk_debug_write_byte(thr, DUK_DBG_IB_EOM);

	/* As an initial implementation, write flush after every EOM (and the
	 * version identifier).  A better implementation would flush only when
	 * Duktape is finished processing messages so that a flush only happens
	 * after all outbound messages are finished on that occasion.
	 */
	duk_debug_write_flush(thr);
}

/*
 *  Status message and helpers
 */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_uint_fast32_t duk_debug_curr_line(duk_hthread *thr) {
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk_activation *act;
	duk_uint_fast32_t line;
	duk_uint_fast32_t pc;

	act = duk_hthread_get_current_activation(thr);  /* may be NULL */
	if (act == NULL) {
		return 0;
	}

	/* We're conceptually between two opcodes; act->pc indicates the next
	 * instruction to be executed.  This is usually the correct pc/line to
	 * indicate in Status.  (For the 'debugger' statement this now reports
	 * the pc/line after the debugger statement because the debugger opcode
	 * has already been executed.)
	 */

	pc = duk_hthread_get_act_curr_pc(thr, act);

	/* XXX: this should be optimized to be a raw query and avoid valstack
	 * operations if possible.
	 */
	duk_push_tval(ctx, &act->tv_func);
	line = duk_hobject_pc2line_query(ctx, -1, pc);
	duk_pop(ctx);
	return line;
}

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_debug_send_status(duk_hthread *thr) {
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk_activation *act;

	duk_debug_write_notify(thr, DUK_DBG_CMD_STATUS);
	duk_debug_write_int(thr, thr->heap->dbg_paused);

	DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(thr->callstack_top >= 0);  /* unsigned */
	if (thr->callstack_top == 0) {
		duk_debug_write_undefined(thr);
		duk_debug_write_undefined(thr);
		duk_debug_write_int(thr, 0);
		duk_debug_write_int(thr, 0);
	} else {
		act = thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top - 1;
		duk_push_tval(ctx, &act->tv_func);
		duk_get_prop_string(ctx, -1, "fileName");
		duk__debug_write_hstring_safe_top(thr);
		duk_get_prop_string(ctx, -2, "name");
		duk__debug_write_hstring_safe_top(thr);
		duk_pop_3(ctx);
		/* Report next pc/line to be executed. */
		duk_debug_write_uint(thr, (duk_uint32_t) duk_debug_curr_line(thr));
		duk_debug_write_uint(thr, (duk_uint32_t) duk_hthread_get_act_curr_pc(thr, act));
	}

	duk_debug_write_eom(thr);
}

#if defined(DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_THROW_NOTIFY)
DUK_INTERNAL void duk_debug_send_throw(duk_hthread *thr, duk_bool_t fatal) {
	/*
	 *  NFY <int: 5> <int: fatal> <str: msg> <str: filename> <int: linenumber> EOM
	 */

	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk_activation *act;
	duk_uint32_t pc;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr->valstack_top > thr->valstack);  /* At least: ... [err] */

	duk_debug_write_notify(thr, DUK_DBG_CMD_THROW);
	duk_debug_write_int(thr, fatal);

	/* Report thrown value to client coerced to string */
	duk_dup(ctx, -1);
	duk__debug_write_hstring_safe_top(thr);
	duk_pop(ctx);

	if (duk_is_error(ctx, -1)) {
		/* Error instance, use augmented error data directly */
		duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, -1, DUK_STRIDX_FILE_NAME);
		duk__debug_write_hstring_safe_top(thr);
		duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_LINE_NUMBER);
		duk_debug_write_uint(thr, duk_get_uint(ctx, -1));
	} else {
		/* For anything other than an Error instance, we calculate the error
		 * location directly from the current activation.
		 */
		act = thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top - 1;
		duk_push_tval(ctx, &act->tv_func);
		duk_get_prop_string(ctx, -1, "fileName");
		duk__debug_write_hstring_safe_top(thr);
		pc = duk_hthread_get_act_prev_pc(thr, act);
		duk_debug_write_uint(thr, (duk_uint32_t) duk_hobject_pc2line_query(ctx, -2, pc));
	}
	duk_pop_2(ctx);  /* shared pop */

	duk_debug_write_eom(thr);
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_THROW_NOTIFY */

/*
 *  Debug message processing
 */

/* Skip dvalue. */
DUK_LOCAL duk_bool_t duk__debug_skip_dvalue(duk_hthread *thr) {
	duk_uint8_t x;
	duk_uint32_t len;

	x = duk_debug_read_byte(thr);

	if (x >= 0xc0) {
		duk_debug_skip_byte(thr);
		return 0;
	}
	if (x >= 0x80) {
		return 0;
	}
	if (x >= 0x60) {
		duk_debug_skip_bytes(thr, x - 0x60);
		return 0;
	}
	switch(x) {
	case DUK_DBG_IB_EOM:
		return 1;  /* Return 1: got EOM */
	case DUK_DBG_IB_REQUEST:
	case DUK_DBG_IB_REPLY:
	case DUK_DBG_IB_ERROR:
	case DUK_DBG_IB_NOTIFY:
		break;
	case DUK_DBG_IB_INT4:
		(void) duk__debug_read_uint32_raw(thr);
		break;
	case DUK_DBG_IB_STR4:
	case DUK_DBG_IB_BUF4:
		len = duk__debug_read_uint32_raw(thr);
		duk_debug_skip_bytes(thr, len);
		break;
	case DUK_DBG_IB_STR2:
	case DUK_DBG_IB_BUF2:
		len = duk__debug_read_uint16_raw(thr);
		duk_debug_skip_bytes(thr, len);
		break;
	case DUK_DBG_IB_UNUSED:
	case DUK_DBG_IB_UNDEFINED:
	case DUK_DBG_IB_NULL:
	case DUK_DBG_IB_TRUE:
	case DUK_DBG_IB_FALSE:
		break;
	case DUK_DBG_IB_NUMBER:
		duk_debug_skip_bytes(thr, 8);
		break;
	case DUK_DBG_IB_OBJECT:
		duk_debug_skip_byte(thr);
		len = duk_debug_read_byte(thr);
		duk_debug_skip_bytes(thr, len);
		break;
	case DUK_DBG_IB_POINTER:
	case DUK_DBG_IB_HEAPPTR:
		len = duk_debug_read_byte(thr);
		duk_debug_skip_bytes(thr, len);
		break;
	case DUK_DBG_IB_LIGHTFUNC:
		duk_debug_skip_bytes(thr, 2);
		len = duk_debug_read_byte(thr);
		duk_debug_skip_bytes(thr, len);
		break;
	default:
		goto fail;
	}

	return 0;

 fail:
	DUK__SET_CONN_BROKEN(thr, 1);
	return 1;  /* Pretend like we got EOM */
}

/* Skip dvalues to EOM. */
DUK_LOCAL void duk__debug_skip_to_eom(duk_hthread *thr) {
	for (;;) {
		if (duk__debug_skip_dvalue(thr)) {
			break;
		}
	}
}

/*
 *  Simple commands
 */

DUK_LOCAL void duk__debug_handle_basic_info(duk_hthread *thr, duk_heap *heap) {
	DUK_UNREF(heap);
	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("debug command Version"));

	duk_debug_write_reply(thr);
	duk_debug_write_int(thr, DUK_VERSION);
	duk_debug_write_cstring(thr, DUK_GIT_DESCRIBE);
	duk_debug_write_cstring(thr, DUK_USE_TARGET_INFO);
#if defined(DUK_USE_DOUBLE_LE)
	duk_debug_write_int(thr, 1);
#elif defined(DUK_USE_DOUBLE_ME)
	duk_debug_write_int(thr, 2);
#elif defined(DUK_USE_DOUBLE_BE)
	duk_debug_write_int(thr, 3);
#else
	duk_debug_write_int(thr, 0);
#endif
	duk_debug_write_int(thr, (duk_int_t) sizeof(void *));
	duk_debug_write_eom(thr);
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__debug_handle_trigger_status(duk_hthread *thr, duk_heap *heap) {
	DUK_UNREF(heap);
	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("debug command TriggerStatus"));

	duk_debug_write_reply(thr);
	duk_debug_write_eom(thr);
	heap->dbg_state_dirty = 1;
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__debug_handle_pause(duk_hthread *thr, duk_heap *heap) {
	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("debug command Pause"));

	DUK_HEAP_SET_PAUSED(heap);
	duk_debug_write_reply(thr);
	duk_debug_write_eom(thr);
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__debug_handle_resume(duk_hthread *thr, duk_heap *heap) {
	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("debug command Resume"));

	DUK_HEAP_CLEAR_PAUSED(heap);
	duk_debug_write_reply(thr);
	duk_debug_write_eom(thr);
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__debug_handle_step(duk_hthread *thr, duk_heap *heap, duk_int32_t cmd) {
	duk_small_uint_t step_type;
	duk_uint_fast32_t line;

	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("debug command StepInto/StepOver/StepOut: %d", (int) cmd));

	if (cmd == DUK_DBG_CMD_STEPINTO) {
		step_type = DUK_STEP_TYPE_INTO;
	} else if (cmd == DUK_DBG_CMD_STEPOVER) {
		step_type = DUK_STEP_TYPE_OVER;
	} else {
		DUK_ASSERT(cmd == DUK_DBG_CMD_STEPOUT);
		step_type = DUK_STEP_TYPE_OUT;
	}

	line = duk_debug_curr_line(thr);
	if (line > 0) {
		heap->dbg_paused = 0;
		heap->dbg_step_type = step_type;
		heap->dbg_step_thread = thr;
		heap->dbg_step_csindex = thr->callstack_top - 1;
		heap->dbg_step_startline = line;
		heap->dbg_state_dirty = 1;
	} else {
		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("cannot determine current line, stepinto/stepover/stepout ignored"));
	}
	duk_debug_write_reply(thr);
	duk_debug_write_eom(thr);
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__debug_handle_list_break(duk_hthread *thr, duk_heap *heap) {
	duk_small_int_t i;

	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("debug command ListBreak"));
	duk_debug_write_reply(thr);
	for (i = 0; i < (duk_small_int_t) heap->dbg_breakpoint_count; i++) {
		duk_debug_write_hstring(thr, heap->dbg_breakpoints[i].filename);
		duk_debug_write_uint(thr, (duk_uint32_t) heap->dbg_breakpoints[i].line);
	}
	duk_debug_write_eom(thr);
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__debug_handle_add_break(duk_hthread *thr, duk_heap *heap) {
	duk_hstring *filename;
	duk_uint32_t linenumber;
	duk_small_int_t idx;

	DUK_UNREF(heap);

	filename = duk_debug_read_hstring(thr);
	linenumber = (duk_uint32_t) duk_debug_read_int(thr);
	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("debug command AddBreak: %!O:%ld", (duk_hobject *) filename, (long) linenumber));
	idx = duk_debug_add_breakpoint(thr, filename, linenumber);
	if (idx >= 0) {
		duk_debug_write_reply(thr);
		duk_debug_write_int(thr, (duk_int32_t) idx);
		duk_debug_write_eom(thr);
	} else {
		duk_debug_write_error_eom(thr, DUK_DBG_ERR_TOOMANY, "no space for breakpoint");
	}
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__debug_handle_del_break(duk_hthread *thr, duk_heap *heap) {
	duk_small_uint_t idx;

	DUK_UNREF(heap);

	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("debug command DelBreak"));
	idx = (duk_small_uint_t) duk_debug_read_int(thr);
	if (duk_debug_remove_breakpoint(thr, idx)) {
		duk_debug_write_reply(thr);
		duk_debug_write_eom(thr);
	} else {
		duk_debug_write_error_eom(thr, DUK_DBG_ERR_NOTFOUND, "invalid breakpoint index");
	}
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__debug_handle_get_var(duk_hthread *thr, duk_heap *heap) {
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk_hstring *str;
	duk_bool_t rc;
	duk_int32_t level;

	DUK_UNREF(heap);
	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("debug command GetVar"));

	str = duk_debug_read_hstring(thr);  /* push to stack */
	DUK_ASSERT(str != NULL);
	if (duk_debug_peek_byte(thr) != DUK_DBG_IB_EOM) {
		level = duk_debug_read_int(thr);  /* optional callstack level */
		if (level >= 0 || -level > (duk_int32_t) thr->callstack_top) {
			DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("invalid callstack level for GetVar"));
			duk_debug_write_error_eom(thr, DUK_DBG_ERR_NOTFOUND, "invalid callstack level");
			return;
		}
	} else {
		level = -1;
	}

	if (thr->callstack_top > 0) {
		rc = duk_js_getvar_activation(thr,
		                              thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top + level,
		                              str,
		                              0);
	} else {
		/* No activation, no variable access.  Could also pretend
		 * we're in the global program context and read stuff off
		 * the global object.
		 */
		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("callstack empty, no activation -> ignore getvar"));
		rc = 0;
	}

	duk_debug_write_reply(thr);
	if (rc) {
		duk_debug_write_int(thr, 1);
		DUK_ASSERT(duk_get_tval(ctx, -2) != NULL);
		duk_debug_write_tval(thr, duk_get_tval(ctx, -2));
	} else {
		duk_debug_write_int(thr, 0);
		duk_debug_write_unused(thr);
	}
	duk_debug_write_eom(thr);
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__debug_handle_put_var(duk_hthread *thr, duk_heap *heap) {
	duk_hstring *str;
	duk_tval *tv;
	duk_int32_t level;

	DUK_UNREF(heap);
	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("debug command PutVar"));

	str = duk_debug_read_hstring(thr);  /* push to stack */
	DUK_ASSERT(str != NULL);
	tv = duk_debug_read_tval(thr);
	if (tv == NULL) {
		/* detached */
		return;
	}
	if (duk_debug_peek_byte(thr) != DUK_DBG_IB_EOM) {
		level = duk_debug_read_int(thr);  /* optional callstack level */
		if (level >= 0 || -level > (duk_int32_t) thr->callstack_top) {
			DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("invalid callstack level for PutVar"));
			duk_debug_write_error_eom(thr, DUK_DBG_ERR_NOTFOUND, "invalid callstack level");
			return;
		}
	} else {
		level = -1;
	}

	if (thr->callstack_top > 0) {
		duk_js_putvar_activation(thr,
		                         thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top + level,
		                         str,
		                         tv,
		                         0);
	} else {
		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("callstack empty, no activation -> ignore putvar"));
	}

	/* XXX: Current putvar implementation doesn't have a success flag,
	 * add one and send to debug client?
	 */
	duk_debug_write_reply(thr);
	duk_debug_write_eom(thr);
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__debug_handle_get_call_stack(duk_hthread *thr, duk_heap *heap) {
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk_hthread *curr_thr = thr;
	duk_activation *curr_act;
	duk_uint_fast32_t pc;
	duk_uint_fast32_t line;
	duk_size_t i;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_UNREF(heap);

	duk_debug_write_reply(thr);
	while (curr_thr != NULL) {
		i = curr_thr->callstack_top;
		while (i > 0) {
			i--;
			curr_act = curr_thr->callstack + i;

			/* PC/line semantics here are:
			 *   - For callstack top we're conceptually between two
			 *     opcodes and current PC indicates next line to
			 *     execute, so report that (matches Status).
			 *   - For other activations we're conceptually still
			 *     executing the instruction at PC-1, so report that
			 *     (matches error stacktrace behavior).
			 *   - See: https://github.com/svaarala/duktape/issues/281
			 */

			/* XXX: optimize to use direct reads, i.e. avoid
			 * value stack operations.
			 */
			duk_push_tval(ctx, &curr_act->tv_func);
			duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, -1, DUK_STRIDX_FILE_NAME);
			duk__debug_write_hstring_safe_top(thr);
			duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_NAME);
			duk__debug_write_hstring_safe_top(thr);
			pc = duk_hthread_get_act_curr_pc(thr, curr_act);
			if (i != curr_thr->callstack_top - 1 && pc > 0) {
				pc--;
			}
			line = duk_hobject_pc2line_query(ctx, -3, pc);
			duk_debug_write_uint(thr, (duk_uint32_t) line);
			duk_debug_write_uint(thr, (duk_uint32_t) pc);
			duk_pop_3(ctx);
		}
		curr_thr = curr_thr->resumer;
	}
	/* SCANBUILD: warning about 'thr' potentially being NULL here,
	 * warning is incorrect because thr != NULL always here.
	 */
	duk_debug_write_eom(thr);
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__debug_handle_get_locals(duk_hthread *thr, duk_heap *heap) {
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk_activation *curr_act;
	duk_int32_t level;
	duk_hstring *varname;

	DUK_UNREF(heap);

	if (duk_debug_peek_byte(thr) != DUK_DBG_IB_EOM) {
		level = duk_debug_read_int(thr);  /* optional callstack level */
		if (level >= 0 || -level > (duk_int32_t) thr->callstack_top) {
			DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("invalid callstack level for GetLocals"));
			duk_debug_write_error_eom(thr, DUK_DBG_ERR_NOTFOUND, "invalid callstack level");
			return;
		}
		duk_debug_write_reply(thr);
	} else {
		duk_debug_write_reply(thr);
		if (thr->callstack_top == 0) {
			goto callstack_empty;
		}
		level = -1;
	}

	curr_act = thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top + level;

	/* XXX: several nice-to-have improvements here:
	 *   - Use direct reads avoiding value stack operations
	 *   - Avoid triggering getters, indicate getter values to debug client
	 *   - If side effects are possible, add error catching
	 */

	duk_push_tval(ctx, &curr_act->tv_func);
	duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, -1, DUK_STRIDX_INT_VARMAP);
	if (duk_is_object(ctx, -1)) {
		duk_enum(ctx, -1, 0 /*enum_flags*/);
		while (duk_next(ctx, -1 /*enum_index*/, 0 /*get_value*/)) {
			varname = duk_get_hstring(ctx, -1);
			DUK_ASSERT(varname != NULL);

			duk_js_getvar_activation(thr, curr_act, varname, 0 /*throw_flag*/);
			/* [ ... func varmap enum key value this ] */
			duk_debug_write_hstring(thr, duk_get_hstring(ctx, -3));
			duk_debug_write_tval(thr, duk_get_tval(ctx, -2));
			duk_pop_3(ctx);  /* -> [ ... func varmap enum ] */
		}
	} else {
		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("varmap is not an object in GetLocals, ignore"));
	}

 callstack_empty:
	duk_debug_write_eom(thr);
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__debug_handle_eval(duk_hthread *thr, duk_heap *heap) {
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk_small_uint_t call_flags;
	duk_int_t call_ret;
	duk_small_int_t eval_err;
	duk_int32_t level;

	DUK_UNREF(heap);

	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("debug command Eval"));

	/* The eval code is executed within the lexical environment of a specified
	 * activation.  For now, use global object eval() function, with the eval
	 * considered a 'direct call to eval'.
	 *
	 * Callstack level for debug commands only affects scope -- the callstack
	 * as seen by, e.g. Duktape.act() will be the same regardless.
	 */

	/* nargs == 2 so we can pass a callstack level to eval(). */
	duk_push_c_function(ctx, duk_bi_global_object_eval, 2 /*nargs*/);
	duk_push_undefined(ctx);  /* 'this' binding shouldn't matter here */

	(void) duk_debug_read_hstring(thr);
	if (duk_debug_peek_byte(thr) != DUK_DBG_IB_EOM) {
		level = duk_debug_read_int(thr);  /* optional callstack level */
		if (level >= 0 || -level > (duk_int32_t) thr->callstack_top) {
			DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("invalid callstack level for Eval"));
			duk_debug_write_error_eom(thr, DUK_DBG_ERR_NOTFOUND, "invalid callstack level");
			return;
		}
	}
	else {
		level = -1;
	}
	DUK_ASSERT(level < 0 && -level <= (duk_int32_t) thr->callstack_top);
	duk_push_int(ctx, level - 1);  /* compensate for eval() call */

	/* [ ... eval "eval" eval_input level ] */

	call_flags = 0;
	if (thr->callstack_top >= (duk_size_t) -level) {
		duk_activation *act;
		duk_hobject *fun;

		act = thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top + level;
		fun = DUK_ACT_GET_FUNC(act);
		if (fun != NULL && DUK_HOBJECT_IS_COMPILEDFUNCTION(fun)) {
			/* Direct eval requires that there's a current
			 * activation and it is an Ecmascript function.
			 * When Eval is executed from e.g. cooperate API
			 * call we'll need to do an indirect eval instead.
			 */
			call_flags |= DUK_CALL_FLAG_DIRECT_EVAL;
		}
	}

	call_ret = duk_handle_call_protected(thr, 2 /*num_stack_args*/, call_flags);

	if (call_ret == DUK_EXEC_SUCCESS) {
		eval_err = 0;
		/* Use result value as is. */
	} else {
		/* For errors a string coerced result is most informative
		 * right now, as the debug client doesn't have the capability
		 * to traverse the error object.
		 */
		eval_err = 1;
		duk_safe_to_string(ctx, -1);
	}

	/* [ ... result ] */

	duk_debug_write_reply(thr);
	duk_debug_write_int(thr, (duk_int32_t) eval_err);
	DUK_ASSERT(duk_get_tval(ctx, -1) != NULL);
	duk_debug_write_tval(thr, duk_get_tval(ctx, -1));
	duk_debug_write_eom(thr);
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__debug_handle_detach(duk_hthread *thr, duk_heap *heap) {
	DUK_UNREF(heap);
	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("debug command Detach"));

	duk_debug_write_reply(thr);
	duk_debug_write_eom(thr);

	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("debug connection detached, mark broken"));
	DUK__SET_CONN_BROKEN(thr, 0);  /* not an error */
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__debug_handle_apprequest(duk_hthread *thr, duk_heap *heap) {
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk_idx_t old_top;

	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("debug command AppRequest"));

	old_top = duk_get_top(ctx);  /* save stack top */

	if (heap->dbg_request_cb != NULL) {
		duk_idx_t nrets;
		duk_idx_t nvalues = 0;
		duk_idx_t top, idx;

		/* Read tvals from the message and push them onto the valstack,
		 * then call the request callback to process the request.
		 */
		while (duk_debug_peek_byte(thr) != DUK_DBG_IB_EOM) {
			duk_tval *tv;
			if (!duk_check_stack(ctx, 1)) {
				DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("failed to allocate space for request dvalue(s)"));
				goto fail;
			}
			tv = duk_debug_read_tval(thr);  /* push to stack */
			if (tv == NULL) {
				/* detached */
				return;
			}
			nvalues++;
		}
		DUK_ASSERT(duk_get_top(ctx) == old_top + nvalues);

		/* Request callback should push values for reply to client onto valstack */
		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("calling into AppRequest request_cb with nvalues=%ld, old_top=%ld, top=%ld",
		                 (long) nvalues, (long) old_top, (long) duk_get_top(ctx)));
		nrets = heap->dbg_request_cb(ctx, heap->dbg_udata, nvalues);
		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("returned from AppRequest request_cb; nvalues=%ld -> nrets=%ld, old_top=%ld, top=%ld",
		                 (long) nvalues, (long) nrets, (long) old_top, (long) duk_get_top(ctx)));
		if (nrets >= 0) {
			DUK_ASSERT(duk_get_top(ctx) >= old_top + nrets);
			if (duk_get_top(ctx) < old_top + nrets) {
				DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("AppRequest callback doesn't match value stack configuration, "
				                 "top=%ld < old_top=%ld + nrets=%ld; "
				                 "this might mean it's unsafe to continue!",
				                 (long) duk_get_top(ctx), (long) old_top, (long) nrets));
				goto fail;
			}

			/* Reply with tvals pushed by request callback */
			duk_debug_write_byte(thr, DUK_DBG_IB_REPLY);
			top = duk_get_top(ctx);
			for (idx = top - nrets; idx < top; idx++) {
				duk_debug_write_tval(thr, DUK_GET_TVAL_POSIDX(ctx, idx));
			}
			duk_debug_write_eom(thr);
		} else {
			DUK_ASSERT(duk_get_top(ctx) >= old_top + 1);
			if (duk_get_top(ctx) < old_top + 1) {
				DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("request callback return value doesn't match value stack configuration"));
				goto fail;
			}
			duk_debug_write_error_eom(thr, DUK_DBG_ERR_APPLICATION, duk_get_string(ctx, -1));
		}

		duk_set_top(ctx, old_top);  /* restore stack top */
	} else {
		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("no request callback, treat AppRequest as unsupported"));
		duk_debug_write_error_eom(thr, DUK_DBG_ERR_UNSUPPORTED, "AppRequest unsupported by target");
	}

	return;

 fail:
	duk_set_top(ctx, old_top);  /* restore stack top */
	DUK__SET_CONN_BROKEN(thr, 1);
}

/*
 *  DumpHeap command
 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_DUMPHEAP)
/* XXX: this has some overlap with object inspection; remove this and make
 * DumpHeap return lists of heapptrs instead?
 */
DUK_LOCAL void duk__debug_dump_heaphdr(duk_hthread *thr, duk_heap *heap, duk_heaphdr *hdr) {
	DUK_UNREF(heap);

	duk_debug_write_heapptr(thr, hdr);
	duk_debug_write_uint(thr, (duk_uint32_t) DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_TYPE(hdr));
	duk_debug_write_uint(thr, (duk_uint32_t) DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_FLAGS_RAW(hdr));
#if defined(DUK_USE_REFERENCE_COUNTING)
	duk_debug_write_uint(thr, (duk_uint32_t) DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_REFCOUNT(hdr));
#else
	duk_debug_write_int(thr, (duk_int32_t) -1);
#endif

	switch (DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_TYPE(hdr)) {
	case DUK_HTYPE_STRING: {
		duk_hstring *h = (duk_hstring *) hdr;

		duk_debug_write_uint(thr, (duk_int32_t) DUK_HSTRING_GET_BYTELEN(h));
		duk_debug_write_uint(thr, (duk_int32_t) DUK_HSTRING_GET_CHARLEN(h));
		duk_debug_write_uint(thr, (duk_int32_t) DUK_HSTRING_GET_HASH(h));
		duk_debug_write_hstring(thr, h);
		break;
	}
	case DUK_HTYPE_OBJECT: {
		duk_hobject *h = (duk_hobject *) hdr;
		duk_hstring *k;
		duk_uint_fast32_t i;

		duk_debug_write_uint(thr, (duk_uint32_t) DUK_HOBJECT_GET_CLASS_NUMBER(h));
		duk_debug_write_heapptr(thr, (duk_heaphdr *) DUK_HOBJECT_GET_PROTOTYPE(heap, h));
		duk_debug_write_uint(thr, (duk_uint32_t) DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ESIZE(h));
		duk_debug_write_uint(thr, (duk_uint32_t) DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ENEXT(h));
		duk_debug_write_uint(thr, (duk_uint32_t) DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ASIZE(h));
		duk_debug_write_uint(thr, (duk_uint32_t) DUK_HOBJECT_GET_HSIZE(h));

		for (i = 0; i < (duk_uint_fast32_t) DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ENEXT(h); i++) {
			duk_debug_write_uint(thr, (duk_uint32_t) DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_FLAGS(heap, h, i));
			k = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_KEY(heap, h, i);
			duk_debug_write_heapptr(thr, (duk_heaphdr *) k);
			if (k == NULL) {
				duk_debug_write_int(thr, 0);  /* isAccessor */
				duk_debug_write_unused(thr);
				continue;
			}
			if (DUK_HOBJECT_E_SLOT_IS_ACCESSOR(heap, h, i)) {
				duk_debug_write_int(thr, 1);  /* isAccessor */
				duk_debug_write_heapptr(thr, (duk_heaphdr *) DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_PTR(heap, h, i)->a.get);
				duk_debug_write_heapptr(thr, (duk_heaphdr *) DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_PTR(heap, h, i)->a.set);
			} else {
				duk_debug_write_int(thr, 0);  /* isAccessor */

				duk__debug_write_tval_heapptr(thr, &DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_PTR(heap, h, i)->v);
			}
		}

		for (i = 0; i < (duk_uint_fast32_t) DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ASIZE(h); i++) {
			/* Note: array dump will include elements beyond
			 * 'length'.
			 */
			duk__debug_write_tval_heapptr(thr, DUK_HOBJECT_A_GET_VALUE_PTR(heap, h, i));
		}
		break;
	}
	case DUK_HTYPE_BUFFER: {
		duk_hbuffer *h = (duk_hbuffer *) hdr;

		duk_debug_write_uint(thr, (duk_uint32_t) DUK_HBUFFER_GET_SIZE(h));
		duk_debug_write_buffer(thr, (const char *) DUK_HBUFFER_GET_DATA_PTR(heap, h), (duk_size_t) DUK_HBUFFER_GET_SIZE(h));
		break;
	}
	default: {
		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("invalid htype: %d", (int) DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_TYPE(hdr)));
	}
	}
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__debug_dump_heap_allocated(duk_hthread *thr, duk_heap *heap) {
	duk_heaphdr *hdr;

	hdr = heap->heap_allocated;
	while (hdr != NULL) {
		duk__debug_dump_heaphdr(thr, heap, hdr);
		hdr = DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_NEXT(heap, hdr);
	}
}

#if defined(DUK_USE_STRTAB_CHAIN)
DUK_LOCAL void duk__debug_dump_strtab_chain(duk_hthread *thr, duk_heap *heap) {
	duk_uint_fast32_t i, j;
	duk_strtab_entry *e;
#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
	duk_uint16_t *lst;
#else
	duk_hstring **lst;
#endif
	duk_hstring *h;

	for (i = 0; i < DUK_STRTAB_CHAIN_SIZE; i++) {
		e = heap->strtable + i;
		if (e->listlen > 0) {
#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
			lst = (duk_uint16_t *) DUK_USE_HEAPPTR_DEC16(heap->heap_udata, e->u.strlist16);
#else
			lst = e->u.strlist;
#endif
			DUK_ASSERT(lst != NULL);

			for (j = 0; j < e->listlen; j++) {
#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
				h = DUK_USE_HEAPPTR_DEC16(heap->heap_udata, lst[j]);
#else
				h = lst[j];
#endif
				if (h != NULL) {
					duk__debug_dump_heaphdr(thr, heap, (duk_heaphdr *) h);
				}
			}
		} else {
#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
			h = DUK_USE_HEAPPTR_DEC16(heap->heap_udata, e->u.str16);
#else
			h = e->u.str;
#endif
			if (h != NULL) {
				duk__debug_dump_heaphdr(thr, heap, (duk_heaphdr *) h);
			}
		}
	}
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_STRTAB_CHAIN */

#if defined(DUK_USE_STRTAB_PROBE)
DUK_LOCAL void duk__debug_dump_strtab_probe(duk_hthread *thr, duk_heap *heap) {
	duk_uint32_t i;
	duk_hstring *h;

	for (i = 0; i < heap->st_size; i++) {
#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
		h = DUK_USE_HEAPPTR_DEC16(heap->heap_udata, heap->strtable16[i]);
#else
		h = heap->strtable[i];
#endif
		if (h == NULL || h == DUK_STRTAB_DELETED_MARKER(heap)) {
			continue;
		}

		duk__debug_dump_heaphdr(thr, heap, (duk_heaphdr *) h);
	}
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_STRTAB_PROBE */

DUK_LOCAL void duk__debug_handle_dump_heap(duk_hthread *thr, duk_heap *heap) {
	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("debug command DumpHeap"));

	duk_debug_write_reply(thr);
	duk__debug_dump_heap_allocated(thr, heap);
#if defined(DUK_USE_STRTAB_CHAIN)
	duk__debug_dump_strtab_chain(thr, heap);
#endif
#if defined(DUK_USE_STRTAB_PROBE)
	duk__debug_dump_strtab_probe(thr, heap);
#endif
	duk_debug_write_eom(thr);
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_DUMPHEAP */

DUK_LOCAL void duk__debug_handle_get_bytecode(duk_hthread *thr, duk_heap *heap) {
	duk_activation *act;
	duk_hcompiledfunction *fun = NULL;
	duk_size_t i, n;
	duk_tval *tv;
	duk_hobject **fn;
	duk_int32_t level = -1;
	duk_uint8_t ibyte;

	DUK_UNREF(heap);

	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("debug command GetBytecode"));

	ibyte = duk_debug_peek_byte(thr);
	if (ibyte != DUK_DBG_IB_EOM) {
		tv = duk_debug_read_tval(thr);
		if (tv == NULL) {
			/* detached */
			return;
		}
		if (DUK_TVAL_IS_OBJECT(tv)) {
			/* tentative, checked later */
			fun = (duk_hcompiledfunction *) DUK_TVAL_GET_OBJECT(tv);
			DUK_ASSERT(fun != NULL);
		} else if (DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv)) {
			level = (duk_int32_t) DUK_TVAL_GET_NUMBER(tv);
		} else {
			DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("invalid argument to GetBytecode: %!T", tv));
			goto fail_args;
		}
	}

	if (fun == NULL) {
		if (level >= 0 || -level > (duk_int32_t) thr->callstack_top) {
			DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("invalid callstack level for GetBytecode"));
			goto fail_level;
		}
		act = thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top + level;
		fun = (duk_hcompiledfunction *) DUK_ACT_GET_FUNC(act);
	}

	if (fun == NULL || !DUK_HOBJECT_IS_COMPILEDFUNCTION((duk_hobject *) fun)) {
		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("invalid argument to GetBytecode: %!O", fun));
		goto fail_args;
	}
	DUK_ASSERT(fun != NULL && DUK_HOBJECT_IS_COMPILEDFUNCTION((duk_hobject *) fun));

	duk_debug_write_reply(thr);
	n = DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_CONSTS_COUNT(heap, fun);
	duk_debug_write_int(thr, (duk_int32_t) n);
	tv = DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_CONSTS_BASE(heap, fun);
	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		duk_debug_write_tval(thr, tv);
		tv++;
	}
	n = DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_FUNCS_COUNT(heap, fun);
	duk_debug_write_int(thr, (duk_int32_t) n);
	fn = DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_FUNCS_BASE(heap, fun);
	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		duk_debug_write_hobject(thr, *fn);
		fn++;
	}
	duk_debug_write_string(thr,
	                       (const char *) DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_CODE_BASE(heap, fun),
	                       (duk_size_t) DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_CODE_SIZE(heap, fun));
	duk_debug_write_eom(thr);
	return;

 fail_args:
	duk_debug_write_error_eom(thr, DUK_DBG_ERR_UNKNOWN, "invalid argument");
	return;

 fail_level:
	duk_debug_write_error_eom(thr, DUK_DBG_ERR_NOTFOUND, "invalid callstack level");
	return;
}

/*
 *  Object inspection commands: GetHeapObjInfo, GetObjPropDesc,
 *  GetObjPropDescRange
 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_INSPECT)

#if 0 /* pruned */
DUK_LOCAL const char * const duk__debug_getinfo_heaphdr_keys[] = {
	"reachable",
	"temproot",
	"finalizable",
	"finalized",
	"readonly"
	/* NULL not needed here */
};
DUK_LOCAL duk_uint_t duk__debug_getinfo_heaphdr_masks[] = {
	DUK_HEAPHDR_FLAG_REACHABLE,
	DUK_HEAPHDR_FLAG_TEMPROOT,
	DUK_HEAPHDR_FLAG_FINALIZABLE,
	DUK_HEAPHDR_FLAG_FINALIZED,
	DUK_HEAPHDR_FLAG_READONLY,
	0  /* terminator */
};
#endif
DUK_LOCAL const char * const duk__debug_getinfo_hstring_keys[] = {
#if 0
	"arridx",
	"internal",
	"reserved_word",
	"strict_reserved_word",
	"eval_or_arguments",
#endif
	"extdata"
	/* NULL not needed here */
};
DUK_LOCAL duk_uint_t duk__debug_getinfo_hstring_masks[] = {
#if 0
	DUK_HSTRING_FLAG_ARRIDX,
	DUK_HSTRING_FLAG_INTERNAL,
	DUK_HSTRING_FLAG_RESERVED_WORD,
	DUK_HSTRING_FLAG_STRICT_RESERVED_WORD,
	DUK_HSTRING_FLAG_EVAL_OR_ARGUMENTS,
#endif
	DUK_HSTRING_FLAG_EXTDATA,
	0  /* terminator */
};
DUK_LOCAL const char * const duk__debug_getinfo_hobject_keys[] = {
	"extensible",
	"constructable",
	"bound",
	"compiledfunction",
	"nativefunction",
	"bufferobject",
	"thread",
	"array_part",
	"strict",
	"notail",
	"newenv",
	"namebinding",
	"createargs",
	"envrecclosed",
	"exotic_array",
	"exotic_stringobj",
	"exotic_arguments",
	"exotic_dukfunc",
	"exotic_proxyobj"
	/* NULL not needed here */
};
DUK_LOCAL duk_uint_t duk__debug_getinfo_hobject_masks[] = {
	DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXTENSIBLE,
	DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_CONSTRUCTABLE,
	DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_BOUND,
	DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_COMPILEDFUNCTION,
	DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_NATIVEFUNCTION,
	DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_BUFFEROBJECT,
	DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_THREAD,
	DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_ARRAY_PART,
	DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_STRICT,
	DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_NOTAIL,
	DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_NEWENV,
	DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_NAMEBINDING,
	DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_CREATEARGS,
	DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_ENVRECCLOSED,
	DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXOTIC_ARRAY,
	DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXOTIC_STRINGOBJ,
	DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXOTIC_ARGUMENTS,
	DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXOTIC_DUKFUNC,
	DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXOTIC_PROXYOBJ,
	0  /* terminator */
};
DUK_LOCAL const char * const duk__debug_getinfo_hbuffer_keys[] = {
	"dynamic",
	"external"
	/* NULL not needed here */
};
DUK_LOCAL duk_uint_t duk__debug_getinfo_hbuffer_masks[] = {
	DUK_HBUFFER_FLAG_DYNAMIC,
	DUK_HBUFFER_FLAG_EXTERNAL,
	0  /* terminator */
};

DUK_LOCAL void duk__debug_getinfo_flags_key(duk_hthread *thr, const char *key) {
	duk_debug_write_uint(thr, 0);
	duk_debug_write_cstring(thr, key);
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__debug_getinfo_prop_uint(duk_hthread *thr, const char *key, duk_uint_t val) {
	duk_debug_write_uint(thr, 0);
	duk_debug_write_cstring(thr, key);
	duk_debug_write_uint(thr, val);
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__debug_getinfo_prop_int(duk_hthread *thr, const char *key, duk_int_t val) {
	duk_debug_write_uint(thr, 0);
	duk_debug_write_cstring(thr, key);
	duk_debug_write_int(thr, val);
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__debug_getinfo_prop_bool(duk_hthread *thr, const char *key, duk_bool_t val) {
	duk_debug_write_uint(thr, 0);
	duk_debug_write_cstring(thr, key);
	duk_debug_write_boolean(thr, val);
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__debug_getinfo_bitmask(duk_hthread *thr, const char * const * keys, duk_uint_t *masks, duk_uint_t flags) {
	const char *key;
	duk_uint_t mask;

	for (;;) {
		mask = *masks++;
		if (!mask) {
			break;
		}
		key = *keys++;
		DUK_ASSERT(key != NULL);

		DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("inspect bitmask: key=%s, mask=0x%08lx, flags=0x%08lx", key, (unsigned long) mask, (unsigned long) flags));
		duk__debug_getinfo_prop_bool(thr, key, flags & mask);
	}
}

/* Inspect a property using a virtual index into a conceptual property list
 * consisting of (1) all array part items from [0,a_size[ (even when above
 * .length) and (2) all entry part items from [0,e_next[.  Unused slots are
 * indicated using dvalue 'unused'.
 */
DUK_LOCAL duk_bool_t duk__debug_getprop_index(duk_hthread *thr, duk_heap *heap, duk_hobject *h_obj, duk_uint_t idx) {
	duk_uint_t a_size;
	duk_tval *tv;
	duk_hstring *h_key;
	duk_hobject *h_getset;
	duk_uint_t flags;

	DUK_UNREF(heap);

	a_size = DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ASIZE(h_obj);
	if (idx < a_size) {
		duk_debug_write_uint(thr, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_WEC);
		duk_debug_write_uint(thr, idx);
		tv = DUK_HOBJECT_A_GET_VALUE_PTR(heap, h_obj, idx);
		duk_debug_write_tval(thr, tv);
		return 1;
	}

	idx -= a_size;
	if (idx >= DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ENEXT(h_obj)) {
		return 0;
	}

	h_key = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_KEY(heap, h_obj, idx);
	if (h_key == NULL) {
		duk_debug_write_uint(thr, 0);
		duk_debug_write_null(thr);
		duk_debug_write_unused(thr);
		return 1;
	}

	flags = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_FLAGS(heap, h_obj, idx);
	if (DUK_HSTRING_HAS_INTERNAL(h_key)) {
		flags |= DUK_DBG_PROPFLAG_INTERNAL;
	}
	duk_debug_write_uint(thr, flags);
	duk_debug_write_hstring(thr, h_key);
	if (flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_ACCESSOR) {
		h_getset = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_GETTER(heap, h_obj, idx);
		if (h_getset) {
			duk_debug_write_hobject(thr, h_getset);
		} else {
			duk_debug_write_null(thr);
		}
		h_getset = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_SETTER(heap, h_obj, idx);
		if (h_getset) {
			duk_debug_write_hobject(thr, h_getset);
		} else {
			duk_debug_write_null(thr);
		}
	} else {
		tv = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_TVAL_PTR(heap, h_obj, idx);
		duk_debug_write_tval(thr, tv);
	}
	return 1;
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__debug_handle_get_heap_obj_info(duk_hthread *thr, duk_heap *heap) {
	duk_heaphdr *h;

	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("debug command GetHeapObjInfo"));
	DUK_UNREF(heap);

	h = duk_debug_read_any_ptr(thr);
	if (!h) {
		duk_debug_write_error_eom(thr, DUK_DBG_ERR_UNKNOWN, "invalid target");
		return;
	}

	duk_debug_write_reply(thr);

	/* As with all inspection code, we rely on the debug client providing
	 * a valid, non-stale pointer: there's no portable way to safely
	 * validate the pointer here.
	 */

	duk__debug_getinfo_flags_key(thr, "heapptr");
	duk_debug_write_heapptr(thr, h);

	/* XXX: comes out as signed now */
	duk__debug_getinfo_prop_uint(thr, "heaphdr_flags", (duk_uint_t) DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_FLAGS(h));
	duk__debug_getinfo_prop_uint(thr, "heaphdr_type", (duk_uint_t) DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_TYPE(h));
#if defined(DUK_USE_REFERENCE_COUNTING)
	duk__debug_getinfo_prop_uint(thr, "refcount", (duk_uint_t) DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_REFCOUNT(h));
#endif
#if 0 /* pruned */
	duk__debug_getinfo_bitmask(thr,
	                           duk__debug_getinfo_heaphdr_keys,
	                           duk__debug_getinfo_heaphdr_masks,
	                           DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_FLAGS_RAW(h));
#endif

	switch (DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_TYPE(h)) {
	case DUK_HTYPE_STRING: {
		duk_hstring *h_str;

		h_str = (duk_hstring *) h;
		duk__debug_getinfo_bitmask(thr,
		                           duk__debug_getinfo_hstring_keys,
		                           duk__debug_getinfo_hstring_masks,
		                           DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_FLAGS_RAW(h));
		duk__debug_getinfo_prop_uint(thr, "bytelen", DUK_HSTRING_GET_BYTELEN(h_str));
		duk__debug_getinfo_prop_uint(thr, "charlen", DUK_HSTRING_GET_CHARLEN(h_str));
		duk__debug_getinfo_prop_uint(thr, "hash", DUK_HSTRING_GET_HASH(h_str));
		duk__debug_getinfo_flags_key(thr, "data");
		duk_debug_write_hstring(thr, h_str);
		break;
	}
	case DUK_HTYPE_OBJECT: {
		duk_hobject *h_obj;
		duk_hobject *h_proto;

		h_obj = (duk_hobject *) h;
		h_proto = DUK_HOBJECT_GET_PROTOTYPE(heap, h_obj);

		/* duk_hobject specific fields. */
		duk__debug_getinfo_bitmask(thr,
		                           duk__debug_getinfo_hobject_keys,
		                           duk__debug_getinfo_hobject_masks,
		                           DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_FLAGS_RAW(h));
		duk__debug_getinfo_prop_uint(thr, "class_number", DUK_HOBJECT_GET_CLASS_NUMBER(h_obj));
		duk__debug_getinfo_flags_key(thr, "class_name");
		duk_debug_write_hstring(thr, DUK_HOBJECT_GET_CLASS_STRING(heap, h_obj));
		duk__debug_getinfo_flags_key(thr, "prototype");
		if (h_proto != NULL) {
			duk_debug_write_hobject(thr, h_proto);
		} else {
			duk_debug_write_null(thr);
		}
		duk__debug_getinfo_flags_key(thr, "props");
		duk_debug_write_pointer(thr, (void *) DUK_HOBJECT_GET_PROPS(heap, h_obj));
		duk__debug_getinfo_prop_uint(thr, "e_size", (duk_uint_t) DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ESIZE(h_obj));
		duk__debug_getinfo_prop_uint(thr, "e_next", (duk_uint_t) DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ENEXT(h_obj));
		duk__debug_getinfo_prop_uint(thr, "a_size", (duk_uint_t) DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ASIZE(h_obj));
		duk__debug_getinfo_prop_uint(thr, "h_size", (duk_uint_t) DUK_HOBJECT_GET_HSIZE(h_obj));

		/* duk_hnativefunction specific fields. */
		if (DUK_HOBJECT_IS_NATIVEFUNCTION(h_obj)) {
			duk_hnativefunction *h_fun;
			h_fun = (duk_hnativefunction *) h_obj;

			duk__debug_getinfo_prop_int(thr, "nargs", h_fun->nargs);
			duk__debug_getinfo_prop_int(thr, "magic", h_fun->magic);
			duk__debug_getinfo_prop_bool(thr, "varargs", h_fun->magic == DUK_HNATIVEFUNCTION_NARGS_VARARGS);
			/* Native function pointer may be different from a void pointer,
			 * and we serialize it from memory directly now (no byte swapping etc).
			 */
			duk__debug_getinfo_flags_key(thr, "funcptr");
			duk_debug_write_buffer(thr, (const char *) &h_fun->func, sizeof(h_fun->func));
		}

		if (DUK_HOBJECT_IS_COMPILEDFUNCTION(h_obj)) {
			duk_hcompiledfunction *h_fun;
			duk_hbuffer *h_buf;
			h_fun = (duk_hcompiledfunction *) h_obj;

			duk__debug_getinfo_prop_int(thr, "nregs", h_fun->nregs);
			duk__debug_getinfo_prop_int(thr, "nargs", h_fun->nargs);
			duk__debug_getinfo_prop_uint(thr, "start_line", h_fun->start_line);
			duk__debug_getinfo_prop_uint(thr, "end_line", h_fun->end_line);
			h_buf = (duk_hbuffer *) DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_DATA(thr->heap, h_fun);
			if (h_buf != NULL) {
				duk__debug_getinfo_flags_key(thr, "data");
				duk_debug_write_heapptr(thr, (duk_heaphdr *) h_buf);
			}
		}

		if (DUK_HOBJECT_IS_THREAD(h_obj)) {
			/* XXX: Currently no inspection of threads, e.g. value stack, call
			 * stack, catch stack, etc.
			 */
			duk_hthread *h_thr;
			h_thr = (duk_hthread *) h_obj;
			DUK_UNREF(h_thr);
		}

		if (DUK_HOBJECT_IS_BUFFEROBJECT(h_obj)) {
			duk_hbufferobject *h_bufobj;
			h_bufobj = (duk_hbufferobject *) h_obj;

			duk__debug_getinfo_prop_uint(thr, "slice_offset", h_bufobj->offset);
			duk__debug_getinfo_prop_uint(thr, "slice_length", h_bufobj->length);
			duk__debug_getinfo_prop_uint(thr, "elem_shift", (duk_uint_t) h_bufobj->shift);
			duk__debug_getinfo_prop_uint(thr, "elem_type", (duk_uint_t) h_bufobj->elem_type);
			duk__debug_getinfo_prop_bool(thr, "is_view", (duk_uint_t) h_bufobj->is_view);
			if (h_bufobj->buf != NULL) {
				duk__debug_getinfo_flags_key(thr, "buffer");
				duk_debug_write_heapptr(thr, (duk_heaphdr *) h_bufobj->buf);
			}
		}
		break;
	}
	case DUK_HTYPE_BUFFER: {
		duk_hbuffer *h_buf;

		h_buf = (duk_hbuffer *) h;
		duk__debug_getinfo_bitmask(thr,
		                           duk__debug_getinfo_hbuffer_keys,
		                           duk__debug_getinfo_hbuffer_masks,
		                           DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_FLAGS_RAW(h));
		duk__debug_getinfo_prop_uint(thr, "size", (duk_uint_t) DUK_HBUFFER_GET_SIZE(h_buf));
		duk__debug_getinfo_flags_key(thr, "dataptr");
		duk_debug_write_pointer(thr, (void *) DUK_HBUFFER_GET_DATA_PTR(thr->heap, h_buf));
		duk__debug_getinfo_flags_key(thr, "data");
		duk_debug_write_hbuffer(thr, h_buf);  /* tolerates NULL h_buf */
		break;
	}
	default: {
		/* Since we already started writing the reply, just emit nothing. */
		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("inspect target pointer has invalid heaphdr type"));
	}
	}

	duk_debug_write_eom(thr);
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__debug_handle_get_obj_prop_desc(duk_hthread *thr, duk_heap *heap) {
	duk_heaphdr *h;
	duk_hobject *h_obj;
	duk_hstring *h_key;
	duk_propdesc desc;

	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("debug command GetObjPropDesc"));
	DUK_UNREF(heap);

	h = duk_debug_read_any_ptr(thr);
	if (!h) {
		duk_debug_write_error_eom(thr, DUK_DBG_ERR_UNKNOWN, "invalid target");
		return;
	}
	h_key = duk_debug_read_hstring(thr);
	if (h == NULL || DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_TYPE(h) != DUK_HTYPE_OBJECT || h_key == NULL) {
		goto fail_args;
	}
	h_obj = (duk_hobject *) h;

	if (duk_hobject_get_own_propdesc(thr, h_obj, h_key, &desc, 0 /*flags*/)) {
		duk_int_t virtual_idx;
		duk_bool_t rc;

		/* To use the shared helper need the virtual index. */
		DUK_ASSERT(desc.e_idx >= 0 || desc.a_idx >= 0);
		virtual_idx = (desc.a_idx >= 0 ? desc.a_idx :
		               (duk_int_t) DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ASIZE(h_obj) + desc.e_idx);

		duk_debug_write_reply(thr);
		rc = duk__debug_getprop_index(thr, heap, h_obj, (duk_uint_t) virtual_idx);
		DUK_ASSERT(rc == 1);
		DUK_UNREF(rc);
		duk_debug_write_eom(thr);
	} else {
		duk_debug_write_error_eom(thr, DUK_DBG_ERR_NOTFOUND, "not found");
	}
	return;

 fail_args:
	duk_debug_write_error_eom(thr, DUK_DBG_ERR_UNKNOWN, "invalid args");
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__debug_handle_get_obj_prop_desc_range(duk_hthread *thr, duk_heap *heap) {
	duk_heaphdr *h;
	duk_hobject *h_obj;
	duk_uint_t idx, idx_start, idx_end;

	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("debug command GetObjPropDescRange"));
	DUK_UNREF(heap);

	h = duk_debug_read_any_ptr(thr);
	idx_start = duk_debug_read_int(thr);
	idx_end = duk_debug_read_int(thr);
	if (h == NULL || DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_TYPE(h) != DUK_HTYPE_OBJECT) {
		goto fail_args;
	}
	h_obj = (duk_hobject *) h;

	/* The index range space is conceptually the array part followed by the
	 * entry part.  Unlike normal enumeration all slots are exposed here as
	 * is and return 'unused' if the slots are not in active use.  In particular
	 * the array part is included for the full a_size regardless of what the
	 * array .length is.
	 */

	duk_debug_write_reply(thr);
	for (idx = idx_start; idx < idx_end; idx++) {
		if (!duk__debug_getprop_index(thr, heap, h_obj, idx)) {
			break;
		}
	}
	duk_debug_write_eom(thr);
	return;

 fail_args:
	duk_debug_write_error_eom(thr, DUK_DBG_ERR_UNKNOWN, "invalid args");
}

#endif  /* DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_INSPECT */

/*
 *  Process incoming debug requests
 *
 *  Individual request handlers can push temporaries on the value stack and
 *  rely on duk__debug_process_message() to restore the value stack top
 *  automatically.
 */

/* Process one debug message.  Automatically restore value stack top to its
 * entry value, so that individual message handlers don't need exact value
 * stack handling which is convenient.
 */
DUK_LOCAL void duk__debug_process_message(duk_hthread *thr) {
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk_heap *heap;
	duk_uint8_t x;
	duk_int32_t cmd;
	duk_idx_t entry_top;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	heap = thr->heap;
	DUK_ASSERT(heap != NULL);
	DUK_UNREF(ctx);

	entry_top = duk_get_top(ctx);

	x = duk_debug_read_byte(thr);
	switch (x) {
	case DUK_DBG_IB_REQUEST: {
		cmd = duk_debug_read_int(thr);
		switch (cmd) {
		case DUK_DBG_CMD_BASICINFO: {
			duk__debug_handle_basic_info(thr, heap);
			break;
		}
		case DUK_DBG_CMD_TRIGGERSTATUS: {
			duk__debug_handle_trigger_status(thr, heap);
			break;
		}
		case DUK_DBG_CMD_PAUSE: {
			duk__debug_handle_pause(thr, heap);
			break;
		}
		case DUK_DBG_CMD_RESUME: {
			duk__debug_handle_resume(thr, heap);
			break;
		}
		case DUK_DBG_CMD_STEPINTO:
		case DUK_DBG_CMD_STEPOVER:
		case DUK_DBG_CMD_STEPOUT: {
			duk__debug_handle_step(thr, heap, cmd);
			break;
		}
		case DUK_DBG_CMD_LISTBREAK: {
			duk__debug_handle_list_break(thr, heap);
			break;
		}
		case DUK_DBG_CMD_ADDBREAK: {
			duk__debug_handle_add_break(thr, heap);
			break;
		}
		case DUK_DBG_CMD_DELBREAK: {
			duk__debug_handle_del_break(thr, heap);
			break;
		}
		case DUK_DBG_CMD_GETVAR: {
			duk__debug_handle_get_var(thr, heap);
			break;
		}
		case DUK_DBG_CMD_PUTVAR: {
			duk__debug_handle_put_var(thr, heap);
			break;
		}
		case DUK_DBG_CMD_GETCALLSTACK: {
			duk__debug_handle_get_call_stack(thr, heap);
			break;
		}
		case DUK_DBG_CMD_GETLOCALS: {
			duk__debug_handle_get_locals(thr, heap);
			break;
		}
		case DUK_DBG_CMD_EVAL: {
			duk__debug_handle_eval(thr, heap);
			break;
		}
		case DUK_DBG_CMD_DETACH: {
			/* The actual detached_cb call is postponed to message loop so
			 * we don't need any special precautions here (just skip to EOM
			 * on the already closed connection).
			 */
			duk__debug_handle_detach(thr, heap);
			break;
		}
#if defined(DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_DUMPHEAP)
		case DUK_DBG_CMD_DUMPHEAP: {
			duk__debug_handle_dump_heap(thr, heap);
			break;
		}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_DUMPHEAP */
		case DUK_DBG_CMD_GETBYTECODE: {
			duk__debug_handle_get_bytecode(thr, heap);
			break;
		}
		case DUK_DBG_CMD_APPREQUEST: {
			duk__debug_handle_apprequest(thr, heap);
			break;
		}
#if defined(DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_INSPECT)
		case DUK_DBG_CMD_GETHEAPOBJINFO: {
			duk__debug_handle_get_heap_obj_info(thr, heap);
			break;
		}
		case DUK_DBG_CMD_GETOBJPROPDESC: {
			duk__debug_handle_get_obj_prop_desc(thr, heap);
			break;
		}
		case DUK_DBG_CMD_GETOBJPROPDESCRANGE: {
			duk__debug_handle_get_obj_prop_desc_range(thr, heap);
			break;
		}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_INSPECT */
		default: {
			DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("debug command unsupported: %d", (int) cmd));
			duk_debug_write_error_eom(thr, DUK_DBG_ERR_UNSUPPORTED, "unsupported command");
		}
		}  /* switch cmd */
		break;
	}
	case DUK_DBG_IB_REPLY: {
		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("debug reply, skipping"));
		break;
	}
	case DUK_DBG_IB_ERROR: {
		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("debug error, skipping"));
		break;
	}
	case DUK_DBG_IB_NOTIFY: {
		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("debug notify, skipping"));
		break;
	}
	default: {
		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("invalid initial byte, drop connection: %d", (int) x));
		goto fail;
	}
	}  /* switch initial byte */

	DUK_ASSERT(duk_get_top(ctx) >= entry_top);
	duk_set_top(ctx, entry_top);
	duk__debug_skip_to_eom(thr);
	return;

 fail:
	DUK_ASSERT(duk_get_top(ctx) >= entry_top);
	duk_set_top(ctx, entry_top);
	DUK__SET_CONN_BROKEN(thr, 1);
	return;
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__check_resend_status(duk_hthread *thr) {
	if (thr->heap->dbg_read_cb != NULL && thr->heap->dbg_state_dirty) {
		duk_debug_send_status(thr);
		thr->heap->dbg_state_dirty = 0;
	}
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_debug_process_messages(duk_hthread *thr, duk_bool_t no_block) {
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
#if defined(DUK_USE_ASSERTIONS)
	duk_idx_t entry_top;
#endif
	duk_bool_t retval = 0;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_UNREF(ctx);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->heap != NULL);
#if defined(DUK_USE_ASSERTIONS)
	entry_top = duk_get_top(ctx);
#endif

	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("process debug messages: read_cb=%s, no_block=%ld, detaching=%ld, processing=%ld",
	                 thr->heap->dbg_read_cb ? "not NULL" : "NULL", (long) no_block,
	                 (long) thr->heap->dbg_detaching, (long) thr->heap->dbg_processing));
	DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("top at entry: %ld", (long) duk_get_top(ctx)));

	/* thr->heap->dbg_detaching may be != 0 if a debugger write outside
	 * the message loop caused a transport error and detach1() to run.
	 */
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->heap->dbg_detaching == 0 || thr->heap->dbg_detaching == 1);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->heap->dbg_processing == 0);
	thr->heap->dbg_processing = 1;

	/* Ensure dirty state causes a Status even if never process any
	 * messages.  This is expected by the bytecode executor when in
	 * the running state.
	 */
	duk__check_resend_status(thr);

	for (;;) {
		/* Process messages until we're no longer paused or we peek
		 * and see there's nothing to read right now.
		 */
		DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("top at loop top: %ld", (long) duk_get_top(ctx)));
		DUK_ASSERT(thr->heap->dbg_processing == 1);

		while (thr->heap->dbg_read_cb == NULL && thr->heap->dbg_detaching) {
			/* Detach is pending; can be triggered from outside the
			 * debugger loop (e.g. Status notify write error) or by
			 * previous message handling.  Call detached callback
			 * here, in a controlled state, to ensure a possible
			 * reattach inside the detached_cb is handled correctly.
			 *
			 * Recheck for detach in a while loop: an immediate
			 * reattach involves a call to duk_debugger_attach()
			 * which writes a debugger handshake line immediately
			 * inside the API call.  If the transport write fails
			 * for that handshake, we can immediately end up in a
			 * "transport broken, detaching" case several times here.
			 * Loop back until we're either cleanly attached or
			 * fully detached.
			 *
			 * NOTE: Reset dbg_processing = 1 forcibly, in case we
			 * re-attached; duk_debugger_attach() sets dbg_processing
			 * to 0 at the moment.
			 */

			DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("detach pending (dbg_read_cb == NULL, dbg_detaching != 0), call detach2"));

			duk__debug_do_detach2(thr->heap);
			thr->heap->dbg_processing = 1;  /* may be set to 0 by duk_debugger_attach() inside callback */

			DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("after detach2 (and possible reattach): dbg_read_cb=%s, dbg_detaching=%ld",
			                 thr->heap->dbg_read_cb ? "not NULL" : "NULL", (long) thr->heap->dbg_detaching));
		}
		DUK_ASSERT(thr->heap->dbg_detaching == 0);  /* true even with reattach */
		DUK_ASSERT(thr->heap->dbg_processing == 1);  /* even after a detach and possible reattach */

		if (thr->heap->dbg_read_cb == NULL) {
			DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("debug connection broken (and not detaching), stop processing messages"));
			break;
		}

		if (!thr->heap->dbg_paused || no_block) {
			if (!duk_debug_read_peek(thr)) {
				/* Note: peek cannot currently trigger a detach
				 * so the dbg_detaching == 0 assert outside the
				 * loop is correct.
				 */
				DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("processing debug message, peek indicated no data, stop processing messages"));
				break;
			}
			DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("processing debug message, peek indicated there is data, handle it"));
		} else {
			DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("paused, process debug message, blocking if necessary"));
		}

		duk__check_resend_status(thr);
		duk__debug_process_message(thr);
		duk__check_resend_status(thr);

		retval = 1;  /* processed one or more messages */
	}

	DUK_ASSERT(thr->heap->dbg_detaching == 0);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->heap->dbg_processing == 1);
	thr->heap->dbg_processing = 0;

	/* As an initial implementation, read flush after exiting the message
	 * loop.  If transport is broken, this is a no-op (with debug logs).
	 */
	duk_debug_read_flush(thr);  /* this cannot initiate a detach */
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->heap->dbg_detaching == 0);

	DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("top at exit: %ld", (long) duk_get_top(ctx)));

#if defined(DUK_USE_ASSERTIONS)
	/* Easy to get wrong, so assert for it. */
	DUK_ASSERT(entry_top == duk_get_top(ctx));
#endif

	return retval;
}

/*
 *  Halt execution helper
 */

/* Halt execution and enter a debugger message loop until execution is resumed
 * by the client.  PC for the current activation may be temporarily decremented
 * so that the "current" instruction will be shown by the client.  This helper
 * is callable from anywhere, also outside bytecode executor.
 */

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_debug_halt_execution(duk_hthread *thr, duk_bool_t use_prev_pc) {
	duk_activation *act;
	duk_hcompiledfunction *fun;
	duk_instr_t *old_pc = NULL;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->heap != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HEAP_IS_DEBUGGER_ATTACHED(thr->heap));
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->heap->dbg_processing == 0);

	DUK_HEAP_SET_PAUSED(thr->heap);

	act = duk_hthread_get_current_activation(thr);

	/* NOTE: act may be NULL if an error is thrown outside of any activation,
	 * which may happen in the case of, e.g. syntax errors.
	 */

	/* Decrement PC if that was requested, this requires a PC sync. */
	if (act != NULL) {
		duk_hthread_sync_currpc(thr);
		old_pc = act->curr_pc;
		fun = (duk_hcompiledfunction *) DUK_ACT_GET_FUNC(act);

		/* Short circuit if is safe: if act->curr_pc != NULL, 'fun' is
		 * guaranteed to be a non-NULL Ecmascript function.
		 */
		DUK_ASSERT(act->curr_pc == NULL ||
		           (fun != NULL && DUK_HOBJECT_IS_COMPILEDFUNCTION((duk_hobject *) fun)));
		if (use_prev_pc &&
		    act->curr_pc != NULL &&
		    act->curr_pc > DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_CODE_BASE(thr->heap, fun)) {
			act->curr_pc--;
		}
	}

	/* Process debug messages until we are no longer paused. */

	/* NOTE: This is a bit fragile.  It's important to ensure that
	 * duk_debug_process_messages() never throws an error or
	 * act->curr_pc will never be reset.
	 */

	thr->heap->dbg_state_dirty = 1;
	while (thr->heap->dbg_paused) {
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HEAP_IS_DEBUGGER_ATTACHED(thr->heap));
		DUK_ASSERT(thr->heap->dbg_processing);
		duk_debug_process_messages(thr, 0 /*no_block*/);
	}

	/* XXX: Decrementing and restoring act->curr_pc works now, but if the
	 * debugger message loop gains the ability to adjust the current PC
	 * (e.g. a forced jump) restoring the PC here will break.  Another
	 * approach would be to use a state flag for the "decrement 1 from
	 * topmost activation's PC" and take it into account whenever dealing
	 * with PC values.
	 */
	if (act != NULL) {
		act->curr_pc = old_pc;  /* restore PC */
	}
}

/*
 *  Breakpoint management
 */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_small_int_t duk_debug_add_breakpoint(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hstring *filename, duk_uint32_t line) {
	duk_heap *heap;
	duk_breakpoint *b;

	/* Caller must trigger recomputation of active breakpoint list.  To
	 * ensure stale values are not used if that doesn't happen, clear the
	 * active breakpoint list here.
	 */

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(filename != NULL);
	heap = thr->heap;
	DUK_ASSERT(heap != NULL);

	if (heap->dbg_breakpoint_count >= DUK_HEAP_MAX_BREAKPOINTS) {
		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("failed to add breakpoint for %O:%ld, all breakpoint slots used",
		                 (duk_heaphdr *) filename, (long) line));
		return -1;
	}
	heap->dbg_breakpoints_active[0] = (duk_breakpoint *) NULL;
	b = heap->dbg_breakpoints + (heap->dbg_breakpoint_count++);
	b->filename = filename;
	b->line = line;
	DUK_HSTRING_INCREF(thr, filename);

	return heap->dbg_breakpoint_count - 1;  /* index */
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_debug_remove_breakpoint(duk_hthread *thr, duk_small_uint_t breakpoint_index) {
	duk_heap *heap;
	duk_hstring *h;
	duk_breakpoint *b;
	duk_size_t move_size;

	/* Caller must trigger recomputation of active breakpoint list.  To
	 * ensure stale values are not used if that doesn't happen, clear the
	 * active breakpoint list here.
	 */

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	heap = thr->heap;
	DUK_ASSERT(heap != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HEAP_IS_DEBUGGER_ATTACHED(thr->heap));
	DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(breakpoint_index >= 0);  /* unsigned */

	if (breakpoint_index >= heap->dbg_breakpoint_count) {
		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("invalid breakpoint index: %ld", (long) breakpoint_index));
		return 0;
	}
	b = heap->dbg_breakpoints + breakpoint_index;

	h = b->filename;
	DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);

	move_size = sizeof(duk_breakpoint) * (heap->dbg_breakpoint_count - breakpoint_index - 1);
	if (move_size > 0) {
		DUK_MEMMOVE((void *) b,
		            (const void *) (b + 1),
		            (size_t) move_size);
	}
	heap->dbg_breakpoint_count--;
	heap->dbg_breakpoints_active[0] = (duk_breakpoint *) NULL;

	DUK_HSTRING_DECREF(thr, h);  /* side effects */
	DUK_UNREF(h);  /* w/o refcounting */

	/* Breakpoint entries above the used area are left as garbage. */

	return 1;
}

#undef DUK__SET_CONN_BROKEN

#else  /* DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_SUPPORT */

/* No debugger support. */

#endif  /* DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_SUPPORT */
/*
 *  Augmenting errors at their creation site and their throw site.
 *
 *  When errors are created, traceback data is added by built-in code
 *  and a user error handler (if defined) can process or replace the
 *  error.  Similarly, when errors are thrown, a user error handler
 *  (if defined) can process or replace the error.
 *
 *  Augmentation and other processing at error creation time is nice
 *  because an error is only created once, but it may be thrown and
 *  rethrown multiple times.  User error handler registered for processing
 *  an error at its throw site must be careful to handle rethrowing in
 *  a useful manner.
 *
 *  Error augmentation may throw an internal error (e.g. alloc error).
 *
 *  Ecmascript allows throwing any values, so all values cannot be
 *  augmented.  Currently, the built-in augmentation at error creation
 *  only augments error values which are Error instances (= have the
 *  built-in Error.prototype in their prototype chain) and are also
 *  extensible.  User error handlers have no limitations in this respect.
 */

/* include removed: duk_internal.h */

/*
 *  Helper for calling a user error handler.
 *
 *  'thr' must be the currently active thread; the error handler is called
 *  in its context.  The valstack of 'thr' must have the error value on
 *  top, and will be replaced by another error value based on the return
 *  value of the error handler.
 *
 *  The helper calls duk_handle_call() recursively in protected mode.
 *  Before that call happens, no longjmps should happen; as a consequence,
 *  we must assume that the valstack contains enough temporary space for
 *  arguments and such.
 *
 *  While the error handler runs, any errors thrown will not trigger a
 *  recursive error handler call (this is implemented using a heap level
 *  flag which will "follow" through any coroutines resumed inside the
 *  error handler).  If the error handler is not callable or throws an
 *  error, the resulting error replaces the original error (for Duktape
 *  internal errors, duk_error_throw.c further substitutes this error with
 *  a DoubleError which is not ideal).  This would be easy to change and
 *  even signal to the caller.
 *
 *  The user error handler is stored in 'Duktape.errCreate' or
 *  'Duktape.errThrow' depending on whether we're augmenting the error at
 *  creation or throw time.  There are several alternatives to this approach,
 *  see doc/error-objects.rst for discussion.
 *
 *  Note: since further longjmp()s may occur while calling the error handler
 *  (for many reasons, e.g. a labeled 'break' inside the handler), the
 *  caller can make no assumptions on the thr->heap->lj state after the
 *  call (this affects especially duk_error_throw.c).  This is not an issue
 *  as long as the caller writes to the lj state only after the error handler
 *  finishes.
 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_ERRTHROW) || defined(DUK_USE_ERRCREATE)
DUK_LOCAL void duk__err_augment_user(duk_hthread *thr, duk_small_uint_t stridx_cb) {
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk_tval *tv_hnd;
	duk_small_uint_t call_flags;
	duk_int_t rc;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->heap != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(stridx_cb >= 0);  /* unsigned */
	DUK_ASSERT(stridx_cb < DUK_HEAP_NUM_STRINGS);

	if (DUK_HEAP_HAS_ERRHANDLER_RUNNING(thr->heap)) {
		DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("recursive call to error handler, ignore"));
		return;
	}

	/*
	 *  Check whether or not we have an error handler.
	 *
	 *  We must be careful of not triggering an error when looking up the
	 *  property.  For instance, if the property is a getter, we don't want
	 *  to call it, only plain values are allowed.  The value, if it exists,
	 *  is not checked.  If the value is not a function, a TypeError happens
	 *  when it is called and that error replaces the original one.
	 */

	DUK_ASSERT_VALSTACK_SPACE(thr, 4);  /* 3 entries actually needed below */

	/* [ ... errval ] */

	if (thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_DUKTAPE] == NULL) {
		/* When creating built-ins, some of the built-ins may not be set
		 * and we want to tolerate that when throwing errors.
		 */
		DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("error occurred when DUK_BIDX_DUKTAPE is NULL, ignoring"));
		return;
	}
	tv_hnd = duk_hobject_find_existing_entry_tval_ptr(thr->heap,
	                                                  thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_DUKTAPE],
	                                                  DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING(thr, stridx_cb));
	if (tv_hnd == NULL) {
		DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("error handler does not exist or is not a plain value: %!T",
		                   (duk_tval *) tv_hnd));
		return;
	}
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("error handler dump (callability not checked): %!T",
	                     (duk_tval *) tv_hnd));
	duk_push_tval(ctx, tv_hnd);

	/* [ ... errval errhandler ] */

	duk_insert(ctx, -2);  /* -> [ ... errhandler errval ] */
	duk_push_undefined(ctx);
	duk_insert(ctx, -2);  /* -> [ ... errhandler undefined(= this) errval ] */

	/* [ ... errhandler undefined errval ] */

	/*
	 *  DUK_CALL_FLAG_IGNORE_RECLIMIT causes duk_handle_call() to ignore C
	 *  recursion depth limit (and won't increase it either).  This is
	 *  dangerous, but useful because it allows the error handler to run
	 *  even if the original error is caused by C recursion depth limit.
	 *
	 *  The heap level DUK_HEAP_FLAG_ERRHANDLER_RUNNING is set for the
	 *  duration of the error handler and cleared afterwards.  This flag
	 *  prevents the error handler from running recursively.  The flag is
	 *  heap level so that the flag properly controls even coroutines
	 *  launched by an error handler.  Since the flag is heap level, it is
	 *  critical to restore it correctly.
	 *
	 *  We ignore errors now: a success return and an error value both
	 *  replace the original error value.  (This would be easy to change.)
	 */

	DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HEAP_HAS_ERRHANDLER_RUNNING(thr->heap));  /* since no recursive error handler calls */
	DUK_HEAP_SET_ERRHANDLER_RUNNING(thr->heap);

	call_flags = DUK_CALL_FLAG_IGNORE_RECLIMIT;  /* ignore reclimit, not constructor */

	rc = duk_handle_call_protected(thr,
	                               1,            /* num args */
	                               call_flags);  /* call_flags */
	DUK_UNREF(rc);  /* no need to check now: both success and error are OK */

	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HEAP_HAS_ERRHANDLER_RUNNING(thr->heap));
	DUK_HEAP_CLEAR_ERRHANDLER_RUNNING(thr->heap);

	/* [ ... errval ] */
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_ERRTHROW || DUK_USE_ERRCREATE */

/*
 *  Add ._Tracedata to an error on the stack top.
 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_TRACEBACKS)
DUK_LOCAL void duk__add_traceback(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hthread *thr_callstack, const char *c_filename, duk_int_t c_line, duk_bool_t noblame_fileline) {
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk_small_uint_t depth;
	duk_int_t i, i_min;
	duk_uarridx_t arr_idx;
	duk_double_t d;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr_callstack != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(ctx != NULL);

	/* [ ... error ] */

	/*
	 *  The traceback format is pretty arcane in an attempt to keep it compact
	 *  and cheap to create.  It may change arbitrarily from version to version.
	 *  It should be decoded/accessed through version specific accessors only.
	 *
	 *  See doc/error-objects.rst.
	 */

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("adding traceback to object: %!T",
	                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));

	duk_push_array(ctx);  /* XXX: specify array size, as we know it */
	arr_idx = 0;

	/* Compiler SyntaxErrors (and other errors) come first, and are
	 * blamed by default (not flagged "noblame").
	 */
	if (thr->compile_ctx != NULL && thr->compile_ctx->h_filename != NULL) {
		duk_push_hstring(ctx, thr->compile_ctx->h_filename);
		duk_xdef_prop_index_wec(ctx, -2, arr_idx);
		arr_idx++;

		duk_push_uint(ctx, (duk_uint_t) thr->compile_ctx->curr_token.start_line);  /* (flags<<32) + (line), flags = 0 */
		duk_xdef_prop_index_wec(ctx, -2, arr_idx);
		arr_idx++;
	}

	/* Filename/line from C macros (__FILE__, __LINE__) are added as an
	 * entry with a special format: (string, number).  The number contains
	 * the line and flags.
	 */

	/* XXX: optimize: allocate an array part to the necessary size (upwards
	 * estimate) and fill in the values directly into the array part; finally
	 * update 'length'.
	 */

	/* XXX: using duk_put_prop_index() would cause obscure error cases when Array.prototype
	 * has write-protected array index named properties.  This was seen as DoubleErrors
	 * in e.g. some test262 test cases.  Using duk_xdef_prop_index() is better but heavier.
	 * The best fix is to fill in the tracedata directly into the array part.  There are
	 * no side effect concerns if the array part is allocated directly and only INCREFs
	 * happen after that.
	 */

	/* [ ... error arr ] */

	if (c_filename) {
		duk_push_string(ctx, c_filename);
		duk_xdef_prop_index_wec(ctx, -2, arr_idx);
		arr_idx++;

		d = (noblame_fileline ? ((duk_double_t) DUK_TB_FLAG_NOBLAME_FILELINE) * DUK_DOUBLE_2TO32 : 0.0) +
		    (duk_double_t) c_line;
		duk_push_number(ctx, d);
		duk_xdef_prop_index_wec(ctx, -2, arr_idx);
		arr_idx++;
	}

	/* traceback depth doesn't take into account the filename/line
	 * special handling above (intentional)
	 */
	depth = DUK_USE_TRACEBACK_DEPTH;
	i_min = (thr_callstack->callstack_top > (duk_size_t) depth ? (duk_int_t) (thr_callstack->callstack_top - depth) : 0);
	DUK_ASSERT(i_min >= 0);

	/* [ ... error arr ] */

	DUK_ASSERT(thr_callstack->callstack_top <= DUK_INT_MAX);  /* callstack limits */
	for (i = (duk_int_t) (thr_callstack->callstack_top - 1); i >= i_min; i--) {
		duk_uint32_t pc;

		/*
		 *  Note: each API operation potentially resizes the callstack,
		 *  so be careful to re-lookup after every operation.  Currently
		 *  these is no issue because we don't store a temporary 'act'
		 *  pointer at all.  (This would be a non-issue if we operated
		 *  directly on the array part.)
		 */

		/* [... arr] */

		DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(thr_callstack->callstack[i].pc >= 0);  /* unsigned */

		/* Add function object. */
		duk_push_tval(ctx, &(thr_callstack->callstack + i)->tv_func);
		duk_xdef_prop_index_wec(ctx, -2, arr_idx);
		arr_idx++;

		/* Add a number containing: pc, activation flags.
		 *
		 * PC points to next instruction, find offending PC.  Note that
		 * PC == 0 for native code.
		 */
		pc = duk_hthread_get_act_prev_pc(thr_callstack, thr_callstack->callstack + i);
		DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(pc >= 0);  /* unsigned */
		DUK_ASSERT((duk_double_t) pc < DUK_DOUBLE_2TO32);  /* assume PC is at most 32 bits and non-negative */
		d = ((duk_double_t) thr_callstack->callstack[i].flags) * DUK_DOUBLE_2TO32 + (duk_double_t) pc;
		duk_push_number(ctx, d);  /* -> [... arr num] */
		duk_xdef_prop_index_wec(ctx, -2, arr_idx);
		arr_idx++;
	}

	/* XXX: set with duk_hobject_set_length() when tracedata is filled directly */
	duk_push_uint(ctx, (duk_uint_t) arr_idx);
	duk_xdef_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_LENGTH, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_WC);

	/* [ ... error arr ] */

	duk_xdef_prop_stridx_wec(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_INT_TRACEDATA);  /* -> [ ... error ] */
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_TRACEBACKS */

/*
 *  Add .fileName and .lineNumber to an error on the stack top.
 */

#if !defined(DUK_USE_TRACEBACKS)
DUK_LOCAL void duk__add_fileline(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hthread *thr_callstack, const char *c_filename, duk_int_t c_line, duk_bool_t noblame_fileline) {
	duk_context *ctx;
#if defined(DUK_USE_ASSERTIONS)
	duk_int_t entry_top;
#endif

	ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
#if defined(DUK_USE_ASSERTIONS)
	entry_top = duk_get_top(ctx);
#endif

	/*
	 *  If tracebacks are disabled, 'fileName' and 'lineNumber' are added
	 *  as plain own properties.  Since Error.prototype has accessors of
	 *  the same name, we need to define own properties directly (cannot
	 *  just use e.g. duk_put_prop_stridx).  Existing properties are not
	 *  overwritten in case they already exist.
	 */

	if (thr->compile_ctx != NULL && thr->compile_ctx->h_filename != NULL) {
		/* Compiler SyntaxError (or other error) gets the primary blame.
		 * Currently no flag to prevent blaming.
		 */
		duk_push_uint(ctx, (duk_uint_t) thr->compile_ctx->curr_token.start_line);
		duk_push_hstring(ctx, thr->compile_ctx->h_filename);
	} else if (c_filename && !noblame_fileline) {
		/* C call site gets blamed next, unless flagged not to do so.
		 * XXX: file/line is disabled in minimal builds, so disable this
		 * too when appropriate.
		 */
		duk_push_int(ctx, c_line);
		duk_push_string(ctx, c_filename);
	} else {
		/* Finally, blame the innermost callstack entry which has a
		 * .fileName property.
		 */
		duk_small_uint_t depth;
		duk_int_t i, i_min;
		duk_uint32_t ecma_line;

		depth = DUK_USE_TRACEBACK_DEPTH;
		i_min = (thr_callstack->callstack_top > (duk_size_t) depth ? (duk_int_t) (thr_callstack->callstack_top - depth) : 0);
		DUK_ASSERT(i_min >= 0);

		DUK_ASSERT(thr_callstack->callstack_top <= DUK_INT_MAX);  /* callstack limits */
		for (i = (duk_int_t) (thr_callstack->callstack_top - 1); i >= i_min; i--) {
			duk_activation *act;
			duk_hobject *func;
			duk_uint32_t pc;

			DUK_UNREF(pc);
			act = thr_callstack->callstack + i;
			DUK_ASSERT(act >= thr_callstack->callstack && act < thr_callstack->callstack + thr_callstack->callstack_size);

			func = DUK_ACT_GET_FUNC(act);
			if (func == NULL) {
				/* Lightfunc, not blamed now. */
				continue;
			}

			/* PC points to next instruction, find offending PC,
			 * PC == 0 for native code.
			 */
			pc = duk_hthread_get_act_prev_pc(thr, act);  /* thr argument only used for thr->heap, so specific thread doesn't matter */
			DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(pc >= 0);  /* unsigned */
			DUK_ASSERT((duk_double_t) pc < DUK_DOUBLE_2TO32);  /* assume PC is at most 32 bits and non-negative */
			act = NULL;  /* invalidated by pushes, so get out of the way */

			duk_push_hobject(ctx, func);

			/* [ ... error func ] */

			duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, -1, DUK_STRIDX_FILE_NAME);
			if (!duk_is_string(ctx, -1)) {
				duk_pop_2(ctx);
				continue;
			}

			/* [ ... error func fileName ] */

			ecma_line = 0;
#if defined(DUK_USE_PC2LINE)
			if (DUK_HOBJECT_IS_COMPILEDFUNCTION(func)) {
				ecma_line = duk_hobject_pc2line_query(ctx, -2, (duk_uint_fast32_t) pc);
			} else {
				/* Native function, no relevant lineNumber. */
			}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_PC2LINE */
			duk_push_u32(ctx, ecma_line);

			/* [ ... error func fileName lineNumber ] */

			duk_replace(ctx, -3);

			/* [ ... error lineNumber fileName ] */
			goto define_props;
		}

		/* No activation matches, use undefined for both .fileName and
		 * .lineNumber (matches what we do with a _Tracedata based
		 * no-match lookup.
		 */
		duk_push_undefined(ctx);
		duk_push_undefined(ctx);
	}

 define_props:
	/* [ ... error lineNumber fileName ] */
#if defined(DUK_USE_ASSERTIONS)
	DUK_ASSERT(duk_get_top(ctx) == entry_top + 2);
#endif
	duk_xdef_prop_stridx(ctx, -3, DUK_STRIDX_FILE_NAME, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_WC | DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_NO_OVERWRITE);
	duk_xdef_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_LINE_NUMBER, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_WC | DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_NO_OVERWRITE);
}
#endif  /* !DUK_USE_TRACEBACKS */

/*
 *  Add line number to a compiler error.
 */

DUK_LOCAL void duk__add_compiler_error_line(duk_hthread *thr) {
	duk_context *ctx;

	/* Append a "(line NNN)" to the "message" property of any error
	 * thrown during compilation.  Usually compilation errors are
	 * SyntaxErrors but they can also be out-of-memory errors and
	 * the like.
	 */

	/* [ ... error ] */

	ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	DUK_ASSERT(duk_is_object(ctx, -1));

	if (!(thr->compile_ctx != NULL && thr->compile_ctx->h_filename != NULL)) {
		return;
	}

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("compile error, before adding line info: %!T",
	                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));

	if (duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, -1, DUK_STRIDX_MESSAGE)) {
		duk_push_sprintf(ctx, " (line %ld)", (long) thr->compile_ctx->curr_token.start_line);
		duk_concat(ctx, 2);
		duk_put_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_MESSAGE);
	} else {
		duk_pop(ctx);
	}

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("compile error, after adding line info: %!T",
	                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));
}

/*
 *  Augment an error being created using Duktape specific properties
 *  like _Tracedata or .fileName/.lineNumber.
 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_AUGMENT_ERROR_CREATE)
DUK_LOCAL void duk__err_augment_builtin_create(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hthread *thr_callstack, const char *c_filename, duk_int_t c_line, duk_small_int_t noblame_fileline, duk_hobject *obj) {
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
#if defined(DUK_USE_ASSERTIONS)
	duk_int_t entry_top;
#endif

#if defined(DUK_USE_ASSERTIONS)
	entry_top = duk_get_top(ctx);
#endif
	DUK_ASSERT(obj != NULL);

	DUK_UNREF(obj);  /* unreferenced w/o tracebacks */
	DUK_UNREF(ctx);  /* unreferenced w/o asserts */

	duk__add_compiler_error_line(thr);

#if defined(DUK_USE_TRACEBACKS)
	/* If tracebacks are enabled, the '_Tracedata' property is the only
	 * thing we need: 'fileName' and 'lineNumber' are virtual properties
	 * which use '_Tracedata'.
	 */
	if (duk_hobject_hasprop_raw(thr, obj, DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_INT_TRACEDATA(thr))) {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("error value already has a '_Tracedata' property, not modifying it"));
	} else {
		duk__add_traceback(thr, thr_callstack, c_filename, c_line, noblame_fileline);
	}
#else
	/* Without tracebacks the concrete .fileName and .lineNumber need
	 * to be added directly.
	 */
	duk__add_fileline(thr, thr_callstack, c_filename, c_line, noblame_fileline);
#endif

#if defined(DUK_USE_ASSERTIONS)
	DUK_ASSERT(duk_get_top(ctx) == entry_top);
#endif
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_AUGMENT_ERROR_CREATE */

/*
 *  Augment an error at creation time with _Tracedata/fileName/lineNumber
 *  and allow a user error handler (if defined) to process/replace the error.
 *  The error to be augmented is at the stack top.
 *
 *  thr: thread containing the error value
 *  thr_callstack: thread which should be used for generating callstack etc.
 *  c_filename: C __FILE__ related to the error
 *  c_line: C __LINE__ related to the error
 *  noblame_fileline: if true, don't fileName/line as error source, otherwise use traceback
 *                    (needed because user code filename/line are reported but internal ones
 *                    are not)
 *
 *  XXX: rename noblame_fileline to flags field; combine it to some existing
 *  field (there are only a few call sites so this may not be worth it).
 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_AUGMENT_ERROR_CREATE)
DUK_INTERNAL void duk_err_augment_error_create(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hthread *thr_callstack, const char *c_filename, duk_int_t c_line, duk_bool_t noblame_fileline) {
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk_hobject *obj;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr_callstack != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(ctx != NULL);

	/* [ ... error ] */

	/*
	 *  Criteria for augmenting:
	 *
	 *   - augmentation enabled in build (naturally)
	 *   - error value internal prototype chain contains the built-in
	 *     Error prototype object (i.e. 'val instanceof Error')
	 *
	 *  Additional criteria for built-in augmenting:
	 *
	 *   - error value is an extensible object
	 */

	obj = duk_get_hobject(ctx, -1);
	if (!obj) {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("value is not an object, skip both built-in and user augment"));
		return;
	}
	if (!duk_hobject_prototype_chain_contains(thr, obj, thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_ERROR_PROTOTYPE], 1 /*ignore_loop*/)) {
		/* If the value has a prototype loop, it's critical not to
		 * throw here.  Instead, assume the value is not to be
		 * augmented.
		 */
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("value is not an error instance, skip both built-in and user augment"));
		return;
	}
	if (DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXTENSIBLE(obj)) {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("error meets criteria, built-in augment"));
		duk__err_augment_builtin_create(thr, thr_callstack, c_filename, c_line, noblame_fileline, obj);
	} else {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("error does not meet criteria, no built-in augment"));
	}

	/* [ ... error ] */

#if defined(DUK_USE_ERRCREATE)
	duk__err_augment_user(thr, DUK_STRIDX_ERR_CREATE);
#endif
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_AUGMENT_ERROR_CREATE */

/*
 *  Augment an error at throw time; allow a user error handler (if defined)
 *  to process/replace the error.  The error to be augmented is at the
 *  stack top.
 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_AUGMENT_ERROR_THROW)
DUK_INTERNAL void duk_err_augment_error_throw(duk_hthread *thr) {
#if defined(DUK_USE_ERRTHROW)
	duk__err_augment_user(thr, DUK_STRIDX_ERR_THROW);
#endif  /* DUK_USE_ERRTHROW */
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_AUGMENT_ERROR_THROW */
/*
 *  Do a longjmp call, calling the fatal error handler if no
 *  catchpoint exists.
 */

/* include removed: duk_internal.h */

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_err_longjmp(duk_hthread *thr) {
	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);

	DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("longjmp error: type=%d iserror=%d value1=%!T value2=%!T",
	                   (int) thr->heap->lj.type, (int) thr->heap->lj.iserror,
	                   &thr->heap->lj.value1, &thr->heap->lj.value2));

#if !defined(DUK_USE_CPP_EXCEPTIONS)
	/* If we don't have a jmpbuf_ptr, there is little we can do
	 * except panic.  The caller's expectation is that we never
	 * return.
	 *
	 * With C++ exceptions we now just propagate an uncaught error
	 * instead of invoking the fatal error handler.  Because there's
	 * a dummy jmpbuf for C++ exceptions now, this could be changed.
	 */
	if (!thr->heap->lj.jmpbuf_ptr) {

		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("uncaught error: type=%d iserror=%d value1=%!T value2=%!T",
		                 (int) thr->heap->lj.type, (int) thr->heap->lj.iserror,
		                 &thr->heap->lj.value1, &thr->heap->lj.value2));

		duk_fatal((duk_context *) thr, DUK_ERR_UNCAUGHT_ERROR, "uncaught error");
		DUK_UNREACHABLE();
	}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_CPP_EXCEPTIONS */

#if defined(DUK_USE_CPP_EXCEPTIONS)
	{
		duk_internal_exception exc;  /* dummy */
		throw exc;
	}
#else  /* DUK_USE_CPP_EXCEPTIONS */
	DUK_LONGJMP(thr->heap->lj.jmpbuf_ptr->jb);
#endif  /* DUK_USE_CPP_EXCEPTIONS */

	DUK_UNREACHABLE();
}
/*
 *  Error helpers
 */

/* include removed: duk_internal.h */

/*
 *  Helper to walk the thread chain and see if there is an active error
 *  catcher.  Protected calls or finally blocks aren't considered catching.
 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_SUPPORT) && \
    (defined(DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_THROW_NOTIFY) || defined(DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_PAUSE_UNCAUGHT))
DUK_LOCAL duk_bool_t duk__have_active_catcher(duk_hthread *thr) {
	/*
	 * XXX: As noted above, a protected API call won't be counted as a
	 * catcher. This is usually convenient, e.g. in the case of a top-
	 * level duk_pcall(), but may not always be desirable. Perhaps add an
	 * argument to treat them as catchers?
	 */

	duk_size_t i;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);

	while (thr != NULL) {
		for (i = 0; i < thr->catchstack_top; i++) {
			duk_catcher *cat = thr->catchstack + i;
			if (DUK_CAT_HAS_CATCH_ENABLED(cat)) {
				return 1;  /* all we need to know */
			}
		}
		thr = thr->resumer;
	}
	return 0;
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_SUPPORT && (DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_THROW_NOTIFY || DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_PAUSE_UNCAUGHT) */

/*
 *  Get prototype object for an integer error code.
 */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_hobject *duk_error_prototype_from_code(duk_hthread *thr, duk_errcode_t code) {
	switch (code) {
	case DUK_ERR_EVAL_ERROR:
		return thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_EVAL_ERROR_PROTOTYPE];
	case DUK_ERR_RANGE_ERROR:
		return thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_RANGE_ERROR_PROTOTYPE];
	case DUK_ERR_REFERENCE_ERROR:
		return thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_REFERENCE_ERROR_PROTOTYPE];
	case DUK_ERR_SYNTAX_ERROR:
		return thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_SYNTAX_ERROR_PROTOTYPE];
	case DUK_ERR_TYPE_ERROR:
		return thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_TYPE_ERROR_PROTOTYPE];
	case DUK_ERR_URI_ERROR:
		return thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_URI_ERROR_PROTOTYPE];

	/* XXX: more specific error classes? */
	case DUK_ERR_UNIMPLEMENTED_ERROR:
	case DUK_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR:
	case DUK_ERR_ALLOC_ERROR:
	case DUK_ERR_ASSERTION_ERROR:
	case DUK_ERR_API_ERROR:
	case DUK_ERR_ERROR:
	default:
		return thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_ERROR_PROTOTYPE];
	}
}

/*
 *  Exposed helper for setting up heap longjmp state.
 */

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_err_setup_heap_ljstate(duk_hthread *thr, duk_small_int_t lj_type) {
#if defined(DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_SUPPORT)
	/* If something is thrown with the debugger attached and nobody will
	 * catch it, execution is paused before the longjmp, turning over
	 * control to the debug client.  This allows local state to be examined
	 * before the stack is unwound.  Errors are not intercepted when debug
	 * message loop is active (e.g. for Eval).
	 */

	/* XXX: Allow customizing the pause and notify behavior at runtime
	 * using debugger runtime flags.  For now the behavior is fixed using
	 * config options.
	 */
#if defined(DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_THROW_NOTIFY) || defined(DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_PAUSE_UNCAUGHT)
	if (DUK_HEAP_IS_DEBUGGER_ATTACHED(thr->heap) &&
	    !thr->heap->dbg_processing &&
	    lj_type == DUK_LJ_TYPE_THROW) {
		duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
		duk_bool_t fatal;
		duk_hobject *h_obj;

		/* Don't intercept a DoubleError, we may have caused the initial double
		 * fault and attempting to intercept it will cause us to be called
		 * recursively and exhaust the C stack.
		 */
		h_obj = duk_get_hobject(ctx, -1);
		if (h_obj == thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_DOUBLE_ERROR]) {
			DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("built-in DoubleError instance thrown, not intercepting"));
			goto skip_throw_intercept;
		}

		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("throw with debugger attached, report to client"));

		fatal = !duk__have_active_catcher(thr);

#if defined(DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_THROW_NOTIFY)
		/* Report it to the debug client */
		duk_debug_send_throw(thr, fatal);
#endif

#if defined(DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_PAUSE_UNCAUGHT)
		if (fatal) {
			DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("throw will be fatal, halt before longjmp"));
			duk_debug_halt_execution(thr, 1 /*use_prev_pc*/);
		}
#endif
	}

 skip_throw_intercept:
#endif  /* DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_THROW_NOTIFY || DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_PAUSE_UNCAUGHT */
#endif  /* DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_SUPPORT */

	thr->heap->lj.type = lj_type;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr->valstack_top > thr->valstack);
	DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL_UPDREF(thr, &thr->heap->lj.value1, thr->valstack_top - 1);  /* side effects */

	duk_pop((duk_context *) thr);
}
/*
 *  Create and throw an Ecmascript error object based on a code and a message.
 *
 *  Used when we throw errors internally.  Ecmascript generated error objects
 *  are created by Ecmascript code, and the throwing is handled by the bytecode
 *  executor.
 */

/* include removed: duk_internal.h */

/*
 *  Create and throw an error (originating from Duktape internally)
 *
 *  Push an error object on top of the stack, possibly throw augmenting
 *  the error, and finally longjmp.
 *
 *  If an error occurs while we're dealing with the current error, we might
 *  enter an infinite recursion loop.  This is prevented by detecting a
 *  "double fault" through the heap->handling_error flag; the recursion
 *  then stops at the second level.
 */

#ifdef DUK_USE_VERBOSE_ERRORS
DUK_INTERNAL void duk_err_create_and_throw(duk_hthread *thr, duk_errcode_t code, const char *msg, const char *filename, duk_int_t line) {
#else
DUK_INTERNAL void duk_err_create_and_throw(duk_hthread *thr, duk_errcode_t code) {
#endif
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk_bool_t double_error = thr->heap->handling_error;

#ifdef DUK_USE_VERBOSE_ERRORS
	DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("duk_err_create_and_throw(): code=%ld, msg=%s, filename=%s, line=%ld",
	                   (long) code, (const char *) msg,
	                   (const char *) filename, (long) line));
#else
	DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("duk_err_create_and_throw(): code=%ld", (long) code));
#endif

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(ctx != NULL);

	thr->heap->handling_error = 1;

	if (!double_error) {
		/* Allow headroom for calls during error handling (see GH-191).
		 * We allow space for 10 additional recursions, with one extra
		 * for, e.g. a print() call at the deepest level.
		 */
		DUK_ASSERT(thr->callstack_max == DUK_CALLSTACK_DEFAULT_MAX);
		thr->callstack_max = DUK_CALLSTACK_DEFAULT_MAX + DUK_CALLSTACK_GROW_STEP + 11;
	}

	DUK_ASSERT(thr->callstack_max == DUK_CALLSTACK_DEFAULT_MAX + DUK_CALLSTACK_GROW_STEP + 11);  /* just making sure */

	/* Sync so that augmentation sees up-to-date activations, NULL
	 * thr->ptr_curr_pc so that it's not used if side effects occur
	 * in augmentation or longjmp handling.
	 */
	duk_hthread_sync_and_null_currpc(thr);

	/*
	 *  Create and push an error object onto the top of stack.
	 *  If a "double error" occurs, use a fixed error instance
	 *  to avoid further trouble.
	 */

	/* XXX: if attempt to push beyond allocated valstack, this double fault
	 * handling fails miserably.  We should really write the double error
	 * directly to thr->heap->lj.value1 and avoid valstack use entirely.
	 */

	if (double_error) {
		if (thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_DOUBLE_ERROR]) {
			DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("double fault detected -> push built-in fixed 'double error' instance"));
			duk_push_hobject_bidx(ctx, DUK_BIDX_DOUBLE_ERROR);
		} else {
			DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("double fault detected; there is no built-in fixed 'double error' instance "
			                 "-> push the error code as a number"));
			duk_push_int(ctx, (duk_int_t) code);
		}
	} else {
		/* Error object is augmented at its creation here. */
		duk_require_stack(ctx, 1);
		/* XXX: unnecessary '%s' formatting here, but cannot use
		 * 'msg' as a format string directly.
		 */
#ifdef DUK_USE_VERBOSE_ERRORS
		duk_push_error_object_raw(ctx,
		                          code | DUK_ERRCODE_FLAG_NOBLAME_FILELINE,
		                          filename,
		                          line,
		                          "%s",
		                          (const char *) msg);
#else
		duk_push_error_object_raw(ctx,
		                          code | DUK_ERRCODE_FLAG_NOBLAME_FILELINE,
		                          NULL,
		                          0,
		                          NULL);
#endif
	}

	/*
	 *  Augment error (throw time), unless alloc/double error
	 */

	if (double_error || code == DUK_ERR_ALLOC_ERROR) {
		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("alloc or double error: skip throw augmenting to avoid further trouble"));
	} else {
#if defined(DUK_USE_AUGMENT_ERROR_THROW)
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("THROW ERROR (INTERNAL): %!iT (before throw augment)",
		                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));
		duk_err_augment_error_throw(thr);
#endif
	}

	/*
	 *  Finally, longjmp
	 */

	duk_err_setup_heap_ljstate(thr, DUK_LJ_TYPE_THROW);

	thr->callstack_max = DUK_CALLSTACK_DEFAULT_MAX;  /* reset callstack limit */
	thr->heap->handling_error = 0;

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("THROW ERROR (INTERNAL): %!iT, %!iT (after throw augment)",
	                     (duk_tval *) &thr->heap->lj.value1, (duk_tval *) &thr->heap->lj.value2));

	duk_err_longjmp(thr);
	DUK_UNREACHABLE();
}

/*
 *  Helper for C function call negative return values.
 */

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_error_throw_from_negative_rc(duk_hthread *thr, duk_ret_t rc) {
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	const char *msg;
	duk_errcode_t code;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(rc < 0);

	/* XXX: this generates quite large code - perhaps select the error
	 * class based on the code and then just use the error 'name'?
	 */
	/* XXX: shared strings */

	code = -rc;

	switch (rc) {
	case DUK_RET_UNIMPLEMENTED_ERROR:  msg = "unimplemented"; break;
	case DUK_RET_UNSUPPORTED_ERROR:    msg = "unsupported"; break;
	case DUK_RET_INTERNAL_ERROR:       msg = "internal"; break;
	case DUK_RET_ALLOC_ERROR:          msg = "alloc"; break;
	case DUK_RET_ASSERTION_ERROR:      msg = "assertion"; break;
	case DUK_RET_API_ERROR:            msg = "api"; break;
	case DUK_RET_UNCAUGHT_ERROR:       msg = "uncaught"; break;
	case DUK_RET_ERROR:                msg = "error"; break;
	case DUK_RET_EVAL_ERROR:           msg = "eval"; break;
	case DUK_RET_RANGE_ERROR:          msg = "range"; break;
	case DUK_RET_REFERENCE_ERROR:      msg = "reference"; break;
	case DUK_RET_SYNTAX_ERROR:         msg = "syntax"; break;
	case DUK_RET_TYPE_ERROR:           msg = "type"; break;
	case DUK_RET_URI_ERROR:            msg = "uri"; break;
	default:                           msg = "unknown"; break;
	}

	DUK_ASSERT(msg != NULL);

	/*
	 *  The __FILE__ and __LINE__ information is intentionally not used in the
	 *  creation of the error object, as it isn't useful in the tracedata.  The
	 *  tracedata still contains the function which returned the negative return
	 *  code, and having the file/line of this function isn't very useful.
	 */

	duk_error_raw(ctx, code, NULL, 0, "%s error (rc %ld)", (const char *) msg, (long) rc);
	DUK_UNREACHABLE();
}
/*
 *  duk_hbuffer allocation and freeing.
 */

/* include removed: duk_internal.h */

/* Allocate a new duk_hbuffer of a certain type and return a pointer to it
 * (NULL on error).  Write buffer data pointer to 'out_bufdata' (only if
 * allocation successful).
 */
DUK_INTERNAL duk_hbuffer *duk_hbuffer_alloc(duk_heap *heap, duk_size_t size, duk_small_uint_t flags, void **out_bufdata) {
	duk_hbuffer *res = NULL;
	duk_size_t header_size;
	duk_size_t alloc_size;

	DUK_ASSERT(heap != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(out_bufdata != NULL);

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("allocate hbuffer"));

	/* Size sanity check.  Should not be necessary because caller is
	 * required to check this, but we don't want to cause a segfault
	 * if the size wraps either in duk_size_t computation or when
	 * storing the size in a 16-bit field.
	 */
	if (size > DUK_HBUFFER_MAX_BYTELEN) {
		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("hbuffer alloc failed: size too large: %ld", (long) size));
		return NULL;  /* no need to write 'out_bufdata' */
	}

	if (flags & DUK_BUF_FLAG_EXTERNAL) {
		header_size = sizeof(duk_hbuffer_external);
		alloc_size = sizeof(duk_hbuffer_external);
	} else if (flags & DUK_BUF_FLAG_DYNAMIC) {
		header_size = sizeof(duk_hbuffer_dynamic);
		alloc_size = sizeof(duk_hbuffer_dynamic);
	} else {
		header_size = sizeof(duk_hbuffer_fixed);
		alloc_size = sizeof(duk_hbuffer_fixed) + size;
		DUK_ASSERT(alloc_size >= sizeof(duk_hbuffer_fixed));  /* no wrapping */
	}

	res = (duk_hbuffer *) DUK_ALLOC(heap, alloc_size);
	if (!res) {
		goto error;
	}

	/* zero everything unless requested not to do so */
#if defined(DUK_USE_ZERO_BUFFER_DATA)
	DUK_MEMZERO((void *) res,
	            (flags & DUK_BUF_FLAG_NOZERO) ? header_size : alloc_size);
#else
	DUK_MEMZERO((void *) res, header_size);
#endif

	if (flags & DUK_BUF_FLAG_EXTERNAL) {
		duk_hbuffer_external *h;
		h = (duk_hbuffer_external *) res;
		DUK_UNREF(h);
		*out_bufdata = NULL;
#if defined(DUK_USE_EXPLICIT_NULL_INIT)
#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
/* the compressed pointer is zeroed which maps to NULL, so nothing to do. */
#else
		DUK_HBUFFER_EXTERNAL_SET_DATA_PTR(heap, h, NULL);
#endif
#endif
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HBUFFER_EXTERNAL_GET_DATA_PTR(heap, h) == NULL);
	} else if (flags & DUK_BUF_FLAG_DYNAMIC) {
		duk_hbuffer_dynamic *h = (duk_hbuffer_dynamic *) res;
		void *ptr;

		if (size > 0) {
			DUK_ASSERT(!(flags & DUK_BUF_FLAG_EXTERNAL));  /* alloc external with size zero */
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("dynamic buffer with nonzero size, alloc actual buffer"));
#ifdef DUK_USE_ZERO_BUFFER_DATA
			ptr = DUK_ALLOC_ZEROED(heap, size);
#else
			ptr = DUK_ALLOC(heap, size);
#endif
			if (!ptr) {
				/* Because size > 0, NULL check is correct */
				goto error;
			}
			*out_bufdata = ptr;

			DUK_HBUFFER_DYNAMIC_SET_DATA_PTR(heap, h, ptr);
		} else {
			*out_bufdata = NULL;
#if defined(DUK_USE_EXPLICIT_NULL_INIT)
#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
/* the compressed pointer is zeroed which maps to NULL, so nothing to do. */
#else
			DUK_HBUFFER_DYNAMIC_SET_DATA_PTR(heap, h, NULL);
#endif
#endif
			DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HBUFFER_DYNAMIC_GET_DATA_PTR(heap, h) == NULL);
		}
	} else {
		*out_bufdata = (void *) ((duk_hbuffer_fixed *) res + 1);
	}

	DUK_HBUFFER_SET_SIZE(res, size);

	DUK_HEAPHDR_SET_TYPE(&res->hdr, DUK_HTYPE_BUFFER);
	if (flags & DUK_BUF_FLAG_DYNAMIC) {
		DUK_HBUFFER_SET_DYNAMIC(res);
		if (flags & DUK_BUF_FLAG_EXTERNAL) {
			DUK_HBUFFER_SET_EXTERNAL(res);
		}
	} else {
		DUK_ASSERT(!(flags & DUK_BUF_FLAG_EXTERNAL));
	}
        DUK_HEAP_INSERT_INTO_HEAP_ALLOCATED(heap, &res->hdr);

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("allocated hbuffer: %p", (void *) res));
	return res;

 error:
	DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("hbuffer allocation failed"));

	DUK_FREE(heap, res);
	return NULL;  /* no need to write 'out_bufdata' */
}

/* For indirect allocs. */

DUK_INTERNAL void *duk_hbuffer_get_dynalloc_ptr(duk_heap *heap, void *ud) {
	duk_hbuffer_dynamic *buf = (duk_hbuffer_dynamic *) ud;
	DUK_UNREF(heap);
	return (void *) DUK_HBUFFER_DYNAMIC_GET_DATA_PTR(heap, buf);
}
/*
 *  duk_hbuffer operations such as resizing and inserting/appending data to
 *  a dynamic buffer.
 *
 *  Append operations append to the end of the buffer and they are relatively
 *  efficient: the buffer is grown with a "spare" part relative to the buffer
 *  size to minimize reallocations.  Insert operations need to move existing
 *  data forward in the buffer with memmove() and are not very efficient.
 *  They are used e.g. by the regexp compiler to "backpatch" regexp bytecode.
 */

/* include removed: duk_internal.h */

/*
 *  Resizing
 */

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_hbuffer_resize(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hbuffer_dynamic *buf, duk_size_t new_size) {
	void *res;
	duk_size_t prev_size;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(buf != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HBUFFER_HAS_DYNAMIC(buf));
	DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HBUFFER_HAS_EXTERNAL(buf));

	/*
	 *  Maximum size check
	 */

	if (new_size > DUK_HBUFFER_MAX_BYTELEN) {
		DUK_ERROR_RANGE(thr, "buffer too long");
	}

	/*
	 *  Note: use indirect realloc variant just in case mark-and-sweep
	 *  (finalizers) might resize this same buffer during garbage
	 *  collection.
	 */

	res = DUK_REALLOC_INDIRECT(thr->heap, duk_hbuffer_get_dynalloc_ptr, (void *) buf, new_size);
	if (res != NULL || new_size == 0) {
		/* 'res' may be NULL if new allocation size is 0. */

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("resized dynamic buffer %p:%ld -> %p:%ld",
		                     (void *) DUK_HBUFFER_DYNAMIC_GET_DATA_PTR(thr->heap, buf),
		                     (long) DUK_HBUFFER_DYNAMIC_GET_SIZE(buf),
		                     (void *) res,
		                     (long) new_size));

		/*
		 *  The entire allocated buffer area, regardless of actual used
		 *  size, is kept zeroed in resizes for simplicity.  If the buffer
		 *  is grown, zero the new part.
		 */

		prev_size = DUK_HBUFFER_DYNAMIC_GET_SIZE(buf);
		if (new_size > prev_size) {
			DUK_ASSERT(new_size - prev_size > 0);
#ifdef DUK_USE_ZERO_BUFFER_DATA
			DUK_MEMZERO((void *) ((char *) res + prev_size),
			            (duk_size_t) (new_size - prev_size));
#endif
		}

		DUK_HBUFFER_DYNAMIC_SET_SIZE(buf, new_size);
		DUK_HBUFFER_DYNAMIC_SET_DATA_PTR(thr->heap, buf, res);
	} else {
		DUK_ERROR_ALLOC_DEFMSG(thr);
	}

	DUK_ASSERT(res != NULL || new_size == 0);
}

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_hbuffer_reset(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hbuffer_dynamic *buf) {
	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(buf != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HBUFFER_HAS_DYNAMIC(buf));
	DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HBUFFER_HAS_EXTERNAL(buf));

	duk_hbuffer_resize(thr, buf, 0);
}
/* include removed: duk_internal.h */

#if defined(DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT)
DUK_INTERNAL duk_uint_t duk_hbufferobject_clamp_bytelength(duk_hbufferobject *h_bufobj, duk_uint_t len) {
	duk_uint_t buf_size;
	duk_uint_t buf_avail;

	DUK_ASSERT(h_bufobj != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(h_bufobj->buf != NULL);

	buf_size = (duk_uint_t) DUK_HBUFFER_GET_SIZE(h_bufobj->buf);
	if (h_bufobj->offset > buf_size) {
		/* Slice starting point is beyond current length. */
		return 0;
	}
	buf_avail = buf_size - h_bufobj->offset;

	return buf_avail >= len ? len : buf_avail;
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT */
/*
 *  duk_heap allocation and freeing.
 */

/* include removed: duk_internal.h */

/* Constants for built-in string data depacking. */
#define DUK__BITPACK_LETTER_LIMIT  26
#define DUK__BITPACK_UNDERSCORE    26
#define DUK__BITPACK_FF            27
#define DUK__BITPACK_SWITCH1       29
#define DUK__BITPACK_SWITCH        30
#define DUK__BITPACK_SEVENBIT      31

#if defined(DUK_USE_ROM_STRINGS)
/* Fixed seed value used with ROM strings. */
#define DUK__FIXED_HASH_SEED       0xabcd1234
#endif

/*
 *  Free a heap object.
 *
 *  Free heap object and its internal (non-heap) pointers.  Assumes that
 *  caller has removed the object from heap allocated list or the string
 *  intern table, and any weak references (which strings may have) have
 *  been already dealt with.
 */

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_free_hobject_inner(duk_heap *heap, duk_hobject *h) {
	DUK_ASSERT(heap != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);

	DUK_FREE(heap, DUK_HOBJECT_GET_PROPS(heap, h));

	if (DUK_HOBJECT_IS_COMPILEDFUNCTION(h)) {
		duk_hcompiledfunction *f = (duk_hcompiledfunction *) h;
		DUK_UNREF(f);
		/* Currently nothing to free; 'data' is a heap object */
	} else if (DUK_HOBJECT_IS_NATIVEFUNCTION(h)) {
		duk_hnativefunction *f = (duk_hnativefunction *) h;
		DUK_UNREF(f);
		/* Currently nothing to free */
	} else if (DUK_HOBJECT_IS_THREAD(h)) {
		duk_hthread *t = (duk_hthread *) h;
		DUK_FREE(heap, t->valstack);
		DUK_FREE(heap, t->callstack);
		DUK_FREE(heap, t->catchstack);
		/* Don't free h->resumer because it exists in the heap.
		 * Callstack entries also contain function pointers which
		 * are not freed for the same reason.
		 */

		/* XXX: with 'caller' property the callstack would need
		 * to be unwound to update the 'caller' properties of
		 * functions in the callstack.
		 */
	}
}

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_free_hbuffer_inner(duk_heap *heap, duk_hbuffer *h) {
	DUK_ASSERT(heap != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);

	if (DUK_HBUFFER_HAS_DYNAMIC(h) && !DUK_HBUFFER_HAS_EXTERNAL(h)) {
		duk_hbuffer_dynamic *g = (duk_hbuffer_dynamic *) h;
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("free dynamic buffer %p", (void *) DUK_HBUFFER_DYNAMIC_GET_DATA_PTR(heap, g)));
		DUK_FREE(heap, DUK_HBUFFER_DYNAMIC_GET_DATA_PTR(heap, g));
	}
}

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_free_hstring_inner(duk_heap *heap, duk_hstring *h) {
	DUK_ASSERT(heap != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);

	DUK_UNREF(heap);
	DUK_UNREF(h);

#if defined(DUK_USE_HSTRING_EXTDATA) && defined(DUK_USE_EXTSTR_FREE)
	if (DUK_HSTRING_HAS_EXTDATA(h)) {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("free extstr: hstring %!O, extdata: %p",
		                     h, DUK_HSTRING_GET_EXTDATA((duk_hstring_external *) h)));
		DUK_USE_EXTSTR_FREE(heap->heap_udata, (const void *) DUK_HSTRING_GET_EXTDATA((duk_hstring_external *) h));
	}
#endif
}

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_heap_free_heaphdr_raw(duk_heap *heap, duk_heaphdr *hdr) {
	DUK_ASSERT(heap);
	DUK_ASSERT(hdr);

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("free heaphdr %p, htype %ld", (void *) hdr, (long) DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_TYPE(hdr)));

	switch ((int) DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_TYPE(hdr)) {
	case DUK_HTYPE_STRING:
		duk_free_hstring_inner(heap, (duk_hstring *) hdr);
		break;
	case DUK_HTYPE_OBJECT:
		duk_free_hobject_inner(heap, (duk_hobject *) hdr);
		break;
	case DUK_HTYPE_BUFFER:
		duk_free_hbuffer_inner(heap, (duk_hbuffer *) hdr);
		break;
	default:
		DUK_UNREACHABLE();
	}

	DUK_FREE(heap, hdr);
}

/*
 *  Free the heap.
 *
 *  Frees heap-related non-heap-tracked allocations such as the
 *  string intern table; then frees the heap allocated objects;
 *  and finally frees the heap structure itself.  Reference counts
 *  and GC markers are ignored (and not updated) in this process,
 *  and finalizers won't be called.
 *
 *  The heap pointer and heap object pointers must not be used
 *  after this call.
 */

DUK_LOCAL void duk__free_allocated(duk_heap *heap) {
	duk_heaphdr *curr;
	duk_heaphdr *next;

	curr = heap->heap_allocated;
	while (curr) {
		/* We don't log or warn about freeing zero refcount objects
		 * because they may happen with finalizer processing.
		 */

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("FINALFREE (allocated): %!iO",
		                     (duk_heaphdr *) curr));
		next = DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_NEXT(heap, curr);
		duk_heap_free_heaphdr_raw(heap, curr);
		curr = next;
	}
}

#if defined(DUK_USE_REFERENCE_COUNTING)
DUK_LOCAL void duk__free_refzero_list(duk_heap *heap) {
	duk_heaphdr *curr;
	duk_heaphdr *next;

	curr = heap->refzero_list;
	while (curr) {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("FINALFREE (refzero_list): %!iO",
		                     (duk_heaphdr *) curr));
		next = DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_NEXT(heap, curr);
		duk_heap_free_heaphdr_raw(heap, curr);
		curr = next;
	}
}
#endif

#if defined(DUK_USE_MARK_AND_SWEEP)
DUK_LOCAL void duk__free_markandsweep_finalize_list(duk_heap *heap) {
	duk_heaphdr *curr;
	duk_heaphdr *next;

	curr = heap->finalize_list;
	while (curr) {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("FINALFREE (finalize_list): %!iO",
		                     (duk_heaphdr *) curr));
		next = DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_NEXT(heap, curr);
		duk_heap_free_heaphdr_raw(heap, curr);
		curr = next;
	}
}
#endif

DUK_LOCAL void duk__free_stringtable(duk_heap *heap) {
	/* strings are only tracked by stringtable */
	duk_heap_free_strtab(heap);
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__free_run_finalizers(duk_heap *heap) {
	duk_hthread *thr;
	duk_heaphdr *curr;
	duk_uint_t round_no;
	duk_size_t count_all;
	duk_size_t count_finalized;
	duk_size_t curr_limit;

	DUK_ASSERT(heap != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(heap->heap_thread != NULL);

#if defined(DUK_USE_REFERENCE_COUNTING)
	DUK_ASSERT(heap->refzero_list == NULL);  /* refzero not running -> must be empty */
#endif
#if defined(DUK_USE_MARK_AND_SWEEP)
	DUK_ASSERT(heap->finalize_list == NULL);  /* mark-and-sweep not running -> must be empty */
#endif

	/* XXX: here again finalizer thread is the heap_thread which needs
	 * to be coordinated with finalizer thread fixes.
	 */
	thr = heap->heap_thread;
	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);

	/* Prevent mark-and-sweep for the pending finalizers, also prevents
	 * refzero handling from moving objects away from the heap_allocated
	 * list.  (The flag meaning is slightly abused here.)
	 */
	DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HEAP_HAS_MARKANDSWEEP_RUNNING(heap));
	DUK_HEAP_SET_MARKANDSWEEP_RUNNING(heap);

	curr_limit = 0;  /* suppress warning, not used */
	for (round_no = 0; ; round_no++) {
		curr = heap->heap_allocated;
		count_all = 0;
		count_finalized = 0;
		while (curr) {
			count_all++;
			if (DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_TYPE(curr) == DUK_HTYPE_OBJECT) {
				/* Only objects in heap_allocated may have finalizers.  Check that
				 * the object itself has a _Finalizer property (own or inherited)
				 * so that we don't execute finalizers for e.g. Proxy objects.
				 */
				DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
				DUK_ASSERT(curr != NULL);

				if (duk_hobject_hasprop_raw(thr, (duk_hobject *) curr, DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_INT_FINALIZER(thr))) {
					if (!DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_FINALIZED((duk_heaphdr *) curr)) {
						DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HEAP_HAS_FINALIZER_NORESCUE(heap));  /* maps to finalizer 2nd argument */
						duk_hobject_run_finalizer(thr, (duk_hobject *) curr);
						count_finalized++;
					}
				}
			}
			curr = DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_NEXT(heap, curr);
		}

		/* Each round of finalizer execution may spawn new finalizable objects
		 * which is normal behavior for some applications.  Allow multiple
		 * rounds of finalization, but use a shrinking limit based on the
		 * first round to detect the case where a runaway finalizer creates
		 * an unbounded amount of new finalizable objects.  Finalizer rescue
		 * is not supported: the semantics are unclear because most of the
		 * objects being finalized here are already reachable.  The finalizer
		 * is given a boolean to indicate that rescue is not possible.
		 *
		 * See discussion in: https://github.com/svaarala/duktape/pull/473
		 */

		if (round_no == 0) {
			/* Cannot wrap: each object is at least 8 bytes so count is
			 * at most 1/8 of that.
			 */
			curr_limit = count_all * 2;
		} else {
			curr_limit = (curr_limit * 3) / 4;   /* Decrease by 25% every round */
		}
		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("finalizer round %ld complete, %ld objects, tried to execute %ld finalizers, current limit is %ld",
		                 (long) round_no, (long) count_all, (long) count_finalized, (long) curr_limit));

		if (count_finalized == 0) {
			DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("no more finalizable objects, forced finalization finished"));
			break;
		}
		if (count_finalized >= curr_limit) {
			DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("finalizer count above limit, potentially runaway finalizer; skip remaining finalizers"));
			break;
		}
	}

	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HEAP_HAS_MARKANDSWEEP_RUNNING(heap));
	DUK_HEAP_CLEAR_MARKANDSWEEP_RUNNING(heap);
}

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_heap_free(duk_heap *heap) {
	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("free heap: %p", (void *) heap));

#if defined(DUK_USE_DEBUG)
	duk_heap_dump_strtab(heap);
#endif

#if defined(DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_SUPPORT)
	/* Detach a debugger if attached (can be called multiple times)
	 * safely.
	 */
	/* XXX: Add a flag to reject an attempt to re-attach?  Otherwise
	 * the detached callback may immediately reattach.
	 */
	duk_debug_do_detach(heap);
#endif

	/* Execute finalizers before freeing the heap, even for reachable
	 * objects, and regardless of whether or not mark-and-sweep is
	 * enabled.  This gives finalizers the chance to free any native
	 * resources like file handles, allocations made outside Duktape,
	 * etc.  This is quite tricky to get right, so that all finalizer
	 * guarantees are honored.
	 *
	 * XXX: this perhaps requires an execution time limit.
	 */
	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("execute finalizers before freeing heap"));
#if defined(DUK_USE_MARK_AND_SWEEP)
	/* Run mark-and-sweep a few times just in case (unreachable object
	 * finalizers run already here).  The last round must rescue objects
	 * from the previous round without running any more finalizers.  This
	 * ensures rescued objects get their FINALIZED flag cleared so that
	 * their finalizer is called once more in forced finalization to
	 * satisfy finalizer guarantees.  However, we don't want to run any
	 * more finalizer because that'd required one more loop, and so on.
	 */
	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("forced gc #1 in heap destruction"));
	duk_heap_mark_and_sweep(heap, 0);
	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("forced gc #2 in heap destruction"));
	duk_heap_mark_and_sweep(heap, 0);
	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("forced gc #3 in heap destruction (don't run finalizers)"));
	duk_heap_mark_and_sweep(heap, DUK_MS_FLAG_SKIP_FINALIZERS);  /* skip finalizers; queue finalizable objects to heap_allocated */
#endif

	DUK_HEAP_SET_FINALIZER_NORESCUE(heap);  /* rescue no longer supported */
	duk__free_run_finalizers(heap);

	/* Note: heap->heap_thread, heap->curr_thread, and heap->heap_object
	 * are on the heap allocated list.
	 */

	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("freeing heap objects of heap: %p", (void *) heap));
	duk__free_allocated(heap);

#if defined(DUK_USE_REFERENCE_COUNTING)
	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("freeing refzero list of heap: %p", (void *) heap));
	duk__free_refzero_list(heap);
#endif

#if defined(DUK_USE_MARK_AND_SWEEP)
	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("freeing mark-and-sweep finalize list of heap: %p", (void *) heap));
	duk__free_markandsweep_finalize_list(heap);
#endif

	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("freeing string table of heap: %p", (void *) heap));
	duk__free_stringtable(heap);

	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("freeing heap structure: %p", (void *) heap));
	heap->free_func(heap->heap_udata, heap);
}

/*
 *  Allocate a heap.
 *
 *  String table is initialized with built-in strings from genbuiltins.py,
 *  either by dynamically creating the strings or by referring to ROM strings.
 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_ROM_STRINGS)
DUK_LOCAL duk_bool_t duk__init_heap_strings(duk_heap *heap) {
#if defined(DUK_USE_ASSERTIONS)
	duk_small_uint_t i;
#endif

	/* With ROM-based strings, heap->strs[] and thr->strs[] are omitted
	 * so nothing to initialize for strs[].
	 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_ASSERTIONS)
	for (i = 0; i < sizeof(duk_rom_strings) / sizeof(const duk_hstring *); i++) {
		duk_uint32_t hash;
		const duk_hstring *h;
		h = duk_rom_strings[i];
		DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);
		hash = duk_heap_hashstring(heap, (const duk_uint8_t *) DUK_HSTRING_GET_DATA(h), DUK_HSTRING_GET_BYTELEN(h));
		DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("duk_rom_strings[%d] -> hash 0x%08lx, computed 0x%08lx",
		                   (int) i, (unsigned long) DUK_HSTRING_GET_HASH(h), (unsigned long) hash));
		DUK_ASSERT(hash == (duk_uint32_t) DUK_HSTRING_GET_HASH(h));
	}
#endif
	return 1;
}
#else  /* DUK_USE_ROM_STRINGS */
DUK_LOCAL duk_bool_t duk__init_heap_strings(duk_heap *heap) {
	duk_bitdecoder_ctx bd_ctx;
	duk_bitdecoder_ctx *bd = &bd_ctx;  /* convenience */
	duk_small_uint_t i, j;

	DUK_MEMZERO(&bd_ctx, sizeof(bd_ctx));
	bd->data = (const duk_uint8_t *) duk_strings_data;
	bd->length = (duk_size_t) DUK_STRDATA_DATA_LENGTH;

	for (i = 0; i < DUK_HEAP_NUM_STRINGS; i++) {
		duk_uint8_t tmp[DUK_STRDATA_MAX_STRLEN];
		duk_hstring *h;
		duk_small_uint_t len;
		duk_small_uint_t mode;
		duk_small_uint_t t;

		len = duk_bd_decode(bd, 5);
		mode = 32;  /* 0 = uppercase, 32 = lowercase (= 'a' - 'A') */
		for (j = 0; j < len; j++) {
			t = duk_bd_decode(bd, 5);
			if (t < DUK__BITPACK_LETTER_LIMIT) {
				t = t + DUK_ASC_UC_A + mode;
			} else if (t == DUK__BITPACK_UNDERSCORE) {
				t = DUK_ASC_UNDERSCORE;
			} else if (t == DUK__BITPACK_FF) {
				/* Internal keys are prefixed with 0xFF in the stringtable
				 * (which makes them invalid UTF-8 on purpose).
				 */
				t = 0xff;
			} else if (t == DUK__BITPACK_SWITCH1) {
				t = duk_bd_decode(bd, 5);
				DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(t >= 0);  /* unsigned */
				DUK_ASSERT(t <= 25);
				t = t + DUK_ASC_UC_A + (mode ^ 32);
			} else if (t == DUK__BITPACK_SWITCH) {
				mode = mode ^ 32;
				t = duk_bd_decode(bd, 5);
				DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(t >= 0);
				DUK_ASSERT(t <= 25);
				t = t + DUK_ASC_UC_A + mode;
			} else if (t == DUK__BITPACK_SEVENBIT) {
				t = duk_bd_decode(bd, 7);
			}
			tmp[j] = (duk_uint8_t) t;
		}

		/* No need to length check string: it will never exceed even
		 * the 16-bit length maximum.
		 */
		DUK_ASSERT(len <= 0xffffUL);
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("intern built-in string %ld", (long) i));
		h = duk_heap_string_intern(heap, tmp, len);
		if (!h) {
			goto error;
		}
		DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_READONLY((duk_heaphdr *) h));

		/* Special flags checks.  Since these strings are always
		 * reachable and a string cannot appear twice in the string
		 * table, there's no need to check/set these flags elsewhere.
		 * The 'internal' flag is set by string intern code.
		 */
		if (i == DUK_STRIDX_EVAL || i == DUK_STRIDX_LC_ARGUMENTS) {
			DUK_HSTRING_SET_EVAL_OR_ARGUMENTS(h);
		}
		if (i >= DUK_STRIDX_START_RESERVED && i < DUK_STRIDX_END_RESERVED) {
			DUK_HSTRING_SET_RESERVED_WORD(h);
			if (i >= DUK_STRIDX_START_STRICT_RESERVED) {
				DUK_HSTRING_SET_STRICT_RESERVED_WORD(h);
			}
		}

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("interned: %!O", (duk_heaphdr *) h));

		/* XXX: The incref macro takes a thread pointer but doesn't
		 * use it right now.
		 */
		DUK_HSTRING_INCREF(_never_referenced_, h);

#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
		heap->strs16[i] = DUK_USE_HEAPPTR_ENC16(heap->heap_udata, (void *) h);
#else
		heap->strs[i] = h;
#endif
	}

	return 1;

 error:
	return 0;
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_ROM_STRINGS */

DUK_LOCAL duk_bool_t duk__init_heap_thread(duk_heap *heap) {
	duk_hthread *thr;

	DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("heap init: alloc heap thread"));
	thr = duk_hthread_alloc(heap,
	                        DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXTENSIBLE |
	                        DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_THREAD |
	                        DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_AS_FLAGS(DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_THREAD));
	if (!thr) {
		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("failed to alloc heap_thread"));
		return 0;
	}
	thr->state = DUK_HTHREAD_STATE_INACTIVE;
#if defined(DUK_USE_ROM_STRINGS)
	/* No strs[] pointer. */
#else  /* DUK_USE_ROM_STRINGS */
#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
	thr->strs16 = heap->strs16;
#else
	thr->strs = heap->strs;
#endif
#endif  /* DUK_USE_ROM_STRINGS */

	heap->heap_thread = thr;
	DUK_HTHREAD_INCREF(thr, thr);  /* Note: first argument not really used */

	/* 'thr' is now reachable */

	if (!duk_hthread_init_stacks(heap, thr)) {
		return 0;
	}

	/* XXX: this may now fail, and is not handled correctly */
	duk_hthread_create_builtin_objects(thr);

	/* default prototype (Note: 'thr' must be reachable) */
	DUK_HOBJECT_SET_PROTOTYPE_UPDREF(thr, (duk_hobject *) thr, thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_THREAD_PROTOTYPE]);

	return 1;
}

#if defined(DUK_USE_DEBUG)
#define DUK__DUMPSZ(t)  do { \
		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("" #t "=%ld", (long) sizeof(t))); \
	} while (0)

/* These is not 100% because format would need to be non-portable "long long".
 * Also print out as doubles to catch cases where the "long" type is not wide
 * enough; the limits will then not be printed accurately but the magnitude
 * will be correct.
 */
#define DUK__DUMPLM_SIGNED_RAW(t,a,b)  do { \
		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT(t "=[%ld,%ld]=[%lf,%lf]", \
		                 (long) (a), (long) (b), \
		                 (double) (a), (double) (b))); \
	} while (0)
#define DUK__DUMPLM_UNSIGNED_RAW(t,a,b)  do { \
		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT(t "=[%lu,%lu]=[%lf,%lf]", \
		                 (unsigned long) (a), (unsigned long) (b), \
		                 (double) (a), (double) (b))); \
	} while (0)
#define DUK__DUMPLM_SIGNED(t)  do { \
		DUK__DUMPLM_SIGNED_RAW("DUK_" #t "_{MIN,MAX}", DUK_##t##_MIN, DUK_##t##_MAX); \
	} while (0)
#define DUK__DUMPLM_UNSIGNED(t)  do { \
		DUK__DUMPLM_UNSIGNED_RAW("DUK_" #t "_{MIN,MAX}", DUK_##t##_MIN, DUK_##t##_MAX); \
	} while (0)

DUK_LOCAL void duk__dump_type_sizes(void) {
	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("sizeof()"));

	/* basic platform types */
	DUK__DUMPSZ(char);
	DUK__DUMPSZ(short);
	DUK__DUMPSZ(int);
	DUK__DUMPSZ(long);
	DUK__DUMPSZ(double);
	DUK__DUMPSZ(void *);
	DUK__DUMPSZ(size_t);

	/* basic types from duk_features.h */
	DUK__DUMPSZ(duk_uint8_t);
	DUK__DUMPSZ(duk_int8_t);
	DUK__DUMPSZ(duk_uint16_t);
	DUK__DUMPSZ(duk_int16_t);
	DUK__DUMPSZ(duk_uint32_t);
	DUK__DUMPSZ(duk_int32_t);
	DUK__DUMPSZ(duk_uint64_t);
	DUK__DUMPSZ(duk_int64_t);
	DUK__DUMPSZ(duk_uint_least8_t);
	DUK__DUMPSZ(duk_int_least8_t);
	DUK__DUMPSZ(duk_uint_least16_t);
	DUK__DUMPSZ(duk_int_least16_t);
	DUK__DUMPSZ(duk_uint_least32_t);
	DUK__DUMPSZ(duk_int_least32_t);
#if defined(DUK_USE_64BIT_OPS)
	DUK__DUMPSZ(duk_uint_least64_t);
	DUK__DUMPSZ(duk_int_least64_t);
#endif
	DUK__DUMPSZ(duk_uint_fast8_t);
	DUK__DUMPSZ(duk_int_fast8_t);
	DUK__DUMPSZ(duk_uint_fast16_t);
	DUK__DUMPSZ(duk_int_fast16_t);
	DUK__DUMPSZ(duk_uint_fast32_t);
	DUK__DUMPSZ(duk_int_fast32_t);
#if defined(DUK_USE_64BIT_OPS)
	DUK__DUMPSZ(duk_uint_fast64_t);
	DUK__DUMPSZ(duk_int_fast64_t);
#endif
	DUK__DUMPSZ(duk_uintptr_t);
	DUK__DUMPSZ(duk_intptr_t);
	DUK__DUMPSZ(duk_uintmax_t);
	DUK__DUMPSZ(duk_intmax_t);
	DUK__DUMPSZ(duk_double_t);

	/* important chosen base types */
	DUK__DUMPSZ(duk_int_t);
	DUK__DUMPSZ(duk_uint_t);
	DUK__DUMPSZ(duk_int_fast_t);
	DUK__DUMPSZ(duk_uint_fast_t);
	DUK__DUMPSZ(duk_small_int_t);
	DUK__DUMPSZ(duk_small_uint_t);
	DUK__DUMPSZ(duk_small_int_fast_t);
	DUK__DUMPSZ(duk_small_uint_fast_t);

	/* some derived types */
	DUK__DUMPSZ(duk_codepoint_t);
	DUK__DUMPSZ(duk_ucodepoint_t);
	DUK__DUMPSZ(duk_idx_t);
	DUK__DUMPSZ(duk_errcode_t);
	DUK__DUMPSZ(duk_uarridx_t);

	/* tval */
	DUK__DUMPSZ(duk_double_union);
	DUK__DUMPSZ(duk_tval);

	/* structs from duk_forwdecl.h */
	DUK__DUMPSZ(duk_jmpbuf);  /* just one 'int' for C++ exceptions */
	DUK__DUMPSZ(duk_heaphdr);
	DUK__DUMPSZ(duk_heaphdr_string);
	DUK__DUMPSZ(duk_hstring);
	DUK__DUMPSZ(duk_hstring_external);
	DUK__DUMPSZ(duk_hobject);
	DUK__DUMPSZ(duk_hcompiledfunction);
	DUK__DUMPSZ(duk_hnativefunction);
	DUK__DUMPSZ(duk_hthread);
	DUK__DUMPSZ(duk_hbuffer);
	DUK__DUMPSZ(duk_hbuffer_fixed);
	DUK__DUMPSZ(duk_hbuffer_dynamic);
	DUK__DUMPSZ(duk_hbuffer_external);
	DUK__DUMPSZ(duk_propaccessor);
	DUK__DUMPSZ(duk_propvalue);
	DUK__DUMPSZ(duk_propdesc);
	DUK__DUMPSZ(duk_heap);
#if defined(DUK_USE_STRTAB_CHAIN)
	DUK__DUMPSZ(duk_strtab_entry);
#endif
	DUK__DUMPSZ(duk_activation);
	DUK__DUMPSZ(duk_catcher);
	DUK__DUMPSZ(duk_strcache);
	DUK__DUMPSZ(duk_ljstate);
	DUK__DUMPSZ(duk_fixedbuffer);
	DUK__DUMPSZ(duk_bitdecoder_ctx);
	DUK__DUMPSZ(duk_bitencoder_ctx);
	DUK__DUMPSZ(duk_token);
	DUK__DUMPSZ(duk_re_token);
	DUK__DUMPSZ(duk_lexer_point);
	DUK__DUMPSZ(duk_lexer_ctx);
	DUK__DUMPSZ(duk_compiler_instr);
	DUK__DUMPSZ(duk_compiler_func);
	DUK__DUMPSZ(duk_compiler_ctx);
	DUK__DUMPSZ(duk_re_matcher_ctx);
	DUK__DUMPSZ(duk_re_compiler_ctx);
}
DUK_LOCAL void duk__dump_type_limits(void) {
	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("limits"));

	/* basic types */
	DUK__DUMPLM_SIGNED(INT8);
	DUK__DUMPLM_UNSIGNED(UINT8);
	DUK__DUMPLM_SIGNED(INT_FAST8);
	DUK__DUMPLM_UNSIGNED(UINT_FAST8);
	DUK__DUMPLM_SIGNED(INT_LEAST8);
	DUK__DUMPLM_UNSIGNED(UINT_LEAST8);
	DUK__DUMPLM_SIGNED(INT16);
	DUK__DUMPLM_UNSIGNED(UINT16);
	DUK__DUMPLM_SIGNED(INT_FAST16);
	DUK__DUMPLM_UNSIGNED(UINT_FAST16);
	DUK__DUMPLM_SIGNED(INT_LEAST16);
	DUK__DUMPLM_UNSIGNED(UINT_LEAST16);
	DUK__DUMPLM_SIGNED(INT32);
	DUK__DUMPLM_UNSIGNED(UINT32);
	DUK__DUMPLM_SIGNED(INT_FAST32);
	DUK__DUMPLM_UNSIGNED(UINT_FAST32);
	DUK__DUMPLM_SIGNED(INT_LEAST32);
	DUK__DUMPLM_UNSIGNED(UINT_LEAST32);
#if defined(DUK_USE_64BIT_OPS)
	DUK__DUMPLM_SIGNED(INT64);
	DUK__DUMPLM_UNSIGNED(UINT64);
	DUK__DUMPLM_SIGNED(INT_FAST64);
	DUK__DUMPLM_UNSIGNED(UINT_FAST64);
	DUK__DUMPLM_SIGNED(INT_LEAST64);
	DUK__DUMPLM_UNSIGNED(UINT_LEAST64);
#endif
	DUK__DUMPLM_SIGNED(INTPTR);
	DUK__DUMPLM_UNSIGNED(UINTPTR);
	DUK__DUMPLM_SIGNED(INTMAX);
	DUK__DUMPLM_UNSIGNED(UINTMAX);

	/* derived types */
	DUK__DUMPLM_SIGNED(INT);
	DUK__DUMPLM_UNSIGNED(UINT);
	DUK__DUMPLM_SIGNED(INT_FAST);
	DUK__DUMPLM_UNSIGNED(UINT_FAST);
	DUK__DUMPLM_SIGNED(SMALL_INT);
	DUK__DUMPLM_UNSIGNED(SMALL_UINT);
	DUK__DUMPLM_SIGNED(SMALL_INT_FAST);
	DUK__DUMPLM_UNSIGNED(SMALL_UINT_FAST);
}
#undef DUK__DUMPSZ
#undef DUK__DUMPLM_SIGNED_RAW
#undef DUK__DUMPLM_UNSIGNED_RAW
#undef DUK__DUMPLM_SIGNED
#undef DUK__DUMPLM_UNSIGNED

DUK_LOCAL void duk__dump_misc_options(void) {
	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("DUK_VERSION: %ld", (long) DUK_VERSION));
	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("DUK_GIT_DESCRIBE: %s", DUK_GIT_DESCRIBE));
	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("OS string: %s", DUK_USE_OS_STRING));
	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("architecture string: %s", DUK_USE_ARCH_STRING));
	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("compiler string: %s", DUK_USE_COMPILER_STRING));
#if defined(DUK_USE_PACKED_TVAL)
	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("DUK_USE_PACKED_TVAL: yes"));
#else
	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("DUK_USE_PACKED_TVAL: no"));
#endif
#if defined(DUK_USE_VARIADIC_MACROS)
	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("DUK_USE_VARIADIC_MACROS: yes"));
#else
	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("DUK_USE_VARIADIC_MACROS: no"));
#endif
#if defined(DUK_USE_INTEGER_LE)
	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("integer endianness: little"));
#elif defined(DUK_USE_INTEGER_ME)
	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("integer endianness: mixed"));
#elif defined(DUK_USE_INTEGER_BE)
	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("integer endianness: big"));
#else
	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("integer endianness: ???"));
#endif
#if defined(DUK_USE_DOUBLE_LE)
	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("IEEE double endianness: little"));
#elif defined(DUK_USE_DOUBLE_ME)
	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("IEEE double endianness: mixed"));
#elif defined(DUK_USE_DOUBLE_BE)
	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("IEEE double endianness: big"));
#else
	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("IEEE double endianness: ???"));
#endif
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_DEBUG */

DUK_INTERNAL
duk_heap *duk_heap_alloc(duk_alloc_function alloc_func,
                         duk_realloc_function realloc_func,
                         duk_free_function free_func,
                         void *heap_udata,
                         duk_fatal_function fatal_func) {
	duk_heap *res = NULL;

	/* Silence a few global unused warnings here. */
	DUK_UNREF(duk_str_unsupported);

	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("allocate heap"));

	/*
	 *  Debug dump type sizes
	 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_DEBUG)
	duk__dump_misc_options();
	duk__dump_type_sizes();
	duk__dump_type_limits();
#endif

	/*
	 *  If selftests enabled, run them as early as possible
	 */
#if defined(DUK_USE_SELF_TESTS)
	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("running self tests"));
	duk_selftest_run_tests();
	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("self tests passed"));
#endif

	/*
	 *  Computed values (e.g. INFINITY)
	 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_COMPUTED_NAN)
	do {
		/* Workaround for some exotic platforms where NAN is missing
		 * and the expression (0.0 / 0.0) does NOT result in a NaN.
		 * Such platforms use the global 'duk_computed_nan' which must
		 * be initialized at runtime.  Use 'volatile' to ensure that
		 * the compiler will actually do the computation and not try
		 * to do constant folding which might result in the original
		 * problem.
		 */
		volatile double dbl1 = 0.0;
		volatile double dbl2 = 0.0;
		duk_computed_nan = dbl1 / dbl2;
	} while (0);
#endif

#if defined(DUK_USE_COMPUTED_INFINITY)
	do {
		/* Similar workaround for INFINITY. */
		volatile double dbl1 = 1.0;
		volatile double dbl2 = 0.0;
		duk_computed_infinity = dbl1 / dbl2;
	} while (0);
#endif

	/*
	 *  Allocate heap struct
	 *
	 *  Use a raw call, all macros expect the heap to be initialized
	 */

	res = (duk_heap *) alloc_func(heap_udata, sizeof(duk_heap));
	if (!res) {
		goto error;
	}

	/*
	 *  Zero the struct, and start initializing roughly in order
	 */

	DUK_MEMZERO(res, sizeof(*res));

	/* explicit NULL inits */
#if defined(DUK_USE_EXPLICIT_NULL_INIT)
	res->heap_udata = NULL;
	res->heap_allocated = NULL;
#if defined(DUK_USE_REFERENCE_COUNTING)
	res->refzero_list = NULL;
	res->refzero_list_tail = NULL;
#endif
#if defined(DUK_USE_MARK_AND_SWEEP)
	res->finalize_list = NULL;
#endif
	res->heap_thread = NULL;
	res->curr_thread = NULL;
	res->heap_object = NULL;
#if defined(DUK_USE_STRTAB_CHAIN)
	/* nothing to NULL */
#elif defined(DUK_USE_STRTAB_PROBE)
#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
	res->strtable16 = (duk_uint16_t *) NULL;
#else
	res->strtable = (duk_hstring **) NULL;
#endif
#endif
#if defined(DUK_USE_ROM_STRINGS)
	/* no res->strs[] */
#else  /* DUK_USE_ROM_STRINGS */
#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
	/* res->strs16[] is zeroed and zero decodes to NULL, so no NULL inits. */
#else
	{
		duk_small_uint_t i;
	        for (i = 0; i < DUK_HEAP_NUM_STRINGS; i++) {
			res->strs[i] = NULL;
	        }
	}
#endif
#endif  /* DUK_USE_ROM_STRINGS */
#if defined(DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_SUPPORT)
	res->dbg_read_cb = NULL;
	res->dbg_write_cb = NULL;
	res->dbg_peek_cb = NULL;
	res->dbg_read_flush_cb = NULL;
	res->dbg_write_flush_cb = NULL;
	res->dbg_request_cb = NULL;
	res->dbg_udata = NULL;
	res->dbg_step_thread = NULL;
#endif
#endif  /* DUK_USE_EXPLICIT_NULL_INIT */

	res->alloc_func = alloc_func;
	res->realloc_func = realloc_func;
	res->free_func = free_func;
	res->heap_udata = heap_udata;
	res->fatal_func = fatal_func;

#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
	/* XXX: zero assumption */
	res->heapptr_null16 = DUK_USE_HEAPPTR_ENC16(res->heap_udata, (void *) NULL);
	res->heapptr_deleted16 = DUK_USE_HEAPPTR_ENC16(res->heap_udata, (void *) DUK_STRTAB_DELETED_MARKER(res));
#endif

	/* res->mark_and_sweep_trigger_counter == 0 -> now causes immediate GC; which is OK */

	res->call_recursion_depth = 0;
	res->call_recursion_limit = DUK_USE_NATIVE_CALL_RECLIMIT;

	/* XXX: use the pointer as a seed for now: mix in time at least */

	/* The casts through duk_intr_pt is to avoid the following GCC warning:
	 *
	 *   warning: cast from pointer to integer of different size [-Wpointer-to-int-cast]
	 *
	 * This still generates a /Wp64 warning on VS2010 when compiling for x86.
	 */
#if defined(DUK_USE_ROM_STRINGS)
	/* XXX: make a common DUK_USE_ option, and allow custom fixed seed? */
	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("using rom strings, force heap hash_seed to fixed value 0x%08lx", (long) DUK__FIXED_HASH_SEED));
	res->hash_seed = (duk_uint32_t) DUK__FIXED_HASH_SEED;
#else  /* DUK_USE_ROM_STRINGS */
	res->hash_seed = (duk_uint32_t) (duk_intptr_t) res;
	res->rnd_state = (duk_uint32_t) (duk_intptr_t) res;
#if !defined(DUK_USE_STRHASH_DENSE)
	res->hash_seed ^= 5381;  /* Bernstein hash init value is normally 5381; XOR it in in case pointer low bits are 0 */
#endif
#endif  /* DUK_USE_ROM_STRINGS */

#if defined(DUK_USE_EXPLICIT_NULL_INIT)
	res->lj.jmpbuf_ptr = NULL;
#endif
	DUK_ASSERT(res->lj.type == DUK_LJ_TYPE_UNKNOWN);  /* zero */

	DUK_TVAL_SET_UNDEFINED(&res->lj.value1);
	DUK_TVAL_SET_UNDEFINED(&res->lj.value2);

#if (DUK_STRTAB_INITIAL_SIZE < DUK_UTIL_MIN_HASH_PRIME)
#error initial heap stringtable size is defined incorrectly
#endif

	/*
	 *  Init stringtable: fixed variant
	 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_STRTAB_CHAIN)
	DUK_MEMZERO(res->strtable, sizeof(duk_strtab_entry) * DUK_STRTAB_CHAIN_SIZE);
#if defined(DUK_USE_EXPLICIT_NULL_INIT)
	{
		duk_small_uint_t i;
	        for (i = 0; i < DUK_STRTAB_CHAIN_SIZE; i++) {
#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
			res->strtable[i].u.str16 = res->heapptr_null16;
#else
			res->strtable[i].u.str = NULL;
#endif
	        }
	}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_EXPLICIT_NULL_INIT */
#endif  /* DUK_USE_STRTAB_CHAIN */

	/*
	 *  Init stringtable: probe variant
	 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_STRTAB_PROBE)
#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
	res->strtable16 = (duk_uint16_t *) alloc_func(heap_udata, sizeof(duk_uint16_t) * DUK_STRTAB_INITIAL_SIZE);
	if (!res->strtable16) {
		goto error;
	}
#else  /* DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16 */
	res->strtable = (duk_hstring **) alloc_func(heap_udata, sizeof(duk_hstring *) * DUK_STRTAB_INITIAL_SIZE);
	if (!res->strtable) {
		goto error;
	}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16 */
	res->st_size = DUK_STRTAB_INITIAL_SIZE;
#if defined(DUK_USE_EXPLICIT_NULL_INIT)
	{
		duk_small_uint_t i;
		DUK_ASSERT(res->st_size == DUK_STRTAB_INITIAL_SIZE);
	        for (i = 0; i < DUK_STRTAB_INITIAL_SIZE; i++) {
#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
			res->strtable16[i] = res->heapptr_null16;
#else
			res->strtable[i] = NULL;
#endif
	        }
	}
#else  /* DUK_USE_EXPLICIT_NULL_INIT */
#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
	DUK_MEMZERO(res->strtable16, sizeof(duk_uint16_t) * DUK_STRTAB_INITIAL_SIZE);
#else
	DUK_MEMZERO(res->strtable, sizeof(duk_hstring *) * DUK_STRTAB_INITIAL_SIZE);
#endif
#endif  /* DUK_USE_EXPLICIT_NULL_INIT */
#endif  /* DUK_USE_STRTAB_PROBE */

	/*
	 *  Init stringcache
	 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_EXPLICIT_NULL_INIT)
	{
		duk_small_uint_t i;
		for (i = 0; i < DUK_HEAP_STRCACHE_SIZE; i++) {
			res->strcache[i].h = NULL;
		}
	}
#endif

	/* XXX: error handling is incomplete.  It would be cleanest if
	 * there was a setjmp catchpoint, so that all init code could
	 * freely throw errors.  If that were the case, the return code
	 * passing here could be removed.
	 */

	/*
	 *  Init built-in strings
	 */

	DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("HEAP: INIT STRINGS"));
	if (!duk__init_heap_strings(res)) {
		goto error;
	}

	/*
	 *  Init the heap thread
	 */

	DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("HEAP: INIT HEAP THREAD"));
	if (!duk__init_heap_thread(res)) {
		goto error;
	}

	/*
	 *  Init the heap object
	 */

	DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("HEAP: INIT HEAP OBJECT"));
	DUK_ASSERT(res->heap_thread != NULL);
	res->heap_object = duk_hobject_alloc(res, DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXTENSIBLE |
	                                          DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_AS_FLAGS(DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_OBJECT));
	if (!res->heap_object) {
		goto error;
	}
	DUK_HOBJECT_INCREF(res->heap_thread, res->heap_object);

	/*
	 *  All done
	 */

	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("allocated heap: %p", (void *) res));
	return res;

 error:
	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("heap allocation failed"));

	if (res) {
		/* assumes that allocated pointers and alloc funcs are valid
		 * if res exists
		 */
		DUK_ASSERT(res->alloc_func != NULL);
		DUK_ASSERT(res->realloc_func != NULL);
		DUK_ASSERT(res->free_func != NULL);
		duk_heap_free(res);
	}
	return NULL;
}

#undef DUK__BITPACK_LETTER_LIMIT
#undef DUK__BITPACK_UNDERSCORE
#undef DUK__BITPACK_FF
#undef DUK__BITPACK_SWITCH1
#undef DUK__BITPACK_SWITCH
#undef DUK__BITPACK_SEVENBIT
#undef DUK__FIXED_HASH_SEED
/*
 *  String hash computation (interning).
 *
 *  String hashing is performance critical because a string hash is computed
 *  for all new strings which are candidates to be added to the string table.
 *  However, strings actually added to the string table go through a codepoint
 *  length calculation which dominates performance because it goes through
 *  every byte of the input string (but only for strings added).
 *
 *  The string hash algorithm should be fast, but on the other hand provide
 *  good enough hashes to ensure both string table and object property table
 *  hash tables work reasonably well (i.e., there aren't too many collisions
 *  with real world inputs).  Unless the hash is cryptographic, it's always
 *  possible to craft inputs with maximal hash collisions.
 *
 *  NOTE: The hash algorithms must match src/dukutil.py:duk_heap_hashstring()
 *  for ROM string support!
 */

/* include removed: duk_internal.h */

#if defined(DUK_USE_STRHASH_DENSE)
/* Constants for duk_hashstring(). */
#define DUK__STRHASH_SHORTSTRING   4096L
#define DUK__STRHASH_MEDIUMSTRING  (256L * 1024L)
#define DUK__STRHASH_BLOCKSIZE     256L

DUK_INTERNAL duk_uint32_t duk_heap_hashstring(duk_heap *heap, const duk_uint8_t *str, duk_size_t len) {
	duk_uint32_t hash;

	/* Use Murmurhash2 directly for short strings, and use "block skipping"
	 * for long strings: hash an initial part and then sample the rest of
	 * the string with reasonably sized chunks.  An initial offset for the
	 * sampling is computed based on a hash of the initial part of the string;
	 * this is done to (usually) avoid the case where all long strings have
	 * certain offset ranges which are never sampled.
	 *
	 * Skip should depend on length and bound the total time to roughly
	 * logarithmic.  With current values:
	 *
	 *   1M string => 256 * 241 = 61696 bytes (0.06M) of hashing
	 *   1G string => 256 * 16321 = 4178176 bytes (3.98M) of hashing
	 *
	 * XXX: It would be better to compute the skip offset more "smoothly"
	 * instead of having a few boundary values.
	 */

	/* note: mixing len into seed improves hashing when skipping */
	duk_uint32_t str_seed = heap->hash_seed ^ ((duk_uint32_t) len);

	if (len <= DUK__STRHASH_SHORTSTRING) {
		hash = duk_util_hashbytes(str, len, str_seed);
	} else {
		duk_size_t off;
		duk_size_t skip;

		if (len <= DUK__STRHASH_MEDIUMSTRING) {
			skip = (duk_size_t) (16 * DUK__STRHASH_BLOCKSIZE + DUK__STRHASH_BLOCKSIZE);
		} else {
			skip = (duk_size_t) (256 * DUK__STRHASH_BLOCKSIZE + DUK__STRHASH_BLOCKSIZE);
		}

		hash = duk_util_hashbytes(str, (duk_size_t) DUK__STRHASH_SHORTSTRING, str_seed);
		off = DUK__STRHASH_SHORTSTRING + (skip * (hash % 256)) / 256;

		/* XXX: inefficient loop */
		while (off < len) {
			duk_size_t left = len - off;
			duk_size_t now = (duk_size_t) (left > DUK__STRHASH_BLOCKSIZE ? DUK__STRHASH_BLOCKSIZE : left);
			hash ^= duk_util_hashbytes(str + off, now, str_seed);
			off += skip;
		}
	}

#if defined(DUK_USE_STRHASH16)
	/* Truncate to 16 bits here, so that a computed hash can be compared
	 * against a hash stored in a 16-bit field.
	 */
	hash &= 0x0000ffffUL;
#endif
	return hash;
}

#undef DUK__STRHASH_SHORTSTRING
#undef DUK__STRHASH_MEDIUMSTRING
#undef DUK__STRHASH_BLOCKSIZE
#else  /* DUK_USE_STRHASH_DENSE */
DUK_INTERNAL duk_uint32_t duk_heap_hashstring(duk_heap *heap, const duk_uint8_t *str, duk_size_t len) {
	duk_uint32_t hash;
	duk_size_t step;
	duk_size_t off;

	/* Slightly modified "Bernstein hash" from:
	 *
	 *     http://eternallyconfuzzled.com/tuts/algorithms/jsw_tut_hashing.aspx
	 *
	 * Modifications: string skipping and reverse direction similar to
	 * Lua 5.1.5, and different hash initializer.
	 *
	 * The reverse direction ensures last byte it always included in the
	 * hash which is a good default as changing parts of the string are
	 * more often in the suffix than in the prefix.
	 */

	hash = heap->hash_seed ^ ((duk_uint32_t) len);  /* Bernstein hash init value is normally 5381 */
	step = (len >> DUK_USE_STRHASH_SKIP_SHIFT) + 1;
	for (off = len; off >= step; off -= step) {
		DUK_ASSERT(off >= 1);  /* off >= step, and step >= 1 */
		hash = (hash * 33) + str[off - 1];
	}

#if defined(DUK_USE_STRHASH16)
	/* Truncate to 16 bits here, so that a computed hash can be compared
	 * against a hash stored in a 16-bit field.
	 */
	hash &= 0x0000ffffUL;
#endif
	return hash;
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_STRHASH_DENSE */
/*
 *  Mark-and-sweep garbage collection.
 */

/* include removed: duk_internal.h */

#ifdef DUK_USE_MARK_AND_SWEEP

DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__mark_heaphdr(duk_heap *heap, duk_heaphdr *h);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__mark_tval(duk_heap *heap, duk_tval *tv);

/*
 *  Misc
 */

/* Select a thread for mark-and-sweep use.
 *
 * XXX: This needs to change later.
 */
DUK_LOCAL duk_hthread *duk__get_temp_hthread(duk_heap *heap) {
	if (heap->curr_thread) {
		return heap->curr_thread;
	}
	return heap->heap_thread;  /* may be NULL, too */
}

/*
 *  Marking functions for heap types: mark children recursively
 */

DUK_LOCAL void duk__mark_hstring(duk_heap *heap, duk_hstring *h) {
	DUK_UNREF(heap);
	DUK_UNREF(h);

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("duk__mark_hstring: %p", (void *) h));
	DUK_ASSERT(h);

	/* nothing to process */
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__mark_hobject(duk_heap *heap, duk_hobject *h) {
	duk_uint_fast32_t i;

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("duk__mark_hobject: %p", (void *) h));

	DUK_ASSERT(h);

	/* XXX: use advancing pointers instead of index macros -> faster and smaller? */

	for (i = 0; i < (duk_uint_fast32_t) DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ENEXT(h); i++) {
		duk_hstring *key = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_KEY(heap, h, i);
		if (!key) {
			continue;
		}
		duk__mark_heaphdr(heap, (duk_heaphdr *) key);
		if (DUK_HOBJECT_E_SLOT_IS_ACCESSOR(heap, h, i)) {
			duk__mark_heaphdr(heap, (duk_heaphdr *) DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_PTR(heap, h, i)->a.get);
			duk__mark_heaphdr(heap, (duk_heaphdr *) DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_PTR(heap, h, i)->a.set);
		} else {
			duk__mark_tval(heap, &DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_PTR(heap, h, i)->v);
		}
	}

	for (i = 0; i < (duk_uint_fast32_t) DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ASIZE(h); i++) {
		duk__mark_tval(heap, DUK_HOBJECT_A_GET_VALUE_PTR(heap, h, i));
	}

	/* hash part is a 'weak reference' and does not contribute */

	duk__mark_heaphdr(heap, (duk_heaphdr *) DUK_HOBJECT_GET_PROTOTYPE(heap, h));

	if (DUK_HOBJECT_IS_COMPILEDFUNCTION(h)) {
		duk_hcompiledfunction *f = (duk_hcompiledfunction *) h;
		duk_tval *tv, *tv_end;
		duk_hobject **fn, **fn_end;

		/* 'data' is reachable through every compiled function which
		 * contains a reference.
		 */

		duk__mark_heaphdr(heap, (duk_heaphdr *) DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_DATA(heap, f));

		if (DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_DATA(heap, f) != NULL) {
			tv = DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_CONSTS_BASE(heap, f);
			tv_end = DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_CONSTS_END(heap, f);
			while (tv < tv_end) {
				duk__mark_tval(heap, tv);
				tv++;
			}

			fn = DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_FUNCS_BASE(heap, f);
			fn_end = DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_FUNCS_END(heap, f);
			while (fn < fn_end) {
				duk__mark_heaphdr(heap, (duk_heaphdr *) *fn);
				fn++;
			}
		} else {
			/* May happen in some out-of-memory corner cases. */
			DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("duk_hcompiledfunction 'data' is NULL, skipping marking"));
		}
	} else if (DUK_HOBJECT_IS_NATIVEFUNCTION(h)) {
		duk_hnativefunction *f = (duk_hnativefunction *) h;
		DUK_UNREF(f);
		/* nothing to mark */
	} else if (DUK_HOBJECT_IS_BUFFEROBJECT(h)) {
		duk_hbufferobject *b = (duk_hbufferobject *) h;
		duk__mark_heaphdr(heap, (duk_heaphdr *) b->buf);
	} else if (DUK_HOBJECT_IS_THREAD(h)) {
		duk_hthread *t = (duk_hthread *) h;
		duk_tval *tv;

		tv = t->valstack;
		while (tv < t->valstack_top) {
			duk__mark_tval(heap, tv);
			tv++;
		}

		for (i = 0; i < (duk_uint_fast32_t) t->callstack_top; i++) {
			duk_activation *act = t->callstack + i;
			duk__mark_heaphdr(heap, (duk_heaphdr *) DUK_ACT_GET_FUNC(act));
			duk__mark_heaphdr(heap, (duk_heaphdr *) act->var_env);
			duk__mark_heaphdr(heap, (duk_heaphdr *) act->lex_env);
#ifdef DUK_USE_NONSTD_FUNC_CALLER_PROPERTY
			duk__mark_heaphdr(heap, (duk_heaphdr *) act->prev_caller);
#endif
		}

#if 0  /* nothing now */
		for (i = 0; i < (duk_uint_fast32_t) t->catchstack_top; i++) {
			duk_catcher *cat = t->catchstack + i;
		}
#endif

		duk__mark_heaphdr(heap, (duk_heaphdr *) t->resumer);

		/* XXX: duk_small_uint_t would be enough for this loop */
		for (i = 0; i < DUK_NUM_BUILTINS; i++) {
			duk__mark_heaphdr(heap, (duk_heaphdr *) t->builtins[i]);
		}
	}
}

/* recursion tracking happens here only */
DUK_LOCAL void duk__mark_heaphdr(duk_heap *heap, duk_heaphdr *h) {
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("duk__mark_heaphdr %p, type %ld",
	                     (void *) h,
	                     (h != NULL ? (long) DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_TYPE(h) : (long) -1)));
	if (!h) {
		return;
	}
#if defined(DUK_USE_ROM_OBJECTS)
	if (DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_READONLY(h)) {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("readonly object %p, skip", (void *) h));
		return;
	}
#endif
	if (DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_REACHABLE(h)) {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("already marked reachable, skip"));
		return;
	}
	DUK_HEAPHDR_SET_REACHABLE(h);

	if (heap->mark_and_sweep_recursion_depth >= DUK_USE_MARK_AND_SWEEP_RECLIMIT) {
		/* log this with a normal debug level because this should be relatively rare */
		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("mark-and-sweep recursion limit reached, marking as temproot: %p", (void *) h));
		DUK_HEAP_SET_MARKANDSWEEP_RECLIMIT_REACHED(heap);
		DUK_HEAPHDR_SET_TEMPROOT(h);
		return;
	}

	heap->mark_and_sweep_recursion_depth++;

	switch ((int) DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_TYPE(h)) {
	case DUK_HTYPE_STRING:
		duk__mark_hstring(heap, (duk_hstring *) h);
		break;
	case DUK_HTYPE_OBJECT:
		duk__mark_hobject(heap, (duk_hobject *) h);
		break;
	case DUK_HTYPE_BUFFER:
		/* nothing to mark */
		break;
	default:
		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("attempt to mark heaphdr %p with invalid htype %ld", (void *) h, (long) DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_TYPE(h)));
		DUK_UNREACHABLE();
	}

	heap->mark_and_sweep_recursion_depth--;
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__mark_tval(duk_heap *heap, duk_tval *tv) {
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("duk__mark_tval %p", (void *) tv));
	if (!tv) {
		return;
	}
	if (DUK_TVAL_IS_HEAP_ALLOCATED(tv)) {
		duk__mark_heaphdr(heap, DUK_TVAL_GET_HEAPHDR(tv));
	}
}

/*
 *  Mark the heap.
 */

DUK_LOCAL void duk__mark_roots_heap(duk_heap *heap) {
	duk_small_uint_t i;

	DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("duk__mark_roots_heap: %p", (void *) heap));

	duk__mark_heaphdr(heap, (duk_heaphdr *) heap->heap_thread);
	duk__mark_heaphdr(heap, (duk_heaphdr *) heap->heap_object);

	for (i = 0; i < DUK_HEAP_NUM_STRINGS; i++) {
		duk_hstring *h = DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING(heap, i);
		duk__mark_heaphdr(heap, (duk_heaphdr *) h);
	}

	duk__mark_tval(heap, &heap->lj.value1);
	duk__mark_tval(heap, &heap->lj.value2);

#if defined(DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_SUPPORT)
	for (i = 0; i < heap->dbg_breakpoint_count; i++) {
		duk__mark_heaphdr(heap, (duk_heaphdr *) heap->dbg_breakpoints[i].filename);
	}
#endif
}

/*
 *  Mark refzero_list objects.
 *
 *  Objects on the refzero_list have no inbound references.  They might have
 *  outbound references to objects that we might free, which would invalidate
 *  any references held by the refzero objects.  A refzero object might also
 *  be rescued by refcount finalization.  Refzero objects are treated as
 *  reachability roots to ensure they (or anything they point to) are not
 *  freed in mark-and-sweep.
 */

#ifdef DUK_USE_REFERENCE_COUNTING
DUK_LOCAL void duk__mark_refzero_list(duk_heap *heap) {
	duk_heaphdr *hdr;

	DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("duk__mark_refzero_list: %p", (void *) heap));

	hdr = heap->refzero_list;
	while (hdr) {
		duk__mark_heaphdr(heap, hdr);
		hdr = DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_NEXT(heap, hdr);
	}
}
#endif

/*
 *  Mark unreachable, finalizable objects.
 *
 *  Such objects will be moved aside and their finalizers run later.  They have
 *  to be treated as reachability roots for their properties etc to remain
 *  allocated.  This marking is only done for unreachable values which would
 *  be swept later (refzero_list is thus excluded).
 *
 *  Objects are first marked FINALIZABLE and only then marked as reachability
 *  roots; otherwise circular references might be handled inconsistently.
 */

DUK_LOCAL void duk__mark_finalizable(duk_heap *heap) {
	duk_hthread *thr;
	duk_heaphdr *hdr;
	duk_size_t count_finalizable = 0;

	DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("duk__mark_finalizable: %p", (void *) heap));

	thr = duk__get_temp_hthread(heap);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);

	hdr = heap->heap_allocated;
	while (hdr) {
		/* A finalizer is looked up from the object and up its prototype chain
		 * (which allows inherited finalizers).  A prototype loop must not cause
		 * an error to be thrown here; duk_hobject_hasprop_raw() will ignore a
		 * prototype loop silently and indicate that the property doesn't exist.
		 */

		if (!DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_REACHABLE(hdr) &&
		    DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_TYPE(hdr) == DUK_HTYPE_OBJECT &&
		    !DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_FINALIZED(hdr) &&
		    duk_hobject_hasprop_raw(thr, (duk_hobject *) hdr, DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_INT_FINALIZER(thr))) {

			/* heaphdr:
			 *  - is not reachable
			 *  - is an object
			 *  - is not a finalized object
			 *  - has a finalizer
			 */

			DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("unreachable heap object will be "
			                   "finalized -> mark as finalizable "
			                   "and treat as a reachability root: %p",
			                   (void *) hdr));
			DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_READONLY(hdr));
			DUK_HEAPHDR_SET_FINALIZABLE(hdr);
			count_finalizable ++;
		}

		hdr = DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_NEXT(heap, hdr);
	}

	if (count_finalizable == 0) {
		return;
	}

	DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("marked %ld heap objects as finalizable, now mark them reachable",
	                   (long) count_finalizable));

	hdr = heap->heap_allocated;
	while (hdr) {
		if (DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_FINALIZABLE(hdr)) {
			duk__mark_heaphdr(heap, hdr);
		}

		hdr = DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_NEXT(heap, hdr);
	}

	/* Caller will finish the marking process if we hit a recursion limit. */
}

/*
 *  Mark objects on finalize_list.
 *
 */

DUK_LOCAL void duk__mark_finalize_list(duk_heap *heap) {
	duk_heaphdr *hdr;
#ifdef DUK_USE_DEBUG
	duk_size_t count_finalize_list = 0;
#endif

	DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("duk__mark_finalize_list: %p", (void *) heap));

	hdr = heap->finalize_list;
	while (hdr) {
		duk__mark_heaphdr(heap, hdr);
		hdr = DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_NEXT(heap, hdr);
#ifdef DUK_USE_DEBUG
		count_finalize_list++;
#endif
	}

#ifdef DUK_USE_DEBUG
	if (count_finalize_list > 0) {
		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("marked %ld objects on the finalize_list as reachable (previous finalizer run skipped)",
		                 (long) count_finalize_list));
	}
#endif
}

/*
 *  Fallback marking handler if recursion limit is reached.
 *
 *  Iterates 'temproots' until recursion limit is no longer hit.  Note
 *  that temproots may reside either in heap allocated list or the
 *  refzero work list.  This is a slow scan, but guarantees that we
 *  finish with a bounded C stack.
 *
 *  Note that nodes may have been marked as temproots before this
 *  scan begun, OR they may have been marked during the scan (as
 *  we process nodes recursively also during the scan).  This is
 *  intended behavior.
 */

#ifdef DUK_USE_DEBUG
DUK_LOCAL void duk__handle_temproot(duk_heap *heap, duk_heaphdr *hdr, duk_size_t *count) {
#else
DUK_LOCAL void duk__handle_temproot(duk_heap *heap, duk_heaphdr *hdr) {
#endif
	if (!DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_TEMPROOT(hdr)) {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("not a temp root: %p", (void *) hdr));
		return;
	}

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("found a temp root: %p", (void *) hdr));
	DUK_HEAPHDR_CLEAR_TEMPROOT(hdr);
	DUK_HEAPHDR_CLEAR_REACHABLE(hdr);  /* done so that duk__mark_heaphdr() works correctly */
	duk__mark_heaphdr(heap, hdr);

#ifdef DUK_USE_DEBUG
	(*count)++;
#endif
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__mark_temproots_by_heap_scan(duk_heap *heap) {
	duk_heaphdr *hdr;
#ifdef DUK_USE_DEBUG
	duk_size_t count;
#endif

	DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("duk__mark_temproots_by_heap_scan: %p", (void *) heap));

	while (DUK_HEAP_HAS_MARKANDSWEEP_RECLIMIT_REACHED(heap)) {
		DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("recursion limit reached, doing heap scan to continue from temproots"));

#ifdef DUK_USE_DEBUG
		count = 0;
#endif
		DUK_HEAP_CLEAR_MARKANDSWEEP_RECLIMIT_REACHED(heap);

		hdr = heap->heap_allocated;
		while (hdr) {
#ifdef DUK_USE_DEBUG
			duk__handle_temproot(heap, hdr, &count);
#else
			duk__handle_temproot(heap, hdr);
#endif
			hdr = DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_NEXT(heap, hdr);
		}

		/* must also check refzero_list */
#ifdef DUK_USE_REFERENCE_COUNTING
		hdr = heap->refzero_list;
		while (hdr) {
#ifdef DUK_USE_DEBUG
			duk__handle_temproot(heap, hdr, &count);
#else
			duk__handle_temproot(heap, hdr);
#endif
			hdr = DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_NEXT(heap, hdr);
		}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_REFERENCE_COUNTING */

#ifdef DUK_USE_DEBUG
		DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("temproot mark heap scan processed %ld temp roots", (long) count));
#endif
	}
}

/*
 *  Finalize refcounts for heap elements just about to be freed.
 *  This must be done for all objects before freeing to avoid any
 *  stale pointer dereferences.
 *
 *  Note that this must deduce the set of objects to be freed
 *  identically to duk__sweep_heap().
 */

#ifdef DUK_USE_REFERENCE_COUNTING
DUK_LOCAL void duk__finalize_refcounts(duk_heap *heap) {
	duk_hthread *thr;
	duk_heaphdr *hdr;

	thr = duk__get_temp_hthread(heap);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);

	DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("duk__finalize_refcounts: heap=%p, hthread=%p",
	                   (void *) heap, (void *) thr));

	hdr = heap->heap_allocated;
	while (hdr) {
		if (!DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_REACHABLE(hdr)) {
			/*
			 *  Unreachable object about to be swept.  Finalize target refcounts
			 *  (objects which the unreachable object points to) without doing
			 *  refzero processing.  Recursive decrefs are also prevented when
			 *  refzero processing is disabled.
			 *
			 *  Value cannot be a finalizable object, as they have been made
			 *  temporarily reachable for this round.
			 */

			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("unreachable object, refcount finalize before sweeping: %p", (void *) hdr));
			duk_heaphdr_refcount_finalize(thr, hdr);
		}

		hdr = DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_NEXT(heap, hdr);
	}
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_REFERENCE_COUNTING */

/*
 *  Clear (reachable) flags of refzero work list.
 */

#ifdef DUK_USE_REFERENCE_COUNTING
DUK_LOCAL void duk__clear_refzero_list_flags(duk_heap *heap) {
	duk_heaphdr *hdr;

	DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("duk__clear_refzero_list_flags: %p", (void *) heap));

	hdr = heap->refzero_list;
	while (hdr) {
		DUK_HEAPHDR_CLEAR_REACHABLE(hdr);
		DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_FINALIZABLE(hdr));
		DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_FINALIZED(hdr));
		DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_TEMPROOT(hdr));
		hdr = DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_NEXT(heap, hdr);
	}
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_REFERENCE_COUNTING */

/*
 *  Clear (reachable) flags of finalize_list
 *
 *  We could mostly do in the sweep phase when we move objects from the
 *  heap into the finalize_list.  However, if a finalizer run is skipped
 *  during a mark-and-sweep, the objects on the finalize_list will be marked
 *  reachable during the next mark-and-sweep.  Since they're already on the
 *  finalize_list, no-one will be clearing their REACHABLE flag so we do it
 *  here.  (This now overlaps with the sweep handling in a harmless way.)
 */

DUK_LOCAL void duk__clear_finalize_list_flags(duk_heap *heap) {
	duk_heaphdr *hdr;

	DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("duk__clear_finalize_list_flags: %p", (void *) heap));

	hdr = heap->finalize_list;
	while (hdr) {
		DUK_HEAPHDR_CLEAR_REACHABLE(hdr);
		DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_FINALIZABLE(hdr));
		DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_FINALIZED(hdr));
		DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_TEMPROOT(hdr));
		hdr = DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_NEXT(heap, hdr);
	}
}

/*
 *  Sweep stringtable
 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_STRTAB_CHAIN)

/* XXX: skip count_free w/o debug? */
#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
DUK_LOCAL void duk__sweep_string_chain16(duk_heap *heap, duk_uint16_t *slot, duk_size_t *count_keep, duk_size_t *count_free) {
	duk_uint16_t h16 = *slot;
	duk_hstring *h;
	duk_uint16_t null16 = heap->heapptr_null16;

	if (h16 == null16) {
		/* nop */
		return;
	}
	h = (duk_hstring *) DUK_USE_HEAPPTR_DEC16(heap->heap_udata, h16);
	DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);

	if (DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_REACHABLE((duk_heaphdr *) h)) {
		DUK_HEAPHDR_CLEAR_REACHABLE((duk_heaphdr *) h);
		(*count_keep)++;
	} else {
#if defined(DUK_USE_REFERENCE_COUNTING)
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_REFCOUNT((duk_heaphdr *) h) == 0);
#endif
		/* deal with weak references first */
		duk_heap_strcache_string_remove(heap, (duk_hstring *) h);
		*slot = null16;

		/* free inner references (these exist e.g. when external
		 * strings are enabled)
		 */
		duk_free_hstring_inner(heap, h);
		DUK_FREE(heap, h);
		(*count_free)++;
	}
}
#else  /* DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16 */
DUK_LOCAL void duk__sweep_string_chain(duk_heap *heap, duk_hstring **slot, duk_size_t *count_keep, duk_size_t *count_free) {
	duk_hstring *h = *slot;

	if (h == NULL) {
		/* nop */
		return;
	}

	if (DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_REACHABLE((duk_heaphdr *) h)) {
		DUK_HEAPHDR_CLEAR_REACHABLE((duk_heaphdr *) h);
		(*count_keep)++;
	} else {
#if defined(DUK_USE_REFERENCE_COUNTING)
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_REFCOUNT((duk_heaphdr *) h) == 0);
#endif
		/* deal with weak references first */
		duk_heap_strcache_string_remove(heap, (duk_hstring *) h);
		*slot = NULL;

		/* free inner references (these exist e.g. when external
		 * strings are enabled)
		 */
		duk_free_hstring_inner(heap, h);
		DUK_FREE(heap, h);
		(*count_free)++;
	}
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16 */

DUK_LOCAL void duk__sweep_stringtable_chain(duk_heap *heap, duk_size_t *out_count_keep) {
	duk_strtab_entry *e;
	duk_uint_fast32_t i;
	duk_size_t count_free = 0;
	duk_size_t count_keep = 0;
	duk_size_t j, n;
#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
	duk_uint16_t *lst;
#else
	duk_hstring **lst;
#endif

	DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("duk__sweep_stringtable: %p", (void *) heap));

	/* Non-zero refcounts should not happen for unreachable strings,
	 * because we refcount finalize all unreachable objects which
	 * should have decreased unreachable string refcounts to zero
	 * (even for cycles).
	 */

	for (i = 0; i < DUK_STRTAB_CHAIN_SIZE; i++) {
		e = heap->strtable + i;
		if (e->listlen == 0) {
#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
			duk__sweep_string_chain16(heap, &e->u.str16, &count_keep, &count_free);
#else
			duk__sweep_string_chain(heap, &e->u.str, &count_keep, &count_free);
#endif
		} else {
#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
			lst = (duk_uint16_t *) DUK_USE_HEAPPTR_DEC16(heap->heap_udata, e->u.strlist16);
#else
			lst = e->u.strlist;
#endif
			for (j = 0, n = e->listlen; j < n; j++) {
#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
				duk__sweep_string_chain16(heap, lst + j, &count_keep, &count_free);
#else
				duk__sweep_string_chain(heap, lst + j, &count_keep, &count_free);
#endif
			}
		}
	}

	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("mark-and-sweep sweep stringtable: %ld freed, %ld kept",
	                 (long) count_free, (long) count_keep));
	*out_count_keep = count_keep;
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_STRTAB_CHAIN */

#if defined(DUK_USE_STRTAB_PROBE)
DUK_LOCAL void duk__sweep_stringtable_probe(duk_heap *heap, duk_size_t *out_count_keep) {
	duk_hstring *h;
	duk_uint_fast32_t i;
#ifdef DUK_USE_DEBUG
	duk_size_t count_free = 0;
#endif
	duk_size_t count_keep = 0;

	DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("duk__sweep_stringtable: %p", (void *) heap));

	for (i = 0; i < heap->st_size; i++) {
#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
		h = (duk_hstring *) DUK_USE_HEAPPTR_DEC16(heap->heap_udata, heap->strtable16[i]);
#else
		h = heap->strtable[i];
#endif
		if (h == NULL || h == DUK_STRTAB_DELETED_MARKER(heap)) {
			continue;
		} else if (DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_REACHABLE((duk_heaphdr *) h)) {
			DUK_HEAPHDR_CLEAR_REACHABLE((duk_heaphdr *) h);
			count_keep++;
			continue;
		}

#ifdef DUK_USE_DEBUG
		count_free++;
#endif

#if defined(DUK_USE_REFERENCE_COUNTING)
		/* Non-zero refcounts should not happen for unreachable strings,
		 * because we refcount finalize all unreachable objects which
		 * should have decreased unreachable string refcounts to zero
		 * (even for cycles).
		 */
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_REFCOUNT((duk_heaphdr *) h) == 0);
#endif

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("sweep string, not reachable: %p", (void *) h));

		/* deal with weak references first */
		duk_heap_strcache_string_remove(heap, (duk_hstring *) h);

		/* remove the string (mark DELETED), could also call
		 * duk_heap_string_remove() but that would be slow and
		 * pointless because we already know the slot.
		 */
#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
		heap->strtable16[i] = heap->heapptr_deleted16;
#else
		heap->strtable[i] = DUK_STRTAB_DELETED_MARKER(heap);
#endif

		/* free inner references (these exist e.g. when external
		 * strings are enabled)
		 */
		duk_free_hstring_inner(heap, (duk_hstring *) h);

		/* finally free the struct itself */
		DUK_FREE(heap, h);
	}

#ifdef DUK_USE_DEBUG
	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("mark-and-sweep sweep stringtable: %ld freed, %ld kept",
	                 (long) count_free, (long) count_keep));
#endif
	*out_count_keep = count_keep;
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_STRTAB_PROBE */

/*
 *  Sweep heap
 */

DUK_LOCAL void duk__sweep_heap(duk_heap *heap, duk_int_t flags, duk_size_t *out_count_keep) {
	duk_heaphdr *prev;  /* last element that was left in the heap */
	duk_heaphdr *curr;
	duk_heaphdr *next;
#ifdef DUK_USE_DEBUG
	duk_size_t count_free = 0;
	duk_size_t count_finalize = 0;
	duk_size_t count_rescue = 0;
#endif
	duk_size_t count_keep = 0;

	DUK_UNREF(flags);
	DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("duk__sweep_heap: %p", (void *) heap));

	prev = NULL;
	curr = heap->heap_allocated;
	heap->heap_allocated = NULL;
	while (curr) {
		/* Strings and ROM objects are never placed on the heap allocated list. */
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_TYPE(curr) != DUK_HTYPE_STRING);
		DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_READONLY(curr));

		next = DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_NEXT(heap, curr);

		if (DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_REACHABLE(curr)) {
			/*
			 *  Reachable object, keep
			 */

			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("sweep, reachable: %p", (void *) curr));

			if (DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_FINALIZABLE(curr)) {
				/*
				 *  If object has been marked finalizable, move it to the
				 *  "to be finalized" work list.  It will be collected on
				 *  the next mark-and-sweep if it is still unreachable
				 *  after running the finalizer.
				 */

				DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_FINALIZED(curr));
				DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_TYPE(curr) == DUK_HTYPE_OBJECT);
				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("object has finalizer, move to finalization work list: %p", (void *) curr));

#ifdef DUK_USE_DOUBLE_LINKED_HEAP
				if (heap->finalize_list) {
					DUK_HEAPHDR_SET_PREV(heap, heap->finalize_list, curr);
				}
				DUK_HEAPHDR_SET_PREV(heap, curr, NULL);
#endif
				DUK_HEAPHDR_SET_NEXT(heap, curr, heap->finalize_list);
				DUK_ASSERT_HEAPHDR_LINKS(heap, curr);
				heap->finalize_list = curr;
#ifdef DUK_USE_DEBUG
				count_finalize++;
#endif
			} else {
				/*
				 *  Object will be kept; queue object back to heap_allocated (to tail)
				 */

				if (DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_FINALIZED(curr)) {
					/*
					 *  Object's finalizer was executed on last round, and
					 *  object has been happily rescued.
					 */

					DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_FINALIZABLE(curr));
					DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_TYPE(curr) == DUK_HTYPE_OBJECT);
					DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("object rescued during mark-and-sweep finalization: %p", (void *) curr));
#ifdef DUK_USE_DEBUG
					count_rescue++;
#endif
				} else {
					/*
					 *  Plain, boring reachable object.
					 */
					DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("keep object: %!iO", curr));
					count_keep++;
				}

				if (!heap->heap_allocated) {
					heap->heap_allocated = curr;
				}
				if (prev) {
					DUK_HEAPHDR_SET_NEXT(heap, prev, curr);
				}
#ifdef DUK_USE_DOUBLE_LINKED_HEAP
				DUK_HEAPHDR_SET_PREV(heap, curr, prev);
#endif
				DUK_ASSERT_HEAPHDR_LINKS(heap, prev);
				DUK_ASSERT_HEAPHDR_LINKS(heap, curr);
				prev = curr;
			}

			DUK_HEAPHDR_CLEAR_REACHABLE(curr);
			DUK_HEAPHDR_CLEAR_FINALIZED(curr);
			DUK_HEAPHDR_CLEAR_FINALIZABLE(curr);

			DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_REACHABLE(curr));
			DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_FINALIZED(curr));
			DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_FINALIZABLE(curr));

			curr = next;
		} else {
			/*
			 *  Unreachable object, free
			 */

			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("sweep, not reachable: %p", (void *) curr));

#if defined(DUK_USE_REFERENCE_COUNTING)
			/* Non-zero refcounts should not happen because we refcount
			 * finalize all unreachable objects which should cancel out
			 * refcounts (even for cycles).
			 */
			DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_REFCOUNT(curr) == 0);
#endif
			DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_FINALIZABLE(curr));

			if (DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_FINALIZED(curr)) {
				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("finalized object not rescued: %p", (void *) curr));
			}

			/* Note: object cannot be a finalizable unreachable object, as
			 * they have been marked temporarily reachable for this round,
			 * and are handled above.
			 */

#ifdef DUK_USE_DEBUG
			count_free++;
#endif

			/* weak refs should be handled here, but no weak refs for
			 * any non-string objects exist right now.
			 */

			/* free object and all auxiliary (non-heap) allocs */
			duk_heap_free_heaphdr_raw(heap, curr);

			curr = next;
		}
	}
	if (prev) {
		DUK_HEAPHDR_SET_NEXT(heap, prev, NULL);
	}
	DUK_ASSERT_HEAPHDR_LINKS(heap, prev);

#ifdef DUK_USE_DEBUG
	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("mark-and-sweep sweep objects (non-string): %ld freed, %ld kept, %ld rescued, %ld queued for finalization",
	                 (long) count_free, (long) count_keep, (long) count_rescue, (long) count_finalize));
#endif
	*out_count_keep = count_keep;
}

/*
 *  Run (object) finalizers in the "to be finalized" work list.
 */

DUK_LOCAL void duk__run_object_finalizers(duk_heap *heap, duk_small_uint_t flags) {
	duk_heaphdr *curr;
	duk_heaphdr *next;
#ifdef DUK_USE_DEBUG
	duk_size_t count = 0;
#endif
	duk_hthread *thr;

	DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("duk__run_object_finalizers: %p", (void *) heap));

	thr = duk__get_temp_hthread(heap);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);

	curr = heap->finalize_list;
	while (curr) {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("mark-and-sweep finalize: %p", (void *) curr));

		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_TYPE(curr) == DUK_HTYPE_OBJECT);  /* only objects have finalizers */
		DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_REACHABLE(curr));                /* flags have been already cleared */
		DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_TEMPROOT(curr));
		DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_FINALIZABLE(curr));
		DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_FINALIZED(curr));
		DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_READONLY(curr));  /* No finalizers for ROM objects */

		if (DUK_LIKELY((flags & DUK_MS_FLAG_SKIP_FINALIZERS) == 0)) {
			/* Run the finalizer, duk_hobject_run_finalizer() sets FINALIZED.
			 * Next mark-and-sweep will collect the object unless it has
			 * become reachable (i.e. rescued).  FINALIZED prevents the
			 * finalizer from being executed again before that.
			 */
			duk_hobject_run_finalizer(thr, (duk_hobject *) curr);  /* must never longjmp */
			DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_FINALIZED(curr));
		} else {
			/* Used during heap destruction: don't actually run finalizers
			 * because we're heading into forced finalization.  Instead,
			 * queue finalizable objects back to the heap_allocated list.
			 */
			DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("skip finalizers flag set, queue object to heap_allocated without finalizing"));
			DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_FINALIZED(curr));
		}

		/* queue back to heap_allocated */
		next = DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_NEXT(heap, curr);
		DUK_HEAP_INSERT_INTO_HEAP_ALLOCATED(heap, curr);

		curr = next;
#ifdef DUK_USE_DEBUG
		count++;
#endif
	}

	/* finalize_list will always be processed completely */
	heap->finalize_list = NULL;

#ifdef DUK_USE_DEBUG
	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("mark-and-sweep finalize objects: %ld finalizers called", (long) count));
#endif
}

/*
 *  Object compaction.
 *
 *  Compaction is assumed to never throw an error.
 */

DUK_LOCAL int duk__protected_compact_object(duk_context *ctx) {
	/* XXX: for threads, compact value stack, call stack, catch stack? */

	duk_hobject *obj = duk_get_hobject(ctx, -1);
	DUK_ASSERT(obj != NULL);
	duk_hobject_compact_props((duk_hthread *) ctx, obj);
	return 0;
}

#ifdef DUK_USE_DEBUG
DUK_LOCAL void duk__compact_object_list(duk_heap *heap, duk_hthread *thr, duk_heaphdr *start, duk_size_t *p_count_check, duk_size_t *p_count_compact, duk_size_t *p_count_bytes_saved) {
#else
DUK_LOCAL void duk__compact_object_list(duk_heap *heap, duk_hthread *thr, duk_heaphdr *start) {
#endif
	duk_heaphdr *curr;
#ifdef DUK_USE_DEBUG
	duk_size_t old_size, new_size;
#endif
	duk_hobject *obj;

	DUK_UNREF(heap);

	curr = start;
	while (curr) {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("mark-and-sweep compact: %p", (void *) curr));

		if (DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_TYPE(curr) != DUK_HTYPE_OBJECT) {
			goto next;
		}
		obj = (duk_hobject *) curr;

#ifdef DUK_USE_DEBUG
		old_size = DUK_HOBJECT_P_COMPUTE_SIZE(DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ESIZE(obj),
		                                      DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ASIZE(obj),
		                                      DUK_HOBJECT_GET_HSIZE(obj));
#endif

		DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("compact object: %p", (void *) obj));
		duk_push_hobject((duk_context *) thr, obj);
		/* XXX: disable error handlers for duration of compaction? */
		duk_safe_call((duk_context *) thr, duk__protected_compact_object, 1, 0);

#ifdef DUK_USE_DEBUG
		new_size = DUK_HOBJECT_P_COMPUTE_SIZE(DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ESIZE(obj),
		                                      DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ASIZE(obj),
		                                      DUK_HOBJECT_GET_HSIZE(obj));
#endif

#ifdef DUK_USE_DEBUG
		(*p_count_compact)++;
		(*p_count_bytes_saved) += (duk_size_t) (old_size - new_size);
#endif

	 next:
		curr = DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_NEXT(heap, curr);
#ifdef DUK_USE_DEBUG
		(*p_count_check)++;
#endif
	}
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__compact_objects(duk_heap *heap) {
	/* XXX: which lists should participate?  to be finalized? */
#ifdef DUK_USE_DEBUG
	duk_size_t count_check = 0;
	duk_size_t count_compact = 0;
	duk_size_t count_bytes_saved = 0;
#endif
	duk_hthread *thr;

	DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("duk__compact_objects: %p", (void *) heap));

	thr = duk__get_temp_hthread(heap);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);

#ifdef DUK_USE_DEBUG
	duk__compact_object_list(heap, thr, heap->heap_allocated, &count_check, &count_compact, &count_bytes_saved);
	duk__compact_object_list(heap, thr, heap->finalize_list, &count_check, &count_compact, &count_bytes_saved);
#ifdef DUK_USE_REFERENCE_COUNTING
	duk__compact_object_list(heap, thr, heap->refzero_list, &count_check, &count_compact, &count_bytes_saved);
#endif
#else
	duk__compact_object_list(heap, thr, heap->heap_allocated);
	duk__compact_object_list(heap, thr, heap->finalize_list);
#ifdef DUK_USE_REFERENCE_COUNTING
	duk__compact_object_list(heap, thr, heap->refzero_list);
#endif
#endif

#ifdef DUK_USE_DEBUG
	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("mark-and-sweep compact objects: %ld checked, %ld compaction attempts, %ld bytes saved by compaction",
	                 (long) count_check, (long) count_compact, (long) count_bytes_saved));
#endif
}

/*
 *  Assertion helpers.
 */

#ifdef DUK_USE_ASSERTIONS
DUK_LOCAL void duk__assert_heaphdr_flags(duk_heap *heap) {
	duk_heaphdr *hdr;

	hdr = heap->heap_allocated;
	while (hdr) {
		DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_REACHABLE(hdr));
		DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_TEMPROOT(hdr));
		DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_FINALIZABLE(hdr));
		/* may have FINALIZED */
		hdr = DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_NEXT(heap, hdr);
	}

#ifdef DUK_USE_REFERENCE_COUNTING
	hdr = heap->refzero_list;
	while (hdr) {
		DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_REACHABLE(hdr));
		DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_TEMPROOT(hdr));
		DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_FINALIZABLE(hdr));
		DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_FINALIZED(hdr));
		hdr = DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_NEXT(heap, hdr);
	}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_REFERENCE_COUNTING */
}

#ifdef DUK_USE_REFERENCE_COUNTING
DUK_LOCAL void duk__assert_valid_refcounts(duk_heap *heap) {
	duk_heaphdr *hdr = heap->heap_allocated;
	while (hdr) {
		if (DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_REFCOUNT(hdr) == 0 &&
		    DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_FINALIZED(hdr)) {
			/* An object may be in heap_allocated list with a zero
			 * refcount if it has just been finalized and is waiting
			 * to be collected by the next cycle.
			 */
		} else if (DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_REFCOUNT(hdr) == 0) {
			/* An object may be in heap_allocated list with a zero
			 * refcount also if it is a temporary object created by
			 * a finalizer; because finalization now runs inside
			 * mark-and-sweep, such objects will not be queued to
			 * refzero_list and will thus appear here with refcount
			 * zero.
			 */
#if 0  /* this case can no longer occur because refcount is unsigned */
		} else if (DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_REFCOUNT(hdr) < 0) {
			DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("invalid refcount: %ld, %p -> %!O",
			                 (hdr != NULL ? (long) DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_REFCOUNT(hdr) : (long) 0),
			                 (void *) hdr, (duk_heaphdr *) hdr));
			DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_REFCOUNT(hdr) > 0);
#endif
		}
		hdr = DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_NEXT(heap, hdr);
	}
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_REFERENCE_COUNTING */
#endif  /* DUK_USE_ASSERTIONS */

/*
 *  Finalizer torture.  Do one fake finalizer call which causes side effects
 *  similar to one or more finalizers on actual objects.
 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_MARKANDSWEEP_FINALIZER_TORTURE)
DUK_LOCAL duk_ret_t duk__markandsweep_fake_finalizer(duk_context *ctx) {
	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("fake mark-and-sweep torture finalizer executed"));

	/* Require a lot of stack to force a value stack grow/shrink.
	 * Recursive mark-and-sweep is prevented by allocation macros
	 * so this won't trigger another mark-and-sweep.
	 */
	duk_require_stack(ctx, 100000);

	/* XXX: do something to force a callstack grow/shrink, perhaps
	 * just a manual forced resize or a forced relocating realloc?
	 */

	return 0;
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__markandsweep_torture_finalizer(duk_hthread *thr) {
	duk_context *ctx;
	duk_int_t rc;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	ctx = (duk_context *) thr;

	/* Avoid fake finalization when callstack limit has been reached.
	 * Otherwise a callstack limit error will be created, then refzero'ed.
	 */
	if (thr->heap->call_recursion_depth >= thr->heap->call_recursion_limit ||
	    thr->callstack_size + 2 * DUK_CALLSTACK_GROW_STEP >= thr->callstack_max /*approximate*/) {
		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("call recursion depth reached, avoid fake mark-and-sweep torture finalizer"));
		return;
	}

	/* Run fake finalizer.  Avoid creating unnecessary garbage. */
	duk_push_c_function(ctx, duk__markandsweep_fake_finalizer, 0 /*nargs*/);
	rc = duk_pcall(ctx, 0 /*nargs*/);
	DUK_UNREF(rc);  /* ignored */
	duk_pop(ctx);
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_MARKANDSWEEP_FINALIZER_TORTURE */

/*
 *  Main mark-and-sweep function.
 *
 *  'flags' represents the features requested by the caller.  The current
 *  heap->mark_and_sweep_base_flags is ORed automatically into the flags;
 *  the base flags mask typically prevents certain mark-and-sweep operations
 *  to avoid trouble.
 */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_heap_mark_and_sweep(duk_heap *heap, duk_small_uint_t flags) {
	duk_hthread *thr;
	duk_size_t count_keep_obj;
	duk_size_t count_keep_str;
#ifdef DUK_USE_VOLUNTARY_GC
	duk_size_t tmp;
#endif

	/* XXX: thread selection for mark-and-sweep is currently a hack.
	 * If we don't have a thread, the entire mark-and-sweep is now
	 * skipped (although we could just skip finalizations).
	 */

	/* If thr != NULL, the thr may still be in the middle of
	 * initialization.
	 * XXX: Improve the thread viability test.
	 */
	thr = duk__get_temp_hthread(heap);
	if (thr == NULL) {
		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("gc skipped because we don't have a temp thread"));

		/* reset voluntary gc trigger count */
#ifdef DUK_USE_VOLUNTARY_GC
		heap->mark_and_sweep_trigger_counter = DUK_HEAP_MARK_AND_SWEEP_TRIGGER_SKIP;
#endif
		return 0;  /* OK */
	}

	/* If debugger is paused, garbage collection is disabled by default. */
	/* XXX: will need a force flag if garbage collection is triggered
	 * explicitly during paused state.
	 */
#if defined(DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_SUPPORT)
	if (DUK_HEAP_IS_PAUSED(heap)) {
		/* Checking this here rather that in memory alloc primitives
		 * reduces checking code there but means a failed allocation
		 * will go through a few retries before giving up.  That's
		 * fine because this only happens during debugging.
		 */
		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("gc skipped because debugger is paused"));
		return 0;
	}
#endif

	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("garbage collect (mark-and-sweep) starting, requested flags: 0x%08lx, effective flags: 0x%08lx",
	                 (unsigned long) flags, (unsigned long) (flags | heap->mark_and_sweep_base_flags)));

	flags |= heap->mark_and_sweep_base_flags;

	/*
	 *  Assertions before
	 */

#ifdef DUK_USE_ASSERTIONS
	DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HEAP_HAS_MARKANDSWEEP_RUNNING(heap));
	DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HEAP_HAS_MARKANDSWEEP_RECLIMIT_REACHED(heap));
	DUK_ASSERT(heap->mark_and_sweep_recursion_depth == 0);
	duk__assert_heaphdr_flags(heap);
#ifdef DUK_USE_REFERENCE_COUNTING
	/* Note: DUK_HEAP_HAS_REFZERO_FREE_RUNNING(heap) may be true; a refcount
	 * finalizer may trigger a mark-and-sweep.
	 */
	duk__assert_valid_refcounts(heap);
#endif  /* DUK_USE_REFERENCE_COUNTING */
#endif  /* DUK_USE_ASSERTIONS */

	/*
	 *  Begin
	 */

	DUK_HEAP_SET_MARKANDSWEEP_RUNNING(heap);

	/*
	 *  Mark roots, hoping that recursion limit is not normally hit.
	 *  If recursion limit is hit, run additional reachability rounds
	 *  starting from "temproots" until marking is complete.
	 *
	 *  Marking happens in two phases: first we mark actual reachability
	 *  roots (and run "temproots" to complete the process).  Then we
	 *  check which objects are unreachable and are finalizable; such
	 *  objects are marked as FINALIZABLE and marked as reachability
	 *  (and "temproots" is run again to complete the process).
	 *
	 *  The heap finalize_list must also be marked as a reachability root.
	 *  There may be objects on the list from a previous round if the
	 *  previous run had finalizer skip flag.
	 */

	duk__mark_roots_heap(heap);               /* main reachability roots */
#ifdef DUK_USE_REFERENCE_COUNTING
	duk__mark_refzero_list(heap);             /* refzero_list treated as reachability roots */
#endif
	duk__mark_temproots_by_heap_scan(heap);   /* temproots */

	duk__mark_finalizable(heap);              /* mark finalizable as reachability roots */
	duk__mark_finalize_list(heap);            /* mark finalizer work list as reachability roots */
	duk__mark_temproots_by_heap_scan(heap);   /* temproots */

	/*
	 *  Sweep garbage and remove marking flags, and move objects with
	 *  finalizers to the finalizer work list.
	 *
	 *  Objects to be swept need to get their refcounts finalized before
	 *  they are swept.  In other words, their target object refcounts
	 *  need to be decreased.  This has to be done before freeing any
	 *  objects to avoid decref'ing dangling pointers (which may happen
	 *  even without bugs, e.g. with reference loops)
	 *
	 *  Because strings don't point to other heap objects, similar
	 *  finalization is not necessary for strings.
	 */

	/* XXX: more emergency behavior, e.g. find smaller hash sizes etc */

#ifdef DUK_USE_REFERENCE_COUNTING
	duk__finalize_refcounts(heap);
#endif
	duk__sweep_heap(heap, flags, &count_keep_obj);
#if defined(DUK_USE_STRTAB_CHAIN)
	duk__sweep_stringtable_chain(heap, &count_keep_str);
#elif defined(DUK_USE_STRTAB_PROBE)
	duk__sweep_stringtable_probe(heap, &count_keep_str);
#else
#error internal error, invalid strtab options
#endif
#ifdef DUK_USE_REFERENCE_COUNTING
	duk__clear_refzero_list_flags(heap);
#endif
	duk__clear_finalize_list_flags(heap);

	/*
	 *  Object compaction (emergency only).
	 *
	 *  Object compaction is a separate step after sweeping, as there is
	 *  more free memory for it to work with.  Also, currently compaction
	 *  may insert new objects into the heap allocated list and the string
	 *  table which we don't want to do during a sweep (the reachability
	 *  flags of such objects would be incorrect).  The objects inserted
	 *  are currently:
	 *
	 *    - a temporary duk_hbuffer for a new properties allocation
	 *    - if array part is abandoned, string keys are interned
	 *
	 *  The object insertions go to the front of the list, so they do not
	 *  cause an infinite loop (they are not compacted).
	 */

	if ((flags & DUK_MS_FLAG_EMERGENCY) &&
	    !(flags & DUK_MS_FLAG_NO_OBJECT_COMPACTION)) {
		duk__compact_objects(heap);
	}

	/*
	 *  String table resize check.
	 *
	 *  Note: this may silently (and safely) fail if GC is caused by an
	 *  allocation call in stringtable resize_hash().  Resize_hash()
	 *  will prevent a recursive call to itself by setting the
	 *  DUK_MS_FLAG_NO_STRINGTABLE_RESIZE in heap->mark_and_sweep_base_flags.
	 */

	/* XXX: stringtable emergency compaction? */

	/* XXX: remove this feature entirely? it would only matter for
	 * emergency GC.  Disable for lowest memory builds.
	 */
#if defined(DUK_USE_MS_STRINGTABLE_RESIZE)
	if (!(flags & DUK_MS_FLAG_NO_STRINGTABLE_RESIZE)) {
		DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("resize stringtable: %p", (void *) heap));
		duk_heap_force_strtab_resize(heap);
	} else {
		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("stringtable resize skipped because DUK_MS_FLAG_NO_STRINGTABLE_RESIZE is set"));
	}
#endif

	/*
	 *  Finalize objects in the finalization work list.  Finalized
	 *  objects are queued back to heap_allocated with FINALIZED set.
	 *
	 *  Since finalizers may cause arbitrary side effects, they are
	 *  prevented during string table and object property allocation
	 *  resizing using the DUK_MS_FLAG_NO_FINALIZERS flag in
	 *  heap->mark_and_sweep_base_flags.  In this case the objects
	 *  remain in the finalization work list after mark-and-sweep
	 *  exits and they may be finalized on the next pass.
	 *
	 *  Finalization currently happens inside "MARKANDSWEEP_RUNNING"
	 *  protection (no mark-and-sweep may be triggered by the
	 *  finalizers).  As a side effect:
	 *
	 *    1) an out-of-memory error inside a finalizer will not
	 *       cause a mark-and-sweep and may cause the finalizer
	 *       to fail unnecessarily
	 *
	 *    2) any temporary objects whose refcount decreases to zero
	 *       during finalization will not be put into refzero_list;
	 *       they can only be collected by another mark-and-sweep
	 *
	 *  This is not optimal, but since the sweep for this phase has
	 *  already happened, this is probably good enough for now.
	 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_MARKANDSWEEP_FINALIZER_TORTURE)
	/* Cannot simulate individual finalizers because finalize_list only
	 * contains objects with actual finalizers.  But simulate side effects
	 * from finalization by doing a bogus function call and resizing the
	 * stacks.
	 */
	if (flags & DUK_MS_FLAG_NO_FINALIZERS) {
		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("skip mark-and-sweep torture finalizer, DUK_MS_FLAG_NO_FINALIZERS is set"));
	} else if (!(thr->valstack != NULL && thr->callstack != NULL && thr->catchstack != NULL)) {
		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("skip mark-and-sweep torture finalizer, thread not yet viable"));
	} else {
		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("run mark-and-sweep torture finalizer"));
		duk__markandsweep_torture_finalizer(thr);
	}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_MARKANDSWEEP_FINALIZER_TORTURE */

	if (flags & DUK_MS_FLAG_NO_FINALIZERS) {
		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("finalizer run skipped because DUK_MS_FLAG_NO_FINALIZERS is set"));
	} else {
		duk__run_object_finalizers(heap, flags);
	}

	/*
	 *  Finish
	 */

	DUK_HEAP_CLEAR_MARKANDSWEEP_RUNNING(heap);

	/*
	 *  Assertions after
	 */

#ifdef DUK_USE_ASSERTIONS
	DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HEAP_HAS_MARKANDSWEEP_RUNNING(heap));
	DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HEAP_HAS_MARKANDSWEEP_RECLIMIT_REACHED(heap));
	DUK_ASSERT(heap->mark_and_sweep_recursion_depth == 0);
	duk__assert_heaphdr_flags(heap);
#ifdef DUK_USE_REFERENCE_COUNTING
	/* Note: DUK_HEAP_HAS_REFZERO_FREE_RUNNING(heap) may be true; a refcount
	 * finalizer may trigger a mark-and-sweep.
	 */
	duk__assert_valid_refcounts(heap);
#endif  /* DUK_USE_REFERENCE_COUNTING */
#endif  /* DUK_USE_ASSERTIONS */

	/*
	 *  Reset trigger counter
	 */

#ifdef DUK_USE_VOLUNTARY_GC
	tmp = (count_keep_obj + count_keep_str) / 256;
	heap->mark_and_sweep_trigger_counter = (duk_int_t) (
	    (tmp * DUK_HEAP_MARK_AND_SWEEP_TRIGGER_MULT) +
	    DUK_HEAP_MARK_AND_SWEEP_TRIGGER_ADD);
	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("garbage collect (mark-and-sweep) finished: %ld objects kept, %ld strings kept, trigger reset to %ld",
	                 (long) count_keep_obj, (long) count_keep_str, (long) heap->mark_and_sweep_trigger_counter));
#else
	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("garbage collect (mark-and-sweep) finished: %ld objects kept, %ld strings kept, no voluntary trigger",
	                 (long) count_keep_obj, (long) count_keep_str));
#endif

	return 0;  /* OK */
}

#else  /* DUK_USE_MARK_AND_SWEEP */

/* no mark-and-sweep gc */

#endif  /* DUK_USE_MARK_AND_SWEEP */
/*
 *  Memory allocation handling.
 */

/* include removed: duk_internal.h */

/*
 *  Helpers
 *
 *  The fast path checks are done within a macro to ensure "inlining"
 *  while the slow path actions use a helper (which won't typically be
 *  inlined in size optimized builds).
 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_MARK_AND_SWEEP) && defined(DUK_USE_VOLUNTARY_GC)
#define DUK__VOLUNTARY_PERIODIC_GC(heap)  do { \
		(heap)->mark_and_sweep_trigger_counter--; \
		if ((heap)->mark_and_sweep_trigger_counter <= 0) { \
			duk__run_voluntary_gc(heap); \
		} \
	} while (0)

DUK_LOCAL void duk__run_voluntary_gc(duk_heap *heap) {
	if (DUK_HEAP_HAS_MARKANDSWEEP_RUNNING(heap)) {
		DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("mark-and-sweep in progress -> skip voluntary mark-and-sweep now"));
	} else {
		duk_small_uint_t flags;
		duk_bool_t rc;

		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("triggering voluntary mark-and-sweep"));
		flags = 0;
		rc = duk_heap_mark_and_sweep(heap, flags);
		DUK_UNREF(rc);
	}
}
#else
#define DUK__VOLUNTARY_PERIODIC_GC(heap)  /* no voluntary gc */
#endif  /* DUK_USE_MARK_AND_SWEEP && DUK_USE_VOLUNTARY_GC */

/*
 *  Allocate memory with garbage collection
 */

#ifdef DUK_USE_MARK_AND_SWEEP
DUK_INTERNAL void *duk_heap_mem_alloc(duk_heap *heap, duk_size_t size) {
	void *res;
	duk_bool_t rc;
	duk_small_int_t i;

	DUK_ASSERT(heap != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(size >= 0);

	/*
	 *  Voluntary periodic GC (if enabled)
	 */

	DUK__VOLUNTARY_PERIODIC_GC(heap);

	/*
	 *  First attempt
	 */

#ifdef DUK_USE_GC_TORTURE
	/* simulate alloc failure on every alloc (except when mark-and-sweep is running) */
	if (!DUK_HEAP_HAS_MARKANDSWEEP_RUNNING(heap)) {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("gc torture enabled, pretend that first alloc attempt fails"));
		res = NULL;
		DUK_UNREF(res);
		goto skip_attempt;
	}
#endif
	res = heap->alloc_func(heap->heap_udata, size);
	if (res || size == 0) {
		/* for zero size allocations NULL is allowed */
		return res;
	}
#ifdef DUK_USE_GC_TORTURE
 skip_attempt:
#endif

	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("first alloc attempt failed, attempt to gc and retry"));

	/*
	 *  Avoid a GC if GC is already running.  This can happen at a late
	 *  stage in a GC when we try to e.g. resize the stringtable
	 *  or compact objects.
	 */

	if (DUK_HEAP_HAS_MARKANDSWEEP_RUNNING(heap)) {
		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("duk_heap_mem_alloc() failed, gc in progress (gc skipped), alloc size %ld", (long) size));
		return NULL;
	}

	/*
	 *  Retry with several GC attempts.  Initial attempts are made without
	 *  emergency mode; later attempts use emergency mode which minimizes
	 *  memory allocations forcibly.
	 */

	for (i = 0; i < DUK_HEAP_ALLOC_FAIL_MARKANDSWEEP_LIMIT; i++) {
		duk_small_uint_t flags;

		flags = 0;
		if (i >= DUK_HEAP_ALLOC_FAIL_MARKANDSWEEP_EMERGENCY_LIMIT - 1) {
			flags |= DUK_MS_FLAG_EMERGENCY;
		}

		rc = duk_heap_mark_and_sweep(heap, flags);
		DUK_UNREF(rc);

		res = heap->alloc_func(heap->heap_udata, size);
		if (res) {
			DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("duk_heap_mem_alloc() succeeded after gc (pass %ld), alloc size %ld",
			                 (long) (i + 1), (long) size));
			return res;
		}
	}

	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("duk_heap_mem_alloc() failed even after gc, alloc size %ld", (long) size));
	return NULL;
}
#else  /* DUK_USE_MARK_AND_SWEEP */
/*
 *  Compared to a direct macro expansion this wrapper saves a few
 *  instructions because no heap dereferencing is required.
 */
DUK_INTERNAL void *duk_heap_mem_alloc(duk_heap *heap, duk_size_t size) {
	DUK_ASSERT(heap != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(size >= 0);

	return heap->alloc_func(heap->heap_udata, size);
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_MARK_AND_SWEEP */

DUK_INTERNAL void *duk_heap_mem_alloc_zeroed(duk_heap *heap, duk_size_t size) {
	void *res;

	DUK_ASSERT(heap != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(size >= 0);

	res = DUK_ALLOC(heap, size);
	if (res) {
		/* assume memset with zero size is OK */
		DUK_MEMZERO(res, size);
	}
	return res;
}

/*
 *  Reallocate memory with garbage collection
 */

#ifdef DUK_USE_MARK_AND_SWEEP
DUK_INTERNAL void *duk_heap_mem_realloc(duk_heap *heap, void *ptr, duk_size_t newsize) {
	void *res;
	duk_bool_t rc;
	duk_small_int_t i;

	DUK_ASSERT(heap != NULL);
	/* ptr may be NULL */
	DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(newsize >= 0);

	/*
	 *  Voluntary periodic GC (if enabled)
	 */

	DUK__VOLUNTARY_PERIODIC_GC(heap);

	/*
	 *  First attempt
	 */

#ifdef DUK_USE_GC_TORTURE
	/* simulate alloc failure on every realloc (except when mark-and-sweep is running) */
	if (!DUK_HEAP_HAS_MARKANDSWEEP_RUNNING(heap)) {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("gc torture enabled, pretend that first realloc attempt fails"));
		res = NULL;
		DUK_UNREF(res);
		goto skip_attempt;
	}
#endif
	res = heap->realloc_func(heap->heap_udata, ptr, newsize);
	if (res || newsize == 0) {
		/* for zero size allocations NULL is allowed */
		return res;
	}
#ifdef DUK_USE_GC_TORTURE
 skip_attempt:
#endif

	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("first realloc attempt failed, attempt to gc and retry"));

	/*
	 *  Avoid a GC if GC is already running.  See duk_heap_mem_alloc().
	 */

	if (DUK_HEAP_HAS_MARKANDSWEEP_RUNNING(heap)) {
		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("duk_heap_mem_realloc() failed, gc in progress (gc skipped), alloc size %ld", (long) newsize));
		return NULL;
	}

	/*
	 *  Retry with several GC attempts.  Initial attempts are made without
	 *  emergency mode; later attempts use emergency mode which minimizes
	 *  memory allocations forcibly.
	 */

	for (i = 0; i < DUK_HEAP_ALLOC_FAIL_MARKANDSWEEP_LIMIT; i++) {
		duk_small_uint_t flags;

		flags = 0;
		if (i >= DUK_HEAP_ALLOC_FAIL_MARKANDSWEEP_EMERGENCY_LIMIT - 1) {
			flags |= DUK_MS_FLAG_EMERGENCY;
		}

		rc = duk_heap_mark_and_sweep(heap, flags);
		DUK_UNREF(rc);

		res = heap->realloc_func(heap->heap_udata, ptr, newsize);
		if (res || newsize == 0) {
			DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("duk_heap_mem_realloc() succeeded after gc (pass %ld), alloc size %ld",
			                 (long) (i + 1), (long) newsize));
			return res;
		}
	}

	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("duk_heap_mem_realloc() failed even after gc, alloc size %ld", (long) newsize));
	return NULL;
}
#else  /* DUK_USE_MARK_AND_SWEEP */
/* saves a few instructions to have this wrapper (see comment on duk_heap_mem_alloc) */
DUK_INTERNAL void *duk_heap_mem_realloc(duk_heap *heap, void *ptr, duk_size_t newsize) {
	DUK_ASSERT(heap != NULL);
	/* ptr may be NULL */
	DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(newsize >= 0);

	return heap->realloc_func(heap->heap_udata, ptr, newsize);
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_MARK_AND_SWEEP */

/*
 *  Reallocate memory with garbage collection, using a callback to provide
 *  the current allocated pointer.  This variant is used when a mark-and-sweep
 *  (e.g. finalizers) might change the original pointer.
 */

#ifdef DUK_USE_MARK_AND_SWEEP
DUK_INTERNAL void *duk_heap_mem_realloc_indirect(duk_heap *heap, duk_mem_getptr cb, void *ud, duk_size_t newsize) {
	void *res;
	duk_bool_t rc;
	duk_small_int_t i;

	DUK_ASSERT(heap != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(newsize >= 0);

	/*
	 *  Voluntary periodic GC (if enabled)
	 */

	DUK__VOLUNTARY_PERIODIC_GC(heap);

	/*
	 *  First attempt
	 */

#ifdef DUK_USE_GC_TORTURE
	/* simulate alloc failure on every realloc (except when mark-and-sweep is running) */
	if (!DUK_HEAP_HAS_MARKANDSWEEP_RUNNING(heap)) {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("gc torture enabled, pretend that first indirect realloc attempt fails"));
		res = NULL;
		DUK_UNREF(res);
		goto skip_attempt;
	}
#endif
	res = heap->realloc_func(heap->heap_udata, cb(heap, ud), newsize);
	if (res || newsize == 0) {
		/* for zero size allocations NULL is allowed */
		return res;
	}
#ifdef DUK_USE_GC_TORTURE
 skip_attempt:
#endif

	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("first indirect realloc attempt failed, attempt to gc and retry"));

	/*
	 *  Avoid a GC if GC is already running.  See duk_heap_mem_alloc().
	 */

	if (DUK_HEAP_HAS_MARKANDSWEEP_RUNNING(heap)) {
		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("duk_heap_mem_realloc_indirect() failed, gc in progress (gc skipped), alloc size %ld", (long) newsize));
		return NULL;
	}

	/*
	 *  Retry with several GC attempts.  Initial attempts are made without
	 *  emergency mode; later attempts use emergency mode which minimizes
	 *  memory allocations forcibly.
	 */

	for (i = 0; i < DUK_HEAP_ALLOC_FAIL_MARKANDSWEEP_LIMIT; i++) {
		duk_small_uint_t flags;

#ifdef DUK_USE_ASSERTIONS
		void *ptr_pre;  /* ptr before mark-and-sweep */
		void *ptr_post;
#endif

#ifdef DUK_USE_ASSERTIONS
		ptr_pre = cb(heap, ud);
#endif
		flags = 0;
		if (i >= DUK_HEAP_ALLOC_FAIL_MARKANDSWEEP_EMERGENCY_LIMIT - 1) {
			flags |= DUK_MS_FLAG_EMERGENCY;
		}

		rc = duk_heap_mark_and_sweep(heap, flags);
		DUK_UNREF(rc);
#ifdef DUK_USE_ASSERTIONS
		ptr_post = cb(heap, ud);
		if (ptr_pre != ptr_post) {
			/* useful for debugging */
			DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("note: base pointer changed by mark-and-sweep: %p -> %p",
			                   (void *) ptr_pre, (void *) ptr_post));
		}
#endif

		/* Note: key issue here is to re-lookup the base pointer on every attempt.
		 * The pointer being reallocated may change after every mark-and-sweep.
		 */

		res = heap->realloc_func(heap->heap_udata, cb(heap, ud), newsize);
		if (res || newsize == 0) {
			DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("duk_heap_mem_realloc_indirect() succeeded after gc (pass %ld), alloc size %ld",
			                 (long) (i + 1), (long) newsize));
			return res;
		}
	}

	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("duk_heap_mem_realloc_indirect() failed even after gc, alloc size %ld", (long) newsize));
	return NULL;
}
#else  /* DUK_USE_MARK_AND_SWEEP */
/* saves a few instructions to have this wrapper (see comment on duk_heap_mem_alloc) */
DUK_INTERNAL void *duk_heap_mem_realloc_indirect(duk_heap *heap, duk_mem_getptr cb, void *ud, duk_size_t newsize) {
	return heap->realloc_func(heap->heap_udata, cb(heap, ud), newsize);
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_MARK_AND_SWEEP */

/*
 *  Free memory
 */

#ifdef DUK_USE_MARK_AND_SWEEP
DUK_INTERNAL void duk_heap_mem_free(duk_heap *heap, void *ptr) {
	DUK_ASSERT(heap != NULL);
	/* ptr may be NULL */

	/* Must behave like a no-op with NULL and any pointer returned from
	 * malloc/realloc with zero size.
	 */
	heap->free_func(heap->heap_udata, ptr);

	/* Count free operations toward triggering a GC but never actually trigger
	 * a GC from a free.  Otherwise code which frees internal structures would
	 * need to put in NULLs at every turn to ensure the object is always in
	 * consistent state for a mark-and-sweep.
	 */
#ifdef DUK_USE_VOLUNTARY_GC
	heap->mark_and_sweep_trigger_counter--;
#endif
}
#else
/* saves a few instructions to have this wrapper (see comment on duk_heap_mem_alloc) */
DUK_INTERNAL void duk_heap_mem_free(duk_heap *heap, void *ptr) {
	DUK_ASSERT(heap != NULL);
	/* ptr may be NULL */

	/* Note: must behave like a no-op with NULL and any pointer
	 * returned from malloc/realloc with zero size.
	 */
	heap->free_func(heap->heap_udata, ptr);
}
#endif
/*
 *  Support functions for duk_heap.
 */

/* include removed: duk_internal.h */

#if defined(DUK_USE_DOUBLE_LINKED_HEAP) && defined(DUK_USE_REFERENCE_COUNTING)
/* arbitrary remove only works with double linked heap, and is only required by
 * reference counting so far.
 */
DUK_INTERNAL void duk_heap_remove_any_from_heap_allocated(duk_heap *heap, duk_heaphdr *hdr) {
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_TYPE(hdr) != DUK_HTYPE_STRING);

	if (DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_PREV(heap, hdr)) {
		DUK_HEAPHDR_SET_NEXT(heap, DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_PREV(heap, hdr), DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_NEXT(heap, hdr));
	} else {
		heap->heap_allocated = DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_NEXT(heap, hdr);
	}
	if (DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_NEXT(heap, hdr)) {
		DUK_HEAPHDR_SET_PREV(heap, DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_NEXT(heap, hdr), DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_PREV(heap, hdr));
	} else {
		;
	}

	/* The prev/next pointers of the removed duk_heaphdr are left as garbage.
	 * It's up to the caller to ensure they're written before inserting the
	 * object back.
	 */
}
#endif

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_heap_insert_into_heap_allocated(duk_heap *heap, duk_heaphdr *hdr) {
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_TYPE(hdr) != DUK_HTYPE_STRING);

#ifdef DUK_USE_DOUBLE_LINKED_HEAP
	if (heap->heap_allocated) {
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_PREV(heap, heap->heap_allocated) == NULL);
		DUK_HEAPHDR_SET_PREV(heap, heap->heap_allocated, hdr);
	}
	DUK_HEAPHDR_SET_PREV(heap, hdr, NULL);
#endif
	DUK_HEAPHDR_SET_NEXT(heap, hdr, heap->heap_allocated);
	heap->heap_allocated = hdr;
}

#ifdef DUK_USE_INTERRUPT_COUNTER
DUK_INTERNAL void duk_heap_switch_thread(duk_heap *heap, duk_hthread *new_thr) {
	duk_hthread *curr_thr;

	DUK_ASSERT(heap != NULL);

	if (new_thr != NULL) {
		curr_thr = heap->curr_thread;
		if (curr_thr == NULL) {
			/* For initial entry use default value; zero forces an
			 * interrupt before executing the first insturction.
			 */
			DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("switch thread, initial entry, init default interrupt counter"));
			new_thr->interrupt_counter = 0;
			new_thr->interrupt_init = 0;
		} else {
			/* Copy interrupt counter/init value state to new thread (if any).
			 * It's OK for new_thr to be the same as curr_thr.
			 */
#if defined(DUK_USE_DEBUG)
			if (new_thr != curr_thr) {
				DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("switch thread, not initial entry, copy interrupt counter"));
			}
#endif
			new_thr->interrupt_counter = curr_thr->interrupt_counter;
			new_thr->interrupt_init = curr_thr->interrupt_init;
		}
	} else {
		DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("switch thread, new thread is NULL, no interrupt counter changes"));
	}

	heap->curr_thread = new_thr;  /* may be NULL */
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_INTERRUPT_COUNTER */
/*
 *  Reference counting implementation.
 */

/* include removed: duk_internal.h */

#ifdef DUK_USE_REFERENCE_COUNTING

#ifndef DUK_USE_DOUBLE_LINKED_HEAP
#error internal error, reference counting requires a double linked heap
#endif

/*
 *  Misc
 */

DUK_LOCAL void duk__queue_refzero(duk_heap *heap, duk_heaphdr *hdr) {
	/* tail insert: don't disturb head in case refzero is running */

	if (heap->refzero_list != NULL) {
		duk_heaphdr *hdr_prev;

		hdr_prev = heap->refzero_list_tail;
		DUK_ASSERT(hdr_prev != NULL);
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_NEXT(heap, hdr_prev) == NULL);

		DUK_HEAPHDR_SET_NEXT(heap, hdr, NULL);
		DUK_HEAPHDR_SET_PREV(heap, hdr, hdr_prev);
		DUK_HEAPHDR_SET_NEXT(heap, hdr_prev, hdr);
		DUK_ASSERT_HEAPHDR_LINKS(heap, hdr);
		DUK_ASSERT_HEAPHDR_LINKS(heap, hdr_prev);
		heap->refzero_list_tail = hdr;
	} else {
		DUK_ASSERT(heap->refzero_list_tail == NULL);
		DUK_HEAPHDR_SET_NEXT(heap, hdr, NULL);
		DUK_HEAPHDR_SET_PREV(heap, hdr, NULL);
		DUK_ASSERT_HEAPHDR_LINKS(heap, hdr);
		heap->refzero_list = hdr;
		heap->refzero_list_tail = hdr;
	}
}

/*
 *  Heap object refcount finalization.
 *
 *  When an object is about to be freed, all other objects it refers to must
 *  be decref'd.  Refcount finalization does NOT free the object or its inner
 *  allocations (mark-and-sweep shares these helpers), it just manipulates
 *  the refcounts.
 *
 *  Note that any of the decref's may cause a refcount to drop to zero, BUT
 *  it will not be processed inline; instead, because refzero is already
 *  running, the objects will just be queued to refzero list and processed
 *  later.  This eliminates C recursion.
 */

DUK_LOCAL void duk__refcount_finalize_hobject(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *h) {
	duk_uint_fast32_t i;

	DUK_ASSERT(h);
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_TYPE((duk_heaphdr *) h) == DUK_HTYPE_OBJECT);

	/* XXX: better to get base and walk forwards? */

	for (i = 0; i < (duk_uint_fast32_t) DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ENEXT(h); i++) {
		duk_hstring *key = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_KEY(thr->heap, h, i);
		if (!key) {
			continue;
		}
		duk_heaphdr_decref(thr, (duk_heaphdr *) key);
		if (DUK_HOBJECT_E_SLOT_IS_ACCESSOR(thr->heap, h, i)) {
			duk_heaphdr_decref_allownull(thr, (duk_heaphdr *) DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_GETTER(thr->heap, h, i));
			duk_heaphdr_decref_allownull(thr, (duk_heaphdr *) DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_SETTER(thr->heap, h, i));
		} else {
			duk_tval_decref(thr, DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_TVAL_PTR(thr->heap, h, i));
		}
	}

	for (i = 0; i < (duk_uint_fast32_t) DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ASIZE(h); i++) {
		duk_tval_decref(thr, DUK_HOBJECT_A_GET_VALUE_PTR(thr->heap, h, i));
	}

	/* hash part is a 'weak reference' and does not contribute */

	duk_heaphdr_decref_allownull(thr, (duk_heaphdr *) DUK_HOBJECT_GET_PROTOTYPE(thr->heap, h));

	if (DUK_HOBJECT_IS_COMPILEDFUNCTION(h)) {
		duk_hcompiledfunction *f = (duk_hcompiledfunction *) h;
		duk_tval *tv, *tv_end;
		duk_hobject **funcs, **funcs_end;

		if (DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_DATA(thr->heap, f) != NULL) {
			tv = DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_CONSTS_BASE(thr->heap, f);
			tv_end = DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_CONSTS_END(thr->heap, f);
			while (tv < tv_end) {
				duk_tval_decref(thr, tv);
				tv++;
			}

			funcs = DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_FUNCS_BASE(thr->heap, f);
			funcs_end = DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_FUNCS_END(thr->heap, f);
			while (funcs < funcs_end) {
				duk_heaphdr_decref(thr, (duk_heaphdr *) *funcs);
				funcs++;
			}
		} else {
			/* May happen in some out-of-memory corner cases. */
			DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("duk_hcompiledfunction 'data' is NULL, skipping decref"));
		}

		duk_heaphdr_decref(thr, (duk_heaphdr *) DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_DATA(thr->heap, f));
	} else if (DUK_HOBJECT_IS_NATIVEFUNCTION(h)) {
		duk_hnativefunction *f = (duk_hnativefunction *) h;
		DUK_UNREF(f);
		/* nothing to finalize */
	} else if (DUK_HOBJECT_IS_BUFFEROBJECT(h)) {
		duk_hbufferobject *b = (duk_hbufferobject *) h;
		if (b->buf) {
			duk_heaphdr_decref(thr, (duk_heaphdr *) b->buf);
		}
	} else if (DUK_HOBJECT_IS_THREAD(h)) {
		duk_hthread *t = (duk_hthread *) h;
		duk_tval *tv;

		tv = t->valstack;
		while (tv < t->valstack_top) {
			duk_tval_decref(thr, tv);
			tv++;
		}

		for (i = 0; i < (duk_uint_fast32_t) t->callstack_top; i++) {
			duk_activation *act = t->callstack + i;
			duk_heaphdr_decref_allownull(thr, (duk_heaphdr *) DUK_ACT_GET_FUNC(act));
			duk_heaphdr_decref_allownull(thr, (duk_heaphdr *) act->var_env);
			duk_heaphdr_decref_allownull(thr, (duk_heaphdr *) act->lex_env);
#ifdef DUK_USE_NONSTD_FUNC_CALLER_PROPERTY
			duk_heaphdr_decref_allownull(thr, (duk_heaphdr *) act->prev_caller);
#endif
		}

#if 0  /* nothing now */
		for (i = 0; i < (duk_uint_fast32_t) t->catchstack_top; i++) {
			duk_catcher *cat = t->catchstack + i;
		}
#endif

		for (i = 0; i < DUK_NUM_BUILTINS; i++) {
			duk_heaphdr_decref_allownull(thr, (duk_heaphdr *) t->builtins[i]);
		}

		duk_heaphdr_decref_allownull(thr, (duk_heaphdr *) t->resumer);
	}
}

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_heaphdr_refcount_finalize(duk_hthread *thr, duk_heaphdr *hdr) {
	DUK_ASSERT(hdr);

	switch ((int) DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_TYPE(hdr)) {
	case DUK_HTYPE_OBJECT:
		duk__refcount_finalize_hobject(thr, (duk_hobject *) hdr);
		break;
	case DUK_HTYPE_BUFFER:
		/* nothing to finalize */
		break;
	case DUK_HTYPE_STRING:
		/* cannot happen: strings are not put into refzero list (they don't even have the next/prev pointers) */
	default:
		DUK_UNREACHABLE();
	}
}

#if defined(DUK_USE_REFZERO_FINALIZER_TORTURE)
DUK_LOCAL duk_ret_t duk__refcount_fake_finalizer(duk_context *ctx) {
	DUK_UNREF(ctx);
	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("fake refcount torture finalizer executed"));
#if 0
	DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("fake torture finalizer for: %!T", duk_get_tval(ctx, 0)));
#endif
	/* Require a lot of stack to force a value stack grow/shrink. */
	duk_require_stack(ctx, 100000);

	/* XXX: do something to force a callstack grow/shrink, perhaps
	 * just a manual forced resize?
	 */
	return 0;
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__refcount_run_torture_finalizer(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj) {
	duk_context *ctx;
	duk_int_t rc;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(obj != NULL);
	ctx = (duk_context *) thr;

	/* Avoid fake finalization for the duk__refcount_fake_finalizer function
	 * itself, otherwise we're in infinite recursion.
	 */
	if (DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_NATIVEFUNCTION(obj)) {
		if (((duk_hnativefunction *) obj)->func == duk__refcount_fake_finalizer) {
			DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("avoid fake torture finalizer for duk__refcount_fake_finalizer itself"));
			return;
		}
	}
	/* Avoid fake finalization when callstack limit has been reached.
	 * Otherwise a callstack limit error will be created, then refzero'ed,
	 * and we're in an infinite loop.
	 */
	if (thr->heap->call_recursion_depth >= thr->heap->call_recursion_limit ||
	    thr->callstack_size + 2 * DUK_CALLSTACK_GROW_STEP >= thr->callstack_max /*approximate*/) {
		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("call recursion depth reached, avoid fake torture finalizer"));
		return;
	}

	/* Run fake finalizer.  Avoid creating new refzero queue entries
	 * so that we are not forced into a forever loop.
	 */
	duk_push_c_function(ctx, duk__refcount_fake_finalizer, 1 /*nargs*/);
	duk_push_hobject(ctx, obj);
	rc = duk_pcall(ctx, 1);
	DUK_UNREF(rc);  /* ignored */
	duk_pop(ctx);
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_REFZERO_FINALIZER_TORTURE */

/*
 *  Refcount memory freeing loop.
 *
 *  Frees objects in the refzero_pending list until the list becomes
 *  empty.  When an object is freed, its references get decref'd and
 *  may cause further objects to be queued for freeing.
 *
 *  This could be expanded to allow incremental freeing: just bail out
 *  early and resume at a future alloc/decref/refzero.
 */

DUK_LOCAL void duk__refzero_free_pending(duk_hthread *thr) {
	duk_heaphdr *h1, *h2;
	duk_heap *heap;
	duk_int_t count = 0;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->heap != NULL);
	heap = thr->heap;
	DUK_ASSERT(heap != NULL);

	/*
	 *  Detect recursive invocation
	 */

	if (DUK_HEAP_HAS_REFZERO_FREE_RUNNING(heap)) {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("refzero free running, skip run"));
		return;
	}

	/*
	 *  Churn refzero_list until empty
	 */

	DUK_HEAP_SET_REFZERO_FREE_RUNNING(heap);
	while (heap->refzero_list) {
		duk_hobject *obj;
		duk_bool_t rescued = 0;

		/*
		 *  Pick an object from the head (don't remove yet).
		 */

		h1 = heap->refzero_list;
		obj = (duk_hobject *) h1;
		DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("refzero processing %p: %!O", (void *) h1, (duk_heaphdr *) h1));
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_PREV(heap, h1) == NULL);
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_TYPE(h1) == DUK_HTYPE_OBJECT);  /* currently, always the case */

#if defined(DUK_USE_REFZERO_FINALIZER_TORTURE)
		/* Torture option to shake out finalizer side effect issues:
		 * make a bogus function call for every finalizable object,
		 * essentially simulating the case where everything has a
		 * finalizer.
		 */
		DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("refzero torture enabled, fake finalizer"));
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_REFCOUNT(h1) == 0);
		DUK_HEAPHDR_PREINC_REFCOUNT(h1);  /* bump refcount to prevent refzero during finalizer processing */
		duk__refcount_run_torture_finalizer(thr, obj);  /* must never longjmp */
		DUK_HEAPHDR_PREDEC_REFCOUNT(h1);  /* remove artificial bump */
		DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(h1->h_refcount >= 0);  /* refcount is unsigned, so always true */
#endif

		/*
		 *  Finalizer check.
		 *
		 *  Note: running a finalizer may have arbitrary side effects, e.g.
		 *  queue more objects on refzero_list (tail), or even trigger a
		 *  mark-and-sweep.
		 *
		 *  Note: quick reject check should match vast majority of
		 *  objects and must be safe (not throw any errors, ever).
		 */

		/* An object may have FINALIZED here if it was finalized by mark-and-sweep
		 * on a previous run and refcount then decreased to zero.  We won't run the
		 * finalizer again here.
		 */

		/* A finalizer is looked up from the object and up its prototype chain
		 * (which allows inherited finalizers).
		 */
		if (duk_hobject_hasprop_raw(thr, obj, DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_INT_FINALIZER(thr))) {
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("object has a finalizer, run it"));

			DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_REFCOUNT(h1) == 0);
			DUK_HEAPHDR_PREINC_REFCOUNT(h1);  /* bump refcount to prevent refzero during finalizer processing */

			duk_hobject_run_finalizer(thr, obj);  /* must never longjmp */
			DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_FINALIZED(h1));  /* duk_hobject_run_finalizer() sets */

			DUK_HEAPHDR_PREDEC_REFCOUNT(h1);  /* remove artificial bump */
			DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(h1->h_refcount >= 0);  /* refcount is unsigned, so always true */

			if (DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_REFCOUNT(h1) != 0) {
				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("-> object refcount after finalization non-zero, object will be rescued"));
				rescued = 1;
			} else {
				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("-> object refcount still zero after finalization, object will be freed"));
			}
		}

		/* Refzero head is still the same.  This is the case even if finalizer
		 * inserted more refzero objects; they are inserted to the tail.
		 */
		DUK_ASSERT(h1 == heap->refzero_list);

		/*
		 *  Remove the object from the refzero list.  This cannot be done
		 *  before a possible finalizer has been executed; the finalizer
		 *  may trigger a mark-and-sweep, and mark-and-sweep must be able
		 *  to traverse a complete refzero_list.
		 */

		h2 = DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_NEXT(heap, h1);
		if (h2) {
			DUK_HEAPHDR_SET_PREV(heap, h2, NULL);  /* not strictly necessary */
			heap->refzero_list = h2;
		} else {
			heap->refzero_list = NULL;
			heap->refzero_list_tail = NULL;
		}

		/*
		 *  Rescue or free.
		 */

		if (rescued) {
			/* yes -> move back to heap allocated */
			DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("object rescued during refcount finalization: %p", (void *) h1));
			DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_FINALIZABLE(h1));
			DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_FINALIZED(h1));
			DUK_HEAPHDR_CLEAR_FINALIZED(h1);
			h2 = heap->heap_allocated;
			DUK_HEAPHDR_SET_PREV(heap, h1, NULL);
			if (h2) {
				DUK_HEAPHDR_SET_PREV(heap, h2, h1);
			}
			DUK_HEAPHDR_SET_NEXT(heap, h1, h2);
			DUK_ASSERT_HEAPHDR_LINKS(heap, h1);
			DUK_ASSERT_HEAPHDR_LINKS(heap, h2);
			heap->heap_allocated = h1;
		} else {
			/* no -> decref members, then free */
			duk__refcount_finalize_hobject(thr, obj);
			duk_heap_free_heaphdr_raw(heap, h1);
		}

		count++;
	}
	DUK_HEAP_CLEAR_REFZERO_FREE_RUNNING(heap);

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("refzero processed %ld objects", (long) count));

	/*
	 *  Once the whole refzero cascade has been freed, check for
	 *  a voluntary mark-and-sweep.
	 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_MARK_AND_SWEEP) && defined(DUK_USE_VOLUNTARY_GC)
	/* 'count' is more or less comparable to normal trigger counter update
	 * which happens in memory block (re)allocation.
	 */
	heap->mark_and_sweep_trigger_counter -= count;
	if (heap->mark_and_sweep_trigger_counter <= 0) {
		duk_bool_t rc;
		duk_small_uint_t flags = 0;  /* not emergency */
		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("refcount triggering mark-and-sweep"));
		rc = duk_heap_mark_and_sweep(heap, flags);
		DUK_UNREF(rc);
		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("refcount triggered mark-and-sweep => rc %ld", (long) rc));
	}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_MARK_AND_SWEEP && DUK_USE_VOLUNTARY_GC */
}

/*
 *  Incref and decref functions.
 *
 *  Decref may trigger immediate refzero handling, which may free and finalize
 *  an arbitrary number of objects.
 *
 */

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_heaphdr_refzero(duk_hthread *thr, duk_heaphdr *h) {
	duk_heap *heap;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);

	heap = thr->heap;
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("refzero %p: %!O", (void *) h, (duk_heaphdr *) h));

	/*
	 *  Refzero handling is skipped entirely if (1) mark-and-sweep is
	 *  running or (2) execution is paused in the debugger.  The objects
	 *  are left in the heap, and will be freed by mark-and-sweep or
	 *  eventual heap destruction.
	 *
	 *  This is necessary during mark-and-sweep because refcounts are also
	 *  updated during the sweep phase (otherwise objects referenced by a
	 *  swept object would have incorrect refcounts) which then calls here.
	 *  This could be avoided by using separate decref macros in
	 *  mark-and-sweep; however, mark-and-sweep also calls finalizers which
	 *  would use the ordinary decref macros anyway and still call this
	 *  function.
	 *
	 *  This check must be enabled also when mark-and-sweep support has been
	 *  disabled: the flag is also used in heap destruction when running
	 *  finalizers for remaining objects, and the flag prevents objects from
	 *  being moved around in heap linked lists.
	 */

	/* XXX: ideally this would be just one flag (maybe a derived one) so
	 * that a single bit test is sufficient to check the condition.
	 */
#if defined(DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_SUPPORT)
	if (DUK_UNLIKELY(DUK_HEAP_HAS_MARKANDSWEEP_RUNNING(heap) || DUK_HEAP_IS_PAUSED(heap))) {
#else
	if (DUK_UNLIKELY(DUK_HEAP_HAS_MARKANDSWEEP_RUNNING(heap))) {
#endif
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("refzero handling suppressed when mark-and-sweep running, object: %p", (void *) h));
		return;
	}

	switch ((duk_small_int_t) DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_TYPE(h)) {
	case DUK_HTYPE_STRING:
		/*
		 *  Strings have no internal references but do have "weak"
		 *  references in the string cache.  Also note that strings
		 *  are not on the heap_allocated list like other heap
		 *  elements.
		 */

		duk_heap_strcache_string_remove(heap, (duk_hstring *) h);
		duk_heap_string_remove(heap, (duk_hstring *) h);
		duk_heap_free_heaphdr_raw(heap, h);
		break;

	case DUK_HTYPE_OBJECT:
		/*
		 *  Objects have internal references.  Must finalize through
		 *  the "refzero" work list.
		 */

		duk_heap_remove_any_from_heap_allocated(heap, h);
		duk__queue_refzero(heap, h);
		duk__refzero_free_pending(thr);
		break;

	case DUK_HTYPE_BUFFER:
		/*
		 *  Buffers have no internal references.  However, a dynamic
		 *  buffer has a separate allocation for the buffer.  This is
		 *  freed by duk_heap_free_heaphdr_raw().
		 */

		duk_heap_remove_any_from_heap_allocated(heap, h);
		duk_heap_free_heaphdr_raw(heap, h);
		break;

	default:
		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("invalid heap type in decref: %ld", (long) DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_TYPE(h)));
		DUK_UNREACHABLE();
	}
}

#if !defined(DUK_USE_FAST_REFCOUNT_DEFAULT)
DUK_INTERNAL void duk_tval_incref(duk_tval *tv) {
	DUK_ASSERT(tv != NULL);

	if (DUK_TVAL_NEEDS_REFCOUNT_UPDATE(tv)) {
		duk_heaphdr *h = DUK_TVAL_GET_HEAPHDR(tv);
		DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HEAPHDR_HTYPE_VALID(h));
		DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(h->h_refcount >= 0);
		DUK_HEAPHDR_PREINC_REFCOUNT(h);
	}
}
#endif

#if 0  /* unused */
DUK_INTERNAL void duk_tval_incref_allownull(duk_tval *tv) {
	if (tv == NULL) {
		return;
	}
	if (DUK_TVAL_NEEDS_REFCOUNT_UPDATE(tv)) {
		duk_heaphdr *h = DUK_TVAL_GET_HEAPHDR(tv);
		DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HEAPHDR_HTYPE_VALID(h));
		DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(h->h_refcount >= 0);
		DUK_HEAPHDR_PREINC_REFCOUNT(h);
	}
}
#endif

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_tval_decref(duk_hthread *thr, duk_tval *tv) {
	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(tv != NULL);

	if (DUK_TVAL_NEEDS_REFCOUNT_UPDATE(tv)) {
		duk_heaphdr *h = DUK_TVAL_GET_HEAPHDR(tv);
		DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HEAPHDR_HTYPE_VALID(h));
		duk_heaphdr_decref(thr, h);
	}
}

#if 0  /* unused */
DUK_INTERNAL void duk_tval_decref_allownull(duk_hthread *thr, duk_tval *tv) {
	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);

	if (tv == NULL) {
		return;
	}
	if (DUK_TVAL_NEEDS_REFCOUNT_UPDATE(tv)) {
		duk_heaphdr *h = DUK_TVAL_GET_HEAPHDR(tv);
		DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HEAPHDR_HTYPE_VALID(h));
		duk_heaphdr_decref(thr, h);
	}
}
#endif

#if !defined(DUK_USE_FAST_REFCOUNT_DEFAULT)
DUK_INTERNAL void duk_heaphdr_incref(duk_heaphdr *h) {
	DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HEAPHDR_HTYPE_VALID(h));
	DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_REFCOUNT(h) >= 0);

	DUK_HEAPHDR_PREINC_REFCOUNT(h);
}
#endif

#if 0  /* unused */
DUK_INTERNAL void duk_heaphdr_incref_allownull(duk_heaphdr *h) {
	if (h == NULL) {
		return;
	}
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HEAPHDR_HTYPE_VALID(h));
	DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_REFCOUNT(h) >= 0);

	DUK_HEAPHDR_PREINC_REFCOUNT(h);
}
#endif

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_heaphdr_decref(duk_hthread *thr, duk_heaphdr *h) {
	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->heap != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HEAPHDR_HTYPE_VALID(h));
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_REFCOUNT(h) >= 1);

#if defined(DUK_USE_ROM_OBJECTS)
	if (DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_READONLY(h)) {
		return;
	}
#endif
	if (DUK_HEAPHDR_PREDEC_REFCOUNT(h) != 0) {
		return;
	}
	duk_heaphdr_refzero(thr, h);
}

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_heaphdr_decref_allownull(duk_hthread *thr, duk_heaphdr *h) {
	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->heap != NULL);

	if (h == NULL) {
		return;
	}
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HEAPHDR_HTYPE_VALID(h));

#if defined(DUK_USE_ROM_OBJECTS)
	if (DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_READONLY(h)) {
		return;
	}
#endif
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_REFCOUNT(h) >= 1);
	if (DUK_HEAPHDR_PREDEC_REFCOUNT(h) != 0) {
		return;
	}
	duk_heaphdr_refzero(thr, h);
}

#else

/* no refcounting */

#endif  /* DUK_USE_REFERENCE_COUNTING */
/*
 *  String cache.
 *
 *  Provides a cache to optimize indexed string lookups.  The cache keeps
 *  track of (byte offset, char offset) states for a fixed number of strings.
 *  Otherwise we'd need to scan from either end of the string, as we store
 *  strings in (extended) UTF-8.
 */

/* include removed: duk_internal.h */

/*
 *  Delete references to given hstring from the heap string cache.
 *
 *  String cache references are 'weak': they are not counted towards
 *  reference counts, nor serve as roots for mark-and-sweep.  When an
 *  object is about to be freed, such references need to be removed.
 */

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_heap_strcache_string_remove(duk_heap *heap, duk_hstring *h) {
	duk_small_int_t i;
	for (i = 0; i < DUK_HEAP_STRCACHE_SIZE; i++) {
		duk_strcache *c = heap->strcache + i;
		if (c->h == h) {
			DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("deleting weak strcache reference to hstring %p from heap %p",
			                   (void *) h, (void *) heap));
			c->h = NULL;

			/* XXX: the string shouldn't appear twice, but we now loop to the
			 * end anyway; if fixed, add a looping assertion to ensure there
			 * is no duplicate.
			 */
		}
	}
}

/*
 *  String scanning helpers
 *
 *  All bytes other than UTF-8 continuation bytes ([0x80,0xbf]) are
 *  considered to contribute a character.  This must match how string
 *  character length is computed.
 */

DUK_LOCAL const duk_uint8_t *duk__scan_forwards(const duk_uint8_t *p, const duk_uint8_t *q, duk_uint_fast32_t n) {
	while (n > 0) {
		for (;;) {
			p++;
			if (p >= q) {
				return NULL;
			}
			if ((*p & 0xc0) != 0x80) {
				break;
			}
		}
		n--;
	}
	return p;
}

DUK_LOCAL const duk_uint8_t *duk__scan_backwards(const duk_uint8_t *p, const duk_uint8_t *q, duk_uint_fast32_t n) {
	while (n > 0) {
		for (;;) {
			p--;
			if (p < q) {
				return NULL;
			}
			if ((*p & 0xc0) != 0x80) {
				break;
			}
		}
		n--;
	}
	return p;
}

/*
 *  Convert char offset to byte offset
 *
 *  Avoid using the string cache if possible: for ASCII strings byte and
 *  char offsets are equal and for short strings direct scanning may be
 *  better than using the string cache (which may evict a more important
 *  entry).
 *
 *  Typing now assumes 32-bit string byte/char offsets (duk_uint_fast32_t).
 *  Better typing might be to use duk_size_t.
 */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_uint_fast32_t duk_heap_strcache_offset_char2byte(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hstring *h, duk_uint_fast32_t char_offset) {
	duk_heap *heap;
	duk_strcache *sce;
	duk_uint_fast32_t byte_offset;
	duk_small_int_t i;
	duk_bool_t use_cache;
	duk_uint_fast32_t dist_start, dist_end, dist_sce;
	const duk_uint8_t *p_start;
	const duk_uint8_t *p_end;
	const duk_uint8_t *p_found;

	if (char_offset > DUK_HSTRING_GET_CHARLEN(h)) {
		goto error;
	}

	/*
	 *  For ASCII strings, the answer is simple.
	 */

	if (DUK_HSTRING_IS_ASCII(h)) {
		/* clen == blen -> pure ascii */
		return char_offset;
	}

	/*
	 *  For non-ASCII strings, we need to scan forwards or backwards
	 *  from some starting point.  The starting point may be the start
	 *  or end of the string, or some cached midpoint in the string
	 *  cache.
	 *
	 *  For "short" strings we simply scan without checking or updating
	 *  the cache.  For longer strings we check and update the cache as
	 *  necessary, inserting a new cache entry if none exists.
	 */

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("non-ascii string %p, char_offset=%ld, clen=%ld, blen=%ld",
	                     (void *) h, (long) char_offset,
	                     (long) DUK_HSTRING_GET_CHARLEN(h),
	                     (long) DUK_HSTRING_GET_BYTELEN(h)));

	heap = thr->heap;
	sce = NULL;
	use_cache = (DUK_HSTRING_GET_CHARLEN(h) > DUK_HEAP_STRINGCACHE_NOCACHE_LIMIT);

	if (use_cache) {
#ifdef DUK_USE_DDDPRINT
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("stringcache before char2byte (using cache):"));
		for (i = 0; i < DUK_HEAP_STRCACHE_SIZE; i++) {
			duk_strcache *c = heap->strcache + i;
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("  [%ld] -> h=%p, cidx=%ld, bidx=%ld",
			                     (long) i, (void *) c->h, (long) c->cidx, (long) c->bidx));
		}
#endif

		for (i = 0; i < DUK_HEAP_STRCACHE_SIZE; i++) {
			duk_strcache *c = heap->strcache + i;

			if (c->h == h) {
				sce = c;
				break;
			}
		}
	}

	/*
	 *  Scan from shortest distance:
	 *    - start of string
	 *    - end of string
	 *    - cache entry (if exists)
	 */

	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HSTRING_GET_CHARLEN(h) >= char_offset);
	dist_start = char_offset;
	dist_end = DUK_HSTRING_GET_CHARLEN(h) - char_offset;
	dist_sce = 0; DUK_UNREF(dist_sce);  /* initialize for debug prints, needed if sce==NULL */

	p_start = (const duk_uint8_t *) DUK_HSTRING_GET_DATA(h);
	p_end = (const duk_uint8_t *) (p_start + DUK_HSTRING_GET_BYTELEN(h));
	p_found = NULL;

	if (sce) {
		if (char_offset >= sce->cidx) {
			dist_sce = char_offset - sce->cidx;
			if ((dist_sce <= dist_start) && (dist_sce <= dist_end)) {
				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("non-ascii string, use_cache=%ld, sce=%p:%ld:%ld, "
				                     "dist_start=%ld, dist_end=%ld, dist_sce=%ld => "
				                     "scan forwards from sce",
				                     (long) use_cache, (void *) (sce ? sce->h : NULL),
				                     (sce ? (long) sce->cidx : (long) -1),
				                     (sce ? (long) sce->bidx : (long) -1),
				                     (long) dist_start, (long) dist_end, (long) dist_sce));

				p_found = duk__scan_forwards(p_start + sce->bidx,
				                             p_end,
				                             dist_sce);
				goto scan_done;
			}
		} else {
			dist_sce = sce->cidx - char_offset;
			if ((dist_sce <= dist_start) && (dist_sce <= dist_end)) {
				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("non-ascii string, use_cache=%ld, sce=%p:%ld:%ld, "
				                     "dist_start=%ld, dist_end=%ld, dist_sce=%ld => "
				                     "scan backwards from sce",
				                     (long) use_cache, (void *) (sce ? sce->h : NULL),
				                     (sce ? (long) sce->cidx : (long) -1),
				                     (sce ? (long) sce->bidx : (long) -1),
				                     (long) dist_start, (long) dist_end, (long) dist_sce));

				p_found = duk__scan_backwards(p_start + sce->bidx,
				                              p_start,
				                              dist_sce);
				goto scan_done;
			}
		}
	}

	/* no sce, or sce scan not best */

	if (dist_start <= dist_end) {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("non-ascii string, use_cache=%ld, sce=%p:%ld:%ld, "
		                     "dist_start=%ld, dist_end=%ld, dist_sce=%ld => "
		                     "scan forwards from string start",
		                     (long) use_cache, (void *) (sce ? sce->h : NULL),
		                     (sce ? (long) sce->cidx : (long) -1),
		                     (sce ? (long) sce->bidx : (long) -1),
		                     (long) dist_start, (long) dist_end, (long) dist_sce));

		p_found = duk__scan_forwards(p_start,
		                             p_end,
		                             dist_start);
	} else {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("non-ascii string, use_cache=%ld, sce=%p:%ld:%ld, "
		                     "dist_start=%ld, dist_end=%ld, dist_sce=%ld => "
		                     "scan backwards from string end",
		                     (long) use_cache, (void *) (sce ? sce->h : NULL),
		                     (sce ? (long) sce->cidx : (long) -1),
		                     (sce ? (long) sce->bidx : (long) -1),
		                     (long) dist_start, (long) dist_end, (long) dist_sce));

		p_found = duk__scan_backwards(p_end,
		                              p_start,
		                              dist_end);
	}

 scan_done:

	if (!p_found) {
		/* Scan error: this shouldn't normally happen; it could happen if
		 * string is not valid UTF-8 data, and clen/blen are not consistent
		 * with the scanning algorithm.
		 */
		goto error;
	}

	DUK_ASSERT(p_found >= p_start);
	DUK_ASSERT(p_found <= p_end);  /* may be equal */
	byte_offset = (duk_uint32_t) (p_found - p_start);

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("-> string %p, cidx %ld -> bidx %ld",
	                     (void *) h, (long) char_offset, (long) byte_offset));

	/*
	 *  Update cache entry (allocating if necessary), and move the
	 *  cache entry to the first place (in an "LRU" policy).
	 */

	if (use_cache) {
		/* update entry, allocating if necessary */
		if (!sce) {
			sce = heap->strcache + DUK_HEAP_STRCACHE_SIZE - 1;  /* take last entry */
			sce->h = h;
		}
		DUK_ASSERT(sce != NULL);
		sce->bidx = (duk_uint32_t) (p_found - p_start);
		sce->cidx = (duk_uint32_t) char_offset;

		/* LRU: move our entry to first */
		if (sce > &heap->strcache[0]) {
			/*
			 *   A                  C
			 *   B                  A
			 *   C <- sce    ==>    B
			 *   D                  D
			 */
			duk_strcache tmp;

			tmp = *sce;
			DUK_MEMMOVE((void *) (&heap->strcache[1]),
			            (const void *) (&heap->strcache[0]),
			            (size_t) (((char *) sce) - ((char *) &heap->strcache[0])));
			heap->strcache[0] = tmp;

			/* 'sce' points to the wrong entry here, but is no longer used */
		}
#ifdef DUK_USE_DDDPRINT
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("stringcache after char2byte (using cache):"));
		for (i = 0; i < DUK_HEAP_STRCACHE_SIZE; i++) {
			duk_strcache *c = heap->strcache + i;
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("  [%ld] -> h=%p, cidx=%ld, bidx=%ld",
			                     (long) i, (void *) c->h, (long) c->cidx, (long) c->bidx));
		}
#endif
	}

	return byte_offset;

 error:
	DUK_ERROR_INTERNAL_DEFMSG(thr);
	return 0;
}
/*
 *  Heap stringtable handling, string interning.
 */

/* include removed: duk_internal.h */

#if defined(DUK_USE_STRTAB_PROBE)
#define DUK__HASH_INITIAL(hash,h_size)        DUK_STRTAB_HASH_INITIAL((hash),(h_size))
#define DUK__HASH_PROBE_STEP(hash)            DUK_STRTAB_HASH_PROBE_STEP((hash))
#define DUK__DELETED_MARKER(heap)             DUK_STRTAB_DELETED_MARKER((heap))
#endif

#if defined(DUK_USE_MARK_AND_SWEEP)
#define DUK__PREVENT_MS_SIDE_EFFECTS(heap) do { \
		(heap)->mark_and_sweep_base_flags |= \
		        DUK_MS_FLAG_NO_STRINGTABLE_RESIZE |  /* avoid recursive string table call */ \
		        DUK_MS_FLAG_NO_FINALIZERS |          /* avoid pressure to add/remove strings, invalidation of call data argument, etc. */ \
		        DUK_MS_FLAG_NO_OBJECT_COMPACTION;    /* avoid array abandoning which interns strings */ \
	} while (0)
#endif

/*
 *  Create a hstring and insert into the heap.  The created object
 *  is directly garbage collectable with reference count zero.
 *
 *  The caller must place the interned string into the stringtable
 *  immediately (without chance of a longjmp); otherwise the string
 *  is lost.
 */

DUK_LOCAL
duk_hstring *duk__alloc_init_hstring(duk_heap *heap,
                                     const duk_uint8_t *str,
                                     duk_uint32_t blen,
                                     duk_uint32_t strhash,
                                     const duk_uint8_t *extdata) {
	duk_hstring *res = NULL;
	duk_uint8_t *data;
	duk_size_t alloc_size;
	duk_uarridx_t dummy;
	duk_uint32_t clen;

#if defined(DUK_USE_STRLEN16)
	/* If blen <= 0xffffUL, clen is also guaranteed to be <= 0xffffUL. */
	if (blen > 0xffffUL) {
		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("16-bit string blen/clen active and blen over 16 bits, reject intern"));
		return NULL;
	}
#endif

	if (extdata) {
		alloc_size = (duk_size_t) sizeof(duk_hstring_external);
		res = (duk_hstring *) DUK_ALLOC(heap, alloc_size);
		if (!res) {
			goto alloc_error;
		}
		DUK_MEMZERO(res, sizeof(duk_hstring_external));
#if defined(DUK_USE_EXPLICIT_NULL_INIT)
		DUK_HEAPHDR_STRING_INIT_NULLS(&res->hdr);
#endif
		DUK_HEAPHDR_SET_TYPE_AND_FLAGS(&res->hdr, DUK_HTYPE_STRING, DUK_HSTRING_FLAG_EXTDATA);

		((duk_hstring_external *) res)->extdata = extdata;
	} else {
		/* NUL terminate for convenient C access */
		alloc_size = (duk_size_t) (sizeof(duk_hstring) + blen + 1);
		res = (duk_hstring *) DUK_ALLOC(heap, alloc_size);
		if (!res) {
			goto alloc_error;
		}
		DUK_MEMZERO(res, sizeof(duk_hstring));
#if defined(DUK_USE_EXPLICIT_NULL_INIT)
		DUK_HEAPHDR_STRING_INIT_NULLS(&res->hdr);
#endif
		DUK_HEAPHDR_SET_TYPE_AND_FLAGS(&res->hdr, DUK_HTYPE_STRING, 0);

		data = (duk_uint8_t *) (res + 1);
		DUK_MEMCPY(data, str, blen);
		data[blen] = (duk_uint8_t) 0;
	}

	DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HSTRING_HAS_ARRIDX(res));
	if (duk_js_to_arrayindex_raw_string(str, blen, &dummy)) {
		DUK_HSTRING_SET_ARRIDX(res);
	}

	/* All strings beginning with 0xff are treated as "internal",
	 * even strings interned by the user.  This allows user code to
	 * create internal properties too, and makes behavior consistent
	 * in case user code happens to use a string also used by Duktape
	 * (such as string has already been interned and has the 'internal'
	 * flag set).
	 */
	DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HSTRING_HAS_INTERNAL(res));
	if (blen > 0 && str[0] == (duk_uint8_t) 0xff) {
		DUK_HSTRING_SET_INTERNAL(res);
	}

	DUK_HSTRING_SET_HASH(res, strhash);
	DUK_HSTRING_SET_BYTELEN(res, blen);

	clen = (duk_uint32_t) duk_unicode_unvalidated_utf8_length(str, (duk_size_t) blen);
	DUK_ASSERT(clen <= blen);
#if defined(DUK_USE_HSTRING_CLEN)
	DUK_HSTRING_SET_CHARLEN(res, clen);
#endif

	/* Using an explicit 'ASCII' flag has larger footprint (one call site
	 * only) but is quite useful for the case when there's no explicit
	 * 'clen' in duk_hstring.
	 */
	DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HSTRING_HAS_ASCII(res));
	if (clen == blen) {
		DUK_HSTRING_SET_ASCII(res);
	}

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("interned string, hash=0x%08lx, blen=%ld, clen=%ld, has_arridx=%ld, has_extdata=%ld",
	                     (unsigned long) DUK_HSTRING_GET_HASH(res),
	                     (long) DUK_HSTRING_GET_BYTELEN(res),
	                     (long) DUK_HSTRING_GET_CHARLEN(res),
	                     (long) (DUK_HSTRING_HAS_ARRIDX(res) ? 1 : 0),
	                     (long) (DUK_HSTRING_HAS_EXTDATA(res) ? 1 : 0)));

	return res;

 alloc_error:
	DUK_FREE(heap, res);
	return NULL;
}

/*
 *  String table algorithm: fixed size string table with array chaining
 *
 *  The top level string table has a fixed size, with each slot holding
 *  either NULL, string pointer, or pointer to a separately allocated
 *  string pointer list.
 *
 *  This is good for low memory environments using a pool allocator: the
 *  top level allocation has a fixed size and the pointer lists have quite
 *  small allocation size, which further matches the typical pool sizes
 *  needed by objects, strings, property tables, etc.
 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_STRTAB_CHAIN)

#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
DUK_LOCAL duk_bool_t duk__insert_hstring_chain(duk_heap *heap, duk_hstring *h) {
	duk_small_uint_t slotidx;
	duk_strtab_entry *e;
	duk_uint16_t *lst;
	duk_uint16_t *new_lst;
	duk_size_t i, n;
	duk_uint16_t null16 = heap->heapptr_null16;
	duk_uint16_t h16 = DUK_USE_HEAPPTR_ENC16(heap->heap_udata, (void *) h);

	DUK_ASSERT(heap != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);

	slotidx = DUK_HSTRING_GET_HASH(h) % DUK_STRTAB_CHAIN_SIZE;
	DUK_ASSERT(slotidx < DUK_STRTAB_CHAIN_SIZE);

	e = heap->strtable + slotidx;
	if (e->listlen == 0) {
		if (e->u.str16 == null16) {
			e->u.str16 = h16;
		} else {
			/* Now two entries in the same slot, alloc list */
			lst = (duk_uint16_t *) DUK_ALLOC(heap, sizeof(duk_uint16_t) * 2);
			if (lst == NULL) {
				return 1;  /* fail */
			}
			lst[0] = e->u.str16;
			lst[1] = h16;
			e->u.strlist16 = DUK_USE_HEAPPTR_ENC16(heap->heap_udata, (void *) lst);
			e->listlen = 2;
		}
	} else {
		DUK_ASSERT(e->u.strlist16 != null16);
		lst = (duk_uint16_t *) DUK_USE_HEAPPTR_DEC16(heap->heap_udata, e->u.strlist16);
		DUK_ASSERT(lst != NULL);
		for (i = 0, n = e->listlen; i < n; i++) {
			if (lst[i] == null16) {
				lst[i] = h16;
				return 0;
			}
		}

		if (e->listlen + 1 == 0) {
			/* Overflow, relevant mainly when listlen is 16 bits. */
			return 1;  /* fail */
		}

		new_lst = (duk_uint16_t *) DUK_REALLOC(heap, lst, sizeof(duk_uint16_t) * (e->listlen + 1));
		if (new_lst == NULL) {
			return 1;  /* fail */
		}
		new_lst[e->listlen++] = h16;
		e->u.strlist16 = DUK_USE_HEAPPTR_ENC16(heap->heap_udata, (void *) new_lst);
	}
	return 0;
}
#else  /* DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16 */
DUK_LOCAL duk_bool_t duk__insert_hstring_chain(duk_heap *heap, duk_hstring *h) {
	duk_small_uint_t slotidx;
	duk_strtab_entry *e;
	duk_hstring **lst;
	duk_hstring **new_lst;
	duk_size_t i, n;

	DUK_ASSERT(heap != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);

	slotidx = DUK_HSTRING_GET_HASH(h) % DUK_STRTAB_CHAIN_SIZE;
	DUK_ASSERT(slotidx < DUK_STRTAB_CHAIN_SIZE);

	e = heap->strtable + slotidx;
	if (e->listlen == 0) {
		if (e->u.str == NULL) {
			e->u.str = h;
		} else {
			/* Now two entries in the same slot, alloc list */
			lst = (duk_hstring **) DUK_ALLOC(heap, sizeof(duk_hstring *) * 2);
			if (lst == NULL) {
				return 1;  /* fail */
			}
			lst[0] = e->u.str;
			lst[1] = h;
			e->u.strlist = lst;
			e->listlen = 2;
		}
	} else {
		DUK_ASSERT(e->u.strlist != NULL);
		lst = e->u.strlist;
		for (i = 0, n = e->listlen; i < n; i++) {
			if (lst[i] == NULL) {
				lst[i] = h;
				return 0;
			}
		}

		if (e->listlen + 1 == 0) {
			/* Overflow, relevant mainly when listlen is 16 bits. */
			return 1;  /* fail */
		}

		new_lst = (duk_hstring **) DUK_REALLOC(heap, e->u.strlist, sizeof(duk_hstring *) * (e->listlen + 1));
		if (new_lst == NULL) {
			return 1;  /* fail */
		}
		new_lst[e->listlen++] = h;
		e->u.strlist = new_lst;
	}
	return 0;
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
DUK_LOCAL duk_hstring *duk__find_matching_string_chain(duk_heap *heap, const duk_uint8_t *str, duk_uint32_t blen, duk_uint32_t strhash) {
	duk_small_uint_t slotidx;
	duk_strtab_entry *e;
	duk_uint16_t *lst;
	duk_size_t i, n;
	duk_uint16_t null16 = heap->heapptr_null16;

	DUK_ASSERT(heap != NULL);

	slotidx = strhash % DUK_STRTAB_CHAIN_SIZE;
	DUK_ASSERT(slotidx < DUK_STRTAB_CHAIN_SIZE);

	e = heap->strtable + slotidx;
	if (e->listlen == 0) {
		if (e->u.str16 != null16) {
			duk_hstring *h = (duk_hstring *) DUK_USE_HEAPPTR_DEC16(heap->heap_udata, e->u.str16);
			DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);
			if (DUK_HSTRING_GET_BYTELEN(h) == blen &&
			    DUK_MEMCMP((const void *) str, (const void *) DUK_HSTRING_GET_DATA(h), (size_t) blen) == 0) {
				return h;
			}
		}
	} else {
		DUK_ASSERT(e->u.strlist16 != null16);
		lst = (duk_uint16_t *) DUK_USE_HEAPPTR_DEC16(heap->heap_udata, e->u.strlist16);
		DUK_ASSERT(lst != NULL);
		for (i = 0, n = e->listlen; i < n; i++) {
			if (lst[i] != null16) {
				duk_hstring *h = (duk_hstring *) DUK_USE_HEAPPTR_DEC16(heap->heap_udata, lst[i]);
				DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);
				if (DUK_HSTRING_GET_BYTELEN(h) == blen &&
				    DUK_MEMCMP((const void *) str, (const void *) DUK_HSTRING_GET_DATA(h), (size_t) blen) == 0) {
					return h;
				}
			}
		}
	}

	return NULL;
}
#else  /* DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16 */
DUK_LOCAL duk_hstring *duk__find_matching_string_chain(duk_heap *heap, const duk_uint8_t *str, duk_uint32_t blen, duk_uint32_t strhash) {
	duk_small_uint_t slotidx;
	duk_strtab_entry *e;
	duk_hstring **lst;
	duk_size_t i, n;

	DUK_ASSERT(heap != NULL);

	slotidx = strhash % DUK_STRTAB_CHAIN_SIZE;
	DUK_ASSERT(slotidx < DUK_STRTAB_CHAIN_SIZE);

	e = heap->strtable + slotidx;
	if (e->listlen == 0) {
		if (e->u.str != NULL &&
	           DUK_HSTRING_GET_BYTELEN(e->u.str) == blen &&
	           DUK_MEMCMP((const void *) str, (const void *) DUK_HSTRING_GET_DATA(e->u.str), (size_t) blen) == 0) {
			return e->u.str;
		}
	} else {
		DUK_ASSERT(e->u.strlist != NULL);
		lst = e->u.strlist;
		for (i = 0, n = e->listlen; i < n; i++) {
			if (lst[i] != NULL &&
		           DUK_HSTRING_GET_BYTELEN(lst[i]) == blen &&
		           DUK_MEMCMP((const void *) str, (const void *) DUK_HSTRING_GET_DATA(lst[i]), (size_t) blen) == 0) {
				return lst[i];
			}
		}
	}

	return NULL;
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
DUK_LOCAL void duk__remove_matching_hstring_chain(duk_heap *heap, duk_hstring *h) {
	duk_small_uint_t slotidx;
	duk_strtab_entry *e;
	duk_uint16_t *lst;
	duk_size_t i, n;
	duk_uint16_t h16;
	duk_uint16_t null16 = heap->heapptr_null16;

	DUK_ASSERT(heap != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);

	slotidx = DUK_HSTRING_GET_HASH(h) % DUK_STRTAB_CHAIN_SIZE;
	DUK_ASSERT(slotidx < DUK_STRTAB_CHAIN_SIZE);

	DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);
	h16 = DUK_USE_HEAPPTR_ENC16(heap->heap_udata, (void *) h);

	e = heap->strtable + slotidx;
	if (e->listlen == 0) {
		if (e->u.str16 == h16) {
			e->u.str16 = null16;
			return;
		}
	} else {
		DUK_ASSERT(e->u.strlist16 != null16);
		lst = (duk_uint16_t *) DUK_USE_HEAPPTR_DEC16(heap->heap_udata, e->u.strlist16);
		DUK_ASSERT(lst != NULL);
		for (i = 0, n = e->listlen; i < n; i++) {
			if (lst[i] == h16) {
				lst[i] = null16;
				return;
			}
		}
	}

	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("failed to find string that should be in stringtable"));
	DUK_UNREACHABLE();
	return;
}
#else  /* DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16 */
DUK_LOCAL void duk__remove_matching_hstring_chain(duk_heap *heap, duk_hstring *h) {
	duk_small_uint_t slotidx;
	duk_strtab_entry *e;
	duk_hstring **lst;
	duk_size_t i, n;

	DUK_ASSERT(heap != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);

	slotidx = DUK_HSTRING_GET_HASH(h) % DUK_STRTAB_CHAIN_SIZE;
	DUK_ASSERT(slotidx < DUK_STRTAB_CHAIN_SIZE);

	e = heap->strtable + slotidx;
	if (e->listlen == 0) {
		DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);
		if (e->u.str == h) {
			e->u.str = NULL;
			return;
		}
	} else {
		DUK_ASSERT(e->u.strlist != NULL);
		lst = e->u.strlist;
		for (i = 0, n = e->listlen; i < n; i++) {
			DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);
			if (lst[i] == h) {
				lst[i] = NULL;
				return;
			}
		}
	}

	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("failed to find string that should be in stringtable"));
	DUK_UNREACHABLE();
	return;
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_DEBUG)
DUK_INTERNAL void duk_heap_dump_strtab(duk_heap *heap) {
	duk_strtab_entry *e;
	duk_small_uint_t i;
	duk_size_t j, n, used;
#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
	duk_uint16_t *lst;
	duk_uint16_t null16 = heap->heapptr_null16;
#else
	duk_hstring **lst;
#endif

	DUK_ASSERT(heap != NULL);

	for (i = 0; i < DUK_STRTAB_CHAIN_SIZE; i++) {
		e = heap->strtable + i;

		if (e->listlen == 0) {
#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
			DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("[%03d] -> plain %d", (int) i, (int) (e->u.str16 != null16 ? 1 : 0)));
#else
			DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("[%03d] -> plain %d", (int) i, (int) (e->u.str ? 1 : 0)));
#endif
		} else {
			used = 0;
#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
			lst = (duk_uint16_t *) DUK_USE_HEAPPTR_DEC16(heap->heap_udata, e->u.strlist16);
#else
			lst = e->u.strlist;
#endif
			DUK_ASSERT(lst != NULL);
			for (j = 0, n = e->listlen; j < n; j++) {
#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
				if (lst[j] != null16) {
#else
				if (lst[j] != NULL) {
#endif
					used++;
				}
			}
			DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("[%03d] -> array %d/%d", (int) i, (int) used, (int) e->listlen));
		}
	}
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_DEBUG */

#endif  /* DUK_USE_STRTAB_CHAIN */

/*
 *  String table algorithm: closed hashing with a probe sequence
 *
 *  This is the default algorithm and works fine for environments with
 *  minimal memory constraints.
 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_STRTAB_PROBE)

/* Count actually used (non-NULL, non-DELETED) entries. */
DUK_LOCAL duk_int_t duk__count_used_probe(duk_heap *heap) {
	duk_int_t res = 0;
	duk_uint_fast32_t i, n;
#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
	duk_uint16_t null16 = heap->heapptr_null16;
	duk_uint16_t deleted16 = heap->heapptr_deleted16;
#endif

	n = (duk_uint_fast32_t) heap->st_size;
	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
		if (heap->strtable16[i] != null16 && heap->strtable16[i] != deleted16) {
#else
		if (heap->strtable[i] != NULL && heap->strtable[i] != DUK__DELETED_MARKER(heap)) {
#endif
			res++;
		}
	}
	return res;
}

#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
DUK_LOCAL void duk__insert_hstring_probe(duk_heap *heap, duk_uint16_t *entries16, duk_uint32_t size, duk_uint32_t *p_used, duk_hstring *h) {
#else
DUK_LOCAL void duk__insert_hstring_probe(duk_heap *heap, duk_hstring **entries, duk_uint32_t size, duk_uint32_t *p_used, duk_hstring *h) {
#endif
	duk_uint32_t i;
	duk_uint32_t step;
#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
	duk_uint16_t null16 = heap->heapptr_null16;
	duk_uint16_t deleted16 = heap->heapptr_deleted16;
#endif

	DUK_ASSERT(size > 0);

	i = DUK__HASH_INITIAL(DUK_HSTRING_GET_HASH(h), size);
	step = DUK__HASH_PROBE_STEP(DUK_HSTRING_GET_HASH(h));
	for (;;) {
#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
		duk_uint16_t e16 = entries16[i];
#else
		duk_hstring *e = entries[i];
#endif

#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
		/* XXX: could check for e16 == 0 because NULL is guaranteed to
		 * encode to zero.
		 */
		if (e16 == null16) {
#else
		if (e == NULL) {
#endif
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("insert hit (null): %ld", (long) i));
#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
			entries16[i] = DUK_USE_HEAPPTR_ENC16(heap->heap_udata, (void *) h);
#else
			entries[i] = h;
#endif
			(*p_used)++;
			break;
#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
		} else if (e16 == deleted16) {
#else
		} else if (e == DUK__DELETED_MARKER(heap)) {
#endif
			/* st_used remains the same, DELETED is counted as used */
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("insert hit (deleted): %ld", (long) i));
#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
			entries16[i] = DUK_USE_HEAPPTR_ENC16(heap->heap_udata, (void *) h);
#else
			entries[i] = h;
#endif
			break;
		}
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("insert miss: %ld", (long) i));
		i = (i + step) % size;

		/* looping should never happen */
		DUK_ASSERT(i != DUK__HASH_INITIAL(DUK_HSTRING_GET_HASH(h), size));
	}
}

#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
DUK_LOCAL duk_hstring *duk__find_matching_string_probe(duk_heap *heap, duk_uint16_t *entries16, duk_uint32_t size, const duk_uint8_t *str, duk_uint32_t blen, duk_uint32_t strhash) {
#else
DUK_LOCAL duk_hstring *duk__find_matching_string_probe(duk_heap *heap, duk_hstring **entries, duk_uint32_t size, const duk_uint8_t *str, duk_uint32_t blen, duk_uint32_t strhash) {
#endif
	duk_uint32_t i;
	duk_uint32_t step;

	DUK_ASSERT(size > 0);

	i = DUK__HASH_INITIAL(strhash, size);
	step = DUK__HASH_PROBE_STEP(strhash);
	for (;;) {
		duk_hstring *e;
#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
		e = (duk_hstring *) DUK_USE_HEAPPTR_DEC16(heap->heap_udata, entries16[i]);
#else
		e = entries[i];
#endif

		if (!e) {
			return NULL;
		}
		if (e != DUK__DELETED_MARKER(heap) && DUK_HSTRING_GET_BYTELEN(e) == blen) {
			if (DUK_MEMCMP((const void *) str, (const void *) DUK_HSTRING_GET_DATA(e), (size_t) blen) == 0) {
				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("find matching hit: %ld (step %ld, size %ld)",
				                     (long) i, (long) step, (long) size));
				return e;
			}
		}
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("find matching miss: %ld (step %ld, size %ld)",
		                     (long) i, (long) step, (long) size));
		i = (i + step) % size;

		/* looping should never happen */
		DUK_ASSERT(i != DUK__HASH_INITIAL(strhash, size));
	}
	DUK_UNREACHABLE();
}

#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
DUK_LOCAL void duk__remove_matching_hstring_probe(duk_heap *heap, duk_uint16_t *entries16, duk_uint32_t size, duk_hstring *h) {
#else
DUK_LOCAL void duk__remove_matching_hstring_probe(duk_heap *heap, duk_hstring **entries, duk_uint32_t size, duk_hstring *h) {
#endif
	duk_uint32_t i;
	duk_uint32_t step;
	duk_uint32_t hash;
#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
	duk_uint16_t null16 = heap->heapptr_null16;
	duk_uint16_t h16 = DUK_USE_HEAPPTR_ENC16(heap->heap_udata, (void *) h);
#endif

	DUK_ASSERT(size > 0);

	hash = DUK_HSTRING_GET_HASH(h);
	i = DUK__HASH_INITIAL(hash, size);
	step = DUK__HASH_PROBE_STEP(hash);
	for (;;) {
#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
		duk_uint16_t e16 = entries16[i];
#else
		duk_hstring *e = entries[i];
#endif

#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
		if (e16 == null16) {
#else
		if (!e) {
#endif
			DUK_UNREACHABLE();
			break;
		}
#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
		if (e16 == h16) {
#else
		if (e == h) {
#endif
			/* st_used remains the same, DELETED is counted as used */
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("free matching hit: %ld", (long) i));
#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
			entries16[i] = heap->heapptr_deleted16;
#else
			entries[i] = DUK__DELETED_MARKER(heap);
#endif
			break;
		}

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("free matching miss: %ld", (long) i));
		i = (i + step) % size;

		/* looping should never happen */
		DUK_ASSERT(i != DUK__HASH_INITIAL(hash, size));
	}
}

DUK_LOCAL duk_bool_t duk__resize_strtab_raw_probe(duk_heap *heap, duk_uint32_t new_size) {
#if defined(DUK_USE_DEBUG)
	duk_uint32_t old_used = heap->st_used;
#endif
	duk_uint32_t old_size = heap->st_size;
#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
	duk_uint16_t *old_entries = heap->strtable16;
	duk_uint16_t *new_entries = NULL;
#else
	duk_hstring **old_entries = heap->strtable;
	duk_hstring **new_entries = NULL;
#endif
	duk_uint32_t new_used = 0;
	duk_uint32_t i;

#if defined(DUK_USE_DEBUG)
	DUK_UNREF(old_used);  /* unused with some debug level combinations */
#endif

#ifdef DUK_USE_DDDPRINT
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("attempt to resize stringtable: %ld entries, %ld bytes, %ld used, %ld%% load -> %ld entries, %ld bytes, %ld used, %ld%% load",
	                     (long) old_size, (long) (sizeof(duk_hstring *) * old_size), (long) old_used,
	                     (long) (((double) old_used) / ((double) old_size) * 100.0),
	                     (long) new_size, (long) (sizeof(duk_hstring *) * new_size), (long) duk__count_used_probe(heap),
	                     (long) (((double) duk__count_used_probe(heap)) / ((double) new_size) * 100.0)));
#endif

	DUK_ASSERT(new_size > (duk_uint32_t) duk__count_used_probe(heap));  /* required for rehash to succeed, equality not that useful */
	DUK_ASSERT(old_entries);

	/*
	 *  The attempt to allocate may cause a GC.  Such a GC must not attempt to resize
	 *  the stringtable (though it can be swept); finalizer execution and object
	 *  compaction must also be postponed to avoid the pressure to add strings to the
	 *  string table.  Call site must prevent these.
	 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_MARK_AND_SWEEP)
	DUK_ASSERT(heap->mark_and_sweep_base_flags & DUK_MS_FLAG_NO_STRINGTABLE_RESIZE);
	DUK_ASSERT(heap->mark_and_sweep_base_flags & DUK_MS_FLAG_NO_FINALIZERS);
	DUK_ASSERT(heap->mark_and_sweep_base_flags & DUK_MS_FLAG_NO_OBJECT_COMPACTION);
#endif

#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
	new_entries = (duk_uint16_t *) DUK_ALLOC(heap, sizeof(duk_uint16_t) * new_size);
#else
	new_entries = (duk_hstring **) DUK_ALLOC(heap, sizeof(duk_hstring *) * new_size);
#endif

	if (!new_entries) {
		goto resize_error;
	}

#if defined(DUK_USE_EXPLICIT_NULL_INIT)
	for (i = 0; i < new_size; i++) {
#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
		new_entries[i] = heap->heapptr_null16;
#else
		new_entries[i] = NULL;
#endif
	}
#else
#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
	/* Relies on NULL encoding to zero. */
	DUK_MEMZERO(new_entries, sizeof(duk_uint16_t) * new_size);
#else
	DUK_MEMZERO(new_entries, sizeof(duk_hstring *) * new_size);
#endif
#endif

	/* Because new_size > duk__count_used_probe(heap), guaranteed to work */
	for (i = 0; i < old_size; i++) {
		duk_hstring *e;

#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
		e = (duk_hstring *) DUK_USE_HEAPPTR_DEC16(heap->heap_udata, old_entries[i]);
#else
		e = old_entries[i];
#endif
		if (e == NULL || e == DUK__DELETED_MARKER(heap)) {
			continue;
		}
		/* checking for DUK__DELETED_MARKER is not necessary here, but helper does it now */
		duk__insert_hstring_probe(heap, new_entries, new_size, &new_used, e);
	}

#ifdef DUK_USE_DDPRINT
	DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("resized stringtable: %ld entries, %ld bytes, %ld used, %ld%% load -> %ld entries, %ld bytes, %ld used, %ld%% load",
	                   (long) old_size, (long) (sizeof(duk_hstring *) * old_size), (long) old_used,
	                   (long) (((double) old_used) / ((double) old_size) * 100.0),
	                   (long) new_size, (long) (sizeof(duk_hstring *) * new_size), (long) new_used,
	                   (long) (((double) new_used) / ((double) new_size) * 100.0)));
#endif

#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
	DUK_FREE(heap, heap->strtable16);
	heap->strtable16 = new_entries;
#else
	DUK_FREE(heap, heap->strtable);
	heap->strtable = new_entries;
#endif
	heap->st_size = new_size;
	heap->st_used = new_used;  /* may be less, since DELETED entries are NULLed by rehash */

	return 0;  /* OK */

 resize_error:
	DUK_FREE(heap, new_entries);
	return 1;  /* FAIL */
}

DUK_LOCAL duk_bool_t duk__resize_strtab_probe(duk_heap *heap) {
	duk_uint32_t new_size;
	duk_bool_t ret;

	new_size = (duk_uint32_t) duk__count_used_probe(heap);
	if (new_size >= 0x80000000UL) {
		new_size = DUK_STRTAB_HIGHEST_32BIT_PRIME;
	} else {
		new_size = duk_util_get_hash_prime(DUK_STRTAB_GROW_ST_SIZE(new_size));
		new_size = duk_util_get_hash_prime(new_size);
	}
	DUK_ASSERT(new_size > 0);

	/* rehash even if old and new sizes are the same to get rid of
	 * DELETED entries.
	*/

	ret = duk__resize_strtab_raw_probe(heap, new_size);

	return ret;
}

DUK_LOCAL duk_bool_t duk__recheck_strtab_size_probe(duk_heap *heap, duk_uint32_t new_used) {
	duk_uint32_t new_free;
	duk_uint32_t tmp1;
	duk_uint32_t tmp2;

	DUK_ASSERT(new_used <= heap->st_size);  /* grow by at most one */
	new_free = heap->st_size - new_used;    /* unsigned intentionally */

	/* new_free / size <= 1 / DIV  <=>  new_free <= size / DIV */
	/* new_used / size <= 1 / DIV  <=>  new_used <= size / DIV */

	tmp1 = heap->st_size / DUK_STRTAB_MIN_FREE_DIVISOR;
	tmp2 = heap->st_size / DUK_STRTAB_MIN_USED_DIVISOR;

	if (new_free <= tmp1 || new_used <= tmp2) {
		/* load factor too low or high, count actually used entries and resize */
		return duk__resize_strtab_probe(heap);
	} else {
		return 0;  /* OK */
	}
}

#if defined(DUK_USE_DEBUG)
DUK_INTERNAL void duk_heap_dump_strtab(duk_heap *heap) {
	duk_uint32_t i;
	duk_hstring *h;

	DUK_ASSERT(heap != NULL);
#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
	DUK_ASSERT(heap->strtable16 != NULL);
#else
	DUK_ASSERT(heap->strtable != NULL);
#endif
	DUK_UNREF(h);

	for (i = 0; i < heap->st_size; i++) {
#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
		h = (duk_hstring *) DUK_USE_HEAPPTR_DEC16(heap->strtable16[i]);
#else
		h = heap->strtable[i];
#endif

		DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("[%03d] -> %p", (int) i, (void *) h));
	}
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_DEBUG */

#endif  /* DUK_USE_STRTAB_PROBE */

/*
 *  Raw intern and lookup
 */

DUK_LOCAL duk_hstring *duk__do_intern(duk_heap *heap, const duk_uint8_t *str, duk_uint32_t blen, duk_uint32_t strhash) {
	duk_hstring *res;
	const duk_uint8_t *extdata;
#if defined(DUK_USE_MARK_AND_SWEEP)
	duk_small_uint_t prev_mark_and_sweep_base_flags;
#endif

	/* Prevent any side effects on the string table and the caller provided
	 * str/blen arguments while interning is in progress.  For example, if
	 * the caller provided str/blen from a dynamic buffer, a finalizer might
	 * resize that dynamic buffer, invalidating the call arguments.
	 */
#if defined(DUK_USE_MARK_AND_SWEEP)
	DUK_ASSERT((heap->mark_and_sweep_base_flags & DUK_MS_FLAG_NO_STRINGTABLE_RESIZE) == 0);
	prev_mark_and_sweep_base_flags = heap->mark_and_sweep_base_flags;
	DUK__PREVENT_MS_SIDE_EFFECTS(heap);
#endif

#if defined(DUK_USE_STRTAB_PROBE)
	if (duk__recheck_strtab_size_probe(heap, heap->st_used + 1)) {
		goto failed;
	}
#endif

	/* For manual testing only. */
#if 0
	{
		duk_size_t i;
		DUK_PRINTF("INTERN: \"");
		for (i = 0; i < blen; i++) {
			duk_uint8_t x = str[i];
			if (x >= 0x20 && x <= 0x7e && x != '"' && x != '\\') {
				DUK_PRINTF("%c", (int) x);  /* char: use int cast */
			} else {
				DUK_PRINTF("\\x%02lx", (long) x);
			}
		}
		DUK_PRINTF("\"\n");
	}
#endif

#if defined(DUK_USE_HSTRING_EXTDATA) && defined(DUK_USE_EXTSTR_INTERN_CHECK)
	extdata = (const duk_uint8_t *) DUK_USE_EXTSTR_INTERN_CHECK(heap->heap_udata, (void *) DUK_LOSE_CONST(str), (duk_size_t) blen);
#else
	extdata = (const duk_uint8_t *) NULL;
#endif
	res = duk__alloc_init_hstring(heap, str, blen, strhash, extdata);
	if (!res) {
		goto failed;
	}

#if defined(DUK_USE_STRTAB_CHAIN)
	if (duk__insert_hstring_chain(heap, res)) {
		/* failed */
		DUK_FREE(heap, res);
		goto failed;
	}
#elif defined(DUK_USE_STRTAB_PROBE)
	/* guaranteed to succeed */
	duk__insert_hstring_probe(heap,
#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
	                          heap->strtable16,
#else
	                          heap->strtable,
#endif
	                          heap->st_size,
	                          &heap->st_used,
	                          res);
#else
#error internal error, invalid strtab options
#endif

	/* Note: hstring is in heap but has refcount zero and is not strongly reachable.
	 * Caller should increase refcount and make the hstring reachable before any
	 * operations which require allocation (and possible gc).
	 */

 done:
#if defined(DUK_USE_MARK_AND_SWEEP)
	heap->mark_and_sweep_base_flags = prev_mark_and_sweep_base_flags;
#endif
	return res;

 failed:
	res = NULL;
	goto done;
}

DUK_LOCAL duk_hstring *duk__do_lookup(duk_heap *heap, const duk_uint8_t *str, duk_uint32_t blen, duk_uint32_t *out_strhash) {
	duk_hstring *res;

	DUK_ASSERT(out_strhash);

	*out_strhash = duk_heap_hashstring(heap, str, (duk_size_t) blen);

#if defined(DUK_USE_ROM_STRINGS)
	{
		duk_small_uint_t i;
		/* XXX: This is VERY inefficient now, and should be e.g. a
		 * binary search or perfect hash, to be fixed.
		 */
		for (i = 0; i < (duk_small_uint_t) (sizeof(duk_rom_strings) / sizeof(duk_hstring *)); i++) {
			duk_hstring *romstr;
			romstr = (duk_hstring *) DUK_LOSE_CONST(duk_rom_strings[i]);
			if (blen == DUK_HSTRING_GET_BYTELEN(romstr) &&
			    DUK_MEMCMP((const void *) str, (const void *) DUK_HSTRING_GET_DATA(romstr), blen) == 0) {
				DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("intern check: rom string: %!O, computed hash 0x%08lx, rom hash 0x%08lx",
				                   romstr, (unsigned long) *out_strhash, (unsigned long) DUK_HSTRING_GET_HASH(romstr)));
				DUK_ASSERT(*out_strhash == DUK_HSTRING_GET_HASH(romstr));
				*out_strhash = DUK_HSTRING_GET_HASH(romstr);
				return romstr;
			}
		}
	}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_ROM_STRINGS */

#if defined(DUK_USE_STRTAB_CHAIN)
	res = duk__find_matching_string_chain(heap, str, blen, *out_strhash);
#elif defined(DUK_USE_STRTAB_PROBE)
	res = duk__find_matching_string_probe(heap,
#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
	                                      heap->strtable16,
#else
	                                      heap->strtable,
#endif
	                                      heap->st_size,
	                                      str,
	                                      blen,
	                                      *out_strhash);
#else
#error internal error, invalid strtab options
#endif

	return res;
}

/*
 *  Exposed calls
 */

#if 0  /*unused*/
DUK_INTERNAL duk_hstring *duk_heap_string_lookup(duk_heap *heap, const duk_uint8_t *str, duk_uint32_t blen) {
	duk_uint32_t strhash;  /* dummy */
	return duk__do_lookup(heap, str, blen, &strhash);
}
#endif

DUK_INTERNAL duk_hstring *duk_heap_string_intern(duk_heap *heap, const duk_uint8_t *str, duk_uint32_t blen) {
	duk_hstring *res;
	duk_uint32_t strhash;

	/* caller is responsible for ensuring this */
	DUK_ASSERT(blen <= DUK_HSTRING_MAX_BYTELEN);

	res = duk__do_lookup(heap, str, blen, &strhash);
	if (res) {
		return res;
	}

	res = duk__do_intern(heap, str, blen, strhash);
	return res;  /* may be NULL */
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_hstring *duk_heap_string_intern_checked(duk_hthread *thr, const duk_uint8_t *str, duk_uint32_t blen) {
	duk_hstring *res = duk_heap_string_intern(thr->heap, str, blen);
	if (!res) {
		DUK_ERROR_ALLOC_DEFMSG(thr);
	}
	return res;
}

#if 0  /*unused*/
DUK_INTERNAL duk_hstring *duk_heap_string_lookup_u32(duk_heap *heap, duk_uint32_t val) {
	char buf[DUK_STRTAB_U32_MAX_STRLEN+1];
	DUK_SNPRINTF(buf, sizeof(buf), "%lu", (unsigned long) val);
	buf[sizeof(buf) - 1] = (char) 0;
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_STRLEN(buf) <= DUK_UINT32_MAX);  /* formatted result limited */
	return duk_heap_string_lookup(heap, (const duk_uint8_t *) buf, (duk_uint32_t) DUK_STRLEN(buf));
}
#endif

DUK_INTERNAL duk_hstring *duk_heap_string_intern_u32(duk_heap *heap, duk_uint32_t val) {
	char buf[DUK_STRTAB_U32_MAX_STRLEN+1];
	DUK_SNPRINTF(buf, sizeof(buf), "%lu", (unsigned long) val);
	buf[sizeof(buf) - 1] = (char) 0;
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_STRLEN(buf) <= DUK_UINT32_MAX);  /* formatted result limited */
	return duk_heap_string_intern(heap, (const duk_uint8_t *) buf, (duk_uint32_t) DUK_STRLEN(buf));
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_hstring *duk_heap_string_intern_u32_checked(duk_hthread *thr, duk_uint32_t val) {
	duk_hstring *res = duk_heap_string_intern_u32(thr->heap, val);
	if (!res) {
		DUK_ERROR_ALLOC_DEFMSG(thr);
	}
	return res;
}

/* find and remove string from stringtable; caller must free the string itself */
#if defined(DUK_USE_REFERENCE_COUNTING)
DUK_INTERNAL void duk_heap_string_remove(duk_heap *heap, duk_hstring *h) {
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("remove string from stringtable: %!O", (duk_heaphdr *) h));

#if defined(DUK_USE_STRTAB_CHAIN)
	duk__remove_matching_hstring_chain(heap, h);
#elif defined(DUK_USE_STRTAB_PROBE)
	duk__remove_matching_hstring_probe(heap,
#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
	                                   heap->strtable16,
#else
	                                   heap->strtable,
#endif
	                                   heap->st_size,
	                                   h);
#else
#error internal error, invalid strtab options
#endif
}
#endif

#if defined(DUK_USE_MARK_AND_SWEEP) && defined(DUK_USE_MS_STRINGTABLE_RESIZE)
DUK_INTERNAL void duk_heap_force_strtab_resize(duk_heap *heap) {
	duk_small_uint_t prev_mark_and_sweep_base_flags;
	/* Force a resize so that DELETED entries are eliminated.
	 * Another option would be duk__recheck_strtab_size_probe();
	 * but since that happens on every intern anyway, this whole
	 * check can now be disabled.
	 */

	DUK_ASSERT((heap->mark_and_sweep_base_flags & DUK_MS_FLAG_NO_STRINGTABLE_RESIZE) == 0);
	prev_mark_and_sweep_base_flags = heap->mark_and_sweep_base_flags;
	DUK__PREVENT_MS_SIDE_EFFECTS(heap);

#if defined(DUK_USE_STRTAB_CHAIN)
	DUK_UNREF(heap);
#elif defined(DUK_USE_STRTAB_PROBE)
	(void) duk__resize_strtab_probe(heap);
#endif

	heap->mark_and_sweep_base_flags = prev_mark_and_sweep_base_flags;
}
#endif

#if defined(DUK_USE_STRTAB_CHAIN)
DUK_INTERNAL void duk_heap_free_strtab(duk_heap *heap) {
	/* Free strings in the stringtable and any allocations needed
	 * by the stringtable itself.
	 */
	duk_uint_fast32_t i, j;
	duk_strtab_entry *e;
#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
	duk_uint16_t *lst;
	duk_uint16_t null16 = heap->heapptr_null16;
#else
	duk_hstring **lst;
#endif
	duk_hstring *h;

	for (i = 0; i < DUK_STRTAB_CHAIN_SIZE; i++) {
		e = heap->strtable + i;
		if (e->listlen > 0) {
#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
			lst = (duk_uint16_t *) DUK_USE_HEAPPTR_DEC16(heap->heap_udata, e->u.strlist16);
#else
			lst = e->u.strlist;
#endif
			DUK_ASSERT(lst != NULL);

			for (j = 0; j < e->listlen; j++) {
#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
				h = DUK_USE_HEAPPTR_DEC16(heap->heap_udata, lst[j]);
				lst[j] = null16;
#else
				h = lst[j];
				lst[j] = NULL;
#endif
				/* strings may have inner refs (extdata) in some cases */
				if (h != NULL) {
					duk_free_hstring_inner(heap, h);
					DUK_FREE(heap, h);
				}
			}
#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
			e->u.strlist16 = null16;
#else
			e->u.strlist = NULL;
#endif
			DUK_FREE(heap, lst);
		} else {
#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
			h = DUK_USE_HEAPPTR_DEC16(heap->heap_udata, e->u.str16);
			e->u.str16 = null16;
#else
			h = e->u.str;
			e->u.str = NULL;
#endif
			if (h != NULL) {
				duk_free_hstring_inner(heap, h);
				DUK_FREE(heap, h);
			}
		}
		e->listlen = 0;
	}
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_STRTAB_CHAIN */

#if defined(DUK_USE_STRTAB_PROBE)
DUK_INTERNAL void duk_heap_free_strtab(duk_heap *heap) {
	duk_uint_fast32_t i;
	duk_hstring *h;

#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
	if (heap->strtable16) {
#else
	if (heap->strtable) {
#endif
		for (i = 0; i < (duk_uint_fast32_t) heap->st_size; i++) {
#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
			h = (duk_hstring *) DUK_USE_HEAPPTR_DEC16(heap->heap_udata, heap->strtable16[i]);
#else
			h = heap->strtable[i];
#endif
			if (h == NULL || h == DUK_STRTAB_DELETED_MARKER(heap)) {
				continue;
			}
			DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);

			/* strings may have inner refs (extdata) in some cases */
			duk_free_hstring_inner(heap, h);
			DUK_FREE(heap, h);
#if 0  /* not strictly necessary */
			heap->strtable[i] = NULL;
#endif
		}
#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
		DUK_FREE(heap, heap->strtable16);
#else
		DUK_FREE(heap, heap->strtable);
#endif
#if 0  /* not strictly necessary */
		heap->strtable = NULL;
#endif
	}
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_STRTAB_PROBE */

/* Undefine local defines */
#undef DUK__HASH_INITIAL
#undef DUK__HASH_PROBE_STEP
#undef DUK__DELETED_MARKER
/*
 *  Hobject allocation.
 *
 *  Provides primitive allocation functions for all object types (plain object,
 *  compiled function, native function, thread).  The object return is not yet
 *  in "heap allocated" list and has a refcount of zero, so caller must careful.
 */

/* include removed: duk_internal.h */

DUK_LOCAL void duk__init_object_parts(duk_heap *heap, duk_hobject *obj, duk_uint_t hobject_flags) {
#ifdef DUK_USE_EXPLICIT_NULL_INIT
	DUK_HOBJECT_SET_PROPS(heap, obj, NULL);
#endif

	/* XXX: macro? sets both heaphdr and object flags */
	obj->hdr.h_flags = hobject_flags;
	DUK_HEAPHDR_SET_TYPE(&obj->hdr, DUK_HTYPE_OBJECT);  /* also goes into flags */

#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
	/* Zero encoded pointer is required to match NULL */
	DUK_HEAPHDR_SET_NEXT(heap, &obj->hdr, NULL);
#if defined(DUK_USE_DOUBLE_LINKED_HEAP)
	DUK_HEAPHDR_SET_PREV(heap, &obj->hdr, NULL);
#endif
#endif
	DUK_ASSERT_HEAPHDR_LINKS(heap, &obj->hdr);
	DUK_HEAP_INSERT_INTO_HEAP_ALLOCATED(heap, &obj->hdr);

	/*
	 *  obj->props is intentionally left as NULL, and duk_hobject_props.c must deal
	 *  with this properly.  This is intentional: empty objects consume a minimum
	 *  amount of memory.  Further, an initial allocation might fail and cause
	 *  'obj' to "leak" (require a mark-and-sweep) since it is not reachable yet.
	 */
}

/*
 *  Allocate an duk_hobject.
 *
 *  The allocated object has no allocation for properties; the caller may
 *  want to force a resize if a desired size is known.
 *
 *  The allocated object has zero reference count and is not reachable.
 *  The caller MUST make the object reachable and increase its reference
 *  count before invoking any operation that might require memory allocation.
 */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_hobject *duk_hobject_alloc(duk_heap *heap, duk_uint_t hobject_flags) {
	duk_hobject *res;

	DUK_ASSERT(heap != NULL);

	/* different memory layout, alloc size, and init */
	DUK_ASSERT((hobject_flags & DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_COMPILEDFUNCTION) == 0);
	DUK_ASSERT((hobject_flags & DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_NATIVEFUNCTION) == 0);
	DUK_ASSERT((hobject_flags & DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_THREAD) == 0);

	res = (duk_hobject *) DUK_ALLOC(heap, sizeof(duk_hobject));
	if (!res) {
		return NULL;
	}
	DUK_MEMZERO(res, sizeof(duk_hobject));

	duk__init_object_parts(heap, res, hobject_flags);

	return res;
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_hcompiledfunction *duk_hcompiledfunction_alloc(duk_heap *heap, duk_uint_t hobject_flags) {
	duk_hcompiledfunction *res;

	res = (duk_hcompiledfunction *) DUK_ALLOC(heap, sizeof(duk_hcompiledfunction));
	if (!res) {
		return NULL;
	}
	DUK_MEMZERO(res, sizeof(duk_hcompiledfunction));

	duk__init_object_parts(heap, &res->obj, hobject_flags);

#ifdef DUK_USE_EXPLICIT_NULL_INIT
#ifdef DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16
	/* NULL pointer is required to encode to zero, so memset is enough. */
#else
	res->data = NULL;
	res->funcs = NULL;
	res->bytecode = NULL;
#endif
#endif

	return res;
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_hnativefunction *duk_hnativefunction_alloc(duk_heap *heap, duk_uint_t hobject_flags) {
	duk_hnativefunction *res;

	res = (duk_hnativefunction *) DUK_ALLOC(heap, sizeof(duk_hnativefunction));
	if (!res) {
		return NULL;
	}
	DUK_MEMZERO(res, sizeof(duk_hnativefunction));

	duk__init_object_parts(heap, &res->obj, hobject_flags);

#ifdef DUK_USE_EXPLICIT_NULL_INIT
	res->func = NULL;
#endif

	return res;
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_hbufferobject *duk_hbufferobject_alloc(duk_heap *heap, duk_uint_t hobject_flags) {
	duk_hbufferobject *res;

	res = (duk_hbufferobject *) DUK_ALLOC(heap, sizeof(duk_hbufferobject));
	if (!res) {
		return NULL;
	}
	DUK_MEMZERO(res, sizeof(duk_hbufferobject));

	duk__init_object_parts(heap, &res->obj, hobject_flags);

#ifdef DUK_USE_EXPLICIT_NULL_INIT
	res->buf = NULL;
#endif

	DUK_ASSERT_HBUFFEROBJECT_VALID(res);
	return res;
}

/*
 *  Allocate a new thread.
 *
 *  Leaves the built-ins array uninitialized.  The caller must either
 *  initialize a new global context or share existing built-ins from
 *  another thread.
 */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_hthread *duk_hthread_alloc(duk_heap *heap, duk_uint_t hobject_flags) {
	duk_hthread *res;

	res = (duk_hthread *) DUK_ALLOC(heap, sizeof(duk_hthread));
	if (!res) {
		return NULL;
	}
	DUK_MEMZERO(res, sizeof(duk_hthread));

	duk__init_object_parts(heap, &res->obj, hobject_flags);

#ifdef DUK_USE_EXPLICIT_NULL_INIT
	res->ptr_curr_pc = NULL;
	res->heap = NULL;
	res->valstack = NULL;
	res->valstack_end = NULL;
	res->valstack_bottom = NULL;
	res->valstack_top = NULL;
	res->callstack = NULL;
	res->catchstack = NULL;
	res->resumer = NULL;
	res->compile_ctx = NULL,
#ifdef DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16
	res->strs16 = NULL;
#else
	res->strs = NULL;
#endif
	{
		int i;
		for (i = 0; i < DUK_NUM_BUILTINS; i++) {
			res->builtins[i] = NULL;
		}
	}
#endif
	/* when nothing is running, API calls are in non-strict mode */
	DUK_ASSERT(res->strict == 0);

	res->heap = heap;
	res->valstack_max = DUK_VALSTACK_DEFAULT_MAX;
	res->callstack_max = DUK_CALLSTACK_DEFAULT_MAX;
	res->catchstack_max = DUK_CATCHSTACK_DEFAULT_MAX;

	return res;
}

#if 0  /* unused now */
DUK_INTERNAL duk_hobject *duk_hobject_alloc_checked(duk_hthread *thr, duk_uint_t hobject_flags) {
	duk_hobject *res = duk_hobject_alloc(thr->heap, hobject_flags);
	if (!res) {
		DUK_ERROR_ALLOC_DEFMSG(thr);
	}
	return res;
}
#endif
/*
 *  Hobject enumeration support.
 *
 *  Creates an internal enumeration state object to be used e.g. with for-in
 *  enumeration.  The state object contains a snapshot of target object keys
 *  and internal control state for enumeration.  Enumerator flags allow caller
 *  to e.g. request internal/non-enumerable properties, and to enumerate only
 *  "own" properties.
 *
 *  Also creates the result value for e.g. Object.keys() based on the same
 *  internal structure.
 *
 *  This snapshot-based enumeration approach is used to simplify enumeration:
 *  non-snapshot-based approaches are difficult to reconcile with mutating
 *  the enumeration target, running multiple long-lived enumerators at the
 *  same time, garbage collection details, etc.  The downside is that the
 *  enumerator object is memory inefficient especially for iterating arrays.
 */

/* include removed: duk_internal.h */

/* XXX: identify enumeration target with an object index (not top of stack) */

/* must match exactly the number of internal properties inserted to enumerator */
#define DUK__ENUM_START_INDEX  2

DUK_LOCAL const duk_uint16_t duk__bufferobject_virtual_props[] = {
	DUK_STRIDX_LENGTH,
	DUK_STRIDX_BYTE_LENGTH,
	DUK_STRIDX_BYTE_OFFSET,
	DUK_STRIDX_BYTES_PER_ELEMENT
};

/*
 *  Helper to sort array index keys.  The keys are in the enumeration object
 *  entry part, starting from DUK__ENUM_START_INDEX, and the entry part is dense.
 *
 *  We use insertion sort because it is simple (leading to compact code,)
 *  works nicely in-place, and minimizes operations if data is already sorted
 *  or nearly sorted (which is a very common case here).  It also minimizes
 *  the use of element comparisons in general.  This is nice because element
 *  comparisons here involve re-parsing the string keys into numbers each
 *  time, which is naturally very expensive.
 *
 *  Note that the entry part values are all "true", e.g.
 *
 *    "1" -> true, "3" -> true, "2" -> true
 *
 *  so it suffices to only work in the key part without exchanging any keys,
 *  simplifying the sort.
 *
 *  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insertion_sort
 *
 *  (Compiles to about 160 bytes now as a stand-alone function.)
 */

DUK_LOCAL void duk__sort_array_indices(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *h_obj) {
	duk_hstring **keys;
	duk_hstring **p_curr, **p_insert, **p_end;
	duk_hstring *h_curr;
	duk_uarridx_t val_highest, val_curr, val_insert;

	DUK_ASSERT(h_obj != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ENEXT(h_obj) >= 2);  /* control props */
	DUK_UNREF(thr);

	if (DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ENEXT(h_obj) <= 1 + DUK__ENUM_START_INDEX) {
		return;
	}

	keys = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_KEY_BASE(thr->heap, h_obj);
	p_end = keys + DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ENEXT(h_obj);
	keys += DUK__ENUM_START_INDEX;

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("keys=%p, p_end=%p (after skipping enum props)",
	                     (void *) keys, (void *) p_end));

#ifdef DUK_USE_DDDPRINT
	{
		duk_uint_fast32_t i;
		for (i = 0; i < (duk_uint_fast32_t) DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ENEXT(h_obj); i++) {
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("initial: %ld %p -> %!O",
			                     (long) i,
			                     (void *) DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_KEY_PTR(thr->heap, h_obj, i),
			                     (duk_heaphdr *) DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_KEY(thr->heap, h_obj, i)));
		}
	}
#endif

	val_highest = DUK_HSTRING_GET_ARRIDX_SLOW(keys[0]);
	for (p_curr = keys + 1; p_curr < p_end; p_curr++) {
		DUK_ASSERT(*p_curr != NULL);
		val_curr = DUK_HSTRING_GET_ARRIDX_SLOW(*p_curr);

		if (val_curr >= val_highest) {
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("p_curr=%p, p_end=%p, val_highest=%ld, val_curr=%ld -> "
			                     "already in correct order, next",
			                     (void *) p_curr, (void *) p_end, (long) val_highest, (long) val_curr));
			val_highest = val_curr;
			continue;
		}

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("p_curr=%p, p_end=%p, val_highest=%ld, val_curr=%ld -> "
		                     "needs to be inserted",
		                     (void *) p_curr, (void *) p_end, (long) val_highest, (long) val_curr));

		/* Needs to be inserted; scan backwards, since we optimize
		 * for the case where elements are nearly in order.
		 */

		p_insert = p_curr - 1;
		for (;;) {
			val_insert = DUK_HSTRING_GET_ARRIDX_SLOW(*p_insert);
			if (val_insert < val_curr) {
				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("p_insert=%p, val_insert=%ld, val_curr=%ld -> insert after this",
				                     (void *) p_insert, (long) val_insert, (long) val_curr));
				p_insert++;
				break;
			}
			if (p_insert == keys) {
				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("p_insert=%p -> out of keys, insert to beginning", (void *) p_insert));
				break;
			}
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("p_insert=%p, val_insert=%ld, val_curr=%ld -> search backwards",
			                     (void *) p_insert, (long) val_insert, (long) val_curr));
			p_insert--;
		}

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("final p_insert=%p", (void *) p_insert));

		/*        .-- p_insert   .-- p_curr
		 *        v              v
		 *  | ... | insert | ... | curr
		 */

		h_curr = *p_curr;
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("memmove: dest=%p, src=%p, size=%ld, h_curr=%p",
		                     (void *) (p_insert + 1), (void *) p_insert,
		                     (long) (p_curr - p_insert), (void *) h_curr));

		DUK_MEMMOVE((void *) (p_insert + 1),
		            (const void *) p_insert,
		            (size_t) ((p_curr - p_insert) * sizeof(duk_hstring *)));
		*p_insert = h_curr;
		/* keep val_highest */
	}

#ifdef DUK_USE_DDDPRINT
	{
		duk_uint_fast32_t i;
		for (i = 0; i < (duk_uint_fast32_t) DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ENEXT(h_obj); i++) {
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("final: %ld %p -> %!O",
			                     (long) i,
			                     (void *) DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_KEY_PTR(thr->heap, h_obj, i),
			                     (duk_heaphdr *) DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_KEY(thr->heap, h_obj, i)));
		}
	}
#endif
}

/*
 *  Create an internal enumerator object E, which has its keys ordered
 *  to match desired enumeration ordering.  Also initialize internal control
 *  properties for enumeration.
 *
 *  Note: if an array was used to hold enumeration keys instead, an array
 *  scan would be needed to eliminate duplicates found in the prototype chain.
 */

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_hobject_enumerator_create(duk_context *ctx, duk_small_uint_t enum_flags) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_hobject *enum_target;
	duk_hobject *curr;
	duk_hobject *res;
#if defined(DUK_USE_ES6_PROXY)
	duk_hobject *h_proxy_target;
	duk_hobject *h_proxy_handler;
	duk_hobject *h_trap_result;
#endif
	duk_uint_fast32_t i, len;  /* used for array, stack, and entry indices */

	DUK_ASSERT(ctx != NULL);

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("create enumerator, stack top: %ld", (long) duk_get_top(ctx)));

	enum_target = duk_require_hobject(ctx, -1);
	DUK_ASSERT(enum_target != NULL);

	duk_push_object_internal(ctx);
	res = duk_require_hobject(ctx, -1);

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("created internal object"));

	/* [enum_target res] */

	/* Target must be stored so that we can recheck whether or not
	 * keys still exist when we enumerate.  This is not done if the
	 * enumeration result comes from a proxy trap as there is no
	 * real object to check against.
	 */
	duk_push_hobject(ctx, enum_target);
	duk_put_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_INT_TARGET);

	/* Initialize index so that we skip internal control keys. */
	duk_push_int(ctx, DUK__ENUM_START_INDEX);
	duk_put_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_INT_NEXT);

	/*
	 *  Proxy object handling
	 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_ES6_PROXY)
	if (DUK_LIKELY((enum_flags & DUK_ENUM_NO_PROXY_BEHAVIOR) != 0)) {
		goto skip_proxy;
	}
	if (DUK_LIKELY(!duk_hobject_proxy_check(thr,
	                                        enum_target,
	                                        &h_proxy_target,
	                                        &h_proxy_handler))) {
		goto skip_proxy;
	}

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("proxy enumeration"));
	duk_push_hobject(ctx, h_proxy_handler);
	if (!duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, -1, DUK_STRIDX_ENUMERATE)) {
		/* No need to replace the 'enum_target' value in stack, only the
		 * enum_target reference.  This also ensures that the original
		 * enum target is reachable, which keeps the proxy and the proxy
		 * target reachable.  We do need to replace the internal _Target.
		 */
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("no enumerate trap, enumerate proxy target instead"));
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("h_proxy_target=%!O", (duk_heaphdr *) h_proxy_target));
		enum_target = h_proxy_target;

		duk_push_hobject(ctx, enum_target);  /* -> [ ... enum_target res handler undefined target ] */
		duk_put_prop_stridx(ctx, -4, DUK_STRIDX_INT_TARGET);

		duk_pop_2(ctx);  /* -> [ ... enum_target res ] */
		goto skip_proxy;
	}

	/* [ ... enum_target res handler trap ] */
	duk_insert(ctx, -2);
	duk_push_hobject(ctx, h_proxy_target);    /* -> [ ... enum_target res trap handler target ] */
	duk_call_method(ctx, 1 /*nargs*/);        /* -> [ ... enum_target res trap_result ] */
	h_trap_result = duk_require_hobject(ctx, -1);
	DUK_UNREF(h_trap_result);

	/* Copy trap result keys into the enumerator object. */
	len = (duk_uint_fast32_t) duk_get_length(ctx, -1);
	for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
		/* XXX: not sure what the correct semantic details are here,
		 * e.g. handling of missing values (gaps), handling of non-array
		 * trap results, etc.
		 *
		 * For keys, we simply skip non-string keys which seems to be
		 * consistent with how e.g. Object.keys() will process proxy trap
		 * results (ES6, Section 19.1.2.14).
		 */
		if (duk_get_prop_index(ctx, -1, i) && duk_is_string(ctx, -1)) {
			/* [ ... enum_target res trap_result val ] */
			duk_push_true(ctx);
			/* [ ... enum_target res trap_result val true ] */
			duk_put_prop(ctx, -4);
		} else {
			duk_pop(ctx);
		}
	}
	/* [ ... enum_target res trap_result ] */
	duk_pop(ctx);
	duk_remove(ctx, -2);

	/* [ ... res ] */

	/* The internal _Target property is kept pointing to the original
	 * enumeration target (the proxy object), so that the enumerator
	 * 'next' operation can read property values if so requested.  The
	 * fact that the _Target is a proxy disables key existence check
	 * during enumeration.
	 */
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("proxy enumeration, final res: %!O", (duk_heaphdr *) res));
	goto compact_and_return;

 skip_proxy:
#endif  /* DUK_USE_ES6_PROXY */

	curr = enum_target;
	while (curr) {
		/*
		 *  Virtual properties.
		 *
		 *  String and buffer indices are virtual and always enumerable,
		 *  'length' is virtual and non-enumerable.  Array and arguments
		 *  object props have special behavior but are concrete.
		 */

		if (DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_STRINGOBJ(curr) ||
		    DUK_HOBJECT_IS_BUFFEROBJECT(curr)) {
			/* String and buffer enumeration behavior is identical now,
			 * so use shared handler.
			 */
			if (DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_STRINGOBJ(curr)) {
				duk_hstring *h_val;
				h_val = duk_hobject_get_internal_value_string(thr->heap, curr);
				DUK_ASSERT(h_val != NULL);  /* string objects must not created without internal value */
				len = (duk_uint_fast32_t) DUK_HSTRING_GET_CHARLEN(h_val);
			} else {
				duk_hbufferobject *h_bufobj;
				DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_IS_BUFFEROBJECT(curr));
				h_bufobj = (duk_hbufferobject *) curr;
				if (h_bufobj == NULL) {
					/* Neutered buffer, zero length seems
					 * like good behavior here.
					 */
					len = 0;
				} else {
					/* There's intentionally no check for
					 * current underlying buffer length.
					 */
					len = (duk_uint_fast32_t) (h_bufobj->length >> h_bufobj->shift);
				}
			}

			for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
				duk_hstring *k;

				k = duk_heap_string_intern_u32_checked(thr, i);
				DUK_ASSERT(k);
				duk_push_hstring(ctx, k);
				duk_push_true(ctx);

				/* [enum_target res key true] */
				duk_put_prop(ctx, -3);

				/* [enum_target res] */
			}

			/* 'length' and other virtual properties are not
			 * enumerable, but are included if non-enumerable
			 * properties are requested.
			 */

			if (enum_flags & DUK_ENUM_INCLUDE_NONENUMERABLE) {
				duk_uint_fast32_t n;

				if (DUK_HOBJECT_IS_BUFFEROBJECT(curr)) {
					n = sizeof(duk__bufferobject_virtual_props) / sizeof(duk_uint16_t);
				} else {
					DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_STRINGOBJ(curr));
					DUK_ASSERT(duk__bufferobject_virtual_props[0] == DUK_STRIDX_LENGTH);
					n = 1;  /* only 'length' */
				}

				for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
					duk_push_hstring_stridx(ctx, duk__bufferobject_virtual_props[i]);
					duk_push_true(ctx);
					duk_put_prop(ctx, -3);
				}

			}
		} else if (DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_DUKFUNC(curr)) {
			if (enum_flags & DUK_ENUM_INCLUDE_NONENUMERABLE) {
				duk_push_hstring_stridx(ctx, DUK_STRIDX_LENGTH);
				duk_push_true(ctx);
				duk_put_prop(ctx, -3);
			}
		}

		/*
		 *  Array part
		 *
		 *  Note: ordering between array and entry part must match 'abandon array'
		 *  behavior in duk_hobject_props.c: key order after an array is abandoned
		 *  must be the same.
		 */

		for (i = 0; i < (duk_uint_fast32_t) DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ASIZE(curr); i++) {
			duk_hstring *k;
			duk_tval *tv;

			tv = DUK_HOBJECT_A_GET_VALUE_PTR(thr->heap, curr, i);
			if (DUK_TVAL_IS_UNUSED(tv)) {
				continue;
			}
			k = duk_heap_string_intern_u32_checked(thr, i);
			DUK_ASSERT(k);

			duk_push_hstring(ctx, k);
			duk_push_true(ctx);

			/* [enum_target res key true] */
			duk_put_prop(ctx, -3);

			/* [enum_target res] */
		}

		/*
		 *  Entries part
		 */

		for (i = 0; i < (duk_uint_fast32_t) DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ENEXT(curr); i++) {
			duk_hstring *k;

			k = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_KEY(thr->heap, curr, i);
			if (!k) {
				continue;
			}
			if (!DUK_HOBJECT_E_SLOT_IS_ENUMERABLE(thr->heap, curr, i) &&
			    !(enum_flags & DUK_ENUM_INCLUDE_NONENUMERABLE)) {
				continue;
			}
			if (DUK_HSTRING_HAS_INTERNAL(k) &&
			    !(enum_flags & DUK_ENUM_INCLUDE_INTERNAL)) {
				continue;
			}
			if ((enum_flags & DUK_ENUM_ARRAY_INDICES_ONLY) &&
			    (DUK_HSTRING_GET_ARRIDX_SLOW(k) == DUK_HSTRING_NO_ARRAY_INDEX)) {
				continue;
			}

			DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_E_SLOT_IS_ACCESSOR(thr->heap, curr, i) ||
			           !DUK_TVAL_IS_UNUSED(&DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_PTR(thr->heap, curr, i)->v));

			duk_push_hstring(ctx, k);
			duk_push_true(ctx);

			/* [enum_target res key true] */
			duk_put_prop(ctx, -3);

			/* [enum_target res] */
		}

		if (enum_flags & DUK_ENUM_OWN_PROPERTIES_ONLY) {
			break;
		}

		curr = DUK_HOBJECT_GET_PROTOTYPE(thr->heap, curr);
	}

	/* [enum_target res] */

	duk_remove(ctx, -2);

	/* [res] */

	if ((enum_flags & (DUK_ENUM_ARRAY_INDICES_ONLY | DUK_ENUM_SORT_ARRAY_INDICES)) ==
	                  (DUK_ENUM_ARRAY_INDICES_ONLY | DUK_ENUM_SORT_ARRAY_INDICES)) {
		/*
		 *  Some E5/E5.1 algorithms require that array indices are iterated
		 *  in a strictly ascending order.  This is the case for e.g.
		 *  Array.prototype.forEach() and JSON.stringify() PropertyList
		 *  handling.
		 *
		 *  To ensure this property for arrays with an array part (and
		 *  arbitrary objects too, since e.g. forEach() can be applied
		 *  to an array), the caller can request that we sort the keys
		 *  here.
		 */

		/* XXX: avoid this at least when enum_target is an Array, it has an
		 * array part, and no ancestor properties were included?  Not worth
		 * it for JSON, but maybe worth it for forEach().
		 */

		/* XXX: may need a 'length' filter for forEach()
		 */
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("sort array indices by caller request"));
		duk__sort_array_indices(thr, res);
	}

#if defined(DUK_USE_ES6_PROXY)
 compact_and_return:
#endif
	/* compact; no need to seal because object is internal */
	duk_hobject_compact_props(thr, res);

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("created enumerator object: %!iT", (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));
}

/*
 *  Returns non-zero if a key and/or value was enumerated, and:
 *
 *   [enum] -> [key]        (get_value == 0)
 *   [enum] -> [key value]  (get_value == 1)
 *
 *  Returns zero without pushing anything on the stack otherwise.
 */
DUK_INTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_hobject_enumerator_next(duk_context *ctx, duk_bool_t get_value) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_hobject *e;
	duk_hobject *enum_target;
	duk_hstring *res = NULL;
	duk_uint_fast32_t idx;
	duk_bool_t check_existence;

	DUK_ASSERT(ctx != NULL);

	/* [... enum] */

	e = duk_require_hobject(ctx, -1);

	/* XXX use get tval ptr, more efficient */
	duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, -1, DUK_STRIDX_INT_NEXT);
	idx = (duk_uint_fast32_t) duk_require_uint(ctx, -1);
	duk_pop(ctx);
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("enumeration: index is: %ld", (long) idx));

	/* Enumeration keys are checked against the enumeration target (to see
	 * that they still exist).  In the proxy enumeration case _Target will
	 * be the proxy, and checking key existence against the proxy is not
	 * required (or sensible, as the keys may be fully virtual).
	 */
	duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, -1, DUK_STRIDX_INT_TARGET);
	enum_target = duk_require_hobject(ctx, -1);
	DUK_ASSERT(enum_target != NULL);
#if defined(DUK_USE_ES6_PROXY)
	check_existence = (!DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_PROXYOBJ(enum_target));
#else
	check_existence = 1;
#endif
	duk_pop(ctx);  /* still reachable */

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("getting next enum value, enum_target=%!iO, enumerator=%!iT",
	                     (duk_heaphdr *) enum_target, (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));

	/* no array part */
	for (;;) {
		duk_hstring *k;

		if (idx >= DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ENEXT(e)) {
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("enumeration: ran out of elements"));
			break;
		}

		/* we know these because enum objects are internally created */
		k = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_KEY(thr->heap, e, idx);
		DUK_ASSERT(k != NULL);
		DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HOBJECT_E_SLOT_IS_ACCESSOR(thr->heap, e, idx));
		DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_TVAL_IS_UNUSED(&DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE(thr->heap, e, idx).v));

		idx++;

		/* recheck that the property still exists */
		if (check_existence && !duk_hobject_hasprop_raw(thr, enum_target, k)) {
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("property deleted during enumeration, skip"));
			continue;
		}

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("enumeration: found element, key: %!O", (duk_heaphdr *) k));
		res = k;
		break;
	}

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("enumeration: updating next index to %ld", (long) idx));

	duk_push_u32(ctx, (duk_uint32_t) idx);
	duk_put_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_INT_NEXT);

	/* [... enum] */

	if (res) {
		duk_push_hstring(ctx, res);
		if (get_value) {
			duk_push_hobject(ctx, enum_target);
			duk_dup(ctx, -2);      /* -> [... enum key enum_target key] */
			duk_get_prop(ctx, -2); /* -> [... enum key enum_target val] */
			duk_remove(ctx, -2);   /* -> [... enum key val] */
			duk_remove(ctx, -3);   /* -> [... key val] */
		} else {
			duk_remove(ctx, -2);   /* -> [... key] */
		}
		return 1;
	} else {
		duk_pop(ctx);  /* -> [...] */
		return 0;
	}
}

/*
 *  Get enumerated keys in an Ecmascript array.  Matches Object.keys() behavior
 *  described in E5 Section 15.2.3.14.
 */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_hobject_get_enumerated_keys(duk_context *ctx, duk_small_uint_t enum_flags) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_hobject *e;
	duk_uint_fast32_t i;
	duk_uint_fast32_t idx;

	DUK_ASSERT(ctx != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(duk_get_hobject(ctx, -1) != NULL);
	DUK_UNREF(thr);

	/* Create a temporary enumerator to get the (non-duplicated) key list;
	 * the enumerator state is initialized without being needed, but that
	 * has little impact.
	 */

	duk_hobject_enumerator_create(ctx, enum_flags);
	duk_push_array(ctx);

	/* [enum_target enum res] */

	e = duk_require_hobject(ctx, -2);
	DUK_ASSERT(e != NULL);

	idx = 0;
	for (i = DUK__ENUM_START_INDEX; i < (duk_uint_fast32_t) DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ENEXT(e); i++) {
		duk_hstring *k;

		k = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_KEY(thr->heap, e, i);
		DUK_ASSERT(k);  /* enumerator must have no keys deleted */

		/* [enum_target enum res] */
		duk_push_hstring(ctx, k);
		duk_put_prop_index(ctx, -2, idx);
		idx++;
	}

	/* [enum_target enum res] */
	duk_remove(ctx, -2);

	/* [enum_target res] */

	return 1;  /* return 1 to allow callers to tail call */
}
/*
 *  Run an duk_hobject finalizer.  Used for both reference counting
 *  and mark-and-sweep algorithms.  Must never throw an error.
 *
 *  There is no return value.  Any return value or error thrown by
 *  the finalizer is ignored (although errors are debug logged).
 *
 *  Notes:
 *
 *    - The thread used for calling the finalizer is the same as the
 *      'thr' argument.  This may need to change later.
 *
 *    - The finalizer thread 'top' assertions are there because it is
 *      critical that strict stack policy is observed (i.e. no cruft
 *      left on the finalizer stack).
 */

/* include removed: duk_internal.h */

DUK_LOCAL duk_ret_t duk__finalize_helper(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hthread *thr;

	DUK_ASSERT(ctx != NULL);
	thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("protected finalization helper running"));

	/* [... obj] */

	/* XXX: Finalizer lookup should traverse the prototype chain (to allow
	 * inherited finalizers) but should not invoke accessors or proxy object
	 * behavior.  At the moment this lookup will invoke proxy behavior, so
	 * caller must ensure that this function is not called if the target is
	 * a Proxy.
	 */

	duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, -1, DUK_STRIDX_INT_FINALIZER);  /* -> [... obj finalizer] */
	if (!duk_is_callable(ctx, -1)) {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("-> no finalizer or finalizer not callable"));
		return 0;
	}
	duk_dup(ctx, -2);
	duk_push_boolean(ctx, DUK_HEAP_HAS_FINALIZER_NORESCUE(thr->heap));
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("-> finalizer found, calling finalizer"));
	duk_call(ctx, 2);  /* [ ... obj finalizer obj heapDestruct ]  -> [ ... obj retval ] */
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("finalizer finished successfully"));
	return 0;

	/* Note: we rely on duk_safe_call() to fix up the stack for the caller,
	 * so we don't need to pop stuff here.  There is no return value;
	 * caller determines rescued status based on object refcount.
	 */
}

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_hobject_run_finalizer(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj) {
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk_ret_t rc;
#ifdef DUK_USE_ASSERTIONS
	duk_idx_t entry_top;
#endif

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("running object finalizer for object: %p", (void *) obj));

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(ctx != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(obj != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT_VALSTACK_SPACE(thr, 1);

#ifdef DUK_USE_ASSERTIONS
	entry_top = duk_get_top(ctx);
#endif
	/*
	 *  Get and call the finalizer.  All of this must be wrapped
	 *  in a protected call, because even getting the finalizer
	 *  may trigger an error (getter may throw one, for instance).
	 */

	DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_READONLY((duk_heaphdr *) obj));
	if (DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_FINALIZED((duk_heaphdr *) obj)) {
		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("object already finalized, avoid running finalizer twice: %!O", obj));
		return;
	}
	DUK_HEAPHDR_SET_FINALIZED((duk_heaphdr *) obj);  /* ensure never re-entered until rescue cycle complete */
	if (DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_PROXYOBJ(obj)) {
		/* This shouldn't happen; call sites should avoid looking up
		 * _Finalizer "through" a Proxy, but ignore if we come here
		 * with a Proxy to avoid finalizer re-entry.
		 */
		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("object is a proxy, skip finalizer call"));
		return;
	}

	/* XXX: use a NULL error handler for the finalizer call? */

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("-> finalizer found, calling wrapped finalize helper"));
	duk_push_hobject(ctx, obj);  /* this also increases refcount by one */
	rc = duk_safe_call(ctx, duk__finalize_helper, 0 /*nargs*/, 1 /*nrets*/);  /* -> [... obj retval/error] */
	DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, entry_top + 2);  /* duk_safe_call discipline */

	if (rc != DUK_EXEC_SUCCESS) {
		/* Note: we ask for one return value from duk_safe_call to get this
		 * error debugging here.
		 */
		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("wrapped finalizer call failed for object %p (ignored); error: %!T",
		                 (void *) obj, (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));
	}
	duk_pop_2(ctx);  /* -> [...] */

	DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, entry_top);
}
/*
 *  Misc support functions
 */

/* include removed: duk_internal.h */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_hobject_prototype_chain_contains(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *h, duk_hobject *p, duk_bool_t ignore_loop) {
	duk_uint_t sanity;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);

	/* False if the object is NULL or the prototype 'p' is NULL.
	 * In particular, false if both are NULL (don't compare equal).
	 */
	if (h == NULL || p == NULL) {
		return 0;
	}

	sanity = DUK_HOBJECT_PROTOTYPE_CHAIN_SANITY;
	do {
		if (h == p) {
			return 1;
		}

		if (sanity-- == 0) {
			if (ignore_loop) {
				break;
			} else {
				DUK_ERROR_RANGE(thr, DUK_STR_PROTOTYPE_CHAIN_LIMIT);
			}
		}
		h = DUK_HOBJECT_GET_PROTOTYPE(thr->heap, h);
	} while (h);

	return 0;
}

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_hobject_set_prototype_updref(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *h, duk_hobject *p) {
#ifdef DUK_USE_REFERENCE_COUNTING
	duk_hobject *tmp;

	DUK_ASSERT(h);
	tmp = DUK_HOBJECT_GET_PROTOTYPE(thr->heap, h);
	DUK_HOBJECT_SET_PROTOTYPE(thr->heap, h, p);
	DUK_HOBJECT_INCREF_ALLOWNULL(thr, p);  /* avoid problems if p == h->prototype */
	DUK_HOBJECT_DECREF_ALLOWNULL(thr, tmp);
#else
	DUK_ASSERT(h);
	DUK_UNREF(thr);
	DUK_HOBJECT_SET_PROTOTYPE(thr->heap, h, p);
#endif
}
/*
 *  Helpers for creating and querying pc2line debug data, which
 *  converts a bytecode program counter to a source line number.
 *
 *  The run-time pc2line data is bit-packed, and documented in:
 *
 *    doc/function-objects.rst
 */

/* include removed: duk_internal.h */

#if defined(DUK_USE_PC2LINE)

/* Generate pc2line data for an instruction sequence, leaving a buffer on stack top. */
DUK_INTERNAL void duk_hobject_pc2line_pack(duk_hthread *thr, duk_compiler_instr *instrs, duk_uint_fast32_t length) {
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk_hbuffer_dynamic *h_buf;
	duk_bitencoder_ctx be_ctx_alloc;
	duk_bitencoder_ctx *be_ctx = &be_ctx_alloc;
	duk_uint32_t *hdr;
	duk_size_t new_size;
	duk_uint_fast32_t num_header_entries;
	duk_uint_fast32_t curr_offset;
	duk_int_fast32_t curr_line, next_line, diff_line;
	duk_uint_fast32_t curr_pc;
	duk_uint_fast32_t hdr_index;

	DUK_ASSERT(length <= DUK_COMPILER_MAX_BYTECODE_LENGTH);

	/* XXX: add proper spare handling to dynamic buffer, to minimize
	 * reallocs; currently there is no spare at all.
	 */

	num_header_entries = (length + DUK_PC2LINE_SKIP - 1) / DUK_PC2LINE_SKIP;
	curr_offset = (duk_uint_fast32_t) (sizeof(duk_uint32_t) + num_header_entries * sizeof(duk_uint32_t) * 2);

	duk_push_dynamic_buffer(ctx, (duk_size_t) curr_offset);
	h_buf = (duk_hbuffer_dynamic *) duk_get_hbuffer(ctx, -1);
	DUK_ASSERT(h_buf != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HBUFFER_HAS_DYNAMIC(h_buf) && !DUK_HBUFFER_HAS_EXTERNAL(h_buf));

	hdr = (duk_uint32_t *) DUK_HBUFFER_DYNAMIC_GET_DATA_PTR(thr->heap, h_buf);
	DUK_ASSERT(hdr != NULL);
	hdr[0] = (duk_uint32_t) length;  /* valid pc range is [0, length[ */

	curr_pc = 0U;
	while (curr_pc < length) {
		new_size = (duk_size_t) (curr_offset + DUK_PC2LINE_MAX_DIFF_LENGTH);
		duk_hbuffer_resize(thr, h_buf, new_size);

		hdr = (duk_uint32_t *) DUK_HBUFFER_DYNAMIC_GET_DATA_PTR(thr->heap, h_buf);
		DUK_ASSERT(hdr != NULL);
		DUK_ASSERT(curr_pc < length);
		hdr_index = 1 + (curr_pc / DUK_PC2LINE_SKIP) * 2;
		curr_line = (duk_int_fast32_t) instrs[curr_pc].line;
		hdr[hdr_index + 0] = (duk_uint32_t) curr_line;
		hdr[hdr_index + 1] = (duk_uint32_t) curr_offset;

#if 0
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("hdr[%ld]: pc=%ld line=%ld offset=%ld",
		                     (long) (curr_pc / DUK_PC2LINE_SKIP),
		                     (long) curr_pc,
		                     (long) hdr[hdr_index + 0],
		                     (long) hdr[hdr_index + 1]));
#endif

		DUK_MEMZERO(be_ctx, sizeof(*be_ctx));
		be_ctx->data = ((duk_uint8_t *) hdr) + curr_offset;
		be_ctx->length = (duk_size_t) DUK_PC2LINE_MAX_DIFF_LENGTH;

		for (;;) {
			curr_pc++;
			if ( ((curr_pc % DUK_PC2LINE_SKIP) == 0) ||  /* end of diff run */
			     (curr_pc >= length) ) {                 /* end of bytecode */
				break;
			}
			DUK_ASSERT(curr_pc < length);
			next_line = (duk_int32_t) instrs[curr_pc].line;
			diff_line = next_line - curr_line;

#if 0
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("curr_line=%ld, next_line=%ld -> diff_line=%ld",
			                     (long) curr_line, (long) next_line, (long) diff_line));
#endif

			if (diff_line == 0) {
				/* 0 */
				duk_be_encode(be_ctx, 0, 1);
			} else if (diff_line >= 1 && diff_line <= 4) {
				/* 1 0 <2 bits> */
				duk_be_encode(be_ctx, (0x02 << 2) + (diff_line - 1), 4);
			} else if (diff_line >= -0x80 && diff_line <= 0x7f) {
				/* 1 1 0 <8 bits> */
				DUK_ASSERT(diff_line + 0x80 >= 0 && diff_line + 0x80 <= 0xff);
				duk_be_encode(be_ctx, (0x06 << 8) + (diff_line + 0x80), 11);
			} else {
				/* 1 1 1 <32 bits>
				 * Encode in two parts to avoid bitencode 24-bit limitation
				 */
				duk_be_encode(be_ctx, (0x07 << 16) + ((next_line >> 16) & 0xffffU), 19);
				duk_be_encode(be_ctx, next_line & 0xffffU, 16);
			}

			curr_line = next_line;
		}

		duk_be_finish(be_ctx);
		DUK_ASSERT(!be_ctx->truncated);

		/* be_ctx->offset == length of encoded bitstream */
		curr_offset += (duk_uint_fast32_t) be_ctx->offset;
	}

	/* compact */
	new_size = (duk_size_t) curr_offset;
	duk_hbuffer_resize(thr, h_buf, new_size);

	(void) duk_to_fixed_buffer(ctx, -1, NULL);

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("final pc2line data: pc_limit=%ld, length=%ld, %lf bits/opcode --> %!ixT",
	                     (long) length, (long) new_size, (double) new_size * 8.0 / (double) length,
	                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));
}

/* PC is unsigned.  If caller does PC arithmetic and gets a negative result,
 * it will map to a large PC which is out of bounds and causes a zero to be
 * returned.
 */
DUK_LOCAL duk_uint_fast32_t duk__hobject_pc2line_query_raw(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hbuffer_fixed *buf, duk_uint_fast32_t pc) {
	duk_bitdecoder_ctx bd_ctx_alloc;
	duk_bitdecoder_ctx *bd_ctx = &bd_ctx_alloc;
	duk_uint32_t *hdr;
	duk_uint_fast32_t start_offset;
	duk_uint_fast32_t pc_limit;
	duk_uint_fast32_t hdr_index;
	duk_uint_fast32_t pc_base;
	duk_uint_fast32_t n;
	duk_uint_fast32_t curr_line;

	DUK_ASSERT(buf != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HBUFFER_HAS_DYNAMIC((duk_hbuffer *) buf) && !DUK_HBUFFER_HAS_EXTERNAL((duk_hbuffer *) buf));
	DUK_UNREF(thr);

	/*
	 *  Use the index in the header to find the right starting point
	 */

	hdr_index = pc / DUK_PC2LINE_SKIP;
	pc_base = hdr_index * DUK_PC2LINE_SKIP;
	n = pc - pc_base;

	if (DUK_HBUFFER_FIXED_GET_SIZE(buf) <= sizeof(duk_uint32_t)) {
		DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("pc2line lookup failed: buffer is smaller than minimal header"));
		goto error;
	}

	hdr = (duk_uint32_t *) (void *) DUK_HBUFFER_FIXED_GET_DATA_PTR(thr->heap, buf);
	pc_limit = hdr[0];
	if (pc >= pc_limit) {
		/* Note: pc is unsigned and cannot be negative */
		DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("pc2line lookup failed: pc out of bounds (pc=%ld, limit=%ld)",
		                   (long) pc, (long) pc_limit));
		goto error;
	}

	curr_line = hdr[1 + hdr_index * 2];
	start_offset = hdr[1 + hdr_index * 2 + 1];
	if ((duk_size_t) start_offset > DUK_HBUFFER_FIXED_GET_SIZE(buf)) {
		DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("pc2line lookup failed: start_offset out of bounds (start_offset=%ld, buffer_size=%ld)",
		                   (long) start_offset, (long) DUK_HBUFFER_GET_SIZE((duk_hbuffer *) buf)));
		goto error;
	}

	/*
	 *  Iterate the bitstream (line diffs) until PC is reached
	 */

	DUK_MEMZERO(bd_ctx, sizeof(*bd_ctx));
	bd_ctx->data = ((duk_uint8_t *) hdr) + start_offset;
	bd_ctx->length = (duk_size_t) (DUK_HBUFFER_FIXED_GET_SIZE(buf) - start_offset);

#if 0
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("pc2line lookup: pc=%ld -> hdr_index=%ld, pc_base=%ld, n=%ld, start_offset=%ld",
	                     (long) pc, (long) hdr_index, (long) pc_base, (long) n, (long) start_offset));
#endif

	while (n > 0) {
#if 0
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("lookup: n=%ld, curr_line=%ld", (long) n, (long) curr_line));
#endif

		if (duk_bd_decode_flag(bd_ctx)) {
			if (duk_bd_decode_flag(bd_ctx)) {
				if (duk_bd_decode_flag(bd_ctx)) {
					/* 1 1 1 <32 bits> */
					duk_uint_fast32_t t;
					t = duk_bd_decode(bd_ctx, 16);  /* workaround: max nbits = 24 now */
					t = (t << 16) + duk_bd_decode(bd_ctx, 16);
					curr_line = t;
				} else {
					/* 1 1 0 <8 bits> */
					duk_uint_fast32_t t;
					t = duk_bd_decode(bd_ctx, 8);
					curr_line = curr_line + t - 0x80;
				}
			} else {
				/* 1 0 <2 bits> */
				duk_uint_fast32_t t;
				t = duk_bd_decode(bd_ctx, 2);
				curr_line = curr_line + t + 1;
			}
		} else {
			/* 0: no change */
		}

		n--;
	}

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("pc2line lookup result: pc %ld -> line %ld", (long) pc, (long) curr_line));
	return curr_line;

 error:
	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("pc2line conversion failed for pc=%ld", (long) pc));
	return 0;
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_uint_fast32_t duk_hobject_pc2line_query(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t idx_func, duk_uint_fast32_t pc) {
	duk_hbuffer_fixed *pc2line;
	duk_uint_fast32_t line;

	/* XXX: now that pc2line is used by the debugger quite heavily in
	 * checked execution, this should be optimized to avoid value stack
	 * and perhaps also implement some form of pc2line caching (see
	 * future work in debugger.rst).
	 */

	duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, idx_func, DUK_STRIDX_INT_PC2LINE);
	pc2line = (duk_hbuffer_fixed *) duk_get_hbuffer(ctx, -1);
	if (pc2line != NULL) {
		DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HBUFFER_HAS_DYNAMIC((duk_hbuffer *) pc2line) && !DUK_HBUFFER_HAS_EXTERNAL((duk_hbuffer *) pc2line));
		line = duk__hobject_pc2line_query_raw((duk_hthread *) ctx, pc2line, (duk_uint_fast32_t) pc);
	} else {
		line = 0;
	}
	duk_pop(ctx);

	return line;
}

#endif  /* DUK_USE_PC2LINE */
/*
 *  Hobject property set/get functionality.
 *
 *  This is very central functionality for size, performance, and compliance.
 *  It is also rather intricate; see hobject-algorithms.rst for discussion on
 *  the algorithms and memory-management.rst for discussion on refcounts and
 *  side effect issues.
 *
 *  Notes:
 *
 *    - It might be tempting to assert "refcount nonzero" for objects
 *      being operated on, but that's not always correct: objects with
 *      a zero refcount may be operated on by the refcount implementation
 *      (finalization) for instance.  Hence, no refcount assertions are made.
 *
 *    - Many operations (memory allocation, identifier operations, etc)
 *      may cause arbitrary side effects (e.g. through GC and finalization).
 *      These side effects may invalidate duk_tval pointers which point to
 *      areas subject to reallocation (like value stack).  Heap objects
 *      themselves have stable pointers.  Holding heap object pointers or
 *      duk_tval copies is not problematic with respect to side effects;
 *      care must be taken when holding and using argument duk_tval pointers.
 *
 *    - If a finalizer is executed, it may operate on the the same object
 *      we're currently dealing with.  For instance, the finalizer might
 *      delete a certain property which has already been looked up and
 *      confirmed to exist.  Ideally finalizers would be disabled if GC
 *      happens during property access.  At the moment property table realloc
 *      disables finalizers, and all DECREFs may cause arbitrary changes so
 *      handle DECREF carefully.
 *
 *    - The order of operations for a DECREF matters.  When DECREF is executed,
 *      the entire object graph must be consistent; note that a refzero may
 *      lead to a mark-and-sweep through a refcount finalizer.
 */

/*
 *  XXX: array indices are mostly typed as duk_uint32_t here; duk_uarridx_t
 *  might be more appropriate.
 */

/*
 *  XXX: duk_uint_fast32_t should probably be used in many places here.
 */

/* include removed: duk_internal.h */

/*
 *  Local defines
 */

#define DUK__NO_ARRAY_INDEX             DUK_HSTRING_NO_ARRAY_INDEX

/* hash probe sequence */
#define DUK__HASH_INITIAL(hash,h_size)  DUK_HOBJECT_HASH_INITIAL((hash),(h_size))
#define DUK__HASH_PROBE_STEP(hash)      DUK_HOBJECT_HASH_PROBE_STEP((hash))

/* marker values for hash part */
#define DUK__HASH_UNUSED                DUK_HOBJECT_HASHIDX_UNUSED
#define DUK__HASH_DELETED               DUK_HOBJECT_HASHIDX_DELETED

/* valstack space that suffices for all local calls, including recursion
 * of other than Duktape calls (getters etc)
 */
#define DUK__VALSTACK_SPACE             10

/* valstack space allocated especially for proxy lookup which does a
 * recursive property lookup
 */
#define DUK__VALSTACK_PROXY_LOOKUP      20

/*
 *  Local prototypes
 */

DUK_LOCAL_DECL duk_bool_t duk__check_arguments_map_for_get(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj, duk_hstring *key, duk_propdesc *temp_desc);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__check_arguments_map_for_put(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj, duk_hstring *key, duk_propdesc *temp_desc, duk_bool_t throw_flag);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__check_arguments_map_for_delete(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj, duk_hstring *key, duk_propdesc *temp_desc);

DUK_LOCAL_DECL duk_bool_t duk__handle_put_array_length_smaller(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj, duk_uint32_t old_len, duk_uint32_t new_len, duk_bool_t force_flag, duk_uint32_t *out_result_len);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL duk_bool_t duk__handle_put_array_length(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj);

DUK_LOCAL_DECL duk_bool_t duk__get_propdesc(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj, duk_hstring *key, duk_propdesc *out_desc, duk_small_uint_t flags);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL duk_bool_t duk__get_own_propdesc_raw(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj, duk_hstring *key, duk_uint32_t arr_idx, duk_propdesc *out_desc, duk_small_uint_t flags);
DUK_LOCAL duk_uint32_t duk__get_old_array_length(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj, duk_propdesc *temp_desc);

/*
 *  Misc helpers
 */

/* Convert a duk_tval number (caller checks) to a 32-bit index.  Returns
 * DUK__NO_ARRAY_INDEX if the number is not whole or not a valid array
 * index.
 */
/* XXX: for fastints, could use a variant which assumes a double duk_tval
 * (and doesn't need to check for fastint again).
 */
DUK_LOCAL duk_uint32_t duk__tval_number_to_arr_idx(duk_tval *tv) {
	duk_double_t dbl;
	duk_uint32_t idx;

	DUK_ASSERT(tv != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv));

	/* -0 is accepted here as index 0 because ToString(-0) == "0" which is
	 * in canonical form and thus an array index.
	 */
	dbl = DUK_TVAL_GET_NUMBER(tv);
	idx = (duk_uint32_t) dbl;
	if ((duk_double_t) idx == dbl) {
	        /* Is whole and within 32 bit range.  If the value happens to be 0xFFFFFFFF,
		 * it's not a valid array index but will then match DUK__NO_ARRAY_INDEX.
		 */
		return idx;
	}
	return DUK__NO_ARRAY_INDEX;
}

#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
/* Convert a duk_tval fastint (caller checks) to a 32-bit index. */
DUK_LOCAL duk_uint32_t duk__tval_fastint_to_arr_idx(duk_tval *tv) {
	duk_int64_t t;

	DUK_ASSERT(tv != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_FASTINT(tv));

	t = DUK_TVAL_GET_FASTINT(tv);
	if ((t & ~0xffffffffULL) != 0) {
		/* Catches >0x100000000 and negative values. */
		return DUK__NO_ARRAY_INDEX;
	}

	/* If the value happens to be 0xFFFFFFFF, it's not a valid array index
	 * but will then match DUK__NO_ARRAY_INDEX.
	 */
	return (duk_uint32_t) t;
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_FASTINT */

/* Push an arbitrary duk_tval to the stack, coerce it to string, and return
 * both a duk_hstring pointer and an array index (or DUK__NO_ARRAY_INDEX).
 */
DUK_LOCAL duk_uint32_t duk__push_tval_to_hstring_arr_idx(duk_context *ctx, duk_tval *tv, duk_hstring **out_h) {
	duk_uint32_t arr_idx;
	duk_hstring *h;

	DUK_ASSERT(ctx != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(tv != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(out_h != NULL);

	duk_push_tval(ctx, tv);
	duk_to_string(ctx, -1);
	h = duk_get_hstring(ctx, -1);
	DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);
	*out_h = h;

	arr_idx = DUK_HSTRING_GET_ARRIDX_FAST(h);
	return arr_idx;
}

/* String is an own (virtual) property of a lightfunc. */
DUK_LOCAL duk_bool_t duk__key_is_lightfunc_ownprop(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hstring *key) {
	DUK_UNREF(thr);
	return (key == DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_LENGTH(thr) ||
	        key == DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_NAME(thr));
}

/*
 *  Helpers for managing property storage size
 */

/* Get default hash part size for a certain entry part size. */
#if defined(DUK_USE_HOBJECT_HASH_PART)
DUK_LOCAL duk_uint32_t duk__get_default_h_size(duk_uint32_t e_size) {
	DUK_ASSERT(e_size <= DUK_HOBJECT_MAX_PROPERTIES);

	if (e_size >= DUK_HOBJECT_E_USE_HASH_LIMIT) {
		duk_uint32_t res;

		/* result: hash_prime(floor(1.2 * e_size)) */
		res = duk_util_get_hash_prime(e_size + e_size / DUK_HOBJECT_H_SIZE_DIVISOR);

		/* if fails, e_size will be zero = not an issue, except performance-wise */
		DUK_ASSERT(res == 0 || res > e_size);
		return res;
	} else {
		return 0;
	}
}
#endif  /* USE_PROP_HASH_PART */

/* Get minimum entry part growth for a certain size. */
DUK_LOCAL duk_uint32_t duk__get_min_grow_e(duk_uint32_t e_size) {
	duk_uint32_t res;

	DUK_ASSERT(e_size <= DUK_HOBJECT_MAX_PROPERTIES);

	res = (e_size + DUK_HOBJECT_E_MIN_GROW_ADD) / DUK_HOBJECT_E_MIN_GROW_DIVISOR;
	DUK_ASSERT(res >= 1);  /* important for callers */
	return res;
}

/* Get minimum array part growth for a certain size. */
DUK_LOCAL duk_uint32_t duk__get_min_grow_a(duk_uint32_t a_size) {
	duk_uint32_t res;

	DUK_ASSERT((duk_size_t) a_size <= DUK_HOBJECT_MAX_PROPERTIES);

	res = (a_size + DUK_HOBJECT_A_MIN_GROW_ADD) / DUK_HOBJECT_A_MIN_GROW_DIVISOR;
	DUK_ASSERT(res >= 1);  /* important for callers */
	return res;
}

/* Count actually used entry part entries (non-NULL keys). */
DUK_LOCAL duk_uint32_t duk__count_used_e_keys(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj) {
	duk_uint_fast32_t i;
	duk_uint_fast32_t n = 0;
	duk_hstring **e;

	DUK_ASSERT(obj != NULL);
	DUK_UNREF(thr);

	e = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_KEY_BASE(thr->heap, obj);
	for (i = 0; i < DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ENEXT(obj); i++) {
		if (*e++) {
			n++;
		}
	}
	return (duk_uint32_t) n;
}

/* Count actually used array part entries and array minimum size.
 * NOTE: 'out_min_size' can be computed much faster by starting from the
 * end and breaking out early when finding first used entry, but this is
 * not needed now.
 */
DUK_LOCAL void duk__compute_a_stats(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj, duk_uint32_t *out_used, duk_uint32_t *out_min_size) {
	duk_uint_fast32_t i;
	duk_uint_fast32_t used = 0;
	duk_uint_fast32_t highest_idx = (duk_uint_fast32_t) -1;  /* see below */
	duk_tval *a;

	DUK_ASSERT(obj != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(out_used != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(out_min_size != NULL);
	DUK_UNREF(thr);

	a = DUK_HOBJECT_A_GET_BASE(thr->heap, obj);
	for (i = 0; i < DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ASIZE(obj); i++) {
		duk_tval *tv = a++;
		if (!DUK_TVAL_IS_UNUSED(tv)) {
			used++;
			highest_idx = i;
		}
	}

	/* Initial value for highest_idx is -1 coerced to unsigned.  This
	 * is a bit odd, but (highest_idx + 1) will then wrap to 0 below
	 * for out_min_size as intended.
	 */

	*out_used = used;
	*out_min_size = highest_idx + 1;  /* 0 if no used entries */
}

/* Check array density and indicate whether or not the array part should be abandoned. */
DUK_LOCAL duk_bool_t duk__abandon_array_density_check(duk_uint32_t a_used, duk_uint32_t a_size) {
	/*
	 *  Array abandon check; abandon if:
	 *
	 *    new_used / new_size < limit
	 *    new_used < limit * new_size        || limit is 3 bits fixed point
	 *    new_used < limit' / 8 * new_size   || *8
	 *    8*new_used < limit' * new_size     || :8
	 *    new_used < limit' * (new_size / 8)
	 *
	 *  Here, new_used = a_used, new_size = a_size.
	 *
	 *  Note: some callers use approximate values for a_used and/or a_size
	 *  (e.g. dropping a '+1' term).  This doesn't affect the usefulness
	 *  of the check, but may confuse debugging.
	 */

	return (a_used < DUK_HOBJECT_A_ABANDON_LIMIT * (a_size >> 3));
}

/* Fast check for extending array: check whether or not a slow density check is required. */
DUK_LOCAL duk_bool_t duk__abandon_array_slow_check_required(duk_uint32_t arr_idx, duk_uint32_t old_size) {
	/*
	 *  In a fast check we assume old_size equals old_used (i.e., existing
	 *  array is fully dense).
	 *
	 *  Slow check if:
	 *
	 *    (new_size - old_size) / old_size > limit
	 *    new_size - old_size > limit * old_size
	 *    new_size > (1 + limit) * old_size        || limit' is 3 bits fixed point
	 *    new_size > (1 + (limit' / 8)) * old_size || * 8
	 *    8 * new_size > (8 + limit') * old_size   || : 8
	 *    new_size > (8 + limit') * (old_size / 8)
	 *    new_size > limit'' * (old_size / 8)      || limit'' = 9 -> max 25% increase
	 *    arr_idx + 1 > limit'' * (old_size / 8)
	 *
	 *  This check doesn't work well for small values, so old_size is rounded
	 *  up for the check (and the '+ 1' of arr_idx can be ignored in practice):
	 *
	 *    arr_idx > limit'' * ((old_size + 7) / 8)
	 */

	return (arr_idx > DUK_HOBJECT_A_FAST_RESIZE_LIMIT * ((old_size + 7) >> 3));
}

/*
 *  Proxy helpers
 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_ES6_PROXY)
DUK_INTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_hobject_proxy_check(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj, duk_hobject **out_target, duk_hobject **out_handler) {
	duk_tval *tv_target;
	duk_tval *tv_handler;
	duk_hobject *h_target;
	duk_hobject *h_handler;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(obj != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(out_target != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(out_handler != NULL);

	/* Caller doesn't need to check exotic proxy behavior (but does so for
	 * some fast paths).
	 */
	if (DUK_LIKELY(!DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_PROXYOBJ(obj))) {
		return 0;
	}

	tv_handler = duk_hobject_find_existing_entry_tval_ptr(thr->heap, obj, DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_INT_HANDLER(thr));
	if (!tv_handler) {
		DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, DUK_STR_PROXY_REVOKED);
		return 0;
	}
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_OBJECT(tv_handler));
	h_handler = DUK_TVAL_GET_OBJECT(tv_handler);
	DUK_ASSERT(h_handler != NULL);
	*out_handler = h_handler;
	tv_handler = NULL;  /* avoid issues with relocation */

	tv_target = duk_hobject_find_existing_entry_tval_ptr(thr->heap, obj, DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_INT_TARGET(thr));
	if (!tv_target) {
		DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, DUK_STR_PROXY_REVOKED);
		return 0;
	}
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_OBJECT(tv_target));
	h_target = DUK_TVAL_GET_OBJECT(tv_target);
	DUK_ASSERT(h_target != NULL);
	*out_target = h_target;
	tv_target = NULL;  /* avoid issues with relocation */

	return 1;
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_ES6_PROXY */

/* Get Proxy target object.  If the argument is not a Proxy, return it as is.
 * If a Proxy is revoked, an error is thrown.
 */
#if defined(DUK_USE_ES6_PROXY)
DUK_INTERNAL duk_hobject *duk_hobject_resolve_proxy_target(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj) {
	duk_hobject *h_target;
	duk_hobject *h_handler;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(obj != NULL);

	/* Resolve Proxy targets until Proxy chain ends.  No explicit check for
	 * a Proxy loop: user code cannot create such a loop without tweaking
	 * internal properties directly.
	 */

	while (DUK_UNLIKELY(DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_PROXYOBJ(obj))) {
		if (duk_hobject_proxy_check(thr, obj, &h_target, &h_handler)) {
			DUK_ASSERT(h_target != NULL);
			obj = h_target;
		} else {
			break;
		}
	}

	DUK_ASSERT(obj != NULL);
	return obj;
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_ES6_PROXY */

#if defined(DUK_USE_ES6_PROXY)
DUK_LOCAL duk_bool_t duk__proxy_check_prop(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj, duk_small_uint_t stridx_trap, duk_tval *tv_key, duk_hobject **out_target) {
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk_hobject *h_handler;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(obj != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(tv_key != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(out_target != NULL);

	if (!duk_hobject_proxy_check(thr, obj, out_target, &h_handler)) {
		return 0;
	}
	DUK_ASSERT(*out_target != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(h_handler != NULL);

	/* XXX: At the moment Duktape accesses internal keys like _Finalizer using a
	 * normal property set/get which would allow a proxy handler to interfere with
	 * such behavior and to get access to internal key strings.  This is not a problem
	 * as such because internal key strings can be created in other ways too (e.g.
	 * through buffers).  The best fix is to change Duktape internal lookups to
	 * skip proxy behavior.  Until that, internal property accesses bypass the
	 * proxy and are applied to the target (as if the handler did not exist).
	 * This has some side effects, see test-bi-proxy-internal-keys.js.
	 */

	if (DUK_TVAL_IS_STRING(tv_key)) {
		duk_hstring *h_key = (duk_hstring *) DUK_TVAL_GET_STRING(tv_key);
		DUK_ASSERT(h_key != NULL);
		if (DUK_HSTRING_HAS_INTERNAL(h_key)) {
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("internal key, skip proxy handler and apply to target"));
			return 0;
		}
	}

	/* The handler is looked up with a normal property lookup; it may be an
	 * accessor or the handler object itself may be a proxy object.  If the
	 * handler is a proxy, we need to extend the valstack as we make a
	 * recursive proxy check without a function call in between (in fact
	 * there is no limit to the potential recursion here).
	 *
	 * (For sanity, proxy creation rejects another proxy object as either
	 * the handler or the target at the moment so recursive proxy cases
	 * are not realized now.)
	 */

	/* XXX: C recursion limit if proxies are allowed as handler/target values */

	duk_require_stack(ctx, DUK__VALSTACK_PROXY_LOOKUP);
	duk_push_hobject(ctx, h_handler);
	if (duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, -1, stridx_trap)) {
		/* -> [ ... handler trap ] */
		duk_insert(ctx, -2);  /* -> [ ... trap handler ] */

		/* stack prepped for func call: [ ... trap handler ] */
		return 1;
	} else {
		duk_pop_2(ctx);
		return 0;
	}
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_ES6_PROXY */

/*
 *  Reallocate property allocation, moving properties to the new allocation.
 *
 *  Includes key compaction, rehashing, and can also optionally abandoning
 *  the array part, 'migrating' array entries into the beginning of the
 *  new entry part.  Arguments are not validated here, so e.g. new_h_size
 *  MUST be a valid prime.
 *
 *  There is no support for in-place reallocation or just compacting keys
 *  without resizing the property allocation.  This is intentional to keep
 *  code size minimal.
 *
 *  The implementation is relatively straightforward, except for the array
 *  abandonment process.  Array abandonment requires that new string keys
 *  are interned, which may trigger GC.  All keys interned so far must be
 *  reachable for GC at all times; valstack is used for that now.
 *
 *  Also, a GC triggered during this reallocation process must not interfere
 *  with the object being resized.  This is currently controlled by using
 *  heap->mark_and_sweep_base_flags to indicate that no finalizers will be
 *  executed (as they can affect ANY object) and no objects are compacted
 *  (it would suffice to protect this particular object only, though).
 *
 *  Note: a non-checked variant would be nice but is a bit tricky to
 *  implement for the array abandonment process.  It's easy for
 *  everything else.
 *
 *  Note: because we need to potentially resize the valstack (as part
 *  of abandoning the array part), any tval pointers to the valstack
 *  will become invalid after this call.
 */

DUK_LOCAL
void duk__realloc_props(duk_hthread *thr,
                        duk_hobject *obj,
                        duk_uint32_t new_e_size,
                        duk_uint32_t new_a_size,
                        duk_uint32_t new_h_size,
                        duk_bool_t abandon_array) {
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
#ifdef DUK_USE_MARK_AND_SWEEP
	duk_small_uint_t prev_mark_and_sweep_base_flags;
#endif
	duk_uint32_t new_alloc_size;
	duk_uint32_t new_e_size_adjusted;
	duk_uint8_t *new_p;
	duk_hstring **new_e_k;
	duk_propvalue *new_e_pv;
	duk_uint8_t *new_e_f;
	duk_tval *new_a;
	duk_uint32_t *new_h;
	duk_uint32_t new_e_next;
	duk_uint_fast32_t i;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(ctx != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(obj != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(!abandon_array || new_a_size == 0);  /* if abandon_array, new_a_size must be 0 */
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_GET_PROPS(thr->heap, obj) != NULL || (DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ESIZE(obj) == 0 && DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ASIZE(obj) == 0));
	DUK_ASSERT(new_h_size == 0 || new_h_size >= new_e_size);  /* required to guarantee success of rehashing,
	                                                           * intentionally use unadjusted new_e_size
	                                                           */
	DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_READONLY((duk_heaphdr *) obj));
	DUK_ASSERT_VALSTACK_SPACE(thr, DUK__VALSTACK_SPACE);

	/*
	 *  Pre resize assertions.
	 */

#ifdef DUK_USE_ASSERTIONS
	/* XXX: pre-checks (such as no duplicate keys) */
#endif

	/*
	 *  For property layout 1, tweak e_size to ensure that the whole entry
	 *  part (key + val + flags) is a suitable multiple for alignment
	 *  (platform specific).
	 *
	 *  Property layout 2 does not require this tweaking and is preferred
	 *  on low RAM platforms requiring alignment.
	 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_HOBJECT_LAYOUT_2) || defined(DUK_USE_HOBJECT_LAYOUT_3)
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("using layout 2 or 3, no need to pad e_size: %ld", (long) new_e_size));
	new_e_size_adjusted = new_e_size;
#elif defined(DUK_USE_HOBJECT_LAYOUT_1) && (DUK_HOBJECT_ALIGN_TARGET == 1)
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("using layout 1, but no need to pad e_size: %ld", (long) new_e_size));
	new_e_size_adjusted = new_e_size;
#elif defined(DUK_USE_HOBJECT_LAYOUT_1) && ((DUK_HOBJECT_ALIGN_TARGET == 4) || (DUK_HOBJECT_ALIGN_TARGET == 8))
	new_e_size_adjusted = (new_e_size + DUK_HOBJECT_ALIGN_TARGET - 1) & (~(DUK_HOBJECT_ALIGN_TARGET - 1));
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("using layout 1, and alignment target is %ld, adjusted e_size: %ld -> %ld",
	                     (long) DUK_HOBJECT_ALIGN_TARGET, (long) new_e_size, (long) new_e_size_adjusted));
	DUK_ASSERT(new_e_size_adjusted >= new_e_size);
#else
#error invalid hobject layout defines
#endif

	/*
	 *  Debug logging after adjustment.
	 */

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("attempt to resize hobject %p props (%ld -> %ld bytes), from {p=%p,e_size=%ld,e_next=%ld,a_size=%ld,h_size=%ld} to "
	                     "{e_size=%ld,a_size=%ld,h_size=%ld}, abandon_array=%ld, unadjusted new_e_size=%ld",
	                     (void *) obj,
	                     (long) DUK_HOBJECT_P_COMPUTE_SIZE(DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ESIZE(obj),
	                                                       DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ASIZE(obj),
	                                                       DUK_HOBJECT_GET_HSIZE(obj)),
	                     (long) DUK_HOBJECT_P_COMPUTE_SIZE(new_e_size_adjusted, new_a_size, new_h_size),
	                     (void *) DUK_HOBJECT_GET_PROPS(thr->heap, obj),
	                     (long) DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ESIZE(obj),
	                     (long) DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ENEXT(obj),
	                     (long) DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ASIZE(obj),
	                     (long) DUK_HOBJECT_GET_HSIZE(obj),
	                     (long) new_e_size_adjusted,
	                     (long) new_a_size,
	                     (long) new_h_size,
	                     (long) abandon_array,
	                     (long) new_e_size));

	/*
	 *  Property count check.  This is the only point where we ensure that
	 *  we don't get more (allocated) property space that we can handle.
	 *  There aren't hard limits as such, but some algorithms fail (e.g.
	 *  finding next higher prime, selecting hash part size) if we get too
	 *  close to the 4G property limit.
	 *
	 *  Since this works based on allocation size (not actually used size),
	 *  the limit is a bit approximate but good enough in practice.
	 */

	if (new_e_size_adjusted + new_a_size > DUK_HOBJECT_MAX_PROPERTIES) {
		DUK_ERROR_ALLOC_DEFMSG(thr);
	}

	/*
	 *  Compute new alloc size and alloc new area.
	 *
	 *  The new area is allocated as a dynamic buffer and placed into the
	 *  valstack for reachability.  The actual buffer is then detached at
	 *  the end.
	 *
	 *  Note: heap_mark_and_sweep_base_flags are altered here to ensure
	 *  no-one touches this object while we're resizing and rehashing it.
	 *  The flags must be reset on every exit path after it.  Finalizers
	 *  and compaction is prevented currently for all objects while it
	 *  would be enough to restrict it only for the current object.
	 */

#ifdef DUK_USE_MARK_AND_SWEEP
	prev_mark_and_sweep_base_flags = thr->heap->mark_and_sweep_base_flags;
	thr->heap->mark_and_sweep_base_flags |=
	        DUK_MS_FLAG_NO_FINALIZERS |         /* avoid attempts to add/remove object keys */
	        DUK_MS_FLAG_NO_OBJECT_COMPACTION;   /* avoid attempt to compact the current object */
#endif

	new_alloc_size = DUK_HOBJECT_P_COMPUTE_SIZE(new_e_size_adjusted, new_a_size, new_h_size);
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("new hobject allocation size is %ld", (long) new_alloc_size));
	if (new_alloc_size == 0) {
		/* for zero size, don't push anything on valstack */
		DUK_ASSERT(new_e_size_adjusted == 0);
		DUK_ASSERT(new_a_size == 0);
		DUK_ASSERT(new_h_size == 0);
		new_p = NULL;
	} else {
		/* This may trigger mark-and-sweep with arbitrary side effects,
		 * including an attempted resize of the object we're resizing,
		 * executing a finalizer which may add or remove properties of
		 * the object we're resizing etc.
		 */

		/* Note: buffer is dynamic so that we can 'steal' the actual
		 * allocation later.
		 */

		new_p = (duk_uint8_t *) duk_push_dynamic_buffer(ctx, new_alloc_size);  /* errors out if out of memory */
		DUK_ASSERT(new_p != NULL);  /* since new_alloc_size > 0 */
	}

	/* Set up pointers to the new property area: this is hidden behind a macro
	 * because it is memory layout specific.
	 */
	DUK_HOBJECT_P_SET_REALLOC_PTRS(new_p, new_e_k, new_e_pv, new_e_f, new_a, new_h,
	                               new_e_size_adjusted, new_a_size, new_h_size);
	DUK_UNREF(new_h);  /* happens when hash part dropped */
	new_e_next = 0;

	/* if new_p == NULL, all of these pointers are NULL */
	DUK_ASSERT((new_p != NULL) ||
	           (new_e_k == NULL && new_e_pv == NULL && new_e_f == NULL &&
	            new_a == NULL && new_h == NULL));

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("new alloc size %ld, new_e_k=%p, new_e_pv=%p, new_e_f=%p, new_a=%p, new_h=%p",
	                     (long) new_alloc_size, (void *) new_e_k, (void *) new_e_pv, (void *) new_e_f,
	                     (void *) new_a, (void *) new_h));

	/*
	 *  Migrate array to start of entries if requested.
	 *
	 *  Note: from an enumeration perspective the order of entry keys matters.
	 *  Array keys should appear wherever they appeared before the array abandon
	 *  operation.
	 */

	if (abandon_array) {
		/*
		 *  Note: assuming new_a_size == 0, and that entry part contains
		 *  no conflicting keys, refcounts do not need to be adjusted for
		 *  the values, as they remain exactly the same.
		 *
		 *  The keys, however, need to be interned, incref'd, and be
		 *  reachable for GC.  Any intern attempt may trigger a GC and
		 *  claim any non-reachable strings, so every key must be reachable
		 *  at all times.
		 *
		 *  A longjmp must not occur here, as the new_p allocation would
		 *  be freed without these keys being decref'd, hence the messy
		 *  decref handling if intern fails.
		 */
		DUK_ASSERT(new_a_size == 0);

		for (i = 0; i < DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ASIZE(obj); i++) {
			duk_tval *tv1;
			duk_tval *tv2;
			duk_hstring *key;

			DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_GET_PROPS(thr->heap, obj) != NULL);

			tv1 = DUK_HOBJECT_A_GET_VALUE_PTR(thr->heap, obj, i);
			if (DUK_TVAL_IS_UNUSED(tv1)) {
				continue;
			}

			DUK_ASSERT(new_p != NULL && new_e_k != NULL &&
			           new_e_pv != NULL && new_e_f != NULL);

			/*
			 *  Intern key via the valstack to ensure reachability behaves
			 *  properly.  We must avoid longjmp's here so use non-checked
			 *  primitives.
			 *
			 *  Note: duk_check_stack() potentially reallocs the valstack,
			 *  invalidating any duk_tval pointers to valstack.  Callers
			 *  must be careful.
			 */

			/* never shrinks; auto-adds DUK_VALSTACK_INTERNAL_EXTRA, which is generous */
			if (!duk_check_stack(ctx, 1)) {
				goto abandon_error;
			}
			DUK_ASSERT_VALSTACK_SPACE(thr, 1);
			key = duk_heap_string_intern_u32(thr->heap, i);
			if (!key) {
				goto abandon_error;
			}
			duk_push_hstring(ctx, key);  /* keep key reachable for GC etc; guaranteed not to fail */

			/* key is now reachable in the valstack */

			DUK_HSTRING_INCREF(thr, key);   /* second incref for the entry reference */
			new_e_k[new_e_next] = key;
			tv2 = &new_e_pv[new_e_next].v;  /* array entries are all plain values */
			DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL(tv2, tv1);
			new_e_f[new_e_next] = DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_WRITABLE |
			                      DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_ENUMERABLE |
			                      DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_CONFIGURABLE;
			new_e_next++;

			/* Note: new_e_next matches pushed temp key count, and nothing can
			 * fail above between the push and this point.
			 */
		}

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("abandon array: pop %ld key temps from valstack", (long) new_e_next));
		duk_pop_n(ctx, new_e_next);
	}

	/*
	 *  Copy keys and values in the entry part (compacting them at the same time).
	 */

	for (i = 0; i < DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ENEXT(obj); i++) {
		duk_hstring *key;

		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_GET_PROPS(thr->heap, obj) != NULL);

		key = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_KEY(thr->heap, obj, i);
		if (!key) {
			continue;
		}

		DUK_ASSERT(new_p != NULL && new_e_k != NULL &&
		           new_e_pv != NULL && new_e_f != NULL);

		new_e_k[new_e_next] = key;
		new_e_pv[new_e_next] = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE(thr->heap, obj, i);
		new_e_f[new_e_next] = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_FLAGS(thr->heap, obj, i);
		new_e_next++;
	}
	/* the entries [new_e_next, new_e_size_adjusted[ are left uninitialized on purpose (ok, not gc reachable) */

	/*
	 *  Copy array elements to new array part.
	 */

	if (new_a_size > DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ASIZE(obj)) {
		/* copy existing entries as is */
		DUK_ASSERT(new_p != NULL && new_a != NULL);
		if (DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ASIZE(obj) > 0) {
			/* Avoid zero copy with an invalid pointer.  If obj->p is NULL,
			 * the 'new_a' pointer will be invalid which is not allowed even
			 * when copy size is zero.
			 */
			DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_GET_PROPS(thr->heap, obj) != NULL);
			DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ASIZE(obj) > 0);
			DUK_MEMCPY((void *) new_a, (void *) DUK_HOBJECT_A_GET_BASE(thr->heap, obj), sizeof(duk_tval) * DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ASIZE(obj));
		}

		/* fill new entries with -unused- (required, gc reachable) */
		for (i = DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ASIZE(obj); i < new_a_size; i++) {
			duk_tval *tv = &new_a[i];
			DUK_TVAL_SET_UNUSED(tv);
		}
	} else {
#ifdef DUK_USE_ASSERTIONS
		/* caller must have decref'd values above new_a_size (if that is necessary) */
		if (!abandon_array) {
			for (i = new_a_size; i < DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ASIZE(obj); i++) {
				duk_tval *tv;
				tv = DUK_HOBJECT_A_GET_VALUE_PTR(thr->heap, obj, i);

				/* current assertion is quite strong: decref's and set to unused */
				DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_UNUSED(tv));
			}
		}
#endif
		if (new_a_size > 0) {
			/* Avoid zero copy with an invalid pointer.  If obj->p is NULL,
			 * the 'new_a' pointer will be invalid which is not allowed even
			 * when copy size is zero.
			 */
			DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_GET_PROPS(thr->heap, obj) != NULL);
			DUK_ASSERT(new_a_size > 0);
			DUK_MEMCPY((void *) new_a, (void *) DUK_HOBJECT_A_GET_BASE(thr->heap, obj), sizeof(duk_tval) * new_a_size);
		}
	}

	/*
	 *  Rebuild the hash part always from scratch (guaranteed to finish).
	 *
	 *  Any resize of hash part requires rehashing.  In addition, by rehashing
	 *  get rid of any elements marked deleted (DUK__HASH_DELETED) which is critical
	 *  to ensuring the hash part never fills up.
	 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_HOBJECT_HASH_PART)
	if (DUK_UNLIKELY(new_h_size > 0)) {
		DUK_ASSERT(new_h != NULL);

		/* fill new_h with u32 0xff = UNUSED */
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_GET_PROPS(thr->heap, obj) != NULL);
		DUK_ASSERT(new_h_size > 0);
		DUK_MEMSET(new_h, 0xff, sizeof(duk_uint32_t) * new_h_size);

		DUK_ASSERT(new_e_next <= new_h_size);  /* equality not actually possible */
		for (i = 0; i < new_e_next; i++) {
			duk_hstring *key = new_e_k[i];
			duk_uint32_t j, step;

			DUK_ASSERT(key != NULL);
			j = DUK__HASH_INITIAL(DUK_HSTRING_GET_HASH(key), new_h_size);
			step = DUK__HASH_PROBE_STEP(DUK_HSTRING_GET_HASH(key));

			for (;;) {
				DUK_ASSERT(new_h[j] != DUK__HASH_DELETED);  /* should never happen */
				if (new_h[j] == DUK__HASH_UNUSED) {
					DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("rebuild hit %ld -> %ld", (long) j, (long) i));
					new_h[j] = i;
					break;
				}
				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("rebuild miss %ld, step %ld", (long) j, (long) step));
				j = (j + step) % new_h_size;

				/* guaranteed to finish */
				DUK_ASSERT(j != (duk_uint32_t) DUK__HASH_INITIAL(DUK_HSTRING_GET_HASH(key), new_h_size));
			}
		}
	} else {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("no hash part, no rehash"));
	}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_HOBJECT_HASH_PART */

	/*
	 *  Nice debug log.
	 */

	DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("resized hobject %p props (%ld -> %ld bytes), from {p=%p,e_size=%ld,e_next=%ld,a_size=%ld,h_size=%ld} to "
	                   "{p=%p,e_size=%ld,e_next=%ld,a_size=%ld,h_size=%ld}, abandon_array=%ld, unadjusted new_e_size=%ld",
	                   (void *) obj,
	                   (long) DUK_HOBJECT_P_COMPUTE_SIZE(DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ESIZE(obj),
	                                                     DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ASIZE(obj),
	                                                     DUK_HOBJECT_GET_HSIZE(obj)),
	                   (long) new_alloc_size,
	                   (void *) DUK_HOBJECT_GET_PROPS(thr->heap, obj),
	                   (long) DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ESIZE(obj),
	                   (long) DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ENEXT(obj),
	                   (long) DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ASIZE(obj),
	                   (long) DUK_HOBJECT_GET_HSIZE(obj),
	                   (void *) new_p,
	                   (long) new_e_size_adjusted,
	                   (long) new_e_next,
	                   (long) new_a_size,
	                   (long) new_h_size,
	                   (long) abandon_array,
	                   (long) new_e_size));

	/*
	 *  All done, switch properties ('p') allocation to new one.
	 */

	DUK_FREE(thr->heap, DUK_HOBJECT_GET_PROPS(thr->heap, obj));  /* NULL obj->p is OK */
	DUK_HOBJECT_SET_PROPS(thr->heap, obj, new_p);
	DUK_HOBJECT_SET_ESIZE(obj, new_e_size_adjusted);
	DUK_HOBJECT_SET_ENEXT(obj, new_e_next);
	DUK_HOBJECT_SET_ASIZE(obj, new_a_size);
	DUK_HOBJECT_SET_HSIZE(obj, new_h_size);

	if (new_p) {
		/*
		 *  Detach actual buffer from dynamic buffer in valstack, and
		 *  pop it from the stack.
		 *
		 *  XXX: the buffer object is certainly not reachable at this point,
		 *  so it would be nice to free it forcibly even with only
		 *  mark-and-sweep enabled.  Not a big issue though.
		 */
		(void) duk_steal_buffer(ctx, -1, NULL);
		duk_pop(ctx);
	} else {
		DUK_ASSERT(new_alloc_size == 0);
		/* no need to pop, nothing was pushed */
	}

	/* clear array part flag only after switching */
	if (abandon_array) {
		DUK_HOBJECT_CLEAR_ARRAY_PART(obj);
	}

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("resize result: %!O", (duk_heaphdr *) obj));

#ifdef DUK_USE_MARK_AND_SWEEP
	thr->heap->mark_and_sweep_base_flags = prev_mark_and_sweep_base_flags;
#endif

	/*
	 *  Post resize assertions.
	 */

#ifdef DUK_USE_ASSERTIONS
	/* XXX: post-checks (such as no duplicate keys) */
#endif
	return;

	/*
	 *  Abandon array failed, need to decref keys already inserted
	 *  into the beginning of new_e_k before unwinding valstack.
	 */

 abandon_error:
	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("hobject resize failed during abandon array, decref keys"));
	i = new_e_next;
	while (i > 0) {
		i--;
		DUK_ASSERT(new_e_k != NULL);
		DUK_ASSERT(new_e_k[i] != NULL);
		DUK_HSTRING_DECREF(thr, new_e_k[i]);  /* side effects */
	}

#ifdef DUK_USE_MARK_AND_SWEEP
	thr->heap->mark_and_sweep_base_flags = prev_mark_and_sweep_base_flags;
#endif

	DUK_ERROR_ALLOC_DEFMSG(thr);
}

/*
 *  Helpers to resize properties allocation on specific needs.
 */

/* Grow entry part allocation for one additional entry. */
DUK_LOCAL void duk__grow_props_for_new_entry_item(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj) {
	duk_uint32_t old_e_used;  /* actually used, non-NULL entries */
	duk_uint32_t new_e_size;
	duk_uint32_t new_a_size;
	duk_uint32_t new_h_size;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(obj != NULL);

	/* Duktape 0.11.0 and prior tried to optimize the resize by not
	 * counting the number of actually used keys prior to the resize.
	 * This worked mostly well but also caused weird leak-like behavior
	 * as in: test-bug-object-prop-alloc-unbounded.js.  So, now we count
	 * the keys explicitly to compute the new entry part size.
	 */

	old_e_used = duk__count_used_e_keys(thr, obj);
	new_e_size = old_e_used + duk__get_min_grow_e(old_e_used);
#if defined(DUK_USE_HOBJECT_HASH_PART)
	new_h_size = duk__get_default_h_size(new_e_size);
#else
	new_h_size = 0;
#endif
	new_a_size = DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ASIZE(obj);
	DUK_ASSERT(new_e_size >= old_e_used + 1);  /* duk__get_min_grow_e() is always >= 1 */

	duk__realloc_props(thr, obj, new_e_size, new_a_size, new_h_size, 0);
}

/* Grow array part for a new highest array index. */
DUK_LOCAL void duk__grow_props_for_array_item(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj, duk_uint32_t highest_arr_idx) {
	duk_uint32_t new_e_size;
	duk_uint32_t new_a_size;
	duk_uint32_t new_h_size;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(obj != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(highest_arr_idx >= DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ASIZE(obj));

	/* minimum new length is highest_arr_idx + 1 */

	new_e_size = DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ESIZE(obj);
	new_h_size = DUK_HOBJECT_GET_HSIZE(obj);
	new_a_size = highest_arr_idx + duk__get_min_grow_a(highest_arr_idx);
	DUK_ASSERT(new_a_size >= highest_arr_idx + 1);  /* duk__get_min_grow_a() is always >= 1 */

	duk__realloc_props(thr, obj, new_e_size, new_a_size, new_h_size, 0);
}

/* Abandon array part, moving array entries into entries part.
 * This requires a props resize, which is a heavy operation.
 * We also compact the entries part while we're at it, although
 * this is not strictly required.
 */
DUK_LOCAL void duk__abandon_array_checked(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj) {
	duk_uint32_t new_e_size;
	duk_uint32_t new_a_size;
	duk_uint32_t new_h_size;
	duk_uint32_t e_used;  /* actually used, non-NULL keys */
	duk_uint32_t a_used;
	duk_uint32_t a_size;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(obj != NULL);

	e_used = duk__count_used_e_keys(thr, obj);
	duk__compute_a_stats(thr, obj, &a_used, &a_size);

	/*
	 *  Must guarantee all actually used array entries will fit into
	 *  new entry part.  Add one growth step to ensure we don't run out
	 *  of space right away.
	 */

	new_e_size = e_used + a_used;
	new_e_size = new_e_size + duk__get_min_grow_e(new_e_size);
	new_a_size = 0;
#if defined(DUK_USE_HOBJECT_HASH_PART)
	new_h_size = duk__get_default_h_size(new_e_size);
#else
	new_h_size = 0;
#endif

	DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("abandon array part for hobject %p, "
	                   "array stats before: e_used=%ld, a_used=%ld, a_size=%ld; "
	                   "resize to e_size=%ld, a_size=%ld, h_size=%ld",
	                   (void *) obj, (long) e_used, (long) a_used, (long) a_size,
	                   (long) new_e_size, (long) new_a_size, (long) new_h_size));

	duk__realloc_props(thr, obj, new_e_size, new_a_size, new_h_size, 1);
}

/*
 *  Compact an object.  Minimizes allocation size for objects which are
 *  not likely to be extended.  This is useful for internal and non-
 *  extensible objects, but can also be called for non-extensible objects.
 *  May abandon the array part if it is computed to be too sparse.
 *
 *  This call is relatively expensive, as it needs to scan both the
 *  entries and the array part.
 *
 *  The call may fail due to allocation error.
 */

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_hobject_compact_props(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj) {
	duk_uint32_t e_size;       /* currently used -> new size */
	duk_uint32_t a_size;       /* currently required */
	duk_uint32_t a_used;       /* actually used */
	duk_uint32_t h_size;
	duk_bool_t abandon_array;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(obj != NULL);

#if defined(DUK_USE_ROM_OBJECTS)
	if (DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_READONLY((duk_heaphdr *) obj)) {
		DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("ignore attempt to compact a rom object"));
		return;
	}
#endif

	e_size = duk__count_used_e_keys(thr, obj);
	duk__compute_a_stats(thr, obj, &a_used, &a_size);

	DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("compacting hobject, used e keys %ld, used a keys %ld, min a size %ld, "
	                   "resized array density would be: %ld/%ld = %lf",
	                   (long) e_size, (long) a_used, (long) a_size,
	                   (long) a_used, (long) a_size,
	                   (double) a_used / (double) a_size));

	if (duk__abandon_array_density_check(a_used, a_size)) {
		DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("decided to abandon array during compaction, a_used=%ld, a_size=%ld",
		                   (long) a_used, (long) a_size));
		abandon_array = 1;
		e_size += a_used;
		a_size = 0;
	} else {
		DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("decided to keep array during compaction"));
		abandon_array = 0;
	}

#if defined(DUK_USE_HOBJECT_HASH_PART)
	if (e_size >= DUK_HOBJECT_E_USE_HASH_LIMIT) {
		h_size = duk__get_default_h_size(e_size);
	} else {
		h_size = 0;
	}
#else
	h_size = 0;
#endif

	DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("compacting hobject -> new e_size %ld, new a_size=%ld, new h_size=%ld, abandon_array=%ld",
	                   (long) e_size, (long) a_size, (long) h_size, (long) abandon_array));

	duk__realloc_props(thr, obj, e_size, a_size, h_size, abandon_array);
}

/*
 *  Find an existing key from entry part either by linear scan or by
 *  using the hash index (if it exists).
 *
 *  Sets entry index (and possibly the hash index) to output variables,
 *  which allows the caller to update the entry and hash entries in-place.
 *  If entry is not found, both values are set to -1.  If entry is found
 *  but there is no hash part, h_idx is set to -1.
 */

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_hobject_find_existing_entry(duk_heap *heap, duk_hobject *obj, duk_hstring *key, duk_int_t *e_idx, duk_int_t *h_idx) {
	DUK_ASSERT(obj != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(key != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(e_idx != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(h_idx != NULL);
	DUK_UNREF(heap);

	if (DUK_LIKELY(DUK_HOBJECT_GET_HSIZE(obj) == 0))
	{
		/* Linear scan: more likely because most objects are small.
		 * This is an important fast path.
		 *
		 * XXX: this might be worth inlining for property lookups.
		 */
		duk_uint_fast32_t i;
		duk_uint_fast32_t n;
		duk_hstring **h_keys_base;
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("duk_hobject_find_existing_entry() using linear scan for lookup"));

		h_keys_base = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_KEY_BASE(heap, obj);
		n = DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ENEXT(obj);
		for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
			if (h_keys_base[i] == key) {
				*e_idx = i;
				*h_idx = -1;
				return;
			}
		}
	}
#if defined(DUK_USE_HOBJECT_HASH_PART)
	else
	{
		/* hash lookup */
		duk_uint32_t n;
		duk_uint32_t i, step;
		duk_uint32_t *h_base;

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("duk_hobject_find_existing_entry() using hash part for lookup"));

		h_base = DUK_HOBJECT_H_GET_BASE(heap, obj);
		n = DUK_HOBJECT_GET_HSIZE(obj);
		i = DUK__HASH_INITIAL(DUK_HSTRING_GET_HASH(key), n);
		step = DUK__HASH_PROBE_STEP(DUK_HSTRING_GET_HASH(key));

		for (;;) {
			duk_uint32_t t;

			DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(i >= 0);  /* unsigned */
			DUK_ASSERT(i < DUK_HOBJECT_GET_HSIZE(obj));
			t = h_base[i];
			DUK_ASSERT(t == DUK__HASH_UNUSED || t == DUK__HASH_DELETED ||
			           (t < DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ESIZE(obj)));  /* t >= 0 always true, unsigned */

			if (t == DUK__HASH_UNUSED) {
				break;
			} else if (t == DUK__HASH_DELETED) {
				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("lookup miss (deleted) i=%ld, t=%ld",
				                     (long) i, (long) t));
			} else {
				DUK_ASSERT(t < DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ESIZE(obj));
				if (DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_KEY(heap, obj, t) == key) {
					DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("lookup hit i=%ld, t=%ld -> key %p",
					                     (long) i, (long) t, (void *) key));
					*e_idx = t;
					*h_idx = i;
					return;
				}
				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("lookup miss i=%ld, t=%ld",
				                     (long) i, (long) t));
			}
			i = (i + step) % n;

			/* guaranteed to finish, as hash is never full */
			DUK_ASSERT(i != (duk_uint32_t) DUK__HASH_INITIAL(DUK_HSTRING_GET_HASH(key), n));
		}
	}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_HOBJECT_HASH_PART */

	/* not found */
	*e_idx = -1;
	*h_idx = -1;
}

/* For internal use: get non-accessor entry value */
DUK_INTERNAL duk_tval *duk_hobject_find_existing_entry_tval_ptr(duk_heap *heap, duk_hobject *obj, duk_hstring *key) {
	duk_int_t e_idx;
	duk_int_t h_idx;

	DUK_ASSERT(obj != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(key != NULL);
	DUK_UNREF(heap);

	duk_hobject_find_existing_entry(heap, obj, key, &e_idx, &h_idx);
	if (e_idx >= 0 && !DUK_HOBJECT_E_SLOT_IS_ACCESSOR(heap, obj, e_idx)) {
		return DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_TVAL_PTR(heap, obj, e_idx);
	} else {
		return NULL;
	}
}

/* For internal use: get non-accessor entry value and attributes */
DUK_INTERNAL duk_tval *duk_hobject_find_existing_entry_tval_ptr_and_attrs(duk_heap *heap, duk_hobject *obj, duk_hstring *key, duk_int_t *out_attrs) {
	duk_int_t e_idx;
	duk_int_t h_idx;

	DUK_ASSERT(obj != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(key != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(out_attrs != NULL);
	DUK_UNREF(heap);

	duk_hobject_find_existing_entry(heap, obj, key, &e_idx, &h_idx);
	if (e_idx >= 0 && !DUK_HOBJECT_E_SLOT_IS_ACCESSOR(heap, obj, e_idx)) {
		*out_attrs = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_FLAGS(heap, obj, e_idx);
		return DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_TVAL_PTR(heap, obj, e_idx);
	} else {
		*out_attrs = 0;
		return NULL;
	}
}

/* For internal use: get array part value */
DUK_INTERNAL duk_tval *duk_hobject_find_existing_array_entry_tval_ptr(duk_heap *heap, duk_hobject *obj, duk_uarridx_t i) {
	duk_tval *tv;

	DUK_ASSERT(obj != NULL);
	DUK_UNREF(heap);

	if (!DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_ARRAY_PART(obj)) {
		return NULL;
	}
	if (i >= DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ASIZE(obj)) {
		return NULL;
	}
	tv = DUK_HOBJECT_A_GET_VALUE_PTR(heap, obj, i);
	return tv;
}

/*
 *  Allocate and initialize a new entry, resizing the properties allocation
 *  if necessary.  Returns entry index (e_idx) or throws an error if alloc fails.
 *
 *  Sets the key of the entry (increasing the key's refcount), and updates
 *  the hash part if it exists.  Caller must set value and flags, and update
 *  the entry value refcount.  A decref for the previous value is not necessary.
 */

DUK_LOCAL duk_bool_t duk__alloc_entry_checked(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj, duk_hstring *key) {
	duk_uint32_t idx;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(obj != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(key != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ENEXT(obj) <= DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ESIZE(obj));

#ifdef DUK_USE_ASSERTIONS
	/* key must not already exist in entry part */
	{
		duk_uint_fast32_t i;
		for (i = 0; i < DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ENEXT(obj); i++) {
			DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_KEY(thr->heap, obj, i) != key);
		}
	}
#endif

	if (DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ENEXT(obj) >= DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ESIZE(obj)) {
		/* only need to guarantee 1 more slot, but allocation growth is in chunks */
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("entry part full, allocate space for one more entry"));
		duk__grow_props_for_new_entry_item(thr, obj);
	}
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ENEXT(obj) < DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ESIZE(obj));
	idx = DUK_HOBJECT_POSTINC_ENEXT(obj);

	/* previous value is assumed to be garbage, so don't touch it */
	DUK_HOBJECT_E_SET_KEY(thr->heap, obj, idx, key);
	DUK_HSTRING_INCREF(thr, key);

#if defined(DUK_USE_HOBJECT_HASH_PART)
	if (DUK_UNLIKELY(DUK_HOBJECT_GET_HSIZE(obj) > 0)) {
		duk_uint32_t n;
		duk_uint32_t i, step;
		duk_uint32_t *h_base = DUK_HOBJECT_H_GET_BASE(thr->heap, obj);

		n = DUK_HOBJECT_GET_HSIZE(obj);
		i = DUK__HASH_INITIAL(DUK_HSTRING_GET_HASH(key), n);
		step = DUK__HASH_PROBE_STEP(DUK_HSTRING_GET_HASH(key));

		for (;;) {
			duk_uint32_t t = h_base[i];
			if (t == DUK__HASH_UNUSED || t == DUK__HASH_DELETED) {
				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("duk__alloc_entry_checked() inserted key into hash part, %ld -> %ld",
				                     (long) i, (long) idx));
				DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(i >= 0);  /* unsigned */
				DUK_ASSERT(i < DUK_HOBJECT_GET_HSIZE(obj));
				DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(idx >= 0);
				DUK_ASSERT(idx < DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ESIZE(obj));
				h_base[i] = idx;
				break;
			}
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("duk__alloc_entry_checked() miss %ld", (long) i));
			i = (i + step) % n;

			/* guaranteed to find an empty slot */
			DUK_ASSERT(i != (duk_uint32_t) DUK__HASH_INITIAL(DUK_HSTRING_GET_HASH(key), DUK_HOBJECT_GET_HSIZE(obj)));
		}
	}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_HOBJECT_HASH_PART */

	/* Note: we could return the hash index here too, but it's not
	 * needed right now.
	 */

	DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(idx >= 0);
	DUK_ASSERT(idx < DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ESIZE(obj));
	DUK_ASSERT(idx < DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ENEXT(obj));
	return idx;
}

/*
 *  Object internal value
 *
 *  Returned value is guaranteed to be reachable / incref'd, caller does not need
 *  to incref OR decref.  No proxies or accessors are invoked, no prototype walk.
 */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_hobject_get_internal_value(duk_heap *heap, duk_hobject *obj, duk_tval *tv_out) {
	duk_int_t e_idx;
	duk_int_t h_idx;

	DUK_ASSERT(heap != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(obj != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(tv_out != NULL);

	/* always in entry part, no need to look up parents etc */
	duk_hobject_find_existing_entry(heap, obj, DUK_HEAP_STRING_INT_VALUE(heap), &e_idx, &h_idx);
	if (e_idx >= 0) {
		DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HOBJECT_E_SLOT_IS_ACCESSOR(heap, obj, e_idx));
		DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL(tv_out, DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_TVAL_PTR(heap, obj, e_idx));
		return 1;
	}
	DUK_TVAL_SET_UNDEFINED(tv_out);
	return 0;
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_hstring *duk_hobject_get_internal_value_string(duk_heap *heap, duk_hobject *obj) {
	duk_tval tv;

	DUK_ASSERT(heap != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(obj != NULL);

	/* This is not strictly necessary, but avoids compiler warnings; e.g.
	 * gcc won't reliably detect that no uninitialized data is read below.
	 */
	DUK_MEMZERO((void *) &tv, sizeof(duk_tval));

	if (duk_hobject_get_internal_value(heap, obj, &tv)) {
		duk_hstring *h;
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_STRING(&tv));
		h = DUK_TVAL_GET_STRING(&tv);
		return h;
	}

	return NULL;
}

/*
 *  Arguments handling helpers (argument map mainly).
 *
 *  An arguments object has exotic behavior for some numeric indices.
 *  Accesses may translate to identifier operations which may have
 *  arbitrary side effects (potentially invalidating any duk_tval
 *  pointers).
 */

/* Lookup 'key' from arguments internal 'map', perform a variable lookup
 * if mapped, and leave the result on top of stack (and return non-zero).
 * Used in E5 Section 10.6 algorithms [[Get]] and [[GetOwnProperty]].
 */
DUK_LOCAL
duk_bool_t duk__lookup_arguments_map(duk_hthread *thr,
                                     duk_hobject *obj,
                                     duk_hstring *key,
                                     duk_propdesc *temp_desc,
                                     duk_hobject **out_map,
                                     duk_hobject **out_varenv) {
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk_hobject *map;
	duk_hobject *varenv;
	duk_bool_t rc;

	DUK_ASSERT_VALSTACK_SPACE(thr, DUK__VALSTACK_SPACE);

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("arguments map lookup: thr=%p, obj=%p, key=%p, temp_desc=%p "
	                     "(obj -> %!O, key -> %!O)",
	                     (void *) thr, (void *) obj, (void *) key, (void *) temp_desc,
	                     (duk_heaphdr *) obj, (duk_heaphdr *) key));

	if (!duk_hobject_get_own_propdesc(thr, obj, DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_INT_MAP(thr), temp_desc, DUK_GETDESC_FLAG_PUSH_VALUE)) {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("-> no 'map'"));
		return 0;
	}

	map = duk_require_hobject(ctx, -1);
	DUK_ASSERT(map != NULL);
	duk_pop(ctx);  /* map is reachable through obj */

	if (!duk_hobject_get_own_propdesc(thr, map, key, temp_desc, DUK_GETDESC_FLAG_PUSH_VALUE)) {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("-> 'map' exists, but key not in map"));
		return 0;
	}

	/* [... varname] */
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("-> 'map' exists, and contains key, key is mapped to argument/variable binding %!T",
	                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));
	DUK_ASSERT(duk_is_string(ctx, -1));  /* guaranteed when building arguments */

	/* get varenv for varname (callee's declarative lexical environment) */
	rc = duk_hobject_get_own_propdesc(thr, obj, DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_INT_VARENV(thr), temp_desc, DUK_GETDESC_FLAG_PUSH_VALUE);
	DUK_UNREF(rc);
	DUK_ASSERT(rc != 0);  /* arguments MUST have an initialized lexical environment reference */
	varenv = duk_require_hobject(ctx, -1);
	DUK_ASSERT(varenv != NULL);
	duk_pop(ctx);  /* varenv remains reachable through 'obj' */

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("arguments varenv is: %!dO", (duk_heaphdr *) varenv));

	/* success: leave varname in stack */
	*out_map = map;
	*out_varenv = varenv;
	return 1;  /* [... varname] */
}

/* Lookup 'key' from arguments internal 'map', and leave replacement value
 * on stack top if mapped (and return non-zero).
 * Used in E5 Section 10.6 algorithm for [[GetOwnProperty]] (used by [[Get]]).
 */
DUK_LOCAL duk_bool_t duk__check_arguments_map_for_get(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj, duk_hstring *key, duk_propdesc *temp_desc) {
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk_hobject *map;
	duk_hobject *varenv;
	duk_hstring *varname;

	DUK_ASSERT_VALSTACK_SPACE(thr, DUK__VALSTACK_SPACE);

	if (!duk__lookup_arguments_map(thr, obj, key, temp_desc, &map, &varenv)) {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("arguments: key not mapped, no exotic get behavior"));
		return 0;
	}

	/* [... varname] */

	varname = duk_require_hstring(ctx, -1);
	DUK_ASSERT(varname != NULL);
	duk_pop(ctx);  /* varname is still reachable */

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("arguments object automatic getvar for a bound variable; "
	                     "key=%!O, varname=%!O",
	                     (duk_heaphdr *) key,
	                     (duk_heaphdr *) varname));

	(void) duk_js_getvar_envrec(thr, varenv, varname, 1 /*throw*/);

	/* [... value this_binding] */

	duk_pop(ctx);

	/* leave result on stack top */
	return 1;
}

/* Lookup 'key' from arguments internal 'map', perform a variable write if mapped.
 * Used in E5 Section 10.6 algorithm for [[DefineOwnProperty]] (used by [[Put]]).
 * Assumes stack top contains 'put' value (which is NOT popped).
 */
DUK_LOCAL void duk__check_arguments_map_for_put(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj, duk_hstring *key, duk_propdesc *temp_desc, duk_bool_t throw_flag) {
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk_hobject *map;
	duk_hobject *varenv;
	duk_hstring *varname;

	DUK_ASSERT_VALSTACK_SPACE(thr, DUK__VALSTACK_SPACE);

	if (!duk__lookup_arguments_map(thr, obj, key, temp_desc, &map, &varenv)) {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("arguments: key not mapped, no exotic put behavior"));
		return;
	}

	/* [... put_value varname] */

	varname = duk_require_hstring(ctx, -1);
	DUK_ASSERT(varname != NULL);
	duk_pop(ctx);  /* varname is still reachable */

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("arguments object automatic putvar for a bound variable; "
	                     "key=%!O, varname=%!O, value=%!T",
	                     (duk_heaphdr *) key,
	                     (duk_heaphdr *) varname,
	                     (duk_tval *) duk_require_tval(ctx, -1)));

	/* [... put_value] */

	/*
	 *  Note: although arguments object variable mappings are only established
	 *  for non-strict functions (and a call to a non-strict function created
	 *  the arguments object in question), an inner strict function may be doing
	 *  the actual property write.  Hence the throw_flag applied here comes from
	 *  the property write call.
	 */

	duk_js_putvar_envrec(thr, varenv, varname, duk_require_tval(ctx, -1), throw_flag);

	/* [... put_value] */
}

/* Lookup 'key' from arguments internal 'map', delete mapping if found.
 * Used in E5 Section 10.6 algorithm for [[Delete]].  Note that the
 * variable/argument itself (where the map points) is not deleted.
 */
DUK_LOCAL void duk__check_arguments_map_for_delete(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj, duk_hstring *key, duk_propdesc *temp_desc) {
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk_hobject *map;

	DUK_ASSERT_VALSTACK_SPACE(thr, DUK__VALSTACK_SPACE);

	if (!duk_hobject_get_own_propdesc(thr, obj, DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_INT_MAP(thr), temp_desc, DUK_GETDESC_FLAG_PUSH_VALUE)) {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("arguments: key not mapped, no exotic delete behavior"));
		return;
	}

	map = duk_require_hobject(ctx, -1);
	DUK_ASSERT(map != NULL);
	duk_pop(ctx);  /* map is reachable through obj */

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("-> have 'map', delete key %!O from map (if exists)); ignore result",
	                     (duk_heaphdr *) key));

	/* Note: no recursion issue, we can trust 'map' to behave */
	DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_BEHAVIOR(map));
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("map before deletion: %!O", (duk_heaphdr *) map));
	(void) duk_hobject_delprop_raw(thr, map, key, 0);  /* ignore result */
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("map after deletion: %!O", (duk_heaphdr *) map));
}

/*
 *  Ecmascript compliant [[GetOwnProperty]](P), for internal use only.
 *
 *  If property is found:
 *    - Fills descriptor fields to 'out_desc'
 *    - If DUK_GETDESC_FLAG_PUSH_VALUE is set, pushes a value related to the
 *      property onto the stack ('undefined' for accessor properties).
 *    - Returns non-zero
 *
 *  If property is not found:
 *    - 'out_desc' is left in untouched state (possibly garbage)
 *    - Nothing is pushed onto the stack (not even with DUK_GETDESC_FLAG_PUSH_VALUE
 *      set)
 *    - Returns zero
 *
 *  Notes:
 *
 *    - Getting a property descriptor may cause an allocation (and hence
 *      GC) to take place, hence reachability and refcount of all related
 *      values matter.  Reallocation of value stack, properties, etc may
 *      invalidate many duk_tval pointers (concretely, those which reside
 *      in memory areas subject to reallocation).  However, heap object
 *      pointers are never affected (heap objects have stable pointers).
 *
 *    - The value of a plain property is always reachable and has a non-zero
 *      reference count.
 *
 *    - The value of a virtual property is not necessarily reachable from
 *      elsewhere and may have a refcount of zero.  Hence we push it onto
 *      the valstack for the caller, which ensures it remains reachable
 *      while it is needed.
 *
 *    - There are no virtual accessor properties.  Hence, all getters and
 *      setters are always related to concretely stored properties, which
 *      ensures that the get/set functions in the resulting descriptor are
 *      reachable and have non-zero refcounts.  Should there be virtual
 *      accessor properties later, this would need to change.
 */

DUK_LOCAL duk_bool_t duk__get_own_propdesc_raw(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj, duk_hstring *key, duk_uint32_t arr_idx, duk_propdesc *out_desc, duk_small_uint_t flags) {
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk_tval *tv;

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("duk_hobject_get_own_propdesc: thr=%p, obj=%p, key=%p, out_desc=%p, flags=%lx, "
	                     "arr_idx=%ld (obj -> %!O, key -> %!O)",
	                     (void *) thr, (void *) obj, (void *) key, (void *) out_desc,
	                     (long) flags, (long) arr_idx,
	                     (duk_heaphdr *) obj, (duk_heaphdr *) key));

	DUK_ASSERT(ctx != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->heap != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(obj != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(key != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(out_desc != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT_VALSTACK_SPACE(thr, DUK__VALSTACK_SPACE);

	/* XXX: optimize this filling behavior later */
	out_desc->flags = 0;
	out_desc->get = NULL;
	out_desc->set = NULL;
	out_desc->e_idx = -1;
	out_desc->h_idx = -1;
	out_desc->a_idx = -1;

	/*
	 *  Array part
	 */

	if (DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_ARRAY_PART(obj) && arr_idx != DUK__NO_ARRAY_INDEX) {
		if (arr_idx < DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ASIZE(obj)) {
			tv = DUK_HOBJECT_A_GET_VALUE_PTR(thr->heap, obj, arr_idx);
			if (!DUK_TVAL_IS_UNUSED(tv)) {
				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("-> found in array part"));
				if (flags & DUK_GETDESC_FLAG_PUSH_VALUE) {
					duk_push_tval(ctx, tv);
				}
				/* implicit attributes */
				out_desc->flags = DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_WRITABLE |
				                  DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_CONFIGURABLE |
				                  DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_ENUMERABLE;
				out_desc->a_idx = arr_idx;
				goto prop_found;
			}
		}
		/* assume array part is comprehensive (contains all array indexed elements
		 * or none of them); hence no need to check the entries part here.
		 */
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("-> not found as a concrete property (has array part, "
		                     "should be there if present)"));
		goto prop_not_found_concrete;
	}

	/*
	 *  Entries part
	 */

	duk_hobject_find_existing_entry(thr->heap, obj, key, &out_desc->e_idx, &out_desc->h_idx);
	if (out_desc->e_idx >= 0) {
		duk_int_t e_idx = out_desc->e_idx;
		out_desc->flags = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_FLAGS(thr->heap, obj, e_idx);
		if (out_desc->flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_ACCESSOR) {
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("-> found accessor property in entry part"));
			out_desc->get = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_GETTER(thr->heap, obj, e_idx);
			out_desc->set = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_SETTER(thr->heap, obj, e_idx);
			if (flags & DUK_GETDESC_FLAG_PUSH_VALUE) {
				/* a dummy undefined value is pushed to make valstack
				 * behavior uniform for caller
				 */
				duk_push_undefined(ctx);
			}
		} else {
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("-> found plain property in entry part"));
			tv = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_TVAL_PTR(thr->heap, obj, e_idx);
			if (flags & DUK_GETDESC_FLAG_PUSH_VALUE) {
				duk_push_tval(ctx, tv);
			}
		}
		goto prop_found;
	}

	/*
	 *  Not found as a concrete property, check whether a String object
	 *  virtual property matches.
	 */

 prop_not_found_concrete:

	if (DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_STRINGOBJ(obj)) {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("string object exotic property get for key: %!O, arr_idx: %ld",
		                     (duk_heaphdr *) key, (long) arr_idx));

		if (arr_idx != DUK__NO_ARRAY_INDEX) {
			duk_hstring *h_val;

			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("array index exists"));

			h_val = duk_hobject_get_internal_value_string(thr->heap, obj);
			DUK_ASSERT(h_val);
			if (arr_idx < DUK_HSTRING_GET_CHARLEN(h_val)) {
				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("-> found, array index inside string"));
				if (flags & DUK_GETDESC_FLAG_PUSH_VALUE) {
					duk_push_hstring(ctx, h_val);
					duk_substring(ctx, -1, arr_idx, arr_idx + 1);  /* [str] -> [substr] */
				}
				out_desc->flags = DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_ENUMERABLE |  /* E5 Section 15.5.5.2 */
				                  DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_VIRTUAL;

				DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_ARGUMENTS(obj));
				return 1;  /* cannot be e.g. arguments exotic, since exotic 'traits' are mutually exclusive */
			} else {
				/* index is above internal string length -> property is fully normal */
				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("array index outside string -> normal property"));
			}
		} else if (key == DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_LENGTH(thr)) {
			duk_hstring *h_val;

			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("-> found, key is 'length', length exotic behavior"));

			h_val = duk_hobject_get_internal_value_string(thr->heap, obj);
			DUK_ASSERT(h_val != NULL);
			if (flags & DUK_GETDESC_FLAG_PUSH_VALUE) {
				duk_push_uint(ctx, (duk_uint_t) DUK_HSTRING_GET_CHARLEN(h_val));
			}
			out_desc->flags = DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_VIRTUAL;  /* E5 Section 15.5.5.1 */

			DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_ARGUMENTS(obj));
			return 1;  /* cannot be arguments exotic */
		}
	} else if (DUK_HOBJECT_IS_BUFFEROBJECT(obj)) {
		duk_hbufferobject *h_bufobj;
		duk_uint_t byte_off;
		duk_small_uint_t elem_size;

		h_bufobj = (duk_hbufferobject *) obj;
		DUK_ASSERT_HBUFFEROBJECT_VALID(h_bufobj);
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("bufferobject property get for key: %!O, arr_idx: %ld",
		                     (duk_heaphdr *) key, (long) arr_idx));

		if (arr_idx != DUK__NO_ARRAY_INDEX) {
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("array index exists"));

			/* Careful with wrapping: arr_idx upshift may easily wrap, whereas
			 * length downshift won't.
			 */
			if (arr_idx < (h_bufobj->length >> h_bufobj->shift)) {
				byte_off = arr_idx << h_bufobj->shift;  /* no wrap assuming h_bufobj->length is valid */
				elem_size = 1 << h_bufobj->shift;
				if (flags & DUK_GETDESC_FLAG_PUSH_VALUE) {
					duk_uint8_t *data;

					if (h_bufobj->buf != NULL && DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_VALID_BYTEOFFSET_EXCL(h_bufobj, byte_off + elem_size)) {
						data = (duk_uint8_t *) DUK_HBUFFER_GET_DATA_PTR(thr->heap, h_bufobj->buf) + h_bufobj->offset + byte_off;
						duk_hbufferobject_push_validated_read(ctx, h_bufobj, data, elem_size);
					} else {
						DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("bufferobject access out of underlying buffer, ignoring (read zero)"));
						duk_push_uint(ctx, 0);
					}
				}
				out_desc->flags = DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_WRITABLE |
				                  DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_ENUMERABLE |
				                  DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_VIRTUAL;

				DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_ARGUMENTS(obj));
				return 1;  /* cannot be e.g. arguments exotic, since exotic 'traits' are mutually exclusive */
			} else {
				/* index is above internal buffer length -> property is fully normal */
				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("array index outside buffer -> normal property"));
			}
		} else if (key == DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_LENGTH(thr)) {
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("-> found, key is 'length', length exotic behavior"));

			if (flags & DUK_GETDESC_FLAG_PUSH_VALUE) {
				/* Length in elements: take into account shift, but
				 * intentionally don't check the underlying buffer here.
				 */
				duk_push_uint(ctx, h_bufobj->length >> h_bufobj->shift);
			}
			out_desc->flags = DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_VIRTUAL;

			DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_ARGUMENTS(obj));
			return 1;  /* cannot be arguments exotic */
		} else if (key == DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_BYTE_LENGTH(thr)) {
			/* If neutered must return 0; length is zeroed during
			 * neutering.
			 */
			if (flags & DUK_GETDESC_FLAG_PUSH_VALUE) {
				duk_push_uint(ctx, h_bufobj->length);
			}
			out_desc->flags = DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_VIRTUAL;
			return 1;  /* cannot be arguments exotic */
		} else if (key == DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_BYTE_OFFSET(thr)) {
			/* If neutered must return 0; offset is zeroed during
			 * neutering.
			 */
			if (flags & DUK_GETDESC_FLAG_PUSH_VALUE) {
				duk_push_uint(ctx, h_bufobj->offset);
			}
			out_desc->flags = DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_VIRTUAL;
			return 1;  /* cannot be arguments exotic */
		} else if (key == DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_BYTES_PER_ELEMENT(thr)) {
			if (flags & DUK_GETDESC_FLAG_PUSH_VALUE) {
				duk_push_uint(ctx, 1 << h_bufobj->shift);
			}
			out_desc->flags = DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_VIRTUAL;
			return 1;  /* cannot be arguments exotic */
		}
	} else if (DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_DUKFUNC(obj)) {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("duktape/c object exotic property get for key: %!O, arr_idx: %ld",
		                     (duk_heaphdr *) key, (long) arr_idx));

		if (key == DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_LENGTH(thr)) {
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("-> found, key is 'length', length exotic behavior"));

			if (flags & DUK_GETDESC_FLAG_PUSH_VALUE) {
				duk_int16_t func_nargs = ((duk_hnativefunction *) obj)->nargs;
				duk_push_int(ctx, func_nargs == DUK_HNATIVEFUNCTION_NARGS_VARARGS ? 0 : func_nargs);
			}
			out_desc->flags = DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_VIRTUAL;  /* not enumerable */

			DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_ARGUMENTS(obj));
			return 1;  /* cannot be arguments exotic */
		}
	}

	/* Array properties have exotic behavior but they are concrete,
	 * so no special handling here.
	 *
	 * Arguments exotic behavior (E5 Section 10.6, [[GetOwnProperty]]
	 * is only relevant as a post-check implemented below; hence no
	 * check here.
	 */

	/*
	 *  Not found as concrete or virtual
	 */

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("-> not found (virtual, entry part, or array part)"));
	return 0;

	/*
	 *  Found
	 *
	 *  Arguments object has exotic post-processing, see E5 Section 10.6,
	 *  description of [[GetOwnProperty]] variant for arguments.
	 */

 prop_found:
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("-> property found, checking for arguments exotic post-behavior"));

	/* Notes:
	 *  - only numbered indices are relevant, so arr_idx fast reject is good
	 *    (this is valid unless there are more than 4**32-1 arguments).
	 *  - since variable lookup has no side effects, this can be skipped if
	 *    DUK_GETDESC_FLAG_PUSH_VALUE is not set.
	 */

	if (DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_ARGUMENTS(obj) &&
	    arr_idx != DUK__NO_ARRAY_INDEX &&
	    (flags & DUK_GETDESC_FLAG_PUSH_VALUE)) {
		duk_propdesc temp_desc;

		/* Magically bound variable cannot be an accessor.  However,
		 * there may be an accessor property (or a plain property) in
		 * place with magic behavior removed.  This happens e.g. when
		 * a magic property is redefined with defineProperty().
		 * Cannot assert for "not accessor" here.
		 */

		/* replaces top of stack with new value if necessary */
		DUK_ASSERT((flags & DUK_GETDESC_FLAG_PUSH_VALUE) != 0);

		if (duk__check_arguments_map_for_get(thr, obj, key, &temp_desc)) {
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("-> arguments exotic behavior overrides result: %!T -> %!T",
			                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -2),
			                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));
			/* [... old_result result] -> [... result] */
			duk_remove(ctx, -2);
		}
	}

	return 1;
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_hobject_get_own_propdesc(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj, duk_hstring *key, duk_propdesc *out_desc, duk_small_uint_t flags) {
	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(obj != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(key != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(out_desc != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT_VALSTACK_SPACE(thr, DUK__VALSTACK_SPACE);

	return duk__get_own_propdesc_raw(thr, obj, key, DUK_HSTRING_GET_ARRIDX_SLOW(key), out_desc, flags);
}

/*
 *  Ecmascript compliant [[GetProperty]](P), for internal use only.
 *
 *  If property is found:
 *    - Fills descriptor fields to 'out_desc'
 *    - If DUK_GETDESC_FLAG_PUSH_VALUE is set, pushes a value related to the
 *      property onto the stack ('undefined' for accessor properties).
 *    - Returns non-zero
 *
 *  If property is not found:
 *    - 'out_desc' is left in untouched state (possibly garbage)
 *    - Nothing is pushed onto the stack (not even with DUK_GETDESC_FLAG_PUSH_VALUE
 *      set)
 *    - Returns zero
 *
 *  May cause arbitrary side effects and invalidate (most) duk_tval
 *  pointers.
 */

DUK_LOCAL duk_bool_t duk__get_propdesc(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj, duk_hstring *key, duk_propdesc *out_desc, duk_small_uint_t flags) {
	duk_hobject *curr;
	duk_uint32_t arr_idx;
	duk_uint_t sanity;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->heap != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(obj != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(key != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(out_desc != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT_VALSTACK_SPACE(thr, DUK__VALSTACK_SPACE);

	arr_idx = DUK_HSTRING_GET_ARRIDX_FAST(key);

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("duk__get_propdesc: thr=%p, obj=%p, key=%p, out_desc=%p, flags=%lx, "
	                     "arr_idx=%ld (obj -> %!O, key -> %!O)",
	                     (void *) thr, (void *) obj, (void *) key, (void *) out_desc,
	                     (long) flags, (long) arr_idx,
	                     (duk_heaphdr *) obj, (duk_heaphdr *) key));

	curr = obj;
	DUK_ASSERT(curr != NULL);
	sanity = DUK_HOBJECT_PROTOTYPE_CHAIN_SANITY;
	do {
		if (duk__get_own_propdesc_raw(thr, curr, key, arr_idx, out_desc, flags)) {
			/* stack contains value (if requested), 'out_desc' is set */
			return 1;
		}

		/* not found in 'curr', next in prototype chain; impose max depth */
		if (sanity-- == 0) {
			if (flags & DUK_GETDESC_FLAG_IGNORE_PROTOLOOP) {
				/* treat like property not found */
				break;
			} else {
				DUK_ERROR_RANGE(thr, DUK_STR_PROTOTYPE_CHAIN_LIMIT);
			}
		}
		curr = DUK_HOBJECT_GET_PROTOTYPE(thr->heap, curr);
	} while (curr);

	/* out_desc is left untouched (possibly garbage), caller must use return
	 * value to determine whether out_desc can be looked up
	 */

	return 0;
}

/*
 *  Shallow fast path checks for accessing array elements with numeric
 *  indices.  The goal is to try to avoid coercing an array index to an
 *  (interned) string for the most common lookups, in particular, for
 *  standard Array objects.
 *
 *  Interning is avoided but only for a very narrow set of cases:
 *    - Object has array part, index is within array allocation, and
 *      value is not unused (= key exists)
 *    - Object has no interfering exotic behavior (e.g. arguments or
 *      string object exotic behaviors interfere, array exotic
 *      behavior does not).
 *
 *  Current shortcoming: if key does not exist (even if it is within
 *  the array allocation range) a slow path lookup with interning is
 *  always required.  This can probably be fixed so that there is a
 *  quick fast path for non-existent elements as well, at least for
 *  standard Array objects.
 */

DUK_LOCAL duk_tval *duk__getprop_shallow_fastpath_array_tval(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj, duk_tval *tv_key) {
	duk_tval *tv;
	duk_uint32_t idx;

	DUK_UNREF(thr);

	if (!(DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_ARRAY_PART(obj) &&
	     !DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_ARGUMENTS(obj) &&
	     !DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_STRINGOBJ(obj) &&
	     !DUK_HOBJECT_IS_BUFFEROBJECT(obj) &&
	     !DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_PROXYOBJ(obj))) {
		/* Must have array part and no conflicting exotic behaviors.
		 * Doesn't need to have array special behavior, e.g. Arguments
		 * object has array part.
		 */
		return NULL;
	}

	/* Arrays never have other exotic behaviors. */

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("fast path attempt (no exotic string/arguments/buffer "
	                     "behavior, object has array part)"));

#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
	if (DUK_TVAL_IS_FASTINT(tv_key)) {
		idx = duk__tval_fastint_to_arr_idx(tv_key);
	} else
#endif
	if (DUK_TVAL_IS_DOUBLE(tv_key)) {
		idx = duk__tval_number_to_arr_idx(tv_key);
	} else {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("key is not a number"));
		return NULL;
	}

	/* If index is not valid, idx will be DUK__NO_ARRAY_INDEX which
	 * is 0xffffffffUL.  We don't need to check for that explicitly
	 * because 0xffffffffUL will never be inside object 'a_size'.
	 */

	if (idx >= DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ASIZE(obj)) {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("key is not an array index or outside array part"));
		return NULL;
	}
	DUK_ASSERT(idx != 0xffffffffUL);
	DUK_ASSERT(idx != DUK__NO_ARRAY_INDEX);

	/* XXX: for array instances we could take a shortcut here and assume
	 * Array.prototype doesn't contain an array index property.
	 */

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("key is a valid array index and inside array part"));
	tv = DUK_HOBJECT_A_GET_VALUE_PTR(thr->heap, obj, idx);
	if (!DUK_TVAL_IS_UNUSED(tv)) {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("-> fast path successful"));
		return tv;
	}

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("fast path attempt failed, fall back to slow path"));
	return NULL;
}

DUK_LOCAL duk_bool_t duk__putprop_shallow_fastpath_array_tval(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj, duk_tval *tv_key, duk_tval *tv_val, duk_propdesc *temp_desc) {
	duk_tval *tv;
	duk_uint32_t idx;
	duk_uint32_t old_len, new_len;

	if (!(DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_ARRAY(obj) &&
	      DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_ARRAY_PART(obj) &&
	      DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXTENSIBLE(obj))) {
		return 0;
	}
	DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_READONLY((duk_heaphdr *) obj));  /* caller ensures */

#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
	if (DUK_TVAL_IS_FASTINT(tv_key)) {
		idx = duk__tval_fastint_to_arr_idx(tv_key);
	} else
#endif
	if (DUK_TVAL_IS_DOUBLE(tv_key)) {
		idx = duk__tval_number_to_arr_idx(tv_key);
	} else {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("key is not a number"));
		return 0;
	}

	/* If index is not valid, idx will be DUK__NO_ARRAY_INDEX which
	 * is 0xffffffffUL.  We don't need to check for that explicitly
	 * because 0xffffffffUL will never be inside object 'a_size'.
	 */

	if (idx >= DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ASIZE(obj)) {  /* for resizing of array part, use slow path */
		return 0;
	}
	DUK_ASSERT(idx != 0xffffffffUL);
	DUK_ASSERT(idx != DUK__NO_ARRAY_INDEX);

	old_len = duk__get_old_array_length(thr, obj, temp_desc);

	if (idx >= old_len) {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("write new array entry requires length update "
		                     "(arr_idx=%ld, old_len=%ld)",
		                     (long) idx, (long) old_len));
		if (!(temp_desc->flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_WRITABLE)) {
			DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, DUK_STR_NOT_WRITABLE);
			return 0;  /* not reachable */
		}
		new_len = idx + 1;

		/* No resize has occurred so temp_desc->e_idx is still OK */
		tv = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_TVAL_PTR(thr->heap, obj, temp_desc->e_idx);
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv));
		DUK_TVAL_SET_FASTINT_U32(tv, new_len);  /* no need for decref/incref because value is a number */
	} else {
		;
	}

	tv = DUK_HOBJECT_A_GET_VALUE_PTR(thr->heap, obj, idx);
	DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL_UPDREF(thr, tv, tv_val);  /* side effects */

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("array fast path success for index %ld", (long) idx));
	return 1;
}

/*
 *  Fast path for bufferobject getprop/putprop
 */

DUK_LOCAL duk_bool_t duk__getprop_fastpath_bufobj_tval(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj, duk_tval *tv_key) {
	duk_context *ctx;
	duk_uint32_t idx;
	duk_hbufferobject *h_bufobj;
	duk_uint_t byte_off;
	duk_small_uint_t elem_size;
	duk_uint8_t *data;

	ctx = (duk_context *) thr;

	if (!DUK_HOBJECT_IS_BUFFEROBJECT(obj)) {
		return 0;
	}
	h_bufobj = (duk_hbufferobject *) obj;

#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
	if (DUK_TVAL_IS_FASTINT(tv_key)) {
		idx = duk__tval_fastint_to_arr_idx(tv_key);
	} else
#endif
	if (DUK_TVAL_IS_DOUBLE(tv_key)) {
		idx = duk__tval_number_to_arr_idx(tv_key);
	} else {
		return 0;
	}

	/* If index is not valid, idx will be DUK__NO_ARRAY_INDEX which
	 * is 0xffffffffUL.  We don't need to check for that explicitly
	 * because 0xffffffffUL will never be inside bufferobject length.
	 */

	/* Careful with wrapping (left shifting idx would be unsafe). */
	if (idx >= (h_bufobj->length >> h_bufobj->shift)) {
		return 0;
	}
	DUK_ASSERT(idx != DUK__NO_ARRAY_INDEX);

	byte_off = idx << h_bufobj->shift;  /* no wrap assuming h_bufobj->length is valid */
	elem_size = 1 << h_bufobj->shift;

	if (h_bufobj->buf != NULL && DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_VALID_BYTEOFFSET_EXCL(h_bufobj, byte_off + elem_size)) {
		data = (duk_uint8_t *) DUK_HBUFFER_GET_DATA_PTR(thr->heap, h_bufobj->buf) + h_bufobj->offset + byte_off;
		duk_hbufferobject_push_validated_read(ctx, h_bufobj, data, elem_size);
	} else {
		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("bufferobject access out of underlying buffer, ignoring (read zero)"));
		duk_push_uint(ctx, 0);
	}

	return 1;
}

DUK_LOCAL duk_bool_t duk__putprop_fastpath_bufobj_tval(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj, duk_tval *tv_key, duk_tval *tv_val) {
	duk_context *ctx;
	duk_uint32_t idx;
	duk_hbufferobject *h_bufobj;
	duk_uint_t byte_off;
	duk_small_uint_t elem_size;
	duk_uint8_t *data;

	ctx = (duk_context *) thr;

	if (!(DUK_HOBJECT_IS_BUFFEROBJECT(obj) &&
	      DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv_val))) {
		return 0;
	}
	DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_READONLY((duk_heaphdr *) obj));  /* caller ensures; rom objects are never bufferobjects now */

	h_bufobj = (duk_hbufferobject *) obj;
#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
	if (DUK_TVAL_IS_FASTINT(tv_key)) {
		idx = duk__tval_fastint_to_arr_idx(tv_key);
	} else
#endif
	if (DUK_TVAL_IS_DOUBLE(tv_key)) {
		idx = duk__tval_number_to_arr_idx(tv_key);
	} else {
		return 0;
	}

	/* If index is not valid, idx will be DUK__NO_ARRAY_INDEX which
	 * is 0xffffffffUL.  We don't need to check for that explicitly
	 * because 0xffffffffUL will never be inside bufferobject length.
	 */

	/* Careful with wrapping (left shifting idx would be unsafe). */
	if (idx >= (h_bufobj->length >> h_bufobj->shift)) {
		return 0;
	}
	DUK_ASSERT(idx != DUK__NO_ARRAY_INDEX);

	byte_off = idx << h_bufobj->shift;  /* no wrap assuming h_bufobj->length is valid */
	elem_size = 1 << h_bufobj->shift;

	/* Value is required to be a number in the fast path so there
	 * are no side effects in write coercion.
	 */
	duk_push_tval(ctx, tv_val);
	DUK_ASSERT(duk_is_number(ctx, -1));

	if (h_bufobj->buf != NULL && DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_VALID_BYTEOFFSET_EXCL(h_bufobj, byte_off + elem_size)) {
		data = (duk_uint8_t *) DUK_HBUFFER_GET_DATA_PTR(thr->heap, h_bufobj->buf) + h_bufobj->offset + byte_off;
		duk_hbufferobject_validated_write(ctx, h_bufobj, data, elem_size);
	} else {
		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("bufferobject access out of underlying buffer, ignoring (write skipped)"));
	}

	duk_pop(ctx);
	return 1;
}

/*
 *  GETPROP: Ecmascript property read.
 */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_hobject_getprop(duk_hthread *thr, duk_tval *tv_obj, duk_tval *tv_key) {
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk_tval tv_obj_copy;
	duk_tval tv_key_copy;
	duk_hobject *curr = NULL;
	duk_hstring *key = NULL;
	duk_uint32_t arr_idx = DUK__NO_ARRAY_INDEX;
	duk_propdesc desc;
	duk_uint_t sanity;

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("getprop: thr=%p, obj=%p, key=%p (obj -> %!T, key -> %!T)",
	                     (void *) thr, (void *) tv_obj, (void *) tv_key,
	                     (duk_tval *) tv_obj, (duk_tval *) tv_key));

	DUK_ASSERT(ctx != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->heap != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(tv_obj != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(tv_key != NULL);

	DUK_ASSERT_VALSTACK_SPACE(thr, DUK__VALSTACK_SPACE);

	/*
	 *  Make a copy of tv_obj, tv_key, and tv_val to avoid any issues of
	 *  them being invalidated by a valstack resize.
	 *
	 *  XXX: this is now an overkill for many fast paths.  Rework this
	 *  to be faster (although switching to a valstack discipline might
	 *  be a better solution overall).
	 */

	DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL(&tv_obj_copy, tv_obj);
	DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL(&tv_key_copy, tv_key);
	tv_obj = &tv_obj_copy;
	tv_key = &tv_key_copy;

	/*
	 *  Coercion and fast path processing
	 */

	switch (DUK_TVAL_GET_TAG(tv_obj)) {
	case DUK_TAG_UNDEFINED:
	case DUK_TAG_NULL: {
		/* Note: unconditional throw */
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("base object is undefined or null -> reject"));
#if defined(DUK_USE_PARANOID_ERRORS)
		DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, DUK_STR_INVALID_BASE);
#else
		DUK_ERROR_FMT2(thr, DUK_ERR_TYPE_ERROR, "cannot read property %s of %s",
		               duk_push_string_tval_readable(ctx, tv_key), duk_push_string_tval_readable(ctx, tv_obj));
#endif
		return 0;
	}

	case DUK_TAG_BOOLEAN: {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("base object is a boolean, start lookup from boolean prototype"));
		curr = thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_BOOLEAN_PROTOTYPE];
		break;
	}

	case DUK_TAG_STRING: {
		duk_hstring *h = DUK_TVAL_GET_STRING(tv_obj);
		duk_int_t pop_count;

#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
		if (DUK_TVAL_IS_FASTINT(tv_key)) {
			arr_idx = duk__tval_fastint_to_arr_idx(tv_key);
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("base object string, key is a fast-path fastint; arr_idx %ld", (long) arr_idx));
			pop_count = 0;
		} else
#endif
		if (DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv_key)) {
			arr_idx = duk__tval_number_to_arr_idx(tv_key);
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("base object string, key is a fast-path number; arr_idx %ld", (long) arr_idx));
			pop_count = 0;
		} else {
			arr_idx = duk__push_tval_to_hstring_arr_idx(ctx, tv_key, &key);
			DUK_ASSERT(key != NULL);
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("base object string, key is a non-fast-path number; after "
			                     "coercion key is %!T, arr_idx %ld",
			                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1), (long) arr_idx));
			pop_count = 1;
		}

		if (arr_idx != DUK__NO_ARRAY_INDEX &&
		    arr_idx < DUK_HSTRING_GET_CHARLEN(h)) {
			duk_pop_n(ctx, pop_count);
			duk_push_hstring(ctx, h);
			duk_substring(ctx, -1, arr_idx, arr_idx + 1);  /* [str] -> [substr] */

			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("-> %!T (base is string, key is an index inside string length "
			                     "after coercion -> return char)",
			                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));
			return 1;
		}

		if (pop_count == 0) {
			/* This is a pretty awkward control flow, but we need to recheck the
			 * key coercion here.
			 */
			arr_idx = duk__push_tval_to_hstring_arr_idx(ctx, tv_key, &key);
			DUK_ASSERT(key != NULL);
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("base object string, key is a non-fast-path number; after "
			                     "coercion key is %!T, arr_idx %ld",
			                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1), (long) arr_idx));
		}

		if (key == DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_LENGTH(thr)) {
			duk_pop(ctx);  /* [key] -> [] */
			duk_push_uint(ctx, (duk_uint_t) DUK_HSTRING_GET_CHARLEN(h));  /* [] -> [res] */

			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("-> %!T (base is string, key is 'length' after coercion -> "
			                     "return string length)",
			                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));
			return 1;
		}
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("base object is a string, start lookup from string prototype"));
		curr = thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_STRING_PROTOTYPE];
		goto lookup;  /* avoid double coercion */
	}

	case DUK_TAG_OBJECT: {
		duk_tval *tmp;

		curr = DUK_TVAL_GET_OBJECT(tv_obj);
		DUK_ASSERT(curr != NULL);

		tmp = duk__getprop_shallow_fastpath_array_tval(thr, curr, tv_key);
		if (tmp) {
			duk_push_tval(ctx, tmp);

			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("-> %!T (base is object, key is a number, array part "
			                     "fast path)",
			                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));
			return 1;
		}

		if (duk__getprop_fastpath_bufobj_tval(thr, curr, tv_key) != 0) {
			/* Read value pushed on stack. */
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("-> %!T (base is bufobj, key is a number, bufferobject "
			                     "fast path)",
			                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));
			return 1;
		}

#if defined(DUK_USE_ES6_PROXY)
		if (DUK_UNLIKELY(DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_PROXYOBJ(curr))) {
			duk_hobject *h_target;

			if (duk__proxy_check_prop(thr, curr, DUK_STRIDX_GET, tv_key, &h_target)) {
				/* -> [ ... trap handler ] */
				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("-> proxy object 'get' for key %!T", (duk_tval *) tv_key));
				duk_push_hobject(ctx, h_target);  /* target */
				duk_push_tval(ctx, tv_key);       /* P */
				duk_push_tval(ctx, tv_obj);       /* Receiver: Proxy object */
				duk_call_method(ctx, 3 /*nargs*/);

				/* Target object must be checked for a conflicting
				 * non-configurable property.
				 */
				arr_idx = duk__push_tval_to_hstring_arr_idx(ctx, tv_key, &key);
				DUK_ASSERT(key != NULL);

				if (duk__get_own_propdesc_raw(thr, h_target, key, arr_idx, &desc, DUK_GETDESC_FLAG_PUSH_VALUE)) {
					duk_tval *tv_hook = duk_require_tval(ctx, -3);  /* value from hook */
					duk_tval *tv_targ = duk_require_tval(ctx, -1);  /* value from target */
					duk_bool_t datadesc_reject;
					duk_bool_t accdesc_reject;

					DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("proxy 'get': target has matching property %!O, check for "
					                     "conflicting property; tv_hook=%!T, tv_targ=%!T, desc.flags=0x%08lx, "
					                     "desc.get=%p, desc.set=%p",
					                     (duk_heaphdr *) key, (duk_tval *) tv_hook, (duk_tval *) tv_targ,
					                     (unsigned long) desc.flags,
					                     (void *) desc.get, (void *) desc.set));

					datadesc_reject = !(desc.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_ACCESSOR) &&
					                  !(desc.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_CONFIGURABLE) &&
					                  !(desc.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_WRITABLE) &&
					                  !duk_js_samevalue(tv_hook, tv_targ);
					accdesc_reject = (desc.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_ACCESSOR) &&
					                 !(desc.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_CONFIGURABLE) &&
					                 (desc.get == NULL) &&
					                 !DUK_TVAL_IS_UNDEFINED(tv_hook);
					if (datadesc_reject || accdesc_reject) {
						DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, DUK_STR_PROXY_REJECTED);
					}

					duk_pop_2(ctx);
				} else {
					duk_pop(ctx);
				}
				return 1;  /* return value */
			}

			curr = h_target;  /* resume lookup from target */
			DUK_TVAL_SET_OBJECT(tv_obj, curr);
		}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_ES6_PROXY */

		if (DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_ARGUMENTS(curr)) {
			arr_idx = duk__push_tval_to_hstring_arr_idx(ctx, tv_key, &key);
			DUK_ASSERT(key != NULL);

			if (duk__check_arguments_map_for_get(thr, curr, key, &desc)) {
				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("-> %!T (base is object with arguments exotic behavior, "
				                     "key matches magically bound property -> skip standard "
				                     "Get with replacement value)",
				                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));

				/* no need for 'caller' post-check, because 'key' must be an array index */

				duk_remove(ctx, -2);  /* [key result] -> [result] */
				return 1;
			}

			goto lookup;  /* avoid double coercion */
		}
		break;
	}

	/* Buffer has virtual properties similar to string, but indexed values
	 * are numbers, not 1-byte buffers/strings which would perform badly.
	 */
	case DUK_TAG_BUFFER: {
		duk_hbuffer *h = DUK_TVAL_GET_BUFFER(tv_obj);
		duk_int_t pop_count;

		/*
		 *  Because buffer values are often looped over, a number fast path
		 *  is important.
		 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
		if (DUK_TVAL_IS_FASTINT(tv_key)) {
			arr_idx = duk__tval_fastint_to_arr_idx(tv_key);
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("base object buffer, key is a fast-path fastint; arr_idx %ld", (long) arr_idx));
			pop_count = 0;
		}
		else
#endif
		if (DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv_key)) {
			arr_idx = duk__tval_number_to_arr_idx(tv_key);
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("base object buffer, key is a fast-path number; arr_idx %ld", (long) arr_idx));
			pop_count = 0;
		} else {
			arr_idx = duk__push_tval_to_hstring_arr_idx(ctx, tv_key, &key);
			DUK_ASSERT(key != NULL);
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("base object buffer, key is a non-fast-path number; after "
			                     "coercion key is %!T, arr_idx %ld",
			                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1), (long) arr_idx));
			pop_count = 1;
		}

		if (arr_idx != DUK__NO_ARRAY_INDEX &&
		    arr_idx < DUK_HBUFFER_GET_SIZE(h)) {
			duk_pop_n(ctx, pop_count);
			duk_push_uint(ctx, ((duk_uint8_t *) DUK_HBUFFER_GET_DATA_PTR(thr->heap, h))[arr_idx]);

			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("-> %!T (base is buffer, key is an index inside buffer length "
			                     "after coercion -> return byte as number)",
			                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));
			return 1;
		}

		if (pop_count == 0) {
			/* This is a pretty awkward control flow, but we need to recheck the
			 * key coercion here.
			 */
			arr_idx = duk__push_tval_to_hstring_arr_idx(ctx, tv_key, &key);
			DUK_ASSERT(key != NULL);
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("base object buffer, key is a non-fast-path number; after "
			                     "coercion key is %!T, arr_idx %ld",
			                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1), (long) arr_idx));
		}

		if (key == DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_LENGTH(thr) ||
		    key == DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_BYTE_LENGTH(thr)) {
			duk_pop(ctx);  /* [key] -> [] */
			duk_push_uint(ctx, (duk_uint_t) DUK_HBUFFER_GET_SIZE(h));  /* [] -> [res] */

			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("-> %!T (base is buffer, key is 'length' or 'byteLength' "
			                     "after coercion -> return buffer length)",
			                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));
			return 1;
		} else if (key == DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_BYTE_OFFSET(thr)) {
			duk_pop(ctx);  /* [key] -> [] */
			duk_push_uint(ctx, 0);  /* [] -> [res] */

			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("-> %!T (base is buffer, key is 'byteOffset' after coercion -> "
			                     "return 0 for consistency with Buffer objects)",
			                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));
			return 1;
		} else if (key == DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_BYTES_PER_ELEMENT(thr)) {
			duk_pop(ctx);  /* [key] -> [] */
			duk_push_uint(ctx, 1);  /* [] -> [res] */

			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("-> %!T (base is buffer, key is 'BYTES_PER_ELEMENT' after coercion -> "
			                     "return 1 for consistency with Buffer objects)",
			                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));
			return 1;
		}

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("base object is a buffer, start lookup from buffer prototype"));
		curr = thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_BUFFER_PROTOTYPE];
		goto lookup;  /* avoid double coercion */
	}

	case DUK_TAG_POINTER: {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("base object is a pointer, start lookup from pointer prototype"));
		curr = thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_POINTER_PROTOTYPE];
		break;
	}

	case DUK_TAG_LIGHTFUNC: {
		duk_int_t lf_flags = DUK_TVAL_GET_LIGHTFUNC_FLAGS(tv_obj);

		/* Must coerce key: if key is an object, it may coerce to e.g. 'length'. */
		arr_idx = duk__push_tval_to_hstring_arr_idx(ctx, tv_key, &key);

		if (key == DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_LENGTH(thr)) {
			duk_int_t lf_len = DUK_LFUNC_FLAGS_GET_LENGTH(lf_flags);
			duk_pop(ctx);
			duk_push_int(ctx, lf_len);
			return 1;
		} else if (key == DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_NAME(thr)) {
			duk_pop(ctx);
			duk_push_lightfunc_name(ctx, tv_obj);
			return 1;
		}

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("base object is a lightfunc, start lookup from function prototype"));
		curr = thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_FUNCTION_PROTOTYPE];
		goto lookup;  /* avoid double coercion */
	}

#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
	case DUK_TAG_FASTINT:
#endif
	default: {
		/* number */
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("base object is a number, start lookup from number prototype"));
		DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_TVAL_IS_UNUSED(tv_obj));
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv_obj));
		curr = thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_NUMBER_PROTOTYPE];
		break;
	}
	}

	/* key coercion (unless already coerced above) */
	DUK_ASSERT(key == NULL);
	arr_idx = duk__push_tval_to_hstring_arr_idx(ctx, tv_key, &key);
	DUK_ASSERT(key != NULL);

	/*
	 *  Property lookup
	 */

 lookup:
	/* [key] (coerced) */
	DUK_ASSERT(curr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(key != NULL);

	sanity = DUK_HOBJECT_PROTOTYPE_CHAIN_SANITY;
	do {
		if (!duk__get_own_propdesc_raw(thr, curr, key, arr_idx, &desc, DUK_GETDESC_FLAG_PUSH_VALUE)) {
			goto next_in_chain;
		}

		if (desc.get != NULL) {
			/* accessor with defined getter */
			DUK_ASSERT((desc.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_ACCESSOR) != 0);

			duk_pop(ctx);                     /* [key undefined] -> [key] */
			duk_push_hobject(ctx, desc.get);
			duk_push_tval(ctx, tv_obj);       /* note: original, uncoerced base */
#ifdef DUK_USE_NONSTD_GETTER_KEY_ARGUMENT
			duk_dup(ctx, -3);
			duk_call_method(ctx, 1);          /* [key getter this key] -> [key retval] */
#else
			duk_call_method(ctx, 0);          /* [key getter this] -> [key retval] */
#endif
		} else {
			/* [key value] or [key undefined] */

			/* data property or accessor without getter */
			DUK_ASSERT(((desc.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_ACCESSOR) == 0) ||
			           (desc.get == NULL));

			/* if accessor without getter, return value is undefined */
			DUK_ASSERT(((desc.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_ACCESSOR) == 0) ||
			           duk_is_undefined(ctx, -1));

			/* Note: for an accessor without getter, falling through to
			 * check for "caller" exotic behavior is unnecessary as
			 * "undefined" will never activate the behavior.  But it does
			 * no harm, so we'll do it anyway.
			 */
		}

		goto found;  /* [key result] */

	 next_in_chain:
		/* XXX: option to pretend property doesn't exist if sanity limit is
		 * hit might be useful.
		 */
		if (sanity-- == 0) {
			DUK_ERROR_RANGE(thr, DUK_STR_PROTOTYPE_CHAIN_LIMIT);
		}
		curr = DUK_HOBJECT_GET_PROTOTYPE(thr->heap, curr);
	} while (curr);

	/*
	 *  Not found
	 */

	duk_to_undefined(ctx, -1);  /* [key] -> [undefined] (default value) */

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("-> %!T (not found)", (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));
	return 0;

	/*
	 *  Found; post-processing (Function and arguments objects)
	 */

 found:
	/* [key result] */

#if !defined(DUK_USE_NONSTD_FUNC_CALLER_PROPERTY)
	/* Special behavior for 'caller' property of (non-bound) function objects
	 * and non-strict Arguments objects: if 'caller' -value- (!) is a strict
	 * mode function, throw a TypeError (E5 Sections 15.3.5.4, 10.6).
	 * Quite interestingly, a non-strict function with no formal arguments
	 * will get an arguments object -without- special 'caller' behavior!
	 *
	 * The E5.1 spec is a bit ambiguous if this special behavior applies when
	 * a bound function is the base value (not the 'caller' value): Section
	 * 15.3.4.5 (describing bind()) states that [[Get]] for bound functions
	 * matches that of Section 15.3.5.4 ([[Get]] for Function instances).
	 * However, Section 13.3.5.4 has "NOTE: Function objects created using
	 * Function.prototype.bind use the default [[Get]] internal method."
	 * The current implementation assumes this means that bound functions
	 * should not have the special [[Get]] behavior.
	 *
	 * The E5.1 spec is also a bit unclear if the TypeError throwing is
	 * applied if the 'caller' value is a strict bound function.  The
	 * current implementation will throw even for both strict non-bound
	 * and strict bound functions.
	 *
	 * See test-dev-strict-func-as-caller-prop-value.js for quite extensive
	 * tests.
	 *
	 * This exotic behavior is disabled when the non-standard 'caller' property
	 * is enabled, as it conflicts with the free use of 'caller'.
	 */
	if (key == DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_CALLER(thr) &&
	    DUK_TVAL_IS_OBJECT(tv_obj)) {
		duk_hobject *orig = DUK_TVAL_GET_OBJECT(tv_obj);
		DUK_ASSERT(orig != NULL);

		if (DUK_HOBJECT_IS_NONBOUND_FUNCTION(orig) ||
		    DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_ARGUMENTS(orig)) {
			duk_hobject *h;

			/* XXX: The TypeError is currently not applied to bound
			 * functions because the 'strict' flag is not copied by
			 * bind().  This may or may not be correct, the specification
			 * only refers to the value being a "strict mode Function
			 * object" which is ambiguous.
			 */
			DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_BOUND(orig));

			h = duk_get_hobject(ctx, -1);  /* NULL if not an object */
			if (h &&
			    DUK_HOBJECT_IS_FUNCTION(h) &&
			    DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_STRICT(h)) {
				/* XXX: sufficient to check 'strict', assert for 'is function' */
				DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, DUK_STR_STRICT_CALLER_READ);
			}
		}
	}
#endif   /* !DUK_USE_NONSTD_FUNC_CALLER_PROPERTY */

	duk_remove(ctx, -2);  /* [key result] -> [result] */

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("-> %!T (found)", (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));
	return 1;
}

/*
 *  HASPROP: Ecmascript property existence check ("in" operator).
 *
 *  Interestingly, the 'in' operator does not do any coercion of
 *  the target object.
 */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_hobject_hasprop(duk_hthread *thr, duk_tval *tv_obj, duk_tval *tv_key) {
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk_tval tv_key_copy;
	duk_hobject *obj;
	duk_hstring *key;
	duk_uint32_t arr_idx;
	duk_bool_t rc;
	duk_propdesc desc;

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("hasprop: thr=%p, obj=%p, key=%p (obj -> %!T, key -> %!T)",
	                     (void *) thr, (void *) tv_obj, (void *) tv_key,
	                     (duk_tval *) tv_obj, (duk_tval *) tv_key));

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->heap != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(tv_obj != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(tv_key != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT_VALSTACK_SPACE(thr, DUK__VALSTACK_SPACE);

	DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL(&tv_key_copy, tv_key);
	tv_key = &tv_key_copy;

	/*
	 *  The 'in' operator requires an object as its right hand side,
	 *  throwing a TypeError unconditionally if this is not the case.
	 *
	 *  However, lightfuncs need to behave like fully fledged objects
	 *  here to be maximally transparent, so we need to handle them
	 *  here.
	 */

	/* XXX: Refactor key coercion so that it's only called once.  It can't
	 * be trivially lifted here because the object must be type checked
	 * first.
	 */

	if (DUK_TVAL_IS_OBJECT(tv_obj)) {
		obj = DUK_TVAL_GET_OBJECT(tv_obj);
		DUK_ASSERT(obj != NULL);

		arr_idx = duk__push_tval_to_hstring_arr_idx(ctx, tv_key, &key);
	} else if (DUK_TVAL_IS_LIGHTFUNC(tv_obj)) {
		arr_idx = duk__push_tval_to_hstring_arr_idx(ctx, tv_key, &key);
		if (duk__key_is_lightfunc_ownprop(thr, key)) {
			/* FOUND */
			rc = 1;
			goto pop_and_return;
		}

		/* If not found, resume existence check from Function.prototype.
		 * We can just substitute the value in this case; nothing will
		 * need the original base value (as would be the case with e.g.
		 * setters/getters.
		 */
		obj = thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_FUNCTION_PROTOTYPE];
	} else {
		/* Note: unconditional throw */
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("base object is not an object -> reject"));
		DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, DUK_STR_INVALID_BASE);
	}

	/* XXX: fast path for arrays? */

	DUK_ASSERT(key != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(obj != NULL);
	DUK_UNREF(arr_idx);

#if defined(DUK_USE_ES6_PROXY)
	if (DUK_UNLIKELY(DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_PROXYOBJ(obj))) {
		duk_hobject *h_target;
		duk_bool_t tmp_bool;

		/* XXX: the key in 'key in obj' is string coerced before we're called
		 * (which is the required behavior in E5/E5.1/E6) so the key is a string
		 * here already.
		 */

		if (duk__proxy_check_prop(thr, obj, DUK_STRIDX_HAS, tv_key, &h_target)) {
			/* [ ... key trap handler ] */
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("-> proxy object 'has' for key %!T", (duk_tval *) tv_key));
			duk_push_hobject(ctx, h_target);  /* target */
			duk_push_tval(ctx, tv_key);       /* P */
			duk_call_method(ctx, 2 /*nargs*/);
			tmp_bool = duk_to_boolean(ctx, -1);
			if (!tmp_bool) {
				/* Target object must be checked for a conflicting
				 * non-configurable property.
				 */

				if (duk__get_own_propdesc_raw(thr, h_target, key, arr_idx, &desc, 0 /*flags*/)) {  /* don't push value */
					DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("proxy 'has': target has matching property %!O, check for "
					                     "conflicting property; desc.flags=0x%08lx, "
					                     "desc.get=%p, desc.set=%p",
					                     (duk_heaphdr *) key, (unsigned long) desc.flags,
					                     (void *) desc.get, (void *) desc.set));
					/* XXX: Extensibility check for target uses IsExtensible().  If we
					 * implemented the isExtensible trap and didn't reject proxies as
					 * proxy targets, it should be respected here.
					 */
					if (!((desc.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_CONFIGURABLE) &&  /* property is configurable and */
					      DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXTENSIBLE(h_target))) {          /* ... target is extensible */
						DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, DUK_STR_PROXY_REJECTED);
					}
				}
			}

			duk_pop_2(ctx);  /* [ key trap_result ] -> [] */
			return tmp_bool;
		}

		obj = h_target;  /* resume check from proxy target */
	}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_ES6_PROXY */

	/* XXX: inline into a prototype walking loop? */

	rc = duk__get_propdesc(thr, obj, key, &desc, 0 /*flags*/);  /* don't push value */
	/* fall through */

 pop_and_return:
	duk_pop(ctx);  /* [ key ] -> [] */
	return rc;
}

/*
 *  HASPROP variant used internally.
 *
 *  This primitive must never throw an error, callers rely on this.
 *  In particular, don't throw an error for prototype loops; instead,
 *  pretend like the property doesn't exist if a prototype sanity limit
 *  is reached.
 *
 *  Does not implement proxy behavior: if applied to a proxy object,
 *  returns key existence on the proxy object itself.
 */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_hobject_hasprop_raw(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj, duk_hstring *key) {
	duk_propdesc dummy;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->heap != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(obj != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(key != NULL);

	DUK_ASSERT_VALSTACK_SPACE(thr, DUK__VALSTACK_SPACE);

	return duk__get_propdesc(thr, obj, key, &dummy, DUK_GETDESC_FLAG_IGNORE_PROTOLOOP);  /* don't push value */
}

/*
 *  Helper: handle Array object 'length' write which automatically
 *  deletes properties, see E5 Section 15.4.5.1, step 3.  This is
 *  quite tricky to get right.
 *
 *  Used by duk_hobject_putprop().
 */

DUK_LOCAL duk_uint32_t duk__get_old_array_length(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj, duk_propdesc *temp_desc) {
	duk_bool_t rc;
	duk_tval *tv;
	duk_uint32_t res;

	DUK_ASSERT_VALSTACK_SPACE(thr, DUK__VALSTACK_SPACE);

	/* This function is only called for objects with array exotic behavior.
	 * The [[DefineOwnProperty]] algorithm for arrays requires that
	 * 'length' can never have a value outside the unsigned 32-bit range,
	 * attempt to write such a value is a RangeError.  Here we can thus
	 * assert for this.  When Duktape internals go around the official
	 * property write interface (doesn't happen often) this assumption is
	 * easy to accidentally break, so such code must be written carefully.
	 * See test-bi-array-push-maxlen.js.
	 */

	rc = duk__get_own_propdesc_raw(thr, obj, DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_LENGTH(thr), DUK__NO_ARRAY_INDEX, temp_desc, 0 /*flags*/);  /* don't push value */
	DUK_UNREF(rc);
	DUK_ASSERT(rc != 0);  /* arrays MUST have a 'length' property */
	DUK_ASSERT(temp_desc->e_idx >= 0);

	tv = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_TVAL_PTR(thr->heap, obj, temp_desc->e_idx);
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv));  /* array 'length' is always a number, as we coerce it */
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_GET_NUMBER(tv) >= 0.0);
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_GET_NUMBER(tv) <= (double) 0xffffffffUL);
	DUK_ASSERT((duk_double_t) (duk_uint32_t) DUK_TVAL_GET_NUMBER(tv) == DUK_TVAL_GET_NUMBER(tv));
#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
	/* Downgrade checks are not made everywhere, so 'length' is not always
	 * a fastint (it is a number though).  This can be removed once length
	 * is always guaranteed to be a fastint.
	 */
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_FASTINT(tv) || DUK_TVAL_IS_DOUBLE(tv));
	if (DUK_TVAL_IS_FASTINT(tv)) {
		res = (duk_uint32_t) DUK_TVAL_GET_FASTINT_U32(tv);
	} else {
		res = (duk_uint32_t) DUK_TVAL_GET_DOUBLE(tv);
	}
#else
	res = (duk_uint32_t) DUK_TVAL_GET_NUMBER(tv);
#endif  /* DUK_USE_FASTINT */

	return res;
}

DUK_LOCAL duk_uint32_t duk__to_new_array_length_checked(duk_hthread *thr) {
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk_uint32_t res;
	duk_double_t d;

	/* Input value should be on stack top and will be coerced and
	 * popped.  Refuse to update an Array's 'length' to a value
	 * outside the 32-bit range.  Negative zero is accepted as zero.
	 */

	/* XXX: fastint */

	d = duk_to_number(ctx, -1);
	res = (duk_uint32_t) d;
	if ((duk_double_t) res != d) {
		DUK_ERROR_RANGE(thr, DUK_STR_INVALID_ARRAY_LENGTH);
	}
	duk_pop(ctx);
	return res;
}

/* Delete elements required by a smaller length, taking into account
 * potentially non-configurable elements.  Returns non-zero if all
 * elements could be deleted, and zero if all or some elements could
 * not be deleted.  Also writes final "target length" to 'out_result_len'.
 * This is the length value that should go into the 'length' property
 * (must be set by the caller).  Never throws an error.
 */
DUK_LOCAL
duk_bool_t duk__handle_put_array_length_smaller(duk_hthread *thr,
                                                duk_hobject *obj,
                                                duk_uint32_t old_len,
                                                duk_uint32_t new_len,
                                                duk_bool_t force_flag,
                                                duk_uint32_t *out_result_len) {
	duk_uint32_t target_len;
	duk_uint_fast32_t i;
	duk_uint32_t arr_idx;
	duk_hstring *key;
	duk_tval *tv;
	duk_bool_t rc;

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("new array length smaller than old (%ld -> %ld), "
	                     "probably need to remove elements",
	                     (long) old_len, (long) new_len));

	/*
	 *  New length is smaller than old length, need to delete properties above
	 *  the new length.
	 *
	 *  If array part exists, this is straightforward: array entries cannot
	 *  be non-configurable so this is guaranteed to work.
	 *
	 *  If array part does not exist, array-indexed values are scattered
	 *  in the entry part, and some may not be configurable (preventing length
	 *  from becoming lower than their index + 1).  To handle the algorithm
	 *  in E5 Section 15.4.5.1, step l correctly, we scan the entire property
	 *  set twice.
	 */

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(obj != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(new_len < old_len);
	DUK_ASSERT(out_result_len != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT_VALSTACK_SPACE(thr, DUK__VALSTACK_SPACE);

	if (DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_ARRAY_PART(obj)) {
		/*
		 *  All defined array-indexed properties are in the array part
		 *  (we assume the array part is comprehensive), and all array
		 *  entries are writable, configurable, and enumerable.  Thus,
		 *  nothing can prevent array entries from being deleted.
		 */

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("have array part, easy case"));

		if (old_len < DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ASIZE(obj)) {
			/* XXX: assertion that entries >= old_len are already unused */
			i = old_len;
		} else {
			i = DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ASIZE(obj);
		}
		DUK_ASSERT(i <= DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ASIZE(obj));

		while (i > new_len) {
			i--;
			tv = DUK_HOBJECT_A_GET_VALUE_PTR(thr->heap, obj, i);
			DUK_TVAL_SET_UNUSED_UPDREF(thr, tv);  /* side effects */
		}

		*out_result_len = new_len;
		return 1;
	} else {
		/*
		 *  Entries part is a bit more complex
		 */

		/* Stage 1: find highest preventing non-configurable entry (if any).
		 * When forcing, ignore non-configurability.
		 */

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("no array part, slow case"));

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("array length write, no array part, stage 1: find target_len "
		                     "(highest preventing non-configurable entry (if any))"));

		target_len = new_len;
		if (force_flag) {
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("array length write, no array part; force flag -> skip stage 1"));
			goto skip_stage1;
		}
		for (i = 0; i < DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ENEXT(obj); i++) {
			key = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_KEY(thr->heap, obj, i);
			if (!key) {
				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("skip entry index %ld: null key", (long) i));
				continue;
			}
			if (!DUK_HSTRING_HAS_ARRIDX(key)) {
				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("skip entry index %ld: key not an array index", (long) i));
				continue;
			}

			DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HSTRING_HAS_ARRIDX(key));  /* XXX: macro checks for array index flag, which is unnecessary here */
			arr_idx = DUK_HSTRING_GET_ARRIDX_SLOW(key);
			DUK_ASSERT(arr_idx != DUK__NO_ARRAY_INDEX);
			DUK_ASSERT(arr_idx < old_len);  /* consistency requires this */

			if (arr_idx < new_len) {
				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("skip entry index %ld: key is array index %ld, below new_len",
				                     (long) i, (long) arr_idx));
				continue;
			}
			if (DUK_HOBJECT_E_SLOT_IS_CONFIGURABLE(thr->heap, obj, i)) {
				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("skip entry index %ld: key is a relevant array index %ld, but configurable",
				                     (long) i, (long) arr_idx));
				continue;
			}

			/* relevant array index is non-configurable, blocks write */
			if (arr_idx >= target_len) {
				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("entry at index %ld has arr_idx %ld, is not configurable, "
				                     "update target_len %ld -> %ld",
				                     (long) i, (long) arr_idx, (long) target_len,
				                     (long) (arr_idx + 1)));
				target_len = arr_idx + 1;
			}
		}
	 skip_stage1:

		/* stage 2: delete configurable entries above target length */

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("old_len=%ld, new_len=%ld, target_len=%ld",
		                     (long) old_len, (long) new_len, (long) target_len));

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("array length write, no array part, stage 2: remove "
		                     "entries >= target_len"));

		for (i = 0; i < DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ENEXT(obj); i++) {
			key = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_KEY(thr->heap, obj, i);
			if (!key) {
				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("skip entry index %ld: null key", (long) i));
				continue;
			}
			if (!DUK_HSTRING_HAS_ARRIDX(key)) {
				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("skip entry index %ld: key not an array index", (long) i));
				continue;
			}

			DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HSTRING_HAS_ARRIDX(key));  /* XXX: macro checks for array index flag, which is unnecessary here */
			arr_idx = DUK_HSTRING_GET_ARRIDX_SLOW(key);
			DUK_ASSERT(arr_idx != DUK__NO_ARRAY_INDEX);
			DUK_ASSERT(arr_idx < old_len);  /* consistency requires this */

			if (arr_idx < target_len) {
				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("skip entry index %ld: key is array index %ld, below target_len",
				                     (long) i, (long) arr_idx));
				continue;
			}
			DUK_ASSERT(force_flag || DUK_HOBJECT_E_SLOT_IS_CONFIGURABLE(thr->heap, obj, i));  /* stage 1 guarantees */

			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("delete entry index %ld: key is array index %ld",
			                     (long) i, (long) arr_idx));

			/*
			 *  Slow delete, but we don't care as we're already in a very slow path.
			 *  The delete always succeeds: key has no exotic behavior, property
			 *  is configurable, and no resize occurs.
			 */
			rc = duk_hobject_delprop_raw(thr, obj, key, force_flag ? DUK_DELPROP_FLAG_FORCE : 0);
			DUK_UNREF(rc);
			DUK_ASSERT(rc != 0);
		}

		/* stage 3: update length (done by caller), decide return code */

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("array length write, no array part, stage 3: update length (done by caller)"));

		*out_result_len = target_len;

		if (target_len == new_len) {
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("target_len matches new_len, return success"));
			return 1;
		}
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("target_len does not match new_len (some entry prevented "
		                     "full length adjustment), return error"));
		return 0;
	}

	DUK_UNREACHABLE();
}

/* XXX: is valstack top best place for argument? */
DUK_LOCAL duk_bool_t duk__handle_put_array_length(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj) {
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk_propdesc desc;
	duk_uint32_t old_len;
	duk_uint32_t new_len;
	duk_uint32_t result_len;
	duk_tval *tv;
	duk_bool_t rc;

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("handling a put operation to array 'length' exotic property, "
	                     "new val: %!T",
	                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(ctx != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(obj != NULL);

	DUK_ASSERT_VALSTACK_SPACE(thr, DUK__VALSTACK_SPACE);

	DUK_ASSERT(duk_is_valid_index(ctx, -1));

	/*
	 *  Get old and new length
	 */

	old_len = duk__get_old_array_length(thr, obj, &desc);
	duk_dup(ctx, -1);  /* [in_val in_val] */
	new_len = duk__to_new_array_length_checked(thr);  /* -> [in_val] */
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("old_len=%ld, new_len=%ld", (long) old_len, (long) new_len));

	/*
	 *  Writability check
	 */

	if (!(desc.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_WRITABLE)) {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("length is not writable, fail"));
		return 0;
	}

	/*
	 *  New length not lower than old length => no changes needed
	 *  (not even array allocation).
	 */

	if (new_len >= old_len) {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("new length is higher than old length, just update length, no deletions"));

		DUK_ASSERT(desc.e_idx >= 0);
		DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HOBJECT_E_SLOT_IS_ACCESSOR(thr->heap, obj, desc.e_idx));
		tv = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_TVAL_PTR(thr->heap, obj, desc.e_idx);
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv));
		/* no decref needed for a number */
		DUK_TVAL_SET_FASTINT_U32(tv, new_len);
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv));
		return 1;
	}

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("new length is lower than old length, probably must delete entries"));

	/*
	 *  New length lower than old length => delete elements, then
	 *  update length.
	 *
	 *  Note: even though a bunch of elements have been deleted, the 'desc' is
	 *  still valid as properties haven't been resized (and entries compacted).
	 */

	rc = duk__handle_put_array_length_smaller(thr, obj, old_len, new_len, 0 /*force_flag*/, &result_len);
	DUK_ASSERT(result_len >= new_len && result_len <= old_len);

	DUK_ASSERT(desc.e_idx >= 0);
	DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HOBJECT_E_SLOT_IS_ACCESSOR(thr->heap, obj, desc.e_idx));
	tv = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_TVAL_PTR(thr->heap, obj, desc.e_idx);
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv));
	/* no decref needed for a number */
	DUK_TVAL_SET_FASTINT_U32(tv, result_len);
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv));

	/* XXX: shrink array allocation or entries compaction here? */

	return rc;
}

/*
 *  PUTPROP: Ecmascript property write.
 *
 *  Unlike Ecmascript primitive which returns nothing, returns 1 to indicate
 *  success and 0 to indicate failure (assuming throw is not set).
 *
 *  This is an extremely tricky function.  Some examples:
 *
 *    * Currently a decref may trigger a GC, which may compact an object's
 *      property allocation.  Consequently, any entry indices (e_idx) will
 *      be potentially invalidated by a decref.
 *
 *    * Exotic behaviors (strings, arrays, arguments object) require,
 *      among other things:
 *
 *      - Preprocessing before and postprocessing after an actual property
 *        write.  For example, array index write requires pre-checking the
 *        array 'length' property for access control, and may require an
 *        array 'length' update after the actual write has succeeded (but
 *        not if it fails).
 *
 *      - Deletion of multiple entries, as a result of array 'length' write.
 *
 *    * Input values are taken as pointers which may point to the valstack.
 *      If valstack is resized because of the put (this may happen at least
 *      when the array part is abandoned), the pointers can be invalidated.
 *      (We currently make a copy of all of the input values to avoid issues.)
 */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_hobject_putprop(duk_hthread *thr, duk_tval *tv_obj, duk_tval *tv_key, duk_tval *tv_val, duk_bool_t throw_flag) {
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk_tval tv_obj_copy;
	duk_tval tv_key_copy;
	duk_tval tv_val_copy;
	duk_hobject *orig = NULL;  /* NULL if tv_obj is primitive */
	duk_hobject *curr;
	duk_hstring *key = NULL;
	duk_propdesc desc;
	duk_tval *tv;
	duk_uint32_t arr_idx;
	duk_bool_t rc;
	duk_int_t e_idx;
	duk_uint_t sanity;
	duk_uint32_t new_array_length = 0;  /* 0 = no update */

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("putprop: thr=%p, obj=%p, key=%p, val=%p, throw=%ld "
	                     "(obj -> %!T, key -> %!T, val -> %!T)",
	                     (void *) thr, (void *) tv_obj, (void *) tv_key, (void *) tv_val,
	                     (long) throw_flag, (duk_tval *) tv_obj, (duk_tval *) tv_key, (duk_tval *) tv_val));

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->heap != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(ctx != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(tv_obj != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(tv_key != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(tv_val != NULL);

	DUK_ASSERT_VALSTACK_SPACE(thr, DUK__VALSTACK_SPACE);

	/*
	 *  Make a copy of tv_obj, tv_key, and tv_val to avoid any issues of
	 *  them being invalidated by a valstack resize.
	 *
	 *  XXX: this is an overkill for some paths, so optimize this later
	 *  (or maybe switch to a stack arguments model entirely).
	 */

	DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL(&tv_obj_copy, tv_obj);
	DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL(&tv_key_copy, tv_key);
	DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL(&tv_val_copy, tv_val);
	tv_obj = &tv_obj_copy;
	tv_key = &tv_key_copy;
	tv_val = &tv_val_copy;

	/*
	 *  Coercion and fast path processing.
	 */

	switch (DUK_TVAL_GET_TAG(tv_obj)) {
	case DUK_TAG_UNDEFINED:
	case DUK_TAG_NULL: {
		/* Note: unconditional throw */
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("base object is undefined or null -> reject (object=%!iT)",
		                     (duk_tval *) tv_obj));
#if defined(DUK_USE_PARANOID_ERRORS)
		DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, DUK_STR_INVALID_BASE);
#else
		DUK_ERROR_FMT2(thr, DUK_ERR_TYPE_ERROR, "cannot write property %s of %s",
		               duk_push_string_tval_readable(ctx, tv_key), duk_push_string_tval_readable(ctx, tv_obj));
#endif
		return 0;
	}

	case DUK_TAG_BOOLEAN: {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("base object is a boolean, start lookup from boolean prototype"));
		curr = thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_BOOLEAN_PROTOTYPE];
		break;
	}

	case DUK_TAG_STRING: {
		duk_hstring *h = DUK_TVAL_GET_STRING(tv_obj);

		/*
		 *  Note: currently no fast path for array index writes.
		 *  They won't be possible anyway as strings are immutable.
		 */

		DUK_ASSERT(key == NULL);
		arr_idx = duk__push_tval_to_hstring_arr_idx(ctx, tv_key, &key);
		DUK_ASSERT(key != NULL);

		if (key == DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_LENGTH(thr)) {
			goto fail_not_writable;
		}

		if (arr_idx != DUK__NO_ARRAY_INDEX &&
		    arr_idx < DUK_HSTRING_GET_CHARLEN(h)) {
			goto fail_not_writable;
		}

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("base object is a string, start lookup from string prototype"));
		curr = thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_STRING_PROTOTYPE];
		goto lookup;  /* avoid double coercion */
	}

	case DUK_TAG_OBJECT: {
		orig = DUK_TVAL_GET_OBJECT(tv_obj);
		DUK_ASSERT(orig != NULL);

#if defined(DUK_USE_ROM_OBJECTS)
		/* With this check in place fast paths won't need read-only
		 * object checks.  This is technically incorrect if there are
		 * setters that cause no writes to ROM objects, but current
		 * built-ins don't have such setters.
		 */
		if (DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_READONLY((duk_heaphdr *) orig)) {
			DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("attempt to putprop on read-only target object"));
			goto fail_not_writable_no_pop;  /* Must avoid duk_pop() in exit path */
		}
#endif

		/* The fast path for array property put is not fully compliant:
		 * If one places conflicting number-indexed properties into
		 * Array.prototype (for example, a non-writable Array.prototype[7])
		 * the fast path will incorrectly ignore them.
		 *
		 * This fast path could be made compliant by falling through
		 * to the slow path if the previous value was UNUSED.  This would
		 * also remove the need to check for extensibility.  Right now a
		 * non-extensible array is slower than an extensible one as far
		 * as writes are concerned.
		 *
		 * The fast path behavior is documented in more detail here:
		 * tests/ecmascript/test-misc-array-fast-write.js
		 */

		if (duk__putprop_shallow_fastpath_array_tval(thr, orig, tv_key, tv_val, &desc) != 0) {
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("array fast path success"));
			return 1;
		}

		if (duk__putprop_fastpath_bufobj_tval(thr, orig, tv_key, tv_val) != 0) {
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("base is bufobj, key is a number, bufferobject fast path"));
			return 1;
		}

#if defined(DUK_USE_ES6_PROXY)
		if (DUK_UNLIKELY(DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_PROXYOBJ(orig))) {
			duk_hobject *h_target;
			duk_bool_t tmp_bool;

			if (duk__proxy_check_prop(thr, orig, DUK_STRIDX_SET, tv_key, &h_target)) {
				/* -> [ ... trap handler ] */
				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("-> proxy object 'set' for key %!T", (duk_tval *) tv_key));
				duk_push_hobject(ctx, h_target);  /* target */
				duk_push_tval(ctx, tv_key);       /* P */
				duk_push_tval(ctx, tv_val);       /* V */
				duk_push_tval(ctx, tv_obj);       /* Receiver: Proxy object */
				duk_call_method(ctx, 4 /*nargs*/);
				tmp_bool = duk_to_boolean(ctx, -1);
				duk_pop(ctx);
				if (!tmp_bool) {
					goto fail_proxy_rejected;
				}

				/* Target object must be checked for a conflicting
				 * non-configurable property.
				 */
				arr_idx = duk__push_tval_to_hstring_arr_idx(ctx, tv_key, &key);
				DUK_ASSERT(key != NULL);

				if (duk__get_own_propdesc_raw(thr, h_target, key, arr_idx, &desc, DUK_GETDESC_FLAG_PUSH_VALUE)) {
					duk_tval *tv_targ = duk_require_tval(ctx, -1);
					duk_bool_t datadesc_reject;
					duk_bool_t accdesc_reject;

					DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("proxy 'set': target has matching property %!O, check for "
					                     "conflicting property; tv_val=%!T, tv_targ=%!T, desc.flags=0x%08lx, "
					                     "desc.get=%p, desc.set=%p",
					                     (duk_heaphdr *) key, (duk_tval *) tv_val, (duk_tval *) tv_targ,
					                     (unsigned long) desc.flags,
					                     (void *) desc.get, (void *) desc.set));

					datadesc_reject = !(desc.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_ACCESSOR) &&
					                  !(desc.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_CONFIGURABLE) &&
					                  !(desc.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_WRITABLE) &&
					                  !duk_js_samevalue(tv_val, tv_targ);
					accdesc_reject = (desc.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_ACCESSOR) &&
					                 !(desc.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_CONFIGURABLE) &&
					                 (desc.set == NULL);
					if (datadesc_reject || accdesc_reject) {
						DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, DUK_STR_PROXY_REJECTED);
					}

					duk_pop_2(ctx);
				} else {
					duk_pop(ctx);
				}
				return 1;  /* success */
			}

			orig = h_target;  /* resume write to target */
			DUK_TVAL_SET_OBJECT(tv_obj, orig);
		}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_ES6_PROXY */

		curr = orig;
		break;
	}

	case DUK_TAG_BUFFER: {
		duk_hbuffer *h = DUK_TVAL_GET_BUFFER(tv_obj);
		duk_int_t pop_count = 0;

		/*
		 *  Because buffer values may be looped over and read/written
		 *  from, an array index fast path is important.
		 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
		if (DUK_TVAL_IS_FASTINT(tv_key)) {
			arr_idx = duk__tval_fastint_to_arr_idx(tv_key);
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("base object buffer, key is a fast-path fastint; arr_idx %ld", (long) arr_idx));
			pop_count = 0;
		} else
#endif
		if (DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv_key)) {
			arr_idx = duk__tval_number_to_arr_idx(tv_key);
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("base object buffer, key is a fast-path number; arr_idx %ld", (long) arr_idx));
			pop_count = 0;
		} else {
			arr_idx = duk__push_tval_to_hstring_arr_idx(ctx, tv_key, &key);
			DUK_ASSERT(key != NULL);
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("base object buffer, key is a non-fast-path number; after "
			                     "coercion key is %!T, arr_idx %ld",
			                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1), (long) arr_idx));
			pop_count = 1;
		}

		if (arr_idx != DUK__NO_ARRAY_INDEX &&
		    arr_idx < DUK_HBUFFER_GET_SIZE(h)) {
			duk_uint8_t *data;
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("writing to buffer data at index %ld", (long) arr_idx));
			data = (duk_uint8_t *) DUK_HBUFFER_GET_DATA_PTR(thr->heap, h);

			/* XXX: duk_to_int() ensures we'll get 8 lowest bits as
			 * as input is within duk_int_t range (capped outside it).
			 */
#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
			/* Buffer writes are often integers. */
			if (DUK_TVAL_IS_FASTINT(tv_val)) {
				data[arr_idx] = (duk_uint8_t) DUK_TVAL_GET_FASTINT_U32(tv_val);
			}
			else
#endif
			{
				duk_push_tval(ctx, tv_val);
				data[arr_idx] = (duk_uint8_t) duk_to_uint32(ctx, -1);
				pop_count++;
			}

			duk_pop_n(ctx, pop_count);
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("result: success (buffer data write)"));
			return 1;
		}

		if (pop_count == 0) {
			/* This is a pretty awkward control flow, but we need to recheck the
			 * key coercion here.
			 */
			arr_idx = duk__push_tval_to_hstring_arr_idx(ctx, tv_key, &key);
			DUK_ASSERT(key != NULL);
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("base object buffer, key is a non-fast-path number; after "
			                     "coercion key is %!T, arr_idx %ld",
			                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1), (long) arr_idx));
		}

		if (key == DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_LENGTH(thr) ||
		    key == DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_BYTE_LENGTH(thr) ||
		    key == DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_BYTE_OFFSET(thr) ||
		    key == DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_BYTES_PER_ELEMENT(thr)) {
			goto fail_not_writable;
		}

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("base object is a buffer, start lookup from buffer prototype"));
		curr = thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_BUFFER_PROTOTYPE];
		goto lookup;  /* avoid double coercion */
	}

	case DUK_TAG_POINTER: {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("base object is a pointer, start lookup from pointer prototype"));
		curr = thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_POINTER_PROTOTYPE];
		break;
	}

	case DUK_TAG_LIGHTFUNC: {
		/* All lightfunc own properties are non-writable and the lightfunc
		 * is considered non-extensible.  However, the write may be captured
		 * by an inherited setter which means we can't stop the lookup here.
		 */

		arr_idx = duk__push_tval_to_hstring_arr_idx(ctx, tv_key, &key);

		if (duk__key_is_lightfunc_ownprop(thr, key)) {
			goto fail_not_writable;
		}

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("base object is a lightfunc, start lookup from function prototype"));
		curr = thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_FUNCTION_PROTOTYPE];
		goto lookup;  /* avoid double coercion */
	}

#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
	case DUK_TAG_FASTINT:
#endif
	default: {
		/* number */
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("base object is a number, start lookup from number prototype"));
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv_obj));
		curr = thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_NUMBER_PROTOTYPE];
		break;
	}
	}

	DUK_ASSERT(key == NULL);
	arr_idx = duk__push_tval_to_hstring_arr_idx(ctx, tv_key, &key);
	DUK_ASSERT(key != NULL);

 lookup:

	/*
	 *  Check whether the property already exists in the prototype chain.
	 *  Note that the actual write goes into the original base object
	 *  (except if an accessor property captures the write).
	 */

	/* [key] */

	DUK_ASSERT(curr != NULL);
	sanity = DUK_HOBJECT_PROTOTYPE_CHAIN_SANITY;
	do {
		if (!duk__get_own_propdesc_raw(thr, curr, key, arr_idx, &desc, 0 /*flags*/)) {  /* don't push value */
			goto next_in_chain;
		}

		if (desc.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_ACCESSOR) {
			/*
			 *  Found existing accessor property (own or inherited).
			 *  Call setter with 'this' set to orig, and value as the only argument.
			 *  Setter calls are OK even for ROM objects.
			 *
			 *  Note: no exotic arguments object behavior, because [[Put]] never
			 *  calls [[DefineOwnProperty]] (E5 Section 8.12.5, step 5.b).
			 */

			duk_hobject *setter;

			DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("put to an own or inherited accessor, calling setter"));

			setter = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_SETTER(thr->heap, curr, desc.e_idx);
			if (!setter) {
				goto fail_no_setter;
			}
			duk_push_hobject(ctx, setter);
			duk_push_tval(ctx, tv_obj);  /* note: original, uncoerced base */
			duk_push_tval(ctx, tv_val);  /* [key setter this val] */
#ifdef DUK_USE_NONSTD_SETTER_KEY_ARGUMENT
			duk_dup(ctx, -4);
			duk_call_method(ctx, 2);     /* [key setter this val key] -> [key retval] */
#else
			duk_call_method(ctx, 1);     /* [key setter this val] -> [key retval] */
#endif
			duk_pop(ctx);                /* ignore retval -> [key] */
			goto success_no_arguments_exotic;
		}

		if (orig == NULL) {
			/*
			 *  Found existing own or inherited plain property, but original
			 *  base is a primitive value.
			 */
			DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("attempt to create a new property in a primitive base object"));
			goto fail_base_primitive;
		}

		if (curr != orig) {
			/*
			 *  Found existing inherited plain property.
			 *  Do an access control check, and if OK, write
			 *  new property to 'orig'.
			 */
			if (!DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXTENSIBLE(orig)) {
				DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("found existing inherited plain property, but original object is not extensible"));
				goto fail_not_extensible;
			}
			if (!(desc.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_WRITABLE)) {
				DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("found existing inherited plain property, original object is extensible, but inherited property is not writable"));
				goto fail_not_writable;
			}
			DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("put to new property, object extensible, inherited property found and is writable"));
			goto create_new;
		} else {
			/*
			 *  Found existing own (non-inherited) plain property.
			 *  Do an access control check and update in place.
			 */

			if (!(desc.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_WRITABLE)) {
				DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("found existing own (non-inherited) plain property, but property is not writable"));
				goto fail_not_writable;
			}
			if (desc.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_VIRTUAL) {
				DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("found existing own (non-inherited) virtual property, property is writable"));
				if (DUK_HOBJECT_IS_BUFFEROBJECT(curr)) {
					duk_hbufferobject *h_bufobj;
					duk_uint_t byte_off;
					duk_small_uint_t elem_size;

					h_bufobj = (duk_hbufferobject *) curr;
					DUK_ASSERT_HBUFFEROBJECT_VALID(h_bufobj);

					DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("writable virtual property is in buffer object"));

					/* Careful with wrapping: arr_idx upshift may easily wrap, whereas
					 * length downshift won't.
					 */
					if (arr_idx < (h_bufobj->length >> h_bufobj->shift)) {
						duk_uint8_t *data;
						DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("writing to buffer data at index %ld", (long) arr_idx));

						DUK_ASSERT(arr_idx != DUK__NO_ARRAY_INDEX);  /* index/length check guarantees */
						byte_off = arr_idx << h_bufobj->shift;       /* no wrap assuming h_bufobj->length is valid */
						elem_size = 1 << h_bufobj->shift;

						/* Coerce to number before validating pointers etc so that the
						 * number coercions in duk_hbufferobject_validated_write() are
						 * guaranteed to be side effect free and not invalidate the
						 * pointer checks we do here.
						 */
						duk_push_tval(ctx, tv_val);
						duk_to_number(ctx, -1);

						if (h_bufobj->buf != NULL && DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_VALID_BYTEOFFSET_EXCL(h_bufobj, byte_off + elem_size)) {
							data = (duk_uint8_t *) DUK_HBUFFER_GET_DATA_PTR(thr->heap, h_bufobj->buf) + h_bufobj->offset + byte_off;
							duk_hbufferobject_validated_write(ctx, h_bufobj, data, elem_size);
						} else {
							DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("bufferobject access out of underlying buffer, ignoring (write skipped)"));
						}
						duk_pop(ctx);
						goto success_no_arguments_exotic;
					}
				}

				goto fail_internal;  /* should not happen */
			}
			DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("put to existing own plain property, property is writable"));
			goto update_old;
		}
		DUK_UNREACHABLE();

	 next_in_chain:
		/* XXX: option to pretend property doesn't exist if sanity limit is
		 * hit might be useful.
		 */
		if (sanity-- == 0) {
			DUK_ERROR_RANGE(thr, DUK_STR_PROTOTYPE_CHAIN_LIMIT);
		}
		curr = DUK_HOBJECT_GET_PROTOTYPE(thr->heap, curr);
	} while (curr);

	/*
	 *  Property not found in prototype chain.
	 */

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("property not found in prototype chain"));

	if (orig == NULL) {
		DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("attempt to create a new property in a primitive base object"));
		goto fail_base_primitive;
	}

	if (!DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXTENSIBLE(orig)) {
		DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("put to a new property (not found in prototype chain), but original object not extensible"));
		goto fail_not_extensible;
	}

	goto create_new;

 update_old:

	/*
	 *  Update an existing property of the base object.
	 */

	/* [key] */

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("update an existing property of the original object"));

	DUK_ASSERT(orig != NULL);
#if defined(DUK_USE_ROM_OBJECTS)
	/* This should not happen because DUK_TAG_OBJECT case checks
	 * for this already, but check just in case.
	 */
	if (DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_READONLY((duk_heaphdr *) orig)) {
		goto fail_not_writable;
	}
#endif

	/* Although there are writable virtual properties (e.g. plain buffer
	 * and buffer object number indices), they are handled before we come
	 * here.
	 */
	DUK_ASSERT((desc.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_VIRTUAL) == 0);
	DUK_ASSERT(desc.a_idx >= 0 || desc.e_idx >= 0);

	if (DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_ARRAY(orig) &&
	    key == DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_LENGTH(thr)) {
		/*
		 *  Write to 'length' of an array is a very complex case
		 *  handled in a helper which updates both the array elements
		 *  and writes the new 'length'.  The write may result in an
		 *  unconditional RangeError or a partial write (indicated
		 *  by a return code).
		 *
		 *  Note: the helper has an unnecessary writability check
		 *  for 'length', we already know it is writable.
		 */

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("writing existing 'length' property to array exotic, invoke complex helper"));

		/* XXX: the helper currently assumes stack top contains new
		 * 'length' value and the whole calling convention is not very
		 * compatible with what we need.
		 */

		duk_push_tval(ctx, tv_val);  /* [key val] */
		rc = duk__handle_put_array_length(thr, orig);
		duk_pop(ctx);  /* [key val] -> [key] */
		if (!rc) {
			goto fail_array_length_partial;
		}

		/* key is 'length', cannot match argument exotic behavior */
		goto success_no_arguments_exotic;
	}

	if (desc.e_idx >= 0) {
		tv = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_TVAL_PTR(thr->heap, orig, desc.e_idx);
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("previous entry value: %!iT", (duk_tval *) tv));
		DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL_UPDREF(thr, tv, tv_val);  /* side effects */
		/* don't touch property attributes or hash part */
		DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("put to an existing entry at index %ld -> new value %!iT",
		                   (long) desc.e_idx, (duk_tval *) tv));
	} else {
		/* Note: array entries are always writable, so the writability check
		 * above is pointless for them.  The check could be avoided with some
		 * refactoring but is probably not worth it.
		 */

		DUK_ASSERT(desc.a_idx >= 0);
		tv = DUK_HOBJECT_A_GET_VALUE_PTR(thr->heap, orig, desc.a_idx);
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("previous array value: %!iT", (duk_tval *) tv));
		DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL_UPDREF(thr, tv, tv_val);  /* side effects */
		DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("put to an existing array entry at index %ld -> new value %!iT",
		                   (long) desc.a_idx, (duk_tval *) tv));
	}

	/* Regardless of whether property is found in entry or array part,
	 * it may have arguments exotic behavior (array indices may reside
	 * in entry part for abandoned / non-existent array parts).
	 */
	goto success_with_arguments_exotic;

 create_new:

	/*
	 *  Create a new property in the original object.
	 *
	 *  Exotic properties need to be reconsidered here from a write
	 *  perspective (not just property attributes perspective).
	 *  However, the property does not exist in the object already,
	 *  so this limits the kind of exotic properties that apply.
	 */

	/* [key] */

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("create new property to original object"));

	DUK_ASSERT(orig != NULL);

#if defined(DUK_USE_ROM_OBJECTS)
	/* This should not happen because DUK_TAG_OBJECT case checks
	 * for this already, but check just in case.
	 */
	if (DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_READONLY((duk_heaphdr *) orig)) {
		goto fail_not_writable;
	}
#endif

	/* Not possible because array object 'length' is present
	 * from its creation and cannot be deleted, and is thus
	 * caught as an existing property above.
	 */
	DUK_ASSERT(!(DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_ARRAY(orig) &&
	             key == DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_LENGTH(thr)));

	if (DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_ARRAY(orig) &&
	    arr_idx != DUK__NO_ARRAY_INDEX) {
		/* automatic length update */
		duk_uint32_t old_len;

		old_len = duk__get_old_array_length(thr, orig, &desc);

		if (arr_idx >= old_len) {
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("write new array entry requires length update "
			                     "(arr_idx=%ld, old_len=%ld)",
			                     (long) arr_idx, (long) old_len));

			if (!(desc.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_WRITABLE)) {
				DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("attempt to extend array, but array 'length' is not writable"));
				goto fail_not_writable;
			}

			/* Note: actual update happens once write has been completed
			 * without error below.  The write should always succeed
			 * from a specification viewpoint, but we may e.g. run out
			 * of memory.  It's safer in this order.
			 */

			DUK_ASSERT(arr_idx != 0xffffffffUL);
			new_array_length = arr_idx + 1;  /* flag for later write */
		} else {
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("write new array entry does not require length update "
			                     "(arr_idx=%ld, old_len=%ld)",
			                     (long) arr_idx, (long) old_len));
		}
	}

 /* write_to_array_part: */

	/*
	 *  Write to array part?
	 *
	 *  Note: array abandonding requires a property resize which uses
	 *  'rechecks' valstack for temporaries and may cause any existing
	 *  valstack pointers to be invalidated.  To protect against this,
	 *  tv_obj, tv_key, and tv_val are copies of the original inputs.
	 */

	if (arr_idx != DUK__NO_ARRAY_INDEX &&
	    DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_ARRAY_PART(orig)) {
		if (arr_idx < DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ASIZE(orig)) {
			goto no_array_growth;
		}

		/*
		 *  Array needs to grow, but we don't want it becoming too sparse.
		 *  If it were to become sparse, abandon array part, moving all
		 *  array entries into the entries part (for good).
		 *
		 *  Since we don't keep track of actual density (used vs. size) of
		 *  the array part, we need to estimate somehow.  The check is made
		 *  in two parts:
		 *
		 *    - Check whether the resize need is small compared to the
		 *      current size (relatively); if so, resize without further
		 *      checking (essentially we assume that the original part is
		 *      "dense" so that the result would be dense enough).
		 *
		 *    - Otherwise, compute the resize using an actual density
		 *      measurement based on counting the used array entries.
		 */

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("write to new array requires array resize, decide whether to do a "
		                     "fast resize without abandon check (arr_idx=%ld, old_size=%ld)",
		                     (long) arr_idx, (long) DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ASIZE(orig)));

		if (duk__abandon_array_slow_check_required(arr_idx, DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ASIZE(orig))) {
			duk_uint32_t old_used;
			duk_uint32_t old_size;

			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("=> fast check is NOT OK, do slow check for array abandon"));

			duk__compute_a_stats(thr, orig, &old_used, &old_size);

			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("abandon check, array stats: old_used=%ld, old_size=%ld, arr_idx=%ld",
			                     (long) old_used, (long) old_size, (long) arr_idx));

			/* Note: intentionally use approximations to shave a few instructions:
			 *   a_used = old_used  (accurate: old_used + 1)
			 *   a_size = arr_idx   (accurate: arr_idx + 1)
			 */
			if (duk__abandon_array_density_check(old_used, arr_idx)) {
				DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("write to new array entry beyond current length, "
				                   "decided to abandon array part (would become too sparse)"));

				/* abandoning requires a props allocation resize and
				 * 'rechecks' the valstack, invalidating any existing
				 * valstack value pointers!
				 */
				duk__abandon_array_checked(thr, orig);
				DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_ARRAY_PART(orig));

				goto write_to_entry_part;
			}

			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("=> decided to keep array part"));
		} else {
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("=> fast resize is OK"));
		}

		DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("write to new array entry beyond current length, "
		                   "decided to extend current allocation"));

		duk__grow_props_for_array_item(thr, orig, arr_idx);

	 no_array_growth:

		/* Note: assume array part is comprehensive, so that either
		 * the write goes to the array part, or we've abandoned the
		 * array above (and will not come here).
		 */

		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_ARRAY_PART(orig));
		DUK_ASSERT(arr_idx < DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ASIZE(orig));

		tv = DUK_HOBJECT_A_GET_VALUE_PTR(thr->heap, orig, arr_idx);
		/* prev value must be unused, no decref */
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_UNUSED(tv));
		DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL(tv, tv_val);
		DUK_TVAL_INCREF(thr, tv);
		DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("put to new array entry: %ld -> %!T",
		                   (long) arr_idx, (duk_tval *) tv));

		/* Note: array part values are [[Writable]], [[Enumerable]],
		 * and [[Configurable]] which matches the required attributes
		 * here.
		 */
		goto entry_updated;
	}

 write_to_entry_part:

	/*
	 *  Write to entry part
	 */

	/* entry allocation updates hash part and increases the key
	 * refcount; may need a props allocation resize but doesn't
	 * 'recheck' the valstack.
	 */
	e_idx = duk__alloc_entry_checked(thr, orig, key);
	DUK_ASSERT(e_idx >= 0);

	tv = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_TVAL_PTR(thr->heap, orig, e_idx);
	/* prev value can be garbage, no decref */
	DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL(tv, tv_val);
	DUK_TVAL_INCREF(thr, tv);
	DUK_HOBJECT_E_SET_FLAGS(thr->heap, orig, e_idx, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_WEC);
	goto entry_updated;

 entry_updated:

	/*
	 *  Possible pending array length update, which must only be done
	 *  if the actual entry write succeeded.
	 */

	if (new_array_length > 0) {
		/*
		 *  Note: zero works as a "no update" marker because the new length
		 *  can never be zero after a new property is written.
		 *
		 *  Note: must re-lookup because calls above (e.g. duk__alloc_entry_checked())
		 *  may realloc and compact properties and hence change e_idx.
		 */

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("write successful, pending array length update to: %ld",
		                     (long) new_array_length));

		rc = duk__get_own_propdesc_raw(thr, orig, DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_LENGTH(thr), DUK__NO_ARRAY_INDEX, &desc, 0 /*flags*/);  /* don't push value */
		DUK_UNREF(rc);
		DUK_ASSERT(rc != 0);
		DUK_ASSERT(desc.e_idx >= 0);

		tv = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_TVAL_PTR(thr->heap, orig, desc.e_idx);
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv));
		/* no need for decref/incref because value is a number */
		DUK_TVAL_SET_FASTINT_U32(tv, new_array_length);
	}

	/*
	 *  Arguments exotic behavior not possible for new properties: all
	 *  magically bound properties are initially present in the arguments
	 *  object, and if they are deleted, the binding is also removed from
	 *  parameter map.
	 */

	goto success_no_arguments_exotic;

 success_with_arguments_exotic:

	/*
	 *  Arguments objects have exotic [[DefineOwnProperty]] which updates
	 *  the internal 'map' of arguments for writes to currently mapped
	 *  arguments.  More conretely, writes to mapped arguments generate
	 *  a write to a bound variable.
	 *
	 *  The [[Put]] algorithm invokes [[DefineOwnProperty]] for existing
	 *  data properties and new properties, but not for existing accessors.
	 *  Hence, in E5 Section 10.6 ([[DefinedOwnProperty]] algorithm), we
	 *  have a Desc with 'Value' (and possibly other properties too), and
	 *  we end up in step 5.b.i.
	 */

	if (arr_idx != DUK__NO_ARRAY_INDEX &&
	    DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_ARGUMENTS(orig)) {
		/* Note: only numbered indices are relevant, so arr_idx fast reject
		 * is good (this is valid unless there are more than 4**32-1 arguments).
		 */

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("putprop successful, arguments exotic behavior needed"));

		/* Note: we can reuse 'desc' here */

		/* XXX: top of stack must contain value, which helper doesn't touch,
		 * rework to use tv_val directly?
		 */

		duk_push_tval(ctx, tv_val);
		(void) duk__check_arguments_map_for_put(thr, orig, key, &desc, throw_flag);
		duk_pop(ctx);
	}
	/* fall thru */

 success_no_arguments_exotic:
	/* shared exit path now */
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("result: success"));
	duk_pop(ctx);  /* remove key */
	return 1;

#if defined(DUK_USE_ES6_PROXY)
 fail_proxy_rejected:
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("result: error, proxy rejects"));
	if (throw_flag) {
		DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, DUK_STR_PROXY_REJECTED);
	}
	/* Note: no key on stack */
	return 0;
#endif

 fail_base_primitive:
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("result: error, base primitive"));
	if (throw_flag) {
#if defined(DUK_USE_PARANOID_ERRORS)
		DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, DUK_STR_INVALID_BASE);
#else
		DUK_ERROR_FMT2(thr, DUK_ERR_TYPE_ERROR, "cannot write property %s of %s",
		               duk_push_string_tval_readable(ctx, tv_key), duk_push_string_tval_readable(ctx, tv_obj));
#endif
	}
	duk_pop(ctx);  /* remove key */
	return 0;

 fail_not_extensible:
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("result: error, not extensible"));
	if (throw_flag) {
		DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, DUK_STR_NOT_EXTENSIBLE);
	}
	duk_pop(ctx);  /* remove key */
	return 0;

 fail_not_writable:
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("result: error, not writable"));
	if (throw_flag) {
		DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, DUK_STR_NOT_WRITABLE);
	}
	duk_pop(ctx);  /* remove key */
	return 0;

#if defined(DUK_USE_ROM_OBJECTS)
 fail_not_writable_no_pop:
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("result: error, not writable"));
	if (throw_flag) {
		DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, DUK_STR_NOT_WRITABLE);
	}
	return 0;
#endif

 fail_array_length_partial:
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("result: error, array length write only partially successful"));
	if (throw_flag) {
		DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, DUK_STR_ARRAY_LENGTH_WRITE_FAILED);
	}
	duk_pop(ctx);  /* remove key */
	return 0;

 fail_no_setter:
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("result: error, accessor property without setter"));
	if (throw_flag) {
		DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, DUK_STR_SETTER_UNDEFINED);
	}
	duk_pop(ctx);  /* remove key */
	return 0;

 fail_internal:
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("result: error, internal"));
	if (throw_flag) {
		DUK_ERROR_INTERNAL_DEFMSG(thr);
	}
	duk_pop(ctx);  /* remove key */
	return 0;
}

/*
 *  Ecmascript compliant [[Delete]](P, Throw).
 */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_hobject_delprop_raw(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj, duk_hstring *key, duk_small_uint_t flags) {
	duk_propdesc desc;
	duk_tval *tv;
	duk_uint32_t arr_idx;
	duk_bool_t throw_flag;
	duk_bool_t force_flag;

	throw_flag = (flags & DUK_DELPROP_FLAG_THROW);
	force_flag = (flags & DUK_DELPROP_FLAG_FORCE);

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("delprop_raw: thr=%p, obj=%p, key=%p, throw=%ld, force=%ld (obj -> %!O, key -> %!O)",
	                     (void *) thr, (void *) obj, (void *) key, (long) throw_flag, (long) force_flag,
	                     (duk_heaphdr *) obj, (duk_heaphdr *) key));

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->heap != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(obj != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(key != NULL);

	DUK_ASSERT_VALSTACK_SPACE(thr, DUK__VALSTACK_SPACE);

	arr_idx = DUK_HSTRING_GET_ARRIDX_FAST(key);

	/* 0 = don't push current value */
	if (!duk__get_own_propdesc_raw(thr, obj, key, arr_idx, &desc, 0 /*flags*/)) {  /* don't push value */
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("property not found, succeed always"));
		goto success;
	}

#if defined(DUK_USE_ROM_OBJECTS)
	if (DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_READONLY((duk_heaphdr *) obj)) {
		DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("attempt to delprop on read-only target object"));
		goto fail_not_configurable;
	}
#endif

	if ((desc.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_CONFIGURABLE) == 0 && !force_flag) {
		goto fail_not_configurable;
	}
	if (desc.a_idx < 0 && desc.e_idx < 0) {
		/* Currently there are no deletable virtual properties, but
		 * with force_flag we might attempt to delete one.
		 */
		goto fail_virtual;
	}

	if (desc.a_idx >= 0) {
		DUK_ASSERT(desc.e_idx < 0);

		tv = DUK_HOBJECT_A_GET_VALUE_PTR(thr->heap, obj, desc.a_idx);
		DUK_TVAL_SET_UNUSED_UPDREF(thr, tv);  /* side effects */
		goto success;
	} else {
		duk_hobject *h_get = NULL;
		duk_hobject *h_set = NULL;
		duk_tval tv_tmp;

		DUK_ASSERT(desc.a_idx < 0);

		/* Set property slot to an empty state.  Careful not to invoke
		 * any side effects while using desc.e_idx so that it doesn't
		 * get invalidated by a finalizer mutating our object.
		 */

		/* remove hash entry (no decref) */
#if defined(DUK_USE_HOBJECT_HASH_PART)
		if (desc.h_idx >= 0) {
			duk_uint32_t *h_base = DUK_HOBJECT_H_GET_BASE(thr->heap, obj);

			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("removing hash entry at h_idx %ld", (long) desc.h_idx));
			DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_GET_HSIZE(obj) > 0);
			DUK_ASSERT((duk_uint32_t) desc.h_idx < DUK_HOBJECT_GET_HSIZE(obj));
			h_base[desc.h_idx] = DUK__HASH_DELETED;
		} else {
			DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_GET_HSIZE(obj) == 0);
		}
#else
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_GET_HSIZE(obj) == 0);
#endif

		/* remove value */
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("before removing value, e_idx %ld, key %p, key at slot %p",
		                     (long) desc.e_idx, (void *) key, (void *) DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_KEY(thr->heap, obj, desc.e_idx)));
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("removing value at e_idx %ld", (long) desc.e_idx));
		DUK_MEMSET((void *) &tv_tmp, 0, sizeof(tv_tmp));
		DUK_TVAL_SET_UNDEFINED(&tv_tmp);
		if (DUK_HOBJECT_E_SLOT_IS_ACCESSOR(thr->heap, obj, desc.e_idx)) {
			h_get = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_GETTER(thr->heap, obj, desc.e_idx);
			h_set = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_SETTER(thr->heap, obj, desc.e_idx);
			DUK_HOBJECT_E_SET_VALUE_GETTER(thr->heap, obj, desc.e_idx, NULL);
			DUK_HOBJECT_E_SET_VALUE_SETTER(thr->heap, obj, desc.e_idx, NULL);
		} else {
			tv = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_TVAL_PTR(thr->heap, obj, desc.e_idx);
			DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL(&tv_tmp, tv);
			DUK_TVAL_SET_UNDEFINED(tv);
		}
#if 0
		/* Not strictly necessary because if key == NULL, flag MUST be ignored. */
		DUK_HOBJECT_E_SET_FLAGS(thr->heap, obj, desc.e_idx, 0);
#endif

		/* remove key */
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("before removing key, e_idx %ld, key %p, key at slot %p",
		                     (long) desc.e_idx, (void *) key, (void *) DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_KEY(thr->heap, obj, desc.e_idx)));
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("removing key at e_idx %ld", (long) desc.e_idx));
		DUK_ASSERT(key == DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_KEY(thr->heap, obj, desc.e_idx));
		DUK_HOBJECT_E_SET_KEY(thr->heap, obj, desc.e_idx, NULL);

		/* Do decrefs only with safe pointers to avoid side effects
		 * disturbing e_idx.
		 */
		DUK_TVAL_DECREF(thr, &tv_tmp);
		DUK_HOBJECT_DECREF_ALLOWNULL(thr, h_get);
		DUK_HOBJECT_DECREF_ALLOWNULL(thr, h_set);
		DUK_HSTRING_DECREF(thr, key);
		goto success;
	}

	DUK_UNREACHABLE();

 success:
	/*
	 *  Argument exotic [[Delete]] behavior (E5 Section 10.6) is
	 *  a post-check, keeping arguments internal 'map' in sync with
	 *  any successful deletes (note that property does not need to
	 *  exist for delete to 'succeed').
	 *
	 *  Delete key from 'map'.  Since 'map' only contains array index
	 *  keys, we can use arr_idx for a fast skip.
	 */

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("delete successful, check for arguments exotic behavior"));

	if (arr_idx != DUK__NO_ARRAY_INDEX && DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_ARGUMENTS(obj)) {
		/* Note: only numbered indices are relevant, so arr_idx fast reject
		 * is good (this is valid unless there are more than 4**32-1 arguments).
		 */

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("delete successful, arguments exotic behavior needed"));

		/* Note: we can reuse 'desc' here */
		(void) duk__check_arguments_map_for_delete(thr, obj, key, &desc);
	}

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("delete successful"));
	return 1;

 fail_virtual:
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("delete failed: property found, force flag, but virtual"));

	if (throw_flag) {
		DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, DUK_STR_PROPERTY_IS_VIRTUAL);
	}
	return 0;

 fail_not_configurable:
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("delete failed: property found, not configurable"));

	if (throw_flag) {
		DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, DUK_STR_NOT_CONFIGURABLE);
	}
	return 0;
}

/*
 *  DELPROP: Ecmascript property deletion.
 */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_hobject_delprop(duk_hthread *thr, duk_tval *tv_obj, duk_tval *tv_key, duk_bool_t throw_flag) {
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk_hstring *key = NULL;
#if defined(DUK_USE_ES6_PROXY)
	duk_propdesc desc;
#endif
	duk_int_t entry_top;
	duk_uint32_t arr_idx = DUK__NO_ARRAY_INDEX;
	duk_bool_t rc;

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("delprop: thr=%p, obj=%p, key=%p (obj -> %!T, key -> %!T)",
	                     (void *) thr, (void *) tv_obj, (void *) tv_key,
	                     (duk_tval *) tv_obj, (duk_tval *) tv_key));

	DUK_ASSERT(ctx != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->heap != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(tv_obj != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(tv_key != NULL);

	DUK_ASSERT_VALSTACK_SPACE(thr, DUK__VALSTACK_SPACE);

	/* Storing the entry top is cheaper here to ensure stack is correct at exit,
	 * as there are several paths out.
	 */
	entry_top = duk_get_top(ctx);

	if (DUK_TVAL_IS_UNDEFINED(tv_obj) ||
	    DUK_TVAL_IS_NULL(tv_obj)) {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("base object is undefined or null -> reject"));
		goto fail_invalid_base_uncond;
	}

	duk_push_tval(ctx, tv_obj);
	duk_push_tval(ctx, tv_key);

	tv_obj = DUK_GET_TVAL_NEGIDX(ctx, -2);
	if (DUK_TVAL_IS_OBJECT(tv_obj)) {
		duk_hobject *obj = DUK_TVAL_GET_OBJECT(tv_obj);
		DUK_ASSERT(obj != NULL);

#if defined(DUK_USE_ES6_PROXY)
		if (DUK_UNLIKELY(DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_PROXYOBJ(obj))) {
			duk_hobject *h_target;
			duk_bool_t tmp_bool;

			/* Note: proxy handling must happen before key is string coerced. */

			if (duk__proxy_check_prop(thr, obj, DUK_STRIDX_DELETE_PROPERTY, tv_key, &h_target)) {
				/* -> [ ... trap handler ] */
				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("-> proxy object 'deleteProperty' for key %!T", (duk_tval *) tv_key));
				duk_push_hobject(ctx, h_target);  /* target */
				duk_push_tval(ctx, tv_key);       /* P */
				duk_call_method(ctx, 2 /*nargs*/);
				tmp_bool = duk_to_boolean(ctx, -1);
				duk_pop(ctx);
				if (!tmp_bool) {
					goto fail_proxy_rejected;  /* retval indicates delete failed */
				}

				/* Target object must be checked for a conflicting
				 * non-configurable property.
				 */
				arr_idx = duk__push_tval_to_hstring_arr_idx(ctx, tv_key, &key);
				DUK_ASSERT(key != NULL);

				if (duk__get_own_propdesc_raw(thr, h_target, key, arr_idx, &desc, 0 /*flags*/)) {  /* don't push value */
					int desc_reject;

					DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("proxy 'deleteProperty': target has matching property %!O, check for "
					                     "conflicting property; desc.flags=0x%08lx, "
					                     "desc.get=%p, desc.set=%p",
					                     (duk_heaphdr *) key, (unsigned long) desc.flags,
					                     (void *) desc.get, (void *) desc.set));

					desc_reject = !(desc.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_CONFIGURABLE);
					if (desc_reject) {
						/* unconditional */
						DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, DUK_STR_PROXY_REJECTED);
					}
				}
				rc = 1;  /* success */
				goto done_rc;
			}

			obj = h_target;  /* resume delete to target */
		}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_ES6_PROXY */

		duk_to_string(ctx, -1);
		key = duk_get_hstring(ctx, -1);
		DUK_ASSERT(key != NULL);

		rc = duk_hobject_delprop_raw(thr, obj, key, throw_flag ? DUK_DELPROP_FLAG_THROW : 0);
		goto done_rc;
	} else if (DUK_TVAL_IS_STRING(tv_obj)) {
		/* XXX: unnecessary string coercion for array indices,
		 * intentional to keep small.
		 */
		duk_hstring *h = DUK_TVAL_GET_STRING(tv_obj);
		DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);

		duk_to_string(ctx, -1);
		key = duk_get_hstring(ctx, -1);
		DUK_ASSERT(key != NULL);

		if (key == DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_LENGTH(thr)) {
			goto fail_not_configurable;
		}

		arr_idx = DUK_HSTRING_GET_ARRIDX_FAST(key);

		if (arr_idx != DUK__NO_ARRAY_INDEX &&
		    arr_idx < DUK_HSTRING_GET_CHARLEN(h)) {
			goto fail_not_configurable;
		}
	} else if (DUK_TVAL_IS_BUFFER(tv_obj)) {
		/* XXX: unnecessary string coercion for array indices,
		 * intentional to keep small; some overlap with string
		 * handling.
		 */
		duk_hbuffer *h = DUK_TVAL_GET_BUFFER(tv_obj);
		DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);

		duk_to_string(ctx, -1);
		key = duk_get_hstring(ctx, -1);
		DUK_ASSERT(key != NULL);

		if (key == DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_LENGTH(thr)) {
			goto fail_not_configurable;
		}

		arr_idx = DUK_HSTRING_GET_ARRIDX_FAST(key);

		if (arr_idx != DUK__NO_ARRAY_INDEX &&
		    arr_idx < DUK_HBUFFER_GET_SIZE(h)) {
			goto fail_not_configurable;
		}
	} else if (DUK_TVAL_IS_LIGHTFUNC(tv_obj)) {
		/* Lightfunc virtual properties are non-configurable, so
		 * reject if match any of them.
		 */

		duk_to_string(ctx, -1);
		key = duk_get_hstring(ctx, -1);
		DUK_ASSERT(key != NULL);

		if (duk__key_is_lightfunc_ownprop(thr, key)) {
			goto fail_not_configurable;
		}
	}

	/* non-object base, no offending virtual property */
	rc = 1;
	goto done_rc;

 done_rc:
	duk_set_top(ctx, entry_top);
	return rc;

 fail_invalid_base_uncond:
	/* Note: unconditional throw */
	DUK_ASSERT(duk_get_top(ctx) == entry_top);
#if defined(DUK_USE_PARANOID_ERRORS)
	DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, DUK_STR_INVALID_BASE);
#else
	DUK_ERROR_FMT2(thr, DUK_ERR_TYPE_ERROR, "cannot delete property %s of %s",
	               duk_push_string_tval_readable(ctx, tv_key), duk_push_string_tval_readable(ctx, tv_obj));
#endif
	return 0;

#if defined(DUK_USE_ES6_PROXY)
 fail_proxy_rejected:
	if (throw_flag) {
		DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, DUK_STR_PROXY_REJECTED);
	}
	duk_set_top(ctx, entry_top);
	return 0;
#endif

 fail_not_configurable:
	if (throw_flag) {
		DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, DUK_STR_NOT_CONFIGURABLE);
	}
	duk_set_top(ctx, entry_top);
	return 0;
}

/*
 *  Internal helper to define a property with specific flags, ignoring
 *  normal semantics such as extensibility, write protection etc.
 *  Overwrites any existing value and attributes unless caller requests
 *  that value only be updated if it doesn't already exists.
 *
 *  Does not support:
 *    - virtual properties (error if write attempted)
 *    - getter/setter properties (error if write attempted)
 *    - non-default (!= WEC) attributes for array entries (error if attempted)
 *    - array abandoning: if array part exists, it is always extended
 *    - array 'length' updating
 *
 *  Stack: [... in_val] -> []
 *
 *  Used for e.g. built-in initialization and environment record
 *  operations.
 */

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_hobject_define_property_internal(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj, duk_hstring *key, duk_small_uint_t flags) {
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk_propdesc desc;
	duk_uint32_t arr_idx;
	duk_int_t e_idx;
	duk_tval *tv1 = NULL;
	duk_tval *tv2 = NULL;
	duk_small_uint_t propflags = flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_MASK;  /* mask out flags not actually stored */

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("define new property (internal): thr=%p, obj=%!O, key=%!O, flags=0x%02lx, val=%!T",
	                     (void *) thr, (duk_heaphdr *) obj, (duk_heaphdr *) key,
	                     (unsigned long) flags, (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->heap != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(obj != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(key != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_READONLY((duk_heaphdr *) obj));
	DUK_ASSERT_VALSTACK_SPACE(thr, DUK__VALSTACK_SPACE);
	DUK_ASSERT(duk_is_valid_index(ctx, -1));  /* contains value */

	arr_idx = DUK_HSTRING_GET_ARRIDX_SLOW(key);

	if (duk__get_own_propdesc_raw(thr, obj, key, arr_idx, &desc, 0 /*flags*/)) {  /* don't push value */
		if (desc.e_idx >= 0) {
			if (flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_NO_OVERWRITE) {
				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("property already exists in the entry part -> skip as requested"));
				goto pop_exit;
			}
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("property already exists in the entry part -> update value and attributes"));
			if (DUK_UNLIKELY(DUK_HOBJECT_E_SLOT_IS_ACCESSOR(thr->heap, obj, desc.e_idx))) {
				DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("existing property is an accessor, not supported"));
				goto error_internal;
			}

			DUK_HOBJECT_E_SET_FLAGS(thr->heap, obj, desc.e_idx, propflags);
			tv1 = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_TVAL_PTR(thr->heap, obj, desc.e_idx);
		} else if (desc.a_idx >= 0) {
			if (flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_NO_OVERWRITE) {
				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("property already exists in the array part -> skip as requested"));
				goto pop_exit;
			}
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("property already exists in the array part -> update value (assert attributes)"));
			if (propflags != DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_WEC) {
				DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("existing property in array part, but propflags not WEC (0x%02lx)",
				                 (unsigned long) propflags));
				goto error_internal;
			}

			tv1 = DUK_HOBJECT_A_GET_VALUE_PTR(thr->heap, obj, desc.a_idx);
		} else {
			if (flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_NO_OVERWRITE) {
				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("property already exists but is virtual -> skip as requested"));
				goto pop_exit;
			}
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("property already exists but is virtual -> failure"));
			goto error_virtual;
		}

		goto write_value;
	}

	if (DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_ARRAY_PART(obj)) {
		if (arr_idx != DUK__NO_ARRAY_INDEX) {
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("property does not exist, object has array part -> possibly extend array part and write value (assert attributes)"));
			DUK_ASSERT(propflags == DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_WEC);

			/* always grow the array, no sparse / abandon support here */
			if (arr_idx >= DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ASIZE(obj)) {
				duk__grow_props_for_array_item(thr, obj, arr_idx);
			}

			DUK_ASSERT(arr_idx < DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ASIZE(obj));
			tv1 = DUK_HOBJECT_A_GET_VALUE_PTR(thr->heap, obj, arr_idx);
			goto write_value;
		}
	}

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("property does not exist, object belongs in entry part -> allocate new entry and write value and attributes"));
	e_idx = duk__alloc_entry_checked(thr, obj, key);  /* increases key refcount */
	DUK_ASSERT(e_idx >= 0);
	DUK_HOBJECT_E_SET_FLAGS(thr->heap, obj, e_idx, propflags);
	tv1 = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_TVAL_PTR(thr->heap, obj, e_idx);
	/* new entry: previous value is garbage; set to undefined to share write_value */
	DUK_TVAL_SET_UNDEFINED(tv1);
	goto write_value;

 write_value:
	/* tv1 points to value storage */

	tv2 = duk_require_tval(ctx, -1);  /* late lookup, avoid side effects */
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("writing/updating value: %!T -> %!T",
	                     (duk_tval *) tv1, (duk_tval *) tv2));

	DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL_UPDREF(thr, tv1, tv2);  /* side effects */
	goto pop_exit;

 pop_exit:
	duk_pop(ctx);  /* remove in_val */
	return;

 error_internal:
	DUK_ERROR_INTERNAL_DEFMSG(thr);
	return;

 error_virtual:
	DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, DUK_STR_REDEFINE_VIRT_PROP);
	return;
}

/*
 *  Fast path for defining array indexed values without interning the key.
 *  This is used by e.g. code for Array prototype and traceback creation so
 *  must avoid interning.
 */

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_hobject_define_property_internal_arridx(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj, duk_uarridx_t arr_idx, duk_small_uint_t flags) {
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk_hstring *key;
	duk_tval *tv1, *tv2;

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("define new property (internal) arr_idx fast path: thr=%p, obj=%!O, "
	                     "arr_idx=%ld, flags=0x%02lx, val=%!T",
	                     (void *) thr, obj, (long) arr_idx, (unsigned long) flags,
	                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->heap != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(obj != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_READONLY((duk_heaphdr *) obj));

	if (DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_ARRAY_PART(obj) &&
	    arr_idx != DUK__NO_ARRAY_INDEX &&
	    flags == DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_WEC) {
		DUK_ASSERT((flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_NO_OVERWRITE) == 0);  /* covered by comparison */

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("define property to array part (property may or may not exist yet)"));

		/* always grow the array, no sparse / abandon support here */
		if (arr_idx >= DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ASIZE(obj)) {
			duk__grow_props_for_array_item(thr, obj, arr_idx);
		}

		DUK_ASSERT(arr_idx < DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ASIZE(obj));
		tv1 = DUK_HOBJECT_A_GET_VALUE_PTR(thr->heap, obj, arr_idx);
		tv2 = duk_require_tval(ctx, -1);

		DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL_UPDREF(thr, tv1, tv2);  /* side effects */

		duk_pop(ctx);  /* [ ...val ] -> [ ... ] */
		return;
	}

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("define property fast path didn't work, use slow path"));

	duk_push_uint(ctx, (duk_uint_t) arr_idx);
	key = duk_to_hstring(ctx, -1);
	DUK_ASSERT(key != NULL);
	duk_insert(ctx, -2);  /* [ ... val key ] -> [ ... key val ] */

	duk_hobject_define_property_internal(thr, obj, key, flags);

	duk_pop(ctx);  /* [ ... key ] -> [ ... ] */
}

/*
 *  Internal helper for defining an accessor property, ignoring
 *  normal semantics such as extensibility, write protection etc.
 *  Overwrites any existing value and attributes.  This is called
 *  very rarely, so the implementation first sets a value to undefined
 *  and then changes the entry to an accessor (this is to save code space).
 */

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_hobject_define_accessor_internal(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj, duk_hstring *key, duk_hobject *getter, duk_hobject *setter, duk_small_uint_t propflags) {
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk_int_t e_idx;
	duk_int_t h_idx;

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("define new accessor (internal): thr=%p, obj=%!O, key=%!O, "
	                     "getter=%!O, setter=%!O, flags=0x%02lx",
	                     (void *) thr, (duk_heaphdr *) obj, (duk_heaphdr *) key,
	                     (duk_heaphdr *) getter, (duk_heaphdr *) setter,
	                     (unsigned long) propflags));

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->heap != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(obj != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(key != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT((propflags & ~DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_MASK) == 0);
	/* setter and/or getter may be NULL */
	DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_READONLY((duk_heaphdr *) obj));

	DUK_ASSERT_VALSTACK_SPACE(thr, DUK__VALSTACK_SPACE);

	/* force the property to 'undefined' to create a slot for it */
	duk_push_undefined(ctx);
	duk_hobject_define_property_internal(thr, obj, key, propflags);
	duk_hobject_find_existing_entry(thr->heap, obj, key, &e_idx, &h_idx);
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("accessor slot: e_idx=%ld, h_idx=%ld", (long) e_idx, (long) h_idx));
	DUK_ASSERT(e_idx >= 0);
	DUK_ASSERT((duk_uint32_t) e_idx < DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ENEXT(obj));

	/* no need to decref, as previous value is 'undefined' */
	DUK_HOBJECT_E_SLOT_SET_ACCESSOR(thr->heap, obj, e_idx);
	DUK_HOBJECT_E_SET_VALUE_GETTER(thr->heap, obj, e_idx, getter);
	DUK_HOBJECT_E_SET_VALUE_SETTER(thr->heap, obj, e_idx, setter);
	DUK_HOBJECT_INCREF_ALLOWNULL(thr, getter);
	DUK_HOBJECT_INCREF_ALLOWNULL(thr, setter);
}

/*
 *  Internal helpers for managing object 'length'
 */

/* XXX: awkward helpers */

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_hobject_set_length(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj, duk_uint32_t length) {
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk_push_hobject(ctx, obj);
	duk_push_hstring_stridx(ctx, DUK_STRIDX_LENGTH);
	duk_push_u32(ctx, length);
	(void) duk_hobject_putprop(thr,
	                           DUK_GET_TVAL_NEGIDX(ctx, -3),
	                           DUK_GET_TVAL_NEGIDX(ctx, -2),
	                           DUK_GET_TVAL_NEGIDX(ctx, -1),
	                           0);
	duk_pop_n(ctx, 3);
}

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_hobject_set_length_zero(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj) {
	duk_hobject_set_length(thr, obj, 0);
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_uint32_t duk_hobject_get_length(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj) {
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk_double_t val;
	duk_push_hobject(ctx, obj);
	duk_push_hstring_stridx(ctx, DUK_STRIDX_LENGTH);
	(void) duk_hobject_getprop(thr,
	                           DUK_GET_TVAL_NEGIDX(ctx, -2),
	                           DUK_GET_TVAL_NEGIDX(ctx, -1));
	val = duk_to_number(ctx, -1);
	duk_pop_n(ctx, 3);
	if (val >= 0.0 && val < DUK_DOUBLE_2TO32) {
		return (duk_uint32_t) val;
	}
	return 0;
}

/*
 *  Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor()  (E5 Sections 15.2.3.3, 8.10.4)
 *
 *  This is an actual function call.
 */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_hobject_object_get_own_property_descriptor(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_hobject *obj;
	duk_hstring *key;
	duk_propdesc pd;
	duk_bool_t rc;

	DUK_ASSERT(ctx != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->heap != NULL);

	obj = duk_require_hobject_or_lfunc_coerce(ctx, 0);
	(void) duk_to_string(ctx, 1);
	key = duk_require_hstring(ctx, 1);

	DUK_ASSERT(obj != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(key != NULL);

	DUK_ASSERT_VALSTACK_SPACE(thr, DUK__VALSTACK_SPACE);

	rc = duk_hobject_get_own_propdesc(thr, obj, key, &pd, DUK_GETDESC_FLAG_PUSH_VALUE);
	if (!rc) {
		duk_push_undefined(ctx);

		/* [obj key undefined] */
		return 1;
	}

	duk_push_object(ctx);

	/* [obj key value desc] */

	if (DUK_PROPDESC_IS_ACCESSOR(&pd)) {
		/* If a setter/getter is missing (undefined), the descriptor must
		 * still have the property present with the value 'undefined'.
		 */
		if (pd.get) {
			duk_push_hobject(ctx, pd.get);
		} else {
			duk_push_undefined(ctx);
		}
		duk_put_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_GET);
		if (pd.set) {
			duk_push_hobject(ctx, pd.set);
		} else {
			duk_push_undefined(ctx);
		}
		duk_put_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_SET);
	} else {
		duk_dup(ctx, -2);  /* [obj key value desc value] */
		duk_put_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_VALUE);
		duk_push_boolean(ctx, DUK_PROPDESC_IS_WRITABLE(&pd));
		duk_put_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_WRITABLE);

		/* [obj key value desc] */
	}
	duk_push_boolean(ctx, DUK_PROPDESC_IS_ENUMERABLE(&pd));
	duk_put_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_ENUMERABLE);
	duk_push_boolean(ctx, DUK_PROPDESC_IS_CONFIGURABLE(&pd));
	duk_put_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_CONFIGURABLE);

	/* [obj key value desc] */
	return 1;
}

/*
 *  NormalizePropertyDescriptor() related helper.
 *
 *  Internal helper which validates and normalizes a property descriptor
 *  represented as an Ecmascript object (e.g. argument to defineProperty()).
 *  The output of this conversion is a set of defprop_flags and possibly
 *  some values pushed on the value stack; some subset of: property value,
 *  getter, setter.  Caller must manage stack top carefully because the
 *  number of values pushed depends on the input property descriptor.
 *
 *  The original descriptor object must not be altered in the process.
 */

/* XXX: very basic optimization -> duk_get_prop_stridx_top */

DUK_INTERNAL
void duk_hobject_prepare_property_descriptor(duk_context *ctx,
                                             duk_idx_t idx_in,
                                             duk_uint_t *out_defprop_flags,
                                             duk_idx_t *out_idx_value,
                                             duk_hobject **out_getter,
                                             duk_hobject **out_setter) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_idx_t idx_value = -1;
	duk_hobject *getter = NULL;
	duk_hobject *setter = NULL;
	duk_bool_t is_data_desc = 0;
	duk_bool_t is_acc_desc = 0;
	duk_uint_t defprop_flags = 0;

	DUK_ASSERT(ctx != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(out_defprop_flags != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(out_idx_value != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(out_getter != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(out_setter != NULL);

	/* Must be an object, otherwise TypeError (E5.1 Section 8.10.5, step 1). */
	idx_in = duk_require_normalize_index(ctx, idx_in);
	(void) duk_require_hobject(ctx, idx_in);

	/* The coercion order must match the ToPropertyDescriptor() algorithm
	 * so that side effects in coercion happen in the correct order.
	 * (This order also happens to be compatible with duk_def_prop(),
	 * although it doesn't matter in practice.)
	 */

	if (duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, idx_in, DUK_STRIDX_VALUE)) {
		is_data_desc = 1;
		defprop_flags |= DUK_DEFPROP_HAVE_VALUE;
		idx_value = duk_get_top_index(ctx);
		/* Leave 'value' on stack */
	} else {
		duk_pop(ctx);
	}

	if (duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, idx_in, DUK_STRIDX_WRITABLE)) {
		is_data_desc = 1;
		if (duk_to_boolean(ctx, -1)) {
			defprop_flags |= DUK_DEFPROP_HAVE_WRITABLE | DUK_DEFPROP_WRITABLE;
		} else {
			defprop_flags |= DUK_DEFPROP_HAVE_WRITABLE;
		}
	}
	duk_pop(ctx);

	if (duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, idx_in, DUK_STRIDX_GET)) {
		duk_tval *tv = duk_require_tval(ctx, -1);
		duk_hobject *h_get;

		if (DUK_TVAL_IS_UNDEFINED(tv)) {
			/* undefined is accepted */
			DUK_ASSERT(getter == NULL);
		} else {
			/* NOTE: lightfuncs are coerced to full functions because
			 * lightfuncs don't fit into a property value slot.  This
			 * has some side effects, see test-dev-lightfunc-accessor.js.
			 */
			h_get = duk_get_hobject_or_lfunc_coerce(ctx, -1);
			if (h_get == NULL || !DUK_HOBJECT_IS_CALLABLE(h_get)) {
				goto type_error;
			}
			getter = h_get;
		}
		is_acc_desc = 1;
		defprop_flags |= DUK_DEFPROP_HAVE_GETTER;
		/* Leave 'getter' on stack */
	} else {
		duk_pop(ctx);
	}

	if (duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, idx_in, DUK_STRIDX_SET)) {
		duk_tval *tv = duk_require_tval(ctx, -1);
		duk_hobject *h_set;

		if (DUK_TVAL_IS_UNDEFINED(tv)) {
			/* undefined is accepted */
			DUK_ASSERT(setter == NULL);
		}  else {
			/* NOTE: lightfuncs are coerced to full functions because
			 * lightfuncs don't fit into a property value slot.  This
			 * has some side effects, see test-dev-lightfunc-accessor.js.
			 */
			h_set = duk_get_hobject_or_lfunc_coerce(ctx, -1);
			if (h_set == NULL || !DUK_HOBJECT_IS_CALLABLE(h_set)) {
				goto type_error;
			}
			setter = h_set;
		}
		is_acc_desc = 1;
		defprop_flags |= DUK_DEFPROP_HAVE_SETTER;
		/* Leave 'setter' on stack */
	} else {
		duk_pop(ctx);
	}

	if (duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, idx_in, DUK_STRIDX_ENUMERABLE)) {
		if (duk_to_boolean(ctx, -1)) {
			defprop_flags |= DUK_DEFPROP_HAVE_ENUMERABLE | DUK_DEFPROP_ENUMERABLE;
		} else {
			defprop_flags |= DUK_DEFPROP_HAVE_ENUMERABLE;
		}
	}
	duk_pop(ctx);

	if (duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, idx_in, DUK_STRIDX_CONFIGURABLE)) {
		if (duk_to_boolean(ctx, -1)) {
			defprop_flags |= DUK_DEFPROP_HAVE_CONFIGURABLE | DUK_DEFPROP_CONFIGURABLE;
		} else {
			defprop_flags |= DUK_DEFPROP_HAVE_CONFIGURABLE;
		}
	}
	duk_pop(ctx);

	if (is_data_desc && is_acc_desc) {
		goto type_error;
	}

	*out_defprop_flags = defprop_flags;
	*out_idx_value = idx_value;
	*out_getter = getter;
	*out_setter = setter;

	/* [ ... value? getter? setter? ] */
	return;

 type_error:
	DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, DUK_STR_INVALID_DESCRIPTOR);
}

/*
 *  Object.defineProperty() related helper  (E5 Section 15.2.3.6)
 *
 *  Inlines all [[DefineOwnProperty]] exotic behaviors.
 *
 *  Note: Ecmascript compliant [[DefineOwnProperty]](P, Desc, Throw) is not
 *  implemented directly, but Object.defineProperty() serves its purpose.
 *  We don't need the [[DefineOwnProperty]] internally and we don't have a
 *  property descriptor with 'missing values' so it's easier to avoid it
 *  entirely.
 *
 *  Note: this is only called for actual objects, not primitive values.
 *  This must support virtual properties for full objects (e.g. Strings)
 *  but not for plain values (e.g. strings).  Lightfuncs, even though
 *  primitive in a sense, are treated like objects and accepted as target
 *  values.
 */

/* XXX: this is a major target for size optimization */
DUK_INTERNAL
void duk_hobject_define_property_helper(duk_context *ctx,
                                        duk_uint_t defprop_flags,
                                        duk_hobject *obj,
                                        duk_hstring *key,
                                        duk_idx_t idx_value,
                                        duk_hobject *get,
                                        duk_hobject *set) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_uint32_t arr_idx;
	duk_tval tv;
	duk_bool_t has_enumerable;
	duk_bool_t has_configurable;
	duk_bool_t has_writable;
	duk_bool_t has_value;
	duk_bool_t has_get;
	duk_bool_t has_set;
	duk_bool_t is_enumerable;
	duk_bool_t is_configurable;
	duk_bool_t is_writable;
	duk_bool_t throw_flag;
	duk_bool_t force_flag;
	duk_small_uint_t new_flags;
	duk_propdesc curr;
	duk_uint32_t arridx_new_array_length;  /* != 0 => post-update for array 'length' (used when key is an array index) */
	duk_uint32_t arrlen_old_len;
	duk_uint32_t arrlen_new_len;
	duk_bool_t pending_write_protect;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->heap != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(ctx != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(obj != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(key != NULL);
	/* idx_value may be < 0 (no value), set and get may be NULL */

	DUK_ASSERT_VALSTACK_SPACE(thr, DUK__VALSTACK_SPACE);

	/* All the flags fit in 16 bits, so will fit into duk_bool_t. */

	has_writable = (defprop_flags & DUK_DEFPROP_HAVE_WRITABLE);
	has_enumerable = (defprop_flags & DUK_DEFPROP_HAVE_ENUMERABLE);
	has_configurable = (defprop_flags & DUK_DEFPROP_HAVE_CONFIGURABLE);
	has_value = (defprop_flags & DUK_DEFPROP_HAVE_VALUE);
	has_get = (defprop_flags & DUK_DEFPROP_HAVE_GETTER);
	has_set = (defprop_flags & DUK_DEFPROP_HAVE_SETTER);
	is_writable = (defprop_flags & DUK_DEFPROP_WRITABLE);
	is_enumerable = (defprop_flags & DUK_DEFPROP_ENUMERABLE);
	is_configurable = (defprop_flags & DUK_DEFPROP_CONFIGURABLE);
	throw_flag = 1;   /* Object.defineProperty() calls [[DefineOwnProperty]] with Throw=true */
	force_flag = (defprop_flags & DUK_DEFPROP_FORCE);

	arr_idx = DUK_HSTRING_GET_ARRIDX_SLOW(key);

	arridx_new_array_length = 0;
	pending_write_protect = 0;
	arrlen_old_len = 0;
	arrlen_new_len = 0;

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("has_enumerable=%ld is_enumerable=%ld "
	                     "has_configurable=%ld is_configurable=%ld "
	                     "has_writable=%ld is_writable=%ld "
	                     "has_value=%ld value=%!T "
	                     "has_get=%ld get=%p=%!O "
	                     "has_set=%ld set=%p=%!O "
	                     "arr_idx=%ld",
	                     (long) has_enumerable, (long) is_enumerable,
	                     (long) has_configurable, (long) is_configurable,
	                     (long) has_writable, (long) is_writable,
	                     (long) has_value, (duk_tval *) (idx_value >= 0 ? duk_get_tval(ctx, idx_value) : NULL),
	                     (long) has_get, (void *) get, (duk_heaphdr *) get,
	                     (long) has_set, (void *) set, (duk_heaphdr *) set,
	                     (long) arr_idx));

	/*
	 *  Array exotic behaviors can be implemented at this point.  The local variables
	 *  are essentially a 'value copy' of the input descriptor (Desc), which is modified
	 *  by the Array [[DefineOwnProperty]] (E5 Section 15.4.5.1).
	 */

	if (!DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_ARRAY(obj)) {
		goto skip_array_exotic;
	}

	if (key == DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_LENGTH(thr)) {
		/* E5 Section 15.4.5.1, step 3, steps a - i are implemented here, j - n at the end */
		if (!has_value) {
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("exotic array behavior for 'length', but no value in descriptor -> normal behavior"));
			goto skip_array_exotic;
		}

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("exotic array behavior for 'length', value present in descriptor -> exotic behavior"));

		/*
		 *  Get old and new length
		 */

		/* Note: reuse 'curr' as a temp propdesc */
		arrlen_old_len = duk__get_old_array_length(thr, obj, &curr);

		duk_dup(ctx, idx_value);
		arrlen_new_len = duk__to_new_array_length_checked(thr);
		duk_push_u32(ctx, arrlen_new_len);
		duk_replace(ctx, idx_value);  /* step 3.e: replace 'Desc.[[Value]]' */

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("old_len=%ld, new_len=%ld", (long) arrlen_old_len, (long) arrlen_new_len));

		if (arrlen_new_len >= arrlen_old_len) {
			/* standard behavior, step 3.f.i */
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("new length is same or higher as previous => standard behavior"));
			goto skip_array_exotic;
		}
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("new length is smaller than previous => exotic post behavior"));

		/* XXX: consolidated algorithm step 15.f -> redundant? */
		if (!(curr.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_WRITABLE) && !force_flag) {
			/* Note: 'curr' refers to 'length' propdesc */
			goto fail_not_writable_array_length;
		}

		/* steps 3.h and 3.i */
		if (has_writable && !is_writable) {
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("desc writable is false, force it back to true, and flag pending write protect"));
			is_writable = 1;
			pending_write_protect = 1;
		}

		/* remaining actual steps are carried out if standard DefineOwnProperty succeeds */
	} else if (arr_idx != DUK__NO_ARRAY_INDEX) {
		/* XXX: any chance of unifying this with the 'length' key handling? */

		/* E5 Section 15.4.5.1, step 4 */
		duk_uint32_t old_len;

		/* Note: use 'curr' as a temp propdesc */
		old_len = duk__get_old_array_length(thr, obj, &curr);

		if (arr_idx >= old_len) {
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("defineProperty requires array length update "
			                     "(arr_idx=%ld, old_len=%ld)",
			                     (long) arr_idx, (long) old_len));

			if (!(curr.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_WRITABLE)) {
				/* Note: 'curr' refers to 'length' propdesc */
				goto fail_not_writable_array_length;
			}

			/* actual update happens once write has been completed without
			 * error below.
			 */
			DUK_ASSERT(arr_idx != 0xffffffffUL);
			arridx_new_array_length = arr_idx + 1;
		} else {
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("defineProperty does not require length update "
			                     "(arr_idx=%ld, old_len=%ld) -> standard behavior",
			                     (long) arr_idx, (long) old_len));
		}
	}
 skip_array_exotic:

	/* XXX: There is currently no support for writing buffer object
	 * indexed elements here.  Attempt to do so will succeed and
	 * write a concrete property into the buffer object.  This should
	 * be fixed at some point but because buffers are a custom feature
	 * anyway, this is relatively unimportant.
	 */

	/*
	 *  Actual Object.defineProperty() default algorithm.
	 */

	/*
	 *  First check whether property exists; if not, simple case.  This covers
	 *  steps 1-4.
	 */

	if (!duk__get_own_propdesc_raw(thr, obj, key, arr_idx, &curr, DUK_GETDESC_FLAG_PUSH_VALUE)) {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("property does not exist"));

		if (!DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXTENSIBLE(obj) && !force_flag) {
			goto fail_not_extensible;
		}

		/* XXX: share final setting code for value and flags?  difficult because
		 * refcount code is different.  Share entry allocation?  But can't allocate
		 * until array index checked.
		 */

		/* steps 4.a and 4.b are tricky */
		if (has_set || has_get) {
			duk_int_t e_idx;

			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("create new accessor property"));

			DUK_ASSERT(has_set || set == NULL);
			DUK_ASSERT(has_get || get == NULL);
			DUK_ASSERT(!has_value);
			DUK_ASSERT(!has_writable);

			new_flags = DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_ACCESSOR;  /* defaults, E5 Section 8.6.1, Table 7 */
			if (has_enumerable && is_enumerable) {
				new_flags |= DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_ENUMERABLE;
			}
			if (has_configurable && is_configurable) {
				new_flags |= DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_CONFIGURABLE;
			}

			if (arr_idx != DUK__NO_ARRAY_INDEX && DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_ARRAY_PART(obj)) {
				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("accessor cannot go to array part, abandon array"));
				duk__abandon_array_checked(thr, obj);
			}

			/* write to entry part */
			e_idx = duk__alloc_entry_checked(thr, obj, key);
			DUK_ASSERT(e_idx >= 0);

			DUK_HOBJECT_E_SET_VALUE_GETTER(thr->heap, obj, e_idx, get);
			DUK_HOBJECT_E_SET_VALUE_SETTER(thr->heap, obj, e_idx, set);
			DUK_HOBJECT_INCREF_ALLOWNULL(thr, get);
			DUK_HOBJECT_INCREF_ALLOWNULL(thr, set);

			DUK_HOBJECT_E_SET_FLAGS(thr->heap, obj, e_idx, new_flags);
			goto success_exotics;
		} else {
			duk_int_t e_idx;
			duk_tval *tv2;

			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("create new data property"));

			DUK_ASSERT(!has_set);
			DUK_ASSERT(!has_get);

			new_flags = 0;  /* defaults, E5 Section 8.6.1, Table 7 */
			if (has_writable && is_writable) {
				new_flags |= DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_WRITABLE;
			}
			if (has_enumerable && is_enumerable) {
				new_flags |= DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_ENUMERABLE;
			}
			if (has_configurable && is_configurable) {
				new_flags |= DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_CONFIGURABLE;
			}
			if (has_value) {
				duk_tval *tv_tmp = duk_require_tval(ctx, idx_value);
				DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL(&tv, tv_tmp);
			} else {
				DUK_TVAL_SET_UNDEFINED(&tv);  /* default value */
			}

			if (arr_idx != DUK__NO_ARRAY_INDEX && DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_ARRAY_PART(obj)) {
				if (new_flags == DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_WEC) {
#if 0
					DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("new data property attributes match array defaults, attempt to write to array part"));
					/* may become sparse...*/
#endif
					/* XXX: handling for array part missing now; this doesn't affect
					 * compliance but causes array entry writes using defineProperty()
					 * to always abandon array part.
					 */
				}
				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("new data property cannot go to array part, abandon array"));
				duk__abandon_array_checked(thr, obj);
				/* fall through */
			}

			/* write to entry part */
			e_idx = duk__alloc_entry_checked(thr, obj, key);
			DUK_ASSERT(e_idx >= 0);
			tv2 = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_TVAL_PTR(thr->heap, obj, e_idx);
			DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL(tv2, &tv);
			DUK_TVAL_INCREF(thr, tv2);

			DUK_HOBJECT_E_SET_FLAGS(thr->heap, obj, e_idx, new_flags);
			goto success_exotics;
		}
		DUK_UNREACHABLE();
	}

	/* we currently assume virtual properties are not configurable (as none of them are) */
	DUK_ASSERT((curr.e_idx >= 0 || curr.a_idx >= 0) || !(curr.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_CONFIGURABLE));

	/* [obj key desc value get set curr_value] */

	/*
	 *  Property already exists.  Steps 5-6 detect whether any changes need
	 *  to be made.
	 */

	if (has_enumerable) {
		if (is_enumerable) {
			if (!(curr.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_ENUMERABLE)) {
				goto need_check;
			}
		} else {
			if (curr.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_ENUMERABLE) {
				goto need_check;
			}
		}
	}
	if (has_configurable) {
		if (is_configurable) {
			if (!(curr.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_CONFIGURABLE)) {
				goto need_check;
			}
		} else {
			if (curr.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_CONFIGURABLE) {
				goto need_check;
			}
		}
	}
	if (has_value) {
		duk_tval *tmp1;
		duk_tval *tmp2;

		/* attempt to change from accessor to data property */
		if (curr.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_ACCESSOR) {
			goto need_check;
		}

		tmp1 = duk_require_tval(ctx, -1);         /* curr value */
		tmp2 = duk_require_tval(ctx, idx_value);  /* new value */
		if (!duk_js_samevalue(tmp1, tmp2)) {
			goto need_check;
		}
	}
	if (has_writable) {
		/* attempt to change from accessor to data property */
		if (curr.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_ACCESSOR) {
			goto need_check;
		}

		if (is_writable) {
			if (!(curr.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_WRITABLE)) {
				goto need_check;
			}
		} else {
			if (curr.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_WRITABLE) {
				goto need_check;
			}
		}
	}
	if (has_set) {
		if (curr.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_ACCESSOR) {
			if (set != curr.set) {
				goto need_check;
			}
		} else {
			goto need_check;
		}
	}
	if (has_get) {
		if (curr.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_ACCESSOR) {
			if (get != curr.get) {
				goto need_check;
			}
		} else {
			goto need_check;
		}
	}

	/* property exists, either 'desc' is empty, or all values
	 * match (SameValue)
	 */
	goto success_no_exotics;

 need_check:

	/*
	 *  Some change(s) need to be made.  Steps 7-11.
	 */

	/* shared checks for all descriptor types */
	if (!(curr.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_CONFIGURABLE) && !force_flag) {
		if (has_configurable && is_configurable) {
			goto fail_not_configurable;
		}
		if (has_enumerable) {
			if (curr.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_ENUMERABLE) {
				if (!is_enumerable) {
					goto fail_not_configurable;
				}
			} else {
				if (is_enumerable) {
					goto fail_not_configurable;
				}
			}
		}
	}

	/* Reject attempt to change virtual properties: not part of the
	 * standard algorithm, applies currently to e.g. virtual index
	 * properties of buffer objects (which are virtual but writable).
	 * (Cannot "force" modification of a virtual property.)
	 */
	if (curr.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_VIRTUAL) {
		goto fail_virtual;
	}

	/* Reject attempt to change a read-only object. */
#if defined(DUK_USE_ROM_OBJECTS)
	if (DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_READONLY((duk_heaphdr *) obj)) {
		DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("attempt to define property on read-only target object"));
		goto fail_not_configurable;
	}
#endif

	/* descriptor type specific checks */
	if (has_set || has_get) {
		/* IsAccessorDescriptor(desc) == true */
		DUK_ASSERT(!has_writable);
		DUK_ASSERT(!has_value);

		if (curr.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_ACCESSOR) {
			/* curr and desc are accessors */
			if (!(curr.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_CONFIGURABLE) && !force_flag) {
				if (has_set && set != curr.set) {
					goto fail_not_configurable;
				}
				if (has_get && get != curr.get) {
					goto fail_not_configurable;
				}
			}
		} else {
			duk_bool_t rc;
			duk_tval *tv1;
			duk_tval tv_tmp;

			/* curr is data, desc is accessor */
			if (!(curr.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_CONFIGURABLE) && !force_flag) {
				goto fail_not_configurable;
			}

			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("convert property to accessor property"));
			if (curr.a_idx >= 0) {
				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("property to convert is stored in an array entry, abandon array and re-lookup"));
				duk__abandon_array_checked(thr, obj);
				duk_pop(ctx);  /* remove old value */
				rc = duk__get_own_propdesc_raw(thr, obj, key, arr_idx, &curr, DUK_GETDESC_FLAG_PUSH_VALUE);
				DUK_UNREF(rc);
				DUK_ASSERT(rc != 0);
				DUK_ASSERT(curr.e_idx >= 0 && curr.a_idx < 0);
			}

			DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HOBJECT_E_SLOT_IS_ACCESSOR(thr->heap, obj, curr.e_idx));

			/* Avoid side effects that might disturb curr.e_idx until
			 * we're done editing the slot.
			 */
			tv1 = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_TVAL_PTR(thr->heap, obj, curr.e_idx);
			DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL(&tv_tmp, tv1);
			DUK_TVAL_SET_UNDEFINED(tv1);

			DUK_HOBJECT_E_SET_VALUE_GETTER(thr->heap, obj, curr.e_idx, NULL);
			DUK_HOBJECT_E_SET_VALUE_SETTER(thr->heap, obj, curr.e_idx, NULL);
			DUK_HOBJECT_E_SLOT_CLEAR_WRITABLE(thr->heap, obj, curr.e_idx);
			DUK_HOBJECT_E_SLOT_SET_ACCESSOR(thr->heap, obj, curr.e_idx);

			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("flags after data->accessor conversion: 0x%02lx",
			                     (unsigned long) DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_FLAGS(thr->heap, obj, curr.e_idx)));

			DUK_TVAL_DECREF(thr, &tv_tmp);  /* side effects */

			/* re-lookup to update curr.flags
			 * XXX: would be faster to update directly
			 */
			duk_pop(ctx);  /* remove old value */
			rc = duk__get_own_propdesc_raw(thr, obj, key, arr_idx, &curr, DUK_GETDESC_FLAG_PUSH_VALUE);
			DUK_UNREF(rc);
			DUK_ASSERT(rc != 0);
		}
	} else if (has_value || has_writable) {
		/* IsDataDescriptor(desc) == true */
		DUK_ASSERT(!has_set);
		DUK_ASSERT(!has_get);

		if (curr.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_ACCESSOR) {
			duk_bool_t rc;
			duk_hobject *h_get;
			duk_hobject *h_set;

			/* curr is accessor, desc is data */
			if (!(curr.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_CONFIGURABLE) && !force_flag) {
				goto fail_not_configurable;
			}

			/* curr is accessor -> cannot be in array part */
			DUK_ASSERT(curr.e_idx >= 0 && curr.a_idx < 0);

			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("convert property to data property"));

			/* Avoid side effects that might disturb curr.e_idx until
			 * we're done editing the slot.
			 */
			DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_E_SLOT_IS_ACCESSOR(thr->heap, obj, curr.e_idx));
			h_get = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_GETTER(thr->heap, obj, curr.e_idx);
			DUK_HOBJECT_E_SET_VALUE_GETTER(thr->heap, obj, curr.e_idx, NULL);
			h_set = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_SETTER(thr->heap, obj, curr.e_idx);
			DUK_HOBJECT_E_SET_VALUE_SETTER(thr->heap, obj, curr.e_idx, NULL);

			DUK_TVAL_SET_UNDEFINED(DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_TVAL_PTR(thr->heap, obj, curr.e_idx));
			DUK_HOBJECT_E_SLOT_CLEAR_WRITABLE(thr->heap, obj, curr.e_idx);
			DUK_HOBJECT_E_SLOT_CLEAR_ACCESSOR(thr->heap, obj, curr.e_idx);

			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("flags after accessor->data conversion: 0x%02lx",
			                     (unsigned long) DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_FLAGS(thr->heap, obj, curr.e_idx)));

			DUK_HOBJECT_DECREF_ALLOWNULL(thr, h_get);  /* side effects */
			DUK_HOBJECT_DECREF_ALLOWNULL(thr, h_set);  /* side effects */

			/* re-lookup to update curr.flags
			 * XXX: would be faster to update directly
			 */
			duk_pop(ctx);  /* remove old value */
			rc = duk__get_own_propdesc_raw(thr, obj, key, arr_idx, &curr, DUK_GETDESC_FLAG_PUSH_VALUE);
			DUK_UNREF(rc);
			DUK_ASSERT(rc != 0);
		} else {
			/* curr and desc are data */
			if (!(curr.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_CONFIGURABLE) && !force_flag) {
				if (!(curr.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_WRITABLE) && has_writable && is_writable) {
					goto fail_not_configurable;
				}
				/* Note: changing from writable to non-writable is OK */
				if (!(curr.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_WRITABLE) && has_value) {
					duk_tval *tmp1 = duk_require_tval(ctx, -1);         /* curr value */
					duk_tval *tmp2 = duk_require_tval(ctx, idx_value);  /* new value */
					if (!duk_js_samevalue(tmp1, tmp2)) {
						goto fail_not_configurable;
					}
				}
			}
		}
	} else {
		/* IsGenericDescriptor(desc) == true; this means in practice that 'desc'
		 * only has [[Enumerable]] or [[Configurable]] flag updates, which are
		 * allowed at this point.
		 */

		DUK_ASSERT(!has_value && !has_writable && !has_get && !has_set);
	}

	/*
	 *  Start doing property attributes updates.  Steps 12-13.
	 *
	 *  Start by computing new attribute flags without writing yet.
	 *  Property type conversion is done above if necessary.
	 */

	new_flags = curr.flags;

	if (has_enumerable) {
		if (is_enumerable) {
			new_flags |= DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_ENUMERABLE;
		} else {
			new_flags &= ~DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_ENUMERABLE;
		}
	}
	if (has_configurable) {
		if (is_configurable) {
			new_flags |= DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_CONFIGURABLE;
		} else {
			new_flags &= ~DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_CONFIGURABLE;
		}
	}
	if (has_writable) {
		if (is_writable) {
			new_flags |= DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_WRITABLE;
		} else {
			new_flags &= ~DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_WRITABLE;
		}
	}

	/* XXX: write protect after flag? -> any chance of handling it here? */

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("new flags that we want to write: 0x%02lx",
	                     (unsigned long) new_flags));

	/*
	 *  Check whether we need to abandon an array part (if it exists)
	 */

	if (curr.a_idx >= 0) {
		duk_bool_t rc;

		DUK_ASSERT(curr.e_idx < 0);

		if (new_flags == DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_WEC) {
			duk_tval *tv1, *tv2;

			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("array index, new property attributes match array defaults, update in-place"));

			DUK_ASSERT(curr.flags == DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_WEC);  /* must have been, since in array part */
			DUK_ASSERT(!has_set);
			DUK_ASSERT(!has_get);

			tv2 = duk_require_tval(ctx, idx_value);
			tv1 = DUK_HOBJECT_A_GET_VALUE_PTR(thr->heap, obj, curr.a_idx);
			DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL_UPDREF(thr, tv1, tv2);  /* side effects */
			goto success_exotics;
		}

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("array index, new property attributes do not match array defaults, abandon array and re-lookup"));
		duk__abandon_array_checked(thr, obj);
		duk_pop(ctx);  /* remove old value */
		rc = duk__get_own_propdesc_raw(thr, obj, key, arr_idx, &curr, DUK_GETDESC_FLAG_PUSH_VALUE);
		DUK_UNREF(rc);
		DUK_ASSERT(rc != 0);
		DUK_ASSERT(curr.e_idx >= 0 && curr.a_idx < 0);
	}

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("updating existing property in entry part"));

	/* array case is handled comprehensively above */
	DUK_ASSERT(curr.e_idx >= 0 && curr.a_idx < 0);

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("update existing property attributes"));
	DUK_HOBJECT_E_SET_FLAGS(thr->heap, obj, curr.e_idx, new_flags);

	if (has_set) {
		duk_hobject *tmp;

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("update existing property setter"));
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_E_SLOT_IS_ACCESSOR(thr->heap, obj, curr.e_idx));

		tmp = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_SETTER(thr->heap, obj, curr.e_idx);
		DUK_UNREF(tmp);
		DUK_HOBJECT_E_SET_VALUE_SETTER(thr->heap, obj, curr.e_idx, set);
		DUK_HOBJECT_INCREF_ALLOWNULL(thr, set);
		DUK_HOBJECT_DECREF_ALLOWNULL(thr, tmp);  /* side effects */
	}
	if (has_get) {
		duk_hobject *tmp;

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("update existing property getter"));
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_E_SLOT_IS_ACCESSOR(thr->heap, obj, curr.e_idx));

		tmp = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_GETTER(thr->heap, obj, curr.e_idx);
		DUK_UNREF(tmp);
		DUK_HOBJECT_E_SET_VALUE_GETTER(thr->heap, obj, curr.e_idx, get);
		DUK_HOBJECT_INCREF_ALLOWNULL(thr, get);
		DUK_HOBJECT_DECREF_ALLOWNULL(thr, tmp);  /* side effects */
	}
	if (has_value) {
		duk_tval *tv1, *tv2;

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("update existing property value"));
		DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HOBJECT_E_SLOT_IS_ACCESSOR(thr->heap, obj, curr.e_idx));

		tv2 = duk_require_tval(ctx, idx_value);
		tv1 = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_TVAL_PTR(thr->heap, obj, curr.e_idx);
		DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL_UPDREF(thr, tv1, tv2);  /* side effects */
	}

	/*
	 *  Standard algorithm succeeded without errors, check for exotic post-behaviors.
	 *
	 *  Arguments exotic behavior in E5 Section 10.6 occurs after the standard
	 *  [[DefineOwnProperty]] has completed successfully.
	 *
	 *  Array exotic behavior in E5 Section 15.4.5.1 is implemented partly
	 *  prior to the default [[DefineOwnProperty]], but:
	 *    - for an array index key (e.g. "10") the final 'length' update occurs here
	 *    - for 'length' key the element deletion and 'length' update occurs here
	 */

 success_exotics:

	/* [obj key desc value get set curr_value] */

	if (DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_ARRAY(obj)) {
		if (arridx_new_array_length > 0) {
			duk_tval *tmp;
			duk_bool_t rc;

			/*
			 *  Note: zero works as a "no update" marker because the new length
			 *  can never be zero after a new property is written.
			 */

			/* E5 Section 15.4.5.1, steps 4.e.i - 4.e.ii */

			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("defineProperty successful, pending array length update to: %ld",
			                     (long) arridx_new_array_length));

			/* Note: reuse 'curr' */
			rc = duk__get_own_propdesc_raw(thr, obj, DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_LENGTH(thr), DUK__NO_ARRAY_INDEX, &curr, 0 /*flags*/);  /* don't push value */
			DUK_UNREF(rc);
			DUK_ASSERT(rc != 0);
			DUK_ASSERT(curr.e_idx >= 0);

			tmp = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_TVAL_PTR(thr->heap, obj, curr.e_idx);
			DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tmp));
			/* no need for decref/incref because value is a number */
			DUK_TVAL_SET_FASTINT_U32(tmp, arridx_new_array_length);
		}
		if (key == DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_LENGTH(thr) && arrlen_new_len < arrlen_old_len) {
			/*
			 *  E5 Section 15.4.5.1, steps 3.k - 3.n.  The order at the end combines
			 *  the error case 3.l.iii and the success case 3.m-3.n.
			 *
			 *  Note: 'length' is always in entries part, so no array abandon issues for
			 *  'writable' update.
			 */

			/* XXX: investigate whether write protect can be handled above, if we
			 * just update length here while ignoring its protected status
			 */

			duk_tval *tmp;
			duk_uint32_t result_len;
			duk_bool_t rc;

			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("defineProperty successful, key is 'length', exotic array behavior, "
			                     "doing array element deletion and length update"));

			rc = duk__handle_put_array_length_smaller(thr, obj, arrlen_old_len, arrlen_new_len, force_flag, &result_len);

			/* update length (curr points to length, and we assume it's still valid) */
			DUK_ASSERT(result_len >= arrlen_new_len && result_len <= arrlen_old_len);

			DUK_ASSERT(curr.e_idx >= 0);
			DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HOBJECT_E_SLOT_IS_ACCESSOR(thr->heap, obj, curr.e_idx));
			tmp = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_TVAL_PTR(thr->heap, obj, curr.e_idx);
			DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tmp));
			/* no decref needed for a number */
			DUK_TVAL_SET_FASTINT_U32(tmp, result_len);
			DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tmp));

			if (pending_write_protect) {
				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("setting array length non-writable (pending writability update)"));
				DUK_HOBJECT_E_SLOT_CLEAR_WRITABLE(thr->heap, obj, curr.e_idx);
			}

			/*
			 *  XXX: shrink array allocation or entries compaction here?
			 */

			if (!rc) {
				goto fail_array_length_partial;
			}
		}
	} else if (arr_idx != DUK__NO_ARRAY_INDEX && DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_ARGUMENTS(obj)) {
		duk_hobject *map;
		duk_hobject *varenv;

		DUK_ASSERT(arridx_new_array_length == 0);
		DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_ARRAY(obj));  /* traits are separate; in particular, arguments not an array */

		map = NULL;
		varenv = NULL;
		if (!duk__lookup_arguments_map(thr, obj, key, &curr, &map, &varenv)) {
			goto success_no_exotics;
		}
		DUK_ASSERT(map != NULL);
		DUK_ASSERT(varenv != NULL);

		/* [obj key desc value get set curr_value varname] */

		if (has_set || has_get) {
			/* = IsAccessorDescriptor(Desc) */
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("defineProperty successful, key mapped to arguments 'map' "
			                     "changed to an accessor, delete arguments binding"));

			(void) duk_hobject_delprop_raw(thr, map, key, 0);  /* ignore result */
		} else {
			/* Note: this order matters (final value before deleting map entry must be done) */
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("defineProperty successful, key mapped to arguments 'map', "
			                     "check for value update / binding deletion"));

			if (has_value) {
				duk_hstring *varname;

				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("defineProperty successful, key mapped to arguments 'map', "
				                     "update bound value (variable/argument)"));

				varname = duk_require_hstring(ctx, -1);
				DUK_ASSERT(varname != NULL);

				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("arguments object automatic putvar for a bound variable; "
				                     "key=%!O, varname=%!O, value=%!T",
				                     (duk_heaphdr *) key,
				                     (duk_heaphdr *) varname,
				                     (duk_tval *) duk_require_tval(ctx, idx_value)));

				/* strict flag for putvar comes from our caller (currently: fixed) */
				duk_js_putvar_envrec(thr, varenv, varname, duk_require_tval(ctx, idx_value), throw_flag);
			}
			if (has_writable && !is_writable) {
				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("defineProperty successful, key mapped to arguments 'map', "
				                     "changed to non-writable, delete arguments binding"));

				(void) duk_hobject_delprop_raw(thr, map, key, 0);  /* ignore result */
			}
		}

		/* 'varname' is in stack in this else branch, leaving an unbalanced stack below,
		 * but this doesn't matter now.
		 */
	}

 success_no_exotics:
	return;

 fail_virtual:
	DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, DUK_STR_PROPERTY_IS_VIRTUAL);
	return;

 fail_not_writable_array_length:
	DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, DUK_STR_ARRAY_LENGTH_NOT_WRITABLE);
	return;

 fail_not_extensible:
	DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, DUK_STR_NOT_EXTENSIBLE);
	return;

 fail_not_configurable:
	DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, DUK_STR_NOT_CONFIGURABLE);
	return;

 fail_array_length_partial:
	DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, DUK_STR_ARRAY_LENGTH_WRITE_FAILED);
	return;
}

/*
 *  Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty() and Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable().
 */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_hobject_object_ownprop_helper(duk_context *ctx, duk_small_uint_t required_desc_flags) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_hstring *h_v;
	duk_hobject *h_obj;
	duk_propdesc desc;
	duk_bool_t ret;

	/* coercion order matters */
	h_v = duk_to_hstring(ctx, 0);
	DUK_ASSERT(h_v != NULL);

	h_obj = duk_push_this_coercible_to_object(ctx);
	DUK_ASSERT(h_obj != NULL);

	ret = duk_hobject_get_own_propdesc(thr, h_obj, h_v, &desc, 0 /*flags*/);  /* don't push value */

	duk_push_boolean(ctx, ret && ((desc.flags & required_desc_flags) == required_desc_flags));
	return 1;
}

/*
 *  Object.seal() and Object.freeze()  (E5 Sections 15.2.3.8 and 15.2.3.9)
 *
 *  Since the algorithms are similar, a helper provides both functions.
 *  Freezing is essentially sealing + making plain properties non-writable.
 *
 *  Note: virtual (non-concrete) properties which are non-configurable but
 *  writable would pose some problems, but such properties do not currently
 *  exist (all virtual properties are non-configurable and non-writable).
 *  If they did exist, the non-configurability does NOT prevent them from
 *  becoming non-writable.  However, this change should be recorded somehow
 *  so that it would turn up (e.g. when getting the property descriptor),
 *  requiring some additional flags in the object.
 */

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_hobject_object_seal_freeze_helper(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj, duk_bool_t is_freeze) {
	duk_uint_fast32_t i;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->heap != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(obj != NULL);

	DUK_ASSERT_VALSTACK_SPACE(thr, DUK__VALSTACK_SPACE);

#if defined(DUK_USE_ROM_OBJECTS)
	if (DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_READONLY((duk_heaphdr *) obj)) {
		DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("attempt to seal/freeze a readonly object, reject"));
		DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, DUK_STR_NOT_CONFIGURABLE);
	}
#endif

	/*
	 *  Abandon array part because all properties must become non-configurable.
	 *  Note that this is now done regardless of whether this is always the case
	 *  (skips check, but performance problem if caller would do this many times
	 *  for the same object; not likely).
	 */

	duk__abandon_array_checked(thr, obj);
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ASIZE(obj) == 0);

	for (i = 0; i < DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ENEXT(obj); i++) {
		duk_uint8_t *fp;

		/* since duk__abandon_array_checked() causes a resize, there should be no gaps in keys */
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_KEY(thr->heap, obj, i) != NULL);

		/* avoid multiple computations of flags address; bypasses macros */
		fp = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_FLAGS_PTR(thr->heap, obj, i);
		if (is_freeze && !((*fp) & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_ACCESSOR)) {
			*fp &= ~(DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_WRITABLE | DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_CONFIGURABLE);
		} else {
			*fp &= ~DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_CONFIGURABLE;
		}
	}

	DUK_HOBJECT_CLEAR_EXTENSIBLE(obj);

	/* no need to compact since we already did that in duk__abandon_array_checked()
	 * (regardless of whether an array part existed or not.
	 */

	return;
}

/*
 *  Object.isSealed() and Object.isFrozen()  (E5 Sections 15.2.3.11, 15.2.3.13)
 *
 *  Since the algorithms are similar, a helper provides both functions.
 *  Freezing is essentially sealing + making plain properties non-writable.
 *
 *  Note: all virtual (non-concrete) properties are currently non-configurable
 *  and non-writable (and there are no accessor virtual properties), so they don't
 *  need to be considered here now.
 */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_hobject_object_is_sealed_frozen_helper(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj, duk_bool_t is_frozen) {
	duk_uint_fast32_t i;

	DUK_ASSERT(obj != NULL);
	DUK_UNREF(thr);

	/* Note: no allocation pressure, no need to check refcounts etc */

	/* must not be extensible */
	if (DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXTENSIBLE(obj)) {
		return 0;
	}

	/* all virtual properties are non-configurable and non-writable */

	/* entry part must not contain any configurable properties, or
	 * writable properties (if is_frozen).
	 */
	for (i = 0; i < DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ENEXT(obj); i++) {
		duk_small_uint_t flags;

		if (!DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_KEY(thr->heap, obj, i)) {
			continue;
		}

		/* avoid multiple computations of flags address; bypasses macros */
		flags = (duk_small_uint_t) DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_FLAGS(thr->heap, obj, i);

		if (flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_CONFIGURABLE) {
			return 0;
		}
		if (is_frozen &&
		    !(flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_ACCESSOR) &&
		    (flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_WRITABLE)) {
			return 0;
		}
	}

	/* array part must not contain any non-unused properties, as they would
	 * be configurable and writable.
	 */
	for (i = 0; i < DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ASIZE(obj); i++) {
		duk_tval *tv = DUK_HOBJECT_A_GET_VALUE_PTR(thr->heap, obj, i);
		if (!DUK_TVAL_IS_UNUSED(tv)) {
			return 0;
		}
	}

	return 1;
}

/*
 *  Object.preventExtensions() and Object.isExtensible()  (E5 Sections 15.2.3.10, 15.2.3.13)
 *
 *  Not needed, implemented by macros DUK_HOBJECT_{HAS,CLEAR,SET}_EXTENSIBLE
 *  and the Object built-in bindings.
 */

/* Undefine local defines */

#undef DUK__NO_ARRAY_INDEX
#undef DUK__HASH_INITIAL
#undef DUK__HASH_PROBE_STEP
#undef DUK__HASH_UNUSED
#undef DUK__HASH_DELETED
#undef DUK__VALSTACK_SPACE
/*
 *  Misc support functions
 */

/* include removed: duk_internal.h */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_ucodepoint_t duk_hstring_char_code_at_raw(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hstring *h, duk_uint_t pos) {
	duk_uint32_t boff;
	const duk_uint8_t *p, *p_start, *p_end;
	duk_ucodepoint_t cp;

	/* Caller must check character offset to be inside the string. */
	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(pos >= 0);  /* unsigned */
	DUK_ASSERT(pos < (duk_uint_t) DUK_HSTRING_GET_CHARLEN(h));

	boff = duk_heap_strcache_offset_char2byte(thr, h, (duk_uint32_t) pos);
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("charCodeAt: pos=%ld -> boff=%ld, str=%!O",
	                     (long) pos, (long) boff, (duk_heaphdr *) h));
	DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(boff >= 0);
	DUK_ASSERT(boff < DUK_HSTRING_GET_BYTELEN(h));

	p_start = DUK_HSTRING_GET_DATA(h);
	p_end = p_start + DUK_HSTRING_GET_BYTELEN(h);
	p = p_start + boff;
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("p_start=%p, p_end=%p, p=%p",
	                     (const void *) p_start, (const void *) p_end,
	                     (const void *) p));

	/* This may throw an error though not for valid E5 strings. */
	cp = duk_unicode_decode_xutf8_checked(thr, &p, p_start, p_end);
	return cp;
}

#if !defined(DUK_USE_HSTRING_CLEN)
DUK_INTERNAL duk_size_t duk_hstring_get_charlen(duk_hstring *h) {
	if (DUK_HSTRING_HAS_ASCII(h)) {
		/* Most practical strings will go here. */
		return DUK_HSTRING_GET_BYTELEN(h);
	} else {
		return duk_unicode_unvalidated_utf8_length(DUK_HSTRING_GET_DATA(h), DUK_HSTRING_GET_BYTELEN(h));
	}
}
#endif  /* !DUK_USE_HSTRING_CLEN */
/*
 *  duk_hthread allocation and freeing.
 */

/* include removed: duk_internal.h */

/*
 *  Allocate initial stacks for a thread.  Note that 'thr' must be reachable
 *  as a garbage collection may be triggered by the allocation attempts.
 *  Returns zero (without leaking memory) if init fails.
 */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_hthread_init_stacks(duk_heap *heap, duk_hthread *thr) {
	duk_size_t alloc_size;
	duk_size_t i;

	DUK_ASSERT(heap != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->valstack == NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->valstack_end == NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->valstack_bottom == NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->valstack_top == NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->callstack == NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->catchstack == NULL);

	/* valstack */
	alloc_size = sizeof(duk_tval) * DUK_VALSTACK_INITIAL_SIZE;
	thr->valstack = (duk_tval *) DUK_ALLOC(heap, alloc_size);
	if (!thr->valstack) {
		goto fail;
	}
	DUK_MEMZERO(thr->valstack, alloc_size);
	thr->valstack_end = thr->valstack + DUK_VALSTACK_INITIAL_SIZE;
#if !defined(DUK_USE_PREFER_SIZE)
	thr->valstack_size = DUK_VALSTACK_INITIAL_SIZE;
#endif
	thr->valstack_bottom = thr->valstack;
	thr->valstack_top = thr->valstack;

	for (i = 0; i < DUK_VALSTACK_INITIAL_SIZE; i++) {
		DUK_TVAL_SET_UNDEFINED(&thr->valstack[i]);
	}

	/* callstack */
	alloc_size = sizeof(duk_activation) * DUK_CALLSTACK_INITIAL_SIZE;
	thr->callstack = (duk_activation *) DUK_ALLOC(heap, alloc_size);
	if (!thr->callstack) {
		goto fail;
	}
	DUK_MEMZERO(thr->callstack, alloc_size);
	thr->callstack_size = DUK_CALLSTACK_INITIAL_SIZE;
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->callstack_top == 0);

	/* catchstack */
	alloc_size = sizeof(duk_catcher) * DUK_CATCHSTACK_INITIAL_SIZE;
	thr->catchstack = (duk_catcher *) DUK_ALLOC(heap, alloc_size);
	if (!thr->catchstack) {
		goto fail;
	}
	DUK_MEMZERO(thr->catchstack, alloc_size);
	thr->catchstack_size = DUK_CATCHSTACK_INITIAL_SIZE;
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->catchstack_top == 0);

	return 1;

 fail:
	DUK_FREE(heap, thr->valstack);
	DUK_FREE(heap, thr->callstack);
	DUK_FREE(heap, thr->catchstack);

	thr->valstack = NULL;
	thr->callstack = NULL;
	thr->catchstack = NULL;
	return 0;
}

/* For indirect allocs. */

DUK_INTERNAL void *duk_hthread_get_valstack_ptr(duk_heap *heap, void *ud) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ud;
	DUK_UNREF(heap);
	return (void *) thr->valstack;
}

DUK_INTERNAL void *duk_hthread_get_callstack_ptr(duk_heap *heap, void *ud) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ud;
	DUK_UNREF(heap);
	return (void *) thr->callstack;
}

DUK_INTERNAL void *duk_hthread_get_catchstack_ptr(duk_heap *heap, void *ud) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ud;
	DUK_UNREF(heap);
	return (void *) thr->catchstack;
}
/*
 *  Initialize built-in objects.  Current thread must have a valstack
 *  and initialization errors may longjmp, so a setjmp() catch point
 *  must exist.
 */

/* include removed: duk_internal.h */

/*
 *  Encoding constants, must match genbuiltins.py
 */

#define DUK__CLASS_BITS                  5
#define DUK__BIDX_BITS                   7
#define DUK__STRIDX_BITS                 9  /* XXX: try to optimize to 8 (would now be possible, <200 used) */
#define DUK__NATIDX_BITS                 8
#define DUK__NUM_NORMAL_PROPS_BITS       6
#define DUK__NUM_FUNC_PROPS_BITS         6
#define DUK__PROP_FLAGS_BITS             3
#define DUK__STRING_LENGTH_BITS          8
#define DUK__STRING_CHAR_BITS            7
#define DUK__LENGTH_PROP_BITS            3
#define DUK__NARGS_BITS                  3
#define DUK__PROP_TYPE_BITS              3
#define DUK__MAGIC_BITS                  16

#define DUK__NARGS_VARARGS_MARKER        0x07
#define DUK__NO_CLASS_MARKER             0x00   /* 0 = DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_UNUSED */
#define DUK__NO_BIDX_MARKER              0x7f
#define DUK__NO_STRIDX_MARKER            0xff

#define DUK__PROP_TYPE_DOUBLE            0
#define DUK__PROP_TYPE_STRING            1
#define DUK__PROP_TYPE_STRIDX            2
#define DUK__PROP_TYPE_BUILTIN           3
#define DUK__PROP_TYPE_UNDEFINED         4
#define DUK__PROP_TYPE_BOOLEAN_TRUE      5
#define DUK__PROP_TYPE_BOOLEAN_FALSE     6
#define DUK__PROP_TYPE_ACCESSOR          7

/*
 *  Create built-in objects by parsing an init bitstream generated
 *  by genbuiltins.py.
 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_ROM_OBJECTS)
#if defined(DUK_USE_ROM_GLOBAL_CLONE) || defined(DUK_USE_ROM_GLOBAL_INHERIT)
DUK_LOCAL void duk__duplicate_ram_global_object(duk_hthread *thr) {
	duk_context *ctx;
	duk_hobject *h1;
#if defined(DUK_USE_ROM_GLOBAL_CLONE)
	duk_hobject *h2;
	duk_uint8_t *props;
	duk_size_t alloc_size;
#endif

	ctx = (duk_context *) thr;

	/* XXX: refactor into internal helper, duk_clone_hobject() */

#if defined(DUK_USE_ROM_GLOBAL_INHERIT)
	/* Inherit from ROM-based global object: less RAM usage, less transparent. */
	duk_push_object_helper(ctx,
	                       DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXTENSIBLE |
	                       DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_AS_FLAGS(DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_GLOBAL),
	                       DUK_BIDX_GLOBAL);
	h1 = duk_get_hobject(ctx, -1);
	DUK_ASSERT(h1 != NULL);
#elif defined(DUK_USE_ROM_GLOBAL_CLONE)
	/* Clone the properties of the ROM-based global object to create a
	 * fully RAM-based global object.  Uses more memory than the inherit
	 * model but more compliant.
	 */
	duk_push_object_helper(ctx,
	                       DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXTENSIBLE |
	                       DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_AS_FLAGS(DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_GLOBAL),
	                       DUK_BIDX_OBJECT_PROTOTYPE);
	h1 = duk_get_hobject(ctx, -1);
	DUK_ASSERT(h1 != NULL);
	h2 = thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_GLOBAL];
	DUK_ASSERT(h2 != NULL);

	/* Copy the property table verbatim; this handles attributes etc.
	 * For ROM objects it's not necessary (or possible) to update
	 * refcounts so leave them as is.
	 */
	alloc_size = DUK_HOBJECT_P_ALLOC_SIZE(h2);
	DUK_ASSERT(alloc_size > 0);
	props = DUK_ALLOC(thr->heap, alloc_size);
	if (!props) {
		DUK_ERROR_ALLOC_DEFMSG(thr);
		return;
	}
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_GET_PROPS(thr->heap, h2) != NULL);
	DUK_MEMCPY((void *) props, (const void *) DUK_HOBJECT_GET_PROPS(thr->heap, h2), alloc_size);

	/* XXX: keep property attributes or tweak them here?
	 * Properties will now be non-configurable even when they're
	 * normally configurable for the global object.
	 */

	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_GET_PROPS(thr->heap, h1) == NULL);
	DUK_HOBJECT_SET_PROPS(thr->heap, h1, props);
	DUK_HOBJECT_SET_ESIZE(h1, DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ESIZE(h2));
	DUK_HOBJECT_SET_ENEXT(h1, DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ENEXT(h2));
	DUK_HOBJECT_SET_ASIZE(h1, DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ASIZE(h2));
	DUK_HOBJECT_SET_HSIZE(h1, DUK_HOBJECT_GET_HSIZE(h2));
#else
#error internal error in defines
#endif

	duk_hobject_compact_props(thr, h1);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_GLOBAL] != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HEAPHDR_NEEDS_REFCOUNT_UPDATE((duk_heaphdr *) thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_GLOBAL]));  /* no need to decref */
	thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_GLOBAL] = h1;
	DUK_HOBJECT_INCREF(thr, h1);
	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("duplicated global object: %!O", h1));


	/* Create a fresh object environment for the global scope.  This is
	 * needed so that the global scope points to the newly created RAM-based
	 * global object.
	 */
	duk_push_object_helper(ctx,
	                       DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXTENSIBLE |
	                       DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_AS_FLAGS(DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_OBJENV),
	                       -1);  /* no prototype */
	h1 = duk_get_hobject(ctx, -1);
	DUK_ASSERT(h1 != NULL);
	duk_dup(ctx, -2);
	duk_dup(ctx, -1);  /* -> [ ... new_global new_globalenv new_global new_global ] */
	duk_xdef_prop_stridx(thr, -3, DUK_STRIDX_INT_TARGET, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_NONE);
	duk_xdef_prop_stridx(thr, -2, DUK_STRIDX_INT_THIS, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_NONE);  /* always provideThis=true */

	duk_hobject_compact_props(thr, h1);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_GLOBAL_ENV] != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HEAPHDR_NEEDS_REFCOUNT_UPDATE((duk_heaphdr *) thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_GLOBAL_ENV]));  /* no need to decref */
	thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_GLOBAL_ENV] = h1;
	DUK_HOBJECT_INCREF(thr, h1);
	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("duplicated global env: %!O", h1));

	duk_pop_2(ctx);
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_ROM_GLOBAL_CLONE || DUK_USE_ROM_GLOBAL_INHERIT */

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_hthread_create_builtin_objects(duk_hthread *thr) {
	/* Setup builtins from ROM objects.  All heaps/threads will share
	 * the same readonly objects.
	 */
	duk_small_uint_t i;

	for (i = 0; i < DUK_NUM_BUILTINS; i++) {
		duk_hobject *h;
		h = (duk_hobject *) DUK_LOSE_CONST(duk_rom_builtins_bidx[i]);
		DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);
		thr->builtins[i] = h;
	}

#if defined(DUK_USE_ROM_GLOBAL_CLONE) || defined(DUK_USE_ROM_GLOBAL_INHERIT)
	/* By default the global object is read-only which is often much
	 * more of an issue than having read-only built-in objects (like
	 * RegExp, Date, etc).  Use a RAM-based copy of the global object
	 * and the global environment object for convenience.
	 */
	duk__duplicate_ram_global_object(thr);
#endif
}
#else  /* DUK_USE_ROM_OBJECTS */
DUK_LOCAL void duk__push_stridx(duk_context *ctx, duk_bitdecoder_ctx *bd) {
	duk_small_uint_t n;

	n = (duk_small_uint_t) duk_bd_decode(bd, DUK__STRIDX_BITS);
	DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(n >= 0);  /* unsigned */
	DUK_ASSERT(n < DUK_HEAP_NUM_STRINGS);
	duk_push_hstring_stridx(ctx, n);
}
DUK_LOCAL void duk__push_string(duk_context *ctx, duk_bitdecoder_ctx *bd) {
	duk_small_uint_t n;
	duk_small_uint_t i;
	duk_uint8_t *p;

	n = (duk_small_uint_t) duk_bd_decode(bd, DUK__STRING_LENGTH_BITS);
	p = (duk_uint8_t *) duk_push_fixed_buffer(ctx, n);
	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		*p++ = (duk_uint8_t) duk_bd_decode(bd, DUK__STRING_CHAR_BITS);
	}
	duk_to_string(ctx, -1);
}
DUK_LOCAL void duk__push_stridx_or_string(duk_context *ctx, duk_bitdecoder_ctx *bd) {
	if (duk_bd_decode_flag(bd)) {
		duk__push_string(ctx, bd);
	} else {
		duk__push_stridx(ctx, bd);
	}
}
DUK_LOCAL void duk__push_double(duk_context *ctx, duk_bitdecoder_ctx *bd) {
	duk_double_union du;
	duk_small_uint_t i;

	for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
		/* Encoding endianness must match target memory layout,
		 * build scripts and genbuiltins.py must ensure this.
		 */
		du.uc[i] = (duk_uint8_t) duk_bd_decode(bd, 8);
	}

	duk_push_number(ctx, du.d);  /* push operation normalizes NaNs */
}

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_hthread_create_builtin_objects(duk_hthread *thr) {
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk_bitdecoder_ctx bd_ctx;
	duk_bitdecoder_ctx *bd = &bd_ctx;  /* convenience */
	duk_hobject *h;
	duk_small_uint_t i, j;

	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("INITBUILTINS BEGIN: DUK_NUM_BUILTINS=%d, DUK_NUM_BUILTINS_ALL=%d", (int) DUK_NUM_BUILTINS, (int) DUK_NUM_ALL_BUILTINS));

	DUK_MEMZERO(&bd_ctx, sizeof(bd_ctx));
	bd->data = (const duk_uint8_t *) duk_builtins_data;
	bd->length = (duk_size_t) DUK_BUILTINS_DATA_LENGTH;

	/*
	 *  First create all built-in bare objects on the empty valstack.
	 *
	 *  Built-ins in the index range [0,DUK_NUM_BUILTINS-1] have value
	 *  stack indices matching their eventual thr->builtins[] index.
	 *
	 *  Built-ins in the index range [DUK_NUM_BUILTINS,DUK_NUM_ALL_BUILTINS]
	 *  will exist on the value stack during init but won't be placed
	 *  into thr->builtins[].  These are objects referenced in some way
	 *  from thr->builtins[] roots but which don't need to be indexed by
	 *  Duktape through thr->builtins[] (e.g. user custom objects).
	 */

	duk_require_stack(ctx, DUK_NUM_ALL_BUILTINS);

	DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("create empty built-ins"));
	DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, 0);
	for (i = 0; i < DUK_NUM_ALL_BUILTINS; i++) {
		duk_small_uint_t class_num;
		duk_small_int_t len = -1;  /* must be signed */

		class_num = (duk_small_uint_t) duk_bd_decode(bd, DUK__CLASS_BITS);
		len = (duk_small_int_t) duk_bd_decode_flagged(bd, DUK__LENGTH_PROP_BITS, (duk_int32_t) -1 /*def_value*/);

		if (class_num == DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_FUNCTION) {
			duk_small_uint_t natidx;
			duk_int_t c_nargs;  /* must hold DUK_VARARGS */
			duk_c_function c_func;
			duk_int16_t magic;

			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("len=%ld", (long) len));
			DUK_ASSERT(len >= 0);

			natidx = (duk_small_uint_t) duk_bd_decode(bd, DUK__NATIDX_BITS);
			c_func = duk_bi_native_functions[natidx];

			c_nargs = (duk_small_uint_t) duk_bd_decode_flagged(bd, DUK__NARGS_BITS, len /*def_value*/);
			if (c_nargs == DUK__NARGS_VARARGS_MARKER) {
				c_nargs = DUK_VARARGS;
			}

			/* XXX: set magic directly here? (it could share the c_nargs arg) */
			duk_push_c_function_noexotic(ctx, c_func, c_nargs);

			h = duk_require_hobject(ctx, -1);
			DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);

			/* Currently all built-in native functions are strict.
			 * duk_push_c_function() now sets strict flag, so
			 * assert for it.
			 */
			DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_STRICT(h));

			/* XXX: function properties */

			/* Built-in 'name' is not writable by default.  Function '.name'
			 * is writable to allow user code to set a '.name' on a native
			 * function.
			 */
			duk__push_stridx_or_string(ctx, bd);
			duk_xdef_prop_stridx(ctx,
			                     -2,
			                     DUK_STRIDX_NAME,
			                     (i == DUK_BIDX_FUNCTION_PROTOTYPE) ?
			                         DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_W : DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_NONE);

			/* Almost all global level Function objects are constructable
			 * but not all: Function.prototype is a non-constructable,
			 * callable Function.
			 */
			if (duk_bd_decode_flag(bd)) {
				DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_CONSTRUCTABLE(h));
			} else {
				DUK_HOBJECT_CLEAR_CONSTRUCTABLE(h);
			}

			/* Cast converts magic to 16-bit signed value */
			magic = (duk_int16_t) duk_bd_decode_flagged(bd, DUK__MAGIC_BITS, 0 /*def_value*/);
			((duk_hnativefunction *) h)->magic = magic;
		} else {
			/* XXX: ARRAY_PART for Array prototype? */

			duk_push_object_helper(ctx,
			                       DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXTENSIBLE,
			                       -1);  /* no prototype or class yet */

			h = duk_require_hobject(ctx, -1);
			DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);
		}

		DUK_HOBJECT_SET_CLASS_NUMBER(h, class_num);

		if (i < DUK_NUM_BUILTINS) {
			thr->builtins[i] = h;
			DUK_HOBJECT_INCREF(thr, &h->hdr);
		}

		if (len >= 0) {
			/*
			 *  For top-level objects, 'length' property has the following
			 *  default attributes: non-writable, non-enumerable, non-configurable
			 *  (E5 Section 15).
			 *
			 *  However, 'length' property for Array.prototype has attributes
			 *  expected of an Array instance which are different: writable,
			 *  non-enumerable, non-configurable (E5 Section 15.4.5.2).
			 *
			 *  This is currently determined implicitly based on class; there are
			 *  no attribute flags in the init data.
			 */

			duk_push_int(ctx, len);
			duk_xdef_prop_stridx(ctx,
			                     -2,
			                     DUK_STRIDX_LENGTH,
			                     (class_num == DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_ARRAY ?  /* only Array.prototype matches */
			                      DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_W : DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_NONE));
		}

		/* enable exotic behaviors last */

		if (class_num == DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_ARRAY) {
			DUK_HOBJECT_SET_EXOTIC_ARRAY(h);
		}
		if (class_num == DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_STRING) {
			DUK_HOBJECT_SET_EXOTIC_STRINGOBJ(h);
		}

		/* some assertions */

		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXTENSIBLE(h));
		/* DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_CONSTRUCTABLE varies */
		DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_BOUND(h));
		DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_COMPILEDFUNCTION(h));
		/* DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_NATIVEFUNCTION varies */
		DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_THREAD(h));
		DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_ARRAY_PART(h));       /* currently, even for Array.prototype */
		/* DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_STRICT varies */
		DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_NATIVEFUNCTION(h) ||  /* all native functions have NEWENV */
		           DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_NEWENV(h));
		DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_NAMEBINDING(h));
		DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_CREATEARGS(h));
		DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_ENVRECCLOSED(h));
		/* DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXOTIC_ARRAY varies */
		/* DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXOTIC_STRINGOBJ varies */
		DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_ARGUMENTS(h));

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("created built-in %ld, class=%ld, length=%ld", (long) i, (long) class_num, (long) len));
	}

	/*
	 *  Then decode the builtins init data (see genbuiltins.py) to
	 *  init objects
	 */

	DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("initialize built-in object properties"));
	for (i = 0; i < DUK_NUM_ALL_BUILTINS; i++) {
		duk_small_uint_t t;
		duk_small_uint_t num;

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("initializing built-in object at index %ld", (long) i));
		h = duk_require_hobject(ctx, i);
		DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);

		t = (duk_small_uint_t) duk_bd_decode(bd, DUK__BIDX_BITS);
		if (t != DUK__NO_BIDX_MARKER) {
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("set internal prototype: built-in %ld", (long) t));
			DUK_HOBJECT_SET_PROTOTYPE_UPDREF(thr, h, duk_require_hobject(ctx, t));
		}

		t = (duk_small_uint_t) duk_bd_decode(bd, DUK__BIDX_BITS);
		if (t != DUK__NO_BIDX_MARKER) {
			/* 'prototype' property for all built-in objects (which have it) has attributes:
			 *  [[Writable]] = false,
			 *  [[Enumerable]] = false,
			 *  [[Configurable]] = false
			 */
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("set external prototype: built-in %ld", (long) t));
			duk_xdef_prop_stridx_builtin(ctx, i, DUK_STRIDX_PROTOTYPE, t, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_NONE);
		}

		t = (duk_small_uint_t) duk_bd_decode(bd, DUK__BIDX_BITS);
		if (t != DUK__NO_BIDX_MARKER) {
			/* 'constructor' property for all built-in objects (which have it) has attributes:
			 *  [[Writable]] = true,
			 *  [[Enumerable]] = false,
			 *  [[Configurable]] = true
			 */
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("set external constructor: built-in %ld", (long) t));
			duk_xdef_prop_stridx_builtin(ctx, i, DUK_STRIDX_CONSTRUCTOR, t, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_WC);
		}

		/* normal valued properties */
		num = (duk_small_uint_t) duk_bd_decode(bd, DUK__NUM_NORMAL_PROPS_BITS);
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("built-in object %ld, %ld normal valued properties", (long) i, (long) num));
		for (j = 0; j < num; j++) {
			duk_small_uint_t prop_flags;

			duk__push_stridx_or_string(ctx, bd);

			/*
			 *  Property attribute defaults are defined in E5 Section 15 (first
			 *  few pages); there is a default for all properties and a special
			 *  default for 'length' properties.  Variation from the defaults is
			 *  signaled using a single flag bit in the bitstream.
			 */

			if (duk_bd_decode_flag(bd)) {
				prop_flags = (duk_small_uint_t) duk_bd_decode(bd, DUK__PROP_FLAGS_BITS);
			} else {
				prop_flags = DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_WC;
			}

			t = (duk_small_uint_t) duk_bd_decode(bd, DUK__PROP_TYPE_BITS);

			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("built-in %ld, normal-valued property %ld, key %!T, flags 0x%02lx, type %ld",
			                     (long) i, (long) j, duk_get_tval(ctx, -1), (unsigned long) prop_flags, (long) t));

			switch (t) {
			case DUK__PROP_TYPE_DOUBLE: {
				duk__push_double(ctx, bd);
				break;
			}
			case DUK__PROP_TYPE_STRING: {
				duk__push_string(ctx, bd);
				break;
			}
			case DUK__PROP_TYPE_STRIDX: {
				duk__push_stridx(ctx, bd);
				break;
			}
			case DUK__PROP_TYPE_BUILTIN: {
				duk_small_uint_t bidx;

				bidx = (duk_small_uint_t) duk_bd_decode(bd, DUK__BIDX_BITS);
				DUK_ASSERT(bidx != DUK__NO_BIDX_MARKER);
				duk_dup(ctx, (duk_idx_t) bidx);
				break;
			}
			case DUK__PROP_TYPE_UNDEFINED: {
				duk_push_undefined(ctx);
				break;
			}
			case DUK__PROP_TYPE_BOOLEAN_TRUE: {
				duk_push_true(ctx);
				break;
			}
			case DUK__PROP_TYPE_BOOLEAN_FALSE: {
				duk_push_false(ctx);
				break;
			}
			case DUK__PROP_TYPE_ACCESSOR: {
				duk_small_uint_t natidx_getter = (duk_small_uint_t) duk_bd_decode(bd, DUK__NATIDX_BITS);
				duk_small_uint_t natidx_setter = (duk_small_uint_t) duk_bd_decode(bd, DUK__NATIDX_BITS);
				duk_c_function c_func_getter;
				duk_c_function c_func_setter;

				/* XXX: this is a bit awkward because there is no exposed helper
				 * in the API style, only this internal helper.
				 */
				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("built-in accessor property: objidx=%ld, key=%!T, getteridx=%ld, setteridx=%ld, flags=0x%04lx",
				                     (long) i, duk_get_tval(ctx, -1), (long) natidx_getter, (long) natidx_setter, (unsigned long) prop_flags));

				c_func_getter = duk_bi_native_functions[natidx_getter];
				c_func_setter = duk_bi_native_functions[natidx_setter];
				duk_push_c_function_noconstruct_noexotic(ctx, c_func_getter, 0);  /* always 0 args */
				duk_push_c_function_noconstruct_noexotic(ctx, c_func_setter, 1);  /* always 1 arg */

				/* XXX: magic for getter/setter? use duk_def_prop()? */

				DUK_ASSERT((prop_flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_WRITABLE) == 0);  /* genbuiltins.py ensures */

				prop_flags |= DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_ACCESSOR;  /* accessor flag not encoded explicitly */
				duk_hobject_define_accessor_internal(thr,
				                                     duk_require_hobject(ctx, i),
				                                     duk_get_hstring(ctx, -3),
				                                     duk_require_hobject(ctx, -2),
				                                     duk_require_hobject(ctx, -1),
				                                     prop_flags);
				duk_pop_3(ctx);  /* key, getter and setter, now reachable through object */
				goto skip_value;
			}
			default: {
				/* exhaustive */
				DUK_UNREACHABLE();
			}
			}

			DUK_ASSERT((prop_flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_ACCESSOR) == 0);
			duk_xdef_prop(ctx, i, prop_flags);

		 skip_value:
			continue;  /* avoid empty label at the end of a compound statement */
		}

		/* native function properties */
		num = (duk_small_uint_t) duk_bd_decode(bd, DUK__NUM_FUNC_PROPS_BITS);
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("built-in object %ld, %ld function valued properties", (long) i, (long) num));
		for (j = 0; j < num; j++) {
			duk_hstring *h_key;
			duk_small_uint_t natidx;
			duk_int_t c_nargs;  /* must hold DUK_VARARGS */
			duk_small_uint_t c_length;
			duk_int16_t magic;
			duk_c_function c_func;
			duk_hnativefunction *h_func;
#if defined(DUK_USE_LIGHTFUNC_BUILTINS)
			duk_small_int_t lightfunc_eligible;
#endif

			duk__push_stridx_or_string(ctx, bd);
			h_key = duk_get_hstring(ctx, -1);
			DUK_ASSERT(h_key != NULL);
			DUK_UNREF(h_key);
			natidx = (duk_small_uint_t) duk_bd_decode(bd, DUK__NATIDX_BITS);

			c_length = (duk_small_uint_t) duk_bd_decode(bd, DUK__LENGTH_PROP_BITS);
			c_nargs = (duk_int_t) duk_bd_decode_flagged(bd, DUK__NARGS_BITS, (duk_int32_t) c_length /*def_value*/);
			if (c_nargs == DUK__NARGS_VARARGS_MARKER) {
				c_nargs = DUK_VARARGS;
			}

			c_func = duk_bi_native_functions[natidx];

			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("built-in %ld, function-valued property %ld, key %!O, natidx %ld, length %ld, nargs %ld",
			                     (long) i, (long) j, (duk_heaphdr *) h_key, (long) natidx, (long) c_length,
			                     (c_nargs == DUK_VARARGS ? (long) -1 : (long) c_nargs)));

			/* Cast converts magic to 16-bit signed value */
			magic = (duk_int16_t) duk_bd_decode_flagged(bd, DUK__MAGIC_BITS, 0);

#if defined(DUK_USE_LIGHTFUNC_BUILTINS)
			lightfunc_eligible =
				((c_nargs >= DUK_LFUNC_NARGS_MIN && c_nargs <= DUK_LFUNC_NARGS_MAX) || (c_nargs == DUK_VARARGS)) &&
				(c_length <= DUK_LFUNC_LENGTH_MAX) &&
				(magic >= DUK_LFUNC_MAGIC_MIN && magic <= DUK_LFUNC_MAGIC_MAX);

			if (h_key == DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_EVAL(thr) ||
			    h_key == DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_YIELD(thr) ||
			    h_key == DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_RESUME(thr) ||
			    h_key == DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_REQUIRE(thr)) {
				/* These functions have trouble working as lightfuncs.
				 * Some of them have specific asserts and some may have
			         * additional properties (e.g. 'require.id' may be written).
				 */
				DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("reject as lightfunc: key=%!O, i=%d, j=%d", (duk_heaphdr *) h_key, (int) i, (int) j));
				lightfunc_eligible = 0;
			}

			if (lightfunc_eligible) {
				duk_tval tv_lfunc;
				duk_small_uint_t lf_nargs = (c_nargs == DUK_VARARGS ? DUK_LFUNC_NARGS_VARARGS : c_nargs);
				duk_small_uint_t lf_flags = DUK_LFUNC_FLAGS_PACK(magic, c_length, lf_nargs);
				DUK_TVAL_SET_LIGHTFUNC(&tv_lfunc, c_func, lf_flags);
				duk_push_tval(ctx, &tv_lfunc);
				DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("built-in function eligible as light function: i=%d, j=%d c_length=%ld, c_nargs=%ld, magic=%ld -> %!iT", (int) i, (int) j, (long) c_length, (long) c_nargs, (long) magic, duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));
				goto lightfunc_skip;
			}

			DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("built-in function NOT ELIGIBLE as light function: i=%d, j=%d c_length=%ld, c_nargs=%ld, magic=%ld", (int) i, (int) j, (long) c_length, (long) c_nargs, (long) magic));
#endif  /* DUK_USE_LIGHTFUNC_BUILTINS */

			/* [ (builtin objects) name ] */

			duk_push_c_function_noconstruct_noexotic(ctx, c_func, c_nargs);
			h_func = duk_require_hnativefunction(ctx, -1);
			DUK_UNREF(h_func);

			/* Currently all built-in native functions are strict.
			 * This doesn't matter for many functions, but e.g.
			 * String.prototype.charAt (and other string functions)
			 * rely on being strict so that their 'this' binding is
			 * not automatically coerced.
			 */
			DUK_HOBJECT_SET_STRICT((duk_hobject *) h_func);

			/* No built-in functions are constructable except the top
			 * level ones (Number, etc).
			 */
			DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_CONSTRUCTABLE((duk_hobject *) h_func));

			/* XXX: any way to avoid decoding magic bit; there are quite
			 * many function properties and relatively few with magic values.
			 */
			h_func->magic = magic;

			/* [ (builtin objects) name func ] */

			duk_push_int(ctx, c_length);
			duk_xdef_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_LENGTH, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_NONE);

			duk_dup(ctx, -2);
			duk_xdef_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_NAME, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_NONE);

			/* XXX: other properties of function instances; 'arguments', 'caller'. */

			DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("built-in object %ld, function property %ld -> %!T",
			                   (long) i, (long) j, (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));

			/* [ (builtin objects) name func ] */

			/*
			 *  The default property attributes are correct for all
			 *  function valued properties of built-in objects now.
			 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_LIGHTFUNC_BUILTINS)
		 lightfunc_skip:
#endif

			duk_xdef_prop(ctx, i, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_WC);

			/* [ (builtin objects) ] */
		}
	}

	/*
	 *  Special post-tweaks, for cases not covered by the init data format.
	 *
	 *  - Set Date.prototype.toGMTString to Date.prototype.toUTCString.
	 *    toGMTString is required to have the same Function object as
	 *    toUTCString in E5 Section B.2.6.  Note that while Smjs respects
	 *    this, V8 does not (the Function objects are distinct).
	 *
	 *  - Make DoubleError non-extensible.
	 *
	 *  - Add info about most important effective compile options to Duktape.
	 *
	 *  - Possibly remove some properties (values or methods) which are not
	 *    desirable with current feature options but are not currently
	 *    conditional in init data.
	 */

	duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, DUK_BIDX_DATE_PROTOTYPE, DUK_STRIDX_TO_UTC_STRING);
	duk_xdef_prop_stridx(ctx, DUK_BIDX_DATE_PROTOTYPE, DUK_STRIDX_TO_GMT_STRING, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_WC);

	h = duk_require_hobject(ctx, DUK_BIDX_DOUBLE_ERROR);
	DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);
	DUK_HOBJECT_CLEAR_EXTENSIBLE(h);

#if !defined(DUK_USE_ES6_OBJECT_PROTO_PROPERTY)
	DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("delete Object.prototype.__proto__ built-in which is not enabled in features"));
	(void) duk_hobject_delprop_raw(thr, thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_OBJECT_PROTOTYPE], DUK_HTHREAD_STRING___PROTO__(thr), DUK_DELPROP_FLAG_THROW);
#endif

#if !defined(DUK_USE_ES6_OBJECT_SETPROTOTYPEOF)
	DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("delete Object.setPrototypeOf built-in which is not enabled in features"));
	(void) duk_hobject_delprop_raw(thr, thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_OBJECT_CONSTRUCTOR], DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_SET_PROTOTYPE_OF(thr), DUK_DELPROP_FLAG_THROW);
#endif

	/* XXX: relocate */
	duk_push_string(ctx,
			/* Endianness indicator */
#if defined(DUK_USE_INTEGER_LE)
	                "l"
#elif defined(DUK_USE_INTEGER_BE)
	                "b"
#elif defined(DUK_USE_INTEGER_ME)  /* integer mixed endian not really used now */
	                "m"
#else
	                "?"
#endif
#if defined(DUK_USE_DOUBLE_LE)
	                "l"
#elif defined(DUK_USE_DOUBLE_BE)
	                "b"
#elif defined(DUK_USE_DOUBLE_ME)
	                "m"
#else
	                "?"
#endif
	                " "
			/* Packed or unpacked tval */
#if defined(DUK_USE_PACKED_TVAL)
	                "p"
#else
	                "u"
#endif
#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
			"f"
#endif
			" "
			/* Low memory options */
#if defined(DUK_USE_STRTAB_CHAIN)
			"c"  /* chain */
#elif defined(DUK_USE_STRTAB_PROBE)
			"p"  /* probe */
#else
			"?"
#endif
#if !defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16) && !defined(DUK_DATAPTR16) && !defined(DUK_FUNCPTR16)
			"n"
#endif
#if defined(DUK_USE_HEAPPTR16)
			"h"
#endif
#if defined(DUK_USE_DATAPTR16)
			"d"
#endif
#if defined(DUK_USE_FUNCPTR16)
			"f"
#endif
#if defined(DUK_USE_REFCOUNT16)
			"R"
#endif
#if defined(DUK_USE_STRHASH16)
			"H"
#endif
#if defined(DUK_USE_STRLEN16)
			"S"
#endif
#if defined(DUK_USE_BUFLEN16)
			"B"
#endif
#if defined(DUK_USE_OBJSIZES16)
			"O"
#endif
#if defined(DUK_USE_LIGHTFUNC_BUILTINS)
			"L"
#endif
#if defined(DUK_USE_ROM_STRINGS) || defined(DUK_USE_ROM_OBJECTS)
			/* XXX: This won't be shown in practice now
			 * because this code is not run when builtins
			 * are in ROM.
			 */
			"Z"
#endif
	                " "
			/* Object property allocation layout */
#if defined(DUK_USE_HOBJECT_LAYOUT_1)
			"p1"
#elif defined(DUK_USE_HOBJECT_LAYOUT_2)
			"p2"
#elif defined(DUK_USE_HOBJECT_LAYOUT_3)
			"p3"
#else
			"p?"
#endif
			" "
			/* Alignment guarantee */
#if (DUK_USE_ALIGN_BY == 4)
			"a4"
#elif (DUK_USE_ALIGN_BY == 8)
			"a8"
#elif (DUK_USE_ALIGN_BY == 1)
			"a1"
#else
#error invalid DUK_USE_ALIGN_BY
#endif
			" "
			/* Architecture, OS, and compiler strings */
	                DUK_USE_ARCH_STRING
			" "
	                DUK_USE_OS_STRING
			" "
	                DUK_USE_COMPILER_STRING);
	duk_xdef_prop_stridx(ctx, DUK_BIDX_DUKTAPE, DUK_STRIDX_ENV, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_WC);

	/*
	 *  InitJS code - Ecmascript code evaluated from a built-in source
	 *  which provides e.g. backward compatibility.  User can also provide
	 *  JS code to be evaluated at startup.
	 */

#ifdef DUK_USE_BUILTIN_INITJS
	/* XXX: compression */
	DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("running built-in initjs"));
	duk_eval_string(ctx, (const char *) duk_initjs_data);  /* initjs data is NUL terminated */
	duk_pop(ctx);
#endif  /* DUK_USE_BUILTIN_INITJS */

#ifdef DUK_USE_USER_INITJS
	/* XXX: compression (as an option) */
	DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("running user initjs"));
	duk_eval_string_noresult(ctx, (const char *) DUK_USE_USER_INITJS);
#endif  /* DUK_USE_USER_INITJS */

	/*
	 *  Since built-ins are not often extended, compact them.
	 */

	DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("compact built-ins"));
	for (i = 0; i < DUK_NUM_ALL_BUILTINS; i++) {
		duk_hobject_compact_props(thr, duk_require_hobject(ctx, i));
	}

	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("INITBUILTINS END"));

#ifdef DUK_USE_DDPRINT
	for (i = 0; i < DUK_NUM_ALL_BUILTINS; i++) {
		DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("built-in object %ld after initialization and compacting: %!@iO",
		                   (long) i, (duk_heaphdr *) duk_require_hobject(ctx, i)));
	}
#endif

	/*
	 *  Pop built-ins from stack: they are now INCREF'd and
	 *  reachable from the builtins[] array or indirectly
	 *  through builtins[].
	 */

	duk_set_top(ctx, 0);
	DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, 0);
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_ROM_OBJECTS */

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_hthread_copy_builtin_objects(duk_hthread *thr_from, duk_hthread *thr_to) {
	duk_small_uint_t i;

	for (i = 0; i < DUK_NUM_BUILTINS; i++) {
		thr_to->builtins[i] = thr_from->builtins[i];
		DUK_HOBJECT_INCREF_ALLOWNULL(thr_to, thr_to->builtins[i]);  /* side effect free */
	}
}
/*
 *  Thread support.
 */

/* include removed: duk_internal.h */

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_hthread_terminate(duk_hthread *thr) {
	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);

	/* Order of unwinding is important */

	duk_hthread_catchstack_unwind(thr, 0);

	duk_hthread_callstack_unwind(thr, 0);  /* side effects, possibly errors */

	thr->valstack_bottom = thr->valstack;
	duk_set_top((duk_context *) thr, 0);  /* unwinds valstack, updating refcounts */

	thr->state = DUK_HTHREAD_STATE_TERMINATED;

	/* Here we could remove references to built-ins, but it may not be
	 * worth the effort because built-ins are quite likely to be shared
	 * with another (unterminated) thread, and terminated threads are also
	 * usually garbage collected quite quickly.  Also, doing DECREFs
	 * could trigger finalization, which would run on the current thread
	 * and have access to only some of the built-ins.  Garbage collection
	 * deals with this correctly already.
	 */

	/* XXX: Shrink the stacks to minimize memory usage?  May not
	 * be worth the effort because terminated threads are usually
	 * garbage collected quite soon.
	 */
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_activation *duk_hthread_get_current_activation(duk_hthread *thr) {
	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);

	if (thr->callstack_top > 0) {
		return thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top - 1;
	} else {
		return NULL;
	}
}

#if defined(DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_SUPPORT)
DUK_INTERNAL duk_uint_fast32_t duk_hthread_get_act_curr_pc(duk_hthread *thr, duk_activation *act) {
	duk_instr_t *bcode;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(act != NULL);
	DUK_UNREF(thr);

	/* XXX: store 'bcode' pointer to activation for faster lookup? */
	if (act->func && DUK_HOBJECT_IS_COMPILEDFUNCTION(act->func)) {
		bcode = DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_CODE_BASE(thr->heap, (duk_hcompiledfunction *) (act->func));
		return (duk_uint_fast32_t) (act->curr_pc - bcode);
	}
	return 0;
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_SUPPORT */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_uint_fast32_t duk_hthread_get_act_prev_pc(duk_hthread *thr, duk_activation *act) {
	duk_instr_t *bcode;
	duk_uint_fast32_t ret;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(act != NULL);
	DUK_UNREF(thr);

	if (act->func && DUK_HOBJECT_IS_COMPILEDFUNCTION(act->func)) {
		bcode = DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_CODE_BASE(thr->heap, (duk_hcompiledfunction *) (act->func));
		ret = (duk_uint_fast32_t) (act->curr_pc - bcode);
		if (ret > 0) {
			ret--;
		}
		return ret;
	}
	return 0;
}

/* Write bytecode executor's curr_pc back to topmost activation (if any). */
DUK_INTERNAL void duk_hthread_sync_currpc(duk_hthread *thr) {
	duk_activation *act;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);

	if (thr->ptr_curr_pc != NULL) {
		/* ptr_curr_pc != NULL only when bytecode executor is active. */
		DUK_ASSERT(thr->callstack_top > 0);
		act = thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top - 1;
		act->curr_pc = *thr->ptr_curr_pc;
	}
}

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_hthread_sync_and_null_currpc(duk_hthread *thr) {
	duk_activation *act;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);

	if (thr->ptr_curr_pc != NULL) {
		/* ptr_curr_pc != NULL only when bytecode executor is active. */
		DUK_ASSERT(thr->callstack_top > 0);
		act = thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top - 1;
		act->curr_pc = *thr->ptr_curr_pc;
		thr->ptr_curr_pc = NULL;
	}
}
/*
 *  Manipulation of thread stacks (valstack, callstack, catchstack).
 *
 *  Ideally unwinding of stacks should have no side effects, which would
 *  then favor separate unwinding and shrink check primitives for each
 *  stack type.  A shrink check may realloc and thus have side effects.
 *
 *  However, currently callstack unwinding itself has side effects, as it
 *  needs to DECREF multiple objects, close environment records, etc.
 *  Stacks must thus be unwound in the correct order by the caller.
 *
 *  (XXX: This should be probably reworked so that there is a shared
 *  unwind primitive which handles all stacks as requested, and knows
 *  the proper order for unwinding.)
 *
 *  Valstack entries above 'top' are always kept initialized to
 *  "undefined unused".  Callstack and catchstack entries above 'top'
 *  are not zeroed and are left as garbage.
 *
 *  Value stack handling is mostly a part of the API implementation.
 */

/* include removed: duk_internal.h */

/* check that there is space for at least one new entry */
DUK_INTERNAL void duk_hthread_callstack_grow(duk_hthread *thr) {
	duk_activation *new_ptr;
	duk_size_t old_size;
	duk_size_t new_size;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(thr->callstack_top >= 0);   /* avoid warning (unsigned) */
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->callstack_size >= thr->callstack_top);

	if (thr->callstack_top < thr->callstack_size) {
		return;
	}

	old_size = thr->callstack_size;
	new_size = old_size + DUK_CALLSTACK_GROW_STEP;

	/* this is a bit approximate (errors out before max is reached); this is OK */
	if (new_size >= thr->callstack_max) {
		DUK_ERROR_RANGE(thr, DUK_STR_CALLSTACK_LIMIT);
	}

	DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("growing callstack %ld -> %ld", (long) old_size, (long) new_size));

	/*
	 *  Note: must use indirect variant of DUK_REALLOC() because underlying
	 *  pointer may be changed by mark-and-sweep.
	 */

	DUK_ASSERT(new_size > 0);
	new_ptr = (duk_activation *) DUK_REALLOC_INDIRECT(thr->heap, duk_hthread_get_callstack_ptr, (void *) thr, sizeof(duk_activation) * new_size);
	if (!new_ptr) {
		/* No need for a NULL/zero-size check because new_size > 0) */
		DUK_ERROR_ALLOC_DEFMSG(thr);
	}
	thr->callstack = new_ptr;
	thr->callstack_size = new_size;

	/* note: any entries above the callstack top are garbage and not zeroed */
}

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_hthread_callstack_shrink_check(duk_hthread *thr) {
	duk_size_t new_size;
	duk_activation *p;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(thr->callstack_top >= 0);  /* avoid warning (unsigned) */
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->callstack_size >= thr->callstack_top);

	if (thr->callstack_size - thr->callstack_top < DUK_CALLSTACK_SHRINK_THRESHOLD) {
		return;
	}

	new_size = thr->callstack_top + DUK_CALLSTACK_SHRINK_SPARE;
	DUK_ASSERT(new_size >= thr->callstack_top);

	DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("shrinking callstack %ld -> %ld", (long) thr->callstack_size, (long) new_size));

	/*
	 *  Note: must use indirect variant of DUK_REALLOC() because underlying
	 *  pointer may be changed by mark-and-sweep.
	 */

	/* shrink failure is not fatal */
	p = (duk_activation *) DUK_REALLOC_INDIRECT(thr->heap, duk_hthread_get_callstack_ptr, (void *) thr, sizeof(duk_activation) * new_size);
	if (p) {
		thr->callstack = p;
		thr->callstack_size = new_size;
	} else {
		/* Because new_size != 0, if condition doesn't need to be
		 * (p != NULL || new_size == 0).
		 */
		DUK_ASSERT(new_size != 0);
		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("callstack shrink failed, ignoring"));
	}

	/* note: any entries above the callstack top are garbage and not zeroed */
}

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_hthread_callstack_unwind(duk_hthread *thr, duk_size_t new_top) {
	duk_size_t idx;

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("unwind callstack top of thread %p from %ld to %ld",
	                     (void *) thr,
	                     (thr != NULL ? (long) thr->callstack_top : (long) -1),
	                     (long) new_top));

	DUK_ASSERT(thr);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->heap);
	DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(new_top >= 0);  /* unsigned */
	DUK_ASSERT((duk_size_t) new_top <= thr->callstack_top);  /* cannot grow */

	/*
	 *  The loop below must avoid issues with potential callstack
	 *  reallocations.  A resize (and other side effects) may happen
	 *  e.g. due to finalizer/errhandler calls caused by a refzero or
	 *  mark-and-sweep.  Arbitrary finalizers may run, because when
	 *  an environment record is refzero'd, it may refer to arbitrary
	 *  values which also become refzero'd.
	 *
	 *  So, the pointer 'p' is re-looked-up below whenever a side effect
	 *  might have changed it.
	 */

	idx = thr->callstack_top;
	while (idx > new_top) {
		duk_activation *act;
		duk_hobject *func;
#ifdef DUK_USE_REFERENCE_COUNTING
		duk_hobject *tmp;
#endif
#ifdef DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_SUPPORT
		duk_heap *heap;
#endif

		idx--;
		DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(idx >= 0);  /* unsigned */
		DUK_ASSERT((duk_size_t) idx < thr->callstack_size);  /* true, despite side effect resizes */

		act = thr->callstack + idx;
		/* With lightfuncs, act 'func' may be NULL */

#ifdef DUK_USE_NONSTD_FUNC_CALLER_PROPERTY
		/*
		 *  Restore 'caller' property for non-strict callee functions.
		 */

		func = DUK_ACT_GET_FUNC(act);
		if (func != NULL && !DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_STRICT(func)) {
			duk_tval *tv_caller;
			duk_tval tv_tmp;
			duk_hobject *h_tmp;

			tv_caller = duk_hobject_find_existing_entry_tval_ptr(thr->heap, func, DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_CALLER(thr));

			/* The act->prev_caller should only be set if the entry for 'caller'
			 * exists (as it is only set in that case, and the property is not
			 * configurable), but handle all the cases anyway.
			 */

			if (tv_caller) {
				DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL(&tv_tmp, tv_caller);
				if (act->prev_caller) {
					/* Just transfer the refcount from act->prev_caller to tv_caller,
					 * so no need for a refcount update.  This is the expected case.
					 */
					DUK_TVAL_SET_OBJECT(tv_caller, act->prev_caller);
					act->prev_caller = NULL;
				} else {
					DUK_TVAL_SET_NULL(tv_caller);   /* no incref needed */
					DUK_ASSERT(act->prev_caller == NULL);
				}
				DUK_TVAL_DECREF(thr, &tv_tmp);  /* side effects */
			} else {
				h_tmp = act->prev_caller;
				if (h_tmp) {
					act->prev_caller = NULL;
					DUK_HOBJECT_DECREF(thr, h_tmp);  /* side effects */
				}
			}
			act = thr->callstack + idx;  /* avoid side effects */
			DUK_ASSERT(act->prev_caller == NULL);
		}
#endif

		/*
		 *  Unwind debugger state.  If we unwind while stepping
		 *  (either step over or step into), pause execution.
		 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_SUPPORT)
		heap = thr->heap;
		if (heap->dbg_step_thread == thr &&
		    heap->dbg_step_csindex == idx) {
			/* Pause for all step types: step into, step over, step out.
			 * This is the only place explicitly handling a step out.
			 */
			DUK_HEAP_SET_PAUSED(heap);
			DUK_ASSERT(heap->dbg_step_thread == NULL);
		}
#endif

		/*
		 *  Close environment record(s) if they exist.
		 *
		 *  Only variable environments are closed.  If lex_env != var_env, it
		 *  cannot currently contain any register bound declarations.
		 *
		 *  Only environments created for a NEWENV function are closed.  If an
		 *  environment is created for e.g. an eval call, it must not be closed.
		 */

		func = DUK_ACT_GET_FUNC(act);
		if (func != NULL && !DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_NEWENV(func)) {
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("skip closing environments, envs not owned by this activation"));
			goto skip_env_close;
		}
		/* func is NULL for lightfunc */

		DUK_ASSERT(act->lex_env == act->var_env);
		if (act->var_env != NULL) {
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("closing var_env record %p -> %!O",
			                     (void *) act->var_env, (duk_heaphdr *) act->var_env));
			duk_js_close_environment_record(thr, act->var_env, func, act->idx_bottom);
			act = thr->callstack + idx;  /* avoid side effect issues */
		}

#if 0
		if (act->lex_env != NULL) {
			if (act->lex_env == act->var_env) {
				/* common case, already closed, so skip */
				DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("lex_env and var_env are the same and lex_env "
				                   "already closed -> skip closing lex_env"));
				;
			} else {
				DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("closing lex_env record %p -> %!O",
				                   (void *) act->lex_env, (duk_heaphdr *) act->lex_env));
				duk_js_close_environment_record(thr, act->lex_env, DUK_ACT_GET_FUNC(act), act->idx_bottom);
				act = thr->callstack + idx;  /* avoid side effect issues */
			}
		}
#endif

		DUK_ASSERT((act->lex_env == NULL) ||
		           ((duk_hobject_find_existing_entry_tval_ptr(thr->heap, act->lex_env, DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_INT_CALLEE(thr)) == NULL) &&
		            (duk_hobject_find_existing_entry_tval_ptr(thr->heap, act->lex_env, DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_INT_VARMAP(thr)) == NULL) &&
		            (duk_hobject_find_existing_entry_tval_ptr(thr->heap, act->lex_env, DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_INT_THREAD(thr)) == NULL) &&
		            (duk_hobject_find_existing_entry_tval_ptr(thr->heap, act->lex_env, DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_INT_REGBASE(thr)) == NULL)));

		DUK_ASSERT((act->var_env == NULL) ||
		           ((duk_hobject_find_existing_entry_tval_ptr(thr->heap, act->var_env, DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_INT_CALLEE(thr)) == NULL) &&
		            (duk_hobject_find_existing_entry_tval_ptr(thr->heap, act->var_env, DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_INT_VARMAP(thr)) == NULL) &&
		            (duk_hobject_find_existing_entry_tval_ptr(thr->heap, act->var_env, DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_INT_THREAD(thr)) == NULL) &&
		            (duk_hobject_find_existing_entry_tval_ptr(thr->heap, act->var_env, DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_INT_REGBASE(thr)) == NULL)));

	 skip_env_close:

		/*
		 *  Update preventcount
		 */

		if (act->flags & DUK_ACT_FLAG_PREVENT_YIELD) {
			DUK_ASSERT(thr->callstack_preventcount >= 1);
			thr->callstack_preventcount--;
		}

		/*
		 *  Reference count updates
		 *
		 *  Note: careful manipulation of refcounts.  The top is
		 *  not updated yet, so all the activations are reachable
		 *  for mark-and-sweep (which may be triggered by decref).
		 *  However, the pointers are NULL so this is not an issue.
		 */

#ifdef DUK_USE_REFERENCE_COUNTING
		tmp = act->var_env;
#endif
		act->var_env = NULL;
#ifdef DUK_USE_REFERENCE_COUNTING
		DUK_HOBJECT_DECREF_ALLOWNULL(thr, tmp);
		act = thr->callstack + idx;  /* avoid side effect issues */
#endif

#ifdef DUK_USE_REFERENCE_COUNTING
		tmp = act->lex_env;
#endif
		act->lex_env = NULL;
#ifdef DUK_USE_REFERENCE_COUNTING
		DUK_HOBJECT_DECREF_ALLOWNULL(thr, tmp);
		act = thr->callstack + idx;  /* avoid side effect issues */
#endif

		/* Note: this may cause a corner case situation where a finalizer
		 * may see a currently reachable activation whose 'func' is NULL.
		 */
#ifdef DUK_USE_REFERENCE_COUNTING
		tmp = DUK_ACT_GET_FUNC(act);
#endif
		act->func = NULL;
#ifdef DUK_USE_REFERENCE_COUNTING
		DUK_HOBJECT_DECREF_ALLOWNULL(thr, tmp);
		act = thr->callstack + idx;  /* avoid side effect issues */
		DUK_UNREF(act);
#endif
	}

	thr->callstack_top = new_top;

	/*
	 *  We could clear the book-keeping variables for the topmost activation,
	 *  but don't do so now.
	 */
#if 0
	if (thr->callstack_top > 0) {
		duk_activation *act = thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top - 1;
		act->idx_retval = 0;
	}
#endif

	/* Note: any entries above the callstack top are garbage and not zeroed.
	 * Also topmost activation idx_retval is garbage (not zeroed), and must
	 * be ignored.
	 */
}

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_hthread_catchstack_grow(duk_hthread *thr) {
	duk_catcher *new_ptr;
	duk_size_t old_size;
	duk_size_t new_size;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(thr->catchstack_top);  /* avoid warning (unsigned) */
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->catchstack_size >= thr->catchstack_top);

	if (thr->catchstack_top < thr->catchstack_size) {
		return;
	}

	old_size = thr->catchstack_size;
	new_size = old_size + DUK_CATCHSTACK_GROW_STEP;

	/* this is a bit approximate (errors out before max is reached); this is OK */
	if (new_size >= thr->catchstack_max) {
		DUK_ERROR_RANGE(thr, DUK_STR_CATCHSTACK_LIMIT);
	}

	DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("growing catchstack %ld -> %ld", (long) old_size, (long) new_size));

	/*
	 *  Note: must use indirect variant of DUK_REALLOC() because underlying
	 *  pointer may be changed by mark-and-sweep.
	 */

	DUK_ASSERT(new_size > 0);
	new_ptr = (duk_catcher *) DUK_REALLOC_INDIRECT(thr->heap, duk_hthread_get_catchstack_ptr, (void *) thr, sizeof(duk_catcher) * new_size);
	if (!new_ptr) {
		/* No need for a NULL/zero-size check because new_size > 0) */
		DUK_ERROR_ALLOC_DEFMSG(thr);
	}
	thr->catchstack = new_ptr;
	thr->catchstack_size = new_size;

	/* note: any entries above the catchstack top are garbage and not zeroed */
}

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_hthread_catchstack_shrink_check(duk_hthread *thr) {
	duk_size_t new_size;
	duk_catcher *p;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(thr->catchstack_top >= 0);  /* avoid warning (unsigned) */
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->catchstack_size >= thr->catchstack_top);

	if (thr->catchstack_size - thr->catchstack_top < DUK_CATCHSTACK_SHRINK_THRESHOLD) {
		return;
	}

	new_size = thr->catchstack_top + DUK_CATCHSTACK_SHRINK_SPARE;
	DUK_ASSERT(new_size >= thr->catchstack_top);

	DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("shrinking catchstack %ld -> %ld", (long) thr->catchstack_size, (long) new_size));

	/*
	 *  Note: must use indirect variant of DUK_REALLOC() because underlying
	 *  pointer may be changed by mark-and-sweep.
	 */

	/* shrink failure is not fatal */
	p = (duk_catcher *) DUK_REALLOC_INDIRECT(thr->heap, duk_hthread_get_catchstack_ptr, (void *) thr, sizeof(duk_catcher) * new_size);
	if (p) {
		thr->catchstack = p;
		thr->catchstack_size = new_size;
	} else {
		/* Because new_size != 0, if condition doesn't need to be
		 * (p != NULL || new_size == 0).
		 */
		DUK_ASSERT(new_size != 0);
		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("catchstack shrink failed, ignoring"));
	}

	/* note: any entries above the catchstack top are garbage and not zeroed */
}

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_hthread_catchstack_unwind(duk_hthread *thr, duk_size_t new_top) {
	duk_size_t idx;

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("unwind catchstack top of thread %p from %ld to %ld",
	                     (void *) thr,
	                     (thr != NULL ? (long) thr->catchstack_top : (long) -1),
	                     (long) new_top));

	DUK_ASSERT(thr);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->heap);
	DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(new_top >= 0);  /* unsigned */
	DUK_ASSERT((duk_size_t) new_top <= thr->catchstack_top);  /* cannot grow */

	/*
	 *  Since there are no references in the catcher structure,
	 *  unwinding is quite simple.  The only thing we need to
	 *  look out for is popping a possible lexical environment
	 *  established for an active catch clause.
	 */

	idx = thr->catchstack_top;
	while (idx > new_top) {
		duk_catcher *p;
		duk_activation *act;
		duk_hobject *env;

		idx--;
		DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(idx >= 0);  /* unsigned */
		DUK_ASSERT((duk_size_t) idx < thr->catchstack_size);

		p = thr->catchstack + idx;

		if (DUK_CAT_HAS_LEXENV_ACTIVE(p)) {
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("unwinding catchstack idx %ld, callstack idx %ld, callstack top %ld: lexical environment active",
			                     (long) idx, (long) p->callstack_index, (long) thr->callstack_top));

			/* XXX: Here we have a nasty dependency: the need to manipulate
			 * the callstack means that catchstack must always be unwound by
			 * the caller before unwinding the callstack.  This should be fixed
			 * later.
			 */

			/* Note that multiple catchstack entries may refer to the same
			 * callstack entry.
			 */
			act = thr->callstack + p->callstack_index;
			DUK_ASSERT(act >= thr->callstack);
			DUK_ASSERT(act < thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top);

			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("catchstack_index=%ld, callstack_index=%ld, lex_env=%!iO",
			                     (long) idx, (long) p->callstack_index,
			                     (duk_heaphdr *) act->lex_env));

			env = act->lex_env;             /* current lex_env of the activation (created for catcher) */
			DUK_ASSERT(env != NULL);        /* must be, since env was created when catcher was created */
			act->lex_env = DUK_HOBJECT_GET_PROTOTYPE(thr->heap, env);  /* prototype is lex_env before catcher created */
			DUK_HOBJECT_DECREF(thr, env);

			/* There is no need to decref anything else than 'env': if 'env'
			 * becomes unreachable, refzero will handle decref'ing its prototype.
			 */
		}
	}

	thr->catchstack_top = new_top;

	/* note: any entries above the catchstack top are garbage and not zeroed */
}
/*
 *  Call handling.
 *
 *  Main functions are:
 *
 *    - duk_handle_call_unprotected(): unprotected call to Ecmascript or
 *      Duktape/C function
 *    - duk_handle_call_protected(): protected call to Ecmascript or
 *      Duktape/C function
 *    - duk_handle_safe_call(): make a protected C call within current
 *      activation
 *    - duk_handle_ecma_call_setup(): Ecmascript-to-Ecmascript calls
 *      (not always possible), including tail calls and coroutine resume
 *
 *  See 'execution.rst'.
 *
 *  Note: setjmp() and local variables have a nasty interaction,
 *  see execution.rst; non-volatile locals modified after setjmp()
 *  call are not guaranteed to keep their value.
 */

/* include removed: duk_internal.h */

/*
 *  Forward declarations.
 */

DUK_LOCAL void duk__handle_call_inner(duk_hthread *thr,
                                      duk_idx_t num_stack_args,
                                      duk_small_uint_t call_flags,
                                      duk_idx_t idx_func);
DUK_LOCAL void duk__handle_call_error(duk_hthread *thr,
                                      duk_size_t entry_valstack_bottom_index,
                                      duk_size_t entry_valstack_end,
                                      duk_size_t entry_catchstack_top,
                                      duk_size_t entry_callstack_top,
                                      duk_int_t entry_call_recursion_depth,
                                      duk_hthread *entry_curr_thread,
                                      duk_uint_fast8_t entry_thread_state,
                                      duk_instr_t **entry_ptr_curr_pc,
                                      duk_idx_t idx_func,
                                      duk_jmpbuf *old_jmpbuf_ptr);
DUK_LOCAL void duk__handle_safe_call_inner(duk_hthread *thr,
                                           duk_safe_call_function func,
                                           duk_idx_t idx_retbase,
                                           duk_idx_t num_stack_rets,
                                           duk_size_t entry_valstack_bottom_index,
                                           duk_size_t entry_callstack_top,
                                           duk_size_t entry_catchstack_top);
DUK_LOCAL void duk__handle_safe_call_error(duk_hthread *thr,
                                           duk_idx_t idx_retbase,
                                           duk_idx_t num_stack_rets,
                                           duk_size_t entry_valstack_bottom_index,
                                           duk_size_t entry_callstack_top,
                                           duk_size_t entry_catchstack_top,
                                           duk_jmpbuf *old_jmpbuf_ptr);
DUK_LOCAL void duk__handle_safe_call_shared(duk_hthread *thr,
                                            duk_idx_t idx_retbase,
                                            duk_idx_t num_stack_rets,
                                            duk_int_t entry_call_recursion_depth,
                                            duk_hthread *entry_curr_thread,
                                            duk_uint_fast8_t entry_thread_state,
                                            duk_instr_t **entry_ptr_curr_pc);

/*
 *  Interrupt counter fixup (for development only).
 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_INTERRUPT_COUNTER) && defined(DUK_USE_DEBUG)
DUK_LOCAL void duk__interrupt_fixup(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hthread *entry_curr_thread) {
	/* Currently the bytecode executor and executor interrupt
	 * instruction counts are off because we don't execute the
	 * interrupt handler when we're about to exit from the initial
	 * user call into Duktape.
	 *
	 * If we were to execute the interrupt handler here, the counts
	 * would match.  You can enable this block manually to check
	 * that this is the case.
	 */

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->heap != NULL);

#if defined(DUK_USE_INTERRUPT_DEBUG_FIXUP)
	if (entry_curr_thread == NULL) {
		thr->interrupt_init = thr->interrupt_init - thr->interrupt_counter;
		thr->heap->inst_count_interrupt += thr->interrupt_init;
		DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("debug test: updated interrupt count on exit to "
		                   "user code, instruction counts: executor=%ld, interrupt=%ld",
		                   (long) thr->heap->inst_count_exec, (long) thr->heap->inst_count_interrupt));
		DUK_ASSERT(thr->heap->inst_count_exec == thr->heap->inst_count_interrupt);
	}
#else
	DUK_UNREF(thr);
	DUK_UNREF(entry_curr_thread);
#endif
}
#endif

/*
 *  Arguments object creation.
 *
 *  Creating arguments objects involves many small details, see E5 Section
 *  10.6 for the specific requirements.  Much of the arguments object exotic
 *  behavior is implemented in duk_hobject_props.c, and is enabled by the
 *  object flag DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXOTIC_ARGUMENTS.
 */

DUK_LOCAL void duk__create_arguments_object(duk_hthread *thr,
                                            duk_hobject *func,
                                            duk_hobject *varenv,
                                            duk_idx_t idx_argbase,        /* idx of first argument on stack */
                                            duk_idx_t num_stack_args) {   /* num args starting from idx_argbase */
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk_hobject *arg;          /* 'arguments' */
	duk_hobject *formals;      /* formals for 'func' (may be NULL if func is a C function) */
	duk_idx_t i_arg;
	duk_idx_t i_map;
	duk_idx_t i_mappednames;
	duk_idx_t i_formals;
	duk_idx_t i_argbase;
	duk_idx_t n_formals;
	duk_idx_t idx;
	duk_bool_t need_map;

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("creating arguments object for func=%!iO, varenv=%!iO, "
	                     "idx_argbase=%ld, num_stack_args=%ld",
	                     (duk_heaphdr *) func, (duk_heaphdr *) varenv,
	                     (long) idx_argbase, (long) num_stack_args));

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(func != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_IS_NONBOUND_FUNCTION(func));
	DUK_ASSERT(varenv != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(idx_argbase >= 0);  /* assumed to bottom relative */
	DUK_ASSERT(num_stack_args >= 0);

	need_map = 0;

	i_argbase = idx_argbase;
	DUK_ASSERT(i_argbase >= 0);

	duk_push_hobject(ctx, func);
	duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, -1, DUK_STRIDX_INT_FORMALS);
	formals = duk_get_hobject(ctx, -1);
	n_formals = 0;
	if (formals) {
		duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, -1, DUK_STRIDX_LENGTH);
		n_formals = (duk_idx_t) duk_require_int(ctx, -1);
		duk_pop(ctx);
	}
	duk_remove(ctx, -2);  /* leave formals on stack for later use */
	i_formals = duk_require_top_index(ctx);

	DUK_ASSERT(n_formals >= 0);
	DUK_ASSERT(formals != NULL || n_formals == 0);

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("func=%!O, formals=%!O, n_formals=%ld",
	                     (duk_heaphdr *) func, (duk_heaphdr *) formals,
	                     (long) n_formals));

	/* [ ... formals ] */

	/*
	 *  Create required objects:
	 *    - 'arguments' object: array-like, but not an array
	 *    - 'map' object: internal object, tied to 'arguments'
	 *    - 'mappedNames' object: temporary value used during construction
	 */

	i_arg = duk_push_object_helper(ctx,
	                               DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXTENSIBLE |
	                               DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_ARRAY_PART |
	                               DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_AS_FLAGS(DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_ARGUMENTS),
	                               DUK_BIDX_OBJECT_PROTOTYPE);
	DUK_ASSERT(i_arg >= 0);
	arg = duk_require_hobject(ctx, -1);
	DUK_ASSERT(arg != NULL);

	i_map = duk_push_object_helper(ctx,
	                               DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXTENSIBLE |
	                               DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_AS_FLAGS(DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_OBJECT),
	                               -1);  /* no prototype */
	DUK_ASSERT(i_map >= 0);

	i_mappednames = duk_push_object_helper(ctx,
	                                       DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXTENSIBLE |
	                                       DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_AS_FLAGS(DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_OBJECT),
	                                       -1);  /* no prototype */
	DUK_ASSERT(i_mappednames >= 0);

	/* [ ... formals arguments map mappedNames ] */

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("created arguments related objects: "
	                     "arguments at index %ld -> %!O "
	                     "map at index %ld -> %!O "
	                     "mappednames at index %ld -> %!O",
	                     (long) i_arg, (duk_heaphdr *) duk_get_hobject(ctx, i_arg),
	                     (long) i_map, (duk_heaphdr *) duk_get_hobject(ctx, i_map),
	                     (long) i_mappednames, (duk_heaphdr *) duk_get_hobject(ctx, i_mappednames)));

	/*
	 *  Init arguments properties, map, etc.
	 */

	duk_push_int(ctx, num_stack_args);
	duk_xdef_prop_stridx(ctx, i_arg, DUK_STRIDX_LENGTH, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_WC);

	/*
	 *  Init argument related properties
	 */

	/* step 11 */
	idx = num_stack_args - 1;
	while (idx >= 0) {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("arg idx %ld, argbase=%ld, argidx=%ld",
		                     (long) idx, (long) i_argbase, (long) (i_argbase + idx)));

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("define arguments[%ld]=arg", (long) idx));
		duk_dup(ctx, i_argbase + idx);
		duk_xdef_prop_index_wec(ctx, i_arg, (duk_uarridx_t) idx);
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("defined arguments[%ld]=arg", (long) idx));

		/* step 11.c is relevant only if non-strict (checked in 11.c.ii) */
		if (!DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_STRICT(func) && idx < n_formals) {
			DUK_ASSERT(formals != NULL);

			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("strict function, index within formals (%ld < %ld)",
			                     (long) idx, (long) n_formals));

			duk_get_prop_index(ctx, i_formals, idx);
			DUK_ASSERT(duk_is_string(ctx, -1));

			duk_dup(ctx, -1);  /* [ ... name name ] */

			if (!duk_has_prop(ctx, i_mappednames)) {
				/* steps 11.c.ii.1 - 11.c.ii.4, but our internal book-keeping
				 * differs from the reference model
				 */

				/* [ ... name ] */

				need_map = 1;

				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("set mappednames[%s]=%ld",
				                     (const char *) duk_get_string(ctx, -1),
				                     (long) idx));
				duk_dup(ctx, -1);                      /* name */
				duk_push_uint(ctx, (duk_uint_t) idx);  /* index */
				duk_to_string(ctx, -1);
				duk_xdef_prop_wec(ctx, i_mappednames);  /* out of spec, must be configurable */

				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("set map[%ld]=%s",
				                     (long) idx,
				                     duk_get_string(ctx, -1)));
				duk_dup(ctx, -1);         /* name */
				duk_xdef_prop_index_wec(ctx, i_map, (duk_uarridx_t) idx);  /* out of spec, must be configurable */
			} else {
				/* duk_has_prop() popped the second 'name' */
			}

			/* [ ... name ] */
			duk_pop(ctx);  /* pop 'name' */
		}

		idx--;
	}

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("actual arguments processed"));

	/* step 12 */
	if (need_map) {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("adding 'map' and 'varenv' to arguments object"));

		/* should never happen for a strict callee */
		DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_STRICT(func));

		duk_dup(ctx, i_map);
		duk_xdef_prop_stridx(ctx, i_arg, DUK_STRIDX_INT_MAP, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_NONE);  /* out of spec, don't care */

		/* The variable environment for magic variable bindings needs to be
		 * given by the caller and recorded in the arguments object.
		 *
		 * See E5 Section 10.6, the creation of setters/getters.
		 *
		 * The variable environment also provides access to the callee, so
		 * an explicit (internal) callee property is not needed.
		 */

		duk_push_hobject(ctx, varenv);
		duk_xdef_prop_stridx(ctx, i_arg, DUK_STRIDX_INT_VARENV, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_NONE);  /* out of spec, don't care */
	}

	/* steps 13-14 */
	if (DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_STRICT(func)) {
		/* Callee/caller are throwers and are not deletable etc.  They
		 * could be implemented as virtual properties, but currently
		 * there is no support for virtual properties which are accessors
		 * (only plain virtual properties).  This would not be difficult
		 * to change in duk_hobject_props, but we can make the throwers
		 * normal, concrete properties just as easily.
		 *
		 * Note that the specification requires that the *same* thrower
		 * built-in object is used here!  See E5 Section 10.6 main
		 * algoritm, step 14, and Section 13.2.3 which describes the
		 * thrower.  See test case test-arguments-throwers.js.
		 */

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("strict function, setting caller/callee to throwers"));

		duk_xdef_prop_stridx_thrower(ctx, i_arg, DUK_STRIDX_CALLER, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_NONE);
		duk_xdef_prop_stridx_thrower(ctx, i_arg, DUK_STRIDX_CALLEE, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_NONE);
	} else {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("non-strict function, setting callee to actual value"));
		duk_push_hobject(ctx, func);
		duk_xdef_prop_stridx(ctx, i_arg, DUK_STRIDX_CALLEE, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_WC);
	}

	/* set exotic behavior only after we're done */
	if (need_map) {
		/* Exotic behaviors are only enabled for arguments objects
		 * which have a parameter map (see E5 Section 10.6 main
		 * algorithm, step 12).
		 *
		 * In particular, a non-strict arguments object with no
		 * mapped formals does *NOT* get exotic behavior, even
		 * for e.g. "caller" property.  This seems counterintuitive
		 * but seems to be the case.
		 */

		/* cannot be strict (never mapped variables) */
		DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_STRICT(func));

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("enabling exotic behavior for arguments object"));
		DUK_HOBJECT_SET_EXOTIC_ARGUMENTS(arg);
	} else {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("not enabling exotic behavior for arguments object"));
	}

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("final arguments related objects: "
	                     "arguments at index %ld -> %!O "
	                     "map at index %ld -> %!O "
	                     "mappednames at index %ld -> %!O",
	                     (long) i_arg, (duk_heaphdr *) duk_get_hobject(ctx, i_arg),
	                     (long) i_map, (duk_heaphdr *) duk_get_hobject(ctx, i_map),
	                     (long) i_mappednames, (duk_heaphdr *) duk_get_hobject(ctx, i_mappednames)));

	/* [ args(n) [crud] formals arguments map mappednames ] */

	duk_pop_2(ctx);
	duk_remove(ctx, -2);

	/* [ args [crud] arguments ] */
}

/* Helper for creating the arguments object and adding it to the env record
 * on top of the value stack.  This helper has a very strict dependency on
 * the shape of the input stack.
 */
DUK_LOCAL void duk__handle_createargs_for_call(duk_hthread *thr,
                                               duk_hobject *func,
                                               duk_hobject *env,
                                               duk_idx_t num_stack_args) {
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("creating arguments object for function call"));

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(func != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(env != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_CREATEARGS(func));
	DUK_ASSERT(duk_get_top(ctx) >= num_stack_args + 1);

	/* [ ... arg1 ... argN envobj ] */

	duk__create_arguments_object(thr,
	                             func,
	                             env,
	                             duk_get_top(ctx) - num_stack_args - 1,    /* idx_argbase */
	                             num_stack_args);

	/* [ ... arg1 ... argN envobj argobj ] */

	duk_xdef_prop_stridx(ctx,
	                     -2,
	                     DUK_STRIDX_LC_ARGUMENTS,
	                     DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_STRICT(func) ? DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_E :   /* strict: non-deletable, non-writable */
	                                                    DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_WE);  /* non-strict: non-deletable, writable */
	/* [ ... arg1 ... argN envobj ] */
}

/*
 *  Helper for handling a "bound function" chain when a call is being made.
 *
 *  Follows the bound function chain until a non-bound function is found.
 *  Prepends the bound arguments to the value stack (at idx_func + 2),
 *  updating 'num_stack_args' in the process.  The 'this' binding is also
 *  updated if necessary (at idx_func + 1).  Note that for constructor calls
 *  the 'this' binding is never updated by [[BoundThis]].
 *
 *  XXX: bound function chains could be collapsed at bound function creation
 *  time so that each bound function would point directly to a non-bound
 *  function.  This would make call time handling much easier.
 */

DUK_LOCAL void duk__handle_bound_chain_for_call(duk_hthread *thr,
                                                duk_idx_t idx_func,
                                                duk_idx_t *p_num_stack_args,   /* may be changed by call */
                                                duk_bool_t is_constructor_call) {
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk_idx_t num_stack_args;
	duk_tval *tv_func;
	duk_hobject *func;
	duk_uint_t sanity;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(p_num_stack_args != NULL);

	/* On entry, item at idx_func is a bound, non-lightweight function,
	 * but we don't rely on that below.
	 */

	num_stack_args = *p_num_stack_args;

	sanity = DUK_HOBJECT_BOUND_CHAIN_SANITY;
	do {
		duk_idx_t i, len;

		tv_func = duk_require_tval(ctx, idx_func);
		DUK_ASSERT(tv_func != NULL);

		if (DUK_TVAL_IS_LIGHTFUNC(tv_func)) {
			/* Lightweight function: never bound, so terminate. */
			break;
		} else if (DUK_TVAL_IS_OBJECT(tv_func)) {
			func = DUK_TVAL_GET_OBJECT(tv_func);
			if (!DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_BOUND(func)) {
				/* Normal non-bound function. */
				break;
			}
		} else {
			/* Function.prototype.bind() should never let this happen,
			 * ugly error message is enough.
			 */
			DUK_ERROR_INTERNAL_DEFMSG(thr);
		}
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_GET_OBJECT(tv_func) != NULL);

		/* XXX: this could be more compact by accessing the internal properties
		 * directly as own properties (they cannot be inherited, and are not
		 * externally visible).
		 */

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("bound function encountered, ptr=%p, num_stack_args=%ld: %!T",
		                     (void *) DUK_TVAL_GET_OBJECT(tv_func), (long) num_stack_args, tv_func));

		/* [ ... func this arg1 ... argN ] */

		if (is_constructor_call) {
			/* See: tests/ecmascript/test-spec-bound-constructor.js */
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("constructor call: don't update this binding"));
		} else {
			duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, idx_func, DUK_STRIDX_INT_THIS);
			duk_replace(ctx, idx_func + 1);  /* idx_this = idx_func + 1 */
		}

		/* [ ... func this arg1 ... argN ] */

		/* XXX: duk_get_length? */
		duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, idx_func, DUK_STRIDX_INT_ARGS);  /* -> [ ... func this arg1 ... argN _Args ] */
		duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, -1, DUK_STRIDX_LENGTH);          /* -> [ ... func this arg1 ... argN _Args length ] */
		len = (duk_idx_t) duk_require_int(ctx, -1);
		duk_pop(ctx);
		for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
			/* XXX: very slow - better to bulk allocate a gap, and copy
			 * from args_array directly (we know it has a compact array
			 * part, etc).
			 */

			/* [ ... func this <some bound args> arg1 ... argN _Args ] */
			duk_get_prop_index(ctx, -1, i);
			duk_insert(ctx, idx_func + 2 + i);  /* idx_args = idx_func + 2 */
		}
		num_stack_args += len;  /* must be updated to work properly (e.g. creation of 'arguments') */
		duk_pop(ctx);

		/* [ ... func this <bound args> arg1 ... argN ] */

		duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, idx_func, DUK_STRIDX_INT_TARGET);
		duk_replace(ctx, idx_func);  /* replace in stack */

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("bound function handled, num_stack_args=%ld, idx_func=%ld, curr func=%!T",
		                     (long) num_stack_args, (long) idx_func, duk_get_tval(ctx, idx_func)));
	} while (--sanity > 0);

	if (sanity == 0) {
		DUK_ERROR_RANGE(thr, DUK_STR_BOUND_CHAIN_LIMIT);
	}

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("final non-bound function is: %!T", duk_get_tval(ctx, idx_func)));

#if defined(DUK_USE_ASSERTIONS)
	tv_func = duk_require_tval(ctx, idx_func);
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_LIGHTFUNC(tv_func) || DUK_TVAL_IS_OBJECT(tv_func));
	if (DUK_TVAL_IS_OBJECT(tv_func)) {
		func = DUK_TVAL_GET_OBJECT(tv_func);
		DUK_ASSERT(func != NULL);
		DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_BOUND(func));
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_COMPILEDFUNCTION(func) ||
		           DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_NATIVEFUNCTION(func));
	}
#endif

	/* write back */
	*p_num_stack_args = num_stack_args;
}

/*
 *  Helper for setting up var_env and lex_env of an activation,
 *  assuming it does NOT have the DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_NEWENV flag.
 */

DUK_LOCAL void duk__handle_oldenv_for_call(duk_hthread *thr,
                                           duk_hobject *func,
                                           duk_activation *act) {
	duk_tval *tv;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(func != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(act != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_NEWENV(func));
	DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_CREATEARGS(func));

	tv = duk_hobject_find_existing_entry_tval_ptr(thr->heap, func, DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_INT_LEXENV(thr));
	if (tv) {
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_OBJECT(tv));
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_IS_ENV(DUK_TVAL_GET_OBJECT(tv)));
		act->lex_env = DUK_TVAL_GET_OBJECT(tv);

		tv = duk_hobject_find_existing_entry_tval_ptr(thr->heap, func, DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_INT_VARENV(thr));
		if (tv) {
			DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_OBJECT(tv));
			DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_IS_ENV(DUK_TVAL_GET_OBJECT(tv)));
			act->var_env = DUK_TVAL_GET_OBJECT(tv);
		} else {
			act->var_env = act->lex_env;
		}
	} else {
		act->lex_env = thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_GLOBAL_ENV];
		act->var_env = act->lex_env;
	}

	DUK_HOBJECT_INCREF_ALLOWNULL(thr, act->lex_env);
	DUK_HOBJECT_INCREF_ALLOWNULL(thr, act->var_env);
}

/*
 *  Helper for updating callee 'caller' property.
 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_NONSTD_FUNC_CALLER_PROPERTY)
DUK_LOCAL void duk__update_func_caller_prop(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *func) {
	duk_tval *tv_caller;
	duk_hobject *h_tmp;
	duk_activation *act_callee;
	duk_activation *act_caller;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(func != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_BOUND(func));  /* bound chain resolved */
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->callstack_top >= 1);

	if (DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_STRICT(func)) {
		/* Strict functions don't get their 'caller' updated. */
		return;
	}

	act_callee = thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top - 1;
	act_caller = (thr->callstack_top >= 2 ? act_callee - 1 : NULL);

	/* XXX: check .caller writability? */

	/* Backup 'caller' property and update its value. */
	tv_caller = duk_hobject_find_existing_entry_tval_ptr(thr->heap, func, DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_CALLER(thr));
	if (tv_caller) {
		/* If caller is global/eval code, 'caller' should be set to
		 * 'null'.
		 *
		 * XXX: there is no exotic flag to infer this correctly now.
		 * The NEWENV flag is used now which works as intended for
		 * everything (global code, non-strict eval code, and functions)
		 * except strict eval code.  Bound functions are never an issue
		 * because 'func' has been resolved to a non-bound function.
		 */

		if (act_caller) {
			/* act_caller->func may be NULL in some finalization cases,
			 * just treat like we don't know the caller.
			 */
			if (act_caller->func && !DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_NEWENV(act_caller->func)) {
				/* Setting to NULL causes 'caller' to be set to
				 * 'null' as desired.
				 */
				act_caller = NULL;
			}
		}

		if (DUK_TVAL_IS_OBJECT(tv_caller)) {
			h_tmp = DUK_TVAL_GET_OBJECT(tv_caller);
			DUK_ASSERT(h_tmp != NULL);
			act_callee->prev_caller = h_tmp;

			/* Previous value doesn't need refcount changes because its ownership
			 * is transferred to prev_caller.
			 */

			if (act_caller) {
				DUK_ASSERT(act_caller->func != NULL);
				DUK_TVAL_SET_OBJECT(tv_caller, act_caller->func);
				DUK_TVAL_INCREF(thr, tv_caller);
			} else {
				DUK_TVAL_SET_NULL(tv_caller);  /* no incref */
			}
		} else {
			/* 'caller' must only take on 'null' or function value */
			DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_TVAL_IS_HEAP_ALLOCATED(tv_caller));
			DUK_ASSERT(act_callee->prev_caller == NULL);
			if (act_caller && act_caller->func) {
				/* Tolerate act_caller->func == NULL which happens in
				 * some finalization cases; treat like unknown caller.
				 */
				DUK_TVAL_SET_OBJECT(tv_caller, act_caller->func);
				DUK_TVAL_INCREF(thr, tv_caller);
			} else {
				DUK_TVAL_SET_NULL(tv_caller);  /* no incref */
			}
		}
	}
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_NONSTD_FUNC_CALLER_PROPERTY */

/*
 *  Determine the effective 'this' binding and coerce the current value
 *  on the valstack to the effective one (in-place, at idx_this).
 *
 *  The current this value in the valstack (at idx_this) represents either:
 *    - the caller's requested 'this' binding; or
 *    - a 'this' binding accumulated from the bound function chain
 *
 *  The final 'this' binding for the target function may still be
 *  different, and is determined as described in E5 Section 10.4.3.
 *
 *  For global and eval code (E5 Sections 10.4.1 and 10.4.2), we assume
 *  that the caller has provided the correct 'this' binding explicitly
 *  when calling, i.e.:
 *
 *    - global code: this=global object
 *    - direct eval: this=copy from eval() caller's this binding
 *    - other eval:  this=global object
 *
 *  Note: this function may cause a recursive function call with arbitrary
 *  side effects, because ToObject() may be called.
 */

DUK_LOCAL void duk__coerce_effective_this_binding(duk_hthread *thr,
                                                  duk_hobject *func,
                                                  duk_idx_t idx_this) {
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk_tval *tv_this;
	duk_hobject *obj_global;

	if (func == NULL || DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_STRICT(func)) {
		/* Lightfuncs are always considered strict. */
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("this binding: strict -> use directly"));
		return;
	}

	/* XXX: byte offset */
	tv_this = thr->valstack_bottom + idx_this;
	switch (DUK_TVAL_GET_TAG(tv_this)) {
	case DUK_TAG_OBJECT:
	case DUK_TAG_LIGHTFUNC:  /* lightfuncs are treated like objects and not coerced */
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("this binding: non-strict, object -> use directly"));
		break;
	case DUK_TAG_UNDEFINED:
	case DUK_TAG_NULL:
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("this binding: non-strict, undefined/null -> use global object"));
		obj_global = thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_GLOBAL];
		/* XXX: avoid this check somehow */
		if (DUK_LIKELY(obj_global != NULL)) {
			DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_TVAL_IS_HEAP_ALLOCATED(tv_this));  /* no need to decref previous value */
			DUK_TVAL_SET_OBJECT(tv_this, obj_global);
			DUK_HOBJECT_INCREF(thr, obj_global);
		} else {
			/* This may only happen if built-ins are being "torn down".
			 * This behavior is out of specification scope.
			 */
			DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("this binding: wanted to use global object, but it is NULL -> using undefined instead"));
			DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_TVAL_IS_HEAP_ALLOCATED(tv_this));  /* no need to decref previous value */
			DUK_TVAL_SET_UNDEFINED(tv_this);  /* nothing to incref */
		}
		break;
	default:
		DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_TVAL_IS_UNUSED(tv_this));
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("this binding: non-strict, not object/undefined/null -> use ToObject(value)"));
		duk_to_object(ctx, idx_this);  /* may have side effects */
		break;
	}
}

/*
 *  Shared helper for non-bound func lookup.
 *
 *  Returns duk_hobject * to the final non-bound function (NULL for lightfunc).
 */

DUK_LOCAL duk_hobject *duk__nonbound_func_lookup(duk_context *ctx,
                                                 duk_idx_t idx_func,
                                                 duk_idx_t *out_num_stack_args,
                                                 duk_tval **out_tv_func,
                                                 duk_small_uint_t call_flags) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_tval *tv_func;
	duk_hobject *func;

	for (;;) {
		/* Use loop to minimize code size of relookup after bound function case */
		tv_func = DUK_GET_TVAL_POSIDX(ctx, idx_func);
		DUK_ASSERT(tv_func != NULL);

		if (DUK_TVAL_IS_OBJECT(tv_func)) {
			func = DUK_TVAL_GET_OBJECT(tv_func);
			if (!DUK_HOBJECT_IS_CALLABLE(func)) {
				goto not_callable_error;
			}
			if (DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_BOUND(func)) {
				duk__handle_bound_chain_for_call(thr, idx_func, out_num_stack_args, call_flags & DUK_CALL_FLAG_CONSTRUCTOR_CALL);

				/* The final object may be a normal function or a lightfunc.
				 * We need to re-lookup tv_func because it may have changed
				 * (also value stack may have been resized).  Loop again to
				 * do that; we're guaranteed not to come here again.
				 */
				DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_OBJECT(duk_require_tval(ctx, idx_func)) ||
				           DUK_TVAL_IS_LIGHTFUNC(duk_require_tval(ctx, idx_func)));
				continue;
			}
		} else if (DUK_TVAL_IS_LIGHTFUNC(tv_func)) {
			func = NULL;
		} else {
			goto not_callable_error;
		}
		break;
	}

	DUK_ASSERT((DUK_TVAL_IS_OBJECT(tv_func) && DUK_HOBJECT_IS_CALLABLE(DUK_TVAL_GET_OBJECT(tv_func))) ||
	           DUK_TVAL_IS_LIGHTFUNC(tv_func));
	DUK_ASSERT(func == NULL || !DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_BOUND(func));
	DUK_ASSERT(func == NULL || (DUK_HOBJECT_IS_COMPILEDFUNCTION(func) ||
	                            DUK_HOBJECT_IS_NATIVEFUNCTION(func)));

	*out_tv_func = tv_func;
	return func;

 not_callable_error:
	DUK_ASSERT(tv_func != NULL);
#if defined(DUK_USE_PARANOID_ERRORS)
	DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, DUK_STR_NOT_CALLABLE);
#else
	DUK_ERROR_FMT1(thr, DUK_ERR_TYPE_ERROR, "%s not callable", duk_push_string_tval_readable(ctx, tv_func));
#endif
	DUK_UNREACHABLE();
	return NULL;  /* never executed */
}

/*
 *  Value stack resize and stack top adjustment helper.
 *
 *  XXX: This should all be merged to duk_valstack_resize_raw().
 */

DUK_LOCAL void duk__adjust_valstack_and_top(duk_hthread *thr,
                                            duk_idx_t num_stack_args,
                                            duk_idx_t idx_args,
                                            duk_idx_t nregs,
                                            duk_idx_t nargs,
                                            duk_hobject *func) {
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk_size_t vs_min_size;
	duk_bool_t adjusted_top = 0;

	vs_min_size = (thr->valstack_bottom - thr->valstack) +  /* bottom of current func */
	              idx_args;                                 /* bottom of new func */

	if (nregs >= 0) {
		DUK_ASSERT(nargs >= 0);
		DUK_ASSERT(nregs >= nargs);
		vs_min_size += nregs;
	} else {
		/* 'func' wants stack "as is" */
		vs_min_size += num_stack_args;  /* num entries of new func at entry */
	}
	if (func == NULL || DUK_HOBJECT_IS_NATIVEFUNCTION(func)) {
		vs_min_size += DUK_VALSTACK_API_ENTRY_MINIMUM;  /* Duktape/C API guaranteed entries (on top of args) */
	}
	vs_min_size += DUK_VALSTACK_INTERNAL_EXTRA;             /* + spare */

	/* XXX: We can't resize the value stack to a size smaller than the
	 * current top, so the order of the resize and adjusting the stack
	 * top depends on the current vs. final size of the value stack.
	 * The operations could be combined to avoid this, but the proper
	 * fix is to only grow the value stack on a function call, and only
	 * shrink it (without throwing if the shrink fails) on function
	 * return.
	 */

	if (vs_min_size < (duk_size_t) (thr->valstack_top  - thr->valstack)) {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT(("final size smaller, set top before resize")));

		DUK_ASSERT(nregs >= 0);  /* can't happen when keeping current stack size */
		duk_set_top(ctx, idx_args + nargs);  /* clamp anything above nargs */
		duk_set_top(ctx, idx_args + nregs);  /* extend with undefined */
		adjusted_top = 1;
	}

	(void) duk_valstack_resize_raw((duk_context *) thr,
	                               vs_min_size,
	                               DUK_VSRESIZE_FLAG_SHRINK |      /* flags */
	                               0 /* no compact */ |
	                               DUK_VSRESIZE_FLAG_THROW);

	if (!adjusted_top) {
		if (nregs >= 0) {
			DUK_ASSERT(nregs >= nargs);
			duk_set_top(ctx, idx_args + nargs);  /* clamp anything above nargs */
			duk_set_top(ctx, idx_args + nregs);  /* extend with undefined */
		}
	}
}

/*
 *  Manipulate value stack so that exactly 'num_stack_rets' return
 *  values are at 'idx_retbase' in every case, assuming there are
 *  'rc' return values on top of stack.
 *
 *  This is a bit tricky, because the called C function operates in
 *  the same activation record and may have e.g. popped the stack
 *  empty (below idx_retbase).
 */

DUK_LOCAL void duk__safe_call_adjust_valstack(duk_hthread *thr, duk_idx_t idx_retbase, duk_idx_t num_stack_rets, duk_idx_t num_actual_rets) {
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk_idx_t idx_rcbase;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(idx_retbase >= 0);
	DUK_ASSERT(num_stack_rets >= 0);
	DUK_ASSERT(num_actual_rets >= 0);

	idx_rcbase = duk_get_top(ctx) - num_actual_rets;  /* base of known return values */

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("adjust valstack after func call: "
	                     "num_stack_rets=%ld, num_actual_rets=%ld, stack_top=%ld, idx_retbase=%ld, idx_rcbase=%ld",
	                     (long) num_stack_rets, (long) num_actual_rets, (long) duk_get_top(ctx),
	                     (long) idx_retbase, (long) idx_rcbase));

	DUK_ASSERT(idx_rcbase >= 0);  /* caller must check */

	/* Ensure space for final configuration (idx_retbase + num_stack_rets)
	 * and intermediate configurations.
	 */
	duk_require_stack_top(ctx,
	                      (idx_rcbase > idx_retbase ? idx_rcbase : idx_retbase) +
	                      num_stack_rets);

	/* Chop extra retvals away / extend with undefined. */
	duk_set_top(ctx, idx_rcbase + num_stack_rets);

	if (idx_rcbase >= idx_retbase) {
		duk_idx_t count = idx_rcbase - idx_retbase;
		duk_idx_t i;

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("elements at/after idx_retbase have enough to cover func retvals "
		                     "(idx_retbase=%ld, idx_rcbase=%ld)", (long) idx_retbase, (long) idx_rcbase));

		/* nuke values at idx_retbase to get the first retval (initially
		 * at idx_rcbase) to idx_retbase
		 */

		DUK_ASSERT(count >= 0);

		for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
			/* XXX: inefficient; block remove primitive */
			duk_remove(ctx, idx_retbase);
		}
	} else {
		duk_idx_t count = idx_retbase - idx_rcbase;
		duk_idx_t i;

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("not enough elements at/after idx_retbase to cover func retvals "
		                     "(idx_retbase=%ld, idx_rcbase=%ld)", (long) idx_retbase, (long) idx_rcbase));

		/* insert 'undefined' values at idx_rcbase to get the
		 * return values to idx_retbase
		 */

		DUK_ASSERT(count > 0);

		for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
			/* XXX: inefficient; block insert primitive */
			duk_push_undefined(ctx);
			duk_insert(ctx, idx_rcbase);
		}
	}
}

/*
 *  Misc shared helpers.
 */

/* Get valstack index for the func argument or throw if insane stack. */
DUK_LOCAL duk_idx_t duk__get_idx_func(duk_hthread *thr, duk_idx_t num_stack_args) {
	duk_size_t off_stack_top;
	duk_size_t off_stack_args;
	duk_size_t off_stack_all;
	duk_idx_t idx_func;         /* valstack index of 'func' and retval (relative to entry valstack_bottom) */

	/* Argument validation and func/args offset. */
	off_stack_top = (duk_size_t) ((duk_uint8_t *) thr->valstack_top - (duk_uint8_t *) thr->valstack_bottom);
	off_stack_args = (duk_size_t) ((duk_size_t) num_stack_args * sizeof(duk_tval));
	off_stack_all = off_stack_args + 2 * sizeof(duk_tval);
	if (DUK_UNLIKELY(off_stack_all > off_stack_top)) {
		/* Since stack indices are not reliable, we can't do anything useful
		 * here.  Invoke the existing setjmp catcher, or if it doesn't exist,
		 * call the fatal error handler.
		 */
		DUK_ERROR_API(thr, DUK_STR_INVALID_CALL_ARGS);
		return 0;
	}
	idx_func = (duk_idx_t) ((off_stack_top - off_stack_all) / sizeof(duk_tval));
	return idx_func;
}

/*
 *  duk_handle_call_protected() and duk_handle_call_unprotected():
 *  call into a Duktape/C or an Ecmascript function from any state.
 *
 *  Input stack (thr):
 *
 *    [ func this arg1 ... argN ]
 *
 *  Output stack (thr):
 *
 *    [ retval ]         (DUK_EXEC_SUCCESS)
 *    [ errobj ]         (DUK_EXEC_ERROR (normal error), protected call)
 *
 *  Even when executing a protected call an error may be thrown in rare cases
 *  such as an insane num_stack_args argument.  If there is no catchpoint for
 *  such errors, the fatal error handler is called.
 *
 *  The error handling path should be error free, even for out-of-memory
 *  errors, to ensure safe sandboxing.  (As of Duktape 1.4.0 this is not
 *  yet the case, see XXX notes below.)
 */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_int_t duk_handle_call_protected(duk_hthread *thr,
                                                 duk_idx_t num_stack_args,
                                                 duk_small_uint_t call_flags) {
	duk_context *ctx;
	duk_size_t entry_valstack_bottom_index;
	duk_size_t entry_valstack_end;
	duk_size_t entry_callstack_top;
	duk_size_t entry_catchstack_top;
	duk_int_t entry_call_recursion_depth;
	duk_hthread *entry_curr_thread;
	duk_uint_fast8_t entry_thread_state;
	duk_instr_t **entry_ptr_curr_pc;
	duk_jmpbuf *old_jmpbuf_ptr = NULL;
	duk_jmpbuf our_jmpbuf;
	duk_idx_t idx_func;  /* valstack index of 'func' and retval (relative to entry valstack_bottom) */

	/* XXX: Multiple tv_func lookups are now avoided by making a local
	 * copy of tv_func.  Another approach would be to compute an offset
	 * for tv_func from valstack bottom and recomputing the tv_func
	 * pointer quickly as valstack + offset instead of calling duk_get_tval().
	 */

	ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	DUK_UNREF(ctx);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	DUK_ASSERT(num_stack_args >= 0);
	/* XXX: currently NULL allocations are not supported; remove if later allowed */
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->valstack != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->callstack != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->catchstack != NULL);

	/* Argument validation and func/args offset. */
	idx_func = duk__get_idx_func(thr, num_stack_args);

	/* Preliminaries, required by setjmp() handler.  Must be careful not
	 * to throw an unintended error here.
	 */

	entry_valstack_bottom_index = (duk_size_t) (thr->valstack_bottom - thr->valstack);
#if defined(DUK_USE_PREFER_SIZE)
	entry_valstack_end = (duk_size_t) (thr->valstack_end - thr->valstack);
#else
	DUK_ASSERT((duk_size_t) (thr->valstack_end - thr->valstack) == thr->valstack_size);
	entry_valstack_end = thr->valstack_size;
#endif
	entry_callstack_top = thr->callstack_top;
	entry_catchstack_top = thr->catchstack_top;
	entry_call_recursion_depth = thr->heap->call_recursion_depth;
	entry_curr_thread = thr->heap->curr_thread;  /* Note: may be NULL if first call */
	entry_thread_state = thr->state;
	entry_ptr_curr_pc = thr->ptr_curr_pc;  /* may be NULL */

	DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("duk_handle_call_protected: thr=%p, num_stack_args=%ld, "
	                   "call_flags=0x%08lx (ignorerec=%ld, constructor=%ld), "
	                   "valstack_top=%ld, idx_func=%ld, idx_args=%ld, rec_depth=%ld/%ld, "
	                   "entry_valstack_bottom_index=%ld, entry_callstack_top=%ld, entry_catchstack_top=%ld, "
	                   "entry_call_recursion_depth=%ld, entry_curr_thread=%p, entry_thread_state=%ld",
	                   (void *) thr,
	                   (long) num_stack_args,
	                   (unsigned long) call_flags,
	                   (long) ((call_flags & DUK_CALL_FLAG_IGNORE_RECLIMIT) != 0 ? 1 : 0),
	                   (long) ((call_flags & DUK_CALL_FLAG_CONSTRUCTOR_CALL) != 0 ? 1 : 0),
	                   (long) duk_get_top(ctx),
	                   (long) idx_func,
	                   (long) (idx_func + 2),
	                   (long) thr->heap->call_recursion_depth,
	                   (long) thr->heap->call_recursion_limit,
	                   (long) entry_valstack_bottom_index,
	                   (long) entry_callstack_top,
	                   (long) entry_catchstack_top,
	                   (long) entry_call_recursion_depth,
	                   (void *) entry_curr_thread,
	                   (long) entry_thread_state));

	old_jmpbuf_ptr = thr->heap->lj.jmpbuf_ptr;
	thr->heap->lj.jmpbuf_ptr = &our_jmpbuf;

#if defined(DUK_USE_CPP_EXCEPTIONS)
	try {
#else
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->heap->lj.jmpbuf_ptr == &our_jmpbuf);
	if (DUK_SETJMP(our_jmpbuf.jb) == 0) {
#endif
		/* Call handling and success path.  Success path exit cleans
		 * up almost all state.
		 */
		duk__handle_call_inner(thr, num_stack_args, call_flags, idx_func);

		/* Success path handles */
		DUK_ASSERT(thr->heap->call_recursion_depth == entry_call_recursion_depth);
		DUK_ASSERT(thr->ptr_curr_pc == entry_ptr_curr_pc);

		/* Longjmp state is kept clean in success path */
		DUK_ASSERT(thr->heap->lj.type == DUK_LJ_TYPE_UNKNOWN);
		DUK_ASSERT(thr->heap->lj.iserror == 0);
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_UNDEFINED(&thr->heap->lj.value1));
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_UNDEFINED(&thr->heap->lj.value2));

		thr->heap->lj.jmpbuf_ptr = old_jmpbuf_ptr;

		return DUK_EXEC_SUCCESS;
#if defined(DUK_USE_CPP_EXCEPTIONS)
	} catch (duk_internal_exception &exc) {
#else
	} else {
#endif
		/* Error; error value is in heap->lj.value1. */

#if defined(DUK_USE_CPP_EXCEPTIONS)
		DUK_UNREF(exc);
#endif

		duk__handle_call_error(thr,
		                       entry_valstack_bottom_index,
		                       entry_valstack_end,
		                       entry_catchstack_top,
		                       entry_callstack_top,
		                       entry_call_recursion_depth,
		                       entry_curr_thread,
		                       entry_thread_state,
		                       entry_ptr_curr_pc,
		                       idx_func,
		                       old_jmpbuf_ptr);

		/* Longjmp state is cleaned up by error handling */
		DUK_ASSERT(thr->heap->lj.type == DUK_LJ_TYPE_UNKNOWN);
		DUK_ASSERT(thr->heap->lj.iserror == 0);
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_UNDEFINED(&thr->heap->lj.value1));
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_UNDEFINED(&thr->heap->lj.value2));
		return DUK_EXEC_ERROR;
	}
#if defined(DUK_USE_CPP_EXCEPTIONS)
	catch (std::exception &exc) {
		const char *what = exc.what();
		if (!what) {
			what = "unknown";
		}
		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("unexpected c++ std::exception (perhaps thrown by user code)"));
		try {
			DUK_ERROR_FMT1(thr, DUK_ERR_API_ERROR, "caught invalid c++ std::exception '%s' (perhaps thrown by user code)", what);
		} catch (duk_internal_exception exc) {
			DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("caught api error thrown from unexpected c++ std::exception"));
			DUK_UNREF(exc);
			duk__handle_call_error(thr,
			                       entry_valstack_bottom_index,
			                       entry_valstack_end,
			                       entry_catchstack_top,
			                       entry_callstack_top,
			                       entry_call_recursion_depth,
			                       entry_curr_thread,
			                       entry_thread_state,
			                       entry_ptr_curr_pc,
			                       idx_func,
			                       old_jmpbuf_ptr);
			return DUK_EXEC_ERROR;
		}
	} catch (...) {
		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("unexpected c++ exception (perhaps thrown by user code)"));
		try {
			DUK_ERROR_API(thr, "caught invalid c++ exception (perhaps thrown by user code)");
		} catch (duk_internal_exception exc) {
			DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("caught api error thrown from unexpected c++ exception"));
			DUK_UNREF(exc);
			duk__handle_call_error(thr,
			                       entry_valstack_bottom_index,
			                       entry_valstack_end,
			                       entry_catchstack_top,
			                       entry_callstack_top,
			                       entry_call_recursion_depth,
			                       entry_curr_thread,
			                       entry_thread_state,
			                       entry_ptr_curr_pc,
			                       idx_func,
			                       old_jmpbuf_ptr);
			return DUK_EXEC_ERROR;
		}
	}
#endif
}

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_handle_call_unprotected(duk_hthread *thr,
                                              duk_idx_t num_stack_args,
                                              duk_small_uint_t call_flags) {
	duk_idx_t idx_func;         /* valstack index of 'func' and retval (relative to entry valstack_bottom) */

	/* Argument validation and func/args offset. */
	idx_func = duk__get_idx_func(thr, num_stack_args);

	duk__handle_call_inner(thr, num_stack_args, call_flags, idx_func);
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__handle_call_inner(duk_hthread *thr,
                                      duk_idx_t num_stack_args,
                                      duk_small_uint_t call_flags,
                                      duk_idx_t idx_func) {
	duk_context *ctx;
	duk_size_t entry_valstack_bottom_index;
	duk_size_t entry_valstack_end;
	duk_size_t entry_callstack_top;
	duk_size_t entry_catchstack_top;
	duk_int_t entry_call_recursion_depth;
	duk_hthread *entry_curr_thread;
	duk_uint_fast8_t entry_thread_state;
	duk_instr_t **entry_ptr_curr_pc;
	duk_idx_t nargs;            /* # argument registers target function wants (< 0 => "as is") */
	duk_idx_t nregs;            /* # total registers target function wants on entry (< 0 => "as is") */
	duk_hobject *func;          /* 'func' on stack (borrowed reference) */
	duk_tval *tv_func;          /* duk_tval ptr for 'func' on stack (borrowed reference) or tv_func_copy */
	duk_tval tv_func_copy;      /* to avoid relookups */
	duk_activation *act;
	duk_hobject *env;
	duk_ret_t rc;

	ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	DUK_ASSERT(ctx != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(num_stack_args >= 0);
	/* XXX: currently NULL allocations are not supported; remove if later allowed */
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->valstack != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->callstack != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->catchstack != NULL);

	DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("duk__handle_call_inner: num_stack_args=%ld, call_flags=0x%08lx, top=%ld",
	                   (long) num_stack_args, (long) call_flags, (long) duk_get_top(ctx)));

	/*
	 *  Store entry state.
	 */

	entry_valstack_bottom_index = (duk_size_t) (thr->valstack_bottom - thr->valstack);
#if defined(DUK_USE_PREFER_SIZE)
	entry_valstack_end = (duk_size_t) (thr->valstack_end - thr->valstack);
#else
	DUK_ASSERT((duk_size_t) (thr->valstack_end - thr->valstack) == thr->valstack_size);
	entry_valstack_end = thr->valstack_size;
#endif
	entry_callstack_top = thr->callstack_top;
	entry_catchstack_top = thr->catchstack_top;
	entry_call_recursion_depth = thr->heap->call_recursion_depth;
	entry_curr_thread = thr->heap->curr_thread;  /* Note: may be NULL if first call */
	entry_thread_state = thr->state;
	entry_ptr_curr_pc = thr->ptr_curr_pc;  /* may be NULL */

	/* If thr->ptr_curr_pc is set, sync curr_pc to act->pc.  Then NULL
	 * thr->ptr_curr_pc so that it's not accidentally used with an incorrect
	 * activation when side effects occur.
	 */
	duk_hthread_sync_and_null_currpc(thr);

	DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("duk__handle_call_inner: thr=%p, num_stack_args=%ld, "
	                   "call_flags=0x%08lx (ignorerec=%ld, constructor=%ld), "
	                   "valstack_top=%ld, idx_func=%ld, idx_args=%ld, rec_depth=%ld/%ld, "
	                   "entry_valstack_bottom_index=%ld, entry_callstack_top=%ld, entry_catchstack_top=%ld, "
	                   "entry_call_recursion_depth=%ld, entry_curr_thread=%p, entry_thread_state=%ld",
	                   (void *) thr,
	                   (long) num_stack_args,
	                   (unsigned long) call_flags,
	                   (long) ((call_flags & DUK_CALL_FLAG_IGNORE_RECLIMIT) != 0 ? 1 : 0),
	                   (long) ((call_flags & DUK_CALL_FLAG_CONSTRUCTOR_CALL) != 0 ? 1 : 0),
	                   (long) duk_get_top(ctx),
	                   (long) idx_func,
	                   (long) (idx_func + 2),
	                   (long) thr->heap->call_recursion_depth,
	                   (long) thr->heap->call_recursion_limit,
	                   (long) entry_valstack_bottom_index,
	                   (long) entry_callstack_top,
	                   (long) entry_catchstack_top,
	                   (long) entry_call_recursion_depth,
	                   (void *) entry_curr_thread,
	                   (long) entry_thread_state));


	/*
	 *  Thread state check and book-keeping.
	 */

	if (thr == thr->heap->curr_thread) {
		/* same thread */
		if (thr->state != DUK_HTHREAD_STATE_RUNNING) {
			/* should actually never happen, but check anyway */
			goto thread_state_error;
		}
	} else {
		/* different thread */
		DUK_ASSERT(thr->heap->curr_thread == NULL ||
		           thr->heap->curr_thread->state == DUK_HTHREAD_STATE_RUNNING);
		if (thr->state != DUK_HTHREAD_STATE_INACTIVE) {
			goto thread_state_error;
		}
		DUK_HEAP_SWITCH_THREAD(thr->heap, thr);
		thr->state = DUK_HTHREAD_STATE_RUNNING;

		/* Note: multiple threads may be simultaneously in the RUNNING
		 * state, but not in the same "resume chain".
		 */
	}
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->heap->curr_thread == thr);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->state == DUK_HTHREAD_STATE_RUNNING);

	/*
	 *  C call recursion depth check, which provides a reasonable upper
	 *  bound on maximum C stack size (arbitrary C stack growth is only
	 *  possible by recursive handle_call / handle_safe_call calls).
	 */

	/* XXX: remove DUK_CALL_FLAG_IGNORE_RECLIMIT flag: there's now the
	 * reclimit bump?
	 */

	DUK_ASSERT(thr->heap->call_recursion_depth >= 0);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->heap->call_recursion_depth <= thr->heap->call_recursion_limit);
	if (call_flags & DUK_CALL_FLAG_IGNORE_RECLIMIT) {
		DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("ignoring reclimit for this call (probably an errhandler call)"));
	} else {
		if (thr->heap->call_recursion_depth >= thr->heap->call_recursion_limit) {
			/* XXX: error message is a bit misleading: we reached a recursion
			 * limit which is also essentially the same as a C callstack limit
			 * (except perhaps with some relaxed threading assumptions).
			 */
			DUK_ERROR_RANGE(thr, DUK_STR_C_CALLSTACK_LIMIT);
		}
		thr->heap->call_recursion_depth++;
	}

	/*
	 *  Check the function type, handle bound function chains, and prepare
	 *  parameters for the rest of the call handling.  Also figure out the
	 *  effective 'this' binding, which replaces the current value at
	 *  idx_func + 1.
	 *
	 *  If the target function is a 'bound' one, follow the chain of 'bound'
	 *  functions until a non-bound function is found.  During this process,
	 *  bound arguments are 'prepended' to existing ones, and the "this"
	 *  binding is overridden.  See E5 Section 15.3.4.5.1.
	 *
	 *  Lightfunc detection happens here too.  Note that lightweight functions
	 *  can be wrapped by (non-lightweight) bound functions so we must resolve
	 *  the bound function chain first.
	 */

	func = duk__nonbound_func_lookup(ctx, idx_func, &num_stack_args, &tv_func, call_flags);
	DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL(&tv_func_copy, tv_func);
	tv_func = &tv_func_copy;  /* local copy to avoid relookups */

	DUK_ASSERT(func == NULL || !DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_BOUND(func));
	DUK_ASSERT(func == NULL || (DUK_HOBJECT_IS_COMPILEDFUNCTION(func) ||
	                            DUK_HOBJECT_IS_NATIVEFUNCTION(func)));

	duk__coerce_effective_this_binding(thr, func, idx_func + 1);
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("effective 'this' binding is: %!T",
	                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, idx_func + 1)));

	/* [ ... func this arg1 ... argN ] */

	/*
	 *  Setup a preliminary activation and figure out nargs/nregs.
	 *
	 *  Don't touch valstack_bottom or valstack_top yet so that Duktape API
	 *  calls work normally.
	 */

	duk_hthread_callstack_grow(thr);

	if (thr->callstack_top > 0) {
		/*
		 *  Update idx_retval of current activation.
		 *
		 *  Although it might seem this is not necessary (bytecode executor
		 *  does this for Ecmascript-to-Ecmascript calls; other calls are
		 *  handled here), this turns out to be necessary for handling yield
		 *  and resume.  For them, an Ecmascript-to-native call happens, and
		 *  the Ecmascript call's idx_retval must be set for things to work.
		 */

		(thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top - 1)->idx_retval = entry_valstack_bottom_index + idx_func;
	}

	DUK_ASSERT(thr->callstack_top < thr->callstack_size);
	act = thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top;
	thr->callstack_top++;
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->callstack_top <= thr->callstack_size);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->valstack_top > thr->valstack_bottom);  /* at least effective 'this' */
	DUK_ASSERT(func == NULL || !DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_BOUND(func));

	act->flags = 0;

	/* For now all calls except Ecma-to-Ecma calls prevent a yield. */
	act->flags |= DUK_ACT_FLAG_PREVENT_YIELD;
	if (call_flags & DUK_CALL_FLAG_CONSTRUCTOR_CALL) {
		act->flags |= DUK_ACT_FLAG_CONSTRUCT;
	}
	if (call_flags & DUK_CALL_FLAG_DIRECT_EVAL) {
		act->flags |= DUK_ACT_FLAG_DIRECT_EVAL;
	}

	/* These base values are never used, but if the compiler doesn't know
	 * that DUK_ERROR() won't return, these are needed to silence warnings.
	 * On the other hand, scan-build will warn about the values not being
	 * used, so add a DUK_UNREF.
	 */
	nargs = 0; DUK_UNREF(nargs);
	nregs = 0; DUK_UNREF(nregs);

	if (DUK_LIKELY(func != NULL)) {
		if (DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_STRICT(func)) {
			act->flags |= DUK_ACT_FLAG_STRICT;
		}
		if (DUK_HOBJECT_IS_COMPILEDFUNCTION(func)) {
			nargs = ((duk_hcompiledfunction *) func)->nargs;
			nregs = ((duk_hcompiledfunction *) func)->nregs;
			DUK_ASSERT(nregs >= nargs);
		} else if (DUK_HOBJECT_IS_NATIVEFUNCTION(func)) {
			/* Note: nargs (and nregs) may be negative for a native,
			 * function, which indicates that the function wants the
			 * input stack "as is" (i.e. handles "vararg" arguments).
			 */
			nargs = ((duk_hnativefunction *) func)->nargs;
			nregs = nargs;
		} else {
			/* XXX: this should be an assert */
			DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, DUK_STR_NOT_CALLABLE);
		}
	} else {
		duk_small_uint_t lf_flags;

		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_LIGHTFUNC(tv_func));
		lf_flags = DUK_TVAL_GET_LIGHTFUNC_FLAGS(tv_func);
		nargs = DUK_LFUNC_FLAGS_GET_NARGS(lf_flags);
		if (nargs == DUK_LFUNC_NARGS_VARARGS) {
			nargs = -1;  /* vararg */
		}
		nregs = nargs;

		act->flags |= DUK_ACT_FLAG_STRICT;
	}

	act->func = func;  /* NULL for lightfunc */
	act->var_env = NULL;
	act->lex_env = NULL;
#if defined(DUK_USE_NONSTD_FUNC_CALLER_PROPERTY)
	act->prev_caller = NULL;
#endif
	act->curr_pc = NULL;
#if defined(DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_SUPPORT)
	act->prev_line = 0;
#endif
	act->idx_bottom = entry_valstack_bottom_index + idx_func + 2;
#if 0  /* topmost activation idx_retval is considered garbage, no need to init */
	act->idx_retval = 0;
#endif
	DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL(&act->tv_func, tv_func);  /* borrowed, no refcount */

	/* XXX: remove the preventcount and make yield walk the callstack?
	 * Or perhaps just use a single flag, not a counter, faster to just
	 * set and restore?
	 */
	if (act->flags & DUK_ACT_FLAG_PREVENT_YIELD) {
		/* duk_hthread_callstack_unwind() will decrease this on unwind */
		thr->callstack_preventcount++;
	}

	/* XXX: Is this INCREF necessary? 'func' is always a borrowed
	 * reference reachable through the value stack?  If changed, stack
	 * unwind code also needs to be fixed to match.
	 */
	DUK_HOBJECT_INCREF_ALLOWNULL(thr, func);  /* act->func */

#if defined(DUK_USE_NONSTD_FUNC_CALLER_PROPERTY)
	if (func) {
		duk__update_func_caller_prop(thr, func);
	}
	act = thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top - 1;
#endif

	/* [ ... func this arg1 ... argN ] */

	/*
	 *  Environment record creation and 'arguments' object creation.
	 *  Named function expression name binding is handled by the
	 *  compiler; the compiled function's parent env will contain
	 *  the (immutable) binding already.
	 *
	 *  This handling is now identical for C and Ecmascript functions.
	 *  C functions always have the 'NEWENV' flag set, so their
	 *  environment record initialization is delayed (which is good).
	 *
	 *  Delayed creation (on demand) is handled in duk_js_var.c.
	 */

	DUK_ASSERT(func == NULL || !DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_BOUND(func));  /* bound function chain has already been resolved */

	if (DUK_LIKELY(func != NULL)) {
		if (DUK_LIKELY(DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_NEWENV(func))) {
			if (DUK_LIKELY(!DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_CREATEARGS(func))) {
				/* Use a new environment but there's no 'arguments' object;
				 * delayed environment initialization.  This is the most
				 * common case.
				 */
				DUK_ASSERT(act->lex_env == NULL);
				DUK_ASSERT(act->var_env == NULL);
			} else {
				/* Use a new environment and there's an 'arguments' object.
				 * We need to initialize it right now.
				 */

				/* third arg: absolute index (to entire valstack) of idx_bottom of new activation */
				env = duk_create_activation_environment_record(thr, func, act->idx_bottom);
				DUK_ASSERT(env != NULL);

				/* [ ... func this arg1 ... argN envobj ] */

				DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_CREATEARGS(func));
				duk__handle_createargs_for_call(thr, func, env, num_stack_args);

				/* [ ... func this arg1 ... argN envobj ] */

				act = thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top - 1;
				act->lex_env = env;
				act->var_env = env;
				DUK_HOBJECT_INCREF(thr, env);
				DUK_HOBJECT_INCREF(thr, env);  /* XXX: incref by count (2) directly */
				duk_pop(ctx);
			}
		} else {
			/* Use existing env (e.g. for non-strict eval); cannot have
			 * an own 'arguments' object (but can refer to an existing one).
			 */

			DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_CREATEARGS(func));

			duk__handle_oldenv_for_call(thr, func, act);

			DUK_ASSERT(act->lex_env != NULL);
			DUK_ASSERT(act->var_env != NULL);
		}
	} else {
		/* Lightfuncs are always native functions and have "newenv". */
		DUK_ASSERT(act->lex_env == NULL);
		DUK_ASSERT(act->var_env == NULL);
	}

	/* [ ... func this arg1 ... argN ] */

	/*
	 *  Setup value stack: clamp to 'nargs', fill up to 'nregs'
	 *
	 *  Value stack may either grow or shrink, depending on the
	 *  number of func registers and the number of actual arguments.
	 *  If nregs >= 0, func wants args clamped to 'nargs'; else it
	 *  wants all args (= 'num_stack_args').
	 */

	/* XXX: optimize value stack operation */
	/* XXX: don't want to shrink allocation here */

	duk__adjust_valstack_and_top(thr,
	                             num_stack_args,
	                             idx_func + 2,
	                             nregs,
	                             nargs,
	                             func);

	/*
	 *  Determine call type, then finalize activation, shift to
	 *  new value stack bottom, and call the target.
	 */

	if (func != NULL && DUK_HOBJECT_IS_COMPILEDFUNCTION(func)) {
		/*
		 *  Ecmascript call
		 */

		duk_tval *tv_ret;
		duk_tval *tv_funret;

		DUK_ASSERT(func != NULL);
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_COMPILEDFUNCTION(func));
		act->curr_pc = DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_CODE_BASE(thr->heap, (duk_hcompiledfunction *) func);

		thr->valstack_bottom = thr->valstack_bottom + idx_func + 2;
		/* keep current valstack_top */
		DUK_ASSERT(thr->valstack_bottom >= thr->valstack);
		DUK_ASSERT(thr->valstack_top >= thr->valstack_bottom);
		DUK_ASSERT(thr->valstack_end >= thr->valstack_top);

		/* [ ... func this | arg1 ... argN ] ('this' must precede new bottom) */

		/*
		 *  Bytecode executor call.
		 *
		 *  Execute bytecode, handling any recursive function calls and
		 *  thread resumptions.  Returns when execution would return from
		 *  the entry level activation.  When the executor returns, a
		 *  single return value is left on the stack top.
		 *
		 *  The only possible longjmp() is an error (DUK_LJ_TYPE_THROW),
		 *  other types are handled internally by the executor.
		 */

		/* thr->ptr_curr_pc is set by bytecode executor early on entry */
		DUK_ASSERT(thr->ptr_curr_pc == NULL);
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("entering bytecode execution"));
		duk_js_execute_bytecode(thr);
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("returned from bytecode execution"));

		/* Unwind. */

		DUK_ASSERT(thr->catchstack_top >= entry_catchstack_top);  /* may need unwind */
		DUK_ASSERT(thr->callstack_top == entry_callstack_top + 1);
		DUK_ASSERT(thr->callstack_top == entry_callstack_top + 1);
		duk_hthread_catchstack_unwind(thr, entry_catchstack_top);
		duk_hthread_catchstack_shrink_check(thr);
		duk_hthread_callstack_unwind(thr, entry_callstack_top);
		duk_hthread_callstack_shrink_check(thr);

		thr->valstack_bottom = thr->valstack + entry_valstack_bottom_index;
		/* keep current valstack_top */
		DUK_ASSERT(thr->valstack_bottom >= thr->valstack);
		DUK_ASSERT(thr->valstack_top >= thr->valstack_bottom);
		DUK_ASSERT(thr->valstack_end >= thr->valstack_top);
		DUK_ASSERT(thr->valstack_top - thr->valstack_bottom >= idx_func + 1);

		/* Return value handling. */

		/* [ ... func this (crud) retval ] */

		tv_ret = thr->valstack_bottom + idx_func;
		tv_funret = thr->valstack_top - 1;
#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
		/* Explicit check for fastint downgrade. */
		DUK_TVAL_CHKFAST_INPLACE(tv_funret);
#endif
		DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL_UPDREF(thr, tv_ret, tv_funret);  /* side effects */
	} else {
		/*
		 *  Native call.
		 */

		duk_tval *tv_ret;
		duk_tval *tv_funret;

		thr->valstack_bottom = thr->valstack_bottom + idx_func + 2;
		/* keep current valstack_top */
		DUK_ASSERT(thr->valstack_bottom >= thr->valstack);
		DUK_ASSERT(thr->valstack_top >= thr->valstack_bottom);
		DUK_ASSERT(thr->valstack_end >= thr->valstack_top);
		DUK_ASSERT(func == NULL || ((duk_hnativefunction *) func)->func != NULL);

		/* [ ... func this | arg1 ... argN ] ('this' must precede new bottom) */

		/* For native calls must be NULL so we don't sync back */
		DUK_ASSERT(thr->ptr_curr_pc == NULL);

		if (func) {
			rc = ((duk_hnativefunction *) func)->func((duk_context *) thr);
		} else {
			duk_c_function funcptr = DUK_TVAL_GET_LIGHTFUNC_FUNCPTR(tv_func);
			rc = funcptr((duk_context *) thr);
		}

		/* Automatic error throwing, retval check. */

		if (rc < 0) {
			duk_error_throw_from_negative_rc(thr, rc);
			DUK_UNREACHABLE();
		} else if (rc > 1) {
			DUK_ERROR_API(thr, "c function returned invalid rc");
		}
		DUK_ASSERT(rc == 0 || rc == 1);

		/* Unwind. */

		DUK_ASSERT(thr->catchstack_top == entry_catchstack_top);  /* no need to unwind */
		DUK_ASSERT(thr->callstack_top == entry_callstack_top + 1);
		duk_hthread_callstack_unwind(thr, entry_callstack_top);
		duk_hthread_callstack_shrink_check(thr);

		thr->valstack_bottom = thr->valstack + entry_valstack_bottom_index;
		/* keep current valstack_top */
		DUK_ASSERT(thr->valstack_bottom >= thr->valstack);
		DUK_ASSERT(thr->valstack_top >= thr->valstack_bottom);
		DUK_ASSERT(thr->valstack_end >= thr->valstack_top);
		DUK_ASSERT(thr->valstack_top - thr->valstack_bottom >= idx_func + 1);

		/* Return value handling. */

		/* XXX: should this happen in the callee's activation or after unwinding? */
		tv_ret = thr->valstack_bottom + idx_func;
		if (rc == 0) {
			DUK_TVAL_SET_UNDEFINED_UPDREF(thr, tv_ret);  /* side effects */
		} else {
			/* [ ... func this (crud) retval ] */
			tv_funret = thr->valstack_top - 1;
#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
			/* Explicit check for fastint downgrade. */
			DUK_TVAL_CHKFAST_INPLACE(tv_funret);
#endif
			DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL_UPDREF(thr, tv_ret, tv_funret);  /* side effects */
		}
	}

	duk_set_top(ctx, idx_func + 1);  /* XXX: unnecessary, handle in adjust */

	/* [ ... retval ] */

	/* Ensure there is internal valstack spare before we exit; this may
	 * throw an alloc error.  The same guaranteed size must be available
	 * as before the call.  This is not optimal now: we store the valstack
	 * allocated size during entry; this value may be higher than the
	 * minimal guarantee for an application.
	 */

	/* XXX: we should never shrink here; when we error out later, we'd
	 * need to potentially grow the value stack in error unwind which could
	 * cause another error.
	 */

	(void) duk_valstack_resize_raw((duk_context *) thr,
	                               entry_valstack_end,                    /* same as during entry */
	                               DUK_VSRESIZE_FLAG_SHRINK |             /* flags */
	                               DUK_VSRESIZE_FLAG_COMPACT |
	                               DUK_VSRESIZE_FLAG_THROW);

	/* Restore entry thread executor curr_pc stack frame pointer. */
	thr->ptr_curr_pc = entry_ptr_curr_pc;

	DUK_HEAP_SWITCH_THREAD(thr->heap, entry_curr_thread);  /* may be NULL */
	thr->state = (duk_uint8_t) entry_thread_state;

	DUK_ASSERT((thr->state == DUK_HTHREAD_STATE_INACTIVE && thr->heap->curr_thread == NULL) ||  /* first call */
	           (thr->state == DUK_HTHREAD_STATE_INACTIVE && thr->heap->curr_thread != NULL) ||  /* other call */
	           (thr->state == DUK_HTHREAD_STATE_RUNNING && thr->heap->curr_thread == thr));     /* current thread */

	thr->heap->call_recursion_depth = entry_call_recursion_depth;

	/* If the debugger is active we need to force an interrupt so that
	 * debugger breakpoints are rechecked.  This is important for function
	 * calls caused by side effects (e.g. when doing a DUK_OP_GETPROP), see
	 * GH-303.  Only needed for success path, error path always causes a
	 * breakpoint recheck in the executor.  It would be enough to set this
	 * only when returning to an Ecmascript activation, but setting the flag
	 * on every return should have no ill effect.
	 */
#if defined(DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_SUPPORT)
	if (DUK_HEAP_IS_DEBUGGER_ATTACHED(thr->heap)) {
		DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("returning with debugger enabled, force interrupt"));
		DUK_ASSERT(thr->interrupt_counter <= thr->interrupt_init);
		thr->interrupt_init -= thr->interrupt_counter;
		thr->interrupt_counter = 0;
		thr->heap->dbg_force_restart = 1;
	}
#endif

#if defined(DUK_USE_INTERRUPT_COUNTER) && defined(DUK_USE_DEBUG)
	duk__interrupt_fixup(thr, entry_curr_thread);
#endif

	return;

 thread_state_error:
	DUK_ERROR_FMT1(thr, DUK_ERR_TYPE_ERROR, "invalid thread state for call (%ld)", (long) thr->state);
	DUK_UNREACHABLE();
	return;  /* never executed */
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__handle_call_error(duk_hthread *thr,
                                      duk_size_t entry_valstack_bottom_index,
                                      duk_size_t entry_valstack_end,
                                      duk_size_t entry_catchstack_top,
                                      duk_size_t entry_callstack_top,
                                      duk_int_t entry_call_recursion_depth,
                                      duk_hthread *entry_curr_thread,
                                      duk_uint_fast8_t entry_thread_state,
                                      duk_instr_t **entry_ptr_curr_pc,
                                      duk_idx_t idx_func,
                                      duk_jmpbuf *old_jmpbuf_ptr) {
	duk_context *ctx;
	duk_tval *tv_ret;

	ctx = (duk_context *) thr;

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("error caught during duk__handle_call_inner(): %!T",
	                     (duk_tval *) &thr->heap->lj.value1));

	/* Other longjmp types are handled by executor before propagating
	 * the error here.
	 */
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->heap->lj.type == DUK_LJ_TYPE_THROW);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->callstack_top >= entry_callstack_top);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->catchstack_top >= entry_catchstack_top);

	/* We don't need to sync back thr->ptr_curr_pc here because
	 * the bytecode executor always has a setjmp catchpoint which
	 * does that before errors propagate to here.
	 */
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->ptr_curr_pc == NULL);

	/* Restore the previous setjmp catcher so that any error in
	 * error handling will propagate outwards rather than re-enter
	 * the same handler.  However, the error handling path must be
	 * designed to be error free so that sandboxing guarantees are
	 * reliable, see e.g. https://github.com/svaarala/duktape/issues/476.
	 */
	thr->heap->lj.jmpbuf_ptr = old_jmpbuf_ptr;

	/* XXX: callstack unwind may now throw an error when closing
	 * scopes; this is a sandboxing issue, described in:
	 * https://github.com/svaarala/duktape/issues/476
	 */
	duk_hthread_catchstack_unwind(thr, entry_catchstack_top);
	duk_hthread_catchstack_shrink_check(thr);
	duk_hthread_callstack_unwind(thr, entry_callstack_top);
	duk_hthread_callstack_shrink_check(thr);

	thr->valstack_bottom = thr->valstack + entry_valstack_bottom_index;
	tv_ret = thr->valstack_bottom + idx_func;  /* XXX: byte offset? */
	DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL_UPDREF(thr, tv_ret, &thr->heap->lj.value1);  /* side effects */
#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
	/* Explicit check for fastint downgrade. */
	DUK_TVAL_CHKFAST_INPLACE(tv_ret);
#endif
	duk_set_top(ctx, idx_func + 1);  /* XXX: could be eliminated with valstack adjust */

	/* [ ... errobj ] */

	/* Ensure there is internal valstack spare before we exit; this may
	 * throw an alloc error.  The same guaranteed size must be available
	 * as before the call.  This is not optimal now: we store the valstack
	 * allocated size during entry; this value may be higher than the
	 * minimal guarantee for an application.
	 */

	/* XXX: this needs to be reworked so that we never shrink the value
	 * stack on function entry so that we never need to grow it here.
	 * Needing to grow here is a sandboxing issue because we need to
	 * allocate which may cause an error in the error handling path
	 * and thus propagate an error out of a protected call.
	 */

	(void) duk_valstack_resize_raw((duk_context *) thr,
	                               entry_valstack_end,                    /* same as during entry */
	                               DUK_VSRESIZE_FLAG_SHRINK |             /* flags */
	                               DUK_VSRESIZE_FLAG_COMPACT |
	                               DUK_VSRESIZE_FLAG_THROW);


	/* These are just convenience "wiping" of state.  Side effects should
	 * not be an issue here: thr->heap and thr->heap->lj have a stable
	 * pointer.  Finalizer runs etc capture even out-of-memory errors so
	 * nothing should throw here.
	 */
	thr->heap->lj.type = DUK_LJ_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
	thr->heap->lj.iserror = 0;
	DUK_TVAL_SET_UNDEFINED_UPDREF(thr, &thr->heap->lj.value1);  /* side effects */
	DUK_TVAL_SET_UNDEFINED_UPDREF(thr, &thr->heap->lj.value2);  /* side effects */

	/* Restore entry thread executor curr_pc stack frame pointer. */
	thr->ptr_curr_pc = entry_ptr_curr_pc;

	DUK_HEAP_SWITCH_THREAD(thr->heap, entry_curr_thread);  /* may be NULL */
	thr->state = (duk_uint8_t) entry_thread_state;

	DUK_ASSERT((thr->state == DUK_HTHREAD_STATE_INACTIVE && thr->heap->curr_thread == NULL) ||  /* first call */
	           (thr->state == DUK_HTHREAD_STATE_INACTIVE && thr->heap->curr_thread != NULL) ||  /* other call */
	           (thr->state == DUK_HTHREAD_STATE_RUNNING && thr->heap->curr_thread == thr));     /* current thread */

	thr->heap->call_recursion_depth = entry_call_recursion_depth;

	/* If the debugger is active we need to force an interrupt so that
	 * debugger breakpoints are rechecked.  This is important for function
	 * calls caused by side effects (e.g. when doing a DUK_OP_GETPROP), see
	 * GH-303.  Only needed for success path, error path always causes a
	 * breakpoint recheck in the executor.  It would be enough to set this
	 * only when returning to an Ecmascript activation, but setting the flag
	 * on every return should have no ill effect.
	 */
#if defined(DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_SUPPORT)
	if (DUK_HEAP_IS_DEBUGGER_ATTACHED(thr->heap)) {
		DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("returning with debugger enabled, force interrupt"));
		DUK_ASSERT(thr->interrupt_counter <= thr->interrupt_init);
		thr->interrupt_init -= thr->interrupt_counter;
		thr->interrupt_counter = 0;
		thr->heap->dbg_force_restart = 1;
	}
#endif

#if defined(DUK_USE_INTERRUPT_COUNTER) && defined(DUK_USE_DEBUG)
	duk__interrupt_fixup(thr, entry_curr_thread);
#endif
}

/*
 *  duk_handle_safe_call(): make a "C protected call" within the
 *  current activation.
 *
 *  The allowed thread states for making a call are the same as for
 *  duk_handle_call_xxx().
 *
 *  Error handling is similar to duk_handle_call_xxx(); errors may be thrown
 *  (and result in a fatal error) for insane arguments.
 */

/* XXX: bump preventcount by one for the duration of this call? */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_int_t duk_handle_safe_call(duk_hthread *thr,
                                            duk_safe_call_function func,
                                            duk_idx_t num_stack_args,
                                            duk_idx_t num_stack_rets) {
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk_size_t entry_valstack_bottom_index;
	duk_size_t entry_callstack_top;
	duk_size_t entry_catchstack_top;
	duk_int_t entry_call_recursion_depth;
	duk_hthread *entry_curr_thread;
	duk_uint_fast8_t entry_thread_state;
	duk_instr_t **entry_ptr_curr_pc;
	duk_jmpbuf *old_jmpbuf_ptr = NULL;
	duk_jmpbuf our_jmpbuf;
	duk_idx_t idx_retbase;
	duk_int_t retval;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(ctx != NULL);

	/* Note: careful with indices like '-x'; if 'x' is zero, it refers to bottom */
	entry_valstack_bottom_index = (duk_size_t) (thr->valstack_bottom - thr->valstack);
	entry_callstack_top = thr->callstack_top;
	entry_catchstack_top = thr->catchstack_top;
	entry_call_recursion_depth = thr->heap->call_recursion_depth;
	entry_curr_thread = thr->heap->curr_thread;  /* Note: may be NULL if first call */
	entry_thread_state = thr->state;
	entry_ptr_curr_pc = thr->ptr_curr_pc;  /* may be NULL */
	idx_retbase = duk_get_top(ctx) - num_stack_args;  /* Note: not a valid stack index if num_stack_args == 0 */

	/* Note: cannot portably debug print a function pointer, hence 'func' not printed! */
	DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("duk_handle_safe_call: thr=%p, num_stack_args=%ld, num_stack_rets=%ld, "
	                   "valstack_top=%ld, idx_retbase=%ld, rec_depth=%ld/%ld, "
	                   "entry_valstack_bottom_index=%ld, entry_callstack_top=%ld, entry_catchstack_top=%ld, "
	                   "entry_call_recursion_depth=%ld, entry_curr_thread=%p, entry_thread_state=%ld",
	                   (void *) thr,
	                   (long) num_stack_args,
	                   (long) num_stack_rets,
	                   (long) duk_get_top(ctx),
	                   (long) idx_retbase,
	                   (long) thr->heap->call_recursion_depth,
	                   (long) thr->heap->call_recursion_limit,
	                   (long) entry_valstack_bottom_index,
	                   (long) entry_callstack_top,
	                   (long) entry_catchstack_top,
	                   (long) entry_call_recursion_depth,
	                   (void *) entry_curr_thread,
	                   (long) entry_thread_state));

	if (idx_retbase < 0) {
		/* Since stack indices are not reliable, we can't do anything useful
		 * here.  Invoke the existing setjmp catcher, or if it doesn't exist,
		 * call the fatal error handler.
		 */

		DUK_ERROR_API(thr, DUK_STR_INVALID_CALL_ARGS);
	}

	/* setjmp catchpoint setup */

	old_jmpbuf_ptr = thr->heap->lj.jmpbuf_ptr;
	thr->heap->lj.jmpbuf_ptr = &our_jmpbuf;

#if defined(DUK_USE_CPP_EXCEPTIONS)
	try {
#else
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->heap->lj.jmpbuf_ptr == &our_jmpbuf);
	if (DUK_SETJMP(our_jmpbuf.jb) == 0) {
		/* Success path. */
#endif
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("safe_call setjmp catchpoint setup complete"));

		duk__handle_safe_call_inner(thr,
		                            func,
		                            idx_retbase,
		                            num_stack_rets,
		                            entry_valstack_bottom_index,
		                            entry_callstack_top,
		                            entry_catchstack_top);

		/* Longjmp state is kept clean in success path */
		DUK_ASSERT(thr->heap->lj.type == DUK_LJ_TYPE_UNKNOWN);
		DUK_ASSERT(thr->heap->lj.iserror == 0);
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_UNDEFINED(&thr->heap->lj.value1));
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_UNDEFINED(&thr->heap->lj.value2));

		/* Note: either pointer may be NULL (at entry), so don't assert */
		thr->heap->lj.jmpbuf_ptr = old_jmpbuf_ptr;

		retval = DUK_EXEC_SUCCESS;
#if defined(DUK_USE_CPP_EXCEPTIONS)
	} catch (duk_internal_exception &exc) {
		DUK_UNREF(exc);
#else
	} else {
		/* Error path. */
#endif
		duk__handle_safe_call_error(thr,
		                            idx_retbase,
		                            num_stack_rets,
		                            entry_valstack_bottom_index,
		                            entry_callstack_top,
		                            entry_catchstack_top,
		                            old_jmpbuf_ptr);

		/* Longjmp state is cleaned up by error handling */
		DUK_ASSERT(thr->heap->lj.type == DUK_LJ_TYPE_UNKNOWN);
		DUK_ASSERT(thr->heap->lj.iserror == 0);
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_UNDEFINED(&thr->heap->lj.value1));
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_UNDEFINED(&thr->heap->lj.value2));

		retval = DUK_EXEC_ERROR;
	}
#if defined(DUK_USE_CPP_EXCEPTIONS)
	catch (std::exception &exc) {
		const char *what = exc.what();
		if (!what) {
			what = "unknown";
		}
		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("unexpected c++ std::exception (perhaps thrown by user code)"));
		try {
			DUK_ERROR_FMT1(thr, DUK_ERR_API_ERROR, "caught invalid c++ std::exception '%s' (perhaps thrown by user code)", what);
		} catch (duk_internal_exception exc) {
			DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("caught api error thrown from unexpected c++ std::exception"));
			DUK_UNREF(exc);
			duk__handle_safe_call_error(thr,
			                            idx_retbase,
			                            num_stack_rets,
			                            entry_valstack_bottom_index,
			                            entry_callstack_top,
			                            entry_catchstack_top,
			                            old_jmpbuf_ptr);
			retval = DUK_EXEC_ERROR;
		}
	} catch (...) {
		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("unexpected c++ exception (perhaps thrown by user code)"));
		try {
			DUK_ERROR_API(thr, "caught invalid c++ exception (perhaps thrown by user code)");
		} catch (duk_internal_exception exc) {
			DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("caught api error thrown from unexpected c++ exception"));
			DUK_UNREF(exc);
			duk__handle_safe_call_error(thr,
			                            idx_retbase,
			                            num_stack_rets,
			                            entry_valstack_bottom_index,
			                            entry_callstack_top,
			                            entry_catchstack_top,
			                            old_jmpbuf_ptr);
			retval = DUK_EXEC_ERROR;
		}
	}
#endif

	DUK_ASSERT(thr->heap->lj.jmpbuf_ptr == old_jmpbuf_ptr);  /* success/error path both do this */

	duk__handle_safe_call_shared(thr,
	                             idx_retbase,
	                             num_stack_rets,
	                             entry_call_recursion_depth,
	                             entry_curr_thread,
	                             entry_thread_state,
	                             entry_ptr_curr_pc);

	return retval;
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__handle_safe_call_inner(duk_hthread *thr,
                                           duk_safe_call_function func,
                                           duk_idx_t idx_retbase,
                                           duk_idx_t num_stack_rets,
                                           duk_size_t entry_valstack_bottom_index,
                                           duk_size_t entry_callstack_top,
                                           duk_size_t entry_catchstack_top) {
	duk_context *ctx;
	duk_ret_t rc;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	DUK_UNREF(entry_valstack_bottom_index);
	DUK_UNREF(entry_callstack_top);
	DUK_UNREF(entry_catchstack_top);

	/*
	 *  Thread state check and book-keeping.
	 */

	if (thr == thr->heap->curr_thread) {
		/* same thread */
		if (thr->state != DUK_HTHREAD_STATE_RUNNING) {
			/* should actually never happen, but check anyway */
			goto thread_state_error;
		}
	} else {
		/* different thread */
		DUK_ASSERT(thr->heap->curr_thread == NULL ||
		           thr->heap->curr_thread->state == DUK_HTHREAD_STATE_RUNNING);
		if (thr->state != DUK_HTHREAD_STATE_INACTIVE) {
			goto thread_state_error;
		}
		DUK_HEAP_SWITCH_THREAD(thr->heap, thr);
		thr->state = DUK_HTHREAD_STATE_RUNNING;

		/* Note: multiple threads may be simultaneously in the RUNNING
		 * state, but not in the same "resume chain".
		 */
	}

	DUK_ASSERT(thr->heap->curr_thread == thr);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->state == DUK_HTHREAD_STATE_RUNNING);

	/*
	 *  Recursion limit check.
	 *
	 *  Note: there is no need for an "ignore recursion limit" flag
	 *  for duk_handle_safe_call now.
	 */

	DUK_ASSERT(thr->heap->call_recursion_depth >= 0);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->heap->call_recursion_depth <= thr->heap->call_recursion_limit);
	if (thr->heap->call_recursion_depth >= thr->heap->call_recursion_limit) {
		/* XXX: error message is a bit misleading: we reached a recursion
		 * limit which is also essentially the same as a C callstack limit
		 * (except perhaps with some relaxed threading assumptions).
		 */
		DUK_ERROR_RANGE(thr, DUK_STR_C_CALLSTACK_LIMIT);
	}
	thr->heap->call_recursion_depth++;

	/*
	 *  Valstack spare check
	 */

	duk_require_stack(ctx, 0);  /* internal spare */

	/*
	 *  Make the C call
	 */

	rc = func(ctx);

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("safe_call, func rc=%ld", (long) rc));

	/*
	 *  Valstack manipulation for results.
	 */

	/* we're running inside the caller's activation, so no change in call/catch stack or valstack bottom */
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->callstack_top == entry_callstack_top);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->catchstack_top == entry_catchstack_top);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->valstack_bottom >= thr->valstack);
	DUK_ASSERT((duk_size_t) (thr->valstack_bottom - thr->valstack) == entry_valstack_bottom_index);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->valstack_top >= thr->valstack_bottom);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->valstack_end >= thr->valstack_top);

	if (rc < 0) {
		duk_error_throw_from_negative_rc(thr, rc);
	}
	DUK_ASSERT(rc >= 0);

	if (duk_get_top(ctx) < rc) {
		DUK_ERROR_API(thr, "not enough stack values for safe_call rc");
	}

	DUK_ASSERT(thr->catchstack_top == entry_catchstack_top);  /* no need to unwind */
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->callstack_top == entry_callstack_top);

	duk__safe_call_adjust_valstack(thr, idx_retbase, num_stack_rets, rc);
	return;

 thread_state_error:
	DUK_ERROR_FMT1(thr, DUK_ERR_TYPE_ERROR, "invalid thread state for safe_call (%ld)", (long) thr->state);
	DUK_UNREACHABLE();
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__handle_safe_call_error(duk_hthread *thr,
                                           duk_idx_t idx_retbase,
                                           duk_idx_t num_stack_rets,
                                           duk_size_t entry_valstack_bottom_index,
                                           duk_size_t entry_callstack_top,
                                           duk_size_t entry_catchstack_top,
                                           duk_jmpbuf *old_jmpbuf_ptr) {
	duk_context *ctx;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);

	/*
	 *  Error during call.  The error value is at heap->lj.value1.
	 *
	 *  The very first thing we do is restore the previous setjmp catcher.
	 *  This means that any error in error handling will propagate outwards
	 *  instead of causing a setjmp() re-entry above.
	 */

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("error caught during protected duk_handle_safe_call()"));

	/* Other longjmp types are handled by executor before propagating
	 * the error here.
	 */
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->heap->lj.type == DUK_LJ_TYPE_THROW);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->callstack_top >= entry_callstack_top);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->catchstack_top >= entry_catchstack_top);

	/* Note: either pointer may be NULL (at entry), so don't assert. */
	thr->heap->lj.jmpbuf_ptr = old_jmpbuf_ptr;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr->catchstack_top >= entry_catchstack_top);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->callstack_top >= entry_callstack_top);
	duk_hthread_catchstack_unwind(thr, entry_catchstack_top);
	duk_hthread_catchstack_shrink_check(thr);
	duk_hthread_callstack_unwind(thr, entry_callstack_top);
	duk_hthread_callstack_shrink_check(thr);
	thr->valstack_bottom = thr->valstack + entry_valstack_bottom_index;

	/* [ ... | (crud) ] */

	/* XXX: space in valstack?  see discussion in duk_handle_call_xxx(). */
	duk_push_tval(ctx, &thr->heap->lj.value1);

	/* [ ... | (crud) errobj ] */

	DUK_ASSERT(duk_get_top(ctx) >= 1);  /* at least errobj must be on stack */

	/* check that the valstack has space for the final amount and any
	 * intermediate space needed; this is unoptimal but should be safe
	 */
	duk_require_stack_top(ctx, idx_retbase + num_stack_rets);  /* final configuration */
	duk_require_stack(ctx, num_stack_rets);

	duk__safe_call_adjust_valstack(thr, idx_retbase, num_stack_rets, 1);  /* 1 = num actual 'return values' */

	/* [ ... | ] or [ ... | errobj (M * undefined)] where M = num_stack_rets - 1 */

	/* These are just convenience "wiping" of state.  Side effects should
	 * not be an issue here: thr->heap and thr->heap->lj have a stable
	 * pointer.  Finalizer runs etc capture even out-of-memory errors so
	 * nothing should throw here.
	 */
	thr->heap->lj.type = DUK_LJ_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
	thr->heap->lj.iserror = 0;
	DUK_TVAL_SET_UNDEFINED_UPDREF(thr, &thr->heap->lj.value1);  /* side effects */
	DUK_TVAL_SET_UNDEFINED_UPDREF(thr, &thr->heap->lj.value2);  /* side effects */
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__handle_safe_call_shared(duk_hthread *thr,
                                            duk_idx_t idx_retbase,
                                            duk_idx_t num_stack_rets,
                                            duk_int_t entry_call_recursion_depth,
                                            duk_hthread *entry_curr_thread,
                                            duk_uint_fast8_t entry_thread_state,
                                            duk_instr_t **entry_ptr_curr_pc) {
	duk_context *ctx;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
	DUK_UNREF(ctx);
	DUK_UNREF(idx_retbase);
	DUK_UNREF(num_stack_rets);

	/* Restore entry thread executor curr_pc stack frame pointer. */
	thr->ptr_curr_pc = entry_ptr_curr_pc;

	/* XXX: because we unwind stacks above, thr->heap->curr_thread is at
	 * risk of pointing to an already freed thread.  This was indeed the
	 * case in test-bug-multithread-valgrind.c, until duk_handle_call()
	 * was fixed to restore thr->heap->curr_thread before rethrowing an
	 * uncaught error.
	 */
	DUK_HEAP_SWITCH_THREAD(thr->heap, entry_curr_thread);  /* may be NULL */
	thr->state = (duk_uint8_t) entry_thread_state;

	DUK_ASSERT((thr->state == DUK_HTHREAD_STATE_INACTIVE && thr->heap->curr_thread == NULL) ||  /* first call */
	           (thr->state == DUK_HTHREAD_STATE_INACTIVE && thr->heap->curr_thread != NULL) ||  /* other call */
	           (thr->state == DUK_HTHREAD_STATE_RUNNING && thr->heap->curr_thread == thr));     /* current thread */

	thr->heap->call_recursion_depth = entry_call_recursion_depth;

	/* stack discipline consistency check */
	DUK_ASSERT(duk_get_top(ctx) == idx_retbase + num_stack_rets);

	/* A debugger forced interrupt check is not needed here, as
	 * problematic safe calls are not caused by side effects.
	 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_INTERRUPT_COUNTER) && defined(DUK_USE_DEBUG)
	duk__interrupt_fixup(thr, entry_curr_thread);
#endif
}

/*
 *  Helper for handling an Ecmascript-to-Ecmascript call or an Ecmascript
 *  function (initial) Duktape.Thread.resume().
 *
 *  Compared to normal calls handled by duk_handle_call(), there are a
 *  bunch of differences:
 *
 *    - the call is never protected
 *    - there is no C recursion depth increase (hence an "ignore recursion
 *      limit" flag is not applicable)
 *    - instead of making the call, this helper just performs the thread
 *      setup and returns; the bytecode executor then restarts execution
 *      internally
 *    - ecmascript functions are never 'vararg' functions (they access
 *      varargs through the 'arguments' object)
 *
 *  The callstack of the target contains an earlier Ecmascript call in case
 *  of an Ecmascript-to-Ecmascript call (whose idx_retval is updated), or
 *  is empty in case of an initial Duktape.Thread.resume().
 *
 *  The first thing to do here is to figure out whether an ecma-to-ecma
 *  call is actually possible.  It's not always the case if the target is
 *  a bound function; the final function may be native.  In that case,
 *  return an error so caller can fall back to a normal call path.
 */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_handle_ecma_call_setup(duk_hthread *thr,
                                                   duk_idx_t num_stack_args,
                                                   duk_small_uint_t call_flags) {
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk_size_t entry_valstack_bottom_index;
	duk_idx_t idx_func;     /* valstack index of 'func' and retval (relative to entry valstack_bottom) */
	duk_idx_t idx_args;     /* valstack index of start of args (arg1) (relative to entry valstack_bottom) */
	duk_idx_t nargs;        /* # argument registers target function wants (< 0 => never for ecma calls) */
	duk_idx_t nregs;        /* # total registers target function wants on entry (< 0 => never for ecma calls) */
	duk_hobject *func;      /* 'func' on stack (borrowed reference) */
	duk_tval *tv_func;      /* duk_tval ptr for 'func' on stack (borrowed reference) */
	duk_activation *act;
	duk_hobject *env;
	duk_bool_t use_tailcall;
	duk_instr_t **entry_ptr_curr_pc;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(ctx != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(!((call_flags & DUK_CALL_FLAG_IS_RESUME) != 0 && (call_flags & DUK_CALL_FLAG_IS_TAILCALL) != 0));

	/* XXX: assume these? */
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->valstack != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->callstack != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->catchstack != NULL);

	/* no need to handle thread state book-keeping here */
	DUK_ASSERT((call_flags & DUK_CALL_FLAG_IS_RESUME) != 0 ||
	           (thr->state == DUK_HTHREAD_STATE_RUNNING &&
	            thr->heap->curr_thread == thr));

	/* If thr->ptr_curr_pc is set, sync curr_pc to act->pc.  Then NULL
	 * thr->ptr_curr_pc so that it's not accidentally used with an incorrect
	 * activation when side effects occur.  If we end up not making the
	 * call we must restore the value.
	 */
	entry_ptr_curr_pc = thr->ptr_curr_pc;
	duk_hthread_sync_and_null_currpc(thr);

	/* if a tail call:
	 *   - an Ecmascript activation must be on top of the callstack
	 *   - there cannot be any active catchstack entries
	 */
#if defined(DUK_USE_ASSERTIONS)
	if (call_flags & DUK_CALL_FLAG_IS_TAILCALL) {
		duk_size_t our_callstack_index;
		duk_size_t i;

		DUK_ASSERT(thr->callstack_top >= 1);
		our_callstack_index = thr->callstack_top - 1;
		DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(our_callstack_index >= 0);
		DUK_ASSERT(our_callstack_index < thr->callstack_size);
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_ACT_GET_FUNC(thr->callstack + our_callstack_index) != NULL);
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_IS_COMPILEDFUNCTION(DUK_ACT_GET_FUNC(thr->callstack + our_callstack_index)));

		/* No entry in the catchstack which would actually catch a
		 * throw can refer to the callstack entry being reused.
		 * There *can* be catchstack entries referring to the current
		 * callstack entry as long as they don't catch (e.g. label sites).
		 */

		for (i = 0; i < thr->catchstack_top; i++) {
			DUK_ASSERT(thr->catchstack[i].callstack_index < our_callstack_index ||  /* refer to callstack entries below current */
			           DUK_CAT_GET_TYPE(thr->catchstack + i) == DUK_CAT_TYPE_LABEL); /* or a non-catching entry */
		}
	}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_ASSERTIONS */

	entry_valstack_bottom_index = (duk_size_t) (thr->valstack_bottom - thr->valstack);
	/* XXX: rework */
	idx_func = duk_normalize_index(thr, -num_stack_args - 2);
	idx_args = idx_func + 2;

	DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("handle_ecma_call_setup: thr=%p, "
	                   "num_stack_args=%ld, call_flags=0x%08lx (resume=%ld, tailcall=%ld), "
	                   "idx_func=%ld, idx_args=%ld, entry_valstack_bottom_index=%ld",
	                   (void *) thr,
	                   (long) num_stack_args,
	                   (unsigned long) call_flags,
	                   (long) ((call_flags & DUK_CALL_FLAG_IS_RESUME) != 0 ? 1 : 0),
	                   (long) ((call_flags & DUK_CALL_FLAG_IS_TAILCALL) != 0 ? 1 : 0),
	                   (long) idx_func,
	                   (long) idx_args,
	                   (long) entry_valstack_bottom_index));

	if (DUK_UNLIKELY(idx_func < 0 || idx_args < 0)) {
		/* XXX: assert? compiler is responsible for this never happening */
		DUK_ERROR_API(thr, DUK_STR_INVALID_CALL_ARGS);
	}

	/*
	 *  Check the function type, handle bound function chains, and prepare
	 *  parameters for the rest of the call handling.  Also figure out the
	 *  effective 'this' binding, which replaces the current value at
	 *  idx_func + 1.
	 *
	 *  If the target function is a 'bound' one, follow the chain of 'bound'
	 *  functions until a non-bound function is found.  During this process,
	 *  bound arguments are 'prepended' to existing ones, and the "this"
	 *  binding is overridden.  See E5 Section 15.3.4.5.1.
	 *
	 *  If the final target function cannot be handled by an ecma-to-ecma
	 *  call, return to the caller with a return value indicating this case.
	 *  The bound chain is resolved and the caller can resume with a plain
	 *  function call.
	 */

	func = duk__nonbound_func_lookup(ctx, idx_func, &num_stack_args, &tv_func, call_flags);
	if (func == NULL || !DUK_HOBJECT_IS_COMPILEDFUNCTION(func)) {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("final target is a lightfunc/nativefunc, cannot do ecma-to-ecma call"));
		thr->ptr_curr_pc = entry_ptr_curr_pc;
		return 0;
	}
	/* XXX: tv_func is not actually needed */

	DUK_ASSERT(func != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_BOUND(func));
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_IS_COMPILEDFUNCTION(func));

	duk__coerce_effective_this_binding(thr, func, idx_func + 1);
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("effective 'this' binding is: %!T",
	                     duk_get_tval(ctx, idx_func + 1)));

	nargs = ((duk_hcompiledfunction *) func)->nargs;
	nregs = ((duk_hcompiledfunction *) func)->nregs;
	DUK_ASSERT(nregs >= nargs);

	/* [ ... func this arg1 ... argN ] */

	/*
	 *  Preliminary activation record and valstack manipulation.
	 *  The concrete actions depend on whether the we're dealing
	 *  with a tail call (reuse an existing activation), a resume,
	 *  or a normal call.
	 *
	 *  The basic actions, in varying order, are:
	 *
	 *    - Check stack size for call handling
	 *    - Grow call stack if necessary (non-tail-calls)
	 *    - Update current activation (idx_retval) if necessary
	 *      (non-tail, non-resume calls)
	 *    - Move start of args (idx_args) to valstack bottom
	 *      (tail calls)
	 *
	 *  Don't touch valstack_bottom or valstack_top yet so that Duktape API
	 *  calls work normally.
	 */

	/* XXX: some overlapping code; cleanup */
	use_tailcall = call_flags & DUK_CALL_FLAG_IS_TAILCALL;
#if !defined(DUK_USE_TAILCALL)
	DUK_ASSERT(use_tailcall == 0);  /* compiler ensures this */
#endif
	if (use_tailcall) {
		/* tailcall cannot be flagged to resume calls, and a
		 * previous frame must exist
		 */
		DUK_ASSERT(thr->callstack_top >= 1);
		DUK_ASSERT((call_flags & DUK_CALL_FLAG_IS_RESUME) == 0);

		act = thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top - 1;
		if (act->flags & DUK_ACT_FLAG_PREVENT_YIELD) {
			/* See: test-bug-tailcall-preventyield-assert.c. */
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("tail call prevented by current activation having DUK_ACT_FLAG_PREVENTYIELD"));
			use_tailcall = 0;
		} else if (DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_NOTAIL(func)) {
			DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("tail call prevented by function having a notail flag"));
			use_tailcall = 0;
		}
	}

	if (use_tailcall) {
		duk_tval *tv1, *tv2;
		duk_size_t cs_index;
		duk_int_t i_stk;  /* must be signed for loop structure */
		duk_idx_t i_arg;

		/*
		 *  Tailcall handling
		 *
		 *  Although the callstack entry is reused, we need to explicitly unwind
		 *  the current activation (or simulate an unwind).  In particular, the
		 *  current activation must be closed, otherwise something like
		 *  test-bug-reduce-judofyr.js results.  Also catchstack needs be unwound
		 *  because there may be non-error-catching label entries in valid tail calls.
		 */

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("is tail call, reusing activation at callstack top, at index %ld",
		                     (long) (thr->callstack_top - 1)));

		/* 'act' already set above */

		DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_BOUND(func));
		DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_NATIVEFUNCTION(func));
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_COMPILEDFUNCTION(func));
		DUK_ASSERT((act->flags & DUK_ACT_FLAG_PREVENT_YIELD) == 0);

		/* Unwind catchstack entries referring to the callstack entry we're reusing */
		cs_index = thr->callstack_top - 1;
		DUK_ASSERT(thr->catchstack_top <= DUK_INT_MAX);  /* catchstack limits */
		for (i_stk = (duk_int_t) (thr->catchstack_top - 1); i_stk >= 0; i_stk--) {
			duk_catcher *cat = thr->catchstack + i_stk;
			if (cat->callstack_index != cs_index) {
				/* 'i' is the first entry we'll keep */
				break;
			}
		}
		duk_hthread_catchstack_unwind(thr, i_stk + 1);

		/* Unwind the topmost callstack entry before reusing it */
		DUK_ASSERT(thr->callstack_top > 0);
		duk_hthread_callstack_unwind(thr, thr->callstack_top - 1);

		/* Then reuse the unwound activation; callstack was not shrunk so there is always space */
		thr->callstack_top++;
		DUK_ASSERT(thr->callstack_top <= thr->callstack_size);
		act = thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top - 1;

		/* Start filling in the activation */
		act->func = func;  /* don't want an intermediate exposed state with func == NULL */
#if defined(DUK_USE_NONSTD_FUNC_CALLER_PROPERTY)
		act->prev_caller = NULL;
#endif
		DUK_ASSERT(func != NULL);
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_COMPILEDFUNCTION(func));
		/* don't want an intermediate exposed state with invalid pc */
		act->curr_pc = DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_CODE_BASE(thr->heap, (duk_hcompiledfunction *) func);
#if defined(DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_SUPPORT)
		act->prev_line = 0;
#endif
		DUK_TVAL_SET_OBJECT(&act->tv_func, func);  /* borrowed, no refcount */
#if defined(DUK_USE_REFERENCE_COUNTING)
		DUK_HOBJECT_INCREF(thr, func);
		act = thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top - 1;  /* side effects (currently none though) */
#endif

#if defined(DUK_USE_NONSTD_FUNC_CALLER_PROPERTY)
#if defined(DUK_USE_TAILCALL)
#error incorrect options: tail calls enabled with function caller property
#endif
		/* XXX: this doesn't actually work properly for tail calls, so
		 * tail calls are disabled when DUK_USE_NONSTD_FUNC_CALLER_PROPERTY
		 * is in use.
		 */
		duk__update_func_caller_prop(thr, func);
		act = thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top - 1;
#endif

		act->flags = (DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_STRICT(func) ?
		              DUK_ACT_FLAG_STRICT | DUK_ACT_FLAG_TAILCALLED :
		              DUK_ACT_FLAG_TAILCALLED);

		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_ACT_GET_FUNC(act) == func);      /* already updated */
		DUK_ASSERT(act->var_env == NULL);   /* already NULLed (by unwind) */
		DUK_ASSERT(act->lex_env == NULL);   /* already NULLed (by unwind) */
		act->idx_bottom = entry_valstack_bottom_index;  /* tail call -> reuse current "frame" */
		DUK_ASSERT(nregs >= 0);
#if 0  /* topmost activation idx_retval is considered garbage, no need to init */
		act->idx_retval = 0;
#endif

		/*
		 *  Manipulate valstack so that args are on the current bottom and the
		 *  previous caller's 'this' binding (which is the value preceding the
		 *  current bottom) is replaced with the new 'this' binding:
		 *
		 *       [ ... this_old | (crud) func this_new arg1 ... argN ]
		 *  -->  [ ... this_new | arg1 ... argN ]
		 *
		 *  For tail calling to work properly, the valstack bottom must not grow
		 *  here; otherwise crud would accumulate on the valstack.
		 */

		tv1 = thr->valstack_bottom - 1;
		tv2 = thr->valstack_bottom + idx_func + 1;
		DUK_ASSERT(tv1 >= thr->valstack && tv1 < thr->valstack_top);  /* tv1 is -below- valstack_bottom */
		DUK_ASSERT(tv2 >= thr->valstack_bottom && tv2 < thr->valstack_top);
		DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL_UPDREF(thr, tv1, tv2);  /* side effects */

		for (i_arg = 0; i_arg < idx_args; i_arg++) {
			/* XXX: block removal API primitive */
			/* Note: 'func' is popped from valstack here, but it is
			 * already reachable from the activation.
			 */
			duk_remove(ctx, 0);
		}
		idx_func = 0; DUK_UNREF(idx_func);  /* really 'not applicable' anymore, should not be referenced after this */
		idx_args = 0;

		/* [ ... this_new | arg1 ... argN ] */
	} else {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("not a tail call, pushing a new activation to callstack, to index %ld",
		                     (long) (thr->callstack_top)));

		duk_hthread_callstack_grow(thr);

		if (call_flags & DUK_CALL_FLAG_IS_RESUME) {
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("is resume -> no update to current activation (may not even exist)"));
		} else {
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("update to current activation idx_retval"));
			DUK_ASSERT(thr->callstack_top < thr->callstack_size);
			DUK_ASSERT(thr->callstack_top >= 1);
			act = thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top - 1;
			DUK_ASSERT(DUK_ACT_GET_FUNC(act) != NULL);
			DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_IS_COMPILEDFUNCTION(DUK_ACT_GET_FUNC(act)));
			act->idx_retval = entry_valstack_bottom_index + idx_func;
		}

		DUK_ASSERT(thr->callstack_top < thr->callstack_size);
		act = thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top;
		thr->callstack_top++;
		DUK_ASSERT(thr->callstack_top <= thr->callstack_size);

		DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_BOUND(func));
		DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_NATIVEFUNCTION(func));
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_COMPILEDFUNCTION(func));

		act->flags = (DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_STRICT(func) ?
		              DUK_ACT_FLAG_STRICT :
		              0);
		act->func = func;
		act->var_env = NULL;
		act->lex_env = NULL;
#if defined(DUK_USE_NONSTD_FUNC_CALLER_PROPERTY)
		act->prev_caller = NULL;
#endif
		DUK_ASSERT(func != NULL);
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_COMPILEDFUNCTION(func));
		act->curr_pc = DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_CODE_BASE(thr->heap, (duk_hcompiledfunction *) func);
#if defined(DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_SUPPORT)
		act->prev_line = 0;
#endif
		act->idx_bottom = entry_valstack_bottom_index + idx_args;
		DUK_ASSERT(nregs >= 0);
#if 0  /* topmost activation idx_retval is considered garbage, no need to init */
		act->idx_retval = 0;
#endif
		DUK_TVAL_SET_OBJECT(&act->tv_func, func);  /* borrowed, no refcount */

		DUK_HOBJECT_INCREF(thr, func);  /* act->func */

#if defined(DUK_USE_NONSTD_FUNC_CALLER_PROPERTY)
		duk__update_func_caller_prop(thr, func);
		act = thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top - 1;
#endif
	}

	/* [ ... func this arg1 ... argN ]  (not tail call)
	 * [ this | arg1 ... argN ]         (tail call)
	 *
	 * idx_args updated to match
	 */

	/*
	 *  Environment record creation and 'arguments' object creation.
	 *  Named function expression name binding is handled by the
	 *  compiler; the compiled function's parent env will contain
	 *  the (immutable) binding already.
	 *
	 *  Delayed creation (on demand) is handled in duk_js_var.c.
	 */

	/* XXX: unify handling with native call. */

	DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_BOUND(func));  /* bound function chain has already been resolved */

	if (!DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_NEWENV(func)) {
		/* use existing env (e.g. for non-strict eval); cannot have
		 * an own 'arguments' object (but can refer to the existing one)
		 */

		duk__handle_oldenv_for_call(thr, func, act);

		DUK_ASSERT(act->lex_env != NULL);
		DUK_ASSERT(act->var_env != NULL);
		goto env_done;
	}

	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_NEWENV(func));

	if (!DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_CREATEARGS(func)) {
		/* no need to create environment record now; leave as NULL */
		DUK_ASSERT(act->lex_env == NULL);
		DUK_ASSERT(act->var_env == NULL);
		goto env_done;
	}

	/* third arg: absolute index (to entire valstack) of idx_bottom of new activation */
	env = duk_create_activation_environment_record(thr, func, act->idx_bottom);
	DUK_ASSERT(env != NULL);

	/* [ ... arg1 ... argN envobj ] */

	/* original input stack before nargs/nregs handling must be
	 * intact for 'arguments' object
	 */
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_CREATEARGS(func));
	duk__handle_createargs_for_call(thr, func, env, num_stack_args);

	/* [ ... arg1 ... argN envobj ] */

	act = thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top - 1;
	act->lex_env = env;
	act->var_env = env;
	DUK_HOBJECT_INCREF(thr, act->lex_env);
	DUK_HOBJECT_INCREF(thr, act->var_env);
	duk_pop(ctx);

 env_done:
	/* [ ... arg1 ... argN ] */

	/*
	 *  Setup value stack: clamp to 'nargs', fill up to 'nregs'
	 */

	duk__adjust_valstack_and_top(thr,
	                             num_stack_args,
	                             idx_args,
	                             nregs,
	                             nargs,
	                             func);

	/*
	 *  Shift to new valstack_bottom.
	 */

	thr->valstack_bottom = thr->valstack_bottom + idx_args;
	/* keep current valstack_top */
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->valstack_bottom >= thr->valstack);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->valstack_top >= thr->valstack_bottom);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->valstack_end >= thr->valstack_top);

	/*
	 *  Return to bytecode executor, which will resume execution from
	 *  the topmost activation.
	 */

	return 1;
}
/*
 *  Ecmascript compiler.
 *
 *  Parses an input string and generates a function template result.
 *  Compilation may happen in multiple contexts (global code, eval
 *  code, function code).
 *
 *  The parser uses a traditional top-down recursive parsing for the
 *  statement level, and an operator precedence based top-down approach
 *  for the expression level.  The attempt is to minimize the C stack
 *  depth.  Bytecode is generated directly without an intermediate
 *  representation (tree), at the cost of needing two passes over each
 *  function.
 *
 *  The top-down recursive parser functions are named "duk__parse_XXX".
 *
 *  Recursion limits are in key functions to prevent arbitrary C recursion:
 *  function body parsing, statement parsing, and expression parsing.
 *
 *  See doc/compiler.rst for discussion on the design.
 *
 *  A few typing notes:
 *
 *    - duk_regconst_t: unsigned, no marker value for "none"
 *    - duk_reg_t: signed, < 0 = none
 *    - PC values: duk_int_t, negative values used as markers
 */

/* include removed: duk_internal.h */

/* if highest bit of a register number is set, it refers to a constant instead */
#define DUK__CONST_MARKER                 DUK_JS_CONST_MARKER

/* for array and object literals */
#define DUK__MAX_ARRAY_INIT_VALUES        20
#define DUK__MAX_OBJECT_INIT_PAIRS        10

/* XXX: hack, remove when const lookup is not O(n) */
#define DUK__GETCONST_MAX_CONSTS_CHECK    256

/* These limits are based on bytecode limits.  Max temps is limited
 * by duk_hcompiledfunction nargs/nregs fields being 16 bits.
 */
#define DUK__MAX_CONSTS                   DUK_BC_BC_MAX
#define DUK__MAX_FUNCS                    DUK_BC_BC_MAX
#define DUK__MAX_TEMPS                    0xffffL

/* Initial bytecode size allocation. */
#define DUK__BC_INITIAL_INSTS 256

#define DUK__RECURSION_INCREASE(comp_ctx,thr)  do { \
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("RECURSION INCREASE: %s:%ld", (const char *) DUK_FILE_MACRO, (long) DUK_LINE_MACRO)); \
		duk__recursion_increase((comp_ctx)); \
	} while (0)

#define DUK__RECURSION_DECREASE(comp_ctx,thr)  do { \
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("RECURSION DECREASE: %s:%ld", (const char *) DUK_FILE_MACRO, (long) DUK_LINE_MACRO)); \
		duk__recursion_decrease((comp_ctx)); \
	} while (0)

/* Value stack slot limits: these are quite approximate right now, and
 * because they overlap in control flow, some could be eliminated.
 */
#define DUK__COMPILE_ENTRY_SLOTS          8
#define DUK__FUNCTION_INIT_REQUIRE_SLOTS  16
#define DUK__FUNCTION_BODY_REQUIRE_SLOTS  16
#define DUK__PARSE_STATEMENTS_SLOTS       16
#define DUK__PARSE_EXPR_SLOTS             16

/* Temporary structure used to pass a stack allocated region through
 * duk_safe_call().
 */
typedef struct {
	duk_small_uint_t flags;
	duk_compiler_ctx comp_ctx_alloc;
	duk_lexer_point lex_pt_alloc;
} duk__compiler_stkstate;

/*
 *  Prototypes
 */

/* lexing */
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__advance_helper(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_small_int_t expect);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__advance_expect(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_small_int_t expect);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__advance(duk_compiler_ctx *ctx);

/* function helpers */
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__init_func_valstack_slots(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__reset_func_for_pass2(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__init_varmap_and_prologue_for_pass2(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_reg_t *out_stmt_value_reg);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__convert_to_func_template(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_bool_t force_no_namebind);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL duk_int_t duk__cleanup_varmap(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx);

/* code emission */
DUK_LOCAL_DECL duk_int_t duk__get_current_pc(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL duk_compiler_instr *duk__get_instr_ptr(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_int_t pc);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__emit(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_instr_t ins);
#if 0  /* unused */
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__emit_op_only(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_small_uint_t op);
#endif
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__emit_a_b_c(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_small_uint_t op_flags, duk_regconst_t a, duk_regconst_t b, duk_regconst_t c);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__emit_a_b(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_small_uint_t op_flags, duk_regconst_t a, duk_regconst_t b);
#if 0  /* unused */
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__emit_a(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_small_uint_t op_flags, duk_regconst_t a);
#endif
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__emit_a_bc(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_small_uint_t op_flags, duk_regconst_t a, duk_regconst_t bc);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__emit_abc(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_small_uint_t op, duk_regconst_t abc);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__emit_extraop_b_c(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_small_uint_t extraop_flags, duk_regconst_t b, duk_regconst_t c);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__emit_extraop_b(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_small_uint_t extraop_flags, duk_regconst_t b);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__emit_extraop_bc(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_small_uint_t extraop, duk_regconst_t bc);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__emit_extraop_only(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_small_uint_t extraop_flags);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__emit_load_int32(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_reg_t reg, duk_int32_t val);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__emit_load_int32_noshuffle(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_reg_t reg, duk_int32_t val);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__emit_jump(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_int_t target_pc);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL duk_int_t duk__emit_jump_empty(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__insert_jump_entry(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_int_t jump_pc);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__patch_jump(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_int_t jump_pc, duk_int_t target_pc);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__patch_jump_here(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_int_t jump_pc);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__patch_trycatch(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_int_t ldconst_pc, duk_int_t trycatch_pc, duk_regconst_t reg_catch, duk_regconst_t const_varname, duk_small_uint_t flags);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__emit_if_false_skip(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_regconst_t regconst);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__emit_if_true_skip(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_regconst_t regconst);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__emit_invalid(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx);

/* ivalue/ispec helpers */
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__copy_ispec(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_ispec *src, duk_ispec *dst);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__copy_ivalue(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_ivalue *src, duk_ivalue *dst);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL duk_bool_t duk__is_whole_get_int32(duk_double_t x, duk_int32_t *ival);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL duk_reg_t duk__alloctemps(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_small_int_t num);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL duk_reg_t duk__alloctemp(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__settemp_checkmax(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_reg_t temp_next);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL duk_regconst_t duk__getconst(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL
duk_regconst_t duk__ispec_toregconst_raw(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx,
                                         duk_ispec *x,
                                         duk_reg_t forced_reg,
                                         duk_small_uint_t flags);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__ispec_toforcedreg(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_ispec *x, duk_reg_t forced_reg);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__ivalue_toplain_raw(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_ivalue *x, duk_reg_t forced_reg);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__ivalue_toplain(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_ivalue *x);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__ivalue_toplain_ignore(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_ivalue *x);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL
duk_regconst_t duk__ivalue_toregconst_raw(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx,
                                          duk_ivalue *x,
                                          duk_reg_t forced_reg,
                                          duk_small_uint_t flags);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL duk_reg_t duk__ivalue_toreg(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_ivalue *x);
#if 0  /* unused */
DUK_LOCAL_DECL duk_reg_t duk__ivalue_totemp(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_ivalue *x);
#endif
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__ivalue_toforcedreg(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_ivalue *x, duk_int_t forced_reg);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL duk_regconst_t duk__ivalue_toregconst(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_ivalue *x);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL duk_regconst_t duk__ivalue_totempconst(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_ivalue *x);

/* identifier handling */
DUK_LOCAL_DECL duk_reg_t duk__lookup_active_register_binding(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL duk_bool_t duk__lookup_lhs(duk_compiler_ctx *ctx, duk_reg_t *out_reg_varbind, duk_regconst_t *out_rc_varname);

/* label handling */
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__add_label(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_hstring *h_label, duk_int_t pc_label, duk_int_t label_id);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__update_label_flags(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_int_t label_id, duk_small_uint_t flags);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__lookup_active_label(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_hstring *h_label, duk_bool_t is_break, duk_int_t *out_label_id, duk_int_t *out_label_catch_depth, duk_int_t *out_label_pc, duk_bool_t *out_is_closest);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__reset_labels_to_length(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_int_t len);

/* top-down expression parser */
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__expr_nud(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_ivalue *res);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__expr_led(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_ivalue *left, duk_ivalue *res);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL duk_small_uint_t duk__expr_lbp(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL duk_bool_t duk__expr_is_empty(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx);

/* exprtop is the top level variant which resets nud/led counts */
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__expr(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_ivalue *res, duk_small_uint_t rbp_flags);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__exprtop(duk_compiler_ctx *ctx, duk_ivalue *res, duk_small_uint_t rbp_flags);

/* convenience helpers */
#if 0  /* unused */
DUK_LOCAL_DECL duk_reg_t duk__expr_toreg(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_ivalue *res, duk_small_uint_t rbp_flags);
#endif
#if 0  /* unused */
DUK_LOCAL_DECL duk_reg_t duk__expr_totemp(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_ivalue *res, duk_small_uint_t rbp_flags);
#endif
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__expr_toforcedreg(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_ivalue *res, duk_small_uint_t rbp_flags, duk_reg_t forced_reg);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL duk_regconst_t duk__expr_toregconst(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_ivalue *res, duk_small_uint_t rbp_flags);
#if 0  /* unused */
DUK_LOCAL_DECL duk_regconst_t duk__expr_totempconst(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_ivalue *res, duk_small_uint_t rbp_flags);
#endif
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__expr_toplain(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_ivalue *res, duk_small_uint_t rbp_flags);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__expr_toplain_ignore(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_ivalue *res, duk_small_uint_t rbp_flags);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL duk_reg_t duk__exprtop_toreg(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_ivalue *res, duk_small_uint_t rbp_flags);
#if 0  /* unused */
DUK_LOCAL_DECL duk_reg_t duk__exprtop_totemp(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_ivalue *res, duk_small_uint_t rbp_flags);
#endif
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__exprtop_toforcedreg(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_ivalue *res, duk_small_uint_t rbp_flags, duk_reg_t forced_reg);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL duk_regconst_t duk__exprtop_toregconst(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_ivalue *res, duk_small_uint_t rbp_flags);
#if 0  /* unused */
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__exprtop_toplain_ignore(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_ivalue *res, duk_small_uint_t rbp_flags);
#endif

/* expression parsing helpers */
DUK_LOCAL_DECL duk_int_t duk__parse_arguments(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_ivalue *res);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__nud_array_literal(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_ivalue *res);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__nud_object_literal(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_ivalue *res);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL duk_bool_t duk__nud_object_literal_key_check(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_small_uint_t new_key_flags);

/* statement parsing */
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__parse_var_decl(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_ivalue *res, duk_small_uint_t expr_flags, duk_reg_t *out_reg_varbind, duk_regconst_t *out_rc_varname);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__parse_var_stmt(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_ivalue *res, duk_small_uint_t expr_flags);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__parse_for_stmt(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_ivalue *res, duk_int_t pc_label_site);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__parse_switch_stmt(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_ivalue *res, duk_int_t pc_label_site);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__parse_if_stmt(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_ivalue *res);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__parse_do_stmt(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_ivalue *res, duk_int_t pc_label_site);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__parse_while_stmt(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_ivalue *res, duk_int_t pc_label_site);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__parse_break_or_continue_stmt(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_ivalue *res);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__parse_return_stmt(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_ivalue *res);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__parse_throw_stmt(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_ivalue *res);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__parse_try_stmt(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_ivalue *res);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__parse_with_stmt(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_ivalue *res);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__parse_stmt(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_ivalue *res, duk_bool_t allow_source_elem);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL duk_int_t duk__stmt_label_site(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_int_t label_id);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__parse_stmts(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_bool_t allow_source_elem, duk_bool_t expect_eof);

DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__parse_func_body(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_bool_t expect_eof, duk_bool_t implicit_return_value, duk_small_int_t expect_token);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__parse_func_formals(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__parse_func_like_raw(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_bool_t is_decl, duk_bool_t is_setget);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL duk_int_t duk__parse_func_like_fnum(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_bool_t is_decl, duk_bool_t is_setget);

/*
 *  Parser control values for tokens.  The token table is ordered by the
 *  DUK_TOK_XXX defines.
 *
 *  The binding powers are for lbp() use (i.e. for use in led() context).
 *  Binding powers are positive for typing convenience, and bits at the
 *  top should be reserved for flags.  Binding power step must be higher
 *  than 1 so that binding power "lbp - 1" can be used for right associative
 *  operators.  Currently a step of 2 is used (which frees one more bit for
 *  flags).
 */

/* XXX: actually single step levels would work just fine, clean up */

/* binding power "levels" (see doc/compiler.rst) */
#define DUK__BP_INVALID                0             /* always terminates led() */
#define DUK__BP_EOF                    2
#define DUK__BP_CLOSING                4             /* token closes expression, e.g. ')', ']' */
#define DUK__BP_FOR_EXPR               DUK__BP_CLOSING    /* bp to use when parsing a top level Expression */
#define DUK__BP_COMMA                  6
#define DUK__BP_ASSIGNMENT             8
#define DUK__BP_CONDITIONAL            10
#define DUK__BP_LOR                    12
#define DUK__BP_LAND                   14
#define DUK__BP_BOR                    16
#define DUK__BP_BXOR                   18
#define DUK__BP_BAND                   20
#define DUK__BP_EQUALITY               22
#define DUK__BP_RELATIONAL             24
#define DUK__BP_SHIFT                  26
#define DUK__BP_ADDITIVE               28
#define DUK__BP_MULTIPLICATIVE         30
#define DUK__BP_POSTFIX                32
#define DUK__BP_CALL                   34
#define DUK__BP_MEMBER                 36

#define DUK__TOKEN_LBP_BP_MASK         0x1f
#define DUK__TOKEN_LBP_FLAG_NO_REGEXP  (1 << 5)   /* regexp literal must not follow this token */
#define DUK__TOKEN_LBP_FLAG_TERMINATES (1 << 6)   /* terminates expression; e.g. post-increment/-decrement */
#define DUK__TOKEN_LBP_FLAG_UNUSED     (1 << 7)   /* spare */

#define DUK__TOKEN_LBP_GET_BP(x)       ((duk_small_uint_t) (((x) & DUK__TOKEN_LBP_BP_MASK) * 2))

#define DUK__MK_LBP(bp)                ((bp) >> 1)    /* bp is assumed to be even */
#define DUK__MK_LBP_FLAGS(bp,flags)    (((bp) >> 1) | (flags))

DUK_LOCAL const duk_uint8_t duk__token_lbp[] = {
	DUK__MK_LBP(DUK__BP_EOF),                                 /* DUK_TOK_EOF */
	DUK__MK_LBP_FLAGS(DUK__BP_INVALID, DUK__TOKEN_LBP_FLAG_NO_REGEXP),  /* DUK_TOK_IDENTIFIER */
	DUK__MK_LBP(DUK__BP_INVALID),                             /* DUK_TOK_BREAK */
	DUK__MK_LBP(DUK__BP_INVALID),                             /* DUK_TOK_CASE */
	DUK__MK_LBP(DUK__BP_INVALID),                             /* DUK_TOK_CATCH */
	DUK__MK_LBP(DUK__BP_INVALID),                             /* DUK_TOK_CONTINUE */
	DUK__MK_LBP(DUK__BP_INVALID),                             /* DUK_TOK_DEBUGGER */
	DUK__MK_LBP(DUK__BP_INVALID),                             /* DUK_TOK_DEFAULT */
	DUK__MK_LBP(DUK__BP_INVALID),                             /* DUK_TOK_DELETE */
	DUK__MK_LBP(DUK__BP_INVALID),                             /* DUK_TOK_DO */
	DUK__MK_LBP(DUK__BP_INVALID),                             /* DUK_TOK_ELSE */
	DUK__MK_LBP(DUK__BP_INVALID),                             /* DUK_TOK_FINALLY */
	DUK__MK_LBP(DUK__BP_INVALID),                             /* DUK_TOK_FOR */
	DUK__MK_LBP(DUK__BP_INVALID),                             /* DUK_TOK_FUNCTION */
	DUK__MK_LBP(DUK__BP_INVALID),                             /* DUK_TOK_IF */
	DUK__MK_LBP(DUK__BP_RELATIONAL),                          /* DUK_TOK_IN */
	DUK__MK_LBP(DUK__BP_RELATIONAL),                          /* DUK_TOK_INSTANCEOF */
	DUK__MK_LBP(DUK__BP_INVALID),                             /* DUK_TOK_NEW */
	DUK__MK_LBP(DUK__BP_INVALID),                             /* DUK_TOK_RETURN */
	DUK__MK_LBP(DUK__BP_INVALID),                             /* DUK_TOK_SWITCH */
	DUK__MK_LBP_FLAGS(DUK__BP_INVALID, DUK__TOKEN_LBP_FLAG_NO_REGEXP),  /* DUK_TOK_THIS */
	DUK__MK_LBP(DUK__BP_INVALID),                             /* DUK_TOK_THROW */
	DUK__MK_LBP(DUK__BP_INVALID),                             /* DUK_TOK_TRY */
	DUK__MK_LBP(DUK__BP_INVALID),                             /* DUK_TOK_TYPEOF */
	DUK__MK_LBP(DUK__BP_INVALID),                             /* DUK_TOK_VAR */
	DUK__MK_LBP(DUK__BP_INVALID),                             /* DUK_TOK_CONST */
	DUK__MK_LBP(DUK__BP_INVALID),                             /* DUK_TOK_VOID */
	DUK__MK_LBP(DUK__BP_INVALID),                             /* DUK_TOK_WHILE */
	DUK__MK_LBP(DUK__BP_INVALID),                             /* DUK_TOK_WITH */
	DUK__MK_LBP(DUK__BP_INVALID),                             /* DUK_TOK_CLASS */
	DUK__MK_LBP(DUK__BP_INVALID),                             /* DUK_TOK_ENUM */
	DUK__MK_LBP(DUK__BP_INVALID),                             /* DUK_TOK_EXPORT */
	DUK__MK_LBP(DUK__BP_INVALID),                             /* DUK_TOK_EXTENDS */
	DUK__MK_LBP(DUK__BP_INVALID),                             /* DUK_TOK_IMPORT */
	DUK__MK_LBP(DUK__BP_INVALID),                             /* DUK_TOK_SUPER */
	DUK__MK_LBP_FLAGS(DUK__BP_INVALID, DUK__TOKEN_LBP_FLAG_NO_REGEXP),  /* DUK_TOK_NULL */
	DUK__MK_LBP_FLAGS(DUK__BP_INVALID, DUK__TOKEN_LBP_FLAG_NO_REGEXP),  /* DUK_TOK_TRUE */
	DUK__MK_LBP_FLAGS(DUK__BP_INVALID, DUK__TOKEN_LBP_FLAG_NO_REGEXP),  /* DUK_TOK_FALSE */
	DUK__MK_LBP(DUK__BP_INVALID),                             /* DUK_TOK_GET */
	DUK__MK_LBP(DUK__BP_INVALID),                             /* DUK_TOK_SET */
	DUK__MK_LBP(DUK__BP_INVALID),                             /* DUK_TOK_IMPLEMENTS */
	DUK__MK_LBP(DUK__BP_INVALID),                             /* DUK_TOK_INTERFACE */
	DUK__MK_LBP(DUK__BP_INVALID),                             /* DUK_TOK_LET */
	DUK__MK_LBP(DUK__BP_INVALID),                             /* DUK_TOK_PACKAGE */
	DUK__MK_LBP(DUK__BP_INVALID),                             /* DUK_TOK_PRIVATE */
	DUK__MK_LBP(DUK__BP_INVALID),                             /* DUK_TOK_PROTECTED */
	DUK__MK_LBP(DUK__BP_INVALID),                             /* DUK_TOK_PUBLIC */
	DUK__MK_LBP(DUK__BP_INVALID),                             /* DUK_TOK_STATIC */
	DUK__MK_LBP(DUK__BP_INVALID),                             /* DUK_TOK_YIELD */
	DUK__MK_LBP(DUK__BP_INVALID),                             /* DUK_TOK_LCURLY */
	DUK__MK_LBP_FLAGS(DUK__BP_INVALID, DUK__TOKEN_LBP_FLAG_NO_REGEXP),  /* DUK_TOK_RCURLY */
	DUK__MK_LBP(DUK__BP_MEMBER),                              /* DUK_TOK_LBRACKET */
	DUK__MK_LBP_FLAGS(DUK__BP_CLOSING, DUK__TOKEN_LBP_FLAG_NO_REGEXP),  /* DUK_TOK_RBRACKET */
	DUK__MK_LBP(DUK__BP_CALL),                                /* DUK_TOK_LPAREN */
	DUK__MK_LBP_FLAGS(DUK__BP_CLOSING, DUK__TOKEN_LBP_FLAG_NO_REGEXP),  /* DUK_TOK_RPAREN */
	DUK__MK_LBP(DUK__BP_MEMBER),                              /* DUK_TOK_PERIOD */
	DUK__MK_LBP(DUK__BP_INVALID),                             /* DUK_TOK_SEMICOLON */
	DUK__MK_LBP(DUK__BP_COMMA),                               /* DUK_TOK_COMMA */
	DUK__MK_LBP(DUK__BP_RELATIONAL),                          /* DUK_TOK_LT */
	DUK__MK_LBP(DUK__BP_RELATIONAL),                          /* DUK_TOK_GT */
	DUK__MK_LBP(DUK__BP_RELATIONAL),                          /* DUK_TOK_LE */
	DUK__MK_LBP(DUK__BP_RELATIONAL),                          /* DUK_TOK_GE */
	DUK__MK_LBP(DUK__BP_EQUALITY),                            /* DUK_TOK_EQ */
	DUK__MK_LBP(DUK__BP_EQUALITY),                            /* DUK_TOK_NEQ */
	DUK__MK_LBP(DUK__BP_EQUALITY),                            /* DUK_TOK_SEQ */
	DUK__MK_LBP(DUK__BP_EQUALITY),                            /* DUK_TOK_SNEQ */
	DUK__MK_LBP(DUK__BP_ADDITIVE),                            /* DUK_TOK_ADD */
	DUK__MK_LBP(DUK__BP_ADDITIVE),                            /* DUK_TOK_SUB */
	DUK__MK_LBP(DUK__BP_MULTIPLICATIVE),                      /* DUK_TOK_MUL */
	DUK__MK_LBP(DUK__BP_MULTIPLICATIVE),                      /* DUK_TOK_DIV */
	DUK__MK_LBP(DUK__BP_MULTIPLICATIVE),                      /* DUK_TOK_MOD */
	DUK__MK_LBP(DUK__BP_POSTFIX),                             /* DUK_TOK_INCREMENT */
	DUK__MK_LBP(DUK__BP_POSTFIX),                             /* DUK_TOK_DECREMENT */
	DUK__MK_LBP(DUK__BP_SHIFT),                               /* DUK_TOK_ALSHIFT */
	DUK__MK_LBP(DUK__BP_SHIFT),                               /* DUK_TOK_ARSHIFT */
	DUK__MK_LBP(DUK__BP_SHIFT),                               /* DUK_TOK_RSHIFT */
	DUK__MK_LBP(DUK__BP_BAND),                                /* DUK_TOK_BAND */
	DUK__MK_LBP(DUK__BP_BOR),                                 /* DUK_TOK_BOR */
	DUK__MK_LBP(DUK__BP_BXOR),                                /* DUK_TOK_BXOR */
	DUK__MK_LBP(DUK__BP_INVALID),                             /* DUK_TOK_LNOT */
	DUK__MK_LBP(DUK__BP_INVALID),                             /* DUK_TOK_BNOT */
	DUK__MK_LBP(DUK__BP_LAND),                                /* DUK_TOK_LAND */
	DUK__MK_LBP(DUK__BP_LOR),                                 /* DUK_TOK_LOR */
	DUK__MK_LBP(DUK__BP_CONDITIONAL),                         /* DUK_TOK_QUESTION */
	DUK__MK_LBP(DUK__BP_INVALID),                             /* DUK_TOK_COLON */
	DUK__MK_LBP(DUK__BP_ASSIGNMENT),                          /* DUK_TOK_EQUALSIGN */
	DUK__MK_LBP(DUK__BP_ASSIGNMENT),                          /* DUK_TOK_ADD_EQ */
	DUK__MK_LBP(DUK__BP_ASSIGNMENT),                          /* DUK_TOK_SUB_EQ */
	DUK__MK_LBP(DUK__BP_ASSIGNMENT),                          /* DUK_TOK_MUL_EQ */
	DUK__MK_LBP(DUK__BP_ASSIGNMENT),                          /* DUK_TOK_DIV_EQ */
	DUK__MK_LBP(DUK__BP_ASSIGNMENT),                          /* DUK_TOK_MOD_EQ */
	DUK__MK_LBP(DUK__BP_ASSIGNMENT),                          /* DUK_TOK_ALSHIFT_EQ */
	DUK__MK_LBP(DUK__BP_ASSIGNMENT),                          /* DUK_TOK_ARSHIFT_EQ */
	DUK__MK_LBP(DUK__BP_ASSIGNMENT),                          /* DUK_TOK_RSHIFT_EQ */
	DUK__MK_LBP(DUK__BP_ASSIGNMENT),                          /* DUK_TOK_BAND_EQ */
	DUK__MK_LBP(DUK__BP_ASSIGNMENT),                          /* DUK_TOK_BOR_EQ */
	DUK__MK_LBP(DUK__BP_ASSIGNMENT),                          /* DUK_TOK_BXOR_EQ */
	DUK__MK_LBP_FLAGS(DUK__BP_INVALID, DUK__TOKEN_LBP_FLAG_NO_REGEXP),  /* DUK_TOK_NUMBER */
	DUK__MK_LBP_FLAGS(DUK__BP_INVALID, DUK__TOKEN_LBP_FLAG_NO_REGEXP),  /* DUK_TOK_STRING */
	DUK__MK_LBP_FLAGS(DUK__BP_INVALID, DUK__TOKEN_LBP_FLAG_NO_REGEXP),  /* DUK_TOK_REGEXP */
};

/*
 *  Misc helpers
 */

DUK_LOCAL void duk__recursion_increase(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx) {
	DUK_ASSERT(comp_ctx != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(comp_ctx->recursion_depth >= 0);
	if (comp_ctx->recursion_depth >= comp_ctx->recursion_limit) {
		DUK_ERROR_RANGE(comp_ctx->thr, DUK_STR_COMPILER_RECURSION_LIMIT);
	}
	comp_ctx->recursion_depth++;
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__recursion_decrease(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx) {
	DUK_ASSERT(comp_ctx != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(comp_ctx->recursion_depth > 0);
	comp_ctx->recursion_depth--;
}

DUK_LOCAL duk_bool_t duk__hstring_is_eval_or_arguments(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_hstring *h) {
	DUK_UNREF(comp_ctx);
	DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);
	return DUK_HSTRING_HAS_EVAL_OR_ARGUMENTS(h);
}

DUK_LOCAL duk_bool_t duk__hstring_is_eval_or_arguments_in_strict_mode(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_hstring *h) {
	DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);
	return (comp_ctx->curr_func.is_strict &&
	        DUK_HSTRING_HAS_EVAL_OR_ARGUMENTS(h));
}

/*
 *  Parser duk__advance() token eating functions
 */

/* XXX: valstack handling is awkward.  Add a valstack helper which
 * avoids dup():ing; valstack_copy(src, dst)?
 */

DUK_LOCAL void duk__advance_helper(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_small_int_t expect) {
	duk_hthread *thr = comp_ctx->thr;
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk_bool_t regexp;

	DUK_ASSERT(comp_ctx->curr_token.t >= 0 && comp_ctx->curr_token.t <= DUK_TOK_MAXVAL);  /* MAXVAL is inclusive */

	/*
	 *  Use current token to decide whether a RegExp can follow.
	 *
	 *  We can use either 't' or 't_nores'; the latter would not
	 *  recognize keywords.  Some keywords can be followed by a
	 *  RegExp (e.g. "return"), so using 't' is better.  This is
	 *  not trivial, see doc/compiler.rst.
	 */

	regexp = 1;
	if (duk__token_lbp[comp_ctx->curr_token.t] & DUK__TOKEN_LBP_FLAG_NO_REGEXP) {
		regexp = 0;
	}
	if (comp_ctx->curr_func.reject_regexp_in_adv) {
		comp_ctx->curr_func.reject_regexp_in_adv = 0;
		regexp = 0;
	}

	if (expect >= 0 && comp_ctx->curr_token.t != expect) {
		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("parse error: expect=%ld, got=%ld",
		                 (long) expect, (long) comp_ctx->curr_token.t));
		DUK_ERROR_SYNTAX(thr, DUK_STR_PARSE_ERROR);
	}

	/* make current token the previous; need to fiddle with valstack "backing store" */
	DUK_MEMCPY(&comp_ctx->prev_token, &comp_ctx->curr_token, sizeof(duk_token));
	duk_copy(ctx, comp_ctx->tok11_idx, comp_ctx->tok21_idx);
	duk_copy(ctx, comp_ctx->tok12_idx, comp_ctx->tok22_idx);

	/* parse new token */
	duk_lexer_parse_js_input_element(&comp_ctx->lex,
	                                 &comp_ctx->curr_token,
	                                 comp_ctx->curr_func.is_strict,
	                                 regexp);

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("advance: curr: tok=%ld/%ld,%ld,term=%ld,%!T,%!T "
	                     "prev: tok=%ld/%ld,%ld,term=%ld,%!T,%!T",
	                     (long) comp_ctx->curr_token.t,
	                     (long) comp_ctx->curr_token.t_nores,
	                     (long) comp_ctx->curr_token.start_line,
	                     (long) comp_ctx->curr_token.lineterm,
	                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, comp_ctx->tok11_idx),
	                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, comp_ctx->tok12_idx),
	                     (long) comp_ctx->prev_token.t,
	                     (long) comp_ctx->prev_token.t_nores,
	                     (long) comp_ctx->prev_token.start_line,
	                     (long) comp_ctx->prev_token.lineterm,
	                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, comp_ctx->tok21_idx),
	                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, comp_ctx->tok22_idx)));
}

/* advance, expecting current token to be a specific token; parse next token in regexp context */
DUK_LOCAL void duk__advance_expect(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_small_int_t expect) {
	duk__advance_helper(comp_ctx, expect);
}

/* advance, whatever the current token is; parse next token in regexp context */
DUK_LOCAL void duk__advance(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx) {
	duk__advance_helper(comp_ctx, -1);
}

/*
 *  Helpers for duk_compiler_func.
 */

/* init function state: inits valstack allocations */
DUK_LOCAL void duk__init_func_valstack_slots(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx) {
	duk_compiler_func *func = &comp_ctx->curr_func;
	duk_hthread *thr = comp_ctx->thr;
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk_idx_t entry_top;

	entry_top = duk_get_top(ctx);

	DUK_MEMZERO(func, sizeof(*func));  /* intentional overlap with earlier memzero */
#ifdef DUK_USE_EXPLICIT_NULL_INIT
	func->h_name = NULL;
	func->h_consts = NULL;
	func->h_funcs = NULL;
	func->h_decls = NULL;
	func->h_labelnames = NULL;
	func->h_labelinfos = NULL;
	func->h_argnames = NULL;
	func->h_varmap = NULL;
#endif

	duk_require_stack(ctx, DUK__FUNCTION_INIT_REQUIRE_SLOTS);

	DUK_BW_INIT_PUSHBUF(thr, &func->bw_code, DUK__BC_INITIAL_INSTS * sizeof(duk_compiler_instr));
	/* code_idx = entry_top + 0 */

	duk_push_array(ctx);
	func->consts_idx = entry_top + 1;
	func->h_consts = DUK_GET_HOBJECT_POSIDX(ctx, entry_top + 1);
	DUK_ASSERT(func->h_consts != NULL);

	duk_push_array(ctx);
	func->funcs_idx = entry_top + 2;
	func->h_funcs = DUK_GET_HOBJECT_POSIDX(ctx, entry_top + 2);
	DUK_ASSERT(func->h_funcs != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(func->fnum_next == 0);

	duk_push_array(ctx);
	func->decls_idx = entry_top + 3;
	func->h_decls = DUK_GET_HOBJECT_POSIDX(ctx, entry_top + 3);
	DUK_ASSERT(func->h_decls != NULL);

	duk_push_array(ctx);
	func->labelnames_idx = entry_top + 4;
	func->h_labelnames = DUK_GET_HOBJECT_POSIDX(ctx, entry_top + 4);
	DUK_ASSERT(func->h_labelnames != NULL);

	duk_push_dynamic_buffer(ctx, 0);
	func->labelinfos_idx = entry_top + 5;
	func->h_labelinfos = (duk_hbuffer_dynamic *) duk_get_hbuffer(ctx, entry_top + 5);
	DUK_ASSERT(func->h_labelinfos != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HBUFFER_HAS_DYNAMIC(func->h_labelinfos) && !DUK_HBUFFER_HAS_EXTERNAL(func->h_labelinfos));

	duk_push_array(ctx);
	func->argnames_idx = entry_top + 6;
	func->h_argnames = DUK_GET_HOBJECT_POSIDX(ctx, entry_top + 6);
	DUK_ASSERT(func->h_argnames != NULL);

	duk_push_object_internal(ctx);
	func->varmap_idx = entry_top + 7;
	func->h_varmap = DUK_GET_HOBJECT_POSIDX(ctx, entry_top + 7);
	DUK_ASSERT(func->h_varmap != NULL);
}

/* reset function state (prepare for pass 2) */
DUK_LOCAL void duk__reset_func_for_pass2(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx) {
	duk_compiler_func *func = &comp_ctx->curr_func;
	duk_hthread *thr = comp_ctx->thr;
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;

	/* reset bytecode buffer but keep current size; pass 2 will
	 * require same amount or more.
	 */
	DUK_BW_RESET_SIZE(thr, &func->bw_code);

	duk_hobject_set_length_zero(thr, func->h_consts);
	/* keep func->h_funcs; inner functions are not reparsed to avoid O(depth^2) parsing */
	func->fnum_next = 0;
	/* duk_hobject_set_length_zero(thr, func->h_funcs); */
	duk_hobject_set_length_zero(thr, func->h_labelnames);
	duk_hbuffer_reset(thr, func->h_labelinfos);
	/* keep func->h_argnames; it is fixed for all passes */

	/* truncated in case pass 3 needed */
	duk_push_object_internal(ctx);
	duk_replace(ctx, func->varmap_idx);
	func->h_varmap = DUK_GET_HOBJECT_POSIDX(ctx, func->varmap_idx);
	DUK_ASSERT(func->h_varmap != NULL);
}

/* cleanup varmap from any null entries, compact it, etc; returns number
 * of final entries after cleanup.
 */
DUK_LOCAL duk_int_t duk__cleanup_varmap(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx) {
	duk_hthread *thr = comp_ctx->thr;
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk_hobject *h_varmap;
	duk_hstring *h_key;
	duk_tval *tv;
	duk_uint32_t i, e_next;
	duk_int_t ret;

	/* [ ... varmap ] */

	h_varmap = DUK_GET_HOBJECT_NEGIDX(ctx, -1);
	DUK_ASSERT(h_varmap != NULL);

	ret = 0;
	e_next = DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ENEXT(h_varmap);
	for (i = 0; i < e_next; i++) {
		h_key = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_KEY(thr->heap, h_varmap, i);
		if (!h_key) {
			continue;
		}

		DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HOBJECT_E_SLOT_IS_ACCESSOR(thr->heap, h_varmap, i));

		/* The entries can either be register numbers or 'null' values.
		 * Thus, no need to DECREF them and get side effects.  DECREF'ing
		 * the keys (strings) can cause memory to be freed but no side
		 * effects as strings don't have finalizers.  This is why we can
		 * rely on the object properties not changing from underneath us.
		 */

		tv = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_TVAL_PTR(thr->heap, h_varmap, i);
		if (!DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv)) {
			DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_TVAL_IS_HEAP_ALLOCATED(tv));
			DUK_HOBJECT_E_SET_KEY(thr->heap, h_varmap, i, NULL);
			DUK_HSTRING_DECREF(thr, h_key);
			/* when key is NULL, value is garbage so no need to set */
		} else {
			ret++;
		}
	}

	duk_compact(ctx, -1);

	return ret;
}

/* convert duk_compiler_func into a function template, leaving the result
 * on top of stack.
 */
/* XXX: awkward and bloated asm -- use faster internal accesses */
DUK_LOCAL void duk__convert_to_func_template(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_bool_t force_no_namebind) {
	duk_compiler_func *func = &comp_ctx->curr_func;
	duk_hthread *thr = comp_ctx->thr;
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk_hcompiledfunction *h_res;
	duk_hbuffer_fixed *h_data;
	duk_size_t consts_count;
	duk_size_t funcs_count;
	duk_size_t code_count;
	duk_size_t code_size;
	duk_size_t data_size;
	duk_size_t i;
	duk_tval *p_const;
	duk_hobject **p_func;
	duk_instr_t *p_instr;
	duk_compiler_instr *q_instr;
	duk_tval *tv;

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("converting duk_compiler_func to function/template"));

	/*
	 *  Push result object and init its flags
	 */

	/* Valstack should suffice here, required on function valstack init */

	(void) duk_push_compiledfunction(ctx);
	h_res = (duk_hcompiledfunction *) DUK_GET_HOBJECT_NEGIDX(ctx, -1);  /* XXX: specific getter */
	DUK_ASSERT(h_res != NULL);

	if (func->is_function) {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("function -> set NEWENV"));
		DUK_HOBJECT_SET_NEWENV((duk_hobject *) h_res);

		if (!func->is_arguments_shadowed) {
			/* arguments object would be accessible; note that shadowing
			 * bindings are arguments or function declarations, neither
			 * of which are deletable, so this is safe.
			 */

			if (func->id_access_arguments || func->may_direct_eval) {
				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("function may access 'arguments' object directly or "
				                     "indirectly -> set CREATEARGS"));
				DUK_HOBJECT_SET_CREATEARGS((duk_hobject *) h_res);
			}
		}
	} else if (func->is_eval && func->is_strict) {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("strict eval code -> set NEWENV"));
		DUK_HOBJECT_SET_NEWENV((duk_hobject *) h_res);
	} else {
		/* non-strict eval: env is caller's env or global env (direct vs. indirect call)
		 * global code: env is is global env
		 */
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("non-strict eval code or global code -> no NEWENV"));
		DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_NEWENV((duk_hobject *) h_res));
	}

	if (func->is_function && !func->is_decl && func->h_name != NULL && !force_no_namebind) {
		/* Object literal set/get functions have a name (property
		 * name) but must not have a lexical name binding, see
		 * test-bug-getset-func-name.js.
		 */
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("function expression with a name -> set NAMEBINDING"));
		DUK_HOBJECT_SET_NAMEBINDING((duk_hobject *) h_res);
	}

	if (func->is_strict) {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("function is strict -> set STRICT"));
		DUK_HOBJECT_SET_STRICT((duk_hobject *) h_res);
	}

	if (func->is_notail) {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("function is notail -> set NOTAIL"));
		DUK_HOBJECT_SET_NOTAIL((duk_hobject *) h_res);
	}

	/*
	 *  Build function fixed size 'data' buffer, which contains bytecode,
	 *  constants, and inner function references.
	 *
	 *  During the building phase 'data' is reachable but incomplete.
	 *  Only incref's occur during building (no refzero or GC happens),
	 *  so the building process is atomic.
	 */

	consts_count = duk_hobject_get_length(thr, func->h_consts);
	funcs_count = duk_hobject_get_length(thr, func->h_funcs) / 3;
	code_count = DUK_BW_GET_SIZE(thr, &func->bw_code) / sizeof(duk_compiler_instr);
	code_size = code_count * sizeof(duk_instr_t);

	data_size = consts_count * sizeof(duk_tval) +
	            funcs_count * sizeof(duk_hobject *) +
	            code_size;

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("consts_count=%ld, funcs_count=%ld, code_size=%ld -> "
	                     "data_size=%ld*%ld + %ld*%ld + %ld = %ld",
	                     (long) consts_count, (long) funcs_count, (long) code_size,
	                     (long) consts_count, (long) sizeof(duk_tval),
	                     (long) funcs_count, (long) sizeof(duk_hobject *),
	                     (long) code_size, (long) data_size));

	duk_push_fixed_buffer(ctx, data_size);
	h_data = (duk_hbuffer_fixed *) duk_get_hbuffer(ctx, -1);
	DUK_ASSERT(h_data != NULL);

	DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_SET_DATA(thr->heap, h_res, (duk_hbuffer *) h_data);
	DUK_HEAPHDR_INCREF(thr, h_data);

	p_const = (duk_tval *) (void *) DUK_HBUFFER_FIXED_GET_DATA_PTR(thr->heap, h_data);
	for (i = 0; i < consts_count; i++) {
		DUK_ASSERT(i <= DUK_UARRIDX_MAX);  /* const limits */
		tv = duk_hobject_find_existing_array_entry_tval_ptr(thr->heap, func->h_consts, (duk_uarridx_t) i);
		DUK_ASSERT(tv != NULL);
		DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL(p_const, tv);
		p_const++;
		DUK_TVAL_INCREF(thr, tv);  /* may be a string constant */

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("constant: %!T", (duk_tval *) tv));
	}

	p_func = (duk_hobject **) p_const;
	DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_SET_FUNCS(thr->heap, h_res, p_func);
	for (i = 0; i < funcs_count; i++) {
		duk_hobject *h;
		DUK_ASSERT(i * 3 <= DUK_UARRIDX_MAX);  /* func limits */
		tv = duk_hobject_find_existing_array_entry_tval_ptr(thr->heap, func->h_funcs, (duk_uarridx_t) (i * 3));
		DUK_ASSERT(tv != NULL);
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_OBJECT(tv));
		h = DUK_TVAL_GET_OBJECT(tv);
		DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_IS_COMPILEDFUNCTION(h));
		*p_func++ = h;
		DUK_HOBJECT_INCREF(thr, h);

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("inner function: %p -> %!iO",
		                     (void *) h, (duk_heaphdr *) h));
	}

	p_instr = (duk_instr_t *) p_func;
	DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_SET_BYTECODE(thr->heap, h_res, p_instr);

	/* copy bytecode instructions one at a time */
	q_instr = (duk_compiler_instr *) (void *) DUK_BW_GET_BASEPTR(thr, &func->bw_code);
	for (i = 0; i < code_count; i++) {
		p_instr[i] = q_instr[i].ins;
	}
	/* Note: 'q_instr' is still used below */

	DUK_ASSERT((duk_uint8_t *) (p_instr + code_count) == DUK_HBUFFER_FIXED_GET_DATA_PTR(thr->heap, h_data) + data_size);

	duk_pop(ctx);  /* 'data' (and everything in it) is reachable through h_res now */

	/*
	 *  Init object properties
	 *
	 *  Properties should be added in decreasing order of access frequency.
	 *  (Not very critical for function templates.)
	 */

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("init function properties"));

	/* [ ... res ] */

	/* _Varmap: omitted if function is guaranteed not to do slow path identifier
	 * accesses or if it would turn out to be empty of actual register mappings
	 * after a cleanup.  When debugging is enabled, we always need the varmap to
	 * be able to lookup variables at any point.
	 */
#if defined(DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_SUPPORT)
	if (1) {
#else
	if (func->id_access_slow ||     /* directly uses slow accesses */
	    func->may_direct_eval ||    /* may indirectly slow access through a direct eval */
	    funcs_count > 0) {          /* has inner functions which may slow access (XXX: this can be optimized by looking at the inner functions) */
#endif
		duk_int_t num_used;
		duk_dup(ctx, func->varmap_idx);
		num_used = duk__cleanup_varmap(comp_ctx);
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("cleaned up varmap: %!T (num_used=%ld)",
		                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1), (long) num_used));

		if (num_used > 0) {
			duk_xdef_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_INT_VARMAP, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_NONE);
		} else {
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("varmap is empty after cleanup -> no need to add"));
			duk_pop(ctx);
		}
	}

	/* _Formals: omitted if function is guaranteed not to need a (non-strict) arguments object */
	if (1) {
		/* XXX: Add a proper condition.  If formals list is omitted, recheck
		 * handling for 'length' in duk_js_push_closure(); it currently relies
		 * on _Formals being set.  Removal may need to be conditional to debugging
		 * being enabled/disabled too.
		 */
		duk_dup(ctx, func->argnames_idx);
		duk_xdef_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_INT_FORMALS, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_NONE);
	}

	/* name */
	if (func->h_name) {
		duk_push_hstring(ctx, func->h_name);
		duk_xdef_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_NAME, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_NONE);
	}

	/* _Source */
#if defined(DUK_USE_NONSTD_FUNC_SOURCE_PROPERTY)
	if (0) {
		/* XXX: Currently function source code is not stored, as it is not
		 * required by the standard.  Source code should not be stored by
		 * default (user should enable it explicitly), and the source should
		 * probably be compressed with a trivial text compressor; average
		 * compression of 20-30% is quite easy to achieve even with a trivial
		 * compressor (RLE + backwards lookup).
		 *
		 * Debugging needs source code to be useful: sometimes input code is
		 * not found in files as it may be generated and then eval()'d, given
		 * by dynamic C code, etc.
		 *
		 * Other issues:
		 *
		 *   - Need tokenizer indices for start and end to substring
		 *   - Always normalize function declaration part?
		 *   - If we keep _Formals, only need to store body
		 */

		/*
		 *  For global or eval code this is straightforward.  For functions
		 *  created with the Function constructor we only get the source for
		 *  the body and must manufacture the "function ..." part.
		 *
		 *  For instance, for constructed functions (v8):
		 *
		 *    > a = new Function("foo", "bar", "print(foo)");
		 *    [Function]
		 *    > a.toString()
		 *    'function anonymous(foo,bar) {\nprint(foo)\n}'
		 *
		 *  Similarly for e.g. getters (v8):
		 *
		 *    > x = { get a(foo,bar) { print(foo); } }
		 *    { a: [Getter] }
		 *    > Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(x, 'a').get.toString()
		 *    'function a(foo,bar) { print(foo); }'
		 */

#if 0
		duk_push_string(ctx, "XXX");
		duk_xdef_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_INT_SOURCE, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_NONE);
#endif
	}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_NONSTD_FUNC_SOURCE_PROPERTY */

	/* _Pc2line */
#if defined(DUK_USE_PC2LINE)
	if (1) {
		/*
		 *  Size-optimized pc->line mapping.
		 */

		DUK_ASSERT(code_count <= DUK_COMPILER_MAX_BYTECODE_LENGTH);
		duk_hobject_pc2line_pack(thr, q_instr, (duk_uint_fast32_t) code_count);  /* -> pushes fixed buffer */
		duk_xdef_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_INT_PC2LINE, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_NONE);

		/* XXX: if assertions enabled, walk through all valid PCs
		 * and check line mapping.
		 */
	}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_PC2LINE */

	/* fileName */
	if (comp_ctx->h_filename) {
		/*
		 *  Source filename (or equivalent), for identifying thrown errors.
		 */

		duk_push_hstring(ctx, comp_ctx->h_filename);
		duk_xdef_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_FILE_NAME, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_NONE);
	}

	/*
	 *  Init remaining result fields
	 *
	 *  'nregs' controls how large a register frame is allocated.
	 *
	 *  'nargs' controls how many formal arguments are written to registers:
	 *  r0, ... r(nargs-1).  The remaining registers are initialized to
	 *  undefined.
	 */

	DUK_ASSERT(func->temp_max >= 0);
	h_res->nregs = (duk_uint16_t) func->temp_max;
	h_res->nargs = (duk_uint16_t) duk_hobject_get_length(thr, func->h_argnames);
	DUK_ASSERT(h_res->nregs >= h_res->nargs);  /* pass2 allocation handles this */
#if defined(DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_SUPPORT)
	h_res->start_line = (duk_uint32_t) func->min_line;
	h_res->end_line = (duk_uint32_t) func->max_line;
#endif

	DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("converted function: %!ixT",
	                   (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));

	/*
	 *  Compact the function template.
	 */

	duk_compact(ctx, -1);

	/*
	 *  Debug dumping
	 */

#ifdef DUK_USE_DDDPRINT
	{
		duk_hcompiledfunction *h;
		duk_instr_t *p, *p_start, *p_end;

		h = (duk_hcompiledfunction *) duk_get_hobject(ctx, -1);
		p_start = (duk_instr_t *) DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_CODE_BASE(thr->heap, h);
		p_end = (duk_instr_t *) DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_CODE_END(thr->heap, h);

		p = p_start;
		while (p < p_end) {
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("BC %04ld: %!I        ; 0x%08lx op=%ld (%!C) a=%ld b=%ld c=%ld",
			                     (long) (p - p_start),
			                     (duk_instr_t) (*p),
			                     (unsigned long) (*p),
			                     (long) DUK_DEC_OP(*p),
			                     (long) DUK_DEC_OP(*p),
			                     (long) DUK_DEC_A(*p),
			                     (long) DUK_DEC_B(*p),
			                     (long) DUK_DEC_C(*p)));
			p++;
		}
	}
#endif
}

/*
 *  Code emission helpers
 *
 *  Some emission helpers understand the range of target and source reg/const
 *  values and automatically emit shuffling code if necessary.  This is the
 *  case when the slot in question (A, B, C) is used in the standard way and
 *  for opcodes the emission helpers explicitly understand (like DUK_OP_CALL).
 *
 *  The standard way is that:
 *    - slot A is a target register
 *    - slot B is a source register/constant
 *    - slot C is a source register/constant
 *
 *  If a slot is used in a non-standard way the caller must indicate this
 *  somehow.  If a slot is used as a target instead of a source (or vice
 *  versa), this can be indicated with a flag to trigger proper shuffling
 *  (e.g. DUK__EMIT_FLAG_B_IS_TARGET).  If the value in the slot is not
 *  register/const related at all, the caller must ensure that the raw value
 *  fits into the corresponding slot so as to not trigger shuffling.  The
 *  caller must set a "no shuffle" flag to ensure compilation fails if
 *  shuffling were to be triggered because of an internal error.
 *
 *  For slots B and C the raw slot size is 9 bits but one bit is reserved for
 *  the reg/const indicator.  To use the full 9-bit range for a raw value,
 *  shuffling must be disabled with the DUK__EMIT_FLAG_NO_SHUFFLE_{B,C} flag.
 *  Shuffling is only done for A, B, and C slots, not the larger BC or ABC slots.
 *
 *  There is call handling specific understanding in the A-B-C emitter to
 *  convert call setup and call instructions into indirect ones if necessary.
 */

/* Code emission flags, passed in the 'opcode' field.  Opcode + flags
 * fit into 16 bits for now, so use duk_small_uint.t.
 */
#define DUK__EMIT_FLAG_NO_SHUFFLE_A      (1 << 8)
#define DUK__EMIT_FLAG_NO_SHUFFLE_B      (1 << 9)
#define DUK__EMIT_FLAG_NO_SHUFFLE_C      (1 << 10)
#define DUK__EMIT_FLAG_A_IS_SOURCE       (1 << 11)  /* slot A is a source (default: target) */
#define DUK__EMIT_FLAG_B_IS_TARGET       (1 << 12)  /* slot B is a target (default: source) */
#define DUK__EMIT_FLAG_C_IS_TARGET       (1 << 13)  /* slot C is a target (default: source) */
#define DUK__EMIT_FLAG_B_IS_TARGETSOURCE (1 << 14)  /* slot B is both a target and a source (used by extraops like DUK_EXTRAOP_INSTOF */
#define DUK__EMIT_FLAG_RESERVE_JUMPSLOT  (1 << 15)  /* reserve a jumpslot after instr before target spilling, used for NEXTENUM */

/* XXX: clarify on when and where DUK__CONST_MARKER is allowed */
/* XXX: opcode specific assertions on when consts are allowed */

/* XXX: macro smaller than call? */
DUK_LOCAL duk_int_t duk__get_current_pc(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx) {
	duk_compiler_func *func;
	func = &comp_ctx->curr_func;
	return (duk_int_t) (DUK_BW_GET_SIZE(comp_ctx->thr, &func->bw_code) / sizeof(duk_compiler_instr));
}

DUK_LOCAL duk_compiler_instr *duk__get_instr_ptr(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_int_t pc) {
	DUK_ASSERT(pc >= 0);
	DUK_ASSERT((duk_size_t) pc < (duk_size_t) (DUK_BW_GET_SIZE(comp_ctx->thr, &comp_ctx->curr_func.bw_code) / sizeof(duk_compiler_instr)));
	return ((duk_compiler_instr *) (void *) DUK_BW_GET_BASEPTR(comp_ctx->thr, &comp_ctx->curr_func.bw_code)) + pc;
}

/* emit instruction; could return PC but that's not needed in the majority
 * of cases.
 */
DUK_LOCAL void duk__emit(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_instr_t ins) {
#if defined(DUK_USE_PC2LINE)
	duk_int_t line;
#endif
	duk_compiler_instr *instr;

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("duk__emit: 0x%08lx curr_token.start_line=%ld prev_token.start_line=%ld pc=%ld --> %!I",
	                     (unsigned long) ins,
	                     (long) comp_ctx->curr_token.start_line,
	                     (long) comp_ctx->prev_token.start_line,
	                     (long) duk__get_current_pc(comp_ctx),
	                     (duk_instr_t) ins));

	instr = (duk_compiler_instr *) (void *) DUK_BW_ENSURE_GETPTR(comp_ctx->thr, &comp_ctx->curr_func.bw_code, sizeof(duk_compiler_instr));
	DUK_BW_ADD_PTR(comp_ctx->thr, &comp_ctx->curr_func.bw_code, sizeof(duk_compiler_instr));

#if defined(DUK_USE_PC2LINE)
	/* The line number tracking is a bit inconsistent right now, which
	 * affects debugger accuracy.  Mostly call sites emit opcodes when
	 * they have parsed a token (say a terminating semicolon) and called
	 * duk__advance().  In this case the line number of the previous
	 * token is the most accurate one (except in prologue where
	 * prev_token.start_line is 0).  This is probably not 100% correct
	 * right now.
	 */
	/* approximation, close enough */
	line = comp_ctx->prev_token.start_line;
	if (line == 0) {
		line = comp_ctx->curr_token.start_line;
	}
#endif

	instr->ins = ins;
#if defined(DUK_USE_PC2LINE)
	instr->line = line;
#endif
#if defined(DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_SUPPORT)
	if (line < comp_ctx->curr_func.min_line) {
		comp_ctx->curr_func.min_line = line;
	}
	if (line > comp_ctx->curr_func.max_line) {
		comp_ctx->curr_func.max_line = line;
	}
#endif

	/* Limit checks for bytecode byte size and line number. */
	if (DUK_UNLIKELY(DUK_BW_GET_SIZE(comp_ctx->thr, &comp_ctx->curr_func.bw_code) > DUK_USE_ESBC_MAX_BYTES)) {
		goto fail_bc_limit;
	}
#if defined(DUK_USE_PC2LINE) && defined(DUK_USE_ESBC_LIMITS)
#if defined(DUK_USE_BUFLEN16)
	/* Buffer length is bounded to 0xffff automatically, avoid compile warning. */
	if (DUK_UNLIKELY(line > DUK_USE_ESBC_MAX_LINENUMBER)) {
		goto fail_bc_limit;
	}
#else
	if (DUK_UNLIKELY(line > DUK_USE_ESBC_MAX_LINENUMBER)) {
		goto fail_bc_limit;
	}
#endif
#endif

	return;

  fail_bc_limit:
	DUK_ERROR_RANGE(comp_ctx->thr, DUK_STR_BYTECODE_LIMIT);
}

/* Update function min/max line from current token.  Needed to improve
 * function line range information for debugging, so that e.g. opening
 * curly brace is covered by line range even when no opcodes are emitted
 * for the line containing the brace.
 */
DUK_LOCAL void duk__update_lineinfo_currtoken(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx) {
#if defined(DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_SUPPORT)
	duk_int_t line;

	line = comp_ctx->curr_token.start_line;
	if (line == 0) {
		return;
	}
	if (line < comp_ctx->curr_func.min_line) {
		comp_ctx->curr_func.min_line = line;
	}
	if (line > comp_ctx->curr_func.max_line) {
		comp_ctx->curr_func.max_line = line;
	}
#else
	DUK_UNREF(comp_ctx);
#endif
}

#if 0 /* unused */
DUK_LOCAL void duk__emit_op_only(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_small_uint_t op) {
	duk__emit(comp_ctx, DUK_ENC_OP_ABC(op, 0));
}
#endif

/* Important main primitive. */
DUK_LOCAL void duk__emit_a_b_c(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_small_uint_t op_flags, duk_regconst_t a, duk_regconst_t b, duk_regconst_t c) {
	duk_instr_t ins = 0;
	duk_int_t a_out = -1;
	duk_int_t b_out = -1;
	duk_int_t c_out = -1;
	duk_int_t tmp;

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("emit: op_flags=%04lx, a=%ld, b=%ld, c=%ld",
	                     (unsigned long) op_flags, (long) a, (long) b, (long) c));

	/* We could rely on max temp/const checks: if they don't exceed BC
	 * limit, nothing here can either (just asserts would be enough).
	 * Currently we check for the limits, which provides additional
	 * protection against creating invalid bytecode due to compiler
	 * bugs.
	 */

	DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE((op_flags & 0xff) >= DUK_BC_OP_MIN);  /* unsigned */
	DUK_ASSERT((op_flags & 0xff) <= DUK_BC_OP_MAX);

	/* Input shuffling happens before the actual operation, while output
	 * shuffling happens afterwards.  Output shuffling decisions are still
	 * made at the same time to reduce branch clutter; output shuffle decisions
	 * are recorded into X_out variables.
	 */

	/* Slot A */

#if defined(DUK_USE_SHUFFLE_TORTURE)
	if (a <= DUK_BC_A_MAX && (op_flags & DUK__EMIT_FLAG_NO_SHUFFLE_A)) {
#else
	if (a <= DUK_BC_A_MAX) {
#endif
		;
	} else if (op_flags & DUK__EMIT_FLAG_NO_SHUFFLE_A) {
		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("out of regs: 'a' (reg) needs shuffling but shuffle prohibited, a: %ld", (long) a));
		goto error_outofregs;
	} else if (a <= DUK_BC_BC_MAX) {
		comp_ctx->curr_func.needs_shuffle = 1;
		tmp = comp_ctx->curr_func.shuffle1;
		if (op_flags & DUK__EMIT_FLAG_A_IS_SOURCE) {
			duk__emit(comp_ctx, DUK_ENC_OP_A_BC(DUK_OP_LDREG, tmp, a));
		} else {
			duk_small_int_t op = op_flags & 0xff;
			if (op == DUK_OP_CSVAR || op == DUK_OP_CSREG || op == DUK_OP_CSPROP) {
				/* Special handling for call setup instructions.  The target
				 * is expressed indirectly, but there is no output shuffling.
				 */
				DUK_ASSERT((op_flags & DUK__EMIT_FLAG_A_IS_SOURCE) == 0);
				duk__emit_load_int32_noshuffle(comp_ctx, tmp, a);
				DUK_ASSERT(DUK_OP_CSVARI == DUK_OP_CSVAR + 1);
				DUK_ASSERT(DUK_OP_CSREGI == DUK_OP_CSREG + 1);
				DUK_ASSERT(DUK_OP_CSPROPI == DUK_OP_CSPROP + 1);
				op_flags++;  /* indirect opcode follows direct */
			} else {
				/* Output shuffle needed after main operation */
				a_out = a;
			}
		}
		a = tmp;
	} else {
		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("out of regs: 'a' (reg) needs shuffling but does not fit into BC, a: %ld", (long) a));
		goto error_outofregs;
	}

	/* Slot B */

	if (b & DUK__CONST_MARKER) {
		DUK_ASSERT((op_flags & DUK__EMIT_FLAG_NO_SHUFFLE_B) == 0);
		DUK_ASSERT((op_flags & DUK__EMIT_FLAG_B_IS_TARGET) == 0);
		DUK_ASSERT((op_flags & 0xff) != DUK_OP_CALL);
		DUK_ASSERT((op_flags & 0xff) != DUK_OP_NEW);
		b = b & ~DUK__CONST_MARKER;
#if defined(DUK_USE_SHUFFLE_TORTURE)
		if (0) {
#else
		if (b <= 0xff) {
#endif
			ins |= DUK_ENC_OP_A_B_C(0, 0, 0x100, 0);  /* const flag for B */
		} else if (b <= DUK_BC_BC_MAX) {
			comp_ctx->curr_func.needs_shuffle = 1;
			tmp = comp_ctx->curr_func.shuffle2;
			duk__emit(comp_ctx, DUK_ENC_OP_A_BC(DUK_OP_LDCONST, tmp, b));
			b = tmp;
		} else {
			DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("out of regs: 'b' (const) needs shuffling but does not fit into BC, b: %ld", (long) b));
			goto error_outofregs;
		}
	} else {
#if defined(DUK_USE_SHUFFLE_TORTURE)
		if (b <= 0xff && (op_flags & DUK__EMIT_FLAG_NO_SHUFFLE_B)) {
#else
		if (b <= 0xff) {
#endif
			;
		} else if (op_flags & DUK__EMIT_FLAG_NO_SHUFFLE_B) {
			if (b > DUK_BC_B_MAX) {
				/* Note: 0xff != DUK_BC_B_MAX */
				DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("out of regs: 'b' (reg) needs shuffling but shuffle prohibited, b: %ld", (long) b));
				goto error_outofregs;
			}
		} else if (b <= DUK_BC_BC_MAX) {
			comp_ctx->curr_func.needs_shuffle = 1;
			tmp = comp_ctx->curr_func.shuffle2;
			if (op_flags & DUK__EMIT_FLAG_B_IS_TARGET) {
				/* Output shuffle needed after main operation */
				b_out = b;
			}
			if (!(op_flags & DUK__EMIT_FLAG_B_IS_TARGET) || (op_flags & DUK__EMIT_FLAG_B_IS_TARGETSOURCE)) {
				duk_small_int_t op = op_flags & 0xff;
				if (op == DUK_OP_CALL || op == DUK_OP_NEW ||
				    op == DUK_OP_MPUTOBJ || op == DUK_OP_MPUTARR) {
					/* Special handling for CALL/NEW/MPUTOBJ/MPUTARR shuffling.
					 * For each, slot B identifies the first register of a range
					 * of registers, so normal shuffling won't work.  Instead,
					 * an indirect version of the opcode is used.
					 */
					DUK_ASSERT((op_flags & DUK__EMIT_FLAG_B_IS_TARGET) == 0);
					duk__emit_load_int32_noshuffle(comp_ctx, tmp, b);
					DUK_ASSERT(DUK_OP_CALLI == DUK_OP_CALL + 1);
					DUK_ASSERT(DUK_OP_NEWI == DUK_OP_NEW + 1);
					DUK_ASSERT(DUK_OP_MPUTOBJI == DUK_OP_MPUTOBJ + 1);
					DUK_ASSERT(DUK_OP_MPUTARRI == DUK_OP_MPUTARR + 1);
					op_flags++;  /* indirect opcode follows direct */
				} else {
					duk__emit(comp_ctx, DUK_ENC_OP_A_BC(DUK_OP_LDREG, tmp, b));
				}
			}
			b = tmp;
		} else {
			DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("out of regs: 'b' (reg) needs shuffling but does not fit into BC, b: %ld", (long) b));
			goto error_outofregs;
		}
	}

	/* Slot C */

	if (c & DUK__CONST_MARKER) {
		DUK_ASSERT((op_flags & DUK__EMIT_FLAG_NO_SHUFFLE_C) == 0);
		DUK_ASSERT((op_flags & DUK__EMIT_FLAG_C_IS_TARGET) == 0);
		c = c & ~DUK__CONST_MARKER;
#if defined(DUK_USE_SHUFFLE_TORTURE)
		if (0) {
#else
		if (c <= 0xff) {
#endif
			ins |= DUK_ENC_OP_A_B_C(0, 0, 0, 0x100);  /* const flag for C */
		} else if (c <= DUK_BC_BC_MAX) {
			comp_ctx->curr_func.needs_shuffle = 1;
			tmp = comp_ctx->curr_func.shuffle3;
			duk__emit(comp_ctx, DUK_ENC_OP_A_BC(DUK_OP_LDCONST, tmp, c));
			c = tmp;
		} else {
			DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("out of regs: 'c' (const) needs shuffling but does not fit into BC, c: %ld", (long) c));
			goto error_outofregs;
		}
	} else {
#if defined(DUK_USE_SHUFFLE_TORTURE)
		if (c <= 0xff && (op_flags & DUK__EMIT_FLAG_NO_SHUFFLE_C)) {
#else
		if (c <= 0xff) {
#endif
			;
		} else if (op_flags & DUK__EMIT_FLAG_NO_SHUFFLE_C) {
			if (c > DUK_BC_C_MAX) {
				/* Note: 0xff != DUK_BC_C_MAX */
				DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("out of regs: 'c' (reg) needs shuffling but shuffle prohibited, c: %ld", (long) c));
				goto error_outofregs;
			}
		} else if (c <= DUK_BC_BC_MAX) {
			comp_ctx->curr_func.needs_shuffle = 1;
			tmp = comp_ctx->curr_func.shuffle3;
			if (op_flags & DUK__EMIT_FLAG_C_IS_TARGET) {
				/* Output shuffle needed after main operation */
				c_out = c;
			} else {
				duk_small_int_t op = op_flags & 0xff;
				if (op == DUK_OP_EXTRA &&
				    (a == DUK_EXTRAOP_INITGET || a == DUK_EXTRAOP_INITSET)) {
					/* Special shuffling for INITGET/INITSET, where slot C
					 * identifies a register pair and cannot be shuffled
					 * normally.  Use an indirect variant instead.
					 */
					DUK_ASSERT((op_flags & DUK__EMIT_FLAG_C_IS_TARGET) == 0);
					duk__emit_load_int32_noshuffle(comp_ctx, tmp, c);
					DUK_ASSERT(DUK_EXTRAOP_INITGETI == DUK_EXTRAOP_INITGET + 1);
					DUK_ASSERT(DUK_EXTRAOP_INITSETI == DUK_EXTRAOP_INITSET + 1);
					a++;  /* indirect opcode follows direct */
				} else {
					duk__emit(comp_ctx, DUK_ENC_OP_A_BC(DUK_OP_LDREG, tmp, c));
				}
			}
			c = tmp;
		} else {
			DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("out of regs: 'c' (reg) needs shuffling but does not fit into BC, c: %ld", (long) c));
			goto error_outofregs;
		}
	}

	/* Main operation */

	DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(a >= DUK_BC_A_MIN);  /* unsigned */
	DUK_ASSERT(a <= DUK_BC_A_MAX);
	DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(b >= DUK_BC_B_MIN);  /* unsigned */
	DUK_ASSERT(b <= DUK_BC_B_MAX);
	DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(c >= DUK_BC_C_MIN);  /* unsigned */
	DUK_ASSERT(c <= DUK_BC_C_MAX);

	ins |= DUK_ENC_OP_A_B_C(op_flags & 0xff, a, b, c);
	duk__emit(comp_ctx, ins);

	/* NEXTENUM needs a jump slot right after the main instruction.
	 * When the JUMP is taken, output spilling is not needed so this
	 * workaround is possible.  The jump slot PC is exceptionally
	 * plumbed through comp_ctx to minimize call sites.
	 */
	if (op_flags & DUK__EMIT_FLAG_RESERVE_JUMPSLOT) {
		comp_ctx->emit_jumpslot_pc = duk__get_current_pc(comp_ctx);
		duk__emit_abc(comp_ctx, DUK_OP_JUMP, 0);
	}

	/* Output shuffling: only one output register is realistically possible.
	 *
	 * (Zero would normally be an OK marker value: if the target register
	 * was zero, it would never be shuffled.  But with DUK_USE_SHUFFLE_TORTURE
	 * this is no longer true, so use -1 as a marker instead.)
	 */

	if (a_out >= 0) {
		DUK_ASSERT(b_out < 0);
		DUK_ASSERT(c_out < 0);
		duk__emit(comp_ctx, DUK_ENC_OP_A_BC(DUK_OP_STREG, a, a_out));
	} else if (b_out >= 0) {
		DUK_ASSERT(a_out < 0);
		DUK_ASSERT(c_out < 0);
		duk__emit(comp_ctx, DUK_ENC_OP_A_BC(DUK_OP_STREG, b, b_out));
	} else if (c_out >= 0) {
		DUK_ASSERT(b_out < 0);
		DUK_ASSERT(c_out < 0);
		duk__emit(comp_ctx, DUK_ENC_OP_A_BC(DUK_OP_STREG, c, c_out));
	}

	return;

 error_outofregs:
	DUK_ERROR_RANGE(comp_ctx->thr, DUK_STR_REG_LIMIT);
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__emit_a_b(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_small_uint_t op_flags, duk_regconst_t a, duk_regconst_t b) {
	duk__emit_a_b_c(comp_ctx, op_flags | DUK__EMIT_FLAG_NO_SHUFFLE_C, a, b, 0);
}

#if 0  /* unused */
DUK_LOCAL void duk__emit_a(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, int op_flags, int a) {
	duk__emit_a_b_c(comp_ctx, op_flags | DUK__EMIT_FLAG_NO_SHUFFLE_B | DUK__EMIT_FLAG_NO_SHUFFLE_C, a, 0, 0);
}
#endif

DUK_LOCAL void duk__emit_a_bc(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_small_uint_t op_flags, duk_regconst_t a, duk_regconst_t bc) {
	duk_instr_t ins;
	duk_int_t tmp;

	/* allow caller to give a const number with the DUK__CONST_MARKER */
	bc = bc & (~DUK__CONST_MARKER);

	DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE((op_flags & 0xff) >= DUK_BC_OP_MIN);  /* unsigned */
	DUK_ASSERT((op_flags & 0xff) <= DUK_BC_OP_MAX);
	DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(bc >= DUK_BC_BC_MIN);  /* unsigned */
	DUK_ASSERT(bc <= DUK_BC_BC_MAX);
	DUK_ASSERT((bc & DUK__CONST_MARKER) == 0);

	if (bc <= DUK_BC_BC_MAX) {
		;
	} else {
		/* No BC shuffling now. */
		goto error_outofregs;
	}

#if defined(DUK_USE_SHUFFLE_TORTURE)
	if (a <= DUK_BC_A_MAX && (op_flags & DUK__EMIT_FLAG_NO_SHUFFLE_A)) {
#else
	if (a <= DUK_BC_A_MAX) {
#endif
		ins = DUK_ENC_OP_A_BC(op_flags & 0xff, a, bc);
		duk__emit(comp_ctx, ins);
	} else if (op_flags & DUK__EMIT_FLAG_NO_SHUFFLE_A) {
		goto error_outofregs;
	} else if (a <= DUK_BC_BC_MAX) {
		comp_ctx->curr_func.needs_shuffle = 1;
		tmp = comp_ctx->curr_func.shuffle1;
		ins = DUK_ENC_OP_A_BC(op_flags & 0xff, tmp, bc);
		if (op_flags & DUK__EMIT_FLAG_A_IS_SOURCE) {
			duk__emit(comp_ctx, DUK_ENC_OP_A_BC(DUK_OP_LDREG, tmp, a));
			duk__emit(comp_ctx, ins);
		} else {
			duk__emit(comp_ctx, ins);
			duk__emit(comp_ctx, DUK_ENC_OP_A_BC(DUK_OP_STREG, tmp, a));
		}
	} else {
		goto error_outofregs;
	}
	return;

 error_outofregs:
	DUK_ERROR_RANGE(comp_ctx->thr, DUK_STR_REG_LIMIT);
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__emit_abc(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_small_uint_t op, duk_regconst_t abc) {
	duk_instr_t ins;

	DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(op >= DUK_BC_OP_MIN);  /* unsigned */
	DUK_ASSERT(op <= DUK_BC_OP_MAX);
	DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(abc >= DUK_BC_ABC_MIN);  /* unsigned */
	DUK_ASSERT(abc <= DUK_BC_ABC_MAX);
	DUK_ASSERT((abc & DUK__CONST_MARKER) == 0);

	if (abc <= DUK_BC_ABC_MAX) {
		;
	} else {
		goto error_outofregs;
	}
	ins = DUK_ENC_OP_ABC(op, abc);
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("duk__emit_abc: 0x%08lx line=%ld pc=%ld op=%ld (%!C) abc=%ld (%!I)",
	                     (unsigned long) ins, (long) comp_ctx->curr_token.start_line,
	                     (long) duk__get_current_pc(comp_ctx), (long) op, (long) op,
	                     (long) abc, (duk_instr_t) ins));
	duk__emit(comp_ctx, ins);
	return;

 error_outofregs:
	DUK_ERROR_RANGE(comp_ctx->thr, DUK_STR_REG_LIMIT);
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__emit_extraop_b_c(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_small_uint_t extraop_flags, duk_regconst_t b, duk_regconst_t c) {
	DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE((extraop_flags & 0xff) >= DUK_BC_EXTRAOP_MIN);  /* unsigned */
	DUK_ASSERT((extraop_flags & 0xff) <= DUK_BC_EXTRAOP_MAX);
	/* Setting "no shuffle A" is covered by the assert, but it's needed
	 * with DUK_USE_SHUFFLE_TORTURE.
	 */
	duk__emit_a_b_c(comp_ctx,
	                DUK_OP_EXTRA | DUK__EMIT_FLAG_NO_SHUFFLE_A | (extraop_flags & ~0xff),  /* transfer flags */
	                extraop_flags & 0xff,
	                b,
	                c);
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__emit_extraop_b(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_small_uint_t extraop_flags, duk_regconst_t b) {
	DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE((extraop_flags & 0xff) >= DUK_BC_EXTRAOP_MIN);  /* unsigned */
	DUK_ASSERT((extraop_flags & 0xff) <= DUK_BC_EXTRAOP_MAX);
	/* Setting "no shuffle A" is covered by the assert, but it's needed
	 * with DUK_USE_SHUFFLE_TORTURE.
	 */
	duk__emit_a_b_c(comp_ctx,
	                DUK_OP_EXTRA | DUK__EMIT_FLAG_NO_SHUFFLE_A | (extraop_flags & ~0xff),  /* transfer flags */
	                extraop_flags & 0xff,
	                b,
	                0);
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__emit_extraop_bc(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_small_uint_t extraop, duk_regconst_t bc) {
	DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(extraop >= DUK_BC_EXTRAOP_MIN);  /* unsigned */
	DUK_ASSERT(extraop <= DUK_BC_EXTRAOP_MAX);
	/* Setting "no shuffle A" is covered by the assert, but it's needed
	 * with DUK_USE_SHUFFLE_TORTURE.
	 */
	duk__emit_a_bc(comp_ctx,
	               DUK_OP_EXTRA | DUK__EMIT_FLAG_NO_SHUFFLE_A,
	               extraop,
	               bc);
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__emit_extraop_only(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_small_uint_t extraop_flags) {
	DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE((extraop_flags & 0xff) >= DUK_BC_EXTRAOP_MIN);  /* unsigned */
	DUK_ASSERT((extraop_flags & 0xff) <= DUK_BC_EXTRAOP_MAX);
	/* Setting "no shuffle A" is covered by the assert, but it's needed
	 * with DUK_USE_SHUFFLE_TORTURE.
	 */
	duk__emit_a_b_c(comp_ctx,
	                DUK_OP_EXTRA | DUK__EMIT_FLAG_NO_SHUFFLE_A | DUK__EMIT_FLAG_NO_SHUFFLE_B |
	                    DUK__EMIT_FLAG_NO_SHUFFLE_C | (extraop_flags & ~0xff),  /* transfer flags */
	                extraop_flags & 0xff,
	                0,
	                0);
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__emit_load_int32_raw(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_reg_t reg, duk_int32_t val, duk_small_uint_t op_flags) {
	/* XXX: Shuffling support could be implemented here so that LDINT+LDINTX
	 * would only shuffle once (instead of twice).  The current code works
	 * though, and has a smaller compiler footprint.
	 */

	if ((val >= (duk_int32_t) DUK_BC_BC_MIN - (duk_int32_t) DUK_BC_LDINT_BIAS) &&
	    (val <= (duk_int32_t) DUK_BC_BC_MAX - (duk_int32_t) DUK_BC_LDINT_BIAS)) {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("emit LDINT to reg %ld for %ld", (long) reg, (long) val));
		duk__emit_a_bc(comp_ctx, DUK_OP_LDINT | op_flags, reg, (duk_regconst_t) (val + (duk_int32_t) DUK_BC_LDINT_BIAS));
	} else {
		duk_int32_t hi = val >> DUK_BC_LDINTX_SHIFT;
		duk_int32_t lo = val & ((((duk_int32_t) 1) << DUK_BC_LDINTX_SHIFT) - 1);
		DUK_ASSERT(lo >= 0);
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("emit LDINT+LDINTX to reg %ld for %ld -> hi %ld, lo %ld",
		                     (long) reg, (long) val, (long) hi, (long) lo));
		duk__emit_a_bc(comp_ctx, DUK_OP_LDINT | op_flags, reg, (duk_regconst_t) (hi + (duk_int32_t) DUK_BC_LDINT_BIAS));
		duk__emit_a_bc(comp_ctx, DUK_OP_LDINTX | op_flags, reg, (duk_regconst_t) lo);
	}
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__emit_load_int32(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_reg_t reg, duk_int32_t val) {
	duk__emit_load_int32_raw(comp_ctx, reg, val, 0 /*op_flags*/);
}

#if defined(DUK_USE_SHUFFLE_TORTURE)
/* Used by duk__emit*() calls so that we don't shuffle the loadints that
 * are needed to handle indirect opcodes.
 */
DUK_LOCAL void duk__emit_load_int32_noshuffle(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_reg_t reg, duk_int32_t val) {
	duk__emit_load_int32_raw(comp_ctx, reg, val, DUK__EMIT_FLAG_NO_SHUFFLE_A /*op_flags*/);
}
#else
DUK_LOCAL void duk__emit_load_int32_noshuffle(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_reg_t reg, duk_int32_t val) {
	/* When torture not enabled, can just use the same helper because
	 * 'reg' won't get spilled.
	 */
	DUK_ASSERT(reg <= DUK_BC_A_MAX);
	duk__emit_load_int32(comp_ctx, reg, val);
}
#endif

DUK_LOCAL void duk__emit_jump(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_int_t target_pc) {
	duk_int_t curr_pc;
	duk_int_t offset;

	curr_pc = (duk_int_t) (DUK_BW_GET_SIZE(comp_ctx->thr, &comp_ctx->curr_func.bw_code) / sizeof(duk_compiler_instr));
	offset = (duk_int_t) target_pc - (duk_int_t) curr_pc - 1;
	DUK_ASSERT(offset + DUK_BC_JUMP_BIAS >= DUK_BC_ABC_MIN);
	DUK_ASSERT(offset + DUK_BC_JUMP_BIAS <= DUK_BC_ABC_MAX);
	duk__emit_abc(comp_ctx, DUK_OP_JUMP, (duk_regconst_t) (offset + DUK_BC_JUMP_BIAS));
}

DUK_LOCAL duk_int_t duk__emit_jump_empty(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx) {
	duk_int_t ret;

	ret = duk__get_current_pc(comp_ctx);  /* useful for patching jumps later */
	duk__emit_abc(comp_ctx, DUK_OP_JUMP, 0);
	return ret;
}

/* Insert an empty jump in the middle of code emitted earlier.  This is
 * currently needed for compiling for-in.
 */
DUK_LOCAL void duk__insert_jump_entry(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_int_t jump_pc) {
#if defined(DUK_USE_PC2LINE)
	duk_int_t line;
#endif
	duk_compiler_instr *instr;
	duk_size_t offset;

	offset = jump_pc * sizeof(duk_compiler_instr),
	instr = (duk_compiler_instr *) (void *)
	        DUK_BW_INSERT_ENSURE_AREA(comp_ctx->thr,
	                                  &comp_ctx->curr_func.bw_code,
	                                  offset,
	                                  sizeof(duk_compiler_instr));

#if defined(DUK_USE_PC2LINE)
	line = comp_ctx->curr_token.start_line;  /* approximation, close enough */
#endif
	instr->ins = DUK_ENC_OP_ABC(DUK_OP_JUMP, 0);
#if defined(DUK_USE_PC2LINE)
	instr->line = line;
#endif

	DUK_BW_ADD_PTR(comp_ctx->thr, &comp_ctx->curr_func.bw_code, sizeof(duk_compiler_instr));
	if (DUK_UNLIKELY(DUK_BW_GET_SIZE(comp_ctx->thr, &comp_ctx->curr_func.bw_code) > DUK_USE_ESBC_MAX_BYTES)) {
		goto fail_bc_limit;
	}
	return;

  fail_bc_limit:
	DUK_ERROR_RANGE(comp_ctx->thr, DUK_STR_BYTECODE_LIMIT);
}

/* Does not assume that jump_pc contains a DUK_OP_JUMP previously; this is intentional
 * to allow e.g. an INVALID opcode be overwritten with a JUMP (label management uses this).
 */
DUK_LOCAL void duk__patch_jump(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_int_t jump_pc, duk_int_t target_pc) {
	duk_compiler_instr *instr;
	duk_int_t offset;

	/* allow negative PCs, behave as a no-op */
	if (jump_pc < 0) {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("duk__patch_jump(): nop call, jump_pc=%ld (<0), target_pc=%ld",
		                     (long) jump_pc, (long) target_pc));
		return;
	}
	DUK_ASSERT(jump_pc >= 0);

	/* XXX: range assert */
	instr = duk__get_instr_ptr(comp_ctx, jump_pc);
	DUK_ASSERT(instr != NULL);

	/* XXX: range assert */
	offset = target_pc - jump_pc - 1;

	instr->ins = DUK_ENC_OP_ABC(DUK_OP_JUMP, offset + DUK_BC_JUMP_BIAS);
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("duk__patch_jump(): jump_pc=%ld, target_pc=%ld, offset=%ld",
	                     (long) jump_pc, (long) target_pc, (long) offset));
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__patch_jump_here(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_int_t jump_pc) {
	duk__patch_jump(comp_ctx, jump_pc, duk__get_current_pc(comp_ctx));
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__patch_trycatch(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_int_t ldconst_pc, duk_int_t trycatch_pc, duk_regconst_t reg_catch, duk_regconst_t const_varname, duk_small_uint_t flags) {
	duk_compiler_instr *instr;

	DUK_ASSERT((reg_catch & DUK__CONST_MARKER) == 0);

	instr = duk__get_instr_ptr(comp_ctx, ldconst_pc);
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_DEC_OP(instr->ins) == DUK_OP_LDCONST);
	DUK_ASSERT(instr != NULL);
	if (const_varname & DUK__CONST_MARKER) {
		/* Have a catch variable. */
		const_varname = const_varname & (~DUK__CONST_MARKER);
		if (reg_catch > DUK_BC_BC_MAX || const_varname > DUK_BC_BC_MAX) {
			/* Catch attempts to use out-of-range reg/const.  Without this
			 * check Duktape 0.12.0 could generate invalid code which caused
			 * an assert failure on execution.  This error is triggered e.g.
			 * for functions with a lot of constants and a try-catch statement.
			 * Shuffling or opcode semantics change is needed to fix the issue.
			 * See: test-bug-trycatch-many-constants.js.
			 */
			DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("failed to patch trycatch: flags=%ld, reg_catch=%ld, const_varname=%ld (0x%08lx)",
			                 (long) flags, (long) reg_catch, (long) const_varname, (long) const_varname));
			DUK_ERROR_RANGE(comp_ctx->thr, DUK_STR_REG_LIMIT);
		}
		instr->ins |= DUK_ENC_OP_A_BC(0, 0, const_varname);
	} else {
		/* No catch variable, e.g. a try-finally; replace LDCONST with
		 * NOP to avoid a bogus LDCONST.
		 */
		instr->ins = DUK_ENC_OP_A(DUK_OP_EXTRA, DUK_EXTRAOP_NOP);
	}

	instr = duk__get_instr_ptr(comp_ctx, trycatch_pc);
	DUK_ASSERT(instr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(flags >= DUK_BC_A_MIN);
	DUK_ASSERT(flags <= DUK_BC_A_MAX);
	instr->ins = DUK_ENC_OP_A_BC(DUK_OP_TRYCATCH, flags, reg_catch);
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__emit_if_false_skip(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_regconst_t regconst) {
	duk__emit_a_b_c(comp_ctx,
	                DUK_OP_IF | DUK__EMIT_FLAG_NO_SHUFFLE_A | DUK__EMIT_FLAG_NO_SHUFFLE_C,
	                0 /*false*/,
	                regconst,
	                0 /*unused*/);
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__emit_if_true_skip(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_regconst_t regconst) {
	duk__emit_a_b_c(comp_ctx,
	                DUK_OP_IF | DUK__EMIT_FLAG_NO_SHUFFLE_A | DUK__EMIT_FLAG_NO_SHUFFLE_C,
	                1 /*true*/,
	                regconst,
	                0 /*unused*/);
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__emit_invalid(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx) {
	duk__emit_extraop_bc(comp_ctx, DUK_EXTRAOP_INVALID, 0);
}

/*
 *  Peephole optimizer for finished bytecode.
 *
 *  Does not remove opcodes; currently only straightens out unconditional
 *  jump chains which are generated by several control structures.
 */

DUK_LOCAL void duk__peephole_optimize_bytecode(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx) {
	duk_compiler_instr *bc;
	duk_small_uint_t iter;
	duk_int_t i, n;
	duk_int_t count_opt;

	bc = (duk_compiler_instr *) (void *) DUK_BW_GET_BASEPTR(comp_ctx->thr, &comp_ctx->curr_func.bw_code);
#if defined(DUK_USE_BUFLEN16)
	/* No need to assert, buffer size maximum is 0xffff. */
#else
	DUK_ASSERT((duk_size_t) DUK_BW_GET_SIZE(comp_ctx->thr, &comp_ctx->curr_func.bw_code) / sizeof(duk_compiler_instr) <= (duk_size_t) DUK_INT_MAX);  /* bytecode limits */
#endif
	n = (duk_int_t) (DUK_BW_GET_SIZE(comp_ctx->thr, &comp_ctx->curr_func.bw_code) / sizeof(duk_compiler_instr));

	for (iter = 0; iter < DUK_COMPILER_PEEPHOLE_MAXITER; iter++) {
		count_opt = 0;

		for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
			duk_instr_t ins;
			duk_int_t target_pc1;
			duk_int_t target_pc2;

			ins = bc[i].ins;
			if (DUK_DEC_OP(ins) != DUK_OP_JUMP) {
				continue;
			}

			target_pc1 = i + 1 + DUK_DEC_ABC(ins) - DUK_BC_JUMP_BIAS;
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("consider jump at pc %ld; target_pc=%ld", (long) i, (long) target_pc1));
			DUK_ASSERT(target_pc1 >= 0);
			DUK_ASSERT(target_pc1 < n);

			/* Note: if target_pc1 == i, we'll optimize a jump to itself.
			 * This does not need to be checked for explicitly; the case
			 * is rare and max iter breaks us out.
			 */

			ins = bc[target_pc1].ins;
			if (DUK_DEC_OP(ins) != DUK_OP_JUMP) {
				continue;
			}

			target_pc2 = target_pc1 + 1 + DUK_DEC_ABC(ins) - DUK_BC_JUMP_BIAS;

			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("optimizing jump at pc %ld; old target is %ld -> new target is %ld",
			                     (long) i, (long) target_pc1, (long) target_pc2));

			bc[i].ins = DUK_ENC_OP_ABC(DUK_OP_JUMP, target_pc2 - (i + 1) + DUK_BC_JUMP_BIAS);

			count_opt++;
		}

		DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("optimized %ld jumps on peephole round %ld", (long) count_opt, (long) (iter + 1)));

		if (count_opt == 0) {
			break;
		}
	}
}

/*
 *  Intermediate value helpers
 */

#define DUK__ISREG(comp_ctx,x)              (((x) & DUK__CONST_MARKER) == 0)
#define DUK__ISCONST(comp_ctx,x)            (((x) & DUK__CONST_MARKER) != 0)
#define DUK__ISTEMP(comp_ctx,x)             (DUK__ISREG((comp_ctx), (x)) && (duk_regconst_t) (x) >= (duk_regconst_t) ((comp_ctx)->curr_func.temp_first))
#define DUK__GETTEMP(comp_ctx)              ((comp_ctx)->curr_func.temp_next)
#define DUK__SETTEMP(comp_ctx,x)            ((comp_ctx)->curr_func.temp_next = (x))  /* dangerous: must only lower (temp_max not updated) */
#define DUK__SETTEMP_CHECKMAX(comp_ctx,x)   duk__settemp_checkmax((comp_ctx),(x))
#define DUK__ALLOCTEMP(comp_ctx)            duk__alloctemp((comp_ctx))
#define DUK__ALLOCTEMPS(comp_ctx,count)     duk__alloctemps((comp_ctx),(count))

/* Flags for intermediate value coercions.  A flag for using a forced reg
 * is not needed, the forced_reg argument suffices and generates better
 * code (it is checked as it is used).
 */
#define DUK__IVAL_FLAG_ALLOW_CONST          (1 << 0)  /* allow a constant to be returned */
#define DUK__IVAL_FLAG_REQUIRE_TEMP         (1 << 1)  /* require a (mutable) temporary as a result (or a const if allowed) */
#define DUK__IVAL_FLAG_REQUIRE_SHORT        (1 << 2)  /* require a short (8-bit) reg/const which fits into bytecode B/C slot */

/* XXX: some code might benefit from DUK__SETTEMP_IFTEMP(ctx,x) */

#if 0  /* enable manually for dumping */
#define DUK__DUMP_ISPEC(compctx,ispec) do { duk__dump_ispec((compctx), (ispec)); } while (0)
#define DUK__DUMP_IVALUE(compctx,ivalue) do { duk__dump_ivalue((compctx), (ivalue)); } while (0)

DUK_LOCAL void duk__dump_ispec(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_ispec *x) {
	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("ispec dump: t=%ld regconst=0x%08lx, valstack_idx=%ld, value=%!T",
	                 (long) x->t, (unsigned long) x->regconst, (long) x->valstack_idx,
	                 duk_get_tval((duk_context *) comp_ctx->thr, x->valstack_idx)));
}
DUK_LOCAL void duk__dump_ivalue(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_ivalue *x) {
	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("ivalue dump: t=%ld op=%ld "
	                 "x1={t=%ld regconst=0x%08lx valstack_idx=%ld value=%!T} "
	                 "x2={t=%ld regconst=0x%08lx valstack_idx=%ld value=%!T}",
		         (long) x->t, (long) x->op,
	                 (long) x->x1.t, (unsigned long) x->x1.regconst, (long) x->x1.valstack_idx,
	                 duk_get_tval((duk_context *) comp_ctx->thr, x->x1.valstack_idx),
	                 (long) x->x2.t, (unsigned long) x->x2.regconst, (long) x->x2.valstack_idx,
	                 duk_get_tval((duk_context *) comp_ctx->thr, x->x2.valstack_idx)));
}
#else
#define DUK__DUMP_ISPEC(comp_ctx,x) do {} while (0)
#define DUK__DUMP_IVALUE(comp_ctx,x) do {} while (0)
#endif

DUK_LOCAL void duk__copy_ispec(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_ispec *src, duk_ispec *dst) {
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) comp_ctx->thr;

	dst->t = src->t;
	dst->regconst = src->regconst;
	duk_copy(ctx, src->valstack_idx, dst->valstack_idx);
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__copy_ivalue(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_ivalue *src, duk_ivalue *dst) {
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) comp_ctx->thr;

	dst->t = src->t;
	dst->op = src->op;
	dst->x1.t = src->x1.t;
	dst->x1.regconst = src->x1.regconst;
	dst->x2.t = src->x2.t;
	dst->x2.regconst = src->x2.regconst;
	duk_copy(ctx, src->x1.valstack_idx, dst->x1.valstack_idx);
	duk_copy(ctx, src->x2.valstack_idx, dst->x2.valstack_idx);
}

/* XXX: to util */
DUK_LOCAL duk_bool_t duk__is_whole_get_int32(duk_double_t x, duk_int32_t *ival) {
	duk_small_int_t c;
	duk_int32_t t;

	c = DUK_FPCLASSIFY(x);
	if (c == DUK_FP_NORMAL || (c == DUK_FP_ZERO && !DUK_SIGNBIT(x))) {
		/* Don't allow negative zero as it will cause trouble with
		 * LDINT+LDINTX.  But positive zero is OK.
		 */
		t = (duk_int32_t) x;
		if ((duk_double_t) t == x) {
			*ival = t;
			return 1;
		}
	}

	return 0;
}

DUK_LOCAL duk_reg_t duk__alloctemps(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_small_int_t num) {
	duk_reg_t res;

	res = comp_ctx->curr_func.temp_next;
	comp_ctx->curr_func.temp_next += num;

	if (comp_ctx->curr_func.temp_next > DUK__MAX_TEMPS) {  /* == DUK__MAX_TEMPS is OK */
		DUK_ERROR_RANGE(comp_ctx->thr, DUK_STR_TEMP_LIMIT);
	}

	/* maintain highest 'used' temporary, needed to figure out nregs of function */
	if (comp_ctx->curr_func.temp_next > comp_ctx->curr_func.temp_max) {
		comp_ctx->curr_func.temp_max = comp_ctx->curr_func.temp_next;
	}

	return res;
}

DUK_LOCAL duk_reg_t duk__alloctemp(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx) {
	return duk__alloctemps(comp_ctx, 1);
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__settemp_checkmax(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_reg_t temp_next) {
	comp_ctx->curr_func.temp_next = temp_next;
	if (temp_next > comp_ctx->curr_func.temp_max) {
		comp_ctx->curr_func.temp_max = temp_next;
	}
}

/* get const for value at valstack top */
DUK_LOCAL duk_regconst_t duk__getconst(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx) {
	duk_hthread *thr = comp_ctx->thr;
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk_compiler_func *f = &comp_ctx->curr_func;
	duk_tval *tv1;
	duk_int_t i, n, n_check;

	n = (duk_int_t) duk_get_length(ctx, f->consts_idx);

	tv1 = DUK_GET_TVAL_NEGIDX(ctx, -1);
	DUK_ASSERT(tv1 != NULL);

#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
	/* Explicit check for fastint downgrade. */
	DUK_TVAL_CHKFAST_INPLACE(tv1);
#endif

	/* Sanity workaround for handling functions with a large number of
	 * constants at least somewhat reasonably.  Otherwise checking whether
	 * we already have the constant would grow very slow (as it is O(N^2)).
	 */
	n_check = (n > DUK__GETCONST_MAX_CONSTS_CHECK ? DUK__GETCONST_MAX_CONSTS_CHECK : n);
	for (i = 0; i < n_check; i++) {
		duk_tval *tv2 = DUK_HOBJECT_A_GET_VALUE_PTR(thr->heap, f->h_consts, i);

		/* Strict equality is NOT enough, because we cannot use the same
		 * constant for e.g. +0 and -0.
		 */
		if (duk_js_samevalue(tv1, tv2)) {
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("reused existing constant for %!T -> const index %ld",
			                     (duk_tval *) tv1, (long) i));
			duk_pop(ctx);
			return (duk_regconst_t) (i | DUK__CONST_MARKER);
		}
	}

	if (n > DUK__MAX_CONSTS) {
		DUK_ERROR_RANGE(comp_ctx->thr, DUK_STR_CONST_LIMIT);
	}

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("allocating new constant for %!T -> const index %ld",
	                     (duk_tval *) tv1, (long) n));
	(void) duk_put_prop_index(ctx, f->consts_idx, n);  /* invalidates tv1, tv2 */
	return (duk_regconst_t) (n | DUK__CONST_MARKER);
}

/* Get the value represented by an duk_ispec to a register or constant.
 * The caller can control the result by indicating whether or not:
 *
 *   (1) a constant is allowed (sometimes the caller needs the result to
 *       be in a register)
 *
 *   (2) a temporary register is required (usually when caller requires
 *       the register to be safely mutable; normally either a bound
 *       register or a temporary register are both OK)
 *
 *   (3) a forced register target needs to be used
 *
 * Bytecode may be emitted to generate the necessary value.  The return
 * value is either a register or a constant.
 */

DUK_LOCAL
duk_regconst_t duk__ispec_toregconst_raw(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx,
                                         duk_ispec *x,
                                         duk_reg_t forced_reg,
                                         duk_small_uint_t flags) {
	duk_hthread *thr = comp_ctx->thr;
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("duk__ispec_toregconst_raw(): x={%ld:%ld:%!T}, "
	                     "forced_reg=%ld, flags 0x%08lx: allow_const=%ld require_temp=%ld require_short=%ld",
	                     (long) x->t,
	                     (long) x->regconst,
	                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, x->valstack_idx),
	                     (long) forced_reg,
	                     (unsigned long) flags,
	                     (long) ((flags & DUK__IVAL_FLAG_ALLOW_CONST) ? 1 : 0),
	                     (long) ((flags & DUK__IVAL_FLAG_REQUIRE_TEMP) ? 1 : 0),
	                     (long) ((flags & DUK__IVAL_FLAG_REQUIRE_SHORT) ? 1 : 0)));

	switch (x->t) {
	case DUK_ISPEC_VALUE: {
		duk_tval *tv;

		tv = DUK_GET_TVAL_POSIDX(ctx, x->valstack_idx);
		DUK_ASSERT(tv != NULL);

		switch (DUK_TVAL_GET_TAG(tv)) {
		case DUK_TAG_UNDEFINED: {
			/* Note: although there is no 'undefined' literal, undefined
			 * values can occur during compilation as a result of e.g.
			 * the 'void' operator.
			 */
			duk_reg_t dest = (forced_reg >= 0 ? forced_reg : DUK__ALLOCTEMP(comp_ctx));
			duk__emit_extraop_bc(comp_ctx, DUK_EXTRAOP_LDUNDEF, (duk_regconst_t) dest);
			return (duk_regconst_t) dest;
		}
		case DUK_TAG_NULL: {
			duk_reg_t dest = (forced_reg >= 0 ? forced_reg : DUK__ALLOCTEMP(comp_ctx));
			duk__emit_extraop_bc(comp_ctx, DUK_EXTRAOP_LDNULL, (duk_regconst_t) dest);
			return (duk_regconst_t) dest;
		}
		case DUK_TAG_BOOLEAN: {
			duk_reg_t dest = (forced_reg >= 0 ? forced_reg : DUK__ALLOCTEMP(comp_ctx));
			duk__emit_extraop_bc(comp_ctx,
			                     (DUK_TVAL_GET_BOOLEAN(tv) ? DUK_EXTRAOP_LDTRUE : DUK_EXTRAOP_LDFALSE),
			                     (duk_regconst_t) dest);
			return (duk_regconst_t) dest;
		}
		case DUK_TAG_POINTER: {
			DUK_UNREACHABLE();
			break;
		}
		case DUK_TAG_STRING: {
			duk_hstring *h;
			duk_reg_t dest;
			duk_regconst_t constidx;

			h = DUK_TVAL_GET_STRING(tv);
			DUK_UNREF(h);
			DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);

#if 0  /* XXX: to be implemented? */
			/* Use special opcodes to load short strings */
			if (DUK_HSTRING_GET_BYTELEN(h) <= 2) {
				/* Encode into a single opcode (18 bits can encode 1-2 bytes + length indicator) */
			} else if (DUK_HSTRING_GET_BYTELEN(h) <= 6) {
				/* Encode into a double constant (53 bits can encode 6*8 = 48 bits + 3-bit length */
			}
#endif
			duk_dup(ctx, x->valstack_idx);
			constidx = duk__getconst(comp_ctx);

			if (flags & DUK__IVAL_FLAG_ALLOW_CONST) {
				return constidx;
			}

			dest = (forced_reg >= 0 ? forced_reg : DUK__ALLOCTEMP(comp_ctx));
			duk__emit_a_bc(comp_ctx, DUK_OP_LDCONST, (duk_regconst_t) dest, constidx);
			return (duk_regconst_t) dest;
		}
		case DUK_TAG_OBJECT: {
			DUK_UNREACHABLE();
			break;
		}
		case DUK_TAG_BUFFER: {
			DUK_UNREACHABLE();
			break;
		}
		case DUK_TAG_LIGHTFUNC: {
			DUK_UNREACHABLE();
			break;
		}
#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
		case DUK_TAG_FASTINT:
#endif
		default: {
			/* number */
			duk_reg_t dest;
			duk_regconst_t constidx;
			duk_double_t dval;
			duk_int32_t ival;

			DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_TVAL_IS_UNUSED(tv));
			DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv));
			dval = DUK_TVAL_GET_NUMBER(tv);

			if (!(flags & DUK__IVAL_FLAG_ALLOW_CONST)) {
				/* A number can be loaded either through a constant, using
				 * LDINT, or using LDINT+LDINTX.  LDINT is always a size win,
				 * LDINT+LDINTX is not if the constant is used multiple times.
				 * Currently always prefer LDINT+LDINTX over a double constant.
				 */

				if (duk__is_whole_get_int32(dval, &ival)) {
					dest = (forced_reg >= 0 ? forced_reg : DUK__ALLOCTEMP(comp_ctx));
					duk__emit_load_int32(comp_ctx, dest, ival);
					return (duk_regconst_t) dest;
				}
			}

			duk_dup(ctx, x->valstack_idx);
			constidx = duk__getconst(comp_ctx);

			if (flags & DUK__IVAL_FLAG_ALLOW_CONST) {
				return constidx;
			} else {
				dest = (forced_reg >= 0 ? forced_reg : DUK__ALLOCTEMP(comp_ctx));
				duk__emit_a_bc(comp_ctx, DUK_OP_LDCONST, (duk_regconst_t) dest, constidx);
				return (duk_regconst_t) dest;
			}
		}
		}  /* end switch */
	}
	case DUK_ISPEC_REGCONST: {
		if (forced_reg >= 0) {
			if (x->regconst & DUK__CONST_MARKER) {
				duk__emit_a_bc(comp_ctx, DUK_OP_LDCONST, forced_reg, x->regconst);
			} else if (x->regconst != (duk_regconst_t) forced_reg) {
				duk__emit_a_bc(comp_ctx, DUK_OP_LDREG, forced_reg, x->regconst);
			} else {
				; /* already in correct reg */
			}
			return (duk_regconst_t) forced_reg;
		}

		DUK_ASSERT(forced_reg < 0);
		if (x->regconst & DUK__CONST_MARKER) {
			if (!(flags & DUK__IVAL_FLAG_ALLOW_CONST)) {
				duk_reg_t dest = DUK__ALLOCTEMP(comp_ctx);
				duk__emit_a_bc(comp_ctx, DUK_OP_LDCONST, (duk_regconst_t) dest, x->regconst);
				return (duk_regconst_t) dest;
			}
			return x->regconst;
		}

		DUK_ASSERT(forced_reg < 0 && !(x->regconst & DUK__CONST_MARKER));
		if ((flags & DUK__IVAL_FLAG_REQUIRE_TEMP) && !DUK__ISTEMP(comp_ctx, x->regconst)) {
			duk_reg_t dest = DUK__ALLOCTEMP(comp_ctx);
			duk__emit_a_bc(comp_ctx, DUK_OP_LDREG, (duk_regconst_t) dest, x->regconst);
			return (duk_regconst_t) dest;
		}
		return x->regconst;
	}
	default: {
		break;
	}
	}

	DUK_ERROR_INTERNAL_DEFMSG(thr);
	return 0;
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__ispec_toforcedreg(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_ispec *x, duk_reg_t forced_reg) {
	DUK_ASSERT(forced_reg >= 0);
	(void) duk__ispec_toregconst_raw(comp_ctx, x, forced_reg, 0 /*flags*/);
}

/* Coerce an duk_ivalue to a 'plain' value by generating the necessary
 * arithmetic operations, property access, or variable access bytecode.
 * The duk_ivalue argument ('x') is converted into a plain value as a
 * side effect.
 */
DUK_LOCAL void duk__ivalue_toplain_raw(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_ivalue *x, duk_reg_t forced_reg) {
	duk_hthread *thr = comp_ctx->thr;
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("duk__ivalue_toplain_raw(): x={t=%ld,op=%ld,x1={%ld:%ld:%!T},x2={%ld:%ld:%!T}}, "
	                     "forced_reg=%ld",
	                     (long) x->t, (long) x->op,
	                     (long) x->x1.t, (long) x->x1.regconst,
	                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, x->x1.valstack_idx),
	                     (long) x->x2.t, (long) x->x2.regconst,
	                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, x->x2.valstack_idx),
	                     (long) forced_reg));

	switch (x->t) {
	case DUK_IVAL_PLAIN: {
		return;
	}
	/* XXX: support unary arithmetic ivalues (useful?) */
	case DUK_IVAL_ARITH:
	case DUK_IVAL_ARITH_EXTRAOP: {
		duk_regconst_t arg1;
		duk_regconst_t arg2;
		duk_reg_t dest;
		duk_tval *tv1;
		duk_tval *tv2;

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("arith to plain conversion"));

		/* inline arithmetic check for constant values */
		/* XXX: use the exactly same arithmetic function here as in executor */
		if (x->x1.t == DUK_ISPEC_VALUE && x->x2.t == DUK_ISPEC_VALUE && x->t == DUK_IVAL_ARITH) {
			tv1 = DUK_GET_TVAL_POSIDX(ctx, x->x1.valstack_idx);
			tv2 = DUK_GET_TVAL_POSIDX(ctx, x->x2.valstack_idx);
			DUK_ASSERT(tv1 != NULL);
			DUK_ASSERT(tv2 != NULL);

			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("arith: tv1=%!T, tv2=%!T",
			                     (duk_tval *) tv1,
			                     (duk_tval *) tv2));

			if (DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv1) && DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv2)) {
				duk_double_t d1 = DUK_TVAL_GET_NUMBER(tv1);
				duk_double_t d2 = DUK_TVAL_GET_NUMBER(tv2);
				duk_double_t d3;
				duk_bool_t accept = 1;

				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("arith inline check: d1=%lf, d2=%lf, op=%ld",
				                     (double) d1, (double) d2, (long) x->op));
				switch (x->op) {
				case DUK_OP_ADD:  d3 = d1 + d2; break;
				case DUK_OP_SUB:  d3 = d1 - d2; break;
				case DUK_OP_MUL:  d3 = d1 * d2; break;
				case DUK_OP_DIV:  d3 = d1 / d2; break;
				default:          accept = 0; break;
				}

				if (accept) {
					duk_double_union du;
					du.d = d3;
					DUK_DBLUNION_NORMALIZE_NAN_CHECK(&du);
					d3 = du.d;

					x->t = DUK_IVAL_PLAIN;
					DUK_ASSERT(x->x1.t == DUK_ISPEC_VALUE);
					DUK_TVAL_SET_NUMBER(tv1, d3);  /* old value is number: no refcount */
					return;
				}
			} else if (x->op == DUK_OP_ADD && DUK_TVAL_IS_STRING(tv1) && DUK_TVAL_IS_STRING(tv2)) {
				/* inline string concatenation */
				duk_dup(ctx, x->x1.valstack_idx);
				duk_dup(ctx, x->x2.valstack_idx);
				duk_concat(ctx, 2);
				duk_replace(ctx, x->x1.valstack_idx);
				x->t = DUK_IVAL_PLAIN;
				DUK_ASSERT(x->x1.t == DUK_ISPEC_VALUE);
				return;
			}
		}

		arg1 = duk__ispec_toregconst_raw(comp_ctx, &x->x1, -1, DUK__IVAL_FLAG_ALLOW_CONST | DUK__IVAL_FLAG_REQUIRE_SHORT /*flags*/);
		arg2 = duk__ispec_toregconst_raw(comp_ctx, &x->x2, -1, DUK__IVAL_FLAG_ALLOW_CONST | DUK__IVAL_FLAG_REQUIRE_SHORT /*flags*/);

		/* If forced reg, use it as destination.  Otherwise try to
		 * use either coerced ispec if it is a temporary.
		 *
		 * When using extraops, avoid reusing arg2 as dest because that
		 * would lead to an LDREG shuffle below.  We still can't guarantee
		 * dest != arg2 because we may have a forced_reg.
		 */
		if (forced_reg >= 0) {
			dest = forced_reg;
		} else if (DUK__ISTEMP(comp_ctx, arg1)) {
			dest = (duk_reg_t) arg1;
		} else if (DUK__ISTEMP(comp_ctx, arg2) && x->t != DUK_IVAL_ARITH_EXTRAOP) {
			dest = (duk_reg_t) arg2;
		} else {
			dest = DUK__ALLOCTEMP(comp_ctx);
		}

		/* Extraop arithmetic opcodes must have destination same as
		 * first source.  If second source matches destination we need
		 * a temporary register to avoid clobbering the second source.
		 *
		 * XXX: change calling code to avoid this situation in most cases.
		 */

		if (x->t == DUK_IVAL_ARITH_EXTRAOP) {
			if (!(DUK__ISREG(comp_ctx, arg1) && (duk_reg_t) arg1 == dest)) {
				if (DUK__ISREG(comp_ctx, arg2) && (duk_reg_t) arg2 == dest) {
					/* arg2 would be clobbered so reassign it to a temp. */
					duk_reg_t tempreg;
					tempreg = DUK__ALLOCTEMP(comp_ctx);
					duk__emit_a_bc(comp_ctx, DUK_OP_LDREG, tempreg, arg2);
					arg2 = tempreg;
				}

				if (DUK__ISREG(comp_ctx, arg1)) {
					duk__emit_a_bc(comp_ctx, DUK_OP_LDREG, dest, arg1);
				} else {
					DUK_ASSERT(DUK__ISCONST(comp_ctx, arg1));
					duk__emit_a_bc(comp_ctx, DUK_OP_LDCONST, dest, arg1);
				}
			}

			/* Note: special DUK__EMIT_FLAG_B_IS_TARGETSOURCE
			 * used to indicate that B is both a source and a
			 * target register.  When shuffled, it needs to be
			 * both input and output shuffled.
			 */
			DUK_ASSERT(DUK__ISREG(comp_ctx, dest));
			duk__emit_extraop_b_c(comp_ctx,
			                      x->op | DUK__EMIT_FLAG_B_IS_TARGET |
			                              DUK__EMIT_FLAG_B_IS_TARGETSOURCE,
			                      (duk_regconst_t) dest,
			                      (duk_regconst_t) arg2);

		} else {
			DUK_ASSERT(DUK__ISREG(comp_ctx, dest));
			duk__emit_a_b_c(comp_ctx, x->op, (duk_regconst_t) dest, arg1, arg2);
		}

		x->t = DUK_IVAL_PLAIN;
		x->x1.t = DUK_ISPEC_REGCONST;
		x->x1.regconst = (duk_regconst_t) dest;
		return;
	}
	case DUK_IVAL_PROP: {
		/* XXX: very similar to DUK_IVAL_ARITH - merge? */
		duk_regconst_t arg1;
		duk_regconst_t arg2;
		duk_reg_t dest;

		/* Need a short reg/const, does not have to be a mutable temp. */
		arg1 = duk__ispec_toregconst_raw(comp_ctx, &x->x1, -1, DUK__IVAL_FLAG_ALLOW_CONST | DUK__IVAL_FLAG_REQUIRE_SHORT /*flags*/);
		arg2 = duk__ispec_toregconst_raw(comp_ctx, &x->x2, -1, DUK__IVAL_FLAG_ALLOW_CONST | DUK__IVAL_FLAG_REQUIRE_SHORT /*flags*/);

		/* Pick a destination register.  If either base value or key
		 * happens to be a temp value, reuse it as the destination.
		 *
		 * XXX: The temp must be a "mutable" one, i.e. such that no
		 * other expression is using it anymore.  Here this should be
		 * the case because the value of a property access expression
		 * is neither the base nor the key, but the lookup result.
		 */

		if (forced_reg >= 0) {
			dest = forced_reg;
		} else if (DUK__ISTEMP(comp_ctx, arg1)) {
			dest = (duk_reg_t) arg1;
		} else if (DUK__ISTEMP(comp_ctx, arg2)) {
			dest = (duk_reg_t) arg2;
		} else {
			dest = DUK__ALLOCTEMP(comp_ctx);
		}

		duk__emit_a_b_c(comp_ctx, DUK_OP_GETPROP, (duk_regconst_t) dest, arg1, arg2);

		x->t = DUK_IVAL_PLAIN;
		x->x1.t = DUK_ISPEC_REGCONST;
		x->x1.regconst = (duk_regconst_t) dest;
		return;
	}
	case DUK_IVAL_VAR: {
		/* x1 must be a string */
		duk_reg_t dest;
		duk_reg_t reg_varbind;
		duk_regconst_t rc_varname;

		DUK_ASSERT(x->x1.t == DUK_ISPEC_VALUE);

		duk_dup(ctx, x->x1.valstack_idx);
		if (duk__lookup_lhs(comp_ctx, &reg_varbind, &rc_varname)) {
			x->t = DUK_IVAL_PLAIN;
			x->x1.t = DUK_ISPEC_REGCONST;
			x->x1.regconst = (duk_regconst_t) reg_varbind;
		} else {
			dest = (forced_reg >= 0 ? forced_reg : DUK__ALLOCTEMP(comp_ctx));
			duk__emit_a_bc(comp_ctx, DUK_OP_GETVAR, (duk_regconst_t) dest, rc_varname);
			x->t = DUK_IVAL_PLAIN;
			x->x1.t = DUK_ISPEC_REGCONST;
			x->x1.regconst = (duk_regconst_t) dest;
		}
		return;
	}
	case DUK_IVAL_NONE:
	default: {
		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("invalid ivalue type: %ld", (long) x->t));
		break;
	}
	}

	DUK_ERROR_INTERNAL_DEFMSG(thr);
	return;
}

/* evaluate to plain value, no forced register (temp/bound reg both ok) */
DUK_LOCAL void duk__ivalue_toplain(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_ivalue *x) {
	duk__ivalue_toplain_raw(comp_ctx, x, -1 /*forced_reg*/);
}

/* evaluate to final form (e.g. coerce GETPROP to code), throw away temp */
DUK_LOCAL void duk__ivalue_toplain_ignore(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_ivalue *x) {
	duk_reg_t temp;

	/* If duk__ivalue_toplain_raw() allocates a temp, forget it and
	 * restore next temp state.
	 */
	temp = DUK__GETTEMP(comp_ctx);
	duk__ivalue_toplain_raw(comp_ctx, x, -1 /*forced_reg*/);
	DUK__SETTEMP(comp_ctx, temp);
}

/* Coerce an duk_ivalue to a register or constant; result register may
 * be a temp or a bound register.
 *
 * The duk_ivalue argument ('x') is converted into a regconst as a
 * side effect.
 */
DUK_LOCAL
duk_regconst_t duk__ivalue_toregconst_raw(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx,
                                          duk_ivalue *x,
                                          duk_reg_t forced_reg,
                                          duk_small_uint_t flags) {
	duk_hthread *thr = comp_ctx->thr;
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk_regconst_t reg;
	DUK_UNREF(thr);
	DUK_UNREF(ctx);

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("duk__ivalue_toregconst_raw(): x={t=%ld,op=%ld,x1={%ld:%ld:%!T},x2={%ld:%ld:%!T}}, "
	                     "forced_reg=%ld, flags 0x%08lx: allow_const=%ld require_temp=%ld require_short=%ld",
	                     (long) x->t, (long) x->op,
	                     (long) x->x1.t, (long) x->x1.regconst,
	                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, x->x1.valstack_idx),
	                     (long) x->x2.t, (long) x->x2.regconst,
	                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, x->x2.valstack_idx),
	                     (long) forced_reg,
	                     (unsigned long) flags,
	                     (long) ((flags & DUK__IVAL_FLAG_ALLOW_CONST) ? 1 : 0),
	                     (long) ((flags & DUK__IVAL_FLAG_REQUIRE_TEMP) ? 1 : 0),
	                     (long) ((flags & DUK__IVAL_FLAG_REQUIRE_SHORT) ? 1 : 0)));

	/* first coerce to a plain value */
	duk__ivalue_toplain_raw(comp_ctx, x, forced_reg);
	DUK_ASSERT(x->t == DUK_IVAL_PLAIN);

	/* then to a register */
	reg = duk__ispec_toregconst_raw(comp_ctx, &x->x1, forced_reg, flags);
	x->x1.t = DUK_ISPEC_REGCONST;
	x->x1.regconst = reg;

	return reg;
}

DUK_LOCAL duk_reg_t duk__ivalue_toreg(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_ivalue *x) {
	return duk__ivalue_toregconst_raw(comp_ctx, x, -1, 0 /*flags*/);
}

#if 0  /* unused */
DUK_LOCAL duk_reg_t duk__ivalue_totemp(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_ivalue *x) {
	return duk__ivalue_toregconst_raw(comp_ctx, x, -1, DUK__IVAL_FLAG_REQUIRE_TEMP /*flags*/);
}
#endif

DUK_LOCAL void duk__ivalue_toforcedreg(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_ivalue *x, duk_int_t forced_reg) {
	DUK_ASSERT(forced_reg >= 0);
	(void) duk__ivalue_toregconst_raw(comp_ctx, x, forced_reg, 0 /*flags*/);
}

DUK_LOCAL duk_regconst_t duk__ivalue_toregconst(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_ivalue *x) {
	return duk__ivalue_toregconst_raw(comp_ctx, x, -1, DUK__IVAL_FLAG_ALLOW_CONST /*flags*/);
}

DUK_LOCAL duk_regconst_t duk__ivalue_totempconst(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_ivalue *x) {
	return duk__ivalue_toregconst_raw(comp_ctx, x, -1, DUK__IVAL_FLAG_ALLOW_CONST | DUK__IVAL_FLAG_REQUIRE_TEMP /*flags*/);
}

/* The issues below can be solved with better flags */

/* XXX: many operations actually want toforcedtemp() -- brand new temp? */
/* XXX: need a toplain_ignore() which will only coerce a value to a temp
 * register if it might have a side effect.  Side-effect free values do not
 * need to be coerced.
 */

/*
 *  Identifier handling
 */

DUK_LOCAL duk_reg_t duk__lookup_active_register_binding(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx) {
	duk_hthread *thr = comp_ctx->thr;
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk_hstring *h_varname;
	duk_reg_t ret;

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("resolving identifier reference to '%!T'",
	                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));

	/*
	 *  Special name handling
	 */

	h_varname = duk_get_hstring(ctx, -1);
	DUK_ASSERT(h_varname != NULL);

	if (h_varname == DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_LC_ARGUMENTS(thr)) {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("flagging function as accessing 'arguments'"));
		comp_ctx->curr_func.id_access_arguments = 1;
	}

	/*
	 *  Inside one or more 'with' statements fall back to slow path always.
	 *  (See e.g. test-stmt-with.js.)
	 */

	if (comp_ctx->curr_func.with_depth > 0) {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("identifier lookup inside a 'with' -> fall back to slow path"));
		goto slow_path;
	}

	/*
	 *  Any catch bindings ("catch (e)") also affect identifier binding.
	 *
	 *  Currently, the varmap is modified for the duration of the catch
	 *  clause to ensure any identifier accesses with the catch variable
	 *  name will use slow path.
	 */

	duk_get_prop(ctx, comp_ctx->curr_func.varmap_idx);
	if (duk_is_number(ctx, -1)) {
		ret = duk_to_int(ctx, -1);
		duk_pop(ctx);
	} else {
		duk_pop(ctx);
		goto slow_path;
	}

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("identifier lookup -> reg %ld", (long) ret));
	return ret;

 slow_path:
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("identifier lookup -> slow path"));

	comp_ctx->curr_func.id_access_slow = 1;
	return (duk_reg_t) -1;
}

/* Lookup an identifier name in the current varmap, indicating whether the
 * identifier is register-bound and if not, allocating a constant for the
 * identifier name.  Returns 1 if register-bound, 0 otherwise.  Caller can
 * also check (out_reg_varbind >= 0) to check whether or not identifier is
 * register bound.  The caller must NOT use out_rc_varname at all unless
 * return code is 0 or out_reg_varbind is < 0; this is becuase out_rc_varname
 * is unsigned and doesn't have a "unused" / none value.
 */
DUK_LOCAL duk_bool_t duk__lookup_lhs(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_reg_t *out_reg_varbind, duk_regconst_t *out_rc_varname) {
	duk_hthread *thr = comp_ctx->thr;
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk_reg_t reg_varbind;
	duk_regconst_t rc_varname;

	/* [ ... varname ] */

	duk_dup_top(ctx);
	reg_varbind = duk__lookup_active_register_binding(comp_ctx);

	if (reg_varbind >= 0) {
		*out_reg_varbind = reg_varbind;
		*out_rc_varname = 0;  /* duk_regconst_t is unsigned, so use 0 as dummy value (ignored by caller) */
		duk_pop(ctx);
		return 1;
	} else {
		rc_varname = duk__getconst(comp_ctx);
		*out_reg_varbind = -1;
		*out_rc_varname = rc_varname;
		return 0;
	}
}

/*
 *  Label handling
 *
 *  Labels are initially added with flags prohibiting both break and continue.
 *  When the statement type is finally uncovered (after potentially multiple
 *  labels), all the labels are updated to allow/prohibit break and continue.
 */

DUK_LOCAL void duk__add_label(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_hstring *h_label, duk_int_t pc_label, duk_int_t label_id) {
	duk_hthread *thr = comp_ctx->thr;
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk_size_t n;
	duk_size_t new_size;
	duk_uint8_t *p;
	duk_labelinfo *li_start, *li;

	/* Duplicate (shadowing) labels are not allowed, except for the empty
	 * labels (which are used as default labels for switch and iteration
	 * statements).
	 *
	 * We could also allow shadowing of non-empty pending labels without any
	 * other issues than breaking the required label shadowing requirements
	 * of the E5 specification, see Section 12.12.
	 */

	p = (duk_uint8_t *) DUK_HBUFFER_DYNAMIC_GET_DATA_PTR(thr->heap, comp_ctx->curr_func.h_labelinfos);
	li_start = (duk_labelinfo *) (void *) p;
	li = (duk_labelinfo *) (void *) (p + DUK_HBUFFER_GET_SIZE(comp_ctx->curr_func.h_labelinfos));
	n = (duk_size_t) (li - li_start);

	while (li > li_start) {
		li--;

		if (li->h_label == h_label && h_label != DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_EMPTY_STRING(thr)) {
			DUK_ERROR_SYNTAX(thr, DUK_STR_DUPLICATE_LABEL);
		}
	}

	duk_push_hstring(ctx, h_label);
	DUK_ASSERT(n <= DUK_UARRIDX_MAX);  /* label limits */
	(void) duk_put_prop_index(ctx, comp_ctx->curr_func.labelnames_idx, (duk_uarridx_t) n);

	new_size = (n + 1) * sizeof(duk_labelinfo);
	duk_hbuffer_resize(thr, comp_ctx->curr_func.h_labelinfos, new_size);
	/* XXX: spare handling, slow now */

	/* relookup after possible realloc */
	p = (duk_uint8_t *) DUK_HBUFFER_DYNAMIC_GET_DATA_PTR(thr->heap, comp_ctx->curr_func.h_labelinfos);
	li_start = (duk_labelinfo *) (void *) p;
	DUK_UNREF(li_start);  /* silence scan-build warning */
	li = (duk_labelinfo *) (void *) (p + DUK_HBUFFER_GET_SIZE(comp_ctx->curr_func.h_labelinfos));
	li--;

	/* Labels can be used for iteration statements but also for other statements,
	 * in particular a label can be used for a block statement.  All cases of a
	 * named label accept a 'break' so that flag is set here.  Iteration statements
	 * also allow 'continue', so that flag is updated when we figure out the
	 * statement type.
	 */

	li->flags = DUK_LABEL_FLAG_ALLOW_BREAK;
	li->label_id = label_id;
	li->h_label = h_label;
	li->catch_depth = comp_ctx->curr_func.catch_depth;   /* catch depth from current func */
	li->pc_label = pc_label;

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("registered label: flags=0x%08lx, id=%ld, name=%!O, catch_depth=%ld, pc_label=%ld",
	                     (unsigned long) li->flags, (long) li->label_id, (duk_heaphdr *) li->h_label,
	                     (long) li->catch_depth, (long) li->pc_label));
}

/* Update all labels with matching label_id. */
DUK_LOCAL void duk__update_label_flags(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_int_t label_id, duk_small_uint_t flags) {
	duk_uint8_t *p;
	duk_labelinfo *li_start, *li;

	p = (duk_uint8_t *) DUK_HBUFFER_DYNAMIC_GET_DATA_PTR(comp_ctx->thr->heap, comp_ctx->curr_func.h_labelinfos);
	li_start = (duk_labelinfo *) (void *) p;
	li = (duk_labelinfo *) (void *) (p + DUK_HBUFFER_GET_SIZE(comp_ctx->curr_func.h_labelinfos));

	/* Match labels starting from latest; once label_id no longer matches, we can
	 * safely exit without checking the rest of the labels (only the topmost labels
	 * are ever updated).
	 */
	while (li > li_start) {
		li--;

		if (li->label_id != label_id) {
			break;
		}

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("updating (overwriting) label flags for li=%p, label_id=%ld, flags=%ld",
		                     (void *) li, (long) label_id, (long) flags));

		li->flags = flags;
	}
}

/* Lookup active label information.  Break/continue distinction is necessary to handle switch
 * statement related labels correctly: a switch will only catch a 'break', not a 'continue'.
 *
 * An explicit label cannot appear multiple times in the active set, but empty labels (unlabelled
 * iteration and switch statements) can.  A break will match the closest unlabelled or labelled
 * statement.  A continue will match the closest unlabelled or labelled iteration statement.  It is
 * a syntax error if a continue matches a labelled switch statement; because an explicit label cannot
 * be duplicated, the continue cannot match any valid label outside the switch.
 *
 * A side effect of these rules is that a LABEL statement related to a switch should never actually
 * catch a continue abrupt completion at run-time.  Hence an INVALID opcode can be placed in the
 * continue slot of the switch's LABEL statement.
 */

/* XXX: awkward, especially the bunch of separate output values -> output struct? */
DUK_LOCAL void duk__lookup_active_label(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_hstring *h_label, duk_bool_t is_break, duk_int_t *out_label_id, duk_int_t *out_label_catch_depth, duk_int_t *out_label_pc, duk_bool_t *out_is_closest) {
	duk_hthread *thr = comp_ctx->thr;
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk_uint8_t *p;
	duk_labelinfo *li_start, *li_end, *li;
	duk_bool_t match = 0;

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("looking up active label: label='%!O', is_break=%ld",
	                     (duk_heaphdr *) h_label, (long) is_break));

	DUK_UNREF(ctx);

	p = (duk_uint8_t *) DUK_HBUFFER_DYNAMIC_GET_DATA_PTR(thr->heap, comp_ctx->curr_func.h_labelinfos);
	li_start = (duk_labelinfo *) (void *) p;
	li_end = (duk_labelinfo *) (void *) (p + DUK_HBUFFER_GET_SIZE(comp_ctx->curr_func.h_labelinfos));
	li = li_end;

	/* Match labels starting from latest label because there can be duplicate empty
	 * labels in the label set.
	 */
	while (li > li_start) {
		li--;

		if (li->h_label != h_label) {
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("labelinfo[%ld] ->'%!O' != %!O",
			                     (long) (li - li_start),
			                     (duk_heaphdr *) li->h_label,
			                     (duk_heaphdr *) h_label));
			continue;
		}

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("labelinfo[%ld] -> '%!O' label name matches (still need to check type)",
		                     (long) (li - li_start), (duk_heaphdr *) h_label));

		/* currently all labels accept a break, so no explicit check for it now */
		DUK_ASSERT(li->flags & DUK_LABEL_FLAG_ALLOW_BREAK);

		if (is_break) {
			/* break matches always */
			match = 1;
			break;
		} else if (li->flags & DUK_LABEL_FLAG_ALLOW_CONTINUE) {
			/* iteration statements allow continue */
			match = 1;
			break;
		} else {
			/* continue matched this label -- we can only continue if this is the empty
			 * label, for which duplication is allowed, and thus there is hope of
			 * finding a match deeper in the label stack.
			 */
			if (h_label != DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_EMPTY_STRING(thr)) {
				DUK_ERROR_SYNTAX(thr, DUK_STR_INVALID_LABEL);
			} else {
				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("continue matched an empty label which does not "
				                     "allow a continue -> continue lookup deeper in label stack"));
			}
		}
	}
	/* XXX: match flag is awkward, rework */
	if (!match) {
		DUK_ERROR_SYNTAX(thr, DUK_STR_INVALID_LABEL);
	}

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("label match: %!O -> label_id %ld, catch_depth=%ld, pc_label=%ld",
	                     (duk_heaphdr *) h_label, (long) li->label_id,
	                     (long) li->catch_depth, (long) li->pc_label));

	*out_label_id = li->label_id;
	*out_label_catch_depth = li->catch_depth;
	*out_label_pc = li->pc_label;
	*out_is_closest = (li == li_end - 1);
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__reset_labels_to_length(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_int_t len) {
	duk_hthread *thr = comp_ctx->thr;
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk_size_t new_size;

	/* XXX: duk_set_length */
	new_size = sizeof(duk_labelinfo) * (duk_size_t) len;
	duk_push_int(ctx, len);
	duk_put_prop_stridx(ctx, comp_ctx->curr_func.labelnames_idx, DUK_STRIDX_LENGTH);
	duk_hbuffer_resize(thr, comp_ctx->curr_func.h_labelinfos, new_size);
}

/*
 *  Expression parsing: duk__expr_nud(), duk__expr_led(), duk__expr_lbp(), and helpers.
 *
 *  - duk__expr_nud(): ("null denotation"): process prev_token as a "start" of an expression (e.g. literal)
 *  - duk__expr_led(): ("left denotation"): process prev_token in the "middle" of an expression (e.g. operator)
 *  - duk__expr_lbp(): ("left-binding power"): return left-binding power of curr_token
 */

/* object literal key tracking flags */
#define DUK__OBJ_LIT_KEY_PLAIN  (1 << 0)  /* key encountered as a plain property */
#define DUK__OBJ_LIT_KEY_GET    (1 << 1)  /* key encountered as a getter */
#define DUK__OBJ_LIT_KEY_SET    (1 << 2)  /* key encountered as a setter */

DUK_LOCAL void duk__nud_array_literal(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_ivalue *res) {
	duk_hthread *thr = comp_ctx->thr;
	duk_reg_t reg_obj;                 /* result reg */
	duk_reg_t reg_temp;                /* temp reg */
	duk_reg_t temp_start;              /* temp reg value for start of loop */
	duk_small_uint_t max_init_values;  /* max # of values initialized in one MPUTARR set */
	duk_small_uint_t num_values;       /* number of values in current MPUTARR set */
	duk_uarridx_t curr_idx;            /* current (next) array index */
	duk_uarridx_t start_idx;           /* start array index of current MPUTARR set */
	duk_uarridx_t init_idx;            /* last array index explicitly initialized, +1 */
	duk_bool_t require_comma;          /* next loop requires a comma */

	/* DUK_TOK_LBRACKET already eaten, current token is right after that */
	DUK_ASSERT(comp_ctx->prev_token.t == DUK_TOK_LBRACKET);

	max_init_values = DUK__MAX_ARRAY_INIT_VALUES;  /* XXX: depend on available temps? */

	reg_obj = DUK__ALLOCTEMP(comp_ctx);
	duk__emit_extraop_b_c(comp_ctx,
	                      DUK_EXTRAOP_NEWARR | DUK__EMIT_FLAG_B_IS_TARGET,
	                      reg_obj,
	                      0);  /* XXX: patch initial size afterwards? */
	temp_start = DUK__GETTEMP(comp_ctx);

	/*
	 *  Emit initializers in sets of maximum max_init_values.
	 *  Corner cases such as single value initializers do not have
	 *  special handling now.
	 *
	 *  Elided elements must not be emitted as 'undefined' values,
	 *  because such values would be enumerable (which is incorrect).
	 *  Also note that trailing elisions must be reflected in the
	 *  length of the final array but cause no elements to be actually
	 *  inserted.
	 */

	curr_idx = 0;
	init_idx = 0;         /* tracks maximum initialized index + 1 */
	start_idx = 0;
	require_comma = 0;

	for (;;) {
		num_values = 0;
		DUK__SETTEMP(comp_ctx, temp_start);

		if (comp_ctx->curr_token.t == DUK_TOK_RBRACKET) {
			break;
		}

		for (;;) {
			if (comp_ctx->curr_token.t == DUK_TOK_RBRACKET) {
				/* the outer loop will recheck and exit */
				break;
			}

			/* comma check */
			if (require_comma) {
				if (comp_ctx->curr_token.t == DUK_TOK_COMMA) {
					/* comma after a value, expected */
					duk__advance(comp_ctx);
					require_comma = 0;
					continue;
				} else {
					goto syntax_error;
				}
			} else {
				if (comp_ctx->curr_token.t == DUK_TOK_COMMA) {
					/* elision - flush */
					curr_idx++;
					duk__advance(comp_ctx);
					/* if num_values > 0, MPUTARR emitted by outer loop after break */
					break;
				}
			}
			/* else an array initializer element */

			/* initial index */
			if (num_values == 0) {
				start_idx = curr_idx;
				reg_temp = DUK__ALLOCTEMP(comp_ctx);
				duk__emit_load_int32(comp_ctx, reg_temp, (duk_int32_t) start_idx);
			}

			reg_temp = DUK__ALLOCTEMP(comp_ctx);   /* alloc temp just in case, to update max temp */
			DUK__SETTEMP(comp_ctx, reg_temp);
			duk__expr_toforcedreg(comp_ctx, res, DUK__BP_COMMA /*rbp_flags*/, reg_temp /*forced_reg*/);
			DUK__SETTEMP(comp_ctx, reg_temp + 1);

			num_values++;
			curr_idx++;
			require_comma = 1;

			if (num_values >= max_init_values) {
				/* MPUTARR emitted by outer loop */
				break;
			}
		}

		if (num_values > 0) {
			/* - A is a source register (it's not a write target, but used
			 *   to identify the target object) but can be shuffled.
			 * - B cannot be shuffled normally because it identifies a range
			 *   of registers, the emitter has special handling for this
			 *   (the "no shuffle" flag must not be set).
			 * - C is a non-register number and cannot be shuffled, but
			 *   never needs to be.
			 */
			duk__emit_a_b_c(comp_ctx,
			                DUK_OP_MPUTARR |
			                    DUK__EMIT_FLAG_NO_SHUFFLE_C |
			                    DUK__EMIT_FLAG_A_IS_SOURCE,
			                (duk_regconst_t) reg_obj,
			                (duk_regconst_t) temp_start,
			                (duk_regconst_t) num_values);
			init_idx = start_idx + num_values;

			/* num_values and temp_start reset at top of outer loop */
		}
	}

	DUK_ASSERT(comp_ctx->curr_token.t == DUK_TOK_RBRACKET);
	duk__advance(comp_ctx);

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("array literal done, curridx=%ld, initidx=%ld",
	                     (long) curr_idx, (long) init_idx));

	/* trailing elisions? */
	if (curr_idx > init_idx) {
		/* yes, must set array length explicitly */
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("array literal has trailing elisions which affect its length"));
		reg_temp = DUK__ALLOCTEMP(comp_ctx);
		duk__emit_load_int32(comp_ctx, reg_temp, (duk_int_t) curr_idx);
		duk__emit_extraop_b_c(comp_ctx,
		                      DUK_EXTRAOP_SETALEN,
		                      (duk_regconst_t) reg_obj,
		                      (duk_regconst_t) reg_temp);
	}

	DUK__SETTEMP(comp_ctx, temp_start);

	res->t = DUK_IVAL_PLAIN;
	res->x1.t = DUK_ISPEC_REGCONST;
	res->x1.regconst = (duk_regconst_t) reg_obj;
	return;

 syntax_error:
	DUK_ERROR_SYNTAX(thr, DUK_STR_INVALID_ARRAY_LITERAL);
}

/* duplicate/invalid key checks; returns 1 if syntax error */
DUK_LOCAL duk_bool_t duk__nud_object_literal_key_check(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_small_uint_t new_key_flags) {
	duk_hthread *thr = comp_ctx->thr;
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk_small_uint_t key_flags;

	/* [ ... key_obj key ] */

	DUK_ASSERT(duk_is_string(ctx, -1));

	/*
	 *  'key_obj' tracks keys encountered so far by associating an
	 *  integer with flags with already encountered keys.  The checks
	 *  below implement E5 Section 11.1.5, step 4 for production:
	 *
	 *    PropertyNameAndValueList: PropertyNameAndValueList , PropertyAssignment
	 */

	duk_dup(ctx, -1);       /* [ ... key_obj key key ] */
	duk_get_prop(ctx, -3);  /* [ ... key_obj key val ] */
	key_flags = duk_to_int(ctx, -1);
	duk_pop(ctx);           /* [ ... key_obj key ] */

	if (new_key_flags & DUK__OBJ_LIT_KEY_PLAIN) {
		if ((key_flags & DUK__OBJ_LIT_KEY_PLAIN) && comp_ctx->curr_func.is_strict) {
			/* step 4.a */
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("duplicate key: plain key appears twice in strict mode"));
			return 1;
		}
		if (key_flags & (DUK__OBJ_LIT_KEY_GET | DUK__OBJ_LIT_KEY_SET)) {
			/* step 4.c */
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("duplicate key: plain key encountered after setter/getter"));
			return 1;
		}
	} else {
		if (key_flags & DUK__OBJ_LIT_KEY_PLAIN) {
			/* step 4.b */
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("duplicate key: getter/setter encountered after plain key"));
			return 1;
		}
		if (key_flags & new_key_flags) {
			/* step 4.d */
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("duplicate key: getter/setter encountered twice"));
			return 1;
		}
	}

	new_key_flags |= key_flags;
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("setting/updating key %!T flags: 0x%08lx -> 0x%08lx",
	                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1),
	                     (unsigned long) key_flags,
	                     (unsigned long) new_key_flags));
	duk_dup(ctx, -1);
	duk_push_int(ctx, new_key_flags);   /* [ ... key_obj key key flags ] */
	duk_put_prop(ctx, -4);              /* [ ... key_obj key ] */

	return 0;
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__nud_object_literal(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_ivalue *res) {
	duk_hthread *thr = comp_ctx->thr;
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk_reg_t reg_obj;                /* result reg */
	duk_reg_t reg_key;                /* temp reg for key literal */
	duk_reg_t reg_temp;               /* temp reg */
	duk_reg_t temp_start;             /* temp reg value for start of loop */
	duk_small_uint_t max_init_pairs;  /* max # of key-value pairs initialized in one MPUTOBJ set */
	duk_small_uint_t num_pairs;       /* number of pairs in current MPUTOBJ set */
	duk_bool_t first;                 /* first value: comma must not precede the value */
	duk_bool_t is_set, is_get;        /* temps */

	DUK_ASSERT(comp_ctx->prev_token.t == DUK_TOK_LCURLY);

	max_init_pairs = DUK__MAX_OBJECT_INIT_PAIRS;  /* XXX: depend on available temps? */

	reg_obj = DUK__ALLOCTEMP(comp_ctx);
	duk__emit_extraop_b_c(comp_ctx,
	                      DUK_EXTRAOP_NEWOBJ | DUK__EMIT_FLAG_B_IS_TARGET,
	                      reg_obj,
	                      0);  /* XXX: patch initial size afterwards? */
	temp_start = DUK__GETTEMP(comp_ctx);

	/* temp object for tracking / detecting duplicate keys */
	duk_push_object(ctx);

	/*
	 *  Emit initializers in sets of maximum max_init_pairs keys.
	 *  Setter/getter is handled separately and terminates the
	 *  current set of initializer values.  Corner cases such as
	 *  single value initializers do not have special handling now.
	 */

	first = 1;
	for (;;) {
		num_pairs = 0;
		DUK__SETTEMP(comp_ctx, temp_start);

		if (comp_ctx->curr_token.t == DUK_TOK_RCURLY) {
			break;
		}

		for (;;) {
			/*
			 *  Three possible element formats:
			 *    1) PropertyName : AssignmentExpression
			 *    2) get PropertyName () { FunctionBody }
			 *    3) set PropertyName ( PropertySetParameterList ) { FunctionBody }
			 *
			 *  PropertyName can be IdentifierName (includes reserved words), a string
			 *  literal, or a number literal.  Note that IdentifierName allows 'get' and
			 *  'set' too, so we need to look ahead to the next token to distinguish:
			 *
			 *     { get : 1 }
			 *
			 *  and
			 *
			 *     { get foo() { return 1 } }
			 *     { get get() { return 1 } }    // 'get' as getter propertyname
			 *
			 *  Finally, a trailing comma is allowed.
			 *
			 *  Key name is coerced to string at compile time (and ends up as a
			 *  a string constant) even for numeric keys (e.g. "{1:'foo'}").
			 *  These could be emitted using e.g. LDINT, but that seems hardly
			 *  worth the effort and would increase code size.
			 */

			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("object literal inner loop, curr_token->t = %ld",
			                     (long) comp_ctx->curr_token.t));

			if (comp_ctx->curr_token.t == DUK_TOK_RCURLY) {
				/* the outer loop will recheck and exit */
				break;
			}
			if (num_pairs >= max_init_pairs) {
				/* MPUTOBJ emitted by outer loop */
				break;
			}

			if (first) {
				first = 0;
			} else {
				if (comp_ctx->curr_token.t != DUK_TOK_COMMA) {
					goto syntax_error;
				}
				duk__advance(comp_ctx);
				if (comp_ctx->curr_token.t == DUK_TOK_RCURLY) {
					/* trailing comma followed by rcurly */
					break;
				}
			}

			/* advance to get one step of lookup */
			duk__advance(comp_ctx);

			/* NOTE: "get" and "set" are not officially ReservedWords and the lexer
			 * currently treats them always like ordinary identifiers (DUK_TOK_GET
			 * and DUK_TOK_SET are unused).  They need to be detected based on the
			 * identifier string content.
			 */

			is_get = (comp_ctx->prev_token.t == DUK_TOK_IDENTIFIER &&
			          comp_ctx->prev_token.str1 == DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_GET(thr));
			is_set = (comp_ctx->prev_token.t == DUK_TOK_IDENTIFIER &&
			          comp_ctx->prev_token.str1 == DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_SET(thr));
			if ((is_get || is_set) && comp_ctx->curr_token.t != DUK_TOK_COLON) {
				/* getter/setter */
				duk_int_t fnum;

				if (comp_ctx->curr_token.t_nores == DUK_TOK_IDENTIFIER ||
				    comp_ctx->curr_token.t_nores == DUK_TOK_STRING) {
					/* same handling for identifiers and strings */
					DUK_ASSERT(comp_ctx->curr_token.str1 != NULL);
					duk_push_hstring(ctx, comp_ctx->curr_token.str1);
				} else if (comp_ctx->curr_token.t == DUK_TOK_NUMBER) {
					duk_push_number(ctx, comp_ctx->curr_token.num);
					duk_to_string(ctx, -1);
				} else {
					goto syntax_error;
				}

				DUK_ASSERT(duk_is_string(ctx, -1));
				if (duk__nud_object_literal_key_check(comp_ctx,
				                                      (is_get ? DUK__OBJ_LIT_KEY_GET : DUK__OBJ_LIT_KEY_SET))) {
					goto syntax_error;
				}
				reg_key = duk__getconst(comp_ctx);

				if (num_pairs > 0) {
					/* - A is a source register (it's not a write target, but used
					 *   to identify the target object) but can be shuffled.
					 * - B cannot be shuffled normally because it identifies a range
					 *   of registers, the emitter has special handling for this
					 *   (the "no shuffle" flag must not be set).
					 * - C is a non-register number and cannot be shuffled, but
					 *   never needs to be.
					 */
					duk__emit_a_b_c(comp_ctx,
					                DUK_OP_MPUTOBJ |
					                    DUK__EMIT_FLAG_NO_SHUFFLE_C |
					                    DUK__EMIT_FLAG_A_IS_SOURCE,
					                reg_obj,
					                temp_start,
					                num_pairs);
					num_pairs = 0;
					DUK__SETTEMP(comp_ctx, temp_start);
				}

				/* curr_token = get/set name */
				fnum = duk__parse_func_like_fnum(comp_ctx, 0 /*is_decl*/, 1 /*is_setget*/);

				DUK_ASSERT(DUK__GETTEMP(comp_ctx) == temp_start);
				reg_temp = DUK__ALLOCTEMP(comp_ctx);
				duk__emit_a_bc(comp_ctx,
				               DUK_OP_LDCONST,
				               (duk_regconst_t) reg_temp,
				               (duk_regconst_t) reg_key);
				reg_temp = DUK__ALLOCTEMP(comp_ctx);
				duk__emit_a_bc(comp_ctx,
				               DUK_OP_CLOSURE,
				               (duk_regconst_t) reg_temp,
				               (duk_regconst_t) fnum);

				/* Slot C is used in a non-standard fashion (range of regs),
				 * emitter code has special handling for it (must not set the
				 * "no shuffle" flag).
				 */
				duk__emit_extraop_b_c(comp_ctx,
				                      (is_get ? DUK_EXTRAOP_INITGET : DUK_EXTRAOP_INITSET),
				                      reg_obj,
				                      temp_start);   /* temp_start+0 = key, temp_start+1 = closure */

				DUK__SETTEMP(comp_ctx, temp_start);
			} else {
				/* normal key/value */
				if (comp_ctx->prev_token.t_nores == DUK_TOK_IDENTIFIER ||
				    comp_ctx->prev_token.t_nores == DUK_TOK_STRING) {
					/* same handling for identifiers and strings */
					DUK_ASSERT(comp_ctx->prev_token.str1 != NULL);
					duk_push_hstring(ctx, comp_ctx->prev_token.str1);
				} else if (comp_ctx->prev_token.t == DUK_TOK_NUMBER) {
					duk_push_number(ctx, comp_ctx->prev_token.num);
					duk_to_string(ctx, -1);
				} else {
					goto syntax_error;
				}

				DUK_ASSERT(duk_is_string(ctx, -1));
				if (duk__nud_object_literal_key_check(comp_ctx, DUK__OBJ_LIT_KEY_PLAIN)) {
					goto syntax_error;
				}
				reg_key = duk__getconst(comp_ctx);

				reg_temp = DUK__ALLOCTEMP(comp_ctx);
				duk__emit_a_bc(comp_ctx,
				               DUK_OP_LDCONST,
				               (duk_regconst_t) reg_temp,
				               (duk_regconst_t) reg_key);
				duk__advance_expect(comp_ctx, DUK_TOK_COLON);

				reg_temp = DUK__ALLOCTEMP(comp_ctx);  /* alloc temp just in case, to update max temp */
				DUK__SETTEMP(comp_ctx, reg_temp);
				duk__expr_toforcedreg(comp_ctx, res, DUK__BP_COMMA /*rbp_flags*/, reg_temp /*forced_reg*/);
				DUK__SETTEMP(comp_ctx, reg_temp + 1);

				num_pairs++;
			}
		}

		if (num_pairs > 0) {
			/* See MPUTOBJ comments above. */
			duk__emit_a_b_c(comp_ctx,
			                DUK_OP_MPUTOBJ |
			                    DUK__EMIT_FLAG_NO_SHUFFLE_C |
			                    DUK__EMIT_FLAG_A_IS_SOURCE,
			                reg_obj,
			                temp_start,
			                num_pairs);

			/* num_pairs and temp_start reset at top of outer loop */
		}
	}

	DUK_ASSERT(comp_ctx->curr_token.t == DUK_TOK_RCURLY);
	duk__advance(comp_ctx);

	DUK__SETTEMP(comp_ctx, temp_start);

	res->t = DUK_IVAL_PLAIN;
	res->x1.t = DUK_ISPEC_REGCONST;
	res->x1.regconst = (duk_regconst_t) reg_obj;

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("final tracking object: %!T",
	                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));
	duk_pop(ctx);
	return;

 syntax_error:
	DUK_ERROR_SYNTAX(thr, DUK_STR_INVALID_OBJECT_LITERAL);
}

/* Parse argument list.  Arguments are written to temps starting from
 * "next temp".  Returns number of arguments parsed.  Expects left paren
 * to be already eaten, and eats the right paren before returning.
 */
DUK_LOCAL duk_int_t duk__parse_arguments(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_ivalue *res) {
	duk_int_t nargs = 0;
	duk_reg_t reg_temp;

	/* Note: expect that caller has already eaten the left paren */

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("start parsing arguments, prev_token.t=%ld, curr_token.t=%ld",
	                     (long) comp_ctx->prev_token.t, (long) comp_ctx->curr_token.t));

	for (;;) {
		if (comp_ctx->curr_token.t == DUK_TOK_RPAREN) {
			break;
		}
		if (nargs > 0) {
			duk__advance_expect(comp_ctx, DUK_TOK_COMMA);
		}

		/* We want the argument expression value to go to "next temp"
		 * without additional moves.  That should almost always be the
		 * case, but we double check after expression parsing.
		 *
		 * This is not the cleanest possible approach.
		 */

		reg_temp = DUK__ALLOCTEMP(comp_ctx);  /* bump up "allocated" reg count, just in case */
		DUK__SETTEMP(comp_ctx, reg_temp);

		/* binding power must be high enough to NOT allow comma expressions directly */
		duk__expr_toforcedreg(comp_ctx, res, DUK__BP_COMMA /*rbp_flags*/, reg_temp);  /* always allow 'in', coerce to 'tr' just in case */

		DUK__SETTEMP(comp_ctx, reg_temp + 1);
		nargs++;

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("argument #%ld written into reg %ld", (long) nargs, (long) reg_temp));
	}

	/* eat the right paren */
	duk__advance_expect(comp_ctx, DUK_TOK_RPAREN);

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("end parsing arguments"));

	return nargs;
}

DUK_LOCAL duk_bool_t duk__expr_is_empty(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx) {
	/* empty expressions can be detected conveniently with nud/led counts */
	return (comp_ctx->curr_func.nud_count == 0) &&
	       (comp_ctx->curr_func.led_count == 0);
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__expr_nud(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_ivalue *res) {
	duk_hthread *thr = comp_ctx->thr;
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk_token *tk;
	duk_reg_t temp_at_entry;
	duk_small_int_t tok;
	duk_uint32_t args;  /* temp variable to pass constants and flags to shared code */

	/*
	 *  ctx->prev_token     token to process with duk__expr_nud()
	 *  ctx->curr_token     updated by caller
	 *
	 *  Note: the token in the switch below has already been eaten.
	 */

	temp_at_entry = DUK__GETTEMP(comp_ctx);

	comp_ctx->curr_func.nud_count++;

	tk = &comp_ctx->prev_token;
	tok = tk->t;
	res->t = DUK_IVAL_NONE;

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("duk__expr_nud(), prev_token.t=%ld, allow_in=%ld, paren_level=%ld",
	                     (long) tk->t, (long) comp_ctx->curr_func.allow_in, (long) comp_ctx->curr_func.paren_level));

	switch (tok) {

	/* PRIMARY EXPRESSIONS */

	case DUK_TOK_THIS: {
		duk_reg_t reg_temp;
		reg_temp = DUK__ALLOCTEMP(comp_ctx);
		duk__emit_extraop_bc(comp_ctx,
		                     DUK_EXTRAOP_LDTHIS,
		                     (duk_regconst_t) reg_temp);
		res->t = DUK_IVAL_PLAIN;
		res->x1.t = DUK_ISPEC_REGCONST;
		res->x1.regconst = (duk_regconst_t) reg_temp;
		return;
	}
	case DUK_TOK_IDENTIFIER: {
		res->t = DUK_IVAL_VAR;
		res->x1.t = DUK_ISPEC_VALUE;
		duk_push_hstring(ctx, tk->str1);
		duk_replace(ctx, res->x1.valstack_idx);
		return;
	}
	case DUK_TOK_NULL: {
		duk_push_null(ctx);
		goto plain_value;
	}
	case DUK_TOK_TRUE: {
		duk_push_true(ctx);
		goto plain_value;
	}
	case DUK_TOK_FALSE: {
		duk_push_false(ctx);
		goto plain_value;
	}
	case DUK_TOK_NUMBER: {
		duk_push_number(ctx, tk->num);
		goto plain_value;
	}
	case DUK_TOK_STRING: {
		DUK_ASSERT(tk->str1 != NULL);
		duk_push_hstring(ctx, tk->str1);
		goto plain_value;
	}
	case DUK_TOK_REGEXP: {
#ifdef DUK_USE_REGEXP_SUPPORT
		duk_reg_t reg_temp;
		duk_regconst_t rc_re_bytecode;  /* const */
		duk_regconst_t rc_re_source;    /* const */

		DUK_ASSERT(tk->str1 != NULL);
		DUK_ASSERT(tk->str2 != NULL);

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("emitting regexp op, str1=%!O, str2=%!O",
		                     (duk_heaphdr *) tk->str1,
		                     (duk_heaphdr *) tk->str2));

		reg_temp = DUK__ALLOCTEMP(comp_ctx);
		duk_push_hstring(ctx, tk->str1);
		duk_push_hstring(ctx, tk->str2);

		/* [ ... pattern flags ] */

		duk_regexp_compile(thr);

		/* [ ... escaped_source bytecode ] */

		rc_re_bytecode = duk__getconst(comp_ctx);
		rc_re_source = duk__getconst(comp_ctx);

		duk__emit_a_b_c(comp_ctx,
		                DUK_OP_REGEXP,
		                (duk_regconst_t) reg_temp /*a*/,
		                rc_re_bytecode /*b*/,
		                rc_re_source /*c*/);

		res->t = DUK_IVAL_PLAIN;
		res->x1.t = DUK_ISPEC_REGCONST;
		res->x1.regconst = (duk_regconst_t) reg_temp;
		return;
#else  /* DUK_USE_REGEXP_SUPPORT */
		goto syntax_error;
#endif  /* DUK_USE_REGEXP_SUPPORT */
	}
	case DUK_TOK_LBRACKET: {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("parsing array literal"));
		duk__nud_array_literal(comp_ctx, res);
		return;
	}
	case DUK_TOK_LCURLY: {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("parsing object literal"));
		duk__nud_object_literal(comp_ctx, res);
		return;
	}
	case DUK_TOK_LPAREN: {
		duk_bool_t prev_allow_in;

		comp_ctx->curr_func.paren_level++;
		prev_allow_in = comp_ctx->curr_func.allow_in;
		comp_ctx->curr_func.allow_in = 1; /* reset 'allow_in' for parenthesized expression */

		duk__expr(comp_ctx, res, DUK__BP_FOR_EXPR /*rbp_flags*/);  /* Expression, terminates at a ')' */

		duk__advance_expect(comp_ctx, DUK_TOK_RPAREN);
		comp_ctx->curr_func.allow_in = prev_allow_in;
		comp_ctx->curr_func.paren_level--;
		return;
	}

	/* MEMBER/NEW/CALL EXPRESSIONS */

	case DUK_TOK_NEW: {
		/*
		 *  Parsing an expression starting with 'new' is tricky because
		 *  there are multiple possible productions deriving from
		 *  LeftHandSideExpression which begin with 'new'.
		 *
		 *  We currently resort to one-token lookahead to distinguish the
		 *  cases.  Hopefully this is correct.  The binding power must be
		 *  such that parsing ends at an LPAREN (CallExpression) but not at
		 *  a PERIOD or LBRACKET (MemberExpression).
		 *
		 *  See doc/compiler.rst for discussion on the parsing approach,
		 *  and testcases/test-dev-new.js for a bunch of documented tests.
		 */

		duk_reg_t reg_target;
		duk_int_t nargs;

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("begin parsing new expression"));

		reg_target = DUK__ALLOCTEMP(comp_ctx);
		duk__expr_toforcedreg(comp_ctx, res, DUK__BP_CALL /*rbp_flags*/, reg_target /*forced_reg*/);
		DUK__SETTEMP(comp_ctx, reg_target + 1);

		if (comp_ctx->curr_token.t == DUK_TOK_LPAREN) {
			/* 'new' MemberExpression Arguments */
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("new expression has argument list"));
			duk__advance(comp_ctx);
			nargs = duk__parse_arguments(comp_ctx, res);  /* parse args starting from "next temp", reg_target + 1 */
			/* right paren eaten */
		} else {
			/* 'new' MemberExpression */
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("new expression has no argument list"));
			nargs = 0;
		}

		/* Opcode slot C is used in a non-standard way, so shuffling
		 * is not allowed.
		 */
		duk__emit_a_b_c(comp_ctx,
		              DUK_OP_NEW | DUK__EMIT_FLAG_NO_SHUFFLE_A | DUK__EMIT_FLAG_NO_SHUFFLE_C,
		              0 /*unused*/,
		              reg_target /*target*/,
		              nargs /*num_args*/);

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("end parsing new expression"));

		res->t = DUK_IVAL_PLAIN;
		res->x1.t = DUK_ISPEC_REGCONST;
		res->x1.regconst = (duk_regconst_t) reg_target;
		return;
	}

	/* FUNCTION EXPRESSIONS */

	case DUK_TOK_FUNCTION: {
		/* Function expression.  Note that any statement beginning with 'function'
		 * is handled by the statement parser as a function declaration, or a
		 * non-standard function expression/statement (or a SyntaxError).  We only
		 * handle actual function expressions (occurring inside an expression) here.
		 *
		 * O(depth^2) parse count for inner functions is handled by recording a
		 * lexer offset on the first compilation pass, so that the function can
		 * be efficiently skipped on the second pass.  This is encapsulated into
		 * duk__parse_func_like_fnum().
		 */

		duk_reg_t reg_temp;
		duk_int_t fnum;

		reg_temp = DUK__ALLOCTEMP(comp_ctx);

		/* curr_token follows 'function' */
		fnum = duk__parse_func_like_fnum(comp_ctx, 0 /*is_decl*/, 0 /*is_setget*/);
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("parsed inner function -> fnum %ld", (long) fnum));

		duk__emit_a_bc(comp_ctx,
		               DUK_OP_CLOSURE,
		               (duk_regconst_t) reg_temp /*a*/,
		               (duk_regconst_t) fnum /*bc*/);

		res->t = DUK_IVAL_PLAIN;
		res->x1.t = DUK_ISPEC_REGCONST;
		res->x1.regconst = (duk_regconst_t) reg_temp;
		return;
	}

	/* UNARY EXPRESSIONS */

	case DUK_TOK_DELETE: {
		/* Delete semantics are a bit tricky.  The description in E5 specification
		 * is kind of confusing, because it distinguishes between resolvability of
		 * a reference (which is only known at runtime) seemingly at compile time
		 * (= SyntaxError throwing).
		 */
		duk__expr(comp_ctx, res, DUK__BP_MULTIPLICATIVE /*rbp_flags*/);  /* UnaryExpression */
		if (res->t == DUK_IVAL_VAR) {
			/* not allowed in strict mode, regardless of whether resolves;
			 * in non-strict mode DELVAR handles both non-resolving and
			 * resolving cases (the specification description is a bit confusing).
			 */

			duk_reg_t reg_temp;
			duk_reg_t reg_varbind;
			duk_regconst_t rc_varname;

			if (comp_ctx->curr_func.is_strict) {
				DUK_ERROR_SYNTAX(thr, DUK_STR_CANNOT_DELETE_IDENTIFIER);
			}

			DUK__SETTEMP(comp_ctx, temp_at_entry);
			reg_temp = DUK__ALLOCTEMP(comp_ctx);

			duk_dup(ctx, res->x1.valstack_idx);
			if (duk__lookup_lhs(comp_ctx, &reg_varbind, &rc_varname)) {
				/* register bound variables are non-configurable -> always false */
				duk__emit_extraop_bc(comp_ctx,
				                     DUK_EXTRAOP_LDFALSE,
				                     (duk_regconst_t) reg_temp);
			} else {
				duk_dup(ctx, res->x1.valstack_idx);
				rc_varname = duk__getconst(comp_ctx);
				duk__emit_a_b(comp_ctx,
				              DUK_OP_DELVAR,
				              (duk_regconst_t) reg_temp,
				              (duk_regconst_t) rc_varname);
			}
			res->t = DUK_IVAL_PLAIN;
			res->x1.t = DUK_ISPEC_REGCONST;
			res->x1.regconst = (duk_regconst_t) reg_temp;
		} else if (res->t == DUK_IVAL_PROP) {
			duk_reg_t reg_temp;
			duk_reg_t reg_obj;
			duk_regconst_t rc_key;

			DUK__SETTEMP(comp_ctx, temp_at_entry);
			reg_temp = DUK__ALLOCTEMP(comp_ctx);
			reg_obj = duk__ispec_toregconst_raw(comp_ctx, &res->x1, -1 /*forced_reg*/, 0 /*flags*/);  /* don't allow const */
			rc_key = duk__ispec_toregconst_raw(comp_ctx, &res->x2, -1 /*forced_reg*/, DUK__IVAL_FLAG_ALLOW_CONST /*flags*/);
			duk__emit_a_b_c(comp_ctx,
			                DUK_OP_DELPROP,
			                (duk_regconst_t) reg_temp,
			                (duk_regconst_t) reg_obj,
			                rc_key);

			res->t = DUK_IVAL_PLAIN;
			res->x1.t = DUK_ISPEC_REGCONST;
			res->x1.regconst = (duk_regconst_t) reg_temp;
		} else {
			/* non-Reference deletion is always 'true', even in strict mode */
			duk_push_true(ctx);
			goto plain_value;
		}
		return;
	}
	case DUK_TOK_VOID: {
		duk__expr_toplain_ignore(comp_ctx, res, DUK__BP_MULTIPLICATIVE /*rbp_flags*/);  /* UnaryExpression */
		duk_push_undefined(ctx);
		goto plain_value;
	}
	case DUK_TOK_TYPEOF: {
		/* 'typeof' must handle unresolvable references without throwing
		 * a ReferenceError (E5 Section 11.4.3).  Register mapped values
		 * will never be unresolvable so special handling is only required
		 * when an identifier is a "slow path" one.
		 */
		duk__expr(comp_ctx, res, DUK__BP_MULTIPLICATIVE /*rbp_flags*/);  /* UnaryExpression */

		if (res->t == DUK_IVAL_VAR) {
			duk_reg_t reg_varbind;
			duk_regconst_t rc_varname;
			duk_reg_t reg_temp;

			duk_dup(ctx, res->x1.valstack_idx);
			if (!duk__lookup_lhs(comp_ctx, &reg_varbind, &rc_varname)) {
				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("typeof for an identifier name which could not be resolved "
				                     "at compile time, need to use special run-time handling"));
				reg_temp = DUK__ALLOCTEMP(comp_ctx);
				duk__emit_extraop_b_c(comp_ctx,
				                      DUK_EXTRAOP_TYPEOFID | DUK__EMIT_FLAG_B_IS_TARGET,
				                      reg_temp,
				                      rc_varname);
				res->t = DUK_IVAL_PLAIN;
				res->x1.t = DUK_ISPEC_REGCONST;
				res->x1.regconst = (duk_regconst_t) reg_temp;
				return;
			}
		}

		args = (DUK_EXTRAOP_TYPEOF << 8) + 0;
		goto unary_extraop;
	}
	case DUK_TOK_INCREMENT: {
		args = (DUK_OP_PREINCR << 8) + 0;
		goto preincdec;
	}
	case DUK_TOK_DECREMENT: {
		args = (DUK_OP_PREDECR << 8) + 0;
		goto preincdec;
	}
	case DUK_TOK_ADD: {
		/* unary plus */
		duk__expr(comp_ctx, res, DUK__BP_MULTIPLICATIVE /*rbp_flags*/);  /* UnaryExpression */
		if (res->t == DUK_IVAL_PLAIN && res->x1.t == DUK_ISPEC_VALUE &&
		    duk_is_number(ctx, res->x1.valstack_idx)) {
			/* unary plus of a number is identity */
			;
			return;
		}
		args = (DUK_EXTRAOP_UNP << 8) + 0;
		goto unary_extraop;
	}
	case DUK_TOK_SUB: {
		/* unary minus */
		duk__expr(comp_ctx, res, DUK__BP_MULTIPLICATIVE /*rbp_flags*/);  /* UnaryExpression */
		if (res->t == DUK_IVAL_PLAIN && res->x1.t == DUK_ISPEC_VALUE &&
		    duk_is_number(ctx, res->x1.valstack_idx)) {
			/* this optimization is important to handle negative literals
			 * (which are not directly provided by the lexical grammar)
			 */
			duk_tval *tv_num;
			duk_double_union du;

			tv_num = DUK_GET_TVAL_POSIDX(ctx, res->x1.valstack_idx);
			DUK_ASSERT(tv_num != NULL);
			DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv_num));
			du.d = DUK_TVAL_GET_NUMBER(tv_num);
			du.d = -du.d;
			DUK_DBLUNION_NORMALIZE_NAN_CHECK(&du);
			DUK_TVAL_SET_NUMBER(tv_num, du.d);
			return;
		}
		args = (DUK_EXTRAOP_UNM << 8) + 0;
		goto unary_extraop;
	}
	case DUK_TOK_BNOT: {
		duk__expr(comp_ctx, res, DUK__BP_MULTIPLICATIVE /*rbp_flags*/);  /* UnaryExpression */
		args = (DUK_EXTRAOP_BNOT << 8) + 0;
		goto unary_extraop;
	}
	case DUK_TOK_LNOT: {
		duk__expr(comp_ctx, res, DUK__BP_MULTIPLICATIVE /*rbp_flags*/);  /* UnaryExpression */
		if (res->t == DUK_IVAL_PLAIN && res->x1.t == DUK_ISPEC_VALUE) {
			/* Very minimal inlining to handle common idioms '!0' and '!1',
			 * and also boolean arguments like '!false' and '!true'.
			 */
			duk_tval *tv_val;

			tv_val = DUK_GET_TVAL_POSIDX(ctx, res->x1.valstack_idx);
			DUK_ASSERT(tv_val != NULL);
			if (DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv_val)) {
				duk_double_t d;
				d = DUK_TVAL_GET_NUMBER(tv_val);
				if (d == 0.0) {
					/* Matches both +0 and -0 on purpose. */
					DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("inlined lnot: !0 -> true"));
					DUK_TVAL_SET_BOOLEAN_TRUE(tv_val);
					return;
				} else if (d == 1.0) {
					DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("inlined lnot: !1 -> false"));
					DUK_TVAL_SET_BOOLEAN_FALSE(tv_val);
					return;
				}
			} else if (DUK_TVAL_IS_BOOLEAN(tv_val)) {
				duk_small_int_t v;
				v = DUK_TVAL_GET_BOOLEAN(tv_val);
				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("inlined lnot boolean: %ld", (long) v));
				DUK_ASSERT(v == 0 || v == 1);
				DUK_TVAL_SET_BOOLEAN(tv_val, v ^ 0x01);
				return;
			}
		}
		args = (DUK_EXTRAOP_LNOT << 8) + 0;
		goto unary_extraop;
	}

	}  /* end switch */

	DUK_ERROR_SYNTAX(thr, DUK_STR_PARSE_ERROR);
	return;

 unary_extraop:
	{
		/* Note: must coerce to a (writable) temp register, so that e.g. "!x" where x
		 * is a reg-mapped variable works correctly (does not mutate the variable register).
		 */

		duk_reg_t reg_temp;
		reg_temp = duk__ivalue_toregconst_raw(comp_ctx, res, -1 /*forced_reg*/, DUK__IVAL_FLAG_REQUIRE_TEMP /*flags*/);
		duk__emit_extraop_bc(comp_ctx,
		                     (args >> 8),
		                     (duk_regconst_t) reg_temp);
		res->t = DUK_IVAL_PLAIN;
		res->x1.t = DUK_ISPEC_REGCONST;
		res->x1.regconst = (duk_regconst_t) reg_temp;
		return;
	}

 preincdec:
	{
		/* preincrement and predecrement */
		duk_reg_t reg_res;
		duk_small_uint_t args_op = args >> 8;

		/* Specific assumptions for opcode numbering. */
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_OP_PREINCR + 4 == DUK_OP_PREINCV);
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_OP_PREDECR + 4 == DUK_OP_PREDECV);
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_OP_PREINCR + 8 == DUK_OP_PREINCP);
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_OP_PREDECR + 8 == DUK_OP_PREDECP);

		reg_res = DUK__ALLOCTEMP(comp_ctx);

		duk__expr(comp_ctx, res, DUK__BP_MULTIPLICATIVE /*rbp_flags*/);  /* UnaryExpression */
		if (res->t == DUK_IVAL_VAR) {
			duk_hstring *h_varname;
			duk_reg_t reg_varbind;
			duk_regconst_t rc_varname;

			h_varname = duk_get_hstring(ctx, res->x1.valstack_idx);
			DUK_ASSERT(h_varname != NULL);

			if (duk__hstring_is_eval_or_arguments_in_strict_mode(comp_ctx, h_varname)) {
				goto syntax_error;
			}

			duk_dup(ctx, res->x1.valstack_idx);
			if (duk__lookup_lhs(comp_ctx, &reg_varbind, &rc_varname)) {
				duk__emit_a_bc(comp_ctx,
				               args_op,  /* e.g. DUK_OP_PREINCR */
				               (duk_regconst_t) reg_res,
				               (duk_regconst_t) reg_varbind);
			} else {
				duk__emit_a_bc(comp_ctx,
				                args_op + 4,  /* e.g. DUK_OP_PREINCV */
				                (duk_regconst_t) reg_res,
				                rc_varname);
			}

			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("preincdec to '%!O' -> reg_varbind=%ld, rc_varname=%ld",
			                     (duk_heaphdr *) h_varname, (long) reg_varbind, (long) rc_varname));
		} else if (res->t == DUK_IVAL_PROP) {
			duk_reg_t reg_obj;  /* allocate to reg only (not const) */
			duk_regconst_t rc_key;
			reg_obj = duk__ispec_toregconst_raw(comp_ctx, &res->x1, -1 /*forced_reg*/, 0 /*flags*/);  /* don't allow const */
			rc_key = duk__ispec_toregconst_raw(comp_ctx, &res->x2, -1 /*forced_reg*/, DUK__IVAL_FLAG_ALLOW_CONST /*flags*/);
			duk__emit_a_b_c(comp_ctx,
			                args_op + 8,  /* e.g. DUK_OP_PREINCP */
			                (duk_regconst_t) reg_res,
			                (duk_regconst_t) reg_obj,
			                rc_key);
		} else {
			/* Technically return value is not needed because INVLHS will
			 * unconditially throw a ReferenceError.  Coercion is necessary
			 * for proper semantics (consider ToNumber() called for an object).
			 * Use DUK_EXTRAOP_UNP with a dummy register to get ToNumber().
			 */

			duk__ivalue_toforcedreg(comp_ctx, res, reg_res);
			duk__emit_extraop_bc(comp_ctx,
			                     DUK_EXTRAOP_UNP,
			                     reg_res);  /* for side effects, result ignored */
			duk__emit_extraop_only(comp_ctx,
			                       DUK_EXTRAOP_INVLHS);
		}
		res->t = DUK_IVAL_PLAIN;
		res->x1.t = DUK_ISPEC_REGCONST;
		res->x1.regconst = (duk_regconst_t) reg_res;
		DUK__SETTEMP(comp_ctx, reg_res + 1);
		return;
	}

 plain_value:
	{
		/* Stack top contains plain value */
		res->t = DUK_IVAL_PLAIN;
		res->x1.t = DUK_ISPEC_VALUE;
		duk_replace(ctx, res->x1.valstack_idx);
		return;
	}

 syntax_error:
	DUK_ERROR_SYNTAX(thr, DUK_STR_INVALID_EXPRESSION);
}

/* XXX: add flag to indicate whether caller cares about return value; this
 * affects e.g. handling of assignment expressions.  This change needs API
 * changes elsewhere too.
 */
DUK_LOCAL void duk__expr_led(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_ivalue *left, duk_ivalue *res) {
	duk_hthread *thr = comp_ctx->thr;
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk_token *tk;
	duk_small_int_t tok;
	duk_uint32_t args;  /* temp variable to pass constants and flags to shared code */

	/*
	 *  ctx->prev_token     token to process with duk__expr_led()
	 *  ctx->curr_token     updated by caller
	 */

	comp_ctx->curr_func.led_count++;

	/* The token in the switch has already been eaten here */
	tk = &comp_ctx->prev_token;
	tok = tk->t;

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("duk__expr_led(), prev_token.t=%ld, allow_in=%ld, paren_level=%ld",
	                     (long) tk->t, (long) comp_ctx->curr_func.allow_in, (long) comp_ctx->curr_func.paren_level));

	/* XXX: default priority for infix operators is duk__expr_lbp(tok) -> get it here? */

	switch (tok) {

	/* PRIMARY EXPRESSIONS */

	case DUK_TOK_PERIOD: {
		/* Property access expressions are critical for correct LHS ordering,
		 * see comments in duk__expr()!
		 *
		 * A conservative approach would be to use duk__ivalue_totempconst()
		 * for 'left'.  However, allowing a reg-bound variable seems safe here
		 * and is nice because "foo.bar" is a common expression.  If the ivalue
		 * is used in an expression a GETPROP will occur before any changes to
		 * the base value can occur.  If the ivalue is used as an assignment
		 * LHS, the assignment code will ensure the base value is safe from
		 * RHS mutation.
		 */

		/* XXX: This now coerces an identifier into a GETVAR to a temp, which
		 * causes an extra LDREG in call setup.  It's sufficient to coerce to a
		 * unary ivalue?
		 */
		duk__ivalue_toplain(comp_ctx, left);

		/* NB: must accept reserved words as property name */
		if (comp_ctx->curr_token.t_nores != DUK_TOK_IDENTIFIER) {
			DUK_ERROR_SYNTAX(thr, DUK_STR_EXPECTED_IDENTIFIER);
		}

		res->t = DUK_IVAL_PROP;
		duk__copy_ispec(comp_ctx, &left->x1, &res->x1);  /* left.x1 -> res.x1 */
		DUK_ASSERT(comp_ctx->curr_token.str1 != NULL);
		duk_push_hstring(ctx, comp_ctx->curr_token.str1);
		duk_replace(ctx, res->x2.valstack_idx);
		res->x2.t = DUK_ISPEC_VALUE;

		/* special RegExp literal handling after IdentifierName */
		comp_ctx->curr_func.reject_regexp_in_adv = 1;

		duk__advance(comp_ctx);
		return;
	}
	case DUK_TOK_LBRACKET: {
		/* Property access expressions are critical for correct LHS ordering,
		 * see comments in duk__expr()!
		 */

		/* XXX: optimize temp reg use */
		/* XXX: similar coercion issue as in DUK_TOK_PERIOD */
		/* XXX: coerce to regs? it might be better for enumeration use, where the
		 * same PROP ivalue is used multiple times.  Or perhaps coerce PROP further
		 * there?
		 */
		/* XXX: for simple cases like x['y'] an unnecessary LDREG is
		 * emitted for the base value; could avoid it if we knew that
		 * the key expression is safe (e.g. just a single literal).
		 */

		/* The 'left' value must not be a register bound variable
		 * because it may be mutated during the rest of the expression
		 * and E5.1 Section 11.2.1 specifies the order of evaluation
		 * so that the base value is evaluated first.
		 * See: test-bug-nested-prop-mutate.js.
		 */
		duk__ivalue_totempconst(comp_ctx, left);
		duk__expr_toplain(comp_ctx, res, DUK__BP_FOR_EXPR /*rbp_flags*/);  /* Expression, ']' terminates */
		duk__advance_expect(comp_ctx, DUK_TOK_RBRACKET);

		res->t = DUK_IVAL_PROP;
		duk__copy_ispec(comp_ctx, &res->x1, &res->x2);   /* res.x1 -> res.x2 */
		duk__copy_ispec(comp_ctx, &left->x1, &res->x1);  /* left.x1 -> res.x1 */
		return;
	}
	case DUK_TOK_LPAREN: {
		/* function call */
		duk_reg_t reg_cs = DUK__ALLOCTEMPS(comp_ctx, 2);
		duk_int_t nargs;
		duk_small_uint_t call_flags = 0;

		/*
		 *  XXX: attempt to get the call result to "next temp" whenever
		 *  possible to avoid unnecessary register shuffles.
		 *
		 *  XXX: CSPROP (and CSREG) can overwrite the call target register, and save one temp,
		 *  if the call target is a temporary register and at the top of the temp reg "stack".
		 */

		/*
		 *  Setup call: target and 'this' binding.  Three cases:
		 *
		 *    1. Identifier base (e.g. "foo()")
		 *    2. Property base (e.g. "foo.bar()")
		 *    3. Register base (e.g. "foo()()"; i.e. when a return value is a function)
		 */

		if (left->t == DUK_IVAL_VAR) {
			duk_hstring *h_varname;
			duk_reg_t reg_varbind;
			duk_regconst_t rc_varname;

			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("function call with identifier base"));

			h_varname = duk_get_hstring(ctx, left->x1.valstack_idx);
			DUK_ASSERT(h_varname != NULL);
			if (h_varname == DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_EVAL(thr)) {
				/* Potential direct eval call detected, flag the CALL
				 * so that a run-time "direct eval" check is made and
				 * special behavior may be triggered.  Note that this
				 * does not prevent 'eval' from being register bound.
				 */
				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("function call with identifier 'eval' "
				                     "-> enabling EVALCALL flag, marking function "
				                     "as may_direct_eval"));
				call_flags |= DUK_BC_CALL_FLAG_EVALCALL;

				comp_ctx->curr_func.may_direct_eval = 1;
			}

			duk_dup(ctx, left->x1.valstack_idx);
			if (duk__lookup_lhs(comp_ctx, &reg_varbind, &rc_varname)) {
				duk__emit_a_b(comp_ctx,
				              DUK_OP_CSREG,
				              (duk_regconst_t) (reg_cs + 0),
				              (duk_regconst_t) reg_varbind);
			} else {
				duk__emit_a_b(comp_ctx,
				              DUK_OP_CSVAR,
				              (duk_regconst_t) (reg_cs + 0),
				              rc_varname);
			}
		} else if (left->t == DUK_IVAL_PROP) {
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("function call with property base"));

			duk__ispec_toforcedreg(comp_ctx, &left->x1, reg_cs + 0);  /* base */
			duk__ispec_toforcedreg(comp_ctx, &left->x2, reg_cs + 1);  /* key */
			duk__emit_a_b_c(comp_ctx,
			                DUK_OP_CSPROP,
			                (duk_regconst_t) (reg_cs + 0),
			                (duk_regconst_t) (reg_cs + 0),
			                (duk_regconst_t) (reg_cs + 1));  /* in-place setup */
		} else {
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("function call with register base"));

			duk__ivalue_toforcedreg(comp_ctx, left, reg_cs + 0);
			duk__emit_a_b(comp_ctx,
			              DUK_OP_CSREG,
			              (duk_regconst_t) (reg_cs + 0),
			              (duk_regconst_t) (reg_cs + 0));  /* in-place setup */
		}

		DUK__SETTEMP(comp_ctx, reg_cs + 2);
		nargs = duk__parse_arguments(comp_ctx, res);  /* parse args starting from "next temp" */

		/* Tailcalls are handled by back-patching the TAILCALL flag to the
		 * already emitted instruction later (in return statement parser).
		 * Since A and C have a special meaning here, they cannot be "shuffled".
		 */

		duk__emit_a_b_c(comp_ctx,
		                DUK_OP_CALL | DUK__EMIT_FLAG_NO_SHUFFLE_A | DUK__EMIT_FLAG_NO_SHUFFLE_C,
		                (duk_regconst_t) call_flags /*flags*/,
		                (duk_regconst_t) reg_cs /*basereg*/,
		                (duk_regconst_t) nargs /*numargs*/);
		DUK__SETTEMP(comp_ctx, reg_cs + 1);    /* result in csreg */

		res->t = DUK_IVAL_PLAIN;
		res->x1.t = DUK_ISPEC_REGCONST;
		res->x1.regconst = (duk_regconst_t) reg_cs;
		return;
	}

	/* POSTFIX EXPRESSION */

	case DUK_TOK_INCREMENT: {
		args = (DUK_OP_POSTINCR << 8) + 0;
		goto postincdec;
	}
	case DUK_TOK_DECREMENT: {
		args = (DUK_OP_POSTDECR << 8) + 0;
		goto postincdec;
	}

	/* MULTIPLICATIVE EXPRESSION */

	case DUK_TOK_MUL: {
		args = (DUK_OP_MUL << 8) + DUK__BP_MULTIPLICATIVE;  /* UnaryExpression */
		goto binary;
	}
	case DUK_TOK_DIV: {
		args = (DUK_OP_DIV << 8) + DUK__BP_MULTIPLICATIVE;  /* UnaryExpression */
		goto binary;
	}
	case DUK_TOK_MOD: {
		args = (DUK_OP_MOD << 8) + DUK__BP_MULTIPLICATIVE;  /* UnaryExpression */
		goto binary;
	}

	/* ADDITIVE EXPRESSION */

	case DUK_TOK_ADD: {
		args = (DUK_OP_ADD << 8) + DUK__BP_ADDITIVE;  /* MultiplicativeExpression */
		goto binary;
	}
	case DUK_TOK_SUB: {
		args = (DUK_OP_SUB << 8) + DUK__BP_ADDITIVE;  /* MultiplicativeExpression */
		goto binary;
	}

	/* SHIFT EXPRESSION */

	case DUK_TOK_ALSHIFT: {
		/* << */
		args = (DUK_OP_BASL << 8) + DUK__BP_SHIFT;
		goto binary;
	}
	case DUK_TOK_ARSHIFT: {
		/* >> */
		args = (DUK_OP_BASR << 8) + DUK__BP_SHIFT;
		goto binary;
	}
	case DUK_TOK_RSHIFT: {
		/* >>> */
		args = (DUK_OP_BLSR << 8) + DUK__BP_SHIFT;
		goto binary;
	}

	/* RELATIONAL EXPRESSION */

	case DUK_TOK_LT: {
		/* < */
		args = (DUK_OP_LT << 8) + DUK__BP_RELATIONAL;
		goto binary;
	}
	case DUK_TOK_GT: {
		args = (DUK_OP_GT << 8) + DUK__BP_RELATIONAL;
		goto binary;
	}
	case DUK_TOK_LE: {
		args = (DUK_OP_LE << 8) + DUK__BP_RELATIONAL;
		goto binary;
	}
	case DUK_TOK_GE: {
		args = (DUK_OP_GE << 8) + DUK__BP_RELATIONAL;
		goto binary;
	}
	case DUK_TOK_INSTANCEOF: {
		args = (1 << 16 /*is_extra*/) + (DUK_EXTRAOP_INSTOF << 8) + DUK__BP_RELATIONAL;
		goto binary;
	}
	case DUK_TOK_IN: {
		args = (1 << 16 /*is_extra*/) + (DUK_EXTRAOP_IN << 8) + DUK__BP_RELATIONAL;
		goto binary;
	}

	/* EQUALITY EXPRESSION */

	case DUK_TOK_EQ: {
		args = (DUK_OP_EQ << 8) + DUK__BP_EQUALITY;
		goto binary;
	}
	case DUK_TOK_NEQ: {
		args = (DUK_OP_NEQ << 8) + DUK__BP_EQUALITY;
		goto binary;
	}
	case DUK_TOK_SEQ: {
		args = (DUK_OP_SEQ << 8) + DUK__BP_EQUALITY;
		goto binary;
	}
	case DUK_TOK_SNEQ: {
		args = (DUK_OP_SNEQ << 8) + DUK__BP_EQUALITY;
		goto binary;
	}

	/* BITWISE EXPRESSIONS */

	case DUK_TOK_BAND: {
		args = (DUK_OP_BAND << 8) + DUK__BP_BAND;
		goto binary;
	}
	case DUK_TOK_BXOR: {
		args = (DUK_OP_BXOR << 8) + DUK__BP_BXOR;
		goto binary;
	}
	case DUK_TOK_BOR: {
		args = (DUK_OP_BOR << 8) + DUK__BP_BOR;
		goto binary;
	}

	/* LOGICAL EXPRESSIONS */

	case DUK_TOK_LAND: {
		/* syntactically left-associative but parsed as right-associative */
		args = (1 << 8) + DUK__BP_LAND - 1;
		goto binary_logical;
	}
	case DUK_TOK_LOR: {
		/* syntactically left-associative but parsed as right-associative */
		args = (0 << 8) + DUK__BP_LOR - 1;
		goto binary_logical;
	}

	/* CONDITIONAL EXPRESSION */

	case DUK_TOK_QUESTION: {
		/* XXX: common reg allocation need is to reuse a sub-expression's temp reg,
		 * but only if it really is a temp.  Nothing fancy here now.
		 */
		duk_reg_t reg_temp;
		duk_int_t pc_jump1;
		duk_int_t pc_jump2;

		reg_temp = DUK__ALLOCTEMP(comp_ctx);
		duk__ivalue_toforcedreg(comp_ctx, left, reg_temp);
		duk__emit_if_true_skip(comp_ctx, reg_temp);
		pc_jump1 = duk__emit_jump_empty(comp_ctx);  /* jump to false */
		duk__expr_toforcedreg(comp_ctx, res, DUK__BP_COMMA /*rbp_flags*/, reg_temp /*forced_reg*/);  /* AssignmentExpression */
		duk__advance_expect(comp_ctx, DUK_TOK_COLON);
		pc_jump2 = duk__emit_jump_empty(comp_ctx);  /* jump to end */
		duk__patch_jump_here(comp_ctx, pc_jump1);
		duk__expr_toforcedreg(comp_ctx, res, DUK__BP_COMMA /*rbp_flags*/, reg_temp /*forced_reg*/);  /* AssignmentExpression */
		duk__patch_jump_here(comp_ctx, pc_jump2);

		DUK__SETTEMP(comp_ctx, reg_temp + 1);
		res->t = DUK_IVAL_PLAIN;
		res->x1.t = DUK_ISPEC_REGCONST;
		res->x1.regconst = (duk_regconst_t) reg_temp;
		return;
	}

	/* ASSIGNMENT EXPRESSION */

	case DUK_TOK_EQUALSIGN: {
		/*
		 *  Assignments are right associative, allows e.g.
		 *    a = 5;
		 *    a += b = 9;   // same as a += (b = 9)
		 *  -> expression value 14, a = 14, b = 9
		 *
		 *  Right associativiness is reflected in the BP for recursion,
		 *  "-1" ensures assignment operations are allowed.
		 *
		 *  XXX: just use DUK__BP_COMMA (i.e. no need for 2-step bp levels)?
		 */
		args = (DUK_OP_NONE << 8) + DUK__BP_ASSIGNMENT - 1;   /* DUK_OP_NONE marks a 'plain' assignment */
		goto assign;
	}
	case DUK_TOK_ADD_EQ: {
		/* right associative */
		args = (DUK_OP_ADD << 8) + DUK__BP_ASSIGNMENT - 1;
		goto assign;
	}
	case DUK_TOK_SUB_EQ: {
		/* right associative */
		args = (DUK_OP_SUB << 8) + DUK__BP_ASSIGNMENT - 1;
		goto assign;
	}
	case DUK_TOK_MUL_EQ: {
		/* right associative */
		args = (DUK_OP_MUL << 8) + DUK__BP_ASSIGNMENT - 1;
		goto assign;
	}
	case DUK_TOK_DIV_EQ: {
		/* right associative */
		args = (DUK_OP_DIV << 8) + DUK__BP_ASSIGNMENT - 1;
		goto assign;
	}
	case DUK_TOK_MOD_EQ: {
		/* right associative */
		args = (DUK_OP_MOD << 8) + DUK__BP_ASSIGNMENT - 1;
		goto assign;
	}
	case DUK_TOK_ALSHIFT_EQ: {
		/* right associative */
		args = (DUK_OP_BASL << 8) + DUK__BP_ASSIGNMENT - 1;
		goto assign;
	}
	case DUK_TOK_ARSHIFT_EQ: {
		/* right associative */
		args = (DUK_OP_BASR << 8) + DUK__BP_ASSIGNMENT - 1;
		goto assign;
	}
	case DUK_TOK_RSHIFT_EQ: {
		/* right associative */
		args = (DUK_OP_BLSR << 8) + DUK__BP_ASSIGNMENT - 1;
		goto assign;
	}
	case DUK_TOK_BAND_EQ: {
		/* right associative */
		args = (DUK_OP_BAND << 8) + DUK__BP_ASSIGNMENT - 1;
		goto assign;
	}
	case DUK_TOK_BOR_EQ: {
		/* right associative */
		args = (DUK_OP_BOR << 8) + DUK__BP_ASSIGNMENT - 1;
		goto assign;
	}
	case DUK_TOK_BXOR_EQ: {
		/* right associative */
		args = (DUK_OP_BXOR << 8) + DUK__BP_ASSIGNMENT - 1;
		goto assign;
	}

	/* COMMA */

	case DUK_TOK_COMMA: {
		/* right associative */

		duk__ivalue_toplain_ignore(comp_ctx, left);  /* need side effects, not value */
		duk__expr_toplain(comp_ctx, res, DUK__BP_COMMA - 1 /*rbp_flags*/);

		/* return 'res' (of right part) as our result */
		return;
	}

	default: {
		break;
	}
	}

	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("parse error: unexpected token: %ld", (long) tok));
	DUK_ERROR_SYNTAX(thr, DUK_STR_PARSE_ERROR);
	return;

#if 0
	/* XXX: shared handling for 'duk__expr_lhs'? */
	if (comp_ctx->curr_func.paren_level == 0 && XXX) {
		comp_ctx->curr_func.duk__expr_lhs = 0;
	}
#endif

 binary:
	/*
	 *  Shared handling of binary operations
	 *
	 *  args = (is_extraop << 16) + (opcode << 8) + rbp
	 */
	{
		duk__ivalue_toplain(comp_ctx, left);
		duk__expr_toplain(comp_ctx, res, args & 0xff /*rbp_flags*/);

		/* combine left->x1 and res->x1 (right->x1, really) -> (left->x1 OP res->x1) */
		DUK_ASSERT(left->t == DUK_IVAL_PLAIN);
		DUK_ASSERT(res->t == DUK_IVAL_PLAIN);

		res->t = (args >> 16) ? DUK_IVAL_ARITH_EXTRAOP : DUK_IVAL_ARITH;
		res->op = (args >> 8) & 0xff;

		res->x2.t = res->x1.t;
		res->x2.regconst = res->x1.regconst;
		duk_copy(ctx, res->x1.valstack_idx, res->x2.valstack_idx);

		res->x1.t = left->x1.t;
		res->x1.regconst = left->x1.regconst;
		duk_copy(ctx, left->x1.valstack_idx, res->x1.valstack_idx);

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("binary op, res: t=%ld, x1.t=%ld, x1.regconst=0x%08lx, x2.t=%ld, x2.regconst=0x%08lx",
		                     (long) res->t, (long) res->x1.t, (unsigned long) res->x1.regconst, (long) res->x2.t, (unsigned long) res->x2.regconst));
		return;
	}

 binary_logical:
	/*
	 *  Shared handling for logical AND and logical OR.
	 *
	 *  args = (truthval << 8) + rbp
	 *
	 *  Truthval determines when to skip right-hand-side.
	 *  For logical AND truthval=1, for logical OR truthval=0.
	 *
	 *  See doc/compiler.rst for discussion on compiling logical
	 *  AND and OR expressions.  The approach here is very simplistic,
	 *  generating extra jumps and multiple evaluations of truth values,
	 *  but generates code on-the-fly with only local back-patching.
	 *
	 *  Both logical AND and OR are syntactically left-associated.
	 *  However, logical ANDs are compiled as right associative
	 *  expressions, i.e. "A && B && C" as "A && (B && C)", to allow
	 *  skip jumps to skip over the entire tail.  Similarly for logical OR.
	 */

	{
		duk_reg_t reg_temp;
		duk_int_t pc_jump;
		duk_small_uint_t args_truthval = args >> 8;
		duk_small_uint_t args_rbp = args & 0xff;

		/* XXX: unoptimal use of temps, resetting */

		reg_temp = DUK__ALLOCTEMP(comp_ctx);

		duk__ivalue_toforcedreg(comp_ctx, left, reg_temp);
		duk__emit_a_b(comp_ctx,
		              DUK_OP_IF | DUK__EMIT_FLAG_NO_SHUFFLE_A,
		              (duk_regconst_t) args_truthval,
		              (duk_regconst_t) reg_temp);  /* skip jump conditionally */
		pc_jump = duk__emit_jump_empty(comp_ctx);
		duk__expr_toforcedreg(comp_ctx, res, args_rbp /*rbp_flags*/, reg_temp /*forced_reg*/);
		duk__patch_jump_here(comp_ctx, pc_jump);

		res->t = DUK_IVAL_PLAIN;
		res->x1.t = DUK_ISPEC_REGCONST;
		res->x1.regconst = (duk_regconst_t) reg_temp;
		return;
	}

 assign:
	/*
	 *  Shared assignment expression handling
	 *
	 *  args = (opcode << 8) + rbp
	 *
	 *  If 'opcode' is DUK_OP_NONE, plain assignment without arithmetic.
	 *  Syntactically valid left-hand-side forms which are not accepted as
	 *  left-hand-side values (e.g. as in "f() = 1") must NOT cause a
	 *  SyntaxError, but rather a run-time ReferenceError.
	 *
	 *  When evaluating X <op>= Y, the LHS (X) is conceptually evaluated
	 *  to a temporary first.  The RHS is then evaluated.  Finally, the
	 *  <op> is applied to the initial value of RHS (not the value after
	 *  RHS evaluation), and written to X.  Doing so concretely generates
	 *  inefficient code so we'd like to avoid the temporary when possible.
	 *  See: https://github.com/svaarala/duktape/pull/992.
	 *
	 *  The expression value (final LHS value, written to RHS) is
	 *  conceptually copied into a fresh temporary so that it won't
	 *  change even if the LHS/RHS values change in outer expressions.
	 *  For example, it'd be generally incorrect for the expression value
	 *  to be the RHS register binding, unless there's a guarantee that it
	 *  won't change during further expression evaluation.  Using the
	 *  temporary concretely produces inefficient bytecode, so we try to
	 *  avoid the extra temporary for some known-to-be-safe cases.
	 *  Currently the only safe case we detect is a "top level assignment",
	 *  for example "x = y + z;", where the assignment expression value is
	 *  ignored.
	 *  See: test-dev-assign-expr.js and test-bug-assign-mutate-gh381.js.
	 */

	{
		duk_small_uint_t args_op = args >> 8;
		duk_small_uint_t args_rbp = args & 0xff;
		duk_bool_t toplevel_assign;

		/* XXX: here we need to know if 'left' is left-hand-side compatible.
		 * That information is no longer available from current expr parsing
		 * state; it would need to be carried into the 'left' ivalue or by
		 * some other means.
		 */

		/* A top-level assignment is e.g. "x = y;".  For these it's safe
		 * to use the RHS as-is as the expression value, even if the RHS
		 * is a reg-bound identifier.  The RHS ('res') is right associative
		 * so it has consumed all other assignment level operations; the
		 * only relevant lower binding power construct is comma operator
		 * which will ignore the expression value provided here.  Usually
		 * the top level assignment expression value is ignored, but it
		 * is relevant for e.g. eval code.
		 */
		toplevel_assign = (comp_ctx->curr_func.nud_count == 1 && /* one token before */
		                   comp_ctx->curr_func.led_count == 1);  /* one operator (= assign) */
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("assignment: nud_count=%ld, led_count=%ld, toplevel_assign=%ld",
		                     (long) comp_ctx->curr_func.nud_count,
		                     (long) comp_ctx->curr_func.led_count,
		                     (long) toplevel_assign));

		if (left->t == DUK_IVAL_VAR) {
			duk_hstring *h_varname;
			duk_reg_t reg_varbind;
			duk_regconst_t rc_varname;

			DUK_ASSERT(left->x1.t == DUK_ISPEC_VALUE);  /* LHS is already side effect free */

			h_varname = duk_get_hstring(ctx, left->x1.valstack_idx);
			DUK_ASSERT(h_varname != NULL);
			if (duk__hstring_is_eval_or_arguments_in_strict_mode(comp_ctx, h_varname)) {
				/* E5 Section 11.13.1 (and others for other assignments), step 4. */
				goto syntax_error_lvalue;
			}
			duk_dup(ctx, left->x1.valstack_idx);
			(void) duk__lookup_lhs(comp_ctx, &reg_varbind, &rc_varname);

			if (args_op == DUK_OP_NONE) {
				duk__expr(comp_ctx, res, args_rbp /*rbp_flags*/);
				if (toplevel_assign) {
					/* Any 'res' will do. */
					DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("plain assignment, toplevel assign, use as is"));
				} else {
					/* 'res' must be a plain ivalue, and not register-bound variable. */
					DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("plain assignment, not toplevel assign, ensure not a reg-bound identifier"));
					if (res->t != DUK_IVAL_PLAIN || (res->x1.t == DUK_ISPEC_REGCONST &&
					                                 (res->x1.regconst & DUK__CONST_MARKER) == 0 &&
					                                 !DUK__ISTEMP(comp_ctx, res->x1.regconst))) {
						duk__ivalue_totempconst(comp_ctx, res);
					}
				}
			} else {
				/* For X <op>= Y we need to evaluate the pre-op
				 * value of X before evaluating the RHS: the RHS
				 * can change X, but when we do <op> we must use
				 * the pre-op value.
				 */
				duk_reg_t reg_temp;

				reg_temp = DUK__ALLOCTEMP(comp_ctx);

				if (reg_varbind >= 0) {
					duk_reg_t reg_res;
					duk_reg_t reg_src;
					duk_int_t pc_temp_load;
					duk_int_t pc_before_rhs;
					duk_int_t pc_after_rhs;

					if (toplevel_assign) {
						/* 'reg_varbind' is the operation result and can also
						 * become the expression value for top level assignments
						 * such as: "var x; x += y;".
						 */
						DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("<op>= expression is top level, write directly to reg_varbind"));
						reg_res = reg_varbind;
					} else {
						/* Not safe to use 'reg_varbind' as assignment expression
						 * value, so go through a temp.
						 */
						DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("<op>= expression is not top level, write to reg_temp"));
						reg_res = reg_temp;  /* reg_res should be smallest possible */
						reg_temp = DUK__ALLOCTEMP(comp_ctx);
					}

					/* Try to optimize X <op>= Y for reg-bound
					 * variables.  Detect side-effect free RHS
					 * narrowly by seeing whether it emits code.
					 * If not, rewind the code emitter and overwrite
					 * the unnecessary temp reg load.
					 */

					pc_temp_load = duk__get_current_pc(comp_ctx);
					duk__emit_a_bc(comp_ctx,
					               DUK_OP_LDREG,
					               (duk_regconst_t) reg_temp,
					               reg_varbind);

					pc_before_rhs = duk__get_current_pc(comp_ctx);
					duk__expr_toregconst(comp_ctx, res, args_rbp /*rbp_flags*/);
					DUK_ASSERT(res->t == DUK_IVAL_PLAIN && res->x1.t == DUK_ISPEC_REGCONST);
					pc_after_rhs = duk__get_current_pc(comp_ctx);

					DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("pc_temp_load=%ld, pc_before_rhs=%ld, pc_after_rhs=%ld",
					                   (long) pc_temp_load, (long) pc_before_rhs,
					                   (long) pc_after_rhs));

					if (pc_after_rhs == pc_before_rhs) {
						/* Note: if the reg_temp load generated shuffling
						 * instructions, we may need to rewind more than
						 * one instruction, so use explicit PC computation.
						 */
						DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("rhs is side effect free, rewind and avoid unnecessary temp for reg-based <op>="));
						DUK_BW_ADD_PTR(comp_ctx->thr, &comp_ctx->curr_func.bw_code, (pc_temp_load - pc_before_rhs) * sizeof(duk_compiler_instr));
						reg_src = reg_varbind;
					} else {
						DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("rhs evaluation emitted code, not sure if rhs is side effect free; use temp reg for LHS"));
						reg_src = reg_temp;
					}

					duk__emit_a_b_c(comp_ctx,
					                args_op,
					                (duk_regconst_t) reg_res,
					                (duk_regconst_t) reg_src,
					                res->x1.regconst);

					res->x1.regconst = (duk_regconst_t) reg_res;

					/* Ensure compact use of temps. */
					if (DUK__ISTEMP(comp_ctx, reg_res)) {
						DUK__SETTEMP(comp_ctx, reg_res + 1);
					}
				} else {
					/* When LHS is not register bound, always go through a
					 * temporary.  No optimization for top level assignment.
					 */

					duk__emit_a_bc(comp_ctx,
					               DUK_OP_GETVAR,
					               (duk_regconst_t) reg_temp,
					               rc_varname);

					duk__expr_toregconst(comp_ctx, res, args_rbp /*rbp_flags*/);
					DUK_ASSERT(res->t == DUK_IVAL_PLAIN && res->x1.t == DUK_ISPEC_REGCONST);

					duk__emit_a_b_c(comp_ctx,
					                args_op,
					                (duk_regconst_t) reg_temp,
					                (duk_regconst_t) reg_temp,
					                res->x1.regconst);
					res->x1.regconst = (duk_regconst_t) reg_temp;
				}

				DUK_ASSERT(res->t == DUK_IVAL_PLAIN && res->x1.t == DUK_ISPEC_REGCONST);
			}

			/* At this point 'res' holds the potential expression value.
			 * It can be basically any ivalue here, including a reg-bound
			 * identifier (if code above deems it safe) or a unary/binary
			 * operation.  Operations must be resolved to a side effect free
			 * plain value, and the side effects must happen exactly once.
			 */

			if (reg_varbind >= 0) {
				if (res->t != DUK_IVAL_PLAIN) {
					/* Resolve 'res' directly into the LHS binding, and use
					 * that as the expression value if safe.  If not safe,
					 * resolve to a temp/const and copy to LHS.
					 */
					if (toplevel_assign) {
						duk__ivalue_toforcedreg(comp_ctx, res, (duk_int_t) reg_varbind);
					} else {
						duk__ivalue_totempconst(comp_ctx, res);
						duk__copy_ivalue(comp_ctx, res, left);  /* use 'left' as a temp */
						duk__ivalue_toforcedreg(comp_ctx, left, (duk_int_t) reg_varbind);
					}
				} else {
					/* Use 'res' as the expression value (it's side effect
					 * free and may be a plain value, a register, or a
					 * constant) and write it to the LHS binding too.
					 */
					duk__copy_ivalue(comp_ctx, res, left);  /* use 'left' as a temp */
					duk__ivalue_toforcedreg(comp_ctx, left, (duk_int_t) reg_varbind);
				}
			} else {
				/* Only a reg fits into 'A' so coerce 'res' into a register
				 * for PUTVAR.
				 *
				 * XXX: here the current A/B/C split is suboptimal: we could
				 * just use 9 bits for reg_res (and support constants) and 17
				 * instead of 18 bits for the varname const index.
				 */

				duk__ivalue_toreg(comp_ctx, res);
				duk__emit_a_bc(comp_ctx,
				               DUK_OP_PUTVAR | DUK__EMIT_FLAG_A_IS_SOURCE,
				               res->x1.regconst,
				               rc_varname);
			}

			/* 'res' contains expression value */
		} else if (left->t == DUK_IVAL_PROP) {
			/* E5 Section 11.13.1 (and others) step 4 never matches for prop writes -> no check */
			duk_reg_t reg_obj;
			duk_regconst_t rc_key;
			duk_regconst_t rc_res;
			duk_reg_t reg_temp;

			/* Property access expressions ('a[b]') are critical to correct
			 * LHS evaluation ordering, see test-dev-assign-eval-order*.js.
			 * We must make sure that the LHS target slot (base object and
			 * key) don't change during RHS evaluation.  The only concrete
			 * problem is a register reference to a variable-bound register
			 * (i.e., non-temp).  Require temp regs for both key and base.
			 *
			 * Don't allow a constant for the object (even for a number
			 * etc), as it goes into the 'A' field of the opcode.
			 */

			reg_obj = duk__ispec_toregconst_raw(comp_ctx,
			                                    &left->x1,
			                                    -1 /*forced_reg*/,
			                                    DUK__IVAL_FLAG_REQUIRE_TEMP /*flags*/);

			rc_key = duk__ispec_toregconst_raw(comp_ctx,
			                                   &left->x2,
			                                   -1 /*forced_reg*/,
			                                   DUK__IVAL_FLAG_REQUIRE_TEMP | DUK__IVAL_FLAG_ALLOW_CONST /*flags*/);

			/* Evaluate RHS only when LHS is safe. */

			if (args_op == DUK_OP_NONE) {
				duk__expr_toregconst(comp_ctx, res, args_rbp /*rbp_flags*/);
				DUK_ASSERT(res->t == DUK_IVAL_PLAIN && res->x1.t == DUK_ISPEC_REGCONST);
				rc_res = res->x1.regconst;
			} else {
				reg_temp = DUK__ALLOCTEMP(comp_ctx);
				duk__emit_a_b_c(comp_ctx,
				                DUK_OP_GETPROP,
				                (duk_regconst_t) reg_temp,
				                (duk_regconst_t) reg_obj,
				                rc_key);

				duk__expr_toregconst(comp_ctx, res, args_rbp /*rbp_flags*/);
				DUK_ASSERT(res->t == DUK_IVAL_PLAIN && res->x1.t == DUK_ISPEC_REGCONST);

				duk__emit_a_b_c(comp_ctx,
				                args_op,
				                (duk_regconst_t) reg_temp,
				                (duk_regconst_t) reg_temp,
				                res->x1.regconst);
				rc_res = (duk_regconst_t) reg_temp;
			}

			duk__emit_a_b_c(comp_ctx,
			                DUK_OP_PUTPROP | DUK__EMIT_FLAG_A_IS_SOURCE,
			                (duk_regconst_t) reg_obj,
			                rc_key,
			                rc_res);

			res->t = DUK_IVAL_PLAIN;
			res->x1.t = DUK_ISPEC_REGCONST;
			res->x1.regconst = rc_res;
		} else {
			/* No support for lvalues returned from new or function call expressions.
			 * However, these must NOT cause compile-time SyntaxErrors, but run-time
			 * ReferenceErrors.  Both left and right sides of the assignment must be
			 * evaluated before throwing a ReferenceError.  For instance:
			 *
			 *     f() = g();
			 *
			 * must result in f() being evaluated, then g() being evaluated, and
			 * finally, a ReferenceError being thrown.  See E5 Section 11.13.1.
			 */

			duk_regconst_t rc_res;

			/* First evaluate LHS fully to ensure all side effects are out. */
			duk__ivalue_toplain_ignore(comp_ctx, left);

			/* Then evaluate RHS fully (its value becomes the expression value too).
			 * Technically we'd need the side effect safety check here too, but because
			 * we always throw using INVLHS the result doesn't matter.
			 */
			rc_res = duk__expr_toregconst(comp_ctx, res, args_rbp /*rbp_flags*/);

			duk__emit_extraop_only(comp_ctx,
			                       DUK_EXTRAOP_INVLHS);

			res->t = DUK_IVAL_PLAIN;
			res->x1.t = DUK_ISPEC_REGCONST;
			res->x1.regconst = rc_res;
		}

		return;
	}

 postincdec:
	{
		/*
		 *  Post-increment/decrement will return the original value as its
		 *  result value.  However, even that value will be coerced using
		 *  ToNumber() which is quite awkward.  Specific bytecode opcodes
		 *  are used to handle these semantics.
		 *
		 *  Note that post increment/decrement has a "no LineTerminator here"
		 *  restriction.  This is handled by duk__expr_lbp(), which forcibly terminates
		 *  the previous expression if a LineTerminator occurs before '++'/'--'.
		 */

		duk_reg_t reg_res;
		duk_small_uint_t args_op = args >> 8;

		/* Specific assumptions for opcode numbering. */
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_OP_POSTINCR + 4 == DUK_OP_POSTINCV);
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_OP_POSTDECR + 4 == DUK_OP_POSTDECV);
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_OP_POSTINCR + 8 == DUK_OP_POSTINCP);
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_OP_POSTDECR + 8 == DUK_OP_POSTDECP);

		reg_res = DUK__ALLOCTEMP(comp_ctx);

		if (left->t == DUK_IVAL_VAR) {
			duk_hstring *h_varname;
			duk_reg_t reg_varbind;
			duk_regconst_t rc_varname;

			h_varname = duk_get_hstring(ctx, left->x1.valstack_idx);
			DUK_ASSERT(h_varname != NULL);

			if (duk__hstring_is_eval_or_arguments_in_strict_mode(comp_ctx, h_varname)) {
				goto syntax_error;
			}

			duk_dup(ctx, left->x1.valstack_idx);
			if (duk__lookup_lhs(comp_ctx, &reg_varbind, &rc_varname)) {
				duk__emit_a_bc(comp_ctx,
				               args_op,  /* e.g. DUK_OP_POSTINCR */
				               (duk_regconst_t) reg_res,
				               (duk_regconst_t) reg_varbind);
			} else {
				duk__emit_a_bc(comp_ctx,
				               args_op + 4,  /* e.g. DUK_OP_POSTINCV */
				               (duk_regconst_t) reg_res,
				               rc_varname);
			}

			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("postincdec to '%!O' -> reg_varbind=%ld, rc_varname=%ld",
			                     (duk_heaphdr *) h_varname, (long) reg_varbind, (long) rc_varname));
		} else if (left->t == DUK_IVAL_PROP) {
			duk_reg_t reg_obj;  /* allocate to reg only (not const) */
			duk_regconst_t rc_key;

			reg_obj = duk__ispec_toregconst_raw(comp_ctx, &left->x1, -1 /*forced_reg*/, 0 /*flags*/);  /* don't allow const */
			rc_key = duk__ispec_toregconst_raw(comp_ctx, &left->x2, -1 /*forced_reg*/, DUK__IVAL_FLAG_ALLOW_CONST /*flags*/);
			duk__emit_a_b_c(comp_ctx,
			                args_op + 8,  /* e.g. DUK_OP_POSTINCP */
			                (duk_regconst_t) reg_res,
			                (duk_regconst_t) reg_obj,
			                rc_key);
		} else {
			/* Technically return value is not needed because INVLHS will
			 * unconditially throw a ReferenceError.  Coercion is necessary
			 * for proper semantics (consider ToNumber() called for an object).
			 * Use DUK_EXTRAOP_UNP with a dummy register to get ToNumber().
			 */
			duk__ivalue_toforcedreg(comp_ctx, left, reg_res);
			duk__emit_extraop_bc(comp_ctx,
			                     DUK_EXTRAOP_UNP,
			                     reg_res);  /* for side effects, result ignored */
			duk__emit_extraop_only(comp_ctx,
			                       DUK_EXTRAOP_INVLHS);
		}

		res->t = DUK_IVAL_PLAIN;
		res->x1.t = DUK_ISPEC_REGCONST;
		res->x1.regconst = (duk_regconst_t) reg_res;
		DUK__SETTEMP(comp_ctx, reg_res + 1);
		return;
	}

 syntax_error:
	DUK_ERROR_SYNTAX(thr, DUK_STR_INVALID_EXPRESSION);
	return;

 syntax_error_lvalue:
	DUK_ERROR_SYNTAX(thr, DUK_STR_INVALID_LVALUE);
	return;
}

DUK_LOCAL duk_small_uint_t duk__expr_lbp(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx) {
	duk_small_int_t tok = comp_ctx->curr_token.t;

	DUK_ASSERT(tok >= DUK_TOK_MINVAL && tok <= DUK_TOK_MAXVAL);
	DUK_ASSERT(sizeof(duk__token_lbp) == DUK_TOK_MAXVAL + 1);

	/* XXX: integrate support for this into led() instead?
	 * Similar issue as post-increment/post-decrement.
	 */

	/* prevent duk__expr_led() by using a binding power less than anything valid */
	if (tok == DUK_TOK_IN && !comp_ctx->curr_func.allow_in) {
		return 0;
	}

	if ((tok == DUK_TOK_DECREMENT || tok == DUK_TOK_INCREMENT) &&
	    (comp_ctx->curr_token.lineterm)) {
		/* '++' or '--' in a post-increment/decrement position,
		 * and a LineTerminator occurs between the operator and
		 * the preceding expression.  Force the previous expr
		 * to terminate, in effect treating e.g. "a,b\n++" as
		 * "a,b;++" (= SyntaxError).
		 */
		return 0;
	}

	return DUK__TOKEN_LBP_GET_BP(duk__token_lbp[tok]);  /* format is bit packed */
}

/*
 *  Expression parsing.
 *
 *  Upon entry to 'expr' and its variants, 'curr_tok' is assumed to be the
 *  first token of the expression.  Upon exit, 'curr_tok' will be the first
 *  token not part of the expression (e.g. semicolon terminating an expression
 *  statement).
 */

#define DUK__EXPR_RBP_MASK           0xff
#define DUK__EXPR_FLAG_REJECT_IN     (1 << 8)   /* reject 'in' token (used for for-in) */
#define DUK__EXPR_FLAG_ALLOW_EMPTY   (1 << 9)   /* allow empty expression */
#define DUK__EXPR_FLAG_REQUIRE_INIT  (1 << 10)  /* require initializer for var/const */

/* main expression parser function */
DUK_LOCAL void duk__expr(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_ivalue *res, duk_small_uint_t rbp_flags) {
	duk_hthread *thr = comp_ctx->thr;
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk_ivalue tmp_alloc;   /* 'res' is used for "left", and 'tmp' for "right" */
	duk_ivalue *tmp = &tmp_alloc;
	duk_small_uint_t rbp;

	DUK__RECURSION_INCREASE(comp_ctx, thr);

	duk_require_stack(ctx, DUK__PARSE_EXPR_SLOTS);

	/* filter out flags from exprtop rbp_flags here to save space */
	rbp = rbp_flags & DUK__EXPR_RBP_MASK;

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("duk__expr(), rbp_flags=%ld, rbp=%ld, allow_in=%ld, paren_level=%ld",
	                     (long) rbp_flags, (long) rbp, (long) comp_ctx->curr_func.allow_in,
	                     (long) comp_ctx->curr_func.paren_level));

	DUK_MEMZERO(&tmp_alloc, sizeof(tmp_alloc));
	tmp->x1.valstack_idx = duk_get_top(ctx);
	tmp->x2.valstack_idx = tmp->x1.valstack_idx + 1;
	duk_push_undefined(ctx);
	duk_push_undefined(ctx);

	/* XXX: where to release temp regs in intermediate expressions?
	 * e.g. 1+2+3 -> don't inflate temp register count when parsing this.
	 * that particular expression temp regs can be forced here.
	 */

	/* XXX: increase ctx->expr_tokens here for every consumed token
	 * (this would be a nice statistic)?
	 */

	if (comp_ctx->curr_token.t == DUK_TOK_SEMICOLON || comp_ctx->curr_token.t == DUK_TOK_RPAREN) {
		/* XXX: possibly incorrect handling of empty expression */
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("empty expression"));
		if (!(rbp_flags & DUK__EXPR_FLAG_ALLOW_EMPTY)) {
			DUK_ERROR_SYNTAX(thr, DUK_STR_EMPTY_EXPR_NOT_ALLOWED);
		}
		res->t = DUK_IVAL_PLAIN;
		res->x1.t = DUK_ISPEC_VALUE;
		duk_push_undefined(ctx);
		duk_replace(ctx, res->x1.valstack_idx);
		goto cleanup;
	}

	duk__advance(comp_ctx);
	duk__expr_nud(comp_ctx, res);  /* reuse 'res' as 'left' */
	while (rbp < duk__expr_lbp(comp_ctx)) {
		duk__advance(comp_ctx);
		duk__expr_led(comp_ctx, res, tmp);
		duk__copy_ivalue(comp_ctx, tmp, res);  /* tmp -> res */
	}

 cleanup:
	/* final result is already in 'res' */

	duk_pop_2(ctx);

	DUK__RECURSION_DECREASE(comp_ctx, thr);
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__exprtop(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_ivalue *res, duk_small_uint_t rbp_flags) {
	duk_hthread *thr = comp_ctx->thr;

	/* Note: these variables must reside in 'curr_func' instead of the global
	 * context: when parsing function expressions, expression parsing is nested.
	 */
	comp_ctx->curr_func.nud_count = 0;
	comp_ctx->curr_func.led_count = 0;
	comp_ctx->curr_func.paren_level = 0;
	comp_ctx->curr_func.expr_lhs = 1;
	comp_ctx->curr_func.allow_in = (rbp_flags & DUK__EXPR_FLAG_REJECT_IN ? 0 : 1);

	duk__expr(comp_ctx, res, rbp_flags);

	if (!(rbp_flags & DUK__EXPR_FLAG_ALLOW_EMPTY) && duk__expr_is_empty(comp_ctx)) {
		DUK_ERROR_SYNTAX(thr, DUK_STR_EMPTY_EXPR_NOT_ALLOWED);
	}
}

/* A bunch of helpers (for size optimization) that combine duk__expr()/duk__exprtop()
 * and result conversions.
 *
 * Each helper needs at least 2-3 calls to make it worth while to wrap.
 */

#if 0  /* unused */
DUK_LOCAL duk_reg_t duk__expr_toreg(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_ivalue *res, duk_small_uint_t rbp_flags) {
	duk__expr(comp_ctx, res, rbp_flags);
	return duk__ivalue_toreg(comp_ctx, res);
}
#endif

#if 0  /* unused */
DUK_LOCAL duk_reg_t duk__expr_totemp(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_ivalue *res, duk_small_uint_t rbp_flags) {
	duk__expr(comp_ctx, res, rbp_flags);
	return duk__ivalue_totemp(comp_ctx, res);
}
#endif

DUK_LOCAL void duk__expr_toforcedreg(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_ivalue *res, duk_small_uint_t rbp_flags, duk_reg_t forced_reg) {
	DUK_ASSERT(forced_reg >= 0);
	duk__expr(comp_ctx, res, rbp_flags);
	duk__ivalue_toforcedreg(comp_ctx, res, forced_reg);
}

DUK_LOCAL duk_regconst_t duk__expr_toregconst(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_ivalue *res, duk_small_uint_t rbp_flags) {
	duk__expr(comp_ctx, res, rbp_flags);
	return duk__ivalue_toregconst(comp_ctx, res);
}

#if 0  /* unused */
DUK_LOCAL duk_regconst_t duk__expr_totempconst(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_ivalue *res, duk_small_uint_t rbp_flags) {
	duk__expr(comp_ctx, res, rbp_flags);
	return duk__ivalue_totempconst(comp_ctx, res);
}
#endif

DUK_LOCAL void duk__expr_toplain(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_ivalue *res, duk_small_uint_t rbp_flags) {
	duk__expr(comp_ctx, res, rbp_flags);
	duk__ivalue_toplain(comp_ctx, res);
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__expr_toplain_ignore(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_ivalue *res, duk_small_uint_t rbp_flags) {
	duk__expr(comp_ctx, res, rbp_flags);
	duk__ivalue_toplain_ignore(comp_ctx, res);
}

DUK_LOCAL duk_reg_t duk__exprtop_toreg(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_ivalue *res, duk_small_uint_t rbp_flags) {
	duk__exprtop(comp_ctx, res, rbp_flags);
	return duk__ivalue_toreg(comp_ctx, res);
}

#if 0  /* unused */
DUK_LOCAL duk_reg_t duk__exprtop_totemp(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_ivalue *res, duk_small_uint_t rbp_flags) {
	duk__exprtop(comp_ctx, res, rbp_flags);
	return duk__ivalue_totemp(comp_ctx, res);
}
#endif

DUK_LOCAL void duk__exprtop_toforcedreg(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_ivalue *res, duk_small_uint_t rbp_flags, duk_reg_t forced_reg) {
	DUK_ASSERT(forced_reg >= 0);
	duk__exprtop(comp_ctx, res, rbp_flags);
	duk__ivalue_toforcedreg(comp_ctx, res, forced_reg);
}

DUK_LOCAL duk_regconst_t duk__exprtop_toregconst(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_ivalue *res, duk_small_uint_t rbp_flags) {
	duk__exprtop(comp_ctx, res, rbp_flags);
	return duk__ivalue_toregconst(comp_ctx, res);
}

#if 0  /* unused */
DUK_LOCAL void duk__exprtop_toplain_ignore(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_ivalue *res, int rbp_flags) {
	duk__exprtop(comp_ctx, res, rbp_flags);
	duk__ivalue_toplain_ignore(comp_ctx, res);
}
#endif

/*
 *  Parse an individual source element (top level statement) or a statement.
 *
 *  Handles labeled statements automatically (peeling away labels before
 *  parsing an expression that follows the label(s)).
 *
 *  Upon entry, 'curr_tok' contains the first token of the statement (parsed
 *  in "allow regexp literal" mode).  Upon exit, 'curr_tok' contains the first
 *  token following the statement (if the statement has a terminator, this is
 *  the token after the terminator).
 */

#ifdef DUK__HAS_VAL
#undef DUK__HAS_VAL
#endif
#ifdef DUK__HAS_TERM
#undef DUK__HAS_TERM
#endif
#ifdef DUK__ALLOW_AUTO_SEMI_ALWAYS
#undef DUK__ALLOW_AUTO_SEMI_ALWAYS
#endif
#ifdef DUK__STILL_PROLOGUE
#undef DUK__STILL_PROLOGUE
#endif
#ifdef DUK__IS_TERMINAL
#undef DUK__IS_TERMINAL
#endif

#define DUK__HAS_VAL                  (1 << 0)  /* stmt has non-empty value */
#define DUK__HAS_TERM                 (1 << 1)  /* stmt has explicit/implicit semicolon terminator */
#define DUK__ALLOW_AUTO_SEMI_ALWAYS   (1 << 2)  /* allow automatic semicolon even without lineterm (compatibility) */
#define DUK__STILL_PROLOGUE           (1 << 3)  /* statement does not terminate directive prologue */
#define DUK__IS_TERMINAL              (1 << 4)  /* statement is guaranteed to be terminal (control doesn't flow to next statement) */

/* Parse a single variable declaration (e.g. "i" or "i=10").  A leading 'var'
 * has already been eaten.  These is no return value in 'res', it is used only
 * as a temporary.
 *
 * When called from 'for-in' statement parser, the initializer expression must
 * not allow the 'in' token.  The caller supply additional expression parsing
 * flags (like DUK__EXPR_FLAG_REJECT_IN) in 'expr_flags'.
 *
 * Finally, out_rc_varname and out_reg_varbind are updated to reflect where
 * the identifier is bound:
 *
 *    If register bound:      out_reg_varbind >= 0, out_rc_varname == 0 (ignore)
 *    If not register bound:  out_reg_varbind < 0, out_rc_varname >= 0
 *
 * These allow the caller to use the variable for further assignment, e.g.
 * as is done in 'for-in' parsing.
 */

DUK_LOCAL void duk__parse_var_decl(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_ivalue *res, duk_small_uint_t expr_flags, duk_reg_t *out_reg_varbind, duk_regconst_t *out_rc_varname) {
	duk_hthread *thr = comp_ctx->thr;
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk_hstring *h_varname;
	duk_reg_t reg_varbind;
	duk_regconst_t rc_varname;

	/* assume 'var' has been eaten */

	/* Note: Identifier rejects reserved words */
	if (comp_ctx->curr_token.t != DUK_TOK_IDENTIFIER) {
		goto syntax_error;
	}
	h_varname = comp_ctx->curr_token.str1;

	DUK_ASSERT(h_varname != NULL);

	/* strict mode restrictions (E5 Section 12.2.1) */
	if (duk__hstring_is_eval_or_arguments_in_strict_mode(comp_ctx, h_varname)) {
		goto syntax_error;
	}

	/* register declarations in first pass */
	if (comp_ctx->curr_func.in_scanning) {
		duk_uarridx_t n;
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("register variable declaration %!O in pass 1",
		                     (duk_heaphdr *) h_varname));
		n = (duk_uarridx_t) duk_get_length(ctx, comp_ctx->curr_func.decls_idx);
		duk_push_hstring(ctx, h_varname);
		duk_put_prop_index(ctx, comp_ctx->curr_func.decls_idx, n);
		duk_push_int(ctx, DUK_DECL_TYPE_VAR + (0 << 8));
		duk_put_prop_index(ctx, comp_ctx->curr_func.decls_idx, n + 1);
	}

	duk_push_hstring(ctx, h_varname);  /* push before advancing to keep reachable */

	/* register binding lookup is based on varmap (even in first pass) */
	duk_dup_top(ctx);
	(void) duk__lookup_lhs(comp_ctx, &reg_varbind, &rc_varname);

	duk__advance(comp_ctx);  /* eat identifier */

	if (comp_ctx->curr_token.t == DUK_TOK_EQUALSIGN) {
		duk__advance(comp_ctx);

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("vardecl, assign to '%!O' -> reg_varbind=%ld, rc_varname=%ld",
		                     (duk_heaphdr *) h_varname, (long) reg_varbind, (long) rc_varname));

		duk__exprtop(comp_ctx, res, DUK__BP_COMMA | expr_flags /*rbp_flags*/);  /* AssignmentExpression */

		if (reg_varbind >= 0) {
			duk__ivalue_toforcedreg(comp_ctx, res, reg_varbind);
		} else {
			duk_reg_t reg_val;
			reg_val = duk__ivalue_toreg(comp_ctx, res);
			duk__emit_a_bc(comp_ctx,
			               DUK_OP_PUTVAR | DUK__EMIT_FLAG_A_IS_SOURCE,
			               (duk_regconst_t) reg_val,
			               rc_varname);
		}
	} else {
		if (expr_flags & DUK__EXPR_FLAG_REQUIRE_INIT) {
			/* Used for minimal 'const': initializer required. */
			goto syntax_error;
		}
	}

	duk_pop(ctx);  /* pop varname */

	*out_rc_varname = rc_varname;
	*out_reg_varbind = reg_varbind;

	return;

 syntax_error:
	DUK_ERROR_SYNTAX(thr, DUK_STR_INVALID_VAR_DECLARATION);
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__parse_var_stmt(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_ivalue *res, duk_small_uint_t expr_flags) {
	duk_reg_t reg_varbind;
	duk_regconst_t rc_varname;

	duk__advance(comp_ctx);  /* eat 'var' */

	for (;;) {
		/* rc_varname and reg_varbind are ignored here */
		duk__parse_var_decl(comp_ctx, res, 0 | expr_flags, &reg_varbind, &rc_varname);

		if (comp_ctx->curr_token.t != DUK_TOK_COMMA) {
			break;
		}
		duk__advance(comp_ctx);
	}
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__parse_for_stmt(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_ivalue *res, duk_int_t pc_label_site) {
	duk_hthread *thr = comp_ctx->thr;
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk_int_t pc_v34_lhs;    /* start variant 3/4 left-hand-side code (L1 in doc/compiler.rst example) */
	duk_reg_t temp_reset;    /* knock back "next temp" to this whenever possible */
	duk_reg_t reg_temps;     /* preallocated temporaries (2) for variants 3 and 4 */

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("start parsing a for/for-in statement"));

	/* Two temporaries are preallocated here for variants 3 and 4 which need
	 * registers which are never clobbered by expressions in the loop
	 * (concretely: for the enumerator object and the next enumerated value).
	 * Variants 1 and 2 "release" these temps.
	 */

	reg_temps = DUK__ALLOCTEMPS(comp_ctx, 2);

	temp_reset = DUK__GETTEMP(comp_ctx);

	/*
	 *  For/for-in main variants are:
	 *
	 *    1. for (ExpressionNoIn_opt; Expression_opt; Expression_opt) Statement
	 *    2. for (var VariableDeclarationNoIn; Expression_opt; Expression_opt) Statement
	 *    3. for (LeftHandSideExpression in Expression) Statement
	 *    4. for (var VariableDeclarationNoIn in Expression) Statement
	 *
	 *  Parsing these without arbitrary lookahead or backtracking is relatively
	 *  tricky but we manage to do so for now.
	 *
	 *  See doc/compiler.rst for a detailed discussion of control flow
	 *  issues, evaluation order issues, etc.
	 */

	duk__advance(comp_ctx);  /* eat 'for' */
	duk__advance_expect(comp_ctx, DUK_TOK_LPAREN);

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("detecting for/for-in loop variant, pc=%ld", (long) duk__get_current_pc(comp_ctx)));

	/* a label site has been emitted by duk__parse_stmt() automatically
	 * (it will also emit the ENDLABEL).
	 */

	if (comp_ctx->curr_token.t == DUK_TOK_VAR) {
		/*
		 *  Variant 2 or 4
		 */

		duk_reg_t reg_varbind;       /* variable binding register if register-bound (otherwise < 0) */
		duk_regconst_t rc_varname;   /* variable name reg/const, if variable not register-bound */

		duk__advance(comp_ctx);  /* eat 'var' */
		duk__parse_var_decl(comp_ctx, res, DUK__EXPR_FLAG_REJECT_IN, &reg_varbind, &rc_varname);
		DUK__SETTEMP(comp_ctx, temp_reset);

		if (comp_ctx->curr_token.t == DUK_TOK_IN) {
			/*
			 *  Variant 4
			 */

			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("detected for variant 4: for (var VariableDeclarationNoIn in Expression) Statement"));
			pc_v34_lhs = duk__get_current_pc(comp_ctx);  /* jump is inserted here */
			if (reg_varbind >= 0) {
				duk__emit_a_bc(comp_ctx,
				               DUK_OP_LDREG,
				               (duk_regconst_t) reg_varbind,
				               (duk_regconst_t) (reg_temps + 0));
			} else {
				duk__emit_a_bc(comp_ctx,
				               DUK_OP_PUTVAR | DUK__EMIT_FLAG_A_IS_SOURCE,
				               (duk_regconst_t) (reg_temps + 0),
				               rc_varname);
			}
			goto parse_3_or_4;
		} else {
			/*
			 *  Variant 2
			 */

			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("detected for variant 2: for (var VariableDeclarationNoIn; Expression_opt; Expression_opt) Statement"));
			for (;;) {
				/* more initializers */
				if (comp_ctx->curr_token.t != DUK_TOK_COMMA) {
					break;
				}
				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("variant 2 has another variable initializer"));

				duk__advance(comp_ctx);  /* eat comma */
				duk__parse_var_decl(comp_ctx, res, DUK__EXPR_FLAG_REJECT_IN, &reg_varbind, &rc_varname);
			}
			goto parse_1_or_2;
		}
	} else {
		/*
		 *  Variant 1 or 3
		 */

		pc_v34_lhs = duk__get_current_pc(comp_ctx);  /* jump is inserted here (variant 3) */

		/* Note that duk__exprtop() here can clobber any reg above current temp_next,
		 * so any loop variables (e.g. enumerator) must be "preallocated".
		 */

		/* don't coerce yet to a plain value (variant 3 needs special handling) */
		duk__exprtop(comp_ctx, res, DUK__BP_FOR_EXPR | DUK__EXPR_FLAG_REJECT_IN | DUK__EXPR_FLAG_ALLOW_EMPTY /*rbp_flags*/);  /* Expression */
		if (comp_ctx->curr_token.t == DUK_TOK_IN) {
			/*
			 *  Variant 3
			 */

			/* XXX: need to determine LHS type, and check that it is LHS compatible */
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("detected for variant 3: for (LeftHandSideExpression in Expression) Statement"));
			if (duk__expr_is_empty(comp_ctx)) {
				goto syntax_error;  /* LeftHandSideExpression does not allow empty expression */
			}

			if (res->t == DUK_IVAL_VAR) {
				duk_reg_t reg_varbind;
				duk_regconst_t rc_varname;

				duk_dup(ctx, res->x1.valstack_idx);
				if (duk__lookup_lhs(comp_ctx, &reg_varbind, &rc_varname)) {
					duk__emit_a_bc(comp_ctx,
					               DUK_OP_LDREG,
					               (duk_regconst_t) reg_varbind,
					               (duk_regconst_t) (reg_temps + 0));
				} else {
					duk__emit_a_bc(comp_ctx,
					               DUK_OP_PUTVAR | DUK__EMIT_FLAG_A_IS_SOURCE,
					               (duk_regconst_t) (reg_temps + 0),
					               rc_varname);
				}
			} else if (res->t == DUK_IVAL_PROP) {
				/* Don't allow a constant for the object (even for a number etc), as
				 * it goes into the 'A' field of the opcode.
				 */
				duk_reg_t reg_obj;
				duk_regconst_t rc_key;
				reg_obj = duk__ispec_toregconst_raw(comp_ctx, &res->x1, -1 /*forced_reg*/, 0 /*flags*/);  /* don't allow const */
				rc_key = duk__ispec_toregconst_raw(comp_ctx, &res->x2, -1 /*forced_reg*/, DUK__IVAL_FLAG_ALLOW_CONST /*flags*/);
				duk__emit_a_b_c(comp_ctx,
				                DUK_OP_PUTPROP | DUK__EMIT_FLAG_A_IS_SOURCE,
				                (duk_regconst_t) reg_obj,
				                rc_key,
				                (duk_regconst_t) (reg_temps + 0));
			} else {
				duk__ivalue_toplain_ignore(comp_ctx, res);  /* just in case */
				duk__emit_extraop_only(comp_ctx,
				                       DUK_EXTRAOP_INVLHS);
			}
			goto parse_3_or_4;
		} else {
			/*
			 *  Variant 1
			 */

			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("detected for variant 1: for (ExpressionNoIn_opt; Expression_opt; Expression_opt) Statement"));
			duk__ivalue_toplain_ignore(comp_ctx, res);
			goto parse_1_or_2;
		}
	}

 parse_1_or_2:
	/*
	 *  Parse variant 1 or 2.  The first part expression (which differs
	 *  in the variants) has already been parsed and its code emitted.
	 *
	 *  reg_temps + 0: unused
	 *  reg_temps + 1: unused
	 */
	{
		duk_regconst_t rc_cond;
		duk_int_t pc_l1, pc_l2, pc_l3, pc_l4;
		duk_int_t pc_jumpto_l3, pc_jumpto_l4;
		duk_bool_t expr_c_empty;

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("shared code for parsing variants 1 and 2"));

		/* "release" preallocated temps since we won't need them */
		temp_reset = reg_temps + 0;
		DUK__SETTEMP(comp_ctx, temp_reset);

		duk__advance_expect(comp_ctx, DUK_TOK_SEMICOLON);

		pc_l1 = duk__get_current_pc(comp_ctx);
		duk__exprtop(comp_ctx, res, DUK__BP_FOR_EXPR | DUK__EXPR_FLAG_ALLOW_EMPTY /*rbp_flags*/);  /* Expression_opt */
		if (duk__expr_is_empty(comp_ctx)) {
			/* no need to coerce */
			pc_jumpto_l3 = duk__emit_jump_empty(comp_ctx);  /* to body */
			pc_jumpto_l4 = -1;  /* omitted */
		} else {
			rc_cond = duk__ivalue_toregconst(comp_ctx, res);
			duk__emit_if_false_skip(comp_ctx, rc_cond);
			pc_jumpto_l3 = duk__emit_jump_empty(comp_ctx);  /* to body */
			pc_jumpto_l4 = duk__emit_jump_empty(comp_ctx);  /* to exit */
		}
		DUK__SETTEMP(comp_ctx, temp_reset);

		duk__advance_expect(comp_ctx, DUK_TOK_SEMICOLON);

		pc_l2 = duk__get_current_pc(comp_ctx);
		duk__exprtop(comp_ctx, res, DUK__BP_FOR_EXPR | DUK__EXPR_FLAG_ALLOW_EMPTY /*rbp_flags*/);  /* Expression_opt */
		if (duk__expr_is_empty(comp_ctx)) {
			/* no need to coerce */
			expr_c_empty = 1;
			/* JUMP L1 omitted */
		} else {
			duk__ivalue_toplain_ignore(comp_ctx, res);
			expr_c_empty = 0;
			duk__emit_jump(comp_ctx, pc_l1);
		}
		DUK__SETTEMP(comp_ctx, temp_reset);

		duk__advance_expect(comp_ctx, DUK_TOK_RPAREN);

		pc_l3 = duk__get_current_pc(comp_ctx);
		duk__parse_stmt(comp_ctx, res, 0 /*allow_source_elem*/);
		if (expr_c_empty) {
			duk__emit_jump(comp_ctx, pc_l1);
		} else {
			duk__emit_jump(comp_ctx, pc_l2);
		}
		/* temp reset is not necessary after duk__parse_stmt(), which already does it */

		pc_l4 = duk__get_current_pc(comp_ctx);

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("patching jumps: jumpto_l3: %ld->%ld, jumpto_l4: %ld->%ld, "
		                     "break: %ld->%ld, continue: %ld->%ld",
			             (long) pc_jumpto_l3, (long) pc_l3, (long) pc_jumpto_l4, (long) pc_l4,
		                     (long) (pc_label_site + 1), (long) pc_l4, (long) (pc_label_site + 2), (long) pc_l2));

		duk__patch_jump(comp_ctx, pc_jumpto_l3, pc_l3);
		duk__patch_jump(comp_ctx, pc_jumpto_l4, pc_l4);
		duk__patch_jump(comp_ctx,
		                pc_label_site + 1,
		                pc_l4);                         /* break jump */
		duk__patch_jump(comp_ctx,
		                pc_label_site + 2,
		                expr_c_empty ? pc_l1 : pc_l2);  /* continue jump */
	}
	goto finished;

 parse_3_or_4:
	/*
	 *  Parse variant 3 or 4.
	 *
	 *  For variant 3 (e.g. "for (A in C) D;") the code for A (except the
	 *  final property/variable write) has already been emitted.  The first
	 *  instruction of that code is at pc_v34_lhs; a JUMP needs to be inserted
	 *  there to satisfy control flow needs.
	 *
	 *  For variant 4, if the variable declaration had an initializer
	 *  (e.g. "for (var A = B in C) D;") the code for the assignment
	 *  (B) has already been emitted.
	 *
	 *  Variables set before entering here:
	 *
	 *    pc_v34_lhs:    insert a "JUMP L2" here (see doc/compiler.rst example).
	 *    reg_temps + 0: iteration target value (written to LHS)
	 *    reg_temps + 1: enumerator object
	 */
	{
		duk_int_t pc_l1, pc_l2, pc_l3, pc_l4, pc_l5;
		duk_int_t pc_jumpto_l2, pc_jumpto_l3, pc_jumpto_l4, pc_jumpto_l5;
		duk_reg_t reg_target;

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("shared code for parsing variants 3 and 4, pc_v34_lhs=%ld", (long) pc_v34_lhs));

		DUK__SETTEMP(comp_ctx, temp_reset);

		/* First we need to insert a jump in the middle of previously
		 * emitted code to get the control flow right.  No jumps can
		 * cross the position where the jump is inserted.  See doc/compiler.rst
		 * for discussion on the intricacies of control flow and side effects
		 * for variants 3 and 4.
		 */

		duk__insert_jump_entry(comp_ctx, pc_v34_lhs);
		pc_jumpto_l2 = pc_v34_lhs;  /* inserted jump */
		pc_l1 = pc_v34_lhs + 1;     /* +1, right after inserted jump */

		/* The code for writing reg_temps + 0 to the left hand side has already
		 * been emitted.
		 */

		pc_jumpto_l3 = duk__emit_jump_empty(comp_ctx);  /* -> loop body */

		duk__advance(comp_ctx);  /* eat 'in' */

		/* Parse enumeration target and initialize enumerator.  For 'null' and 'undefined',
		 * INITENUM will creates a 'null' enumerator which works like an empty enumerator
		 * (E5 Section 12.6.4, step 3).  Note that INITENUM requires the value to be in a
		 * register (constant not allowed).
		 */

		pc_l2 = duk__get_current_pc(comp_ctx);
		reg_target = duk__exprtop_toreg(comp_ctx, res, DUK__BP_FOR_EXPR /*rbp_flags*/);  /* Expression */
		duk__emit_extraop_b_c(comp_ctx,
		                      DUK_EXTRAOP_INITENUM | DUK__EMIT_FLAG_B_IS_TARGET,
		                      (duk_regconst_t) (reg_temps + 1),
		                      (duk_regconst_t) reg_target);
		pc_jumpto_l4 = duk__emit_jump_empty(comp_ctx);
		DUK__SETTEMP(comp_ctx, temp_reset);

		duk__advance_expect(comp_ctx, DUK_TOK_RPAREN);

		pc_l3 = duk__get_current_pc(comp_ctx);
		duk__parse_stmt(comp_ctx, res, 0 /*allow_source_elem*/);
		/* temp reset is not necessary after duk__parse_stmt(), which already does it */

		/* NEXTENUM needs a jump slot right after the main opcode.
		 * We need the code emitter to reserve the slot: if there's
		 * target shuffling, the target shuffle opcodes must happen
		 * after the jump slot (for NEXTENUM the shuffle opcodes are
		 * not needed if the enum is finished).
		 */
		pc_l4 = duk__get_current_pc(comp_ctx);
		duk__emit_extraop_b_c(comp_ctx,
		                      DUK_EXTRAOP_NEXTENUM | DUK__EMIT_FLAG_B_IS_TARGET | DUK__EMIT_FLAG_RESERVE_JUMPSLOT,
		                      (duk_regconst_t) (reg_temps + 0),
		                      (duk_regconst_t) (reg_temps + 1));
		pc_jumpto_l5 = comp_ctx->emit_jumpslot_pc;  /* NEXTENUM jump slot: executed when enum finished */
		duk__emit_jump(comp_ctx, pc_l1);  /* jump to next loop, using reg_v34_iter as iterated value */

		pc_l5 = duk__get_current_pc(comp_ctx);

		/* XXX: since the enumerator may be a memory expensive object,
		 * perhaps clear it explicitly here?  If so, break jump must
		 * go through this clearing operation.
		 */

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("patching jumps: jumpto_l2: %ld->%ld, jumpto_l3: %ld->%ld, "
		                     "jumpto_l4: %ld->%ld, jumpto_l5: %ld->%ld, "
		                     "break: %ld->%ld, continue: %ld->%ld",
			             (long) pc_jumpto_l2, (long) pc_l2, (long) pc_jumpto_l3, (long) pc_l3,
			             (long) pc_jumpto_l4, (long) pc_l4, (long) pc_jumpto_l5, (long) pc_l5,
		                     (long) (pc_label_site + 1), (long) pc_l5, (long) (pc_label_site + 2), (long) pc_l4));

		duk__patch_jump(comp_ctx, pc_jumpto_l2, pc_l2);
		duk__patch_jump(comp_ctx, pc_jumpto_l3, pc_l3);
		duk__patch_jump(comp_ctx, pc_jumpto_l4, pc_l4);
		duk__patch_jump(comp_ctx, pc_jumpto_l5, pc_l5);
		duk__patch_jump(comp_ctx, pc_label_site + 1, pc_l5);  /* break jump */
		duk__patch_jump(comp_ctx, pc_label_site + 2, pc_l4);  /* continue jump */
	}
	goto finished;

 finished:
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("end parsing a for/for-in statement"));
	return;

 syntax_error:
	DUK_ERROR_SYNTAX(thr, DUK_STR_INVALID_FOR);
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__parse_switch_stmt(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_ivalue *res, duk_int_t pc_label_site) {
	duk_hthread *thr = comp_ctx->thr;
	duk_reg_t temp_at_loop;
	duk_regconst_t rc_switch;    /* reg/const for switch value */
	duk_regconst_t rc_case;      /* reg/const for case value */
	duk_reg_t reg_temp;          /* general temp register */
	duk_int_t pc_prevcase = -1;
	duk_int_t pc_prevstmt = -1;
	duk_int_t pc_default = -1;   /* -1 == not set, -2 == pending (next statement list) */

	/* Note: negative pc values are ignored when patching jumps, so no explicit checks needed */

	/*
	 *  Switch is pretty complicated because of several conflicting concerns:
	 *
	 *    - Want to generate code without an intermediate representation,
	 *      i.e., in one go
	 *
	 *    - Case selectors are expressions, not values, and may thus e.g. throw
	 *      exceptions (which causes evaluation order concerns)
	 *
	 *    - Evaluation semantics of case selectors and default clause need to be
	 *      carefully implemented to provide correct behavior even with case value
	 *      side effects
	 *
	 *    - Fall through case and default clauses; avoiding dead JUMPs if case
	 *      ends with an unconditional jump (a break or a continue)
	 *
	 *    - The same case value may occur multiple times, but evaluation rules
	 *      only process the first match before switching to a "propagation" mode
	 *      where case values are no longer evaluated
	 *
	 *  See E5 Section 12.11.  Also see doc/compiler.rst for compilation
	 *  discussion.
	 */

	duk__advance(comp_ctx);
	duk__advance_expect(comp_ctx, DUK_TOK_LPAREN);
	rc_switch = duk__exprtop_toregconst(comp_ctx, res, DUK__BP_FOR_EXPR /*rbp_flags*/);
	duk__advance_expect(comp_ctx, DUK_TOK_RPAREN);
	duk__advance_expect(comp_ctx, DUK_TOK_LCURLY);

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("switch value in register %ld", (long) rc_switch));

	temp_at_loop = DUK__GETTEMP(comp_ctx);

	for (;;) {
		duk_int_t num_stmts;
		duk_small_int_t tok;

		/* sufficient for keeping temp reg numbers in check */
		DUK__SETTEMP(comp_ctx, temp_at_loop);

		if (comp_ctx->curr_token.t == DUK_TOK_RCURLY) {
			break;
		}

		/*
		 *  Parse a case or default clause.
		 */

		if (comp_ctx->curr_token.t == DUK_TOK_CASE) {
			/*
			 *  Case clause.
			 *
			 *  Note: cannot use reg_case as a temp register (for SEQ target)
			 *  because it may be a constant.
			 */

			duk__patch_jump_here(comp_ctx, pc_prevcase);  /* chain jumps for case
			                                               * evaluation and checking
			                                               */

			duk__advance(comp_ctx);
			rc_case = duk__exprtop_toregconst(comp_ctx, res, DUK__BP_FOR_EXPR /*rbp_flags*/);
			duk__advance_expect(comp_ctx, DUK_TOK_COLON);

			reg_temp = DUK__ALLOCTEMP(comp_ctx);
			duk__emit_a_b_c(comp_ctx,
			                DUK_OP_SEQ,
			                (duk_regconst_t) reg_temp,
			                rc_switch,
			                rc_case);
			duk__emit_if_true_skip(comp_ctx, (duk_regconst_t) reg_temp);

			/* jump to next case clause */
			pc_prevcase = duk__emit_jump_empty(comp_ctx);  /* no match, next case */

			/* statements go here (if any) on next loop */
		} else if (comp_ctx->curr_token.t == DUK_TOK_DEFAULT) {
			/*
			 *  Default clause.
			 */

			if (pc_default >= 0) {
				goto syntax_error;
			}
			duk__advance(comp_ctx);
			duk__advance_expect(comp_ctx, DUK_TOK_COLON);

			/* Fix for https://github.com/svaarala/duktape/issues/155:
			 * If 'default' is first clause (detected by pc_prevcase < 0)
			 * we need to ensure we stay in the matching chain.
			 */
			if (pc_prevcase < 0) {
				DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("default clause is first, emit prevcase jump"));
				pc_prevcase = duk__emit_jump_empty(comp_ctx);
			}

			/* default clause matches next statement list (if any) */
			pc_default = -2;
		} else {
			/* Code is not accepted before the first case/default clause */
			goto syntax_error;
		}

		/*
		 *  Parse code after the clause.  Possible terminators are
		 *  'case', 'default', and '}'.
		 *
		 *  Note that there may be no code at all, not even an empty statement,
		 *  between case clauses.  This must be handled just like an empty statement
		 *  (omitting seemingly pointless JUMPs), to avoid situations like
		 *  test-bug-case-fallthrough.js.
		 */

		num_stmts = 0;
		if (pc_default == -2) {
			pc_default = duk__get_current_pc(comp_ctx);
		}

		/* Note: this is correct even for default clause statements:
		 * they participate in 'fall-through' behavior even if the
		 * default clause is in the middle.
		 */
		duk__patch_jump_here(comp_ctx, pc_prevstmt);  /* chain jumps for 'fall-through'
		                                               * after a case matches.
		                                               */

		for (;;) {
			tok = comp_ctx->curr_token.t;
			if (tok == DUK_TOK_CASE || tok == DUK_TOK_DEFAULT ||
			    tok == DUK_TOK_RCURLY) {
				break;
			}
			num_stmts++;
			duk__parse_stmt(comp_ctx, res, 0 /*allow_source_elem*/);
		}

		/* fall-through jump to next code of next case (backpatched) */
		pc_prevstmt = duk__emit_jump_empty(comp_ctx);

		/* XXX: would be nice to omit this jump when the jump is not
		 * reachable, at least in the obvious cases (such as the case
		 * ending with a 'break'.
		 *
		 * Perhaps duk__parse_stmt() could provide some info on whether
		 * the statement is a "dead end"?
		 *
		 * If implemented, just set pc_prevstmt to -1 when not needed.
		 */
	}

	DUK_ASSERT(comp_ctx->curr_token.t == DUK_TOK_RCURLY);
	duk__advance(comp_ctx);

	/* default case control flow patchup; note that if pc_prevcase < 0
	 * (i.e. no case clauses), control enters default case automatically.
	 */
	if (pc_default >= 0) {
		/* default case exists: go there if no case matches */
		duk__patch_jump(comp_ctx, pc_prevcase, pc_default);
	} else {
		/* default case does not exist, or no statements present
		 * after default case: finish case evaluation
		 */
		duk__patch_jump_here(comp_ctx, pc_prevcase);
	}

	/* fall-through control flow patchup; note that pc_prevstmt may be
	 * < 0 (i.e. no case clauses), in which case this is a no-op.
	 */
	duk__patch_jump_here(comp_ctx, pc_prevstmt);

	/* continue jump not patched, an INVALID opcode remains there */
	duk__patch_jump_here(comp_ctx, pc_label_site + 1);  /* break jump */

	/* Note: 'fast' breaks will jump to pc_label_site + 1, which will
	 * then jump here.  The double jump will be eliminated by a
	 * peephole pass, resulting in an optimal jump here.  The label
	 * site jumps will remain in bytecode and will waste code size.
	 */

	return;

 syntax_error:
	DUK_ERROR_SYNTAX(thr, DUK_STR_INVALID_SWITCH);
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__parse_if_stmt(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_ivalue *res) {
	duk_reg_t temp_reset;
	duk_regconst_t rc_cond;
	duk_int_t pc_jump_false;

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("begin parsing if statement"));

	temp_reset = DUK__GETTEMP(comp_ctx);

	duk__advance(comp_ctx);  /* eat 'if' */
	duk__advance_expect(comp_ctx, DUK_TOK_LPAREN);

	rc_cond = duk__exprtop_toregconst(comp_ctx, res, DUK__BP_FOR_EXPR /*rbp_flags*/);
	duk__emit_if_true_skip(comp_ctx, rc_cond);
	pc_jump_false = duk__emit_jump_empty(comp_ctx);  /* jump to end or else part */
	DUK__SETTEMP(comp_ctx, temp_reset);

	duk__advance_expect(comp_ctx, DUK_TOK_RPAREN);

	duk__parse_stmt(comp_ctx, res, 0 /*allow_source_elem*/);

	/* The 'else' ambiguity is resolved by 'else' binding to the innermost
	 * construct, so greedy matching is correct here.
	 */

	if (comp_ctx->curr_token.t == DUK_TOK_ELSE) {
		duk_int_t pc_jump_end;

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("if has else part"));

		duk__advance(comp_ctx);

		pc_jump_end = duk__emit_jump_empty(comp_ctx);  /* jump from true part to end */
		duk__patch_jump_here(comp_ctx, pc_jump_false);

		duk__parse_stmt(comp_ctx, res, 0 /*allow_source_elem*/);

		duk__patch_jump_here(comp_ctx, pc_jump_end);
	} else {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("if does not have else part"));

		duk__patch_jump_here(comp_ctx, pc_jump_false);
	}

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("end parsing if statement"));
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__parse_do_stmt(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_ivalue *res, duk_int_t pc_label_site) {
	duk_regconst_t rc_cond;
	duk_int_t pc_start;

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("begin parsing do statement"));

	duk__advance(comp_ctx);  /* eat 'do' */

	pc_start = duk__get_current_pc(comp_ctx);
	duk__parse_stmt(comp_ctx, res, 0 /*allow_source_elem*/);
	duk__patch_jump_here(comp_ctx, pc_label_site + 2);  /* continue jump */

	duk__advance_expect(comp_ctx, DUK_TOK_WHILE);
	duk__advance_expect(comp_ctx, DUK_TOK_LPAREN);

	rc_cond = duk__exprtop_toregconst(comp_ctx, res, DUK__BP_FOR_EXPR /*rbp_flags*/);
	duk__emit_if_false_skip(comp_ctx, rc_cond);
	duk__emit_jump(comp_ctx, pc_start);
	/* no need to reset temps, as we're finished emitting code */

	duk__advance_expect(comp_ctx, DUK_TOK_RPAREN);

	duk__patch_jump_here(comp_ctx, pc_label_site + 1);  /* break jump */

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("end parsing do statement"));
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__parse_while_stmt(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_ivalue *res, duk_int_t pc_label_site) {
	duk_reg_t temp_reset;
	duk_regconst_t rc_cond;
	duk_int_t pc_start;
	duk_int_t pc_jump_false;

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("begin parsing while statement"));

	temp_reset = DUK__GETTEMP(comp_ctx);

	duk__advance(comp_ctx);  /* eat 'while' */

	duk__advance_expect(comp_ctx, DUK_TOK_LPAREN);

	pc_start = duk__get_current_pc(comp_ctx);
	duk__patch_jump_here(comp_ctx, pc_label_site + 2);  /* continue jump */

	rc_cond = duk__exprtop_toregconst(comp_ctx, res, DUK__BP_FOR_EXPR /*rbp_flags*/);
	duk__emit_if_true_skip(comp_ctx, rc_cond);
	pc_jump_false = duk__emit_jump_empty(comp_ctx);
	DUK__SETTEMP(comp_ctx, temp_reset);

	duk__advance_expect(comp_ctx, DUK_TOK_RPAREN);

	duk__parse_stmt(comp_ctx, res, 0 /*allow_source_elem*/);
	duk__emit_jump(comp_ctx, pc_start);

	duk__patch_jump_here(comp_ctx, pc_jump_false);
	duk__patch_jump_here(comp_ctx, pc_label_site + 1);  /* break jump */

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("end parsing while statement"));
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__parse_break_or_continue_stmt(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_ivalue *res) {
	duk_hthread *thr = comp_ctx->thr;
	duk_bool_t is_break = (comp_ctx->curr_token.t == DUK_TOK_BREAK);
	duk_int_t label_id;
	duk_int_t label_catch_depth;
	duk_int_t label_pc;  /* points to LABEL; pc+1 = jump site for break; pc+2 = jump site for continue */
	duk_bool_t label_is_closest;

	DUK_UNREF(res);

	duk__advance(comp_ctx);  /* eat 'break' or 'continue' */

	if (comp_ctx->curr_token.t == DUK_TOK_SEMICOLON ||  /* explicit semi follows */
	    comp_ctx->curr_token.lineterm ||                /* automatic semi will be inserted */
	    comp_ctx->curr_token.allow_auto_semi) {         /* automatic semi will be inserted */
		/* break/continue without label */

		duk__lookup_active_label(comp_ctx, DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_EMPTY_STRING(thr), is_break, &label_id, &label_catch_depth, &label_pc, &label_is_closest);
	} else if (comp_ctx->curr_token.t == DUK_TOK_IDENTIFIER) {
		/* break/continue with label (label cannot be a reserved word, production is 'Identifier' */
		DUK_ASSERT(comp_ctx->curr_token.str1 != NULL);
		duk__lookup_active_label(comp_ctx, comp_ctx->curr_token.str1, is_break, &label_id, &label_catch_depth, &label_pc, &label_is_closest);
		duk__advance(comp_ctx);
	} else {
		DUK_ERROR_SYNTAX(thr, DUK_STR_INVALID_BREAK_CONT_LABEL);
	}

	/* Use a fast break/continue when possible.  A fast break/continue is
	 * just a jump to the LABEL break/continue jump slot, which then jumps
	 * to an appropriate place (for break, going through ENDLABEL correctly).
	 * The peephole optimizer will optimize the jump to a direct one.
	 */

	if (label_catch_depth == comp_ctx->curr_func.catch_depth &&
	    label_is_closest) {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("break/continue: is_break=%ld, label_id=%ld, label_is_closest=%ld, "
		                     "label_catch_depth=%ld, catch_depth=%ld "
		                     "-> use fast variant (direct jump)",
		                     (long) is_break, (long) label_id, (long) label_is_closest,
		                     (long) label_catch_depth, (long) comp_ctx->curr_func.catch_depth));

		duk__emit_jump(comp_ctx, label_pc + (is_break ? 1 : 2));
	} else {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("break/continue: is_break=%ld, label_id=%ld, label_is_closest=%ld, "
		                     "label_catch_depth=%ld, catch_depth=%ld "
		                     "-> use slow variant (longjmp)",
		                     (long) is_break, (long) label_id, (long) label_is_closest,
		                     (long) label_catch_depth, (long) comp_ctx->curr_func.catch_depth));

		duk__emit_extraop_bc(comp_ctx,
		              is_break ? DUK_EXTRAOP_BREAK : DUK_EXTRAOP_CONTINUE,
		              (duk_regconst_t) label_id);
	}
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__parse_return_stmt(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_ivalue *res) {
	duk_hthread *thr = comp_ctx->thr;
	duk_regconst_t rc_val;
	duk_small_uint_t ret_flags;

	duk__advance(comp_ctx);  /* eat 'return' */

	/* A 'return' statement is only allowed inside an actual function body,
	 * not as part of eval or global code.
	 */
	if (!comp_ctx->curr_func.is_function) {
		DUK_ERROR_SYNTAX(thr, DUK_STR_INVALID_RETURN);
	}

	ret_flags = 0;

	if (comp_ctx->curr_token.t == DUK_TOK_SEMICOLON ||  /* explicit semi follows */
	    comp_ctx->curr_token.lineterm ||                /* automatic semi will be inserted */
	    comp_ctx->curr_token.allow_auto_semi) {         /* automatic semi will be inserted */
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("empty return value -> undefined"));
		rc_val = 0;
	} else {
		duk_int_t pc_before_expr;
		duk_int_t pc_after_expr;

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("return with a value"));

		DUK_UNREF(pc_before_expr);
		DUK_UNREF(pc_after_expr);

		pc_before_expr = duk__get_current_pc(comp_ctx);
		rc_val = duk__exprtop_toregconst(comp_ctx, res, DUK__BP_FOR_EXPR /*rbp_flags*/);
		pc_after_expr = duk__get_current_pc(comp_ctx);

		/* Tail call check: if last opcode emitted was CALL(I), and
		 * the context allows it, change the CALL(I) to a tail call.
		 * This doesn't guarantee that a tail call will be allowed at
		 * runtime, so the RETURN must still be emitted.  (Duktape
		 * 0.10.0 avoided this and simulated a RETURN if a tail call
		 * couldn't be used at runtime; but this didn't work
		 * correctly with a thread yield/resume, see
		 * test-bug-tailcall-thread-yield-resume.js for discussion.)
		 *
		 * In addition to the last opcode being CALL, we also need to
		 * be sure that 'rc_val' is the result register of the CALL(I).
		 * For instance, for the expression 'return 0, (function ()
		 * { return 1; }), 2' the last opcode emitted is CALL (no
		 * bytecode is emitted for '2') but 'rc_val' indicates
		 * constant '2'.  Similarly if '2' is replaced by a register
		 * bound variable, no opcodes are emitted but tail call would
		 * be incorrect.
		 *
		 * This is tricky and easy to get wrong.  It would be best to
		 * track enough expression metadata to check that 'rc_val' came
		 * from that last CALL instruction.  We don't have that metadata
		 * now, so we check that 'rc_val' is a temporary register result
		 * (not a constant or a register bound variable).  There should
		 * be no way currently for 'rc_val' to be a temporary for an
		 * expression following the CALL instruction without emitting
		 * some opcodes following the CALL.  This proxy check is used
		 * below.
		 *
		 * See: test-bug-comma-expr-gh131.js.
		 *
		 * The non-standard 'caller' property disables tail calls
		 * because they pose some special cases which haven't been
		 * fixed yet.
		 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_TAILCALL)
		if (comp_ctx->curr_func.catch_depth == 0 &&   /* no catchers */
		    pc_after_expr > pc_before_expr) {         /* at least one opcode emitted */
			duk_compiler_instr *instr;
			duk_small_uint_t op;

			instr = duk__get_instr_ptr(comp_ctx, pc_after_expr - 1);
			DUK_ASSERT(instr != NULL);

			op = (duk_small_uint_t) DUK_DEC_OP(instr->ins);
			if ((op == DUK_OP_CALL || op == DUK_OP_CALLI) &&
			    DUK__ISTEMP(comp_ctx, rc_val) /* see above */) {
				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("return statement detected a tail call opportunity: "
				                     "catch depth is 0, duk__exprtop() emitted >= 1 instructions, "
				                     "and last instruction is a CALL "
				                     "-> set TAILCALL flag"));
				/* Just flip the single bit. */
				instr->ins |= DUK_ENC_OP_A_B_C(0, DUK_BC_CALL_FLAG_TAILCALL, 0, 0);
			}
		}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_TAILCALL */

		ret_flags = DUK_BC_RETURN_FLAG_HAVE_RETVAL;
	}

	duk__emit_a_b(comp_ctx,
	              DUK_OP_RETURN | DUK__EMIT_FLAG_NO_SHUFFLE_A,
	              (duk_regconst_t) ret_flags /*flags*/,
	              rc_val /*reg*/);
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__parse_throw_stmt(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_ivalue *res) {
	duk_reg_t reg_val;

	duk__advance(comp_ctx);  /* eat 'throw' */

	/* Unlike break/continue, throw statement does not allow an empty value. */

	if (comp_ctx->curr_token.lineterm) {
		DUK_ERROR_SYNTAX(comp_ctx->thr, DUK_STR_INVALID_THROW);
	}

	reg_val = duk__exprtop_toreg(comp_ctx, res, DUK__BP_FOR_EXPR /*rbp_flags*/);
	duk__emit_extraop_bc(comp_ctx,
	                     DUK_EXTRAOP_THROW,
	                     (duk_regconst_t) reg_val);
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__parse_try_stmt(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_ivalue *res) {
	duk_hthread *thr = comp_ctx->thr;
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk_reg_t reg_catch;      /* reg_catch+0 and reg_catch+1 are reserved for TRYCATCH */
	duk_regconst_t rc_varname = 0;
	duk_small_uint_t trycatch_flags = 0;
	duk_int_t pc_ldconst = -1;
	duk_int_t pc_trycatch = -1;
	duk_int_t pc_catch = -1;
	duk_int_t pc_finally = -1;

	DUK_UNREF(res);

	/*
	 *  See the following documentation for discussion:
	 *
	 *    doc/execution.rst: control flow details
	 *
	 *  Try, catch, and finally "parts" are Blocks, not Statements, so
	 *  they must always be delimited by curly braces.  This is unlike e.g.
	 *  the if statement, which accepts any Statement.  This eliminates any
	 *  questions of matching parts of nested try statements.  The Block
	 *  parsing is implemented inline here (instead of calling out).
	 *
	 *  Finally part has a 'let scoped' variable, which requires a few kinks
	 *  here.
	 */

	comp_ctx->curr_func.catch_depth++;

	duk__advance(comp_ctx);  /* eat 'try' */

	reg_catch = DUK__ALLOCTEMPS(comp_ctx, 2);

	/* The target for this LDCONST may need output shuffling, but we assume
	 * that 'pc_ldconst' will be the LDCONST that we can patch later.  This
	 * should be the case because there's no input shuffling.  (If there's
	 * no catch clause, this LDCONST will be replaced with a NOP.)
	 */
	pc_ldconst = duk__get_current_pc(comp_ctx);
	duk__emit_a_bc(comp_ctx, DUK_OP_LDCONST, reg_catch, 0 /*patched later*/);

	pc_trycatch = duk__get_current_pc(comp_ctx);
	duk__emit_invalid(comp_ctx);  /* TRYCATCH, cannot emit now (not enough info) */
	duk__emit_invalid(comp_ctx);  /* jump for 'catch' case */
	duk__emit_invalid(comp_ctx);  /* jump for 'finally' case or end (if no finally) */

	/* try part */
	duk__advance_expect(comp_ctx, DUK_TOK_LCURLY);
	duk__parse_stmts(comp_ctx, 0 /*allow_source_elem*/, 0 /*expect_eof*/);
	/* the DUK_TOK_RCURLY is eaten by duk__parse_stmts() */
	duk__emit_extraop_only(comp_ctx,
	                       DUK_EXTRAOP_ENDTRY);

	if (comp_ctx->curr_token.t == DUK_TOK_CATCH) {
		/*
		 *  The catch variable must be updated to reflect the new allocated
		 *  register for the duration of the catch clause.  We need to store
		 *  and restore the original value for the varmap entry (if any).
		 */

		/*
		 *  Note: currently register bindings must be fixed for the entire
		 *  function.  So, even though the catch variable is in a register
		 *  we know, we must use an explicit environment record and slow path
		 *  accesses to read/write the catch binding to make closures created
		 *  within the catch clause work correctly.  This restriction should
		 *  be fixable (at least in common cases) later.
		 *
		 *  See: test-bug-catch-binding-2.js.
		 *
		 *  XXX: improve to get fast path access to most catch clauses.
		 */

		duk_hstring *h_var;
		duk_int_t varmap_value;  /* for storing/restoring the varmap binding for catch variable */

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("stack top at start of catch clause: %ld", (long) duk_get_top(ctx)));

		trycatch_flags |= DUK_BC_TRYCATCH_FLAG_HAVE_CATCH;

		pc_catch = duk__get_current_pc(comp_ctx);

		duk__advance(comp_ctx);
		duk__advance_expect(comp_ctx, DUK_TOK_LPAREN);

		if (comp_ctx->curr_token.t != DUK_TOK_IDENTIFIER) {
			/* Identifier, i.e. don't allow reserved words */
			goto syntax_error;
		}
		h_var = comp_ctx->curr_token.str1;
		DUK_ASSERT(h_var != NULL);

		duk_push_hstring(ctx, h_var);  /* keep in on valstack, use borrowed ref below */

		if (comp_ctx->curr_func.is_strict &&
		    ((h_var == DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_EVAL(thr)) ||
		     (h_var == DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_LC_ARGUMENTS(thr)))) {
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("catch identifier 'eval' or 'arguments' in strict mode -> SyntaxError"));
			goto syntax_error;
		}

		duk_dup_top(ctx);
		rc_varname = duk__getconst(comp_ctx);
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("catch clause, rc_varname=0x%08lx (%ld)",
		                     (unsigned long) rc_varname, (long) rc_varname));

		duk__advance(comp_ctx);
		duk__advance_expect(comp_ctx, DUK_TOK_RPAREN);

		duk__advance_expect(comp_ctx, DUK_TOK_LCURLY);

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("varmap before modifying for catch clause: %!iT",
		                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, comp_ctx->curr_func.varmap_idx)));

		duk_dup_top(ctx);
		duk_get_prop(ctx, comp_ctx->curr_func.varmap_idx);
		if (duk_is_undefined(ctx, -1)) {
			varmap_value = -2;
		} else if (duk_is_null(ctx, -1)) {
			varmap_value = -1;
		} else {
			DUK_ASSERT(duk_is_number(ctx, -1));
			varmap_value = duk_get_int(ctx, -1);
			DUK_ASSERT(varmap_value >= 0);
		}
		duk_pop(ctx);

#if 0
		/* It'd be nice to do something like this - but it doesn't
		 * work for closures created inside the catch clause.
		 */
		duk_dup_top(ctx);
		duk_push_int(ctx, (duk_int_t) (reg_catch + 0));
		duk_put_prop(ctx, comp_ctx->curr_func.varmap_idx);
#endif
		duk_dup_top(ctx);
		duk_push_null(ctx);
		duk_put_prop(ctx, comp_ctx->curr_func.varmap_idx);

		duk__emit_a_bc(comp_ctx,
		               DUK_OP_PUTVAR | DUK__EMIT_FLAG_A_IS_SOURCE,
		               (duk_regconst_t) (reg_catch + 0) /*value*/,
		               rc_varname /*varname*/);

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("varmap before parsing catch clause: %!iT",
		                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, comp_ctx->curr_func.varmap_idx)));

		duk__parse_stmts(comp_ctx, 0 /*allow_source_elem*/, 0 /*expect_eof*/);
		/* the DUK_TOK_RCURLY is eaten by duk__parse_stmts() */

		if (varmap_value == -2) {
			/* not present */
			duk_del_prop(ctx, comp_ctx->curr_func.varmap_idx);
		} else {
			if (varmap_value == -1) {
				duk_push_null(ctx);
			} else {
				DUK_ASSERT(varmap_value >= 0);
				duk_push_int(ctx, varmap_value);
			}
			duk_put_prop(ctx, comp_ctx->curr_func.varmap_idx);
		}
		/* varname is popped by above code */

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("varmap after restore catch clause: %!iT",
		                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, comp_ctx->curr_func.varmap_idx)));

		duk__emit_extraop_only(comp_ctx,
		                       DUK_EXTRAOP_ENDCATCH);

		/*
		 *  XXX: for now, indicate that an expensive catch binding
		 *  declarative environment is always needed.  If we don't
		 *  need it, we don't need the const_varname either.
		 */

		trycatch_flags |= DUK_BC_TRYCATCH_FLAG_CATCH_BINDING;

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("stack top at end of catch clause: %ld", (long) duk_get_top(ctx)));
	}

	if (comp_ctx->curr_token.t == DUK_TOK_FINALLY) {
		trycatch_flags |= DUK_BC_TRYCATCH_FLAG_HAVE_FINALLY;

		pc_finally = duk__get_current_pc(comp_ctx);

		duk__advance(comp_ctx);

		duk__advance_expect(comp_ctx, DUK_TOK_LCURLY);
		duk__parse_stmts(comp_ctx, 0 /*allow_source_elem*/, 0 /*expect_eof*/);
		/* the DUK_TOK_RCURLY is eaten by duk__parse_stmts() */
		duk__emit_extraop_b(comp_ctx,
		                    DUK_EXTRAOP_ENDFIN,
		                    reg_catch);  /* rethrow */
	}

	if (!(trycatch_flags & DUK_BC_TRYCATCH_FLAG_HAVE_CATCH) &&
	    !(trycatch_flags & DUK_BC_TRYCATCH_FLAG_HAVE_FINALLY)) {
		/* must have catch and/or finally */
		goto syntax_error;
	}

	/* If there's no catch block, rc_varname will be 0 and duk__patch_trycatch()
	 * will replace the LDCONST with a NOP.  For any actual constant (including
	 * constant 0) the DUK__CONST_MARKER flag will be set in rc_varname.
	 */

	duk__patch_trycatch(comp_ctx,
	                    pc_ldconst,
	                    pc_trycatch,
	                    reg_catch,
	                    rc_varname,
	                    trycatch_flags);

	if (trycatch_flags & DUK_BC_TRYCATCH_FLAG_HAVE_CATCH) {
		DUK_ASSERT(pc_catch >= 0);
		duk__patch_jump(comp_ctx, pc_trycatch + 1, pc_catch);
	}

	if (trycatch_flags & DUK_BC_TRYCATCH_FLAG_HAVE_FINALLY) {
		DUK_ASSERT(pc_finally >= 0);
		duk__patch_jump(comp_ctx, pc_trycatch + 2, pc_finally);
	} else {
		/* without finally, the second jump slot is used to jump to end of stmt */
		duk__patch_jump_here(comp_ctx, pc_trycatch + 2);
	}

	comp_ctx->curr_func.catch_depth--;
	return;

 syntax_error:
	DUK_ERROR_SYNTAX(thr, DUK_STR_INVALID_TRY);
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__parse_with_stmt(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_ivalue *res) {
	duk_int_t pc_trycatch;
	duk_int_t pc_finished;
	duk_reg_t reg_catch;
	duk_small_uint_t trycatch_flags;

	if (comp_ctx->curr_func.is_strict) {
		DUK_ERROR_SYNTAX(comp_ctx->thr, DUK_STR_WITH_IN_STRICT_MODE);
	}

	comp_ctx->curr_func.catch_depth++;

	duk__advance(comp_ctx);  /* eat 'with' */

	reg_catch = DUK__ALLOCTEMPS(comp_ctx, 2);

	duk__advance_expect(comp_ctx, DUK_TOK_LPAREN);
	duk__exprtop_toforcedreg(comp_ctx, res, DUK__BP_FOR_EXPR /*rbp_flags*/, reg_catch);
	duk__advance_expect(comp_ctx, DUK_TOK_RPAREN);

	pc_trycatch = duk__get_current_pc(comp_ctx);
	trycatch_flags = DUK_BC_TRYCATCH_FLAG_WITH_BINDING;
	duk__emit_a_bc(comp_ctx,
	                DUK_OP_TRYCATCH | DUK__EMIT_FLAG_NO_SHUFFLE_A,
	                (duk_regconst_t) trycatch_flags /*a*/,
	                (duk_regconst_t) reg_catch /*bc*/);
	duk__emit_invalid(comp_ctx);  /* catch jump */
	duk__emit_invalid(comp_ctx);  /* finished jump */

	duk__parse_stmt(comp_ctx, res, 0 /*allow_source_elem*/);
	duk__emit_extraop_only(comp_ctx,
	                       DUK_EXTRAOP_ENDTRY);

	pc_finished = duk__get_current_pc(comp_ctx);

	duk__patch_jump(comp_ctx, pc_trycatch + 2, pc_finished);

	comp_ctx->curr_func.catch_depth--;
}

DUK_LOCAL duk_int_t duk__stmt_label_site(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_int_t label_id) {
	/* if a site already exists, nop: max one label site per statement */
	if (label_id >= 0) {
		return label_id;
	}

	label_id = comp_ctx->curr_func.label_next++;
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("allocated new label id for label site: %ld", (long) label_id));

	duk__emit_extraop_bc(comp_ctx,
	                     DUK_EXTRAOP_LABEL,
	                     (duk_regconst_t) label_id);
	duk__emit_invalid(comp_ctx);
	duk__emit_invalid(comp_ctx);

	return label_id;
}

/* Parse a single statement.
 *
 * Creates a label site (with an empty label) automatically for iteration
 * statements.  Also "peels off" any label statements for explicit labels.
 */
DUK_LOCAL void duk__parse_stmt(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_ivalue *res, duk_bool_t allow_source_elem) {
	duk_hthread *thr = comp_ctx->thr;
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk_bool_t dir_prol_at_entry;    /* directive prologue status at entry */
	duk_reg_t temp_at_entry;
	duk_uarridx_t labels_len_at_entry;
	duk_int_t pc_at_entry;           /* assumed to also be PC of "LABEL" */
	duk_int_t stmt_id;
	duk_small_uint_t stmt_flags = 0;
	duk_int_t label_id = -1;
	duk_small_uint_t tok;

	DUK__RECURSION_INCREASE(comp_ctx, thr);

	temp_at_entry = DUK__GETTEMP(comp_ctx);
	pc_at_entry = duk__get_current_pc(comp_ctx);
	labels_len_at_entry = (duk_uarridx_t) duk_get_length(ctx, comp_ctx->curr_func.labelnames_idx);
	stmt_id = comp_ctx->curr_func.stmt_next++;
	dir_prol_at_entry = comp_ctx->curr_func.in_directive_prologue;

	DUK_UNREF(stmt_id);

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("parsing a statement, stmt_id=%ld, temp_at_entry=%ld, labels_len_at_entry=%ld, "
	                     "is_strict=%ld, in_directive_prologue=%ld, catch_depth=%ld",
	                     (long) stmt_id, (long) temp_at_entry, (long) labels_len_at_entry,
	                     (long) comp_ctx->curr_func.is_strict, (long) comp_ctx->curr_func.in_directive_prologue,
	                     (long) comp_ctx->curr_func.catch_depth));

	/* The directive prologue flag is cleared by default so that it is
	 * unset for any recursive statement parsing.  It is only "revived"
	 * if a directive is detected.  (We could also make directives only
	 * allowed if 'allow_source_elem' was true.)
	 */
	comp_ctx->curr_func.in_directive_prologue = 0;

 retry_parse:

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("try stmt parse, stmt_id=%ld, label_id=%ld, allow_source_elem=%ld, catch_depth=%ld",
	                     (long) stmt_id, (long) label_id, (long) allow_source_elem,
	                     (long) comp_ctx->curr_func.catch_depth));

	/*
	 *  Detect iteration statements; if encountered, establish an
	 *  empty label.
	 */

	tok = comp_ctx->curr_token.t;
	if (tok == DUK_TOK_FOR || tok == DUK_TOK_DO || tok == DUK_TOK_WHILE ||
	    tok == DUK_TOK_SWITCH) {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("iteration/switch statement -> add empty label"));

		label_id = duk__stmt_label_site(comp_ctx, label_id);
		duk__add_label(comp_ctx,
		               DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_EMPTY_STRING(thr),
		               pc_at_entry /*pc_label*/,
		               label_id);
	}

	/*
	 *  Main switch for statement / source element type.
	 */

	switch (comp_ctx->curr_token.t) {
	case DUK_TOK_FUNCTION: {
		/*
		 *  Function declaration, function expression, or (non-standard)
		 *  function statement.
		 *
		 *  The E5 specification only allows function declarations at
		 *  the top level (in "source elements").  An ExpressionStatement
		 *  is explicitly not allowed to begin with a "function" keyword
		 *  (E5 Section 12.4).  Hence any non-error semantics for such
		 *  non-top-level statements are non-standard.  Duktape semantics
		 *  for function statements are modelled after V8, see
		 *  test-dev-func-decl-outside-top.js.
		 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_NONSTD_FUNC_STMT)
		/* Lenient: allow function declarations outside top level in
		 * non-strict mode but reject them in strict mode.
		 */
		if (allow_source_elem || !comp_ctx->curr_func.is_strict)
#else  /* DUK_USE_NONSTD_FUNC_STMT */
		/* Strict: never allow function declarations outside top level. */
		if (allow_source_elem)
#endif  /* DUK_USE_NONSTD_FUNC_STMT */
		{
			/* FunctionDeclaration: not strictly a statement but handled as such.
			 *
			 * O(depth^2) parse count for inner functions is handled by recording a
			 * lexer offset on the first compilation pass, so that the function can
			 * be efficiently skipped on the second pass.  This is encapsulated into
			 * duk__parse_func_like_fnum().
			 */

			duk_int_t fnum;

			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("function declaration statement"));

			duk__advance(comp_ctx);  /* eat 'function' */
			fnum = duk__parse_func_like_fnum(comp_ctx, 1 /*is_decl*/, 0 /*is_setget*/);

			if (comp_ctx->curr_func.in_scanning) {
				duk_uarridx_t n;
				duk_hstring *h_funcname;

				duk_get_prop_index(ctx, comp_ctx->curr_func.funcs_idx, fnum * 3);
				duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, -1, DUK_STRIDX_NAME);  /* -> [ ... func name ] */
				h_funcname = duk_get_hstring(ctx, -1);
				DUK_ASSERT(h_funcname != NULL);

				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("register function declaration %!O in pass 1, fnum %ld",
				                     (duk_heaphdr *) h_funcname, (long) fnum));
				n = (duk_uarridx_t) duk_get_length(ctx, comp_ctx->curr_func.decls_idx);
				duk_push_hstring(ctx, h_funcname);
				duk_put_prop_index(ctx, comp_ctx->curr_func.decls_idx, n);
				duk_push_int(ctx, (duk_int_t) (DUK_DECL_TYPE_FUNC + (fnum << 8)));
				duk_put_prop_index(ctx, comp_ctx->curr_func.decls_idx, n + 1);

				duk_pop_n(ctx, 2);
			}

			/* no statement value (unlike function expression) */
			stmt_flags = 0;
			break;
		} else {
			DUK_ERROR_SYNTAX(thr, DUK_STR_FUNC_STMT_NOT_ALLOWED);
		}
		break;
	}
	case DUK_TOK_LCURLY: {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("block statement"));
		duk__advance(comp_ctx);
		duk__parse_stmts(comp_ctx, 0 /*allow_source_elem*/, 0 /*expect_eof*/);
		/* the DUK_TOK_RCURLY is eaten by duk__parse_stmts() */
		if (label_id >= 0) {
			duk__patch_jump_here(comp_ctx, pc_at_entry + 1);  /* break jump */
		}
		stmt_flags = 0;
		break;
	}
	case DUK_TOK_CONST: {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("constant declaration statement"));
		duk__parse_var_stmt(comp_ctx, res, DUK__EXPR_FLAG_REQUIRE_INIT /*expr_flags*/);
		stmt_flags = DUK__HAS_TERM;
		break;
	}
	case DUK_TOK_VAR: {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("variable declaration statement"));
		duk__parse_var_stmt(comp_ctx, res, 0 /*expr_flags*/);
		stmt_flags = DUK__HAS_TERM;
		break;
	}
	case DUK_TOK_SEMICOLON: {
		/* empty statement with an explicit semicolon */
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("empty statement"));
		stmt_flags = DUK__HAS_TERM;
		break;
	}
	case DUK_TOK_IF: {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("if statement"));
		duk__parse_if_stmt(comp_ctx, res);
		if (label_id >= 0) {
			duk__patch_jump_here(comp_ctx, pc_at_entry + 1);  /* break jump */
		}
		stmt_flags = 0;
		break;
	}
	case DUK_TOK_DO: {
		/*
		 *  Do-while statement is mostly trivial, but there is special
		 *  handling for automatic semicolon handling (triggered by the
		 *  DUK__ALLOW_AUTO_SEMI_ALWAYS) flag related to a bug filed at:
		 *
		 *    https://bugs.ecmascript.org/show_bug.cgi?id=8
		 *
		 *  See doc/compiler.rst for details.
		 */
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("do statement"));
		DUK_ASSERT(label_id >= 0);
		duk__update_label_flags(comp_ctx,
		                        label_id,
		                        DUK_LABEL_FLAG_ALLOW_BREAK | DUK_LABEL_FLAG_ALLOW_CONTINUE);
		duk__parse_do_stmt(comp_ctx, res, pc_at_entry);
		stmt_flags = DUK__HAS_TERM | DUK__ALLOW_AUTO_SEMI_ALWAYS;  /* DUK__ALLOW_AUTO_SEMI_ALWAYS workaround */
		break;
	}
	case DUK_TOK_WHILE: {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("while statement"));
		DUK_ASSERT(label_id >= 0);
		duk__update_label_flags(comp_ctx,
		                        label_id,
		                        DUK_LABEL_FLAG_ALLOW_BREAK | DUK_LABEL_FLAG_ALLOW_CONTINUE);
		duk__parse_while_stmt(comp_ctx, res, pc_at_entry);
		stmt_flags = 0;
		break;
	}
	case DUK_TOK_FOR: {
		/*
		 *  For/for-in statement is complicated to parse because
		 *  determining the statement type (three-part for vs. a
		 *  for-in) requires potential backtracking.
		 *
		 *  See the helper for the messy stuff.
		 */
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("for/for-in statement"));
		DUK_ASSERT(label_id >= 0);
		duk__update_label_flags(comp_ctx,
		                        label_id,
		                        DUK_LABEL_FLAG_ALLOW_BREAK | DUK_LABEL_FLAG_ALLOW_CONTINUE);
		duk__parse_for_stmt(comp_ctx, res, pc_at_entry);
		stmt_flags = 0;
		break;
	}
	case DUK_TOK_CONTINUE:
	case DUK_TOK_BREAK: {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("break/continue statement"));
		duk__parse_break_or_continue_stmt(comp_ctx, res);
		stmt_flags = DUK__HAS_TERM | DUK__IS_TERMINAL;
		break;
	}
	case DUK_TOK_RETURN: {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("return statement"));
		duk__parse_return_stmt(comp_ctx, res);
		stmt_flags = DUK__HAS_TERM | DUK__IS_TERMINAL;
		break;
	}
	case DUK_TOK_WITH: {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("with statement"));
		comp_ctx->curr_func.with_depth++;
		duk__parse_with_stmt(comp_ctx, res);
		if (label_id >= 0) {
			duk__patch_jump_here(comp_ctx, pc_at_entry + 1);  /* break jump */
		}
		comp_ctx->curr_func.with_depth--;
		stmt_flags = 0;
		break;
	}
	case DUK_TOK_SWITCH: {
		/*
		 *  The switch statement is pretty messy to compile.
		 *  See the helper for details.
		 */
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("switch statement"));
		DUK_ASSERT(label_id >= 0);
		duk__update_label_flags(comp_ctx,
		                        label_id,
		                        DUK_LABEL_FLAG_ALLOW_BREAK);  /* don't allow continue */
		duk__parse_switch_stmt(comp_ctx, res, pc_at_entry);
		stmt_flags = 0;
		break;
	}
	case DUK_TOK_THROW: {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("throw statement"));
		duk__parse_throw_stmt(comp_ctx, res);
		stmt_flags = DUK__HAS_TERM | DUK__IS_TERMINAL;
		break;
	}
	case DUK_TOK_TRY: {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("try statement"));
		duk__parse_try_stmt(comp_ctx, res);
		stmt_flags = 0;
		break;
	}
	case DUK_TOK_DEBUGGER: {
		duk__advance(comp_ctx);
#if defined(DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_SUPPORT)
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("debugger statement: debugging enabled, emit debugger opcode"));
		duk__emit_extraop_only(comp_ctx, DUK_EXTRAOP_DEBUGGER);
#else
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("debugger statement: ignored"));
#endif
		stmt_flags = DUK__HAS_TERM;
		break;
	}
	default: {
		/*
		 *  Else, must be one of:
		 *    - ExpressionStatement, possibly a directive (String)
		 *    - LabelledStatement (Identifier followed by ':')
		 *
		 *  Expressions beginning with 'function' keyword are covered by a case
		 *  above (such expressions are not allowed in standard E5 anyway).
		 *  Also expressions starting with '{' are interpreted as block
		 *  statements.  See E5 Section 12.4.
		 *
		 *  Directive detection is tricky; see E5 Section 14.1 on directive
		 *  prologue.  A directive is an expression statement with a single
		 *  string literal and an explicit or automatic semicolon.  Escape
		 *  characters are significant and no parens etc are allowed:
		 *
		 *    'use strict';          // valid 'use strict' directive
		 *    'use\u0020strict';     // valid directive, not a 'use strict' directive
		 *    ('use strict');        // not a valid directive
		 *
		 *  The expression is determined to consist of a single string literal
		 *  based on duk__expr_nud() and duk__expr_led() call counts.  The string literal
		 *  of a 'use strict' directive is determined to lack any escapes based
		 *  num_escapes count from the lexer.  Note that other directives may be
		 *  allowed to contain escapes, so a directive with escapes does not
		 *  terminate a directive prologue.
		 *
		 *  We rely on the fact that the expression parser will not emit any
		 *  code for a single token expression.  However, it will generate an
		 *  intermediate value which we will then successfully ignore.
		 *
		 *  A similar approach is used for labels.
		 */

		duk_bool_t single_token;

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("expression statement"));
		duk__exprtop(comp_ctx, res, DUK__BP_FOR_EXPR /*rbp_flags*/);

		single_token = (comp_ctx->curr_func.nud_count == 1 &&  /* one token */
		                comp_ctx->curr_func.led_count == 0);   /* no operators */

		if (single_token &&
		    comp_ctx->prev_token.t == DUK_TOK_IDENTIFIER &&
		    comp_ctx->curr_token.t == DUK_TOK_COLON) {
			/*
			 *  Detected label
			 */

			duk_hstring *h_lab;

			/* expected ival */
			DUK_ASSERT(res->t == DUK_IVAL_VAR);
			DUK_ASSERT(res->x1.t == DUK_ISPEC_VALUE);
			DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_STRING(duk_get_tval(ctx, res->x1.valstack_idx)));
			h_lab = comp_ctx->prev_token.str1;
			DUK_ASSERT(h_lab != NULL);

			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("explicit label site for label '%!O'",
			                     (duk_heaphdr *) h_lab));

			duk__advance(comp_ctx);  /* eat colon */

			label_id = duk__stmt_label_site(comp_ctx, label_id);

			duk__add_label(comp_ctx,
			               h_lab,
			               pc_at_entry /*pc_label*/,
			               label_id);

			/* a statement following a label cannot be a source element
			 * (a function declaration).
			 */
			allow_source_elem = 0;

			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("label handled, retry statement parsing"));
			goto retry_parse;
		}

		stmt_flags = 0;

		if (dir_prol_at_entry &&                           /* still in prologue */
		    single_token &&                                /* single string token */
		    comp_ctx->prev_token.t == DUK_TOK_STRING) {
			/*
			 *  Detected a directive
			 */
			duk_hstring *h_dir;

			/* expected ival */
			DUK_ASSERT(res->t == DUK_IVAL_PLAIN);
			DUK_ASSERT(res->x1.t == DUK_ISPEC_VALUE);
			DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_STRING(duk_get_tval(ctx, res->x1.valstack_idx)));
			h_dir = comp_ctx->prev_token.str1;
			DUK_ASSERT(h_dir != NULL);

			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("potential directive: %!O", h_dir));

			stmt_flags |= DUK__STILL_PROLOGUE;

			/* Note: escaped characters differentiate directives */

			if (comp_ctx->prev_token.num_escapes > 0) {
				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("directive contains escapes: valid directive "
				                     "but we ignore such directives"));
			} else {
				/*
				 * The length comparisons are present to handle
				 * strings like "use strict\u0000foo" as required.
				 */

				if (DUK_HSTRING_GET_BYTELEN(h_dir) == 10 &&
				    DUK_STRNCMP((const char *) DUK_HSTRING_GET_DATA(h_dir), "use strict", 10) == 0) {
#if defined(DUK_USE_STRICT_DECL)
					DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("use strict directive detected: strict flag %ld -> %ld",
					                     (long) comp_ctx->curr_func.is_strict, (long) 1));
					comp_ctx->curr_func.is_strict = 1;
#else
					DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("use strict detected but strict declarations disabled, ignoring"));
#endif
				} else if (DUK_HSTRING_GET_BYTELEN(h_dir) == 14 &&
				           DUK_STRNCMP((const char *) DUK_HSTRING_GET_DATA(h_dir), "use duk notail", 14) == 0) {
					DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("use duk notail directive detected: notail flag %ld -> %ld",
					                     (long) comp_ctx->curr_func.is_notail, (long) 1));
					comp_ctx->curr_func.is_notail = 1;
				} else {
					DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("unknown directive: '%!O', ignoring but not terminating "
					                   "directive prologue", (duk_hobject *) h_dir));
				}
			}
		} else {
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("non-directive expression statement or no longer in prologue; "
			                     "prologue terminated if still active"));
                }

		stmt_flags |= DUK__HAS_VAL | DUK__HAS_TERM;
	}
	}  /* end switch (tok) */

	/*
	 *  Statement value handling.
	 *
	 *  Global code and eval code has an implicit return value
	 *  which comes from the last statement with a value
	 *  (technically a non-"empty" continuation, which is
	 *  different from an empty statement).
	 *
	 *  Since we don't know whether a later statement will
	 *  override the value of the current statement, we need
	 *  to coerce the statement value to a register allocated
	 *  for implicit return values.  In other cases we need
	 *  to coerce the statement value to a plain value to get
	 *  any side effects out (consider e.g. "foo.bar;").
	 */

	/* XXX: what about statements which leave a half-cooked value in 'res'
	 * but have no stmt value?  Any such statements?
	 */

	if (stmt_flags & DUK__HAS_VAL) {
		duk_reg_t reg_stmt_value = comp_ctx->curr_func.reg_stmt_value;
		if (reg_stmt_value >= 0) {
			duk__ivalue_toforcedreg(comp_ctx, res, reg_stmt_value);
		} else {
			duk__ivalue_toplain_ignore(comp_ctx, res);
		}
	} else {
		;
	}

	/*
	 *  Statement terminator check, including automatic semicolon
	 *  handling.  After this step, 'curr_tok' should be the first
	 *  token after a possible statement terminator.
	 */

	if (stmt_flags & DUK__HAS_TERM) {
		if (comp_ctx->curr_token.t == DUK_TOK_SEMICOLON) {
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("explicit semicolon terminates statement"));
			duk__advance(comp_ctx);
		} else {
			if (comp_ctx->curr_token.allow_auto_semi) {
				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("automatic semicolon terminates statement"));
			} else if (stmt_flags & DUK__ALLOW_AUTO_SEMI_ALWAYS) {
				/* XXX: make this lenience dependent on flags or strictness? */
				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("automatic semicolon terminates statement (allowed for compatibility "
				                     "even though no lineterm present before next token)"));
			} else {
				DUK_ERROR_SYNTAX(thr, DUK_STR_UNTERMINATED_STMT);
			}
		}
	} else {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("statement has no terminator"));
	}

	/*
	 *  Directive prologue tracking.
	 */

	if (stmt_flags & DUK__STILL_PROLOGUE) {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("setting in_directive_prologue"));
		comp_ctx->curr_func.in_directive_prologue = 1;
	}

	/*
	 *  Cleanups (all statement parsing flows through here).
	 *
	 *  Pop label site and reset labels.  Reset 'next temp' to value at
	 *  entry to reuse temps.
	 */

	if (label_id >= 0) {
		duk__emit_extraop_bc(comp_ctx,
		                     DUK_EXTRAOP_ENDLABEL,
		                     (duk_regconst_t) label_id);
	}

	DUK__SETTEMP(comp_ctx, temp_at_entry);

	duk__reset_labels_to_length(comp_ctx, labels_len_at_entry);

	/* XXX: return indication of "terminalness" (e.g. a 'throw' is terminal) */

	DUK__RECURSION_DECREASE(comp_ctx, thr);
}

#undef DUK__HAS_VAL
#undef DUK__HAS_TERM
#undef DUK__ALLOW_AUTO_SEMI_ALWAYS

/*
 *  Parse a statement list.
 *
 *  Handles automatic semicolon insertion and implicit return value.
 *
 *  Upon entry, 'curr_tok' should contain the first token of the first
 *  statement (parsed in the "allow regexp literal" mode).  Upon exit,
 *  'curr_tok' contains the token following the statement list terminator
 *  (EOF or closing brace).
 */

DUK_LOCAL void duk__parse_stmts(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_bool_t allow_source_elem, duk_bool_t expect_eof) {
	duk_hthread *thr = comp_ctx->thr;
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk_ivalue res_alloc;
	duk_ivalue *res = &res_alloc;

	/* Setup state.  Initial ivalue is 'undefined'. */

	duk_require_stack(ctx, DUK__PARSE_STATEMENTS_SLOTS);

	/* XXX: 'res' setup can be moved to function body level; in fact, two 'res'
	 * intermediate values suffice for parsing of each function.  Nesting is needed
	 * for nested functions (which may occur inside expressions).
	 */

	DUK_MEMZERO(&res_alloc, sizeof(res_alloc));
	res->t = DUK_IVAL_PLAIN;
	res->x1.t = DUK_ISPEC_VALUE;
	res->x1.valstack_idx = duk_get_top(ctx);
	res->x2.valstack_idx = res->x1.valstack_idx + 1;
	duk_push_undefined(ctx);
	duk_push_undefined(ctx);

	/* Parse statements until a closing token (EOF or '}') is found. */

	for (;;) {
		/* Check whether statement list ends. */

		if (expect_eof) {
			if (comp_ctx->curr_token.t == DUK_TOK_EOF) {
				break;
			}
		} else {
			if (comp_ctx->curr_token.t == DUK_TOK_RCURLY) {
				break;
			}
		}

		/* Check statement type based on the first token type.
		 *
		 * Note: expression parsing helpers expect 'curr_tok' to
		 * contain the first token of the expression upon entry.
		 */

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("TOKEN %ld (non-whitespace, non-comment)", (long) comp_ctx->curr_token.t));

		duk__parse_stmt(comp_ctx, res, allow_source_elem);
	}

	duk__advance(comp_ctx);

	/* Tear down state. */

	duk_pop_2(ctx);
}

/*
 *  Declaration binding instantiation conceptually happens when calling a
 *  function; for us it essentially means that function prologue.  The
 *  conceptual process is described in E5 Section 10.5.
 *
 *  We need to keep track of all encountered identifiers to (1) create an
 *  identifier-to-register map ("varmap"); and (2) detect duplicate
 *  declarations.  Identifiers which are not bound to registers still need
 *  to be tracked for detecting duplicates.  Currently such identifiers
 *  are put into the varmap with a 'null' value, which is later cleaned up.
 *
 *  To support functions with a large number of variable and function
 *  declarations, registers are not allocated beyond a certain limit;
 *  after that limit, variables and functions need slow path access.
 *  Arguments are currently always register bound, which imposes a hard
 *  (and relatively small) argument count limit.
 *
 *  Some bindings in E5 are not configurable (= deletable) and almost all
 *  are mutable (writable).  Exceptions are:
 *
 *    - The 'arguments' binding, established only if no shadowing argument
 *      or function declaration exists.  We handle 'arguments' creation
 *      and binding through an explicit slow path environment record.
 *
 *    - The "name" binding for a named function expression.  This is also
 *      handled through an explicit slow path environment record.
 */

/* XXX: add support for variables to not be register bound always, to
 * handle cases with a very large number of variables?
 */

DUK_LOCAL void duk__init_varmap_and_prologue_for_pass2(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_reg_t *out_stmt_value_reg) {
	duk_hthread *thr = comp_ctx->thr;
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk_hstring *h_name;
	duk_bool_t configurable_bindings;
	duk_uarridx_t num_args;
	duk_uarridx_t num_decls;
	duk_regconst_t rc_name;
	duk_small_uint_t declvar_flags;
	duk_uarridx_t i;
#ifdef DUK_USE_ASSERTIONS
	duk_idx_t entry_top;
#endif

#ifdef DUK_USE_ASSERTIONS
	entry_top = duk_get_top(ctx);
#endif

	/*
	 *  Preliminaries
	 */

	configurable_bindings = comp_ctx->curr_func.is_eval;
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("configurable_bindings=%ld", (long) configurable_bindings));

	/* varmap is already in comp_ctx->curr_func.varmap_idx */

	/*
	 *  Function formal arguments, always bound to registers
	 *  (there's no support for shuffling them now).
	 */

	num_args = (duk_uarridx_t) duk_get_length(ctx, comp_ctx->curr_func.argnames_idx);
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("num_args=%ld", (long) num_args));
	/* XXX: check num_args */

	for (i = 0; i < num_args; i++) {
		duk_get_prop_index(ctx, comp_ctx->curr_func.argnames_idx, i);
		h_name = duk_get_hstring(ctx, -1);
		DUK_ASSERT(h_name != NULL);

		if (comp_ctx->curr_func.is_strict) {
			if (duk__hstring_is_eval_or_arguments(comp_ctx, h_name)) {
				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("arg named 'eval' or 'arguments' in strict mode -> SyntaxError"));
				goto error_argname;
			}
			duk_dup_top(ctx);
			if (duk_has_prop(ctx, comp_ctx->curr_func.varmap_idx)) {
				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("duplicate arg name in strict mode -> SyntaxError"));
				goto error_argname;
			}

			/* Ensure argument name is not a reserved word in current
			 * (final) strictness.  Formal argument parsing may not
			 * catch reserved names if strictness changes during
			 * parsing.
			 *
			 * We only need to do this in strict mode because non-strict
			 * keyword are always detected in formal argument parsing.
			 */

			if (DUK_HSTRING_HAS_STRICT_RESERVED_WORD(h_name)) {
				goto error_argname;
			}
		}

		/* overwrite any previous binding of the same name; the effect is
		 * that last argument of a certain name wins.
		 */

		/* only functions can have arguments */
		DUK_ASSERT(comp_ctx->curr_func.is_function);
		duk_push_uarridx(ctx, i);  /* -> [ ... name index ] */
		duk_put_prop(ctx, comp_ctx->curr_func.varmap_idx); /* -> [ ... ] */

		/* no code needs to be emitted, the regs already have values */
	}

	/* use temp_next for tracking register allocations */
	DUK__SETTEMP_CHECKMAX(comp_ctx, (duk_reg_t) num_args);

	/*
	 *  After arguments, allocate special registers (like shuffling temps)
	 */

	if (out_stmt_value_reg) {
		*out_stmt_value_reg = DUK__ALLOCTEMP(comp_ctx);
	}
	if (comp_ctx->curr_func.needs_shuffle) {
		duk_reg_t shuffle_base = DUK__ALLOCTEMPS(comp_ctx, 3);
		comp_ctx->curr_func.shuffle1 = shuffle_base;
		comp_ctx->curr_func.shuffle2 = shuffle_base + 1;
		comp_ctx->curr_func.shuffle3 = shuffle_base + 2;
		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("shuffle registers needed by function, allocated: %ld %ld %ld",
		                 (long) comp_ctx->curr_func.shuffle1,
		                 (long) comp_ctx->curr_func.shuffle2,
		                 (long) comp_ctx->curr_func.shuffle3));
	}
	if (comp_ctx->curr_func.temp_next > 0x100) {
		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("not enough 8-bit regs: temp_next=%ld", (long) comp_ctx->curr_func.temp_next));
		goto error_outofregs;
	}

	/*
	 *  Function declarations
	 */

	num_decls = (duk_uarridx_t) duk_get_length(ctx, comp_ctx->curr_func.decls_idx);
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("num_decls=%ld -> %!T",
	                     (long) num_decls,
	                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, comp_ctx->curr_func.decls_idx)));
	for (i = 0; i < num_decls; i += 2) {
		duk_int_t decl_type;
		duk_int_t fnum;

		duk_get_prop_index(ctx, comp_ctx->curr_func.decls_idx, i + 1);  /* decl type */
		decl_type = duk_to_int(ctx, -1);
		fnum = decl_type >> 8;  /* XXX: macros */
		decl_type = decl_type & 0xff;
		duk_pop(ctx);

		if (decl_type != DUK_DECL_TYPE_FUNC) {
			continue;
		}

		duk_get_prop_index(ctx, comp_ctx->curr_func.decls_idx, i);  /* decl name */

		/* XXX: spilling */
		if (comp_ctx->curr_func.is_function) {
			duk_reg_t reg_bind;
			duk_dup_top(ctx);
			if (duk_has_prop(ctx, comp_ctx->curr_func.varmap_idx)) {
				/* shadowed; update value */
				duk_dup_top(ctx);
				duk_get_prop(ctx, comp_ctx->curr_func.varmap_idx);
				reg_bind = duk_to_int(ctx, -1);  /* [ ... name reg_bind ] */
				duk__emit_a_bc(comp_ctx,
				               DUK_OP_CLOSURE,
				               (duk_regconst_t) reg_bind,
				               (duk_regconst_t) fnum);
			} else {
				/* function: always register bound */
				reg_bind = DUK__ALLOCTEMP(comp_ctx);
				duk__emit_a_bc(comp_ctx,
				               DUK_OP_CLOSURE,
				               (duk_regconst_t) reg_bind,
				               (duk_regconst_t) fnum);
				duk_push_int(ctx, (duk_int_t) reg_bind);
			}
		} else {
			/* Function declaration for global/eval code is emitted even
			 * for duplicates, because of E5 Section 10.5, step 5.e of
			 * E5.1 (special behavior for variable bound to global object).
			 *
			 * DECLVAR will not re-declare a variable as such, but will
			 * update the binding value.
			 */

			duk_reg_t reg_temp = DUK__ALLOCTEMP(comp_ctx);
			duk_dup_top(ctx);
			rc_name = duk__getconst(comp_ctx);
			duk_push_null(ctx);

			duk__emit_a_bc(comp_ctx,
			               DUK_OP_CLOSURE,
			               (duk_regconst_t) reg_temp,
			               (duk_regconst_t) fnum);

			declvar_flags = DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_WRITABLE |
			                DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_ENUMERABLE |
			                DUK_BC_DECLVAR_FLAG_FUNC_DECL;

			if (configurable_bindings) {
				declvar_flags |= DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_CONFIGURABLE;
			}

			duk__emit_a_b_c(comp_ctx,
			                DUK_OP_DECLVAR | DUK__EMIT_FLAG_NO_SHUFFLE_A,
			                (duk_regconst_t) declvar_flags /*flags*/,
			                rc_name /*name*/,
			                (duk_regconst_t) reg_temp /*value*/);

			DUK__SETTEMP(comp_ctx, reg_temp);  /* forget temp */
		}

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("function declaration to varmap: %!T -> %!T",
		                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -2),
		                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));

		duk_put_prop(ctx, comp_ctx->curr_func.varmap_idx);  /* [ ... name reg/null ] -> [ ... ] */
	}

	/*
	 *  'arguments' binding is special; if a shadowing argument or
	 *  function declaration exists, an arguments object will
	 *  definitely not be needed, regardless of whether the identifier
	 *  'arguments' is referenced inside the function body.
	 */

	if (duk_has_prop_stridx(ctx, comp_ctx->curr_func.varmap_idx, DUK_STRIDX_LC_ARGUMENTS)) {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("'arguments' is shadowed by argument or function declaration "
		                     "-> arguments object creation can be skipped"));
		comp_ctx->curr_func.is_arguments_shadowed = 1;
	}

	/*
	 *  Variable declarations.
	 *
	 *  Unlike function declarations, variable declaration values don't get
	 *  assigned on entry.  If a binding of the same name already exists, just
	 *  ignore it silently.
	 */

	for (i = 0; i < num_decls; i += 2) {
		duk_int_t decl_type;

		duk_get_prop_index(ctx, comp_ctx->curr_func.decls_idx, i + 1);  /* decl type */
		decl_type = duk_to_int(ctx, -1);
		decl_type = decl_type & 0xff;
		duk_pop(ctx);

		if (decl_type != DUK_DECL_TYPE_VAR) {
			continue;
		}

		duk_get_prop_index(ctx, comp_ctx->curr_func.decls_idx, i);  /* decl name */

		if (duk_has_prop(ctx, comp_ctx->curr_func.varmap_idx)) {
			/* shadowed, ignore */
		} else {
			duk_get_prop_index(ctx, comp_ctx->curr_func.decls_idx, i);  /* decl name */
			h_name = duk_get_hstring(ctx, -1);
			DUK_ASSERT(h_name != NULL);

			if (h_name == DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_LC_ARGUMENTS(thr) &&
			    !comp_ctx->curr_func.is_arguments_shadowed) {
				/* E5 Section steps 7-8 */
				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("'arguments' not shadowed by a function declaration, "
				                     "but appears as a variable declaration -> treat as "
				                     "a no-op for variable declaration purposes"));
				duk_pop(ctx);
				continue;
			}

			/* XXX: spilling */
			if (comp_ctx->curr_func.is_function) {
				duk_reg_t reg_bind = DUK__ALLOCTEMP(comp_ctx);
				/* no need to init reg, it will be undefined on entry */
				duk_push_int(ctx, (duk_int_t) reg_bind);
			} else {
				duk_dup_top(ctx);
				rc_name = duk__getconst(comp_ctx);
				duk_push_null(ctx);

				declvar_flags = DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_WRITABLE |
			                        DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_ENUMERABLE |
				                DUK_BC_DECLVAR_FLAG_UNDEF_VALUE;
				if (configurable_bindings) {
					declvar_flags |= DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_CONFIGURABLE;
				}

				duk__emit_a_b_c(comp_ctx,
				                DUK_OP_DECLVAR | DUK__EMIT_FLAG_NO_SHUFFLE_A,
				                (duk_regconst_t) declvar_flags /*flags*/,
				                rc_name /*name*/,
				                (duk_regconst_t) 0 /*value*/);
			}

			duk_put_prop(ctx, comp_ctx->curr_func.varmap_idx);  /* [ ... name reg/null ] -> [ ... ] */
		}
	}

	/*
	 *  Wrap up
	 */

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("varmap: %!T, is_arguments_shadowed=%ld",
	                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, comp_ctx->curr_func.varmap_idx),
	                     (long) comp_ctx->curr_func.is_arguments_shadowed));

	DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, entry_top);
	return;

 error_outofregs:
	DUK_ERROR_RANGE(thr, DUK_STR_REG_LIMIT);
	DUK_UNREACHABLE();
	return;

 error_argname:
	DUK_ERROR_SYNTAX(thr, DUK_STR_INVALID_ARG_NAME);
	DUK_UNREACHABLE();
	return;
}

/*
 *  Parse a function-body-like expression (FunctionBody or Program
 *  in E5 grammar) using a two-pass parse.  The productions appear
 *  in the following contexts:
 *
 *    - function expression
 *    - function statement
 *    - function declaration
 *    - getter in object literal
 *    - setter in object literal
 *    - global code
 *    - eval code
 *    - Function constructor body
 *
 *  This function only parses the statement list of the body; the argument
 *  list and possible function name must be initialized by the caller.
 *  For instance, for Function constructor, the argument names are originally
 *  on the value stack.  The parsing of statements ends either at an EOF or
 *  a closing brace; this is controlled by an input flag.
 *
 *  Note that there are many differences affecting parsing and even code
 *  generation:
 *
 *    - Global and eval code have an implicit return value generated
 *      by the last statement; function code does not
 *
 *    - Global code, eval code, and Function constructor body end in
 *      an EOF, other bodies in a closing brace ('}')
 *
 *  Upon entry, 'curr_tok' is ignored and the function will pull in the
 *  first token on its own.  Upon exit, 'curr_tok' is the terminating
 *  token (EOF or closing brace).
 */

DUK_LOCAL void duk__parse_func_body(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_bool_t expect_eof, duk_bool_t implicit_return_value, duk_small_int_t expect_token) {
	duk_compiler_func *func;
	duk_hthread *thr;
	duk_context *ctx;
	duk_reg_t reg_stmt_value = -1;
	duk_lexer_point lex_pt;
	duk_reg_t temp_first;
	duk_small_int_t compile_round = 1;

	DUK_ASSERT(comp_ctx != NULL);

	thr = comp_ctx->thr;
	ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);

	func = &comp_ctx->curr_func;
	DUK_ASSERT(func != NULL);

	DUK__RECURSION_INCREASE(comp_ctx, thr);

	duk_require_stack(ctx, DUK__FUNCTION_BODY_REQUIRE_SLOTS);

	/*
	 *  Store lexer position for a later rewind
	 */

	DUK_LEXER_GETPOINT(&comp_ctx->lex, &lex_pt);

	/*
	 *  Program code (global and eval code) has an implicit return value
	 *  from the last statement value (e.g. eval("1; 2+3;") returns 3).
	 *  This is not the case with functions.  If implicit statement return
	 *  value is requested, all statements are coerced to a register
	 *  allocated here, and used in the implicit return statement below.
	 */

	/* XXX: this is pointless here because pass 1 is throw-away */
	if (implicit_return_value) {
		reg_stmt_value = DUK__ALLOCTEMP(comp_ctx);

		/* If an implicit return value is needed by caller, it must be
		 * initialized to 'undefined' because we don't know whether any
		 * non-empty (where "empty" is a continuation type, and different
		 * from an empty statement) statements will be executed.
		 *
		 * However, since 1st pass is a throwaway one, no need to emit
		 * it here.
		 */
#if 0
		duk__emit_extraop_bc(comp_ctx,
		                     DUK_EXTRAOP_LDUNDEF,
		                     0);
#endif
	}

	/*
	 *  First pass.
	 *
	 *  Gather variable/function declarations needed for second pass.
	 *  Code generated is dummy and discarded.
	 */

	func->in_directive_prologue = 1;
	func->in_scanning = 1;
	func->may_direct_eval = 0;
	func->id_access_arguments = 0;
	func->id_access_slow = 0;
	func->reg_stmt_value = reg_stmt_value;
#if defined(DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_SUPPORT)
	func->min_line = DUK_INT_MAX;
	func->max_line = 0;
#endif

	/* duk__parse_stmts() expects curr_tok to be set; parse in "allow regexp literal" mode with current strictness */
	if (expect_token >= 0) {
		/* Eating a left curly; regexp mode is allowed by left curly
		 * based on duk__token_lbp[] automatically.
		 */
		DUK_ASSERT(expect_token == DUK_TOK_LCURLY);
		duk__update_lineinfo_currtoken(comp_ctx);
		duk__advance_expect(comp_ctx, expect_token);
	} else {
		/* Need to set curr_token.t because lexing regexp mode depends on current
		 * token type.  Zero value causes "allow regexp" mode.
		 */
		comp_ctx->curr_token.t = 0;
		duk__advance(comp_ctx);
	}

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("begin 1st pass"));
	duk__parse_stmts(comp_ctx,
	                 1,             /* allow source elements */
	                 expect_eof);   /* expect EOF instead of } */
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("end 1st pass"));

	/*
	 *  Second (and possibly third) pass.
	 *
	 *  Generate actual code.  In most cases the need for shuffle
	 *  registers is detected during pass 1, but in some corner cases
	 *  we'll only detect it during pass 2 and a third pass is then
	 *  needed (see GH-115).
	 */

	for (;;) {
		duk_bool_t needs_shuffle_before = comp_ctx->curr_func.needs_shuffle;
		compile_round++;

		/*
		 *  Rewind lexer.
		 *
		 *  duk__parse_stmts() expects curr_tok to be set; parse in "allow regexp
		 *  literal" mode with current strictness.
		 *
		 *  curr_token line number info should be initialized for pass 2 before
		 *  generating prologue, to ensure prologue bytecode gets nice line numbers.
		 */

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("rewind lexer"));
		DUK_LEXER_SETPOINT(&comp_ctx->lex, &lex_pt);
		comp_ctx->curr_token.t = 0;  /* this is needed for regexp mode */
		comp_ctx->curr_token.start_line = 0;  /* needed for line number tracking (becomes prev_token.start_line) */
		duk__advance(comp_ctx);

		/*
		 *  Reset function state and perform register allocation, which creates
		 *  'varmap' for second pass.  Function prologue for variable declarations,
		 *  binding value initializations etc is emitted as a by-product.
		 *
		 *  Strict mode restrictions for duplicate and invalid argument
		 *  names are checked here now that we know whether the function
		 *  is actually strict.  See: test-dev-strict-mode-boundary.js.
		 *
		 *  Inner functions are compiled during pass 1 and are not reset.
		 */

		duk__reset_func_for_pass2(comp_ctx);
		func->in_directive_prologue = 1;
		func->in_scanning = 0;

		/* must be able to emit code, alloc consts, etc. */

		duk__init_varmap_and_prologue_for_pass2(comp_ctx,
		                                        (implicit_return_value ? &reg_stmt_value : NULL));
		func->reg_stmt_value = reg_stmt_value;

		temp_first = DUK__GETTEMP(comp_ctx);

		func->temp_first = temp_first;
		func->temp_next = temp_first;
		func->stmt_next = 0;
		func->label_next = 0;

		/* XXX: init or assert catch depth etc -- all values */
		func->id_access_arguments = 0;
		func->id_access_slow = 0;

		/*
		 *  Check function name validity now that we know strictness.
		 *  This only applies to function declarations and expressions,
		 *  not setter/getter name.
		 *
		 *  See: test-dev-strict-mode-boundary.js
		 */

		if (func->is_function && !func->is_setget && func->h_name != NULL) {
			if (func->is_strict) {
				if (duk__hstring_is_eval_or_arguments(comp_ctx, func->h_name)) {
					DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("func name is 'eval' or 'arguments' in strict mode"));
					goto error_funcname;
				}
				if (DUK_HSTRING_HAS_STRICT_RESERVED_WORD(func->h_name)) {
					DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("func name is a reserved word in strict mode"));
					goto error_funcname;
				}
			} else {
				if (DUK_HSTRING_HAS_RESERVED_WORD(func->h_name) &&
				    !DUK_HSTRING_HAS_STRICT_RESERVED_WORD(func->h_name)) {
					DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("func name is a reserved word in non-strict mode"));
					goto error_funcname;
				}
			}
		}

		/*
		 *  Second pass parsing.
		 */

		if (implicit_return_value) {
			/* Default implicit return value. */
			duk__emit_extraop_bc(comp_ctx,
			                     DUK_EXTRAOP_LDUNDEF,
			                     0);
		}

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("begin 2nd pass"));
		duk__parse_stmts(comp_ctx,
		                 1,             /* allow source elements */
		                 expect_eof);   /* expect EOF instead of } */
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("end 2nd pass"));

		duk__update_lineinfo_currtoken(comp_ctx);

		if (needs_shuffle_before == comp_ctx->curr_func.needs_shuffle) {
			/* Shuffle decision not changed. */
			break;
		}
		if (compile_round >= 3) {
			/* Should never happen but avoid infinite loop just in case. */
			DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("more than 3 compile passes needed, should never happen"));
			DUK_ERROR_INTERNAL_DEFMSG(thr);
		}
		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("need additional round to compile function, round now %d", (int) compile_round));
	}

	/*
	 *  Emit a final RETURN.
	 *
	 *  It would be nice to avoid emitting an unnecessary "return" opcode
	 *  if the current PC is not reachable.  However, this cannot be reliably
	 *  detected; even if the previous instruction is an unconditional jump,
	 *  there may be a previous jump which jumps to current PC (which is the
	 *  case for iteration and conditional statements, for instance).
	 */

	/* XXX: request a "last statement is terminal" from duk__parse_stmt() and duk__parse_stmts();
	 * we could avoid the last RETURN if we could ensure there is no way to get here
	 * (directly or via a jump)
	 */

	DUK_ASSERT(comp_ctx->curr_func.catch_depth == 0);
	if (reg_stmt_value >= 0) {
		duk__emit_a_b(comp_ctx,
		              DUK_OP_RETURN | DUK__EMIT_FLAG_NO_SHUFFLE_A,
		              (duk_regconst_t) DUK_BC_RETURN_FLAG_HAVE_RETVAL /*flags*/,
		              (duk_regconst_t) reg_stmt_value /*reg*/);
	} else {
		duk__emit_a_b(comp_ctx,
		              DUK_OP_RETURN | DUK__EMIT_FLAG_NO_SHUFFLE_A,
		              (duk_regconst_t) 0 /*flags*/,
		              (duk_regconst_t) 0 /*reg(ignored)*/);
	}

	/*
	 *  Peephole optimize JUMP chains.
	 */

	duk__peephole_optimize_bytecode(comp_ctx);

	/*
	 *  comp_ctx->curr_func is now ready to be converted into an actual
	 *  function template.
	 */

	DUK__RECURSION_DECREASE(comp_ctx, thr);
	return;

 error_funcname:
	DUK_ERROR_SYNTAX(thr, DUK_STR_INVALID_FUNC_NAME);
}

/*
 *  Parse a function-like expression:
 *
 *    - function expression
 *    - function declaration
 *    - function statement (non-standard)
 *    - setter/getter
 *
 *  Adds the function to comp_ctx->curr_func function table and returns the
 *  function number.
 *
 *  On entry, curr_token points to:
 *
 *    - the token after 'function' for function expression/declaration/statement
 *    - the token after 'set' or 'get' for setter/getter
 */

/* Parse formals. */
DUK_LOCAL void duk__parse_func_formals(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx) {
	duk_hthread *thr = comp_ctx->thr;
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk_bool_t first = 1;
	duk_uarridx_t n;

	for (;;) {
		if (comp_ctx->curr_token.t == DUK_TOK_RPAREN) {
			break;
		}

		if (first) {
			/* no comma */
			first = 0;
		} else {
			duk__advance_expect(comp_ctx, DUK_TOK_COMMA);
		}

		/* Note: when parsing a formal list in non-strict context, e.g.
		 * "implements" is parsed as an identifier.  When the function is
		 * later detected to be strict, the argument list must be rechecked
		 * against a larger set of reserved words (that of strict mode).
		 * This is handled by duk__parse_func_body().  Here we recognize
		 * whatever tokens are considered reserved in current strictness
		 * (which is not always enough).
		 */

		if (comp_ctx->curr_token.t != DUK_TOK_IDENTIFIER) {
			DUK_ERROR_SYNTAX(thr, "expected identifier");
		}
		DUK_ASSERT(comp_ctx->curr_token.t == DUK_TOK_IDENTIFIER);
		DUK_ASSERT(comp_ctx->curr_token.str1 != NULL);
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("formal argument: %!O",
		                     (duk_heaphdr *) comp_ctx->curr_token.str1));

		/* XXX: append primitive */
		duk_push_hstring(ctx, comp_ctx->curr_token.str1);
		n = (duk_uarridx_t) duk_get_length(ctx, comp_ctx->curr_func.argnames_idx);
		duk_put_prop_index(ctx, comp_ctx->curr_func.argnames_idx, n);

		duk__advance(comp_ctx);  /* eat identifier */
	}
}

/* Parse a function-like expression, assuming that 'comp_ctx->curr_func' is
 * correctly set up.  Assumes that curr_token is just after 'function' (or
 * 'set'/'get' etc).
 */
DUK_LOCAL void duk__parse_func_like_raw(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_bool_t is_decl, duk_bool_t is_setget) {
	duk_hthread *thr = comp_ctx->thr;
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;

	DUK_ASSERT(comp_ctx->curr_func.num_formals == 0);
	DUK_ASSERT(comp_ctx->curr_func.is_function == 1);
	DUK_ASSERT(comp_ctx->curr_func.is_eval == 0);
	DUK_ASSERT(comp_ctx->curr_func.is_global == 0);
	DUK_ASSERT(comp_ctx->curr_func.is_setget == is_setget);
	DUK_ASSERT(comp_ctx->curr_func.is_decl == is_decl);

	duk__update_lineinfo_currtoken(comp_ctx);

	/*
	 *  Function name (if any)
	 *
	 *  We don't check for prohibited names here, because we don't
	 *  yet know whether the function will be strict.  Function body
	 *  parsing handles this retroactively.
	 *
	 *  For function expressions and declarations function name must
	 *  be an Identifer (excludes reserved words).  For setter/getter
	 *  it is a PropertyName which allows reserved words and also
	 *  strings and numbers (e.g. "{ get 1() { ... } }").
	 */

	if (is_setget) {
		/* PropertyName -> IdentifierName | StringLiteral | NumericLiteral */
		if (comp_ctx->curr_token.t_nores == DUK_TOK_IDENTIFIER ||
		    comp_ctx->curr_token.t == DUK_TOK_STRING) {
			duk_push_hstring(ctx, comp_ctx->curr_token.str1);       /* keep in valstack */
		} else if (comp_ctx->curr_token.t == DUK_TOK_NUMBER) {
			duk_push_number(ctx, comp_ctx->curr_token.num);
			duk_to_string(ctx, -1);
		} else {
			DUK_ERROR_SYNTAX(thr, DUK_STR_INVALID_GETSET_NAME);
		}
		comp_ctx->curr_func.h_name = duk_get_hstring(ctx, -1);  /* borrowed reference */
		DUK_ASSERT(comp_ctx->curr_func.h_name != NULL);
		duk__advance(comp_ctx);
	} else {
		/* Function name is an Identifier (not IdentifierName), but we get
		 * the raw name (not recognizing keywords) here and perform the name
		 * checks only after pass 1.
		 */
		if (comp_ctx->curr_token.t_nores == DUK_TOK_IDENTIFIER) {
			duk_push_hstring(ctx, comp_ctx->curr_token.str1);       /* keep in valstack */
			comp_ctx->curr_func.h_name = duk_get_hstring(ctx, -1);  /* borrowed reference */
			DUK_ASSERT(comp_ctx->curr_func.h_name != NULL);
			duk__advance(comp_ctx);
		} else {
			/* valstack will be unbalanced, which is OK */
			DUK_ASSERT(!is_setget);
			if (is_decl) {
				DUK_ERROR_SYNTAX(thr, DUK_STR_FUNC_NAME_REQUIRED);
			}
		}
	}

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("function name: %!O",
	                     (duk_heaphdr *) comp_ctx->curr_func.h_name));

	/*
	 *  Formal argument list
	 *
	 *  We don't check for prohibited names or for duplicate argument
	 *  names here, becase we don't yet know whether the function will
	 *  be strict.  Function body parsing handles this retroactively.
	 */

	duk__advance_expect(comp_ctx, DUK_TOK_LPAREN);

	duk__parse_func_formals(comp_ctx);

	DUK_ASSERT(comp_ctx->curr_token.t == DUK_TOK_RPAREN);
	duk__advance(comp_ctx);

	/*
	 *  Parse function body
	 */

	duk__parse_func_body(comp_ctx,
	                     0,   /* expect_eof */
	                     0,   /* implicit_return_value */
	                     DUK_TOK_LCURLY);  /* expect_token */

	/*
	 *  Convert duk_compiler_func to a function template and add it
	 *  to the parent function table.
	 */

	duk__convert_to_func_template(comp_ctx, is_setget /*force_no_namebind*/);  /* -> [ ... func ] */
}

/* Parse an inner function, adding the function template to the current function's
 * function table.  Return a function number to be used by the outer function.
 *
 * Avoiding O(depth^2) inner function parsing is handled here.  On the first pass,
 * compile and register the function normally into the 'funcs' array, also recording
 * a lexer point (offset/line) to the closing brace of the function.  On the second
 * pass, skip the function and return the same 'fnum' as on the first pass by using
 * a running counter.
 *
 * An unfortunate side effect of this is that when parsing the inner function, almost
 * nothing is known of the outer function, i.e. the inner function's scope.  We don't
 * need that information at the moment, but it would allow some optimizations if it
 * were used.
 */
DUK_LOCAL duk_int_t duk__parse_func_like_fnum(duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx, duk_bool_t is_decl, duk_bool_t is_setget) {
	duk_hthread *thr = comp_ctx->thr;
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk_compiler_func old_func;
	duk_idx_t entry_top;
	duk_int_t fnum;

	/*
	 *  On second pass, skip the function.
	 */

	if (!comp_ctx->curr_func.in_scanning) {
		duk_lexer_point lex_pt;

		fnum = comp_ctx->curr_func.fnum_next++;
		duk_get_prop_index(ctx, comp_ctx->curr_func.funcs_idx, (duk_uarridx_t) (fnum * 3 + 1));
		lex_pt.offset = duk_to_int(ctx, -1);
		duk_pop(ctx);
		duk_get_prop_index(ctx, comp_ctx->curr_func.funcs_idx, (duk_uarridx_t) (fnum * 3 + 2));
		lex_pt.line = duk_to_int(ctx, -1);
		duk_pop(ctx);

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("second pass of an inner func, skip the function, reparse closing brace; lex offset=%ld, line=%ld",
		                     (long) lex_pt.offset, (long) lex_pt.line));

		DUK_LEXER_SETPOINT(&comp_ctx->lex, &lex_pt);
		comp_ctx->curr_token.t = 0;  /* this is needed for regexp mode */
		comp_ctx->curr_token.start_line = 0;  /* needed for line number tracking (becomes prev_token.start_line) */
		duk__advance(comp_ctx);
		duk__advance_expect(comp_ctx, DUK_TOK_RCURLY);

		return fnum;
	}

	/*
	 *  On first pass, perform actual parsing.  Remember valstack top on entry
	 *  to restore it later, and switch to using a new function in comp_ctx.
	 */

	entry_top = duk_get_top(ctx);
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("before func: entry_top=%ld, curr_tok.start_offset=%ld",
	                     (long) entry_top, (long) comp_ctx->curr_token.start_offset));

	DUK_MEMCPY(&old_func, &comp_ctx->curr_func, sizeof(duk_compiler_func));

	DUK_MEMZERO(&comp_ctx->curr_func, sizeof(duk_compiler_func));
	duk__init_func_valstack_slots(comp_ctx);
	DUK_ASSERT(comp_ctx->curr_func.num_formals == 0);

	/* inherit initial strictness from parent */
	comp_ctx->curr_func.is_strict = old_func.is_strict;

	DUK_ASSERT(comp_ctx->curr_func.is_notail == 0);
	comp_ctx->curr_func.is_function = 1;
	DUK_ASSERT(comp_ctx->curr_func.is_eval == 0);
	DUK_ASSERT(comp_ctx->curr_func.is_global == 0);
	comp_ctx->curr_func.is_setget = is_setget;
	comp_ctx->curr_func.is_decl = is_decl;

	/*
	 *  Parse inner function
	 */

	duk__parse_func_like_raw(comp_ctx, is_decl, is_setget);  /* pushes function template */

	/* prev_token.start_offset points to the closing brace here; when skipping
	 * we're going to reparse the closing brace to ensure semicolon insertion
	 * etc work as expected.
	 */
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("after func: prev_tok.start_offset=%ld, curr_tok.start_offset=%ld",
	                     (long) comp_ctx->prev_token.start_offset, (long) comp_ctx->curr_token.start_offset));
	DUK_ASSERT(comp_ctx->lex.input[comp_ctx->prev_token.start_offset] == (duk_uint8_t) DUK_ASC_RCURLY);

	/* XXX: append primitive */
	DUK_ASSERT(duk_get_length(ctx, old_func.funcs_idx) == (duk_size_t) (old_func.fnum_next * 3));
	fnum = old_func.fnum_next++;

	if (fnum > DUK__MAX_FUNCS) {
		DUK_ERROR_RANGE(comp_ctx->thr, DUK_STR_FUNC_LIMIT);
	}

	/* array writes autoincrement length */
	(void) duk_put_prop_index(ctx, old_func.funcs_idx, (duk_uarridx_t) (fnum * 3));
	duk_push_size_t(ctx, comp_ctx->prev_token.start_offset);
	(void) duk_put_prop_index(ctx, old_func.funcs_idx, (duk_uarridx_t) (fnum * 3 + 1));
	duk_push_int(ctx, comp_ctx->prev_token.start_line);
	(void) duk_put_prop_index(ctx, old_func.funcs_idx, (duk_uarridx_t) (fnum * 3 + 2));

	/*
	 *  Cleanup: restore original function, restore valstack state.
	 */

	DUK_MEMCPY((void *) &comp_ctx->curr_func, (void *) &old_func, sizeof(duk_compiler_func));
	duk_set_top(ctx, entry_top);

	DUK_ASSERT_TOP(ctx, entry_top);

	return fnum;
}

/*
 *  Compile input string into an executable function template without
 *  arguments.
 *
 *  The string is parsed as the "Program" production of Ecmascript E5.
 *  Compilation context can be either global code or eval code (see E5
 *  Sections 14 and 15.1.2.1).
 *
 *  Input stack:  [ ... filename ]
 *  Output stack: [ ... func_template ]
 */

/* XXX: source code property */

DUK_LOCAL duk_ret_t duk__js_compile_raw(duk_context *ctx) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk_hstring *h_filename;
	duk__compiler_stkstate *comp_stk;
	duk_compiler_ctx *comp_ctx;
	duk_lexer_point *lex_pt;
	duk_compiler_func *func;
	duk_idx_t entry_top;
	duk_bool_t is_strict;
	duk_bool_t is_eval;
	duk_bool_t is_funcexpr;
	duk_small_uint_t flags;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);

	/*
	 *  Arguments check
	 */

	entry_top = duk_get_top(ctx);
	DUK_ASSERT(entry_top >= 2);

	comp_stk = (duk__compiler_stkstate *) duk_require_pointer(ctx, -1);
	comp_ctx = &comp_stk->comp_ctx_alloc;
	lex_pt = &comp_stk->lex_pt_alloc;
	DUK_ASSERT(comp_ctx != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(lex_pt != NULL);

	flags = comp_stk->flags;
	is_eval = (flags & DUK_JS_COMPILE_FLAG_EVAL ? 1 : 0);
	is_strict = (flags & DUK_JS_COMPILE_FLAG_STRICT ? 1 : 0);
	is_funcexpr = (flags & DUK_JS_COMPILE_FLAG_FUNCEXPR ? 1 : 0);

	h_filename = duk_get_hstring(ctx, -2);  /* may be undefined */

	/*
	 *  Init compiler and lexer contexts
	 */

	func = &comp_ctx->curr_func;
#ifdef DUK_USE_EXPLICIT_NULL_INIT
	comp_ctx->thr = NULL;
	comp_ctx->h_filename = NULL;
	comp_ctx->prev_token.str1 = NULL;
	comp_ctx->prev_token.str2 = NULL;
	comp_ctx->curr_token.str1 = NULL;
	comp_ctx->curr_token.str2 = NULL;
#endif

	duk_require_stack(ctx, DUK__COMPILE_ENTRY_SLOTS);

	duk_push_dynamic_buffer(ctx, 0);       /* entry_top + 0 */
	duk_push_undefined(ctx);               /* entry_top + 1 */
	duk_push_undefined(ctx);               /* entry_top + 2 */
	duk_push_undefined(ctx);               /* entry_top + 3 */
	duk_push_undefined(ctx);               /* entry_top + 4 */

	comp_ctx->thr = thr;
	comp_ctx->h_filename = h_filename;
	comp_ctx->tok11_idx = entry_top + 1;
	comp_ctx->tok12_idx = entry_top + 2;
	comp_ctx->tok21_idx = entry_top + 3;
	comp_ctx->tok22_idx = entry_top + 4;
	comp_ctx->recursion_limit = DUK_USE_COMPILER_RECLIMIT;

	/* comp_ctx->lex has been pre-initialized by caller: it has been
	 * zeroed and input/input_length has been set.
	 */
	comp_ctx->lex.thr = thr;
	/* comp_ctx->lex.input and comp_ctx->lex.input_length filled by caller */
	comp_ctx->lex.slot1_idx = comp_ctx->tok11_idx;
	comp_ctx->lex.slot2_idx = comp_ctx->tok12_idx;
	comp_ctx->lex.buf_idx = entry_top + 0;
	comp_ctx->lex.buf = (duk_hbuffer_dynamic *) duk_get_hbuffer(ctx, entry_top + 0);
	DUK_ASSERT(comp_ctx->lex.buf != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HBUFFER_HAS_DYNAMIC(comp_ctx->lex.buf) && !DUK_HBUFFER_HAS_EXTERNAL(comp_ctx->lex.buf));
	comp_ctx->lex.token_limit = DUK_COMPILER_TOKEN_LIMIT;

	lex_pt->offset = 0;
	lex_pt->line = 1;
	DUK_LEXER_SETPOINT(&comp_ctx->lex, lex_pt);    /* fills window */
	comp_ctx->curr_token.start_line = 0;  /* needed for line number tracking (becomes prev_token.start_line) */

	/*
	 *  Initialize function state for a zero-argument function
	 */

	duk__init_func_valstack_slots(comp_ctx);
	DUK_ASSERT(func->num_formals == 0);

	if (is_funcexpr) {
		/* Name will be filled from function expression, not by caller.
		 * This case is used by Function constructor and duk_compile()
		 * API with the DUK_COMPILE_FUNCTION option.
		 */
		DUK_ASSERT(func->h_name == NULL);
	} else {
		duk_push_hstring_stridx(ctx, (is_eval ? DUK_STRIDX_EVAL :
		                                        DUK_STRIDX_GLOBAL));
		func->h_name = duk_get_hstring(ctx, -1);
	}

	/*
	 *  Parse a function body or a function-like expression, depending
	 *  on flags.
	 */

	func->is_strict = is_strict;
	func->is_setget = 0;
	func->is_decl = 0;

	if (is_funcexpr) {
		func->is_function = 1;
		func->is_eval = 0;
		func->is_global = 0;

		duk__advance(comp_ctx);  /* init 'curr_token' */
		duk__advance_expect(comp_ctx, DUK_TOK_FUNCTION);
		(void) duk__parse_func_like_raw(comp_ctx,
		                                0,      /* is_decl */
		                                0);     /* is_setget */
	} else {
		func->is_function = 0;
		func->is_eval = is_eval;
		func->is_global = !is_eval;

		duk__parse_func_body(comp_ctx,
		                     1,             /* expect_eof */
		                     1,             /* implicit_return_value */
		                     -1);           /* expect_token */
	}

	/*
	 *  Convert duk_compiler_func to a function template
	 */

	duk__convert_to_func_template(comp_ctx, 0 /*force_no_namebind*/);

	/*
	 *  Wrapping duk_safe_call() will mangle the stack, just return stack top
	 */

	/* [ ... filename (temps) func ] */

	return 1;
}

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_js_compile(duk_hthread *thr, const duk_uint8_t *src_buffer, duk_size_t src_length, duk_small_uint_t flags) {
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk__compiler_stkstate comp_stk;
	duk_compiler_ctx *prev_ctx;
	duk_ret_t safe_rc;

	/* XXX: this illustrates that a C catchpoint implemented using duk_safe_call()
	 * is a bit heavy at the moment.  The wrapper compiles to ~180 bytes on x64.
	 * Alternatives would be nice.
	 */

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(src_buffer != NULL);

	/* preinitialize lexer state partially */
	DUK_MEMZERO(&comp_stk, sizeof(comp_stk));
	comp_stk.flags = flags;
	DUK_LEXER_INITCTX(&comp_stk.comp_ctx_alloc.lex);
	comp_stk.comp_ctx_alloc.lex.input = src_buffer;
	comp_stk.comp_ctx_alloc.lex.input_length = src_length;

	duk_push_pointer(ctx, (void *) &comp_stk);

	/* [ ... filename &comp_stk ] */

	prev_ctx = thr->compile_ctx;
	thr->compile_ctx = &comp_stk.comp_ctx_alloc;  /* for duk_error_augment.c */
	safe_rc = duk_safe_call(ctx, duk__js_compile_raw, 2 /*nargs*/, 1 /*nret*/);
	thr->compile_ctx = prev_ctx;  /* must restore reliably before returning */

	if (safe_rc != DUK_EXEC_SUCCESS) {
		duk_throw(ctx);
	}

	/* [ ... template ] */
}
/*
 *  Ecmascript bytecode executor.
 */

/* include removed: duk_internal.h */

/*
 *  Local declarations.
 */

DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__js_execute_bytecode_inner(duk_hthread *entry_thread, duk_size_t entry_callstack_top);

/*
 *  Arithmetic, binary, and logical helpers.
 *
 *  Note: there is no opcode for logical AND or logical OR; this is on
 *  purpose, because the evalution order semantics for them make such
 *  opcodes pretty pointless: short circuiting means they are most
 *  comfortably implemented as jumps.  However, a logical NOT opcode
 *  is useful.
 *
 *  Note: careful with duk_tval pointers here: they are potentially
 *  invalidated by any DECREF and almost any API call.  It's still
 *  preferable to work without making a copy but that's not always
 *  possible.
 */

DUK_LOCAL duk_double_t duk__compute_mod(duk_double_t d1, duk_double_t d2) {
	/*
	 *  Ecmascript modulus ('%') does not match IEEE 754 "remainder"
	 *  operation (implemented by remainder() in C99) but does seem
	 *  to match ANSI C fmod().
	 *
	 *  Compare E5 Section 11.5.3 and "man fmod".
	 */

	return (duk_double_t) DUK_FMOD((double) d1, (double) d2);
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__vm_arith_add(duk_hthread *thr, duk_tval *tv_x, duk_tval *tv_y, duk_small_uint_fast_t idx_z) {
	/*
	 *  Addition operator is different from other arithmetic
	 *  operations in that it also provides string concatenation.
	 *  Hence it is implemented separately.
	 *
	 *  There is a fast path for number addition.  Other cases go
	 *  through potentially multiple coercions as described in the
	 *  E5 specification.  It may be possible to reduce the number
	 *  of coercions, but this must be done carefully to preserve
	 *  the exact semantics.
	 *
	 *  E5 Section 11.6.1.
	 *
	 *  Custom types also have special behavior implemented here.
	 */

	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk_double_union du;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(ctx != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(tv_x != NULL);  /* may be reg or const */
	DUK_ASSERT(tv_y != NULL);  /* may be reg or const */
	DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(idx_z >= 0);  /* unsigned */
	DUK_ASSERT((duk_uint_t) idx_z < (duk_uint_t) duk_get_top(ctx));

	/*
	 *  Fast paths
	 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
	if (DUK_TVAL_IS_FASTINT(tv_x) && DUK_TVAL_IS_FASTINT(tv_y)) {
		duk_int64_t v1, v2, v3;
		duk_int32_t v3_hi;
		duk_tval *tv_z;

		/* Input values are signed 48-bit so we can detect overflow
		 * reliably from high bits or just a comparison.
		 */

		v1 = DUK_TVAL_GET_FASTINT(tv_x);
		v2 = DUK_TVAL_GET_FASTINT(tv_y);
		v3 = v1 + v2;
		v3_hi = (duk_int32_t) (v3 >> 32);
		if (DUK_LIKELY(v3_hi >= -0x8000LL && v3_hi <= 0x7fffLL)) {
			tv_z = thr->valstack_bottom + idx_z;
			DUK_TVAL_SET_FASTINT_UPDREF(thr, tv_z, v3);  /* side effects */
			return;
		} else {
			/* overflow, fall through */
			;
		}
	}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_FASTINT */

	if (DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv_x) && DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv_y)) {
		duk_tval *tv_z;

		du.d = DUK_TVAL_GET_NUMBER(tv_x) + DUK_TVAL_GET_NUMBER(tv_y);
		DUK_DBLUNION_NORMALIZE_NAN_CHECK(&du);
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_DBLUNION_IS_NORMALIZED(&du));

		tv_z = thr->valstack_bottom + idx_z;
		DUK_TVAL_SET_NUMBER_UPDREF(thr, tv_z, du.d);  /* side effects */
		return;
	}

	/*
	 *  Slow path: potentially requires function calls for coercion
	 */

	duk_push_tval(ctx, tv_x);
	duk_push_tval(ctx, tv_y);
	duk_to_primitive(ctx, -2, DUK_HINT_NONE);  /* side effects -> don't use tv_x, tv_y after */
	duk_to_primitive(ctx, -1, DUK_HINT_NONE);

	/* As a first approximation, buffer values are coerced to strings
	 * for addition.  This means that adding two buffers currently
	 * results in a string.
	 */
	if (duk_check_type_mask(ctx, -2, DUK_TYPE_MASK_STRING | DUK_TYPE_MASK_BUFFER) ||
	    duk_check_type_mask(ctx, -1, DUK_TYPE_MASK_STRING | DUK_TYPE_MASK_BUFFER)) {
		duk_to_string(ctx, -2);
		duk_to_string(ctx, -1);
		duk_concat(ctx, 2);  /* [... s1 s2] -> [... s1+s2] */
		duk_replace(ctx, (duk_idx_t) idx_z);  /* side effects */
	} else {
		duk_double_t d1, d2;

		d1 = duk_to_number(ctx, -2);
		d2 = duk_to_number(ctx, -1);
		DUK_ASSERT(duk_is_number(ctx, -2));
		DUK_ASSERT(duk_is_number(ctx, -1));
		DUK_ASSERT_DOUBLE_IS_NORMALIZED(d1);
		DUK_ASSERT_DOUBLE_IS_NORMALIZED(d2);

		du.d = d1 + d2;
		DUK_DBLUNION_NORMALIZE_NAN_CHECK(&du);
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_DBLUNION_IS_NORMALIZED(&du));

		duk_pop_2(ctx);
		duk_push_number(ctx, du.d);
		duk_replace(ctx, (duk_idx_t) idx_z);  /* side effects */
	}
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__vm_arith_binary_op(duk_hthread *thr, duk_tval *tv_x, duk_tval *tv_y, duk_idx_t idx_z, duk_small_uint_fast_t opcode) {
	/*
	 *  Arithmetic operations other than '+' have number-only semantics
	 *  and are implemented here.  The separate switch-case here means a
	 *  "double dispatch" of the arithmetic opcode, but saves code space.
	 *
	 *  E5 Sections 11.5, 11.5.1, 11.5.2, 11.5.3, 11.6, 11.6.1, 11.6.2, 11.6.3.
	 */

	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk_tval *tv_z;
	duk_double_t d1, d2;
	duk_double_union du;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(ctx != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(tv_x != NULL);  /* may be reg or const */
	DUK_ASSERT(tv_y != NULL);  /* may be reg or const */
	DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(idx_z >= 0);  /* unsigned */
	DUK_ASSERT((duk_uint_t) idx_z < (duk_uint_t) duk_get_top(ctx));

#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
	if (DUK_TVAL_IS_FASTINT(tv_x) && DUK_TVAL_IS_FASTINT(tv_y)) {
		duk_int64_t v1, v2, v3;
		duk_int32_t v3_hi;

		v1 = DUK_TVAL_GET_FASTINT(tv_x);
		v2 = DUK_TVAL_GET_FASTINT(tv_y);

		switch (opcode) {
		case DUK_OP_SUB: {
			v3 = v1 - v2;
			break;
		}
		case DUK_OP_MUL: {
			/* Must ensure result is 64-bit (no overflow); a
			 * simple and sufficient fast path is to allow only
			 * 32-bit inputs.  Avoid zero inputs to avoid
			 * negative zero issues (-1 * 0 = -0, for instance).
			 */
			if (v1 >= -0x80000000LL && v1 <= 0x7fffffffLL && v1 != 0 &&
			    v2 >= -0x80000000LL && v2 <= 0x7fffffffLL && v2 != 0) {
				v3 = v1 * v2;
			} else {
				goto skip_fastint;
			}
			break;
		}
		case DUK_OP_DIV: {
			/* Don't allow a zero divisor.  Fast path check by
			 * "verifying" with multiplication.  Also avoid zero
			 * dividend to avoid negative zero issues (0 / -1 = -0
			 * for instance).
			 */
			if (v1 == 0 || v2 == 0) {
				goto skip_fastint;
			}
			v3 = v1 / v2;
			if (v3 * v2 != v1) {
				goto skip_fastint;
			}
			break;
		}
		case DUK_OP_MOD: {
			/* Don't allow a zero divisor.  Restrict both v1 and
			 * v2 to positive values to avoid compiler specific
			 * behavior.
			 */
			if (v1 < 1 || v2 < 1) {
				goto skip_fastint;
			}
			v3 = v1 % v2;
			DUK_ASSERT(v3 >= 0);
			DUK_ASSERT(v3 < v2);
			DUK_ASSERT(v1 - (v1 / v2) * v2 == v3);
			break;
		}
		default: {
			DUK_UNREACHABLE();
			goto skip_fastint;
		}
		}

		v3_hi = (duk_int32_t) (v3 >> 32);
		if (DUK_LIKELY(v3_hi >= -0x8000LL && v3_hi <= 0x7fffLL)) {
			tv_z = thr->valstack_bottom + idx_z;
			DUK_TVAL_SET_FASTINT_UPDREF(thr, tv_z, v3);  /* side effects */
			return;
		}
		/* fall through if overflow etc */
	}
 skip_fastint:
#endif  /* DUK_USE_FASTINT */

	if (DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv_x) && DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv_y)) {
		/* fast path */
		d1 = DUK_TVAL_GET_NUMBER(tv_x);
		d2 = DUK_TVAL_GET_NUMBER(tv_y);
	} else {
		duk_push_tval(ctx, tv_x);
		duk_push_tval(ctx, tv_y);
		d1 = duk_to_number(ctx, -2);  /* side effects */
		d2 = duk_to_number(ctx, -1);
		DUK_ASSERT(duk_is_number(ctx, -2));
		DUK_ASSERT(duk_is_number(ctx, -1));
		DUK_ASSERT_DOUBLE_IS_NORMALIZED(d1);
		DUK_ASSERT_DOUBLE_IS_NORMALIZED(d2);
		duk_pop_2(ctx);
	}

	switch (opcode) {
	case DUK_OP_SUB: {
		du.d = d1 - d2;
		break;
	}
	case DUK_OP_MUL: {
		du.d = d1 * d2;
		break;
	}
	case DUK_OP_DIV: {
		du.d = d1 / d2;
		break;
	}
	case DUK_OP_MOD: {
		du.d = duk__compute_mod(d1, d2);
		break;
	}
	default: {
		DUK_UNREACHABLE();
		du.d = DUK_DOUBLE_NAN;  /* should not happen */
		break;
	}
	}

	/* important to use normalized NaN with 8-byte tagged types */
	DUK_DBLUNION_NORMALIZE_NAN_CHECK(&du);
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_DBLUNION_IS_NORMALIZED(&du));

	tv_z = thr->valstack_bottom + idx_z;
	DUK_TVAL_SET_NUMBER_UPDREF(thr, tv_z, du.d);  /* side effects */
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__vm_bitwise_binary_op(duk_hthread *thr, duk_tval *tv_x, duk_tval *tv_y, duk_small_uint_fast_t idx_z, duk_small_uint_fast_t opcode) {
	/*
	 *  Binary bitwise operations use different coercions (ToInt32, ToUint32)
	 *  depending on the operation.  We coerce the arguments first using
	 *  ToInt32(), and then cast to an 32-bit value if necessary.  Note that
	 *  such casts must be correct even if there is no native 32-bit type
	 *  (e.g., duk_int32_t and duk_uint32_t are 64-bit).
	 *
	 *  E5 Sections 11.10, 11.7.1, 11.7.2, 11.7.3
	 */

	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk_tval *tv_z;
	duk_int32_t i1, i2, i3;
	duk_uint32_t u1, u2, u3;
#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
	duk_int64_t fi3;
#else
	duk_double_t d3;
#endif

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(ctx != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(tv_x != NULL);  /* may be reg or const */
	DUK_ASSERT(tv_y != NULL);  /* may be reg or const */
	DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(idx_z >= 0);  /* unsigned */
	DUK_ASSERT((duk_uint_t) idx_z < (duk_uint_t) duk_get_top(ctx));

#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
	if (DUK_TVAL_IS_FASTINT(tv_x) && DUK_TVAL_IS_FASTINT(tv_y)) {
		i1 = (duk_int32_t) DUK_TVAL_GET_FASTINT_I32(tv_x);
		i2 = (duk_int32_t) DUK_TVAL_GET_FASTINT_I32(tv_y);
	}
	else
#endif  /* DUK_USE_FASTINT */
	{
		duk_push_tval(ctx, tv_x);
		duk_push_tval(ctx, tv_y);
		i1 = duk_to_int32(ctx, -2);
		i2 = duk_to_int32(ctx, -1);
		duk_pop_2(ctx);
	}

	switch (opcode) {
	case DUK_OP_BAND: {
		i3 = i1 & i2;
		break;
	}
	case DUK_OP_BOR: {
		i3 = i1 | i2;
		break;
	}
	case DUK_OP_BXOR: {
		i3 = i1 ^ i2;
		break;
	}
	case DUK_OP_BASL: {
		/* Signed shift, named "arithmetic" (asl) because the result
		 * is signed, e.g. 4294967295 << 1 -> -2.  Note that result
		 * must be masked.
		 */

		u2 = ((duk_uint32_t) i2) & 0xffffffffUL;
		i3 = i1 << (u2 & 0x1f);                      /* E5 Section 11.7.1, steps 7 and 8 */
		i3 = i3 & ((duk_int32_t) 0xffffffffUL);      /* Note: left shift, should mask */
		break;
	}
	case DUK_OP_BASR: {
		/* signed shift */

		u2 = ((duk_uint32_t) i2) & 0xffffffffUL;
		i3 = i1 >> (u2 & 0x1f);                      /* E5 Section 11.7.2, steps 7 and 8 */
		break;
	}
	case DUK_OP_BLSR: {
		/* unsigned shift */

		u1 = ((duk_uint32_t) i1) & 0xffffffffUL;
		u2 = ((duk_uint32_t) i2) & 0xffffffffUL;

		/* special result value handling */
		u3 = u1 >> (u2 & 0x1f);     /* E5 Section 11.7.2, steps 7 and 8 */
#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
		fi3 = (duk_int64_t) u3;
		goto fastint_result_set;
#else
		d3 = (duk_double_t) u3;
		goto result_set;
#endif
	}
	default: {
		DUK_UNREACHABLE();
		i3 = 0;  /* should not happen */
		break;
	}
	}

#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
	/* Result is always fastint compatible. */
	/* XXX: Set 32-bit result (but must then handle signed and
	 * unsigned results separately).
	 */
	fi3 = (duk_int64_t) i3;

 fastint_result_set:
	tv_z = thr->valstack_bottom + idx_z;
	DUK_TVAL_SET_FASTINT_UPDREF(thr, tv_z, fi3);  /* side effects */
#else
	d3 = (duk_double_t) i3;

 result_set:
	DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_ISNAN(d3));            /* 'd3' is never NaN, so no need to normalize */
	DUK_ASSERT_DOUBLE_IS_NORMALIZED(d3);   /* always normalized */

	tv_z = thr->valstack_bottom + idx_z;
	DUK_TVAL_SET_NUMBER_UPDREF(thr, tv_z, d3);  /* side effects */
#endif
}

/* In-place unary operation. */
DUK_LOCAL void duk__vm_arith_unary_op(duk_hthread *thr, duk_tval *tv_x, duk_idx_t idx_x, duk_small_uint_fast_t opcode) {
	/*
	 *  Arithmetic operations other than '+' have number-only semantics
	 *  and are implemented here.  The separate switch-case here means a
	 *  "double dispatch" of the arithmetic opcode, but saves code space.
	 *
	 *  E5 Sections 11.5, 11.5.1, 11.5.2, 11.5.3, 11.6, 11.6.1, 11.6.2, 11.6.3.
	 */

	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk_double_t d1;
	duk_double_union du;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(ctx != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(opcode == DUK_EXTRAOP_UNM || opcode == DUK_EXTRAOP_UNP);
	DUK_ASSERT(tv_x != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(idx_x >= 0);

#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
	if (DUK_TVAL_IS_FASTINT(tv_x)) {
		duk_int64_t v1, v2;

		v1 = DUK_TVAL_GET_FASTINT(tv_x);
		if (opcode == DUK_EXTRAOP_UNM) {
			/* The smallest fastint is no longer 48-bit when
			 * negated.  Positive zero becames negative zero
			 * (cannot be represented) when negated.
			 */
			if (DUK_LIKELY(v1 != DUK_FASTINT_MIN && v1 != 0)) {
				v2 = -v1;
				DUK_TVAL_SET_FASTINT(tv_x, v2);  /* no refcount changes */
				return;
			}
		} else {
			/* ToNumber() for a fastint is a no-op. */
			DUK_ASSERT(opcode == DUK_EXTRAOP_UNP);
			return;
		}
		/* fall through if overflow etc */
	}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_FASTINT */

	if (!DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv_x)) {
		duk_to_number(ctx, idx_x);  /* side effects, perform in-place */
		tv_x = DUK_GET_TVAL_POSIDX(ctx, idx_x);
		DUK_ASSERT(tv_x != NULL);
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv_x));
	}

	d1 = DUK_TVAL_GET_NUMBER(tv_x);
	if (opcode == DUK_EXTRAOP_UNM) {
		du.d = -d1;
	} else {
		/* ToNumber() for a double is a no-op. */
		DUK_ASSERT(opcode == DUK_EXTRAOP_UNP);
		du.d = d1;
	}
	DUK_DBLUNION_NORMALIZE_NAN_CHECK(&du);  /* mandatory if du.d is a NaN */

	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_DBLUNION_IS_NORMALIZED(&du));

#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
	/* Unary plus is used to force a fastint check, so must include
	 * downgrade check.
	 */
	DUK_TVAL_SET_NUMBER_CHKFAST(tv_x, du.d);  /* no refcount changes */
#else
	DUK_TVAL_SET_NUMBER(tv_x, du.d);  /* no refcount changes */
#endif
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__vm_bitwise_not(duk_hthread *thr, duk_tval *tv_x, duk_uint_fast_t idx_z) {
	/*
	 *  E5 Section 11.4.8
	 */

	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk_tval *tv_z;
	duk_int32_t i1, i2;
#if !defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
	duk_double_t d2;
#endif

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(ctx != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(tv_x != NULL);  /* may be reg or const */
	DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(idx_z >= 0);
	DUK_ASSERT((duk_uint_t) idx_z < (duk_uint_t) duk_get_top(ctx));

#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
	if (DUK_TVAL_IS_FASTINT(tv_x)) {
		i1 = (duk_int32_t) DUK_TVAL_GET_FASTINT_I32(tv_x);
	}
	else
#endif  /* DUK_USE_FASTINT */
	{
		duk_push_tval(ctx, tv_x);
		i1 = duk_to_int32(ctx, -1);
		duk_pop(ctx);
	}

	i2 = ~i1;

#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
	/* Result is always fastint compatible. */
	tv_z = thr->valstack_bottom + idx_z;
	DUK_TVAL_SET_FASTINT_I32_UPDREF(thr, tv_z, i2);  /* side effects */
#else
	d2 = (duk_double_t) i2;

	DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_ISNAN(d2));            /* 'val' is never NaN, so no need to normalize */
	DUK_ASSERT_DOUBLE_IS_NORMALIZED(d2);   /* always normalized */

	tv_z = thr->valstack_bottom + idx_z;
	DUK_TVAL_SET_NUMBER_UPDREF(thr, tv_z, d2);  /* side effects */
#endif
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__vm_logical_not(duk_hthread *thr, duk_tval *tv_x, duk_tval *tv_z) {
	/*
	 *  E5 Section 11.4.9
	 */

	duk_bool_t res;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(tv_x != NULL);  /* may be reg or const */
	DUK_ASSERT(tv_z != NULL);  /* reg */

	DUK_UNREF(thr);  /* w/o refcounts */

	/* ToBoolean() does not require any operations with side effects so
	 * we can do it efficiently.  For footprint it would be better to use
	 * duk_js_toboolean() and then push+replace to the result slot.
	 */
	res = duk_js_toboolean(tv_x);  /* does not modify tv_x */
	DUK_ASSERT(res == 0 || res == 1);
	res ^= 1;
	DUK_TVAL_SET_BOOLEAN_UPDREF(thr, tv_z, res);  /* side effects */
}

/*
 *  Longjmp and other control flow transfer for the bytecode executor.
 *
 *  The longjmp handler can handle all longjmp types: error, yield, and
 *  resume (pseudotypes are never actually thrown).
 *
 *  Error policy for longjmp: should not ordinarily throw errors; if errors
 *  occur (e.g. due to out-of-memory) they bubble outwards rather than being
 *  handled recursively.
 */

#define DUK__LONGJMP_RESTART   0  /* state updated, restart bytecode execution */
#define DUK__LONGJMP_RETHROW   1  /* exit bytecode executor by rethrowing an error to caller */

#define DUK__RETHAND_RESTART   0  /* state updated, restart bytecode execution */
#define DUK__RETHAND_FINISHED  1  /* exit bytecode execution with return value */

/* XXX: optimize reconfig valstack operations so that resize, clamp, and setting
 * top are combined into one pass.
 */

/* Reconfigure value stack for return to an Ecmascript function at 'act_idx'. */
DUK_LOCAL void duk__reconfig_valstack_ecma_return(duk_hthread *thr, duk_size_t act_idx) {
	duk_activation *act;
	duk_hcompiledfunction *h_func;
	duk_idx_t clamp_top;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(act_idx >= 0);  /* unsigned */
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_ACT_GET_FUNC(thr->callstack + act_idx) != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_IS_COMPILEDFUNCTION(DUK_ACT_GET_FUNC(thr->callstack + act_idx)));
	DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(thr->callstack[act_idx].idx_retval >= 0);  /* unsigned */

	/* Clamp so that values at 'clamp_top' and above are wiped and won't
	 * retain reachable garbage.  Then extend to 'nregs' because we're
	 * returning to an Ecmascript function.
	 */

	act = thr->callstack + act_idx;
	h_func = (duk_hcompiledfunction *) DUK_ACT_GET_FUNC(act);

	thr->valstack_bottom = thr->valstack + act->idx_bottom;
	DUK_ASSERT(act->idx_retval >= act->idx_bottom);
	clamp_top = (duk_idx_t) (act->idx_retval - act->idx_bottom + 1);  /* +1 = one retval */
	duk_set_top((duk_context *) thr, clamp_top);
	act = NULL;

	(void) duk_valstack_resize_raw((duk_context *) thr,
	                               (thr->valstack_bottom - thr->valstack) +  /* bottom of current func */
	                                   h_func->nregs +                       /* reg count */
	                                   DUK_VALSTACK_INTERNAL_EXTRA,          /* + spare */
	                               DUK_VSRESIZE_FLAG_SHRINK |                /* flags */
	                               0 /* no compact */ |
	                               DUK_VSRESIZE_FLAG_THROW);

	duk_set_top((duk_context *) thr, h_func->nregs);
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__reconfig_valstack_ecma_catcher(duk_hthread *thr, duk_size_t act_idx, duk_size_t cat_idx) {
	duk_activation *act;
	duk_catcher *cat;
	duk_hcompiledfunction *h_func;
	duk_idx_t clamp_top;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(act_idx >= 0);  /* unsigned */
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_ACT_GET_FUNC(thr->callstack + act_idx) != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_IS_COMPILEDFUNCTION(DUK_ACT_GET_FUNC(thr->callstack + act_idx)));
	DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(thr->callstack[act_idx].idx_retval >= 0);  /* unsigned */

	act = thr->callstack + act_idx;
	cat = thr->catchstack + cat_idx;
	h_func = (duk_hcompiledfunction *) DUK_ACT_GET_FUNC(act);

	thr->valstack_bottom = thr->valstack + act->idx_bottom;
	DUK_ASSERT(cat->idx_base >= act->idx_bottom);
	clamp_top = (duk_idx_t) (cat->idx_base - act->idx_bottom + 2);  /* +2 = catcher value, catcher lj_type */
	duk_set_top((duk_context *) thr, clamp_top);
	act = NULL;
	cat = NULL;

	(void) duk_valstack_resize_raw((duk_context *) thr,
	                               (thr->valstack_bottom - thr->valstack) +  /* bottom of current func */
	                                   h_func->nregs +                       /* reg count */
	                                   DUK_VALSTACK_INTERNAL_EXTRA,          /* + spare */
	                               DUK_VSRESIZE_FLAG_SHRINK |                /* flags */
	                               0 /* no compact */ |
	                               DUK_VSRESIZE_FLAG_THROW);

	duk_set_top((duk_context *) thr, h_func->nregs);
}

/* Set catcher regs: idx_base+0 = value, idx_base+1 = lj_type. */
DUK_LOCAL void duk__set_catcher_regs(duk_hthread *thr, duk_size_t cat_idx, duk_tval *tv_val_unstable, duk_small_uint_t lj_type) {
	duk_tval *tv1;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(tv_val_unstable != NULL);

	tv1 = thr->valstack + thr->catchstack[cat_idx].idx_base;
	DUK_ASSERT(tv1 < thr->valstack_top);
	DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL_UPDREF(thr, tv1, tv_val_unstable);  /* side effects */

	tv1 = thr->valstack + thr->catchstack[cat_idx].idx_base + 1;
	DUK_ASSERT(tv1 < thr->valstack_top);

	DUK_TVAL_SET_FASTINT_U32_UPDREF(thr, tv1, (duk_uint32_t) lj_type);  /* side effects */
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__handle_catch(duk_hthread *thr, duk_size_t cat_idx, duk_tval *tv_val_unstable, duk_small_uint_t lj_type) {
	duk_context *ctx;
	duk_activation *act;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(tv_val_unstable != NULL);
	ctx = (duk_context *) thr;

	duk__set_catcher_regs(thr, cat_idx, tv_val_unstable, lj_type);

	duk_hthread_catchstack_unwind(thr, cat_idx + 1);
	duk_hthread_callstack_unwind(thr, thr->catchstack[cat_idx].callstack_index + 1);

	DUK_ASSERT(thr->callstack_top >= 1);
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_ACT_GET_FUNC(thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top - 1) != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_IS_COMPILEDFUNCTION(DUK_ACT_GET_FUNC(thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top - 1)));

	duk__reconfig_valstack_ecma_catcher(thr, thr->callstack_top - 1, cat_idx);

	DUK_ASSERT(thr->callstack_top >= 1);
	act = thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top - 1;
	act->curr_pc = thr->catchstack[cat_idx].pc_base + 0;  /* +0 = catch */
	act = NULL;

	/*
	 *  If entering a 'catch' block which requires an automatic
	 *  catch variable binding, create the lexical environment.
	 *
	 *  The binding is mutable (= writable) but not deletable.
	 *  Step 4 for the catch production in E5 Section 12.14;
	 *  no value is given for CreateMutableBinding 'D' argument,
	 *  which implies the binding is not deletable.
	 */

	if (DUK_CAT_HAS_CATCH_BINDING_ENABLED(&thr->catchstack[cat_idx])) {
		duk_hobject *new_env;
		duk_hobject *act_lex_env;

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("catcher has an automatic catch binding"));

		/* Note: 'act' is dangerous here because it may get invalidate at many
		 * points, so we re-lookup it multiple times.
		 */
		DUK_ASSERT(thr->callstack_top >= 1);
		act = thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top - 1;

		if (act->lex_env == NULL) {
			DUK_ASSERT(act->var_env == NULL);
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("delayed environment initialization"));

			/* this may have side effects, so re-lookup act */
			duk_js_init_activation_environment_records_delayed(thr, act);
			act = thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top - 1;
		}
		DUK_ASSERT(act->lex_env != NULL);
		DUK_ASSERT(act->var_env != NULL);
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_ACT_GET_FUNC(act) != NULL);
		DUK_UNREF(act);  /* unreferenced without assertions */

		act = thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top - 1;
		act_lex_env = act->lex_env;
		act = NULL;  /* invalidated */

		(void) duk_push_object_helper_proto(ctx,
		                                    DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXTENSIBLE |
		                                    DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_AS_FLAGS(DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_DECENV),
		                                    act_lex_env);
		new_env = DUK_GET_HOBJECT_NEGIDX(ctx, -1);
		DUK_ASSERT(new_env != NULL);
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("new_env allocated: %!iO", (duk_heaphdr *) new_env));

		/* Note: currently the catch binding is handled without a register
		 * binding because we don't support dynamic register bindings (they
		 * must be fixed for an entire function).  So, there is no need to
		 * record regbases etc.
		 */

		DUK_ASSERT(thr->catchstack[cat_idx].h_varname != NULL);
		duk_push_hstring(ctx, thr->catchstack[cat_idx].h_varname);
		duk_push_tval(ctx, thr->valstack + thr->catchstack[cat_idx].idx_base);
		duk_xdef_prop(ctx, -3, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_W);  /* writable, not configurable */

		act = thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top - 1;
		act->lex_env = new_env;
		DUK_HOBJECT_INCREF(thr, new_env);  /* reachable through activation */

		DUK_CAT_SET_LEXENV_ACTIVE(&thr->catchstack[cat_idx]);

		duk_pop(ctx);

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("new_env finished: %!iO", (duk_heaphdr *) new_env));
	}

	DUK_CAT_CLEAR_CATCH_ENABLED(&thr->catchstack[cat_idx]);
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__handle_finally(duk_hthread *thr, duk_size_t cat_idx, duk_tval *tv_val_unstable, duk_small_uint_t lj_type) {
	duk_activation *act;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(tv_val_unstable != NULL);

	duk__set_catcher_regs(thr, cat_idx, tv_val_unstable, lj_type);

	duk_hthread_catchstack_unwind(thr, cat_idx + 1);  /* cat_idx catcher is kept, even for finally */
	duk_hthread_callstack_unwind(thr, thr->catchstack[cat_idx].callstack_index + 1);

	DUK_ASSERT(thr->callstack_top >= 1);
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_ACT_GET_FUNC(thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top - 1) != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_IS_COMPILEDFUNCTION(DUK_ACT_GET_FUNC(thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top - 1)));

	duk__reconfig_valstack_ecma_catcher(thr, thr->callstack_top - 1, cat_idx);

	DUK_ASSERT(thr->callstack_top >= 1);
	act = thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top - 1;
	act->curr_pc = thr->catchstack[cat_idx].pc_base + 1;  /* +1 = finally */
	act = NULL;

	DUK_CAT_CLEAR_FINALLY_ENABLED(&thr->catchstack[cat_idx]);
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__handle_label(duk_hthread *thr, duk_size_t cat_idx, duk_small_uint_t lj_type) {
	duk_activation *act;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);

	DUK_ASSERT(thr->callstack_top >= 1);
	act = thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top - 1;

	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_ACT_GET_FUNC(act) != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_COMPILEDFUNCTION(DUK_ACT_GET_FUNC(act)));

	/* +0 = break, +1 = continue */
	act->curr_pc = thr->catchstack[cat_idx].pc_base + (lj_type == DUK_LJ_TYPE_CONTINUE ? 1 : 0);
	act = NULL;  /* invalidated */

	duk_hthread_catchstack_unwind(thr, cat_idx + 1);  /* keep label catcher */
	/* no need to unwind callstack */

	/* valstack should not need changes */
#if defined(DUK_USE_ASSERTIONS)
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->callstack_top >= 1);
	act = thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top - 1;
	DUK_ASSERT((duk_size_t) (thr->valstack_top - thr->valstack_bottom) ==
	           (duk_size_t) ((duk_hcompiledfunction *) DUK_ACT_GET_FUNC(act))->nregs);
#endif
}

/* Called for handling both a longjmp() with type DUK_LJ_TYPE_YIELD and
 * when a RETURN opcode terminates a thread and yields to the resumer.
 */
DUK_LOCAL void duk__handle_yield(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hthread *resumer, duk_size_t act_idx, duk_tval *tv_val_unstable) {
	duk_tval *tv1;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(resumer != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(tv_val_unstable != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_ACT_GET_FUNC(resumer->callstack + act_idx) != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_IS_COMPILEDFUNCTION(DUK_ACT_GET_FUNC(resumer->callstack + act_idx)));  /* resume caller must be an ecmascript func */

	tv1 = resumer->valstack + resumer->callstack[act_idx].idx_retval;  /* return value from Duktape.Thread.resume() */
	DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL_UPDREF(thr, tv1, tv_val_unstable);  /* side effects */

	duk_hthread_callstack_unwind(resumer, act_idx + 1);  /* unwind to 'resume' caller */

	/* no need to unwind catchstack */
	duk__reconfig_valstack_ecma_return(resumer, act_idx);

	/* caller must change active thread, and set thr->resumer to NULL */
}

DUK_LOCAL
duk_small_uint_t duk__handle_longjmp(duk_hthread *thr,
                                     duk_hthread *entry_thread,
                                     duk_size_t entry_callstack_top) {
	duk_size_t entry_callstack_index;
	duk_small_uint_t retval = DUK__LONGJMP_RESTART;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(entry_thread != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(entry_callstack_top > 0);  /* guarantees entry_callstack_top - 1 >= 0 */

	entry_callstack_index = entry_callstack_top - 1;

	/* 'thr' is the current thread, as no-one resumes except us and we
	 * switch 'thr' in that case.
	 */
	DUK_ASSERT(thr == thr->heap->curr_thread);

	/*
	 *  (Re)try handling the longjmp.
	 *
	 *  A longjmp handler may convert the longjmp to a different type and
	 *  "virtually" rethrow by goto'ing to 'check_longjmp'.  Before the goto,
	 *  the following must be updated:
	 *    - the heap 'lj' state
	 *    - 'thr' must reflect the "throwing" thread
	 */

 check_longjmp:

	DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("handling longjmp: type=%ld, value1=%!T, value2=%!T, iserror=%ld",
	                   (long) thr->heap->lj.type,
	                   (duk_tval *) &thr->heap->lj.value1,
	                   (duk_tval *) &thr->heap->lj.value2,
	                   (long) thr->heap->lj.iserror));

	switch (thr->heap->lj.type) {

	case DUK_LJ_TYPE_RESUME: {
		/*
		 *  Note: lj.value1 is 'value', lj.value2 is 'resumee'.
		 *  This differs from YIELD.
		 */

		duk_tval *tv;
		duk_tval *tv2;
		duk_size_t act_idx;
		duk_hthread *resumee;

		/* duk_bi_duk_object_yield() and duk_bi_duk_object_resume() ensure all of these are met */

		DUK_ASSERT(thr->state == DUK_HTHREAD_STATE_RUNNING);                                                         /* unchanged by Duktape.Thread.resume() */
		DUK_ASSERT(thr->callstack_top >= 2);                                                                         /* Ecmascript activation + Duktape.Thread.resume() activation */
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_ACT_GET_FUNC(thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top - 1) != NULL &&
		           DUK_HOBJECT_IS_NATIVEFUNCTION(DUK_ACT_GET_FUNC(thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top - 1)) &&
		           ((duk_hnativefunction *) DUK_ACT_GET_FUNC(thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top - 1))->func == duk_bi_thread_resume);
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_ACT_GET_FUNC(thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top - 2) != NULL &&
		           DUK_HOBJECT_IS_COMPILEDFUNCTION(DUK_ACT_GET_FUNC(thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top - 2)));      /* an Ecmascript function */
		DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE((thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top - 2)->idx_retval >= 0);                              /* unsigned */

		tv = &thr->heap->lj.value2;  /* resumee */
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_OBJECT(tv));
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_GET_OBJECT(tv) != NULL);
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_IS_THREAD(DUK_TVAL_GET_OBJECT(tv)));
		resumee = (duk_hthread *) DUK_TVAL_GET_OBJECT(tv);

		DUK_ASSERT(resumee != NULL);
		DUK_ASSERT(resumee->resumer == NULL);
		DUK_ASSERT(resumee->state == DUK_HTHREAD_STATE_INACTIVE ||
		           resumee->state == DUK_HTHREAD_STATE_YIELDED);                                                     /* checked by Duktape.Thread.resume() */
		DUK_ASSERT(resumee->state != DUK_HTHREAD_STATE_YIELDED ||
		           resumee->callstack_top >= 2);                                                                     /* YIELDED: Ecmascript activation + Duktape.Thread.yield() activation */
		DUK_ASSERT(resumee->state != DUK_HTHREAD_STATE_YIELDED ||
		           (DUK_ACT_GET_FUNC(resumee->callstack + resumee->callstack_top - 1) != NULL &&
		            DUK_HOBJECT_IS_NATIVEFUNCTION(DUK_ACT_GET_FUNC(resumee->callstack + resumee->callstack_top - 1)) &&
		            ((duk_hnativefunction *) DUK_ACT_GET_FUNC(resumee->callstack + resumee->callstack_top - 1))->func == duk_bi_thread_yield));
		DUK_ASSERT(resumee->state != DUK_HTHREAD_STATE_YIELDED ||
		           (DUK_ACT_GET_FUNC(resumee->callstack + resumee->callstack_top - 2) != NULL &&
		            DUK_HOBJECT_IS_COMPILEDFUNCTION(DUK_ACT_GET_FUNC(resumee->callstack + resumee->callstack_top - 2))));      /* an Ecmascript function */
		DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(resumee->state != DUK_HTHREAD_STATE_YIELDED ||
		           (resumee->callstack + resumee->callstack_top - 2)->idx_retval >= 0);                              /* idx_retval unsigned */
		DUK_ASSERT(resumee->state != DUK_HTHREAD_STATE_INACTIVE ||
		           resumee->callstack_top == 0);                                                                     /* INACTIVE: no activation, single function value on valstack */
		DUK_ASSERT(resumee->state != DUK_HTHREAD_STATE_INACTIVE ||
		           (resumee->valstack_top == resumee->valstack + 1 &&
		            DUK_TVAL_IS_OBJECT(resumee->valstack_top - 1) &&
		            DUK_HOBJECT_IS_COMPILEDFUNCTION(DUK_TVAL_GET_OBJECT(resumee->valstack_top - 1))));

		if (thr->heap->lj.iserror) {
			/*
			 *  Throw the error in the resumed thread's context; the
			 *  error value is pushed onto the resumee valstack.
			 *
			 *  Note: the callstack of the target may empty in this case
			 *  too (i.e. the target thread has never been resumed).  The
			 *  value stack will contain the initial function in that case,
			 *  which we simply ignore.
			 */

			resumee->resumer = thr;
			resumee->state = DUK_HTHREAD_STATE_RUNNING;
			thr->state = DUK_HTHREAD_STATE_RESUMED;
			DUK_HEAP_SWITCH_THREAD(thr->heap, resumee);
			thr = resumee;

			thr->heap->lj.type = DUK_LJ_TYPE_THROW;

			/* thr->heap->lj.value1 is already the value to throw */
			/* thr->heap->lj.value2 is 'thread', will be wiped out at the end */

			DUK_ASSERT(thr->heap->lj.iserror);  /* already set */

			DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("-> resume with an error, converted to a throw in the resumee, propagate"));
			goto check_longjmp;
		} else if (resumee->state == DUK_HTHREAD_STATE_YIELDED) {
			act_idx = resumee->callstack_top - 2;  /* Ecmascript function */
			DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(resumee->callstack[act_idx].idx_retval >= 0);  /* unsigned */

			tv = resumee->valstack + resumee->callstack[act_idx].idx_retval;  /* return value from Duktape.Thread.yield() */
			DUK_ASSERT(tv >= resumee->valstack && tv < resumee->valstack_top);
			tv2 = &thr->heap->lj.value1;
			DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL_UPDREF(thr, tv, tv2);  /* side effects */

			duk_hthread_callstack_unwind(resumee, act_idx + 1);  /* unwind to 'yield' caller */

			/* no need to unwind catchstack */

			duk__reconfig_valstack_ecma_return(resumee, act_idx);

			resumee->resumer = thr;
			resumee->state = DUK_HTHREAD_STATE_RUNNING;
			thr->state = DUK_HTHREAD_STATE_RESUMED;
			DUK_HEAP_SWITCH_THREAD(thr->heap, resumee);
#if 0
			thr = resumee;  /* not needed, as we exit right away */
#endif
			DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("-> resume with a value, restart execution in resumee"));
			retval = DUK__LONGJMP_RESTART;
			goto wipe_and_return;
		} else {
			duk_small_uint_t call_flags;
			duk_bool_t setup_rc;

			/* resumee: [... initial_func]  (currently actually: [initial_func]) */

			duk_push_undefined((duk_context *) resumee);
			tv = &thr->heap->lj.value1;
			duk_push_tval((duk_context *) resumee, tv);

			/* resumee: [... initial_func undefined(= this) resume_value ] */

			call_flags = DUK_CALL_FLAG_IS_RESUME;  /* is resume, not a tail call */

			setup_rc = duk_handle_ecma_call_setup(resumee,
			                                      1,              /* num_stack_args */
			                                      call_flags);    /* call_flags */
			if (setup_rc == 0) {
				/* Shouldn't happen but check anyway. */
				DUK_ERROR_INTERNAL_DEFMSG(thr);
			}

			resumee->resumer = thr;
			resumee->state = DUK_HTHREAD_STATE_RUNNING;
			thr->state = DUK_HTHREAD_STATE_RESUMED;
			DUK_HEAP_SWITCH_THREAD(thr->heap, resumee);
#if 0
			thr = resumee;  /* not needed, as we exit right away */
#endif
			DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("-> resume with a value, restart execution in resumee"));
			retval = DUK__LONGJMP_RESTART;
			goto wipe_and_return;
		}
		DUK_UNREACHABLE();
		break;  /* never here */
	}

	case DUK_LJ_TYPE_YIELD: {
		/*
		 *  Currently only allowed only if yielding thread has only
		 *  Ecmascript activations (except for the Duktape.Thread.yield()
		 *  call at the callstack top) and none of them constructor
		 *  calls.
		 *
		 *  This excludes the 'entry' thread which will always have
		 *  a preventcount > 0.
		 */

		duk_hthread *resumer;

		/* duk_bi_duk_object_yield() and duk_bi_duk_object_resume() ensure all of these are met */

		DUK_ASSERT(thr != entry_thread);                                                                             /* Duktape.Thread.yield() should prevent */
		DUK_ASSERT(thr->state == DUK_HTHREAD_STATE_RUNNING);                                                         /* unchanged from Duktape.Thread.yield() */
		DUK_ASSERT(thr->callstack_top >= 2);                                                                         /* Ecmascript activation + Duktape.Thread.yield() activation */
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_ACT_GET_FUNC(thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top - 1) != NULL &&
		           DUK_HOBJECT_IS_NATIVEFUNCTION(DUK_ACT_GET_FUNC(thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top - 1)) &&
		           ((duk_hnativefunction *) DUK_ACT_GET_FUNC(thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top - 1))->func == duk_bi_thread_yield);
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_ACT_GET_FUNC(thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top - 2) != NULL &&
		           DUK_HOBJECT_IS_COMPILEDFUNCTION(DUK_ACT_GET_FUNC(thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top - 2)));      /* an Ecmascript function */
		DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE((thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top - 2)->idx_retval >= 0);                              /* unsigned */

		resumer = thr->resumer;

		DUK_ASSERT(resumer != NULL);
		DUK_ASSERT(resumer->state == DUK_HTHREAD_STATE_RESUMED);                                                     /* written by a previous RESUME handling */
		DUK_ASSERT(resumer->callstack_top >= 2);                                                                     /* Ecmascript activation + Duktape.Thread.resume() activation */
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_ACT_GET_FUNC(resumer->callstack + resumer->callstack_top - 1) != NULL &&
		           DUK_HOBJECT_IS_NATIVEFUNCTION(DUK_ACT_GET_FUNC(resumer->callstack + resumer->callstack_top - 1)) &&
		           ((duk_hnativefunction *) DUK_ACT_GET_FUNC(resumer->callstack + resumer->callstack_top - 1))->func == duk_bi_thread_resume);
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_ACT_GET_FUNC(resumer->callstack + resumer->callstack_top - 2) != NULL &&
		           DUK_HOBJECT_IS_COMPILEDFUNCTION(DUK_ACT_GET_FUNC(resumer->callstack + resumer->callstack_top - 2)));        /* an Ecmascript function */
		DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE((resumer->callstack + resumer->callstack_top - 2)->idx_retval >= 0);                      /* unsigned */

		if (thr->heap->lj.iserror) {
			thr->state = DUK_HTHREAD_STATE_YIELDED;
			thr->resumer = NULL;
			resumer->state = DUK_HTHREAD_STATE_RUNNING;
			DUK_HEAP_SWITCH_THREAD(thr->heap, resumer);
			thr = resumer;

			thr->heap->lj.type = DUK_LJ_TYPE_THROW;
			/* lj.value1 is already set */
			DUK_ASSERT(thr->heap->lj.iserror);  /* already set */

			DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("-> yield an error, converted to a throw in the resumer, propagate"));
			goto check_longjmp;
		} else {
			duk__handle_yield(thr, resumer, resumer->callstack_top - 2, &thr->heap->lj.value1);

			thr->state = DUK_HTHREAD_STATE_YIELDED;
			thr->resumer = NULL;
			resumer->state = DUK_HTHREAD_STATE_RUNNING;
			DUK_HEAP_SWITCH_THREAD(thr->heap, resumer);
#if 0
			thr = resumer;  /* not needed, as we exit right away */
#endif

			DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("-> yield a value, restart execution in resumer"));
			retval = DUK__LONGJMP_RESTART;
			goto wipe_and_return;
		}
		DUK_UNREACHABLE();
		break;  /* never here */
	}

	case DUK_LJ_TYPE_THROW: {
		/*
		 *  Three possible outcomes:
		 *    * A try or finally catcher is found => resume there.
		 *      (or)
		 *    * The error propagates to the bytecode executor entry
		 *      level (and we're in the entry thread) => rethrow
		 *      with a new longjmp(), after restoring the previous
		 *      catchpoint.
		 *    * The error is not caught in the current thread, so
		 *      the thread finishes with an error.  This works like
		 *      a yielded error, except that the thread is finished
		 *      and can no longer be resumed.  (There is always a
		 *      resumer in this case.)
		 *
		 *  Note: until we hit the entry level, there can only be
		 *  Ecmascript activations.
		 */

		duk_catcher *cat;
		duk_hthread *resumer;

		cat = thr->catchstack + thr->catchstack_top - 1;
		while (cat >= thr->catchstack) {
			if (thr == entry_thread &&
			    cat->callstack_index < entry_callstack_index) {
				/* entry level reached */
				break;
			}

			if (DUK_CAT_HAS_CATCH_ENABLED(cat)) {
				DUK_ASSERT(DUK_CAT_GET_TYPE(cat) == DUK_CAT_TYPE_TCF);

				duk__handle_catch(thr,
				                  cat - thr->catchstack,
				                  &thr->heap->lj.value1,
				                  DUK_LJ_TYPE_THROW);

				DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("-> throw caught by a 'catch' clause, restart execution"));
				retval = DUK__LONGJMP_RESTART;
				goto wipe_and_return;
			}

			if (DUK_CAT_HAS_FINALLY_ENABLED(cat)) {
				DUK_ASSERT(DUK_CAT_GET_TYPE(cat) == DUK_CAT_TYPE_TCF);
				DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_CAT_HAS_CATCH_ENABLED(cat));

				duk__handle_finally(thr,
				                    cat - thr->catchstack,
				                    &thr->heap->lj.value1,
				                    DUK_LJ_TYPE_THROW);

				DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("-> throw caught by a 'finally' clause, restart execution"));
				retval = DUK__LONGJMP_RESTART;
				goto wipe_and_return;
			}

			cat--;
		}

		if (thr == entry_thread) {
			/* not caught by anything before entry level; rethrow and let the
			 * final catcher unwind everything
			 */
#if 0
			duk_hthread_catchstack_unwind(thr, (cat - thr->catchstack) + 1);  /* leave 'cat' as top catcher (also works if catchstack exhausted) */
			duk_hthread_callstack_unwind(thr, entry_callstack_index + 1);

#endif
			DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("-> throw propagated up to entry level, rethrow and exit bytecode executor"));
			retval = DUK__LONGJMP_RETHROW;
			goto just_return;
			/* Note: MUST NOT wipe_and_return here, as heap->lj must remain intact */
		}

		DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("-> throw not caught by current thread, yield error to resumer and recheck longjmp"));

		/* not caught by current thread, thread terminates (yield error to resumer);
		 * note that this may cause a cascade if the resumer terminates with an uncaught
		 * exception etc (this is OK, but needs careful testing)
		 */

		DUK_ASSERT(thr->resumer != NULL);
		DUK_ASSERT(thr->resumer->callstack_top >= 2);  /* Ecmascript activation + Duktape.Thread.resume() activation */
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_ACT_GET_FUNC(thr->resumer->callstack + thr->resumer->callstack_top - 1) != NULL &&
		           DUK_HOBJECT_IS_NATIVEFUNCTION(DUK_ACT_GET_FUNC(thr->resumer->callstack + thr->resumer->callstack_top - 1)) &&
		           ((duk_hnativefunction *) DUK_ACT_GET_FUNC(thr->resumer->callstack + thr->resumer->callstack_top - 1))->func == duk_bi_thread_resume);  /* Duktape.Thread.resume() */
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_ACT_GET_FUNC(thr->resumer->callstack + thr->resumer->callstack_top - 2) != NULL &&
		           DUK_HOBJECT_IS_COMPILEDFUNCTION(DUK_ACT_GET_FUNC(thr->resumer->callstack + thr->resumer->callstack_top - 2)));  /* an Ecmascript function */

		resumer = thr->resumer;

		/* reset longjmp */

		DUK_ASSERT(thr->heap->lj.type == DUK_LJ_TYPE_THROW);  /* already set */
		/* lj.value1 already set */

		duk_hthread_terminate(thr);  /* updates thread state, minimizes its allocations */
		DUK_ASSERT(thr->state == DUK_HTHREAD_STATE_TERMINATED);

		thr->resumer = NULL;
		resumer->state = DUK_HTHREAD_STATE_RUNNING;
		DUK_HEAP_SWITCH_THREAD(thr->heap, resumer);
		thr = resumer;
		goto check_longjmp;
	}

	case DUK_LJ_TYPE_BREAK:  /* pseudotypes, not used in actual longjmps */
	case DUK_LJ_TYPE_CONTINUE:
	case DUK_LJ_TYPE_RETURN:
	case DUK_LJ_TYPE_NORMAL:
	default: {
		/* should never happen, but be robust */
		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("caught unknown longjmp type %ld, treat as internal error", (long) thr->heap->lj.type));
		goto convert_to_internal_error;
	}

	}  /* end switch */

	DUK_UNREACHABLE();

 wipe_and_return:
	/* this is not strictly necessary, but helps debugging */
	thr->heap->lj.type = DUK_LJ_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
	thr->heap->lj.iserror = 0;

	DUK_TVAL_SET_UNDEFINED_UPDREF(thr, &thr->heap->lj.value1);  /* side effects */
	DUK_TVAL_SET_UNDEFINED_UPDREF(thr, &thr->heap->lj.value2);  /* side effects */

 just_return:
	return retval;

 convert_to_internal_error:
	/* This could also be thrown internally (set the error, goto check_longjmp),
	 * but it's better for internal errors to bubble outwards so that we won't
	 * infinite loop in this catchpoint.
	 */
	DUK_ERROR_INTERNAL_DEFMSG(thr);
	DUK_UNREACHABLE();
	return retval;
}

/* Handle a BREAK/CONTINUE opcode.  Avoid using longjmp() for BREAK/CONTINUE
 * handling because it has a measurable performance impact in ordinary
 * environments and an extreme impact in Emscripten (GH-342).
 */
DUK_LOCAL void duk__handle_break_or_continue(duk_hthread *thr,
                                             duk_uint_t label_id,
                                             duk_small_uint_t lj_type) {
	duk_catcher *cat;
	duk_size_t orig_callstack_index;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);

	/*
	 *  Find a matching label catcher or 'finally' catcher in
	 *  the same function.
	 *
	 *  A label catcher must always exist and will match unless
	 *  a 'finally' captures the break/continue first.  It is the
	 *  compiler's responsibility to ensure that labels are used
	 *  correctly.
	 */

	/* Note: thr->catchstack_top may be 0, so that cat < thr->catchstack
	 * initially.  This is OK and intended.
	 */
	cat = thr->catchstack + thr->catchstack_top - 1;
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->callstack_top > 0);
	orig_callstack_index = thr->callstack_top - 1;

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("handling break/continue with label=%ld, callstack index=%ld",
	                     (long) label_id, (long) cat->callstack_index));

	while (cat >= thr->catchstack) {
		if (cat->callstack_index != orig_callstack_index) {
			break;
		}
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("considering catcher %ld: type=%ld label=%ld",
		                     (long) (cat - thr->catchstack),
		                     (long) DUK_CAT_GET_TYPE(cat),
		                     (long) DUK_CAT_GET_LABEL(cat)));

		if (DUK_CAT_GET_TYPE(cat) == DUK_CAT_TYPE_TCF &&
		    DUK_CAT_HAS_FINALLY_ENABLED(cat)) {
			duk_size_t cat_idx;
			duk_tval tv_tmp;

			cat_idx = (duk_size_t) (cat - thr->catchstack);  /* get before side effects */

			DUK_TVAL_SET_FASTINT_U32(&tv_tmp, (duk_uint32_t) label_id);
			duk__handle_finally(thr, cat_idx, &tv_tmp, lj_type);

			DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("-> break/continue caught by 'finally', restart execution"));
			return;
		}
		if (DUK_CAT_GET_TYPE(cat) == DUK_CAT_TYPE_LABEL &&
		    (duk_uint_t) DUK_CAT_GET_LABEL(cat) == label_id) {
			duk_size_t cat_idx;

			cat_idx = (duk_size_t) (cat - thr->catchstack);
			duk__handle_label(thr, cat_idx, lj_type);

			DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("-> break/continue caught by a label catcher (in the same function), restart execution"));
			return;
		}
		cat--;
	}

	/* should never happen, but be robust */
	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("-> break/continue not caught by anything in the current function (should never happen), throw internal error"));
	DUK_ERROR_INTERNAL_DEFMSG(thr);
	return;
}

/* Handle a RETURN opcode.  Avoid using longjmp() for return handling because
 * it has a measurable performance impact in ordinary environments and an extreme
 * impact in Emscripten (GH-342).  Return value is on value stack top.
 */
DUK_LOCAL duk_small_uint_t duk__handle_return(duk_hthread *thr,
                                              duk_hthread *entry_thread,
                                              duk_size_t entry_callstack_top) {
	duk_tval *tv1;
	duk_tval *tv2;
	duk_hthread *resumer;
	duk_catcher *cat;
	duk_size_t new_cat_top;
	duk_size_t orig_callstack_index;

	/* We can directly access value stack here. */

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(entry_thread != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->valstack_top - 1 >= thr->valstack_bottom);
	tv1 = thr->valstack_top - 1;
	DUK_TVAL_CHKFAST_INPLACE(tv1);  /* fastint downgrade check for return values */

	/*
	 *  Four possible outcomes:
	 *
	 *    1. A 'finally' in the same function catches the 'return'.
	 *       It may continue to propagate when 'finally' is finished,
	 *       or it may be neutralized by 'finally' (both handled by
	 *       ENDFIN).
	 *
	 *    2. The return happens at the entry level of the bytecode
	 *       executor, so return from the executor (in C stack).
	 *
	 *    3. There is a calling (Ecmascript) activation in the call
	 *       stack => return to it, in the same executor instance.
	 *
	 *    4. There is no calling activation, and the thread is
	 *       terminated.  There is always a resumer in this case,
	 *       which gets the return value similarly to a 'yield'
	 *       (except that the current thread can no longer be
	 *       resumed).
	 */

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->callstack_top >= 1);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->catchstack != NULL);

	/* XXX: does not work if thr->catchstack is NULL */
	/* XXX: does not work if thr->catchstack is allocated but lowest pointer */

	cat = thr->catchstack + thr->catchstack_top - 1;  /* may be < thr->catchstack initially */
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->callstack_top > 0);  /* ensures callstack_top - 1 >= 0 */
	orig_callstack_index = thr->callstack_top - 1;

	while (cat >= thr->catchstack) {
		if (cat->callstack_index != orig_callstack_index) {
			break;
		}
		if (DUK_CAT_GET_TYPE(cat) == DUK_CAT_TYPE_TCF &&
		    DUK_CAT_HAS_FINALLY_ENABLED(cat)) {
			duk_size_t cat_idx;

			cat_idx = (duk_size_t) (cat - thr->catchstack);  /* get before side effects */

			DUK_ASSERT(thr->valstack_top - 1 >= thr->valstack_bottom);
			duk__handle_finally(thr, cat_idx, thr->valstack_top - 1, DUK_LJ_TYPE_RETURN);

			DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("-> return caught by 'finally', restart execution"));
			return DUK__RETHAND_RESTART;
		}
		cat--;
	}
	/* If out of catchstack, cat = thr->catchstack - 1;
	 * new_cat_top will be 0 in that case.
	 */
	new_cat_top = (duk_size_t) ((cat + 1) - thr->catchstack);
	cat = NULL;  /* avoid referencing, invalidated */

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("no catcher in catch stack, return to calling activation / yield"));

	if (thr == entry_thread &&
	    thr->callstack_top == entry_callstack_top) {
		/* Return to the bytecode executor caller which will unwind stacks.
		 * Return value is already on the stack top: [ ... retval ].
		 */

		/* XXX: could unwind catchstack here, so that call handling
		 * didn't need to do that?
		 */
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("-> return propagated up to entry level, exit bytecode executor"));
		return DUK__RETHAND_FINISHED;
	}

	if (thr->callstack_top >= 2) {
		/* There is a caller; it MUST be an Ecmascript caller (otherwise it would
		 * match entry level check)
		 */

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("return to Ecmascript caller, idx_retval=%ld, lj_value1=%!T",
		                     (long) (thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top - 2)->idx_retval,
		                     (duk_tval *) &thr->heap->lj.value1));

		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_IS_COMPILEDFUNCTION(DUK_ACT_GET_FUNC(thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top - 2)));   /* must be ecmascript */

		tv1 = thr->valstack + (thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top - 2)->idx_retval;
		DUK_ASSERT(thr->valstack_top - 1 >= thr->valstack_bottom);
		tv2 = thr->valstack_top - 1;
		DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL_UPDREF(thr, tv1, tv2);  /* side effects */

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("return value at idx_retval=%ld is %!T",
		                     (long) (thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top - 2)->idx_retval,
		                     (duk_tval *) (thr->valstack + (thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top - 2)->idx_retval)));

		duk_hthread_catchstack_unwind(thr, new_cat_top);  /* leave 'cat' as top catcher (also works if catchstack exhausted) */
		duk_hthread_callstack_unwind(thr, thr->callstack_top - 1);
		duk__reconfig_valstack_ecma_return(thr, thr->callstack_top - 1);

		DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("-> return not intercepted, restart execution in caller"));
		return DUK__RETHAND_RESTART;
	}

	DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("no calling activation, thread finishes (similar to yield)"));

	DUK_ASSERT(thr->resumer != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->resumer->callstack_top >= 2);  /* Ecmascript activation + Duktape.Thread.resume() activation */
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_ACT_GET_FUNC(thr->resumer->callstack + thr->resumer->callstack_top - 1) != NULL &&
	           DUK_HOBJECT_IS_NATIVEFUNCTION(DUK_ACT_GET_FUNC(thr->resumer->callstack + thr->resumer->callstack_top - 1)) &&
	           ((duk_hnativefunction *) DUK_ACT_GET_FUNC(thr->resumer->callstack + thr->resumer->callstack_top - 1))->func == duk_bi_thread_resume);  /* Duktape.Thread.resume() */
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_ACT_GET_FUNC(thr->resumer->callstack + thr->resumer->callstack_top - 2) != NULL &&
	           DUK_HOBJECT_IS_COMPILEDFUNCTION(DUK_ACT_GET_FUNC(thr->resumer->callstack + thr->resumer->callstack_top - 2)));  /* an Ecmascript function */
	DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE((thr->resumer->callstack + thr->resumer->callstack_top - 2)->idx_retval >= 0);                /* unsigned */
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->state == DUK_HTHREAD_STATE_RUNNING);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->resumer->state == DUK_HTHREAD_STATE_RESUMED);

	resumer = thr->resumer;

	/* Share yield longjmp handler. */
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->valstack_top - 1 >= thr->valstack_bottom);
	duk__handle_yield(thr, resumer, resumer->callstack_top - 2, thr->valstack_top - 1);

	duk_hthread_terminate(thr);  /* updates thread state, minimizes its allocations */
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->state == DUK_HTHREAD_STATE_TERMINATED);

	thr->resumer = NULL;
	resumer->state = DUK_HTHREAD_STATE_RUNNING;
	DUK_HEAP_SWITCH_THREAD(thr->heap, resumer);
#if 0
	thr = resumer;  /* not needed */
#endif

	DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("-> return not caught, thread terminated; handle like yield, restart execution in resumer"));
	return DUK__RETHAND_RESTART;
}

/*
 *  Executor interrupt handling
 *
 *  The handler is called whenever the interrupt countdown reaches zero
 *  (or below).  The handler must perform whatever checks are activated,
 *  e.g. check for cumulative step count to impose an execution step
 *  limit or check for breakpoints or other debugger interaction.
 *
 *  When the actions are done, the handler must reinit the interrupt
 *  init and counter values.  The 'init' value must indicate how many
 *  bytecode instructions are executed before the next interrupt.  The
 *  counter must interface with the bytecode executor loop.  Concretely,
 *  the new init value is normally one higher than the new counter value.
 *  For instance, to execute exactly one bytecode instruction the init
 *  value is set to 1 and the counter to 0.  If an error is thrown by the
 *  interrupt handler, the counters are set to the same value (e.g. both
 *  to 0 to cause an interrupt when the next bytecode instruction is about
 *  to be executed after error handling).
 *
 *  Maintaining the init/counter value properly is important for accurate
 *  behavior.  For instance, executor step limit needs a cumulative step
 *  count which is simply computed as a sum of 'init' values.  This must
 *  work accurately even when single stepping.
 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_INTERRUPT_COUNTER)

#define DUK__INT_NOACTION    0    /* no specific action, resume normal execution */
#define DUK__INT_RESTART     1    /* must "goto restart_execution", e.g. breakpoints changed */

#if defined(DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_SUPPORT)
DUK_LOCAL void duk__interrupt_handle_debugger(duk_hthread *thr, duk_bool_t *out_immediate, duk_small_uint_t *out_interrupt_retval) {
	duk_context *ctx;
	duk_activation *act;
	duk_breakpoint *bp;
	duk_breakpoint **bp_active;
	duk_uint_fast32_t line = 0;
	duk_bool_t process_messages;
	duk_bool_t processed_messages = 0;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr->heap->dbg_processing == 0);  /* don't re-enter e.g. during Eval */

	ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	act = thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top - 1;

	/* It might seem that replacing 'thr->heap' with just 'heap' below
	 * might be a good idea, but it increases code size slightly
	 * (probably due to unnecessary spilling) at least on x64.
	 */

	/*
	 *  Breakpoint and step state checks
	 */

	if (act->flags & DUK_ACT_FLAG_BREAKPOINT_ACTIVE ||
	    (thr->heap->dbg_step_thread == thr &&
	     thr->heap->dbg_step_csindex == thr->callstack_top - 1)) {
		line = duk_debug_curr_line(thr);

		if (act->prev_line != line) {
			/* Stepped?  Step out is handled by callstack unwind. */
			if ((thr->heap->dbg_step_type == DUK_STEP_TYPE_INTO ||
			     thr->heap->dbg_step_type == DUK_STEP_TYPE_OVER) &&
			    (thr->heap->dbg_step_thread == thr) &&
			    (thr->heap->dbg_step_csindex == thr->callstack_top - 1) &&
			    (line != thr->heap->dbg_step_startline)) {
				DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("STEP STATE TRIGGERED PAUSE at line %ld",
				                 (long) line));

				DUK_HEAP_SET_PAUSED(thr->heap);
			}

			/* Check for breakpoints only on line transition.
			 * Breakpoint is triggered when we enter the target
			 * line from a different line, and the previous line
			 * was within the same function.
			 *
			 * This condition is tricky: the condition used to be
			 * that transition to -or across- the breakpoint line
			 * triggered the breakpoint.  This seems intuitively
			 * better because it handles breakpoints on lines with
			 * no emitted opcodes; but this leads to the issue
			 * described in: https://github.com/svaarala/duktape/issues/263.
			 */
			bp_active = thr->heap->dbg_breakpoints_active;
			for (;;) {
				bp = *bp_active++;
				if (bp == NULL) {
					break;
				}

				DUK_ASSERT(bp->filename != NULL);
				if (act->prev_line != bp->line && line == bp->line) {
					DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("BREAKPOINT TRIGGERED at %!O:%ld",
					                 (duk_heaphdr *) bp->filename, (long) bp->line));

					DUK_HEAP_SET_PAUSED(thr->heap);
				}
			}
		} else {
			;
		}

		act->prev_line = line;
	}

	/*
	 *  Rate limit check for sending status update or peeking into
	 *  the debug transport.  Both can be expensive operations that
	 *  we don't want to do on every opcode.
	 *
	 *  Making sure the interval remains reasonable on a wide variety
	 *  of targets and bytecode is difficult without a timestamp, so
	 *  we use a Date-provided timestamp for the rate limit check.
	 *  But since it's also expensive to get a timestamp, a bytecode
	 *  counter is used to rate limit getting timestamps.
	 */

	process_messages = 0;
	if (thr->heap->dbg_state_dirty || thr->heap->dbg_paused || thr->heap->dbg_detaching) {
		/* Enter message processing loop for sending Status notifys and
		 * to finish a pending detach.
		 */
		process_messages = 1;
	}

	/* XXX: remove heap->dbg_exec_counter, use heap->inst_count_interrupt instead? */
	thr->heap->dbg_exec_counter += thr->interrupt_init;
	if (thr->heap->dbg_exec_counter - thr->heap->dbg_last_counter >= DUK_HEAP_DBG_RATELIMIT_OPCODES) {
		/* Overflow of the execution counter is fine and doesn't break
		 * anything here.
		 */

		duk_double_t now, diff_last;

		thr->heap->dbg_last_counter = thr->heap->dbg_exec_counter;
		now = DUK_USE_DATE_GET_NOW(ctx);

		diff_last = now - thr->heap->dbg_last_time;
		if (diff_last < 0.0 || diff_last >= (duk_double_t) DUK_HEAP_DBG_RATELIMIT_MILLISECS) {
			/* Negative value checked so that a "time jump" works
			 * reasonably.
			 *
			 * Same interval is now used for status sending and
			 * peeking.
			 */

			thr->heap->dbg_last_time = now;
			thr->heap->dbg_state_dirty = 1;
			process_messages = 1;
		}
	}

	/*
	 *  Process messages and send status if necessary.
	 *
	 *  If we're paused, we'll block for new messages.  If we're not
	 *  paused, we'll process anything we can peek but won't block
	 *  for more.  Detach (and re-attach) handling is all localized
	 *  to duk_debug_process_messages() too.
	 *
	 *  Debugger writes outside the message loop may cause debugger
	 *  detach1 phase to run, after which dbg_read_cb == NULL and
	 *  dbg_detaching != 0.  The message loop will finish the detach
	 *  by running detach2 phase, so enter the message loop also when
	 *  detaching.
	 */

	act = NULL;  /* may be changed */
	if (process_messages) {
		DUK_ASSERT(thr->heap->dbg_processing == 0);
		processed_messages = duk_debug_process_messages(thr, 0 /*no_block*/);
		DUK_ASSERT(thr->heap->dbg_processing == 0);
	}

	/* Continue checked execution if there are breakpoints or we're stepping.
	 * Also use checked execution if paused flag is active - it shouldn't be
	 * because the debug message loop shouldn't terminate if it was.  Step out
	 * is handled by callstack unwind and doesn't need checked execution.
	 * Note that debugger may have detached due to error or explicit request
	 * above, so we must recheck attach status.
	 */

	if (DUK_HEAP_IS_DEBUGGER_ATTACHED(thr->heap)) {
		act = thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top - 1;  /* relookup, may have changed */
		if (act->flags & DUK_ACT_FLAG_BREAKPOINT_ACTIVE ||
		    ((thr->heap->dbg_step_type == DUK_STEP_TYPE_INTO ||
		      thr->heap->dbg_step_type == DUK_STEP_TYPE_OVER) &&
		     thr->heap->dbg_step_thread == thr &&
		     thr->heap->dbg_step_csindex == thr->callstack_top - 1) ||
		     thr->heap->dbg_paused) {
			*out_immediate = 1;
		}

		/* If we processed any debug messages breakpoints may have
		 * changed; restart execution to re-check active breakpoints.
		 */
		if (processed_messages) {
			DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("processed debug messages, restart execution to recheck possibly changed breakpoints"));
			*out_interrupt_retval = DUK__INT_RESTART;
		}
	} else {
		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("debugger became detached, resume normal execution"));
	}
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_SUPPORT */

DUK_LOCAL duk_small_uint_t duk__executor_interrupt(duk_hthread *thr) {
	duk_int_t ctr;
	duk_activation *act;
	duk_hcompiledfunction *fun;
	duk_bool_t immediate = 0;
	duk_small_uint_t retval;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->heap != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->callstack != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->callstack_top > 0);

#if defined(DUK_USE_DEBUG)
	thr->heap->inst_count_interrupt += thr->interrupt_init;
	DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("execution interrupt, counter=%ld, init=%ld, "
	                   "instruction counts: executor=%ld, interrupt=%ld",
	                   (long) thr->interrupt_counter, (long) thr->interrupt_init,
	                   (long) thr->heap->inst_count_exec, (long) thr->heap->inst_count_interrupt));
#endif

	retval = DUK__INT_NOACTION;
	ctr = DUK_HTHREAD_INTCTR_DEFAULT;

	/*
	 *  Avoid nested calls.  Concretely this happens during debugging, e.g.
	 *  when we eval() an expression.
	 *
	 *  Also don't interrupt if we're currently doing debug processing
	 *  (which can be initiated outside the bytecode executor) as this
	 *  may cause the debugger to be called recursively.  Check required
	 *  for correct operation of throw intercept and other "exotic" halting
	 * scenarios.
	 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_SUPPORT)
	if (DUK_HEAP_HAS_INTERRUPT_RUNNING(thr->heap) || thr->heap->dbg_processing) {
#else
	if (DUK_HEAP_HAS_INTERRUPT_RUNNING(thr->heap)) {
#endif
		DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("nested executor interrupt, ignoring"));

		/* Set a high interrupt counter; the original executor
		 * interrupt invocation will rewrite before exiting.
		 */
		thr->interrupt_init = ctr;
		thr->interrupt_counter = ctr - 1;
		return DUK__INT_NOACTION;
	}
	DUK_HEAP_SET_INTERRUPT_RUNNING(thr->heap);

	act = thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top - 1;

	fun = (duk_hcompiledfunction *) DUK_ACT_GET_FUNC(act);
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_COMPILEDFUNCTION((duk_hobject *) fun));

	DUK_UNREF(fun);

#if defined(DUK_USE_EXEC_TIMEOUT_CHECK)
	/*
	 *  Execution timeout check
	 */

	if (DUK_USE_EXEC_TIMEOUT_CHECK(thr->heap->heap_udata)) {
		/* Keep throwing an error whenever we get here.  The unusual values
		 * are set this way because no instruction is ever executed, we just
		 * throw an error until all try/catch/finally and other catchpoints
		 * have been exhausted.  Duktape/C code gets control at each protected
		 * call but whenever it enters back into Duktape the RangeError gets
		 * raised.  User exec timeout check must consistently indicate a timeout
		 * until we've fully bubbled out of Duktape.
		 */
		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("execution timeout, throwing a RangeError"));
		thr->interrupt_init = 0;
		thr->interrupt_counter = 0;
		DUK_HEAP_CLEAR_INTERRUPT_RUNNING(thr->heap);
		DUK_ERROR_RANGE(thr, "execution timeout");
	}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_EXEC_TIMEOUT_CHECK */

#if defined(DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_SUPPORT)
	if (!thr->heap->dbg_processing &&
	    (thr->heap->dbg_read_cb != NULL || thr->heap->dbg_detaching)) {
		/* Avoid recursive re-entry; enter when we're attached or
		 * detaching (to finish off the pending detach).
		 */
		duk__interrupt_handle_debugger(thr, &immediate, &retval);
		act = thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top - 1;  /* relookup if changed */
		DUK_UNREF(act);  /* 'act' is no longer accessed, scanbuild fix */
	}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_SUPPORT */

	/*
	 *  Update the interrupt counter
	 */

	if (immediate) {
		/* Cause an interrupt after executing one instruction. */
		ctr = 1;
	}

	/* The counter value is one less than the init value: init value should
	 * indicate how many instructions are executed before interrupt.  To
	 * execute 1 instruction (after interrupt handler return), counter must
	 * be 0.
	 */
	DUK_ASSERT(ctr >= 1);
	thr->interrupt_init = ctr;
	thr->interrupt_counter = ctr - 1;
	DUK_HEAP_CLEAR_INTERRUPT_RUNNING(thr->heap);

	return retval;
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_INTERRUPT_COUNTER */

/*
 *  Debugger handling for executor restart
 *
 *  Check for breakpoints, stepping, etc, and figure out if we should execute
 *  in checked or normal mode.  Note that we can't do this when an activation
 *  is created, because breakpoint status (and stepping status) may change
 *  later, so we must recheck every time we're executing an activation.
 *  This primitive should be side effect free to avoid changes during check.
 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_SUPPORT)
DUK_LOCAL void duk__executor_recheck_debugger(duk_hthread *thr, duk_activation *act, duk_hcompiledfunction *fun) {
	duk_heap *heap;
	duk_tval *tv_tmp;
	duk_hstring *filename;
	duk_small_uint_t bp_idx;
	duk_breakpoint **bp_active;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(act != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(fun != NULL);

	heap = thr->heap;
	bp_active = heap->dbg_breakpoints_active;
	act->flags &= ~DUK_ACT_FLAG_BREAKPOINT_ACTIVE;

	tv_tmp = duk_hobject_find_existing_entry_tval_ptr(thr->heap, (duk_hobject *) fun, DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_FILE_NAME(thr));
	if (tv_tmp && DUK_TVAL_IS_STRING(tv_tmp)) {
		filename = DUK_TVAL_GET_STRING(tv_tmp);

		/* Figure out all active breakpoints.  A breakpoint is
		 * considered active if the current function's fileName
		 * matches the breakpoint's fileName, AND there is no
		 * inner function that has matching line numbers
		 * (otherwise a breakpoint would be triggered both
		 * inside and outside of the inner function which would
		 * be confusing).  Example:
		 *
		 *     function foo() {
		 *         print('foo');
		 *         function bar() {    <-.  breakpoints in these
		 *             print('bar');     |  lines should not affect
		 *         }                   <-'  foo() execution
		 *         bar();
		 *     }
		 *
		 * We need a few things that are only available when
		 * debugger support is enabled: (1) a line range for
		 * each function, and (2) access to the function
		 * template to access the inner functions (and their
		 * line ranges).
		 *
		 * It's important to have a narrow match for active
		 * breakpoints so that we don't enter checked execution
		 * when that's not necessary.  For instance, if we're
		 * running inside a certain function and there's
		 * breakpoint outside in (after the call site), we
		 * don't want to slow down execution of the function.
		 */

		for (bp_idx = 0; bp_idx < heap->dbg_breakpoint_count; bp_idx++) {
			duk_breakpoint *bp = heap->dbg_breakpoints + bp_idx;
			duk_hobject **funcs, **funcs_end;
			duk_hcompiledfunction *inner_fun;
			duk_bool_t bp_match;

			if (bp->filename == filename &&
			    bp->line >= fun->start_line && bp->line <= fun->end_line) {
				bp_match = 1;
				DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("breakpoint filename and line match: "
				                   "%s:%ld vs. %s (line %ld vs. %ld-%ld)",
				                   DUK_HSTRING_GET_DATA(bp->filename),
				                   (long) bp->line,
				                   DUK_HSTRING_GET_DATA(filename),
				                   (long) bp->line,
				                   (long) fun->start_line,
				                   (long) fun->end_line));

				funcs = DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_FUNCS_BASE(thr->heap, fun);
				funcs_end = DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_FUNCS_END(thr->heap, fun);
				while (funcs != funcs_end) {
					inner_fun = (duk_hcompiledfunction *) *funcs;
					DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_IS_COMPILEDFUNCTION((duk_hobject *) inner_fun));
					if (bp->line >= inner_fun->start_line && bp->line <= inner_fun->end_line) {
						DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("inner function masks ('captures') breakpoint"));
						bp_match = 0;
						break;
					}
					funcs++;
				}

				if (bp_match) {
					/* No need to check for size of bp_active list,
					 * it's always larger than maximum number of
					 * breakpoints.
					 */
					act->flags |= DUK_ACT_FLAG_BREAKPOINT_ACTIVE;
					*bp_active = heap->dbg_breakpoints + bp_idx;
					bp_active++;
				}
			}
		}
	}

	*bp_active = NULL;  /* terminate */

	DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("ACTIVE BREAKPOINTS: %ld", (long) (bp_active - thr->heap->dbg_breakpoints_active)));

	/* Force pause if we were doing "step into" in another activation. */
	if (thr->heap->dbg_step_thread != NULL &&
	    thr->heap->dbg_step_type == DUK_STEP_TYPE_INTO &&
	    (thr->heap->dbg_step_thread != thr ||
	     thr->heap->dbg_step_csindex != thr->callstack_top - 1)) {
		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("STEP INTO ACTIVE, FORCE PAUSED"));
		DUK_HEAP_SET_PAUSED(thr->heap);
	}

	/* Force interrupt right away if we're paused or in "checked mode".
	 * Step out is handled by callstack unwind.
	 */
	if (act->flags & (DUK_ACT_FLAG_BREAKPOINT_ACTIVE) ||
	    thr->heap->dbg_paused ||
	    (thr->heap->dbg_step_type != DUK_STEP_TYPE_OUT &&
	     thr->heap->dbg_step_csindex == thr->callstack_top - 1)) {
		/* We'll need to interrupt early so recompute the init
		 * counter to reflect the number of bytecode instructions
		 * executed so that step counts for e.g. debugger rate
		 * limiting are accurate.
		 */
		DUK_ASSERT(thr->interrupt_counter <= thr->interrupt_init);
		thr->interrupt_init = thr->interrupt_init - thr->interrupt_counter;
		thr->interrupt_counter = 0;
	}
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_SUPPORT */

/*
 *  Ecmascript bytecode executor.
 *
 *  Resume execution for the current thread from its current activation.
 *  Returns when execution would return from the entry level activation,
 *  leaving a single return value on top of the stack.  Function calls
 *  and thread resumptions are handled internally.  If an error occurs,
 *  a longjmp() with type DUK_LJ_TYPE_THROW is called on the entry level
 *  setjmp() jmpbuf.
 *
 *  Ecmascript function calls and coroutine resumptions are handled
 *  internally (by the outer executor function) without recursive C calls.
 *  Other function calls are handled using duk_handle_call(), increasing
 *  C recursion depth.
 *
 *  Abrupt completions (= long control tranfers) are handled either
 *  directly by reconfiguring relevant stacks and restarting execution,
 *  or via a longjmp.  Longjmp-free handling is preferable for performance
 *  (especially Emscripten performance), and is used for: break, continue,
 *  and return.
 *
 *  For more detailed notes, see doc/execution.rst.
 *
 *  Also see doc/code-issues.rst for discussion of setjmp(), longjmp(),
 *  and volatile.
 */

/* Presence of 'fun' is config based, there's a marginal performance
 * difference and the best option is architecture dependent.
 */
#if defined(DUK_USE_EXEC_FUN_LOCAL)
#define DUK__FUN()          fun
#else
#define DUK__FUN()          ((duk_hcompiledfunction *) DUK_ACT_GET_FUNC((thr)->callstack + (thr)->callstack_top - 1))
#endif
#define DUK__STRICT()       (DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_STRICT((duk_hobject *) DUK__FUN()))

/* Reg/const access macros: these are very footprint and performance sensitive
 * so modify with care.
 */
#define DUK__REG(x)         (*(thr->valstack_bottom + (x)))
#define DUK__REGP(x)        (thr->valstack_bottom + (x))
#define DUK__CONST(x)       (*(consts + (x)))
#define DUK__CONSTP(x)      (consts + (x))
#if 0
#define DUK__REGCONST(x)    ((x) < DUK_BC_REGLIMIT ? DUK__REG((x)) : DUK__CONST((x) - DUK_BC_REGLIMIT))
#define DUK__REGCONSTP(x)   ((x) < DUK_BC_REGLIMIT ? DUK__REGP((x)) : DUK__CONSTP((x) - DUK_BC_REGLIMIT))
#define DUK__REGCONST(x)    *((((x) < DUK_BC_REGLIMIT ? thr->valstack_bottom : consts2) + (x)))
#define DUK__REGCONSTP(x)   (((x) < DUK_BC_REGLIMIT ? thr->valstack_bottom : consts2) + (x))
#endif
/* This macro works when a regconst field is 9 bits, [0,0x1ff].  Adding
 * DUK_LIKELY/DUK_UNLIKELY increases code footprint and doesn't seem to
 * improve performance on x64 (and actually harms performance in some tests).
 */
#define DUK__RCISREG(x)     (((x) & 0x100) == 0)
#define DUK__REGCONST(x)    (*((DUK__RCISREG((x)) ? thr->valstack_bottom : consts2) + (x)))
#define DUK__REGCONSTP(x)   ((DUK__RCISREG((x)) ? thr->valstack_bottom : consts2) + (x))

#ifdef DUK_USE_VERBOSE_EXECUTOR_ERRORS
#define DUK__INTERNAL_ERROR(msg)  do { \
		DUK_ERROR_INTERNAL(thr, (msg)); \
	} while (0)
#else
#define DUK__INTERNAL_ERROR(msg)  do { \
		goto internal_error; \
	} while (0)
#endif

#define DUK__SYNC_CURR_PC()  do { \
		duk_activation *act; \
		act = thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top - 1; \
		act->curr_pc = curr_pc; \
	} while (0)
#define DUK__SYNC_AND_NULL_CURR_PC()  do { \
		duk_activation *act; \
		act = thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top - 1; \
		act->curr_pc = curr_pc; \
		thr->ptr_curr_pc = NULL; \
	} while (0)

DUK_LOCAL void duk__handle_executor_error(duk_heap *heap,
                                          duk_hthread *entry_thread,
                                          duk_size_t entry_callstack_top,
                                          duk_int_t entry_call_recursion_depth,
                                          duk_jmpbuf *entry_jmpbuf_ptr) {
	duk_small_uint_t lj_ret;

	/* Longjmp callers are required to sync-and-null thr->ptr_curr_pc
	 * before longjmp.
	 */
	DUK_ASSERT(heap->curr_thread != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(heap->curr_thread->ptr_curr_pc == NULL);

	/* XXX: signalling the need to shrink check (only if unwound) */

	/* Must be restored here to handle e.g. yields properly. */
	heap->call_recursion_depth = entry_call_recursion_depth;

	/* Switch to caller's setjmp() catcher so that if an error occurs
	 * during error handling, it is always propagated outwards instead
	 * of causing an infinite loop in our own handler.
	 */
	heap->lj.jmpbuf_ptr = (duk_jmpbuf *) entry_jmpbuf_ptr;

	lj_ret = duk__handle_longjmp(heap->curr_thread, entry_thread, entry_callstack_top);

	if (lj_ret == DUK__LONGJMP_RESTART) {
		/* Restart bytecode execution, possibly with a changed thread. */
		;
	} else {
		/* Rethrow error to calling state. */
		DUK_ASSERT(lj_ret == DUK__LONGJMP_RETHROW);

		/* Longjmp handling has restored jmpbuf_ptr. */
		DUK_ASSERT(heap->lj.jmpbuf_ptr == entry_jmpbuf_ptr);

		/* Thread may have changed, e.g. YIELD converted to THROW. */
		duk_err_longjmp(heap->curr_thread);
		DUK_UNREACHABLE();
	}
}

/* Outer executor with setjmp/longjmp handling. */
DUK_INTERNAL void duk_js_execute_bytecode(duk_hthread *exec_thr) {
	/* Entry level info. */
	duk_hthread *entry_thread;
	duk_size_t entry_callstack_top;
	duk_int_t entry_call_recursion_depth;
	duk_jmpbuf *entry_jmpbuf_ptr;
	duk_jmpbuf our_jmpbuf;
	duk_heap *heap;

	DUK_ASSERT(exec_thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(exec_thr->heap != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(exec_thr->heap->curr_thread != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT_REFCOUNT_NONZERO_HEAPHDR((duk_heaphdr *) exec_thr);
	DUK_ASSERT(exec_thr->callstack_top >= 1);  /* at least one activation, ours */
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_ACT_GET_FUNC(exec_thr->callstack + exec_thr->callstack_top - 1) != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_IS_COMPILEDFUNCTION(DUK_ACT_GET_FUNC(exec_thr->callstack + exec_thr->callstack_top - 1)));

	entry_thread = exec_thr;
	heap = entry_thread->heap;
	entry_callstack_top = entry_thread->callstack_top;
	entry_call_recursion_depth = entry_thread->heap->call_recursion_depth;
	entry_jmpbuf_ptr = entry_thread->heap->lj.jmpbuf_ptr;

	/*
	 *  Note: we currently assume that the setjmp() catchpoint is
	 *  not re-entrant (longjmp() cannot be called more than once
	 *  for a single setjmp()).
	 *
	 *  See doc/code-issues.rst for notes on variable assignment
	 *  before and after setjmp().
	 */

	for (;;) {
		heap->lj.jmpbuf_ptr = &our_jmpbuf;
		DUK_ASSERT(heap->lj.jmpbuf_ptr != NULL);

#if defined(DUK_USE_CPP_EXCEPTIONS)
		try {
#else
		DUK_ASSERT(heap->lj.jmpbuf_ptr == &our_jmpbuf);
		if (DUK_SETJMP(our_jmpbuf.jb) == 0) {
#endif
			/* Execute bytecode until returned or longjmp(). */
			duk__js_execute_bytecode_inner(entry_thread, entry_callstack_top);

			/* Successful return: restore jmpbuf and return to caller. */
			heap->lj.jmpbuf_ptr = entry_jmpbuf_ptr;

			return;
#if defined(DUK_USE_CPP_EXCEPTIONS)
		} catch (duk_internal_exception &exc) {
#else
		} else {
#endif
#if defined(DUK_USE_CPP_EXCEPTIONS)
			DUK_UNREF(exc);
#endif
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("longjmp caught by bytecode executor"));

			duk__handle_executor_error(heap,
			                           entry_thread,
			                           entry_callstack_top,
			                           entry_call_recursion_depth,
			                           entry_jmpbuf_ptr);
		}
#if defined(DUK_USE_CPP_EXCEPTIONS)
		catch (std::exception &exc) {
			const char *what = exc.what();
			if (!what) {
				what = "unknown";
			}
			DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("unexpected c++ std::exception (perhaps thrown by user code)"));
			try {
				DUK_ASSERT(heap->curr_thread != NULL);
				DUK_ERROR_FMT1(heap->curr_thread, DUK_ERR_API_ERROR, "caught invalid c++ std::exception '%s' (perhaps thrown by user code)", what);
			} catch (duk_internal_exception exc) {
				DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("caught api error thrown from unexpected c++ std::exception"));
				DUK_UNREF(exc);
				duk__handle_executor_error(heap,
				                           entry_thread,
				                           entry_callstack_top,
				                           entry_call_recursion_depth,
				                           entry_jmpbuf_ptr);
			}
		} catch (...) {
			DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("unexpected c++ exception (perhaps thrown by user code)"));
			try {
				DUK_ASSERT(heap->curr_thread != NULL);
				DUK_ERROR_API(heap->curr_thread, "caught invalid c++ exception (perhaps thrown by user code)");
			} catch (duk_internal_exception exc) {
				DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("caught api error thrown from unexpected c++ exception"));
				DUK_UNREF(exc);
				duk__handle_executor_error(heap,
				                           entry_thread,
				                           entry_callstack_top,
				                           entry_call_recursion_depth,
				                           entry_jmpbuf_ptr);
			}
		}
#endif
	}

	DUK_UNREACHABLE();
}

/* Inner executor, performance critical. */
DUK_LOCAL DUK_NOINLINE void duk__js_execute_bytecode_inner(duk_hthread *entry_thread, duk_size_t entry_callstack_top) {
	/* Current PC, accessed by other functions through thr->ptr_to_curr_pc.
	 * Critical for performance.  It would be safest to make this volatile,
	 * but that eliminates performance benefits; aliasing guarantees
	 * should be enough though.
	 */
	duk_instr_t *curr_pc;         /* bytecode has a stable pointer */

	/* Hot variables for interpretation.  Critical for performance,
	 * but must add sparingly to minimize register shuffling.
	 */
	duk_hthread *thr;             /* stable */
	duk_tval *consts;             /* stable */
	duk_tval *consts2;            /* stable; precalculated for faster lookups */
	duk_uint_fast32_t ins;
	/* 'funcs' is quite rarely used, so no local for it */
#if defined(DUK_USE_EXEC_FUN_LOCAL)
	duk_hcompiledfunction *fun;
#else
	/* 'fun' is quite rarely used, so no local for it */
#endif

#ifdef DUK_USE_INTERRUPT_COUNTER
	duk_int_t int_ctr;
#endif

#ifdef DUK_USE_ASSERTIONS
	duk_size_t valstack_top_base;    /* valstack top, should match before interpreting each op (no leftovers) */
#endif

	/*
	 *  Restart execution by reloading thread state.
	 *
	 *  Note that 'thr' and any thread configuration may have changed,
	 *  so all local variables are suspect and we need to reinitialize.
	 *
	 *  The number of local variables should be kept to a minimum: if
	 *  the variables are spilled, they will need to be loaded from
	 *  memory anyway.
	 *
	 *  Any 'goto restart_execution;' code path in opcode dispatch must
	 *  ensure 'curr_pc' is synced back to act->curr_pc before the goto
	 *  takes place.
	 *
	 *  The interpreter must be very careful with memory pointers, as
	 *  many pointers are not guaranteed to be 'stable' and may be
	 *  reallocated and relocated on-the-fly quite easily (e.g. by a
	 *  memory allocation or a property access).
	 *
	 *  The following are assumed to have stable pointers:
	 *    - the current thread
	 *    - the current function
	 *    - the bytecode, constant table, inner function table of the
	 *      current function (as they are a part of the function allocation)
	 *
	 *  The following are assumed to have semi-stable pointers:
	 *    - the current activation entry: stable as long as callstack
	 *      is not changed (reallocated by growing or shrinking), or
	 *      by any garbage collection invocation (through finalizers)
	 *    - Note in particular that ANY DECREF can invalidate the
	 *      activation pointer, so for the most part a fresh lookup
	 *      is required
	 *
	 *  The following are not assumed to have stable pointers at all:
	 *    - the value stack (registers) of the current thread
	 *    - the catch stack of the current thread
	 *
	 *  See execution.rst for discussion.
	 */

 restart_execution:

	/* Lookup current thread; use the stable 'entry_thread' for this to
	 * avoid clobber warnings.  Any valid, reachable 'thr' value would be
	 * fine for this, so using 'entry_thread' is just to silence warnings.
	 */
	thr = entry_thread->heap->curr_thread;
	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(thr->callstack_top >= 1);
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_ACT_GET_FUNC(thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top - 1) != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_IS_COMPILEDFUNCTION(DUK_ACT_GET_FUNC(thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top - 1)));

	thr->ptr_curr_pc = &curr_pc;

	/* Relookup and initialize dispatch loop variables.  Debugger check. */
	{
		duk_activation *act;
#if !defined(DUK_USE_EXEC_FUN_LOCAL)
		duk_hcompiledfunction *fun;
#endif

		/* Assume interrupt init/counter are properly initialized here. */
		/* Assume that thr->valstack_bottom has been set-up before getting here. */

		act = thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top - 1;
		fun = (duk_hcompiledfunction *) DUK_ACT_GET_FUNC(act);
		DUK_ASSERT(fun != NULL);
		DUK_ASSERT(thr->valstack_top - thr->valstack_bottom == fun->nregs);
		consts = DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_CONSTS_BASE(thr->heap, fun);
		DUK_ASSERT(consts != NULL);
		consts2 = consts - DUK_BC_REGLIMIT;

#if defined(DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_SUPPORT)
		if (DUK_HEAP_IS_DEBUGGER_ATTACHED(thr->heap) && !thr->heap->dbg_processing) {
			duk__executor_recheck_debugger(thr, act, fun);
			act = thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top - 1;  /* relookup after side effects (no side effects currently however) */
		}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_SUPPORT */

#ifdef DUK_USE_ASSERTIONS
		valstack_top_base = (duk_size_t) (thr->valstack_top - thr->valstack);
#endif

		/* Set up curr_pc for opcode dispatch. */
		curr_pc = act->curr_pc;
	}

	DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("restarting execution, thr %p, act idx %ld, fun %p,"
	                   "consts %p, funcs %p, lev %ld, regbot %ld, regtop %ld, catchstack_top=%ld, "
	                   "preventcount=%ld",
	                   (void *) thr,
	                   (long) (thr->callstack_top - 1),
	                   (void *) DUK__FUN(),
	                   (void *) DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_CONSTS_BASE(thr->heap, DUK__FUN()),
	                   (void *) DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_FUNCS_BASE(thr->heap, DUK__FUN()),
	                   (long) (thr->callstack_top - 1),
	                   (long) (thr->valstack_bottom - thr->valstack),
	                   (long) (thr->valstack_top - thr->valstack),
	                   (long) thr->catchstack_top,
	                   (long) thr->callstack_preventcount));

	/* Dispatch loop. */

	for (;;) {
		DUK_ASSERT(thr->callstack_top >= 1);
		DUK_ASSERT(thr->valstack_top - thr->valstack_bottom == DUK__FUN()->nregs);
		DUK_ASSERT((duk_size_t) (thr->valstack_top - thr->valstack) == valstack_top_base);

		/* Executor interrupt counter check, used to implement breakpoints,
		 * debugging interface, execution timeouts, etc.  The counter is heap
		 * specific but is maintained in the current thread to make the check
		 * as fast as possible.  The counter is copied back to the heap struct
		 * whenever a thread switch occurs by the DUK_HEAP_SWITCH_THREAD() macro.
		 */
#if defined(DUK_USE_INTERRUPT_COUNTER)
		int_ctr = thr->interrupt_counter;
		if (DUK_LIKELY(int_ctr > 0)) {
			thr->interrupt_counter = int_ctr - 1;
		} else {
			/* Trigger at zero or below */
			duk_small_uint_t exec_int_ret;

			/* Write curr_pc back for the debugger. */
			DUK_ASSERT(thr->callstack_top > 0);
			{
				duk_activation *act;
				act = thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top - 1;
				act->curr_pc = (duk_instr_t *) curr_pc;
			}

			/* Force restart caused by a function return; must recheck
			 * debugger breakpoints before checking line transitions,
			 * see GH-303.  Restart and then handle interrupt_counter
			 * zero again.
			 */
#if defined(DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_SUPPORT)
			if (thr->heap->dbg_force_restart) {
				DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("dbg_force_restart flag forced restart execution"));  /* GH-303 */
				thr->heap->dbg_force_restart = 0;
				goto restart_execution;
			}
#endif

			exec_int_ret = duk__executor_interrupt(thr);
			if (exec_int_ret == DUK__INT_RESTART) {
				/* curr_pc synced back above */
				goto restart_execution;
			}
		}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_INTERRUPT_COUNTER */
#if defined(DUK_USE_INTERRUPT_COUNTER) && defined(DUK_USE_DEBUG)
		/* For cross-checking during development: ensure dispatch count
		 * matches cumulative interrupt counter init value sums.
		 */
		thr->heap->inst_count_exec++;
#endif

#if defined(DUK_USE_ASSERTIONS) || defined(DUK_USE_DEBUG)
		{
			duk_activation *act;
			act = thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top - 1;
			DUK_ASSERT(curr_pc >= DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_CODE_BASE(thr->heap, DUK__FUN()));
			DUK_ASSERT(curr_pc < DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_CODE_END(thr->heap, DUK__FUN()));
			DUK_UNREF(act);  /* if debugging disabled */

			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("executing bytecode: pc=%ld, ins=0x%08lx, op=%ld, valstack_top=%ld/%ld, nregs=%ld  -->  %!I",
			                     (long) (curr_pc - DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_CODE_BASE(thr->heap, DUK__FUN())),
			                     (unsigned long) *curr_pc,
			                     (long) DUK_DEC_OP(*curr_pc),
			                     (long) (thr->valstack_top - thr->valstack),
			                     (long) (thr->valstack_end - thr->valstack),
			                     (long) (DUK__FUN() ? DUK__FUN()->nregs : -1),
			                     (duk_instr_t) *curr_pc));
		}
#endif

#if defined(DUK_USE_ASSERTIONS)
		/* Quite heavy assert: check valstack policy.  Improper
		 * shuffle instructions can write beyond valstack_top/end
		 * so this check catches them in the act.
		 */
		{
			duk_tval *tv;
			tv = thr->valstack_top;
			while (tv != thr->valstack_end) {
				DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_UNDEFINED(tv));
				tv++;
			}
		}
#endif

		ins = *curr_pc++;

		/* Typing: use duk_small_(u)int_fast_t when decoding small
		 * opcode fields (op, A, B, C) and duk_(u)int_fast_t when
		 * decoding larger fields (e.g. BC which is 18 bits).  Use
		 * unsigned variant by default, signed when the value is used
		 * in signed arithmetic.  Using variable names such as 'a', 'b',
		 * 'c', 'bc', etc makes it easier to spot typing mismatches.
		 */

		/* XXX: the best typing needs to be validated by perf measurement:
		 * e.g. using a small type which is the cast to a larger duk_idx_t
		 * may be slower than declaring the variable as a duk_idx_t in the
		 * first place.
		 */

		/* XXX: use macros for the repetitive tval/refcount handling. */

		switch ((int) DUK_DEC_OP(ins)) {
		/* XXX: switch cast? */

		case DUK_OP_LDREG: {
			duk_small_uint_fast_t a;
			duk_uint_fast_t bc;
			duk_tval *tv1, *tv2;

			a = DUK_DEC_A(ins); tv1 = DUK__REGP(a);
			bc = DUK_DEC_BC(ins); tv2 = DUK__REGP(bc);
			DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL_UPDREF_FAST(thr, tv1, tv2);  /* side effects */
			break;
		}

		case DUK_OP_STREG: {
			duk_small_uint_fast_t a;
			duk_uint_fast_t bc;
			duk_tval *tv1, *tv2;

			a = DUK_DEC_A(ins); tv1 = DUK__REGP(a);
			bc = DUK_DEC_BC(ins); tv2 = DUK__REGP(bc);
			DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL_UPDREF_FAST(thr, tv2, tv1);  /* side effects */
			break;
		}

		case DUK_OP_LDCONST: {
			duk_small_uint_fast_t a;
			duk_uint_fast_t bc;
			duk_tval *tv1, *tv2;

			a = DUK_DEC_A(ins); tv1 = DUK__REGP(a);
			bc = DUK_DEC_BC(ins); tv2 = DUK__CONSTP(bc);
			DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL_UPDREF_FAST(thr, tv1, tv2);  /* side effects */
			break;
		}

		case DUK_OP_LDINT: {
			duk_small_uint_fast_t a;
			duk_int_fast_t bc;
			duk_tval *tv1;
#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
			duk_int32_t val;
#else
			duk_double_t val;
#endif

#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
			a = DUK_DEC_A(ins); tv1 = DUK__REGP(a);
			bc = DUK_DEC_BC(ins); val = (duk_int32_t) (bc - DUK_BC_LDINT_BIAS);
			DUK_TVAL_SET_FASTINT_I32_UPDREF(thr, tv1, val);  /* side effects */
#else
			a = DUK_DEC_A(ins); tv1 = DUK__REGP(a);
			bc = DUK_DEC_BC(ins); val = (duk_double_t) (bc - DUK_BC_LDINT_BIAS);
			DUK_TVAL_SET_NUMBER_UPDREF(thr, tv1, val);  /* side effects */
#endif
			break;
		}

		case DUK_OP_LDINTX: {
			duk_small_uint_fast_t a;
			duk_tval *tv1;
			duk_double_t val;

			/* LDINTX is not necessarily in FASTINT range, so
			 * no fast path for now.
			 *
			 * XXX: perhaps restrict LDINTX to fastint range, wider
			 * range very rarely needed.
			 */

			a = DUK_DEC_A(ins); tv1 = DUK__REGP(a);
			DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv1));
			val = DUK_TVAL_GET_NUMBER(tv1) * ((duk_double_t) (1L << DUK_BC_LDINTX_SHIFT)) +
			      (duk_double_t) DUK_DEC_BC(ins);
#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
			DUK_TVAL_SET_NUMBER_CHKFAST(tv1, val);
#else
			DUK_TVAL_SET_NUMBER(tv1, val);
#endif
			break;
		}

		case DUK_OP_MPUTOBJ:
		case DUK_OP_MPUTOBJI: {
			duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
			duk_small_uint_fast_t a;
			duk_tval *tv1;
			duk_hobject *obj;
			duk_uint_fast_t idx;
			duk_small_uint_fast_t count;

			/* A -> register of target object
			 * B -> first register of key/value pair list
			 * C -> number of key/value pairs
			 */

			a = DUK_DEC_A(ins); tv1 = DUK__REGP(a);
			DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_OBJECT(tv1));
			obj = DUK_TVAL_GET_OBJECT(tv1);

			idx = (duk_uint_fast_t) DUK_DEC_B(ins);
			if (DUK_DEC_OP(ins) == DUK_OP_MPUTOBJI) {
				duk_tval *tv_ind = DUK__REGP(idx);
				DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv_ind));
				idx = (duk_uint_fast_t) DUK_TVAL_GET_NUMBER(tv_ind);
			}

			count = (duk_small_uint_fast_t) DUK_DEC_C(ins);

#if defined(DUK_USE_EXEC_INDIRECT_BOUND_CHECK)
			if (DUK_UNLIKELY(idx + count * 2 > (duk_uint_fast_t) duk_get_top(ctx))) {
				/* XXX: use duk_is_valid_index() instead? */
				/* XXX: improve check; check against nregs, not against top */
				DUK__INTERNAL_ERROR("MPUTOBJ out of bounds");
			}
#endif

			duk_push_hobject(ctx, obj);

			while (count > 0) {
				/* XXX: faster initialization (direct access or better primitives) */

				duk_push_tval(ctx, DUK__REGP(idx));
				DUK_ASSERT(duk_is_string(ctx, -1));
				duk_push_tval(ctx, DUK__REGP(idx + 1));  /* -> [... obj key value] */
				duk_xdef_prop_wec(ctx, -3);              /* -> [... obj] */

				count--;
				idx += 2;
			}

			duk_pop(ctx);  /* [... obj] -> [...] */
			break;
		}

		case DUK_OP_MPUTARR:
		case DUK_OP_MPUTARRI: {
			duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
			duk_small_uint_fast_t a;
			duk_tval *tv1;
			duk_hobject *obj;
			duk_uint_fast_t idx;
			duk_small_uint_fast_t count;
			duk_uint32_t arr_idx;

			/* A -> register of target object
			 * B -> first register of value data (start_index, value1, value2, ..., valueN)
			 * C -> number of key/value pairs (N)
			 */

			a = DUK_DEC_A(ins); tv1 = DUK__REGP(a);
			DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_OBJECT(tv1));
			obj = DUK_TVAL_GET_OBJECT(tv1);
			DUK_ASSERT(obj != NULL);

			idx = (duk_uint_fast_t) DUK_DEC_B(ins);
			if (DUK_DEC_OP(ins) == DUK_OP_MPUTARRI) {
				duk_tval *tv_ind = DUK__REGP(idx);
				DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv_ind));
				idx = (duk_uint_fast_t) DUK_TVAL_GET_NUMBER(tv_ind);
			}

			count = (duk_small_uint_fast_t) DUK_DEC_C(ins);

#if defined(DUK_USE_EXEC_INDIRECT_BOUND_CHECK)
			if (idx + count + 1 > (duk_uint_fast_t) duk_get_top(ctx)) {
				/* XXX: use duk_is_valid_index() instead? */
				/* XXX: improve check; check against nregs, not against top */
				DUK__INTERNAL_ERROR("MPUTARR out of bounds");
			}
#endif

			tv1 = DUK__REGP(idx);
			DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv1));
			arr_idx = (duk_uint32_t) DUK_TVAL_GET_NUMBER(tv1);
			idx++;

			duk_push_hobject(ctx, obj);

			while (count > 0) {
				/* duk_xdef_prop() will define an own property without any array
				 * special behaviors.  We'll need to set the array length explicitly
				 * in the end.  For arrays with elisions, the compiler will emit an
				 * explicit SETALEN which will update the length.
				 */

				/* XXX: because we're dealing with 'own' properties of a fresh array,
				 * the array initializer should just ensure that the array has a large
				 * enough array part and write the values directly into array part,
				 * and finally set 'length' manually in the end (as already happens now).
				 */

				duk_push_tval(ctx, DUK__REGP(idx));          /* -> [... obj value] */
				duk_xdef_prop_index_wec(ctx, -2, arr_idx);   /* -> [... obj] */

				/* XXX: could use at least one fewer loop counters */
				count--;
				idx++;
				arr_idx++;
			}

			/* XXX: E5.1 Section 11.1.4 coerces the final length through
			 * ToUint32() which is odd but happens now as a side effect of
			 * 'arr_idx' type.
			 */
			duk_hobject_set_length(thr, obj, (duk_uint32_t) arr_idx);

			duk_pop(ctx);  /* [... obj] -> [...] */
			break;
		}

		case DUK_OP_NEW:
		case DUK_OP_NEWI: {
			duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
			duk_small_uint_fast_t c = DUK_DEC_C(ins);
			duk_uint_fast_t idx;
			duk_small_uint_fast_t i;

			/* A -> unused (reserved for flags, for consistency with DUK_OP_CALL)
			 * B -> target register and start reg: constructor, arg1, ..., argN
			 *      (for DUK_OP_NEWI, 'b' is indirect)
			 * C -> num args (N)
			 */

			/* duk_new() will call the constuctor using duk_handle_call().
			 * A constructor call prevents a yield from inside the constructor,
			 * even if the constructor is an Ecmascript function.
			 */

			/* Don't need to sync curr_pc here; duk_new() will do that
			 * when it augments the created error.
			 */

			/* XXX: unnecessary copying of values?  Just set 'top' to
			 * b + c, and let the return handling fix up the stack frame?
			 */

			idx = (duk_uint_fast_t) DUK_DEC_B(ins);
			if (DUK_DEC_OP(ins) == DUK_OP_NEWI) {
				duk_tval *tv_ind = DUK__REGP(idx);
				DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv_ind));
				idx = (duk_uint_fast_t) DUK_TVAL_GET_NUMBER(tv_ind);
			}

#if defined(DUK_USE_EXEC_INDIRECT_BOUND_CHECK)
			if (idx + c + 1 > (duk_uint_fast_t) duk_get_top(ctx)) {
				/* XXX: use duk_is_valid_index() instead? */
				/* XXX: improve check; check against nregs, not against top */
				DUK__INTERNAL_ERROR("NEW out of bounds");
			}
#endif

			duk_require_stack(ctx, (duk_idx_t) c);
			duk_push_tval(ctx, DUK__REGP(idx));
			for (i = 0; i < c; i++) {
				duk_push_tval(ctx, DUK__REGP(idx + i + 1));
			}
			duk_new(ctx, (duk_idx_t) c);  /* [... constructor arg1 ... argN] -> [retval] */
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("NEW -> %!iT", (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));
			duk_replace(ctx, (duk_idx_t) idx);

			/* When debugger is enabled, we need to recheck the activation
			 * status after returning.  This is now handled by call handling
			 * and heap->dbg_force_restart.
			 */
			break;
		}

		case DUK_OP_REGEXP: {
#ifdef DUK_USE_REGEXP_SUPPORT
			duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
			duk_small_uint_fast_t a = DUK_DEC_A(ins);
			duk_small_uint_fast_t b = DUK_DEC_B(ins);
			duk_small_uint_fast_t c = DUK_DEC_C(ins);

			/* A -> target register
			 * B -> bytecode (also contains flags)
			 * C -> escaped source
			 */

			duk_push_tval(ctx, DUK__REGCONSTP(c));
			duk_push_tval(ctx, DUK__REGCONSTP(b));  /* -> [ ... escaped_source bytecode ] */
			duk_regexp_create_instance(thr);   /* -> [ ... regexp_instance ] */
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("regexp instance: %!iT", (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));
			duk_replace(ctx, (duk_idx_t) a);
#else
			/* The compiler should never emit DUK_OP_REGEXP if there is no
			 * regexp support.
			 */
			DUK__INTERNAL_ERROR("no regexp support");
#endif

			break;
		}

		case DUK_OP_CSREG:
		case DUK_OP_CSREGI: {
			/*
			 *  Assuming a register binds to a variable declared within this
			 *  function (a declarative binding), the 'this' for the call
			 *  setup is always 'undefined'.  E5 Section 10.2.1.1.6.
			 */

			duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
			duk_small_uint_fast_t b = DUK_DEC_B(ins);  /* restricted to regs */
			duk_uint_fast_t idx;

			/* A -> target register (A, A+1) for call setup
			 *      (for DUK_OP_CSREGI, 'a' is indirect)
			 * B -> register containing target function (not type checked here)
			 */

			/* XXX: direct manipulation, or duk_replace_tval() */

			/* Note: target registers a and a+1 may overlap with DUK__REGP(b).
			 * Careful here.
			 */

			idx = (duk_uint_fast_t) DUK_DEC_A(ins);
			if (DUK_DEC_OP(ins) == DUK_OP_CSREGI) {
				duk_tval *tv_ind = DUK__REGP(idx);
				DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv_ind));
				idx = (duk_uint_fast_t) DUK_TVAL_GET_NUMBER(tv_ind);
			}

#if defined(DUK_USE_EXEC_INDIRECT_BOUND_CHECK)
			if (idx + 2 > (duk_uint_fast_t) duk_get_top(ctx)) {
				/* XXX: use duk_is_valid_index() instead? */
				/* XXX: improve check; check against nregs, not against top */
				DUK__INTERNAL_ERROR("CSREG out of bounds");
			}
#endif

			duk_push_tval(ctx, DUK__REGP(b));
			duk_replace(ctx, (duk_idx_t) idx);
			duk_push_undefined(ctx);
			duk_replace(ctx, (duk_idx_t) (idx + 1));
			break;
		}

		case DUK_OP_GETVAR: {
			duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
			duk_activation *act;
			duk_small_uint_fast_t a = DUK_DEC_A(ins);
			duk_uint_fast_t bc = DUK_DEC_BC(ins);
			duk_tval *tv1;
			duk_hstring *name;

			tv1 = DUK__CONSTP(bc);
			DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_STRING(tv1));
			name = DUK_TVAL_GET_STRING(tv1);
			DUK_ASSERT(name != NULL);
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("GETVAR: '%!O'", (duk_heaphdr *) name));
			act = thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top - 1;
			(void) duk_js_getvar_activation(thr, act, name, 1 /*throw*/);  /* -> [... val this] */

			duk_pop(ctx);  /* 'this' binding is not needed here */
			duk_replace(ctx, (duk_idx_t) a);
			break;
		}

		case DUK_OP_PUTVAR: {
			duk_activation *act;
			duk_small_uint_fast_t a = DUK_DEC_A(ins);
			duk_uint_fast_t bc = DUK_DEC_BC(ins);
			duk_tval *tv1;
			duk_hstring *name;

			tv1 = DUK__CONSTP(bc);
			DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_STRING(tv1));
			name = DUK_TVAL_GET_STRING(tv1);
			DUK_ASSERT(name != NULL);

			/* XXX: putvar takes a duk_tval pointer, which is awkward and
			 * should be reworked.
			 */

			tv1 = DUK__REGP(a);  /* val */
			act = thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top - 1;
			duk_js_putvar_activation(thr, act, name, tv1, DUK__STRICT());
			break;
		}

		case DUK_OP_DECLVAR: {
			duk_activation *act;
			duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
			duk_small_uint_fast_t a = DUK_DEC_A(ins);
			duk_small_uint_fast_t b = DUK_DEC_B(ins);
			duk_small_uint_fast_t c = DUK_DEC_C(ins);
			duk_tval *tv1;
			duk_hstring *name;
			duk_small_uint_t prop_flags;
			duk_bool_t is_func_decl;
			duk_bool_t is_undef_value;

			tv1 = DUK__REGCONSTP(b);
			DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_STRING(tv1));
			name = DUK_TVAL_GET_STRING(tv1);
			DUK_ASSERT(name != NULL);

			is_undef_value = ((a & DUK_BC_DECLVAR_FLAG_UNDEF_VALUE) != 0);
			is_func_decl = ((a & DUK_BC_DECLVAR_FLAG_FUNC_DECL) != 0);

			/* XXX: declvar takes an duk_tval pointer, which is awkward and
			 * should be reworked.
			 */

			/* Compiler is responsible for selecting property flags (configurability,
			 * writability, etc).
			 */
			prop_flags = a & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_MASK;

			if (is_undef_value) {
				duk_push_undefined(ctx);
			} else {
				duk_push_tval(ctx, DUK__REGCONSTP(c));
			}
			tv1 = DUK_GET_TVAL_NEGIDX(ctx, -1);

			act = thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top - 1;
			if (duk_js_declvar_activation(thr, act, name, tv1, prop_flags, is_func_decl)) {
				/* already declared, must update binding value */
				tv1 = DUK_GET_TVAL_NEGIDX(ctx, -1);
				duk_js_putvar_activation(thr, act, name, tv1, DUK__STRICT());
			}

			duk_pop(ctx);
			break;
		}

		case DUK_OP_DELVAR: {
			duk_activation *act;
			duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
			duk_small_uint_fast_t a = DUK_DEC_A(ins);
			duk_small_uint_fast_t b = DUK_DEC_B(ins);
			duk_tval *tv1;
			duk_hstring *name;
			duk_bool_t rc;

			tv1 = DUK__REGCONSTP(b);
			DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_STRING(tv1));
			name = DUK_TVAL_GET_STRING(tv1);
			DUK_ASSERT(name != NULL);
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("DELVAR '%!O'", (duk_heaphdr *) name));
			act = thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top - 1;
			rc = duk_js_delvar_activation(thr, act, name);

			duk_push_boolean(ctx, rc);
			duk_replace(ctx, (duk_idx_t) a);
			break;
		}

		case DUK_OP_CSVAR:
		case DUK_OP_CSVARI: {
			/* 'this' value:
			 * E5 Section 6.b.i
			 *
			 * The only (standard) case where the 'this' binding is non-null is when
			 *   (1) the variable is found in an object environment record, and
			 *   (2) that object environment record is a 'with' block.
			 *
			 */

			duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
			duk_activation *act;
			duk_small_uint_fast_t b = DUK_DEC_B(ins);
			duk_uint_fast_t idx;
			duk_tval *tv1;
			duk_hstring *name;

			tv1 = DUK__REGCONSTP(b);
			DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_STRING(tv1));
			name = DUK_TVAL_GET_STRING(tv1);
			DUK_ASSERT(name != NULL);
			act = thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top - 1;
			(void) duk_js_getvar_activation(thr, act, name, 1 /*throw*/);  /* -> [... val this] */

			/* Note: target registers a and a+1 may overlap with DUK__REGCONSTP(b)
			 * and DUK__REGCONSTP(c).  Careful here.
			 */

			idx = (duk_uint_fast_t) DUK_DEC_A(ins);
			if (DUK_DEC_OP(ins) == DUK_OP_CSVARI) {
				duk_tval *tv_ind = DUK__REGP(idx);
				DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv_ind));
				idx = (duk_uint_fast_t) DUK_TVAL_GET_NUMBER(tv_ind);
			}

#if defined(DUK_USE_EXEC_INDIRECT_BOUND_CHECK)
			if (idx + 2 > (duk_uint_fast_t) duk_get_top(ctx)) {
				/* XXX: use duk_is_valid_index() instead? */
				/* XXX: improve check; check against nregs, not against top */
				DUK__INTERNAL_ERROR("CSVAR out of bounds");
			}
#endif

			duk_replace(ctx, (duk_idx_t) (idx + 1));  /* 'this' binding */
			duk_replace(ctx, (duk_idx_t) idx);        /* variable value (function, we hope, not checked here) */
			break;
		}

		case DUK_OP_CLOSURE: {
			duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
			duk_activation *act;
			duk_hcompiledfunction *fun;
			duk_small_uint_fast_t a = DUK_DEC_A(ins);
			duk_uint_fast_t bc = DUK_DEC_BC(ins);
			duk_hobject *fun_temp;

			/* A -> target reg
			 * BC -> inner function index
			 */

			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("CLOSURE to target register %ld, fnum %ld (count %ld)",
			                     (long) a, (long) bc, (long) DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_FUNCS_COUNT(thr->heap, DUK__FUN())));

			DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(bc >= 0); /* unsigned */
			DUK_ASSERT((duk_uint_t) bc < (duk_uint_t) DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_FUNCS_COUNT(thr->heap, DUK__FUN()));

			act = thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top - 1;
			fun = (duk_hcompiledfunction *) DUK_ACT_GET_FUNC(act);
			fun_temp = DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_FUNCS_BASE(thr->heap, fun)[bc];
			DUK_ASSERT(fun_temp != NULL);
			DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_IS_COMPILEDFUNCTION(fun_temp));

			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("CLOSURE: function template is: %p -> %!O",
			                     (void *) fun_temp, (duk_heaphdr *) fun_temp));

			if (act->lex_env == NULL) {
				DUK_ASSERT(act->var_env == NULL);
				duk_js_init_activation_environment_records_delayed(thr, act);
			}
			DUK_ASSERT(act->lex_env != NULL);
			DUK_ASSERT(act->var_env != NULL);

			/* functions always have a NEWENV flag, i.e. they get a
			 * new variable declaration environment, so only lex_env
			 * matters here.
			 */
			duk_js_push_closure(thr,
			                    (duk_hcompiledfunction *) fun_temp,
			                    act->var_env,
			                    act->lex_env,
			                    1 /*add_auto_proto*/);
			duk_replace(ctx, (duk_idx_t) a);

			break;
		}

		case DUK_OP_GETPROP: {
			duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
			duk_small_uint_fast_t a = DUK_DEC_A(ins);
			duk_small_uint_fast_t b = DUK_DEC_B(ins);
			duk_small_uint_fast_t c = DUK_DEC_C(ins);
			duk_tval *tv_obj;
			duk_tval *tv_key;
			duk_bool_t rc;

			/* A -> target reg
			 * B -> object reg/const (may be const e.g. in "'foo'[1]")
			 * C -> key reg/const
			 */

			tv_obj = DUK__REGCONSTP(b);
			tv_key = DUK__REGCONSTP(c);
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("GETPROP: a=%ld obj=%!T, key=%!T",
			                     (long) a,
			                     (duk_tval *) DUK__REGCONSTP(b),
			                     (duk_tval *) DUK__REGCONSTP(c)));
			rc = duk_hobject_getprop(thr, tv_obj, tv_key);  /* -> [val] */
			DUK_UNREF(rc);  /* ignore */
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("GETPROP --> %!T",
			                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));
			tv_obj = NULL;  /* invalidated */
			tv_key = NULL;  /* invalidated */

			duk_replace(ctx, (duk_idx_t) a);    /* val */
			break;
		}

		case DUK_OP_PUTPROP: {
			duk_small_uint_fast_t a = DUK_DEC_A(ins);
			duk_small_uint_fast_t b = DUK_DEC_B(ins);
			duk_small_uint_fast_t c = DUK_DEC_C(ins);
			duk_tval *tv_obj;
			duk_tval *tv_key;
			duk_tval *tv_val;
			duk_bool_t rc;

			/* A -> object reg
			 * B -> key reg/const
			 * C -> value reg/const
			 *
			 * Note: intentional difference to register arrangement
			 * of e.g. GETPROP; 'A' must contain a register-only value.
			 */

			tv_obj = DUK__REGP(a);
			tv_key = DUK__REGCONSTP(b);
			tv_val = DUK__REGCONSTP(c);
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("PUTPROP: obj=%!T, key=%!T, val=%!T",
			                     (duk_tval *) DUK__REGP(a),
			                     (duk_tval *) DUK__REGCONSTP(b),
			                     (duk_tval *) DUK__REGCONSTP(c)));
			rc = duk_hobject_putprop(thr, tv_obj, tv_key, tv_val, DUK__STRICT());
			DUK_UNREF(rc);  /* ignore */
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("PUTPROP --> obj=%!T, key=%!T, val=%!T",
			                     (duk_tval *) DUK__REGP(a),
			                     (duk_tval *) DUK__REGCONSTP(b),
			                     (duk_tval *) DUK__REGCONSTP(c)));
			tv_obj = NULL;  /* invalidated */
			tv_key = NULL;  /* invalidated */
			tv_val = NULL;  /* invalidated */

			break;
		}

		case DUK_OP_DELPROP: {
			duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
			duk_small_uint_fast_t a = DUK_DEC_A(ins);
			duk_small_uint_fast_t b = DUK_DEC_B(ins);
			duk_small_uint_fast_t c = DUK_DEC_C(ins);
			duk_tval *tv_obj;
			duk_tval *tv_key;
			duk_bool_t rc;

			/* A -> result reg
			 * B -> object reg
			 * C -> key reg/const
			 */

			tv_obj = DUK__REGP(b);
			tv_key = DUK__REGCONSTP(c);
			rc = duk_hobject_delprop(thr, tv_obj, tv_key, DUK__STRICT());
			tv_obj = NULL;  /* invalidated */
			tv_key = NULL;  /* invalidated */

			duk_push_boolean(ctx, rc);
			duk_replace(ctx, (duk_idx_t) a);    /* result */
			break;
		}

		case DUK_OP_CSPROP:
		case DUK_OP_CSPROPI: {
			duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
			duk_small_uint_fast_t b = DUK_DEC_B(ins);
			duk_small_uint_fast_t c = DUK_DEC_C(ins);
			duk_uint_fast_t idx;
			duk_tval *tv_obj;
			duk_tval *tv_key;
			duk_bool_t rc;

			/* E5 Section 11.2.3, step 6.a.i */
			/* E5 Section 10.4.3 */

			/* XXX: allow object to be a const, e.g. in 'foo'.toString()?
			 * On the other hand, DUK_REGCONSTP() is slower and generates
			 * more code.
			 */

			tv_obj = DUK__REGP(b);
			tv_key = DUK__REGCONSTP(c);
			rc = duk_hobject_getprop(thr, tv_obj, tv_key);  /* -> [val] */
			DUK_UNREF(rc);  /* unused */
			tv_obj = NULL;  /* invalidated */
			tv_key = NULL;  /* invalidated */

			/* Note: target registers a and a+1 may overlap with DUK__REGP(b)
			 * and DUK__REGCONSTP(c).  Careful here.
			 */

			idx = (duk_uint_fast_t) DUK_DEC_A(ins);
			if (DUK_DEC_OP(ins) == DUK_OP_CSPROPI) {
				duk_tval *tv_ind = DUK__REGP(idx);
				DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv_ind));
				idx = (duk_uint_fast_t) DUK_TVAL_GET_NUMBER(tv_ind);
			}

#if defined(DUK_USE_EXEC_INDIRECT_BOUND_CHECK)
			if (idx + 2 > (duk_uint_fast_t) duk_get_top(ctx)) {
				/* XXX: use duk_is_valid_index() instead? */
				/* XXX: improve check; check against nregs, not against top */
				DUK__INTERNAL_ERROR("CSPROP out of bounds");
			}
#endif

			duk_push_tval(ctx, DUK__REGP(b));         /* [ ... val obj ] */
			duk_replace(ctx, (duk_idx_t) (idx + 1));  /* 'this' binding */
			duk_replace(ctx, (duk_idx_t) idx);        /* val */
			break;
		}

		case DUK_OP_ADD:
		case DUK_OP_SUB:
		case DUK_OP_MUL:
		case DUK_OP_DIV:
		case DUK_OP_MOD: {
			duk_small_uint_fast_t a = DUK_DEC_A(ins);
			duk_small_uint_fast_t b = DUK_DEC_B(ins);
			duk_small_uint_fast_t c = DUK_DEC_C(ins);
			duk_small_uint_fast_t op = DUK_DEC_OP(ins);

			if (op == DUK_OP_ADD) {
				/*
				 *  Handling DUK_OP_ADD this way is more compact (experimentally)
				 *  than a separate case with separate argument decoding.
				 */
				duk__vm_arith_add(thr, DUK__REGCONSTP(b), DUK__REGCONSTP(c), a);
			} else {
				duk__vm_arith_binary_op(thr, DUK__REGCONSTP(b), DUK__REGCONSTP(c), a, op);
			}
			break;
		}

		case DUK_OP_BAND:
		case DUK_OP_BOR:
		case DUK_OP_BXOR:
		case DUK_OP_BASL:
		case DUK_OP_BLSR:
		case DUK_OP_BASR: {
			duk_small_uint_fast_t a = DUK_DEC_A(ins);
			duk_small_uint_fast_t b = DUK_DEC_B(ins);
			duk_small_uint_fast_t c = DUK_DEC_C(ins);
			duk_small_uint_fast_t op = DUK_DEC_OP(ins);

			duk__vm_bitwise_binary_op(thr, DUK__REGCONSTP(b), DUK__REGCONSTP(c), a, op);
			break;
		}

		case DUK_OP_EQ:
		case DUK_OP_NEQ: {
			duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
			duk_small_uint_fast_t a = DUK_DEC_A(ins);
			duk_small_uint_fast_t b = DUK_DEC_B(ins);
			duk_small_uint_fast_t c = DUK_DEC_C(ins);
			duk_bool_t tmp;

			/* E5 Sections 11.9.1, 11.9.3 */
			tmp = duk_js_equals(thr, DUK__REGCONSTP(b), DUK__REGCONSTP(c));
			if (DUK_DEC_OP(ins) == DUK_OP_NEQ) {
				tmp = !tmp;
			}
			duk_push_boolean(ctx, tmp);
			duk_replace(ctx, (duk_idx_t) a);
			break;
		}

		case DUK_OP_SEQ:
		case DUK_OP_SNEQ: {
			duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
			duk_small_uint_fast_t a = DUK_DEC_A(ins);
			duk_small_uint_fast_t b = DUK_DEC_B(ins);
			duk_small_uint_fast_t c = DUK_DEC_C(ins);
			duk_bool_t tmp;

			/* E5 Sections 11.9.1, 11.9.3 */
			tmp = duk_js_strict_equals(DUK__REGCONSTP(b), DUK__REGCONSTP(c));
			if (DUK_DEC_OP(ins) == DUK_OP_SNEQ) {
				tmp = !tmp;
			}
			duk_push_boolean(ctx, tmp);
			duk_replace(ctx, (duk_idx_t) a);
			break;
		}

		/* Note: combining comparison ops must be done carefully because
		 * of uncomparable values (NaN): it's not necessarily true that
		 * (x >= y) === !(x < y).  Also, evaluation order matters, and
		 * although it would only seem to affect the compiler this is
		 * actually not the case, because there are also run-time coercions
		 * of the arguments (with potential side effects).
		 *
		 * XXX: can be combined; check code size.
		 */

		case DUK_OP_GT: {
			duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
			duk_small_uint_fast_t a = DUK_DEC_A(ins);
			duk_small_uint_fast_t b = DUK_DEC_B(ins);
			duk_small_uint_fast_t c = DUK_DEC_C(ins);
			duk_bool_t tmp;

			/* x > y  -->  y < x */
			tmp = duk_js_compare_helper(thr,
			                            DUK__REGCONSTP(c),  /* y */
			                            DUK__REGCONSTP(b),  /* x */
			                            0);                 /* flags */

			duk_push_boolean(ctx, tmp);
			duk_replace(ctx, (duk_idx_t) a);
			break;
		}

		case DUK_OP_GE: {
			duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
			duk_small_uint_fast_t a = DUK_DEC_A(ins);
			duk_small_uint_fast_t b = DUK_DEC_B(ins);
			duk_small_uint_fast_t c = DUK_DEC_C(ins);
			duk_bool_t tmp;

			/* x >= y  -->  not (x < y) */
			tmp = duk_js_compare_helper(thr,
			                            DUK__REGCONSTP(b),  /* x */
			                            DUK__REGCONSTP(c),  /* y */
			                            DUK_COMPARE_FLAG_EVAL_LEFT_FIRST |
			                            DUK_COMPARE_FLAG_NEGATE);  /* flags */

			duk_push_boolean(ctx, tmp);
			duk_replace(ctx, (duk_idx_t) a);
			break;
		}

		case DUK_OP_LT: {
			duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
			duk_small_uint_fast_t a = DUK_DEC_A(ins);
			duk_small_uint_fast_t b = DUK_DEC_B(ins);
			duk_small_uint_fast_t c = DUK_DEC_C(ins);
			duk_bool_t tmp;

			/* x < y */
			tmp = duk_js_compare_helper(thr,
			                            DUK__REGCONSTP(b),  /* x */
			                            DUK__REGCONSTP(c),  /* y */
			                            DUK_COMPARE_FLAG_EVAL_LEFT_FIRST);  /* flags */

			duk_push_boolean(ctx, tmp);
			duk_replace(ctx, (duk_idx_t) a);
			break;
		}

		case DUK_OP_LE: {
			duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
			duk_small_uint_fast_t a = DUK_DEC_A(ins);
			duk_small_uint_fast_t b = DUK_DEC_B(ins);
			duk_small_uint_fast_t c = DUK_DEC_C(ins);
			duk_bool_t tmp;

			/* x <= y  -->  not (x > y)  -->  not (y < x) */
			tmp = duk_js_compare_helper(thr,
			                            DUK__REGCONSTP(c),  /* y */
			                            DUK__REGCONSTP(b),  /* x */
			                            DUK_COMPARE_FLAG_NEGATE);  /* flags */

			duk_push_boolean(ctx, tmp);
			duk_replace(ctx, (duk_idx_t) a);
			break;
		}

		case DUK_OP_IF: {
			duk_small_uint_fast_t a = DUK_DEC_A(ins);
			duk_small_uint_fast_t b = DUK_DEC_B(ins);
			duk_bool_t tmp;

			tmp = duk_js_toboolean(DUK__REGCONSTP(b));
			if (tmp == (duk_bool_t) a) {
				/* if boolean matches A, skip next inst */
				curr_pc++;
			} else {
				;
			}
			break;
		}

		case DUK_OP_JUMP: {
			duk_int_fast_t abc = DUK_DEC_ABC(ins);

			curr_pc += abc - DUK_BC_JUMP_BIAS;
			break;
		}

		case DUK_OP_RETURN: {
			duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
			duk_small_uint_fast_t a = DUK_DEC_A(ins);
			duk_small_uint_fast_t b = DUK_DEC_B(ins);
			/* duk_small_uint_fast_t c = DUK_DEC_C(ins); */
			duk_small_uint_t ret_result;

			/* A -> flags
			 * B -> return value reg/const
			 * C -> currently unused
			 */

			DUK__SYNC_AND_NULL_CURR_PC();

			/* duk__handle_return() is guaranteed never to throw, except
			 * for potential out-of-memory situations which will then
			 * propagate out of the executor longjmp handler.
			 */

			if (a & DUK_BC_RETURN_FLAG_HAVE_RETVAL) {
				duk_push_tval(ctx, DUK__REGCONSTP(b));
			} else {
				duk_push_undefined(ctx);
			}
			ret_result = duk__handle_return(thr,
				                        entry_thread,
				                        entry_callstack_top);
			if (ret_result == DUK__RETHAND_RESTART) {
				goto restart_execution;
			}
			DUK_ASSERT(ret_result == DUK__RETHAND_FINISHED);

			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("exiting executor after RETURN handling"));
			return;
		}

		case DUK_OP_CALL:
		case DUK_OP_CALLI: {
			duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
			duk_small_uint_fast_t a = DUK_DEC_A(ins);
			duk_small_uint_fast_t c = DUK_DEC_C(ins);
			duk_uint_fast_t idx;
			duk_small_uint_t call_flags;
			duk_small_uint_t flag_tailcall;
			duk_small_uint_t flag_evalcall;
			duk_tval *tv_func;
			duk_hobject *obj_func;
			duk_bool_t setup_rc;
			duk_idx_t num_stack_args;
#if !defined(DUK_USE_EXEC_FUN_LOCAL)
			duk_hcompiledfunction *fun;
#endif

			/* A -> flags
			 * B -> base register for call (base -> func, base+1 -> this, base+2 -> arg1 ... base+2+N-1 -> argN)
			 *      (for DUK_OP_CALLI, 'b' is indirect)
			 * C -> nargs
			 */

			/* these are not necessarily 0 or 1 (may be other non-zero), that's ok */
			flag_tailcall = (a & DUK_BC_CALL_FLAG_TAILCALL);
			flag_evalcall = (a & DUK_BC_CALL_FLAG_EVALCALL);

			idx = (duk_uint_fast_t) DUK_DEC_B(ins);
			if (DUK_DEC_OP(ins) == DUK_OP_CALLI) {
				duk_tval *tv_ind = DUK__REGP(idx);
				DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv_ind));
				idx = (duk_uint_fast_t) DUK_TVAL_GET_NUMBER(tv_ind);
			}

#if defined(DUK_USE_EXEC_INDIRECT_BOUND_CHECK)
			if (!duk_is_valid_index(ctx, (duk_idx_t) idx)) {
				/* XXX: improve check; check against nregs, not against top */
				DUK__INTERNAL_ERROR("CALL out of bounds");
			}
#endif

			/*
			 *  To determine whether to use an optimized Ecmascript-to-Ecmascript
			 *  call, we need to know whether the final, non-bound function is an
			 *  Ecmascript function.
			 *
			 *  This is now implemented so that we start to do an ecma-to-ecma call
			 *  setup which will resolve the bound chain as the first thing.  If the
			 *  final function is not eligible, the return value indicates that the
			 *  ecma-to-ecma call is not possible.  The setup will overwrite the call
			 *  target at DUK__REGP(idx) with the final, non-bound function (which
			 *  may be a lightfunc), and fudge arguments if necessary.
			 *
			 *  XXX: If an ecma-to-ecma call is not possible, this initial call
			 *  setup will do bound function chain resolution but won't do the
			 *  "effective this binding" resolution which is quite confusing.
			 *  Perhaps add a helper for doing bound function and effective this
			 *  binding resolution - and call that explicitly?  Ecma-to-ecma call
			 *  setup and normal function handling can then assume this prestep has
			 *  been done by the caller.
			 */

			duk_set_top(ctx, (duk_idx_t) (idx + c + 2));   /* [ ... func this arg1 ... argN ] */

			call_flags = 0;
			if (flag_tailcall) {
				/* We request a tail call, but in some corner cases
				 * call handling can decide that a tail call is
				 * actually not possible.
				 * See: test-bug-tailcall-preventyield-assert.c.
				 */
				call_flags |= DUK_CALL_FLAG_IS_TAILCALL;
			}

			/* Compared to duk_handle_call():
			 *   - protected call: never
			 *   - ignore recursion limit: never
			 */
			num_stack_args = c;
			setup_rc = duk_handle_ecma_call_setup(thr,
			                                      num_stack_args,
			                                      call_flags);

			if (setup_rc) {
				/* Ecma-to-ecma call possible, may or may not be a tail call.
				 * Avoid C recursion by being clever.
				 */
				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("ecma-to-ecma call setup possible, restart execution"));
				/* curr_pc synced by duk_handle_ecma_call_setup() */
				goto restart_execution;
			}
			DUK_ASSERT(thr->ptr_curr_pc != NULL);  /* restored if ecma-to-ecma setup fails */

			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("ecma-to-ecma call not possible, target is native (may be lightfunc)"));

			/* Recompute argument count: bound function handling may have shifted. */
			num_stack_args = duk_get_top(ctx) - (idx + 2);
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("recomputed arg count: %ld\n", (long) num_stack_args));

			tv_func = DUK__REGP(idx);  /* Relookup if relocated */
			if (DUK_TVAL_IS_LIGHTFUNC(tv_func)) {

				call_flags = 0;  /* not protected, respect reclimit, not constructor */

				/* There is no eval() special handling here: eval() is never
				 * automatically converted to a lightfunc.
				 */
				DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_GET_LIGHTFUNC_FUNCPTR(tv_func) != duk_bi_global_object_eval);

				duk_handle_call_unprotected(thr,
				                            num_stack_args,
				                            call_flags);

				/* duk_js_call.c is required to restore the stack reserve
				 * so we only need to reset the top.
				 */
#if !defined(DUK_USE_EXEC_FUN_LOCAL)
				fun = DUK__FUN();
#endif
				duk_set_top(ctx, (duk_idx_t) fun->nregs);

				/* No need to reinit setjmp() catchpoint, as call handling
				 * will store and restore our state.
				 */
			} else {
				/* Call setup checks callability. */
				DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_OBJECT(tv_func));
				obj_func = DUK_TVAL_GET_OBJECT(tv_func);
				DUK_ASSERT(obj_func != NULL);
				DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_BOUND(obj_func));

				/*
				 *  Other cases, use C recursion.
				 *
				 *  If a tail call was requested we ignore it and execute a normal call.
				 *  Since Duktape 0.11.0 the compiler emits a RETURN opcode even after
				 *  a tail call to avoid test-bug-tailcall-thread-yield-resume.js.
				 *
				 *  Direct eval call: (1) call target (before following bound function
				 *  chain) is the built-in eval() function, and (2) call was made with
				 *  the identifier 'eval'.
				 */

				call_flags = 0;  /* not protected, respect reclimit, not constructor */

				if (DUK_HOBJECT_IS_NATIVEFUNCTION(obj_func) &&
				    ((duk_hnativefunction *) obj_func)->func == duk_bi_global_object_eval) {
					if (flag_evalcall) {
						DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("call target is eval, call identifier was 'eval' -> direct eval"));
						call_flags |= DUK_CALL_FLAG_DIRECT_EVAL;
					} else {
						DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("call target is eval, call identifier was not 'eval' -> indirect eval"));
					}
				}

				duk_handle_call_unprotected(thr,
				                            num_stack_args,
				                            call_flags);

				/* duk_js_call.c is required to restore the stack reserve
				 * so we only need to reset the top.
				 */
#if !defined(DUK_USE_EXEC_FUN_LOCAL)
				fun = DUK__FUN();
#endif
				duk_set_top(ctx, (duk_idx_t) fun->nregs);

				/* No need to reinit setjmp() catchpoint, as call handling
				 * will store and restore our state.
				 */
			}

			/* When debugger is enabled, we need to recheck the activation
			 * status after returning.  This is now handled by call handling
			 * and heap->dbg_force_restart.
			 */
			break;
		}

		case DUK_OP_TRYCATCH: {
			duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
			duk_activation *act;
			duk_catcher *cat;
			duk_tval *tv1;
			duk_small_uint_fast_t a;
			duk_uint_fast_t bc;

			/* A -> flags
			 * BC -> reg_catch; base register for two registers used both during
			 *       trycatch setup and when catch is triggered
			 *
			 *      If DUK_BC_TRYCATCH_FLAG_CATCH_BINDING set:
			 *          reg_catch + 0: catch binding variable name (string).
			 *          Automatic declarative environment is established for
			 *          the duration of the 'catch' clause.
			 *
			 *      If DUK_BC_TRYCATCH_FLAG_WITH_BINDING set:
			 *          reg_catch + 0: with 'target value', which is coerced to
			 *          an object and then used as a bindind object for an
			 *          environment record.  The binding is initialized here, for
			 *          the 'try' clause.
			 *
			 * Note that a TRYCATCH generated for a 'with' statement has no
			 * catch or finally parts.
			 */

			/* XXX: TRYCATCH handling should be reworked to avoid creating
			 * an explicit scope unless it is actually needed (e.g. function
			 * instances or eval is executed inside the catch block).  This
			 * rework is not trivial because the compiler doesn't have an
			 * intermediate representation.  When the rework is done, the
			 * opcode format can also be made more straightforward.
			 */

			/* XXX: side effect handling is quite awkward here */

			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("TRYCATCH: reg_catch=%ld, have_catch=%ld, "
			                     "have_finally=%ld, catch_binding=%ld, with_binding=%ld (flags=0x%02lx)",
			                     (long) DUK_DEC_BC(ins),
			                     (long) (DUK_DEC_A(ins) & DUK_BC_TRYCATCH_FLAG_HAVE_CATCH ? 1 : 0),
			                     (long) (DUK_DEC_A(ins) & DUK_BC_TRYCATCH_FLAG_HAVE_FINALLY ? 1 : 0),
			                     (long) (DUK_DEC_A(ins) & DUK_BC_TRYCATCH_FLAG_CATCH_BINDING ? 1 : 0),
			                     (long) (DUK_DEC_A(ins) & DUK_BC_TRYCATCH_FLAG_WITH_BINDING ? 1 : 0),
			                     (unsigned long) DUK_DEC_A(ins)));

			a = DUK_DEC_A(ins);
			bc = DUK_DEC_BC(ins);

			act = thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top - 1;
			DUK_ASSERT(thr->callstack_top >= 1);

			/* 'with' target must be created first, in case we run out of memory */
			/* XXX: refactor out? */

			if (a & DUK_BC_TRYCATCH_FLAG_WITH_BINDING) {
				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("need to initialize a with binding object"));

				if (act->lex_env == NULL) {
					DUK_ASSERT(act->var_env == NULL);
					DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("delayed environment initialization"));

					/* must relookup act in case of side effects */
					duk_js_init_activation_environment_records_delayed(thr, act);
					act = thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top - 1;
					DUK_UNREF(act);  /* 'act' is no longer accessed, scanbuild fix */
				}
				DUK_ASSERT(act->lex_env != NULL);
				DUK_ASSERT(act->var_env != NULL);

				(void) duk_push_object_helper(ctx,
				                              DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXTENSIBLE |
				                              DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_AS_FLAGS(DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_OBJENV),
				                              -1);  /* no prototype, updated below */

				duk_push_tval(ctx, DUK__REGP(bc));
				duk_to_object(ctx, -1);
				duk_dup(ctx, -1);

				/* [ ... env target ] */
				/* [ ... env target target ] */

				duk_xdef_prop_stridx(thr, -3, DUK_STRIDX_INT_TARGET, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_NONE);
				duk_xdef_prop_stridx(thr, -2, DUK_STRIDX_INT_THIS, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_NONE);  /* always provideThis=true */

				/* [ ... env ] */

				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("environment for with binding: %!iT",
				                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));
			}

			/* allocate catcher and populate it (should be atomic) */

			duk_hthread_catchstack_grow(thr);
			cat = thr->catchstack + thr->catchstack_top;
			DUK_ASSERT(thr->catchstack_top + 1 <= thr->catchstack_size);
			thr->catchstack_top++;

			cat->flags = DUK_CAT_TYPE_TCF;
			cat->h_varname = NULL;

			if (a & DUK_BC_TRYCATCH_FLAG_HAVE_CATCH) {
				cat->flags |= DUK_CAT_FLAG_CATCH_ENABLED;
			}
			if (a & DUK_BC_TRYCATCH_FLAG_HAVE_FINALLY) {
				cat->flags |= DUK_CAT_FLAG_FINALLY_ENABLED;
			}
			if (a & DUK_BC_TRYCATCH_FLAG_CATCH_BINDING) {
				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("catch binding flag set to catcher"));
				cat->flags |= DUK_CAT_FLAG_CATCH_BINDING_ENABLED;
				tv1 = DUK__REGP(bc);
				DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_STRING(tv1));

				/* borrowed reference; although 'tv1' comes from a register,
				 * its value was loaded using LDCONST so the constant will
				 * also exist and be reachable.
				 */
				cat->h_varname = DUK_TVAL_GET_STRING(tv1);
			} else if (a & DUK_BC_TRYCATCH_FLAG_WITH_BINDING) {
				/* env created above to stack top */
				duk_hobject *new_env;

				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("lexenv active flag set to catcher"));
				cat->flags |= DUK_CAT_FLAG_LEXENV_ACTIVE;

				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("activating object env: %!iT",
				                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));
				DUK_ASSERT(act->lex_env != NULL);
				new_env = DUK_GET_HOBJECT_NEGIDX(ctx, -1);
				DUK_ASSERT(new_env != NULL);

				act = thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top - 1;  /* relookup (side effects) */
				DUK_HOBJECT_SET_PROTOTYPE_UPDREF(thr, new_env, act->lex_env);  /* side effects */

				act = thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top - 1;  /* relookup (side effects) */
				act->lex_env = new_env;
				DUK_HOBJECT_INCREF(thr, new_env);
				duk_pop(ctx);
			} else {
				;
			}

			/* Registers 'bc' and 'bc + 1' are written in longjmp handling
			 * and if their previous values (which are temporaries) become
			 * unreachable -and- have a finalizer, there'll be a function
			 * call during error handling which is not supported now (GH-287).
			 * Ensure that both 'bc' and 'bc + 1' have primitive values to
			 * guarantee no finalizer calls in error handling.  Scrubbing also
			 * ensures finalizers for the previous values run here rather than
			 * later.  Error handling related values are also written to 'bc'
			 * and 'bc + 1' but those values never become unreachable during
			 * error handling, so there's no side effect problem even if the
			 * error value has a finalizer.
			 */
			duk_to_undefined(ctx, bc);
			duk_to_undefined(ctx, bc + 1);

			cat = thr->catchstack + thr->catchstack_top - 1;  /* relookup (side effects) */
			cat->callstack_index = thr->callstack_top - 1;
			cat->pc_base = (duk_instr_t *) curr_pc;  /* pre-incremented, points to first jump slot */
			cat->idx_base = (duk_size_t) (thr->valstack_bottom - thr->valstack) + bc;

			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("TRYCATCH catcher: flags=0x%08lx, callstack_index=%ld, pc_base=%ld, "
			                     "idx_base=%ld, h_varname=%!O",
			                     (unsigned long) cat->flags, (long) cat->callstack_index,
			                     (long) cat->pc_base, (long) cat->idx_base, (duk_heaphdr *) cat->h_varname));

			curr_pc += 2;  /* skip jump slots */
			break;
		}

		/* Pre/post inc/dec for register variables, important for loops. */
		case DUK_OP_PREINCR:
		case DUK_OP_PREDECR:
		case DUK_OP_POSTINCR:
		case DUK_OP_POSTDECR: {
			duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
			duk_small_uint_fast_t a = DUK_DEC_A(ins);
			duk_uint_fast_t bc = DUK_DEC_BC(ins);
			duk_tval *tv1, *tv2;
			duk_double_t x, y, z;

			/* Two lowest bits of opcode are used to distinguish
			 * variants.  Bit 0 = inc(0)/dec(1), bit 1 = pre(0)/post(1).
			 */
			DUK_ASSERT((DUK_OP_PREINCR & 0x03) == 0x00);
			DUK_ASSERT((DUK_OP_PREDECR & 0x03) == 0x01);
			DUK_ASSERT((DUK_OP_POSTINCR & 0x03) == 0x02);
			DUK_ASSERT((DUK_OP_POSTDECR & 0x03) == 0x03);

			tv1 = DUK__REGP(bc);
#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
			if (DUK_TVAL_IS_FASTINT(tv1)) {
				duk_int64_t x_fi, y_fi, z_fi;
				x_fi = DUK_TVAL_GET_FASTINT(tv1);
				if (ins & DUK_ENC_OP(0x01)) {
					if (x_fi == DUK_FASTINT_MIN) {
						goto skip_fastint;
					}
					y_fi = x_fi - 1;
				} else {
					if (x_fi == DUK_FASTINT_MAX) {
						goto skip_fastint;
					}
					y_fi = x_fi + 1;
				}

				DUK_TVAL_SET_FASTINT(tv1, y_fi);  /* no need for refcount update */

				tv2 = DUK__REGP(a);
				z_fi = (ins & DUK_ENC_OP(0x02)) ? x_fi : y_fi;
				DUK_TVAL_SET_FASTINT_UPDREF(thr, tv2, z_fi);  /* side effects */
				break;
			}
		 skip_fastint:
#endif
			if (DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv1)) {
				/* Fast path for the case where the register
				 * is a number (e.g. loop counter).
				 */

				x = DUK_TVAL_GET_NUMBER(tv1);
				if (ins & DUK_ENC_OP(0x01)) {
					y = x - 1.0;
				} else {
					y = x + 1.0;
				}

				DUK_TVAL_SET_NUMBER(tv1, y);  /* no need for refcount update */
			} else {
				x = duk_to_number(ctx, bc);

				if (ins & DUK_ENC_OP(0x01)) {
					y = x - 1.0;
				} else {
					y = x + 1.0;
				}

				duk_push_number(ctx, y);
				duk_replace(ctx, bc);
			}

			tv2 = DUK__REGP(a);
			z = (ins & DUK_ENC_OP(0x02)) ? x : y;
			DUK_TVAL_SET_NUMBER_UPDREF(thr, tv2, z);  /* side effects */
			break;
		}

		/* Preinc/predec for var-by-name, slow path. */
		case DUK_OP_PREINCV:
		case DUK_OP_PREDECV:
		case DUK_OP_POSTINCV:
		case DUK_OP_POSTDECV: {
			duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
			duk_activation *act;
			duk_small_uint_fast_t a = DUK_DEC_A(ins);
			duk_uint_fast_t bc = DUK_DEC_BC(ins);
			duk_double_t x, y;
			duk_tval *tv1;
			duk_hstring *name;

			/* Two lowest bits of opcode are used to distinguish
			 * variants.  Bit 0 = inc(0)/dec(1), bit 1 = pre(0)/post(1).
			 */
			DUK_ASSERT((DUK_OP_PREINCV & 0x03) == 0x00);
			DUK_ASSERT((DUK_OP_PREDECV & 0x03) == 0x01);
			DUK_ASSERT((DUK_OP_POSTINCV & 0x03) == 0x02);
			DUK_ASSERT((DUK_OP_POSTDECV & 0x03) == 0x03);

			tv1 = DUK__CONSTP(bc);
			DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_STRING(tv1));
			name = DUK_TVAL_GET_STRING(tv1);
			DUK_ASSERT(name != NULL);
			act = thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top - 1;
			(void) duk_js_getvar_activation(thr, act, name, 1 /*throw*/);  /* -> [... val this] */

			/* XXX: fastint fast path would be very useful here */

			x = duk_to_number(ctx, -2);
			duk_pop_2(ctx);
			if (ins & DUK_ENC_OP(0x01)) {
				y = x - 1.0;
			} else {
				y = x + 1.0;
			}

			duk_push_number(ctx, y);
			tv1 = DUK_GET_TVAL_NEGIDX(ctx, -1);
			DUK_ASSERT(tv1 != NULL);
			duk_js_putvar_activation(thr, act, name, tv1, DUK__STRICT());
			duk_pop(ctx);

			duk_push_number(ctx, (ins & DUK_ENC_OP(0x02)) ? x : y);
			duk_replace(ctx, (duk_idx_t) a);
			break;
		}

		/* Preinc/predec for object properties. */
		case DUK_OP_PREINCP:
		case DUK_OP_PREDECP:
		case DUK_OP_POSTINCP:
		case DUK_OP_POSTDECP: {
			duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
			duk_small_uint_fast_t a = DUK_DEC_A(ins);
			duk_small_uint_fast_t b = DUK_DEC_B(ins);
			duk_small_uint_fast_t c = DUK_DEC_C(ins);
			duk_tval *tv_obj;
			duk_tval *tv_key;
			duk_tval *tv_val;
			duk_bool_t rc;
			duk_double_t x, y;

			/* A -> target reg
			 * B -> object reg/const (may be const e.g. in "'foo'[1]")
			 * C -> key reg/const
			 */

			/* Two lowest bits of opcode are used to distinguish
			 * variants.  Bit 0 = inc(0)/dec(1), bit 1 = pre(0)/post(1).
			 */
			DUK_ASSERT((DUK_OP_PREINCP & 0x03) == 0x00);
			DUK_ASSERT((DUK_OP_PREDECP & 0x03) == 0x01);
			DUK_ASSERT((DUK_OP_POSTINCP & 0x03) == 0x02);
			DUK_ASSERT((DUK_OP_POSTDECP & 0x03) == 0x03);

			tv_obj = DUK__REGCONSTP(b);
			tv_key = DUK__REGCONSTP(c);
			rc = duk_hobject_getprop(thr, tv_obj, tv_key);  /* -> [val] */
			DUK_UNREF(rc);  /* ignore */
			tv_obj = NULL;  /* invalidated */
			tv_key = NULL;  /* invalidated */

			x = duk_to_number(ctx, -1);
			duk_pop(ctx);
			if (ins & DUK_ENC_OP(0x01)) {
				y = x - 1.0;
			} else {
				y = x + 1.0;
			}

			duk_push_number(ctx, y);
			tv_val = DUK_GET_TVAL_NEGIDX(ctx, -1);
			DUK_ASSERT(tv_val != NULL);
			tv_obj = DUK__REGCONSTP(b);
			tv_key = DUK__REGCONSTP(c);
			rc = duk_hobject_putprop(thr, tv_obj, tv_key, tv_val, DUK__STRICT());
			DUK_UNREF(rc);  /* ignore */
			tv_obj = NULL;  /* invalidated */
			tv_key = NULL;  /* invalidated */
			duk_pop(ctx);

			duk_push_number(ctx, (ins & DUK_ENC_OP(0x02)) ? x : y);
			duk_replace(ctx, (duk_idx_t) a);
			break;
		}

		case DUK_OP_EXTRA: {
			/* XXX: shared decoding of 'b' and 'c'? */

			duk_small_uint_fast_t extraop = DUK_DEC_A(ins);
			switch ((int) extraop) {
			/* XXX: switch cast? */

			case DUK_EXTRAOP_NOP: {
				/* nop */
				break;
			}

			case DUK_EXTRAOP_INVALID: {
				DUK_ERROR_FMT1(thr, DUK_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR, "INVALID opcode (%ld)", (long) DUK_DEC_BC(ins));
				break;
			}

			case DUK_EXTRAOP_LDTHIS: {
				/* Note: 'this' may be bound to any value, not just an object */
				duk_uint_fast_t bc = DUK_DEC_BC(ins);
				duk_tval *tv1, *tv2;

				tv1 = DUK__REGP(bc);
				tv2 = thr->valstack_bottom - 1;  /* 'this binding' is just under bottom */
				DUK_ASSERT(tv2 >= thr->valstack);

				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("LDTHIS: %!T to r%ld", (duk_tval *) tv2, (long) bc));

				DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL_UPDREF_FAST(thr, tv1, tv2);  /* side effects */
				break;
			}

			case DUK_EXTRAOP_LDUNDEF: {
				duk_uint_fast_t bc = DUK_DEC_BC(ins);
				duk_tval *tv1;

				tv1 = DUK__REGP(bc);
				DUK_TVAL_SET_UNDEFINED_UPDREF(thr, tv1);  /* side effects */
				break;
			}

			case DUK_EXTRAOP_LDNULL: {
				duk_uint_fast_t bc = DUK_DEC_BC(ins);
				duk_tval *tv1;

				tv1 = DUK__REGP(bc);
				DUK_TVAL_SET_NULL_UPDREF(thr, tv1);  /* side effects */
				break;
			}

			case DUK_EXTRAOP_LDTRUE:
			case DUK_EXTRAOP_LDFALSE: {
				duk_uint_fast_t bc = DUK_DEC_BC(ins);
				duk_tval *tv1;
				duk_small_uint_fast_t bval = (extraop == DUK_EXTRAOP_LDTRUE ? 1 : 0);

				tv1 = DUK__REGP(bc);
				DUK_TVAL_SET_BOOLEAN_UPDREF(thr, tv1, bval);  /* side effects */
				break;
			}

			case DUK_EXTRAOP_NEWOBJ: {
				duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
				duk_small_uint_fast_t b = DUK_DEC_B(ins);

				duk_push_object(ctx);
				duk_replace(ctx, (duk_idx_t) b);
				break;
			}

			case DUK_EXTRAOP_NEWARR: {
				duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
				duk_small_uint_fast_t b = DUK_DEC_B(ins);

				duk_push_array(ctx);
				duk_replace(ctx, (duk_idx_t) b);
				break;
			}

			case DUK_EXTRAOP_SETALEN: {
				duk_small_uint_fast_t b;
				duk_small_uint_fast_t c;
				duk_tval *tv1;
				duk_hobject *h;
				duk_uint32_t len;

				b = DUK_DEC_B(ins); tv1 = DUK__REGP(b);
				DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_OBJECT(tv1));
				h = DUK_TVAL_GET_OBJECT(tv1);

				c = DUK_DEC_C(ins); tv1 = DUK__REGP(c);
				DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv1));
				len = (duk_uint32_t) DUK_TVAL_GET_NUMBER(tv1);

				duk_hobject_set_length(thr, h, len);

				break;
			}

			case DUK_EXTRAOP_TYPEOF: {
				duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
				duk_uint_fast_t bc = DUK_DEC_BC(ins);
				duk_push_hstring(ctx, duk_js_typeof(thr, DUK__REGP(bc)));
				duk_replace(ctx, (duk_idx_t) bc);
				break;
			}

			case DUK_EXTRAOP_TYPEOFID: {
				duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
				duk_activation *act;
				duk_small_uint_fast_t b = DUK_DEC_B(ins);
				duk_small_uint_fast_t c = DUK_DEC_C(ins);
				duk_hstring *name;
				duk_tval *tv;

				/* B -> target register
				 * C -> constant index of identifier name
				 */

				tv = DUK__REGCONSTP(c);  /* XXX: this could be a DUK__CONSTP instead */
				DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_STRING(tv));
				name = DUK_TVAL_GET_STRING(tv);
				act = thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top - 1;
				if (duk_js_getvar_activation(thr, act, name, 0 /*throw*/)) {
					/* -> [... val this] */
					tv = DUK_GET_TVAL_NEGIDX(ctx, -2);
					duk_push_hstring(ctx, duk_js_typeof(thr, tv));
					duk_replace(ctx, (duk_idx_t) b);
					duk_pop_2(ctx);
				} else {
					/* unresolvable, no stack changes */
					duk_push_hstring_stridx(ctx, DUK_STRIDX_LC_UNDEFINED);
					duk_replace(ctx, (duk_idx_t) b);
				}

				break;
			}

			case DUK_EXTRAOP_INITENUM: {
				duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
				duk_small_uint_fast_t b = DUK_DEC_B(ins);
				duk_small_uint_fast_t c = DUK_DEC_C(ins);

				/*
				 *  Enumeration semantics come from for-in statement, E5 Section 12.6.4.
				 *  If called with 'null' or 'undefined', this opcode returns 'null' as
				 *  the enumerator, which is special cased in NEXTENUM.  This simplifies
				 *  the compiler part
				 */

				/* B -> register for writing enumerator object
				 * C -> value to be enumerated (register)
				 */

				if (duk_is_null_or_undefined(ctx, (duk_idx_t) c)) {
					duk_push_null(ctx);
					duk_replace(ctx, (duk_idx_t) b);
				} else {
					duk_dup(ctx, (duk_idx_t) c);
					duk_to_object(ctx, -1);
					duk_hobject_enumerator_create(ctx, 0 /*enum_flags*/);  /* [ ... val ] --> [ ... enum ] */
					duk_replace(ctx, (duk_idx_t) b);
				}
				break;
			}

			case DUK_EXTRAOP_NEXTENUM: {
				duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
				duk_small_uint_fast_t b = DUK_DEC_B(ins);
				duk_small_uint_fast_t c = DUK_DEC_C(ins);

				/*
				 *  NEXTENUM checks whether the enumerator still has unenumerated
				 *  keys.  If so, the next key is loaded to the target register
				 *  and the next instruction is skipped.  Otherwise the next instruction
				 *  will be executed, jumping out of the enumeration loop.
				 */

				/* B -> target register for next key
				 * C -> enum register
				 */

				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("NEXTENUM: b->%!T, c->%!T",
				                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, (duk_idx_t) b),
				                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, (duk_idx_t) c)));

				if (duk_is_object(ctx, (duk_idx_t) c)) {
					/* XXX: assert 'c' is an enumerator */
					duk_dup(ctx, (duk_idx_t) c);
					if (duk_hobject_enumerator_next(ctx, 0 /*get_value*/)) {
						/* [ ... enum ] -> [ ... next_key ] */
						DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("enum active, next key is %!T, skip jump slot ",
						                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));
						curr_pc++;
					} else {
						/* [ ... enum ] -> [ ... ] */
						DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("enum finished, execute jump slot"));
						duk_push_undefined(ctx);
					}
					duk_replace(ctx, (duk_idx_t) b);
				} else {
					/* 'null' enumerator case -> behave as with an empty enumerator */
					DUK_ASSERT(duk_is_null(ctx, (duk_idx_t) c));
					DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("enum is null, execute jump slot"));
				}
				break;
			}

			case DUK_EXTRAOP_INITSET:
			case DUK_EXTRAOP_INITSETI:
			case DUK_EXTRAOP_INITGET:
			case DUK_EXTRAOP_INITGETI: {
				duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
				duk_bool_t is_set = (extraop == DUK_EXTRAOP_INITSET || extraop == DUK_EXTRAOP_INITSETI);
				duk_small_uint_fast_t b = DUK_DEC_B(ins);
				duk_uint_fast_t idx;

				/* B -> object register
				 * C -> C+0 contains key, C+1 closure (value)
				 */

				/*
				 *  INITSET/INITGET are only used to initialize object literal keys.
				 *  The compiler ensures that there cannot be a previous data property
				 *  of the same name.  It also ensures that setter and getter can only
				 *  be initialized once (or not at all).
				 */

				idx = (duk_uint_fast_t) DUK_DEC_C(ins);
				if (extraop == DUK_EXTRAOP_INITSETI || extraop == DUK_EXTRAOP_INITGETI) {
					duk_tval *tv_ind = DUK__REGP(idx);
					DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv_ind));
					idx = (duk_uint_fast_t) DUK_TVAL_GET_NUMBER(tv_ind);
				}

#if defined(DUK_USE_EXEC_INDIRECT_BOUND_CHECK)
				if (idx + 2 > (duk_uint_fast_t) duk_get_top(ctx)) {
					/* XXX: use duk_is_valid_index() instead? */
					/* XXX: improve check; check against nregs, not against top */
					DUK__INTERNAL_ERROR("INITSET/INITGET out of bounds");
				}
#endif

				/* XXX: this is now a very unoptimal implementation -- this can be
				 * made very simple by direct manipulation of the object internals,
				 * given the guarantees above.
				 */

				duk_push_hobject_bidx(ctx, DUK_BIDX_OBJECT_CONSTRUCTOR);
				duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, -1, DUK_STRIDX_DEFINE_PROPERTY);
				duk_push_undefined(ctx);
				duk_dup(ctx, (duk_idx_t) b);
				duk_dup(ctx, (duk_idx_t) (idx + 0));
				duk_push_object(ctx);  /* -> [ Object defineProperty undefined obj key desc ] */

				duk_push_true(ctx);
				duk_put_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_ENUMERABLE);
				duk_push_true(ctx);
				duk_put_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_CONFIGURABLE);
				duk_dup(ctx, (duk_idx_t) (idx + 1));
				duk_put_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, (is_set ? DUK_STRIDX_SET : DUK_STRIDX_GET));

				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("INITGET/INITSET: obj=%!T, key=%!T, desc=%!T",
				                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -3),
				                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -2),
				                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));

				duk_call_method(ctx, 3);  /* -> [ Object res ] */
				duk_pop_2(ctx);

				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("INITGET/INITSET AFTER: obj=%!T",
				                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, (duk_idx_t) b)));
				break;
			}

			case DUK_EXTRAOP_ENDTRY: {
				duk_catcher *cat;
				duk_tval *tv1;

				DUK_ASSERT(thr->catchstack_top >= 1);
				DUK_ASSERT(thr->callstack_top >= 1);
				DUK_ASSERT(thr->catchstack[thr->catchstack_top - 1].callstack_index == thr->callstack_top - 1);

				cat = thr->catchstack + thr->catchstack_top - 1;

				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("ENDTRY: clearing catch active flag (regardless of whether it was set or not)"));
				DUK_CAT_CLEAR_CATCH_ENABLED(cat);

				if (DUK_CAT_HAS_FINALLY_ENABLED(cat)) {
					DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("ENDTRY: finally part is active, jump through 2nd jump slot with 'normal continuation'"));

					tv1 = thr->valstack + cat->idx_base;
					DUK_ASSERT(tv1 >= thr->valstack && tv1 < thr->valstack_top);
					DUK_TVAL_SET_UNDEFINED_UPDREF(thr, tv1);  /* side effects */
					tv1 = NULL;

					tv1 = thr->valstack + cat->idx_base + 1;
					DUK_ASSERT(tv1 >= thr->valstack && tv1 < thr->valstack_top);
					DUK_TVAL_SET_FASTINT_U32_UPDREF(thr, tv1, (duk_uint32_t) DUK_LJ_TYPE_NORMAL);  /* side effects */
					tv1 = NULL;

					DUK_CAT_CLEAR_FINALLY_ENABLED(cat);
				} else {
					DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("ENDTRY: no finally part, dismantle catcher, jump through 2nd jump slot (to end of statement)"));
					duk_hthread_catchstack_unwind(thr, thr->catchstack_top - 1);
					/* no need to unwind callstack */
				}

				curr_pc = cat->pc_base + 1;
				break;
			}

			case DUK_EXTRAOP_ENDCATCH: {
				duk_activation *act;
				duk_catcher *cat;
				duk_tval *tv1;

				DUK_ASSERT(thr->catchstack_top >= 1);
				DUK_ASSERT(thr->callstack_top >= 1);
				DUK_ASSERT(thr->catchstack[thr->catchstack_top - 1].callstack_index == thr->callstack_top - 1);

				cat = thr->catchstack + thr->catchstack_top - 1;
				DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_CAT_HAS_CATCH_ENABLED(cat));  /* cleared before entering catch part */

				act = thr->callstack + thr->callstack_top - 1;

				if (DUK_CAT_HAS_LEXENV_ACTIVE(cat)) {
					duk_hobject *prev_env;

					/* 'with' binding has no catch clause, so can't be here unless a normal try-catch */
					DUK_ASSERT(DUK_CAT_HAS_CATCH_BINDING_ENABLED(cat));
					DUK_ASSERT(act->lex_env != NULL);

					DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("ENDCATCH: popping catcher part lexical environment"));

					prev_env = act->lex_env;
					DUK_ASSERT(prev_env != NULL);
					act->lex_env = DUK_HOBJECT_GET_PROTOTYPE(thr->heap, prev_env);
					DUK_CAT_CLEAR_LEXENV_ACTIVE(cat);
					DUK_HOBJECT_DECREF(thr, prev_env);  /* side effects */
				}

				if (DUK_CAT_HAS_FINALLY_ENABLED(cat)) {
					DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("ENDCATCH: finally part is active, jump through 2nd jump slot with 'normal continuation'"));

					tv1 = thr->valstack + cat->idx_base;
					DUK_ASSERT(tv1 >= thr->valstack && tv1 < thr->valstack_top);
					DUK_TVAL_SET_UNDEFINED_UPDREF(thr, tv1);  /* side effects */
					tv1 = NULL;

					tv1 = thr->valstack + cat->idx_base + 1;
					DUK_ASSERT(tv1 >= thr->valstack && tv1 < thr->valstack_top);
					DUK_TVAL_SET_FASTINT_U32_UPDREF(thr, tv1, (duk_uint32_t) DUK_LJ_TYPE_NORMAL);  /* side effects */
					tv1 = NULL;

					DUK_CAT_CLEAR_FINALLY_ENABLED(cat);
				} else {
					DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("ENDCATCH: no finally part, dismantle catcher, jump through 2nd jump slot (to end of statement)"));
					duk_hthread_catchstack_unwind(thr, thr->catchstack_top - 1);
					/* no need to unwind callstack */
				}

				curr_pc = cat->pc_base + 1;
				break;
			}

			case DUK_EXTRAOP_ENDFIN: {
				duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
				duk_catcher *cat;
				duk_tval *tv1;
				duk_small_uint_t cont_type;
				duk_small_uint_t ret_result;

				/* Sync and NULL early. */
				DUK__SYNC_AND_NULL_CURR_PC();

				DUK_ASSERT(thr->catchstack_top >= 1);
				DUK_ASSERT(thr->callstack_top >= 1);
				DUK_ASSERT(thr->catchstack[thr->catchstack_top - 1].callstack_index == thr->callstack_top - 1);

				cat = thr->catchstack + thr->catchstack_top - 1;

				/* CATCH flag may be enabled or disabled here; it may be enabled if
				 * the statement has a catch block but the try block does not throw
				 * an error.
				 */
				DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_CAT_HAS_FINALLY_ENABLED(cat));  /* cleared before entering finally */
				/* XXX: assert idx_base */

				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("ENDFIN: completion value=%!T, type=%!T",
				                     (duk_tval *) (thr->valstack + cat->idx_base + 0),
				                     (duk_tval *) (thr->valstack + cat->idx_base + 1)));

				tv1 = thr->valstack + cat->idx_base + 1;  /* type */
				DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv1));
				cont_type = (duk_small_uint_t) DUK_TVAL_GET_NUMBER(tv1);

				switch (cont_type) {
				case DUK_LJ_TYPE_NORMAL: {
					DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("ENDFIN: finally part finishing with 'normal' (non-abrupt) completion -> "
					                     "dismantle catcher, resume execution after ENDFIN"));
					duk_hthread_catchstack_unwind(thr, thr->catchstack_top - 1);
					/* no need to unwind callstack */
					goto restart_execution;
				}
				case DUK_LJ_TYPE_RETURN: {
					DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("ENDFIN: finally part finishing with 'return' complation -> dismantle "
					                     "catcher, handle return, lj.value1=%!T", thr->valstack + cat->idx_base));

					/* Not necessary to unwind catchstack: return handling will
					 * do it.  The finally flag of 'cat' is no longer set.  The
					 * catch flag may be set, but it's not checked by return handling.
					 */
					DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_CAT_HAS_FINALLY_ENABLED(cat));  /* cleared before entering finally */
#if 0
					duk_hthread_catchstack_unwind(thr, thr->catchstack_top - 1);
#endif

					duk_push_tval(ctx, thr->valstack + cat->idx_base);
					ret_result = duk__handle_return(thr,
						                        entry_thread,
						                        entry_callstack_top);
					if (ret_result == DUK__RETHAND_RESTART) {
						goto restart_execution;
					}
					DUK_ASSERT(ret_result == DUK__RETHAND_FINISHED);

					DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("exiting executor after ENDFIN and RETURN (pseudo) longjmp type"));
					return;
				}
				case DUK_LJ_TYPE_BREAK:
				case DUK_LJ_TYPE_CONTINUE: {
					duk_uint_t label_id;
					duk_small_uint_t lj_type;

					/* Not necessary to unwind catchstack: break/continue
					 * handling will do it.  The finally flag of 'cat' is
					 * no longer set.  The catch flag may be set, but it's
					 * not checked by break/continue handling.
					 */
#if 0
					duk_hthread_catchstack_unwind(thr, thr->catchstack_top - 1);
#endif

					tv1 = thr->valstack + cat->idx_base;
					DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv1));
#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
					DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_FASTINT(tv1));
					label_id = (duk_small_uint_t) DUK_TVAL_GET_FASTINT_U32(tv1);
#else
					label_id = (duk_small_uint_t) DUK_TVAL_GET_NUMBER(tv1);
#endif
					lj_type = cont_type;
					duk__handle_break_or_continue(thr, label_id, lj_type);
					goto restart_execution;
				}
				default: {
					DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("ENDFIN: finally part finishing with abrupt completion, lj_type=%ld -> "
					                     "dismantle catcher, re-throw error",
					                     (long) cont_type));

					duk_push_tval(ctx, thr->valstack + cat->idx_base);

					duk_err_setup_heap_ljstate(thr, (duk_small_int_t) cont_type);

					DUK_ASSERT(thr->heap->lj.jmpbuf_ptr != NULL);  /* always in executor */
					duk_err_longjmp(thr);
					DUK_UNREACHABLE();
				}
				}

				/* Must restart in all cases because we NULLed thr->ptr_curr_pc. */
				DUK_UNREACHABLE();
				break;
			}

			case DUK_EXTRAOP_THROW: {
				duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
				duk_uint_fast_t bc = DUK_DEC_BC(ins);

				/* Note: errors are augmented when they are created, not
				 * when they are thrown.  So, don't augment here, it would
				 * break re-throwing for instance.
				 */

				/* Sync so that augmentation sees up-to-date activations, NULL
				 * thr->ptr_curr_pc so that it's not used if side effects occur
				 * in augmentation or longjmp handling.
				 */
				DUK__SYNC_AND_NULL_CURR_PC();

				duk_dup(ctx, (duk_idx_t) bc);
				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("THROW ERROR (BYTECODE): %!dT (before throw augment)",
				                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));
#if defined(DUK_USE_AUGMENT_ERROR_THROW)
				duk_err_augment_error_throw(thr);
				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("THROW ERROR (BYTECODE): %!dT (after throw augment)",
				                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));
#endif

				duk_err_setup_heap_ljstate(thr, DUK_LJ_TYPE_THROW);

				DUK_ASSERT(thr->heap->lj.jmpbuf_ptr != NULL);  /* always in executor */
				duk_err_longjmp(thr);
				DUK_UNREACHABLE();
				break;
			}

			case DUK_EXTRAOP_INVLHS: {
				DUK_ERROR(thr, DUK_ERR_REFERENCE_ERROR, "invalid lvalue");

				DUK_UNREACHABLE();
				break;
			}

			case DUK_EXTRAOP_UNM:
			case DUK_EXTRAOP_UNP: {
				duk_uint_fast_t bc = DUK_DEC_BC(ins);
				duk__vm_arith_unary_op(thr, DUK__REGP(bc), bc, extraop);
				break;
			}

			case DUK_EXTRAOP_DEBUGGER: {
				/* Opcode only emitted by compiler when debugger
				 * support is enabled.  Ignore it silently without
				 * debugger support, in case it has been loaded
				 * from precompiled bytecode.
				 */
#if defined(DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_SUPPORT)
				if (DUK_HEAP_IS_DEBUGGER_ATTACHED(thr->heap)) {
					DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("DEBUGGER statement encountered, halt execution"));
					DUK__SYNC_AND_NULL_CURR_PC();
					duk_debug_halt_execution(thr, 1 /*use_prev_pc*/);
					DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("DEBUGGER statement finished, resume execution"));
					goto restart_execution;
				} else {
					DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("DEBUGGER statement ignored, debugger not attached"));
				}
#else
				DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("DEBUGGER statement ignored, no debugger support"));
#endif
				break;
			}

			case DUK_EXTRAOP_BREAK: {
				duk_uint_fast_t bc = DUK_DEC_BC(ins);

				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("BREAK: %ld", (long) bc));

				DUK__SYNC_AND_NULL_CURR_PC();
				duk__handle_break_or_continue(thr, (duk_uint_t) bc, DUK_LJ_TYPE_BREAK);
				goto restart_execution;
			}

			case DUK_EXTRAOP_CONTINUE: {
				duk_uint_fast_t bc = DUK_DEC_BC(ins);

				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("CONTINUE: %ld", (long) bc));

				DUK__SYNC_AND_NULL_CURR_PC();
				duk__handle_break_or_continue(thr, (duk_uint_t) bc, DUK_LJ_TYPE_CONTINUE);
				goto restart_execution;
			}

			case DUK_EXTRAOP_BNOT: {
				duk_uint_fast_t bc = DUK_DEC_BC(ins);

				duk__vm_bitwise_not(thr, DUK__REGP(bc), bc);
				break;
			}

			case DUK_EXTRAOP_LNOT: {
				duk_uint_fast_t bc = DUK_DEC_BC(ins);
				duk_tval *tv1;

				tv1 = DUK__REGP(bc);
				duk__vm_logical_not(thr, tv1, tv1);
				break;
			}

			case DUK_EXTRAOP_INSTOF: {
				duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
				duk_small_uint_fast_t b = DUK_DEC_B(ins);
				duk_small_uint_fast_t c = DUK_DEC_C(ins);
				duk_bool_t tmp;

				tmp = duk_js_instanceof(thr, DUK__REGP(b), DUK__REGCONSTP(c));
				duk_push_boolean(ctx, tmp);
				duk_replace(ctx, (duk_idx_t) b);
				break;
			}

			case DUK_EXTRAOP_IN: {
				duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
				duk_small_uint_fast_t b = DUK_DEC_B(ins);
				duk_small_uint_fast_t c = DUK_DEC_C(ins);
				duk_bool_t tmp;

				tmp = duk_js_in(thr, DUK__REGP(b), DUK__REGCONSTP(c));
				duk_push_boolean(ctx, tmp);
				duk_replace(ctx, (duk_idx_t) b);
				break;
			}

			case DUK_EXTRAOP_LABEL: {
				duk_catcher *cat;
				duk_uint_fast_t bc = DUK_DEC_BC(ins);

				/* allocate catcher and populate it (should be atomic) */

				duk_hthread_catchstack_grow(thr);
				cat = thr->catchstack + thr->catchstack_top;
				thr->catchstack_top++;

				cat->flags = DUK_CAT_TYPE_LABEL | (bc << DUK_CAT_LABEL_SHIFT);
				cat->callstack_index = thr->callstack_top - 1;
				cat->pc_base = (duk_instr_t *) curr_pc;  /* pre-incremented, points to first jump slot */
				cat->idx_base = 0;  /* unused for label */
				cat->h_varname = NULL;

				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("LABEL catcher: flags=0x%08lx, callstack_index=%ld, pc_base=%ld, "
				                     "idx_base=%ld, h_varname=%!O, label_id=%ld",
				                     (long) cat->flags, (long) cat->callstack_index, (long) cat->pc_base,
				                     (long) cat->idx_base, (duk_heaphdr *) cat->h_varname, (long) DUK_CAT_GET_LABEL(cat)));

				curr_pc += 2;  /* skip jump slots */
				break;
			}

			case DUK_EXTRAOP_ENDLABEL: {
				duk_catcher *cat;
#if defined(DUK_USE_DDDPRINT) || defined(DUK_USE_ASSERTIONS)
				duk_uint_fast_t bc = DUK_DEC_BC(ins);
#endif
#if defined(DUK_USE_DDDPRINT)
				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("ENDLABEL %ld", (long) bc));
#endif

				DUK_ASSERT(thr->catchstack_top >= 1);

				cat = thr->catchstack + thr->catchstack_top - 1;
				DUK_UNREF(cat);
				DUK_ASSERT(DUK_CAT_GET_TYPE(cat) == DUK_CAT_TYPE_LABEL);
				DUK_ASSERT((duk_uint_fast_t) DUK_CAT_GET_LABEL(cat) == bc);

				duk_hthread_catchstack_unwind(thr, thr->catchstack_top - 1);
				/* no need to unwind callstack */
				break;
			}

			default: {
				DUK__INTERNAL_ERROR("invalid extra opcode");
			}

			}  /* end switch */

			break;
		}

		default: {
			/* this should never be possible, because the switch-case is
			 * comprehensive
			 */
			DUK__INTERNAL_ERROR("invalid opcode");
			break;
		}

		}  /* end switch */
	}
	DUK_UNREACHABLE();

#ifndef DUK_USE_VERBOSE_EXECUTOR_ERRORS
 internal_error:
	DUK_ERROR_INTERNAL(thr, "internal error in bytecode executor");
#endif
}

#undef DUK__LONGJMP_RESTART
#undef DUK__LONGJMP_FINISHED
#undef DUK__LONGJMP_RETHROW

#undef DUK__RETHAND_RESTART
#undef DUK__RETHAND_FINISHED

#undef DUK__FUN
#undef DUK__STRICT
#undef DUK__REG
#undef DUK__REGP
#undef DUK__CONST
#undef DUK__CONSTP
#undef DUK__RCISREG
#undef DUK__REGCONST
#undef DUK__REGCONSTP

#undef DUK__INTERNAL_ERROR
#undef DUK__SYNC_CURR_PC
#undef DUK__SYNC_AND_NULL_CURR_PC
/*
 *  Ecmascript specification algorithm and conversion helpers.
 *
 *  These helpers encapsulate the primitive Ecmascript operation
 *  semantics, and are used by the bytecode executor and the API
 *  (among other places).  Note that some primitives are only
 *  implemented as part of the API and have no "internal" helper.
 *  (This is the case when an internal helper would not really be
 *  useful; e.g. the operation is rare, uses value stack heavily,
 *  etc.)
 *
 *  The operation arguments depend on what is required to implement
 *  the operation:
 *
 *    - If an operation is simple and stateless, and has no side
 *      effects, it won't take an duk_hthread argument and its
 *      arguments may be duk_tval pointers (which are safe as long
 *      as no side effects take place).
 *
 *    - If complex coercions are required (e.g. a "ToNumber" coercion)
 *      or errors may be thrown, the operation takes an duk_hthread
 *      argument.  This also implies that the operation may have
 *      arbitrary side effects, invalidating any duk_tval pointers.
 *
 *    - For operations with potential side effects, arguments can be
 *      taken in several ways:
 *
 *      a) as duk_tval pointers, which makes sense if the "common case"
 *         can be resolved without side effects (e.g. coercion); the
 *         arguments are pushed to the valstack for coercion if
 *         necessary
 *
 *      b) as duk_tval values
 *
 *      c) implicitly on value stack top
 *
 *      d) as indices to the value stack
 *
 *  Future work:
 *
 *     - Argument styles may not be the most sensible in every case now.
 *
 *     - In-place coercions might be useful for several operations, if
 *       in-place coercion is OK for the bytecode executor and the API.
 */

/* include removed: duk_internal.h */

/*
 *  [[DefaultValue]]  (E5 Section 8.12.8)
 *
 *  ==> implemented in the API.
 */

/*
 *  ToPrimitive()  (E5 Section 9.1)
 *
 *  ==> implemented in the API.
 */

/*
 *  ToBoolean()  (E5 Section 9.2)
 */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_js_toboolean(duk_tval *tv) {
	switch (DUK_TVAL_GET_TAG(tv)) {
	case DUK_TAG_UNDEFINED:
	case DUK_TAG_NULL:
		return 0;
	case DUK_TAG_BOOLEAN:
		return DUK_TVAL_GET_BOOLEAN(tv);
	case DUK_TAG_STRING: {
		duk_hstring *h = DUK_TVAL_GET_STRING(tv);
		DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);
		return (DUK_HSTRING_GET_BYTELEN(h) > 0 ? 1 : 0);
	}
	case DUK_TAG_OBJECT: {
		return 1;
	}
	case DUK_TAG_BUFFER: {
		/* mimic semantics for strings */
		duk_hbuffer *h = DUK_TVAL_GET_BUFFER(tv);
		DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);
		return (DUK_HBUFFER_GET_SIZE(h) > 0 ? 1 : 0);
	}
	case DUK_TAG_POINTER: {
		void *p = DUK_TVAL_GET_POINTER(tv);
		return (p != NULL ? 1 : 0);
	}
	case DUK_TAG_LIGHTFUNC: {
		return 1;
	}
#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
	case DUK_TAG_FASTINT:
		if (DUK_TVAL_GET_FASTINT(tv) != 0) {
			return 1;
		} else {
			return 0;
		}
#endif
	default: {
		/* number */
		duk_double_t d;
		int c;
		DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_TVAL_IS_UNUSED(tv));
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_DOUBLE(tv));
		d = DUK_TVAL_GET_DOUBLE(tv);
		c = DUK_FPCLASSIFY((double) d);
		if (c == DUK_FP_ZERO || c == DUK_FP_NAN) {
			return 0;
		} else {
			return 1;
		}
	}
	}
	DUK_UNREACHABLE();
}

/*
 *  ToNumber()  (E5 Section 9.3)
 *
 *  Value to convert must be on stack top, and is popped before exit.
 *
 *  See: http://www.cs.indiana.edu/~burger/FP-Printing-PLDI96.pdf
 *       http://www.cs.indiana.edu/~burger/fp/index.html
 *
 *  Notes on the conversion:
 *
 *    - There are specific requirements on the accuracy of the conversion
 *      through a "Mathematical Value" (MV), so this conversion is not
 *      trivial.
 *
 *    - Quick rejects (e.g. based on first char) are difficult because
 *      the grammar allows leading and trailing white space.
 *
 *    - Quick reject based on string length is difficult even after
 *      accounting for white space; there may be arbitrarily many
 *      decimal digits.
 *
 *    - Standard grammar allows decimal values ("123"), hex values
 *      ("0x123") and infinities
 *
 *    - Unlike source code literals, ToNumber() coerces empty strings
 *      and strings with only whitespace to zero (not NaN).
 */

/* E5 Section 9.3.1 */
DUK_LOCAL duk_double_t duk__tonumber_string_raw(duk_hthread *thr) {
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk_small_uint_t s2n_flags;
	duk_double_t d;

	/* Quite lenient, e.g. allow empty as zero, but don't allow trailing
	 * garbage.
	 */
	s2n_flags = DUK_S2N_FLAG_TRIM_WHITE |
	            DUK_S2N_FLAG_ALLOW_EXP |
	            DUK_S2N_FLAG_ALLOW_PLUS |
	            DUK_S2N_FLAG_ALLOW_MINUS |
	            DUK_S2N_FLAG_ALLOW_INF |
	            DUK_S2N_FLAG_ALLOW_FRAC |
	            DUK_S2N_FLAG_ALLOW_NAKED_FRAC |
	            DUK_S2N_FLAG_ALLOW_EMPTY_FRAC |
	            DUK_S2N_FLAG_ALLOW_EMPTY_AS_ZERO |
	            DUK_S2N_FLAG_ALLOW_LEADING_ZERO |
	            DUK_S2N_FLAG_ALLOW_AUTO_HEX_INT;

	duk_numconv_parse(ctx, 10 /*radix*/, s2n_flags);
	d = duk_get_number(ctx, -1);
	duk_pop(ctx);

	return d;
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_double_t duk_js_tonumber(duk_hthread *thr, duk_tval *tv) {
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_hthread *) thr;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(tv != NULL);

	switch (DUK_TVAL_GET_TAG(tv)) {
	case DUK_TAG_UNDEFINED: {
		/* return a specific NaN (although not strictly necessary) */
		duk_double_union du;
		DUK_DBLUNION_SET_NAN(&du);
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_DBLUNION_IS_NORMALIZED(&du));
		return du.d;
	}
	case DUK_TAG_NULL: {
		/* +0.0 */
		return 0.0;
	}
	case DUK_TAG_BOOLEAN: {
		if (DUK_TVAL_IS_BOOLEAN_TRUE(tv)) {
			return 1.0;
		}
		return 0.0;
	}
	case DUK_TAG_STRING: {
		duk_hstring *h = DUK_TVAL_GET_STRING(tv);
		duk_push_hstring(ctx, h);
		return duk__tonumber_string_raw(thr);
	}
	case DUK_TAG_OBJECT: {
		/* Note: ToPrimitive(object,hint) == [[DefaultValue]](object,hint),
		 * so use [[DefaultValue]] directly.
		 */
		duk_double_t d;
		duk_push_tval(ctx, tv);
		duk_to_defaultvalue(ctx, -1, DUK_HINT_NUMBER);  /* 'tv' becomes invalid */

		/* recursive call for a primitive value (guaranteed not to cause second
		 * recursion).
		 */
		d = duk_js_tonumber(thr, duk_require_tval(ctx, -1));

		duk_pop(ctx);
		return d;
	}
	case DUK_TAG_BUFFER: {
		/* Coerce like a string.  This makes sense because addition also treats
		 * buffers like strings.
		 */
		duk_hbuffer *h = DUK_TVAL_GET_BUFFER(tv);
		duk_push_hbuffer(ctx, h);
		duk_to_string(ctx, -1);  /* XXX: expensive, but numconv now expects to see a string */
		return duk__tonumber_string_raw(thr);
	}
	case DUK_TAG_POINTER: {
		/* Coerce like boolean */
		void *p = DUK_TVAL_GET_POINTER(tv);
		return (p != NULL ? 1.0 : 0.0);
	}
	case DUK_TAG_LIGHTFUNC: {
		/* +(function(){}) -> NaN */
		return DUK_DOUBLE_NAN;
	}
#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
	case DUK_TAG_FASTINT:
		return (duk_double_t) DUK_TVAL_GET_FASTINT(tv);
#endif
	default: {
		/* number */
		DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_TVAL_IS_UNUSED(tv));
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_DOUBLE(tv));
		return DUK_TVAL_GET_DOUBLE(tv);
	}
	}

	DUK_UNREACHABLE();
}

/*
 *  ToInteger()  (E5 Section 9.4)
 */

/* exposed, used by e.g. duk_bi_date.c */
DUK_INTERNAL duk_double_t duk_js_tointeger_number(duk_double_t x) {
	duk_small_int_t c = (duk_small_int_t) DUK_FPCLASSIFY(x);

	if (c == DUK_FP_NAN) {
		return 0.0;
	} else if (c == DUK_FP_ZERO || c == DUK_FP_INFINITE) {
		/* XXX: FP_ZERO check can be removed, the else clause handles it
		 * correctly (preserving sign).
		 */
		return x;
	} else {
		duk_small_int_t s = (duk_small_int_t) DUK_SIGNBIT(x);
		x = DUK_FLOOR(DUK_FABS(x));  /* truncate towards zero */
		if (s) {
			x = -x;
		}
		return x;
	}
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_double_t duk_js_tointeger(duk_hthread *thr, duk_tval *tv) {
	/* XXX: fastint */
	duk_double_t d = duk_js_tonumber(thr, tv);  /* invalidates tv */
	return duk_js_tointeger_number(d);
}

/*
 *  ToInt32(), ToUint32(), ToUint16()  (E5 Sections 9.5, 9.6, 9.7)
 */

/* combined algorithm matching E5 Sections 9.5 and 9.6 */
DUK_LOCAL duk_double_t duk__toint32_touint32_helper(duk_double_t x, duk_bool_t is_toint32) {
	duk_small_int_t c = (duk_small_int_t) DUK_FPCLASSIFY(x);
	duk_small_int_t s;

	if (c == DUK_FP_NAN || c == DUK_FP_ZERO || c == DUK_FP_INFINITE) {
		return 0.0;
	}


	/* x = sign(x) * floor(abs(x)), i.e. truncate towards zero, keep sign */
	s = (duk_small_int_t) DUK_SIGNBIT(x);
	x = DUK_FLOOR(DUK_FABS(x));
	if (s) {
		x = -x;
	}

	/* NOTE: fmod(x) result sign is same as sign of x, which
	 * differs from what Javascript wants (see Section 9.6).
	 */

	x = DUK_FMOD(x, DUK_DOUBLE_2TO32);    /* -> x in ]-2**32, 2**32[ */

	if (x < 0.0) {
		x += DUK_DOUBLE_2TO32;
	}
	/* -> x in [0, 2**32[ */

	if (is_toint32) {
		if (x >= DUK_DOUBLE_2TO31) {
			/* x in [2**31, 2**32[ */

			x -= DUK_DOUBLE_2TO32;  /* -> x in [-2**31,2**31[ */
		}
	}

	return x;
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_int32_t duk_js_toint32(duk_hthread *thr, duk_tval *tv) {
	duk_double_t d;

#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
	if (DUK_TVAL_IS_FASTINT(tv)) {
		return DUK_TVAL_GET_FASTINT_I32(tv);
	}
#endif

	d = duk_js_tonumber(thr, tv);  /* invalidates tv */
	d = duk__toint32_touint32_helper(d, 1);
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_FPCLASSIFY(d) == DUK_FP_ZERO || DUK_FPCLASSIFY(d) == DUK_FP_NORMAL);
	DUK_ASSERT(d >= -2147483648.0 && d <= 2147483647.0);  /* [-0x80000000,0x7fffffff] */
	DUK_ASSERT(d == ((duk_double_t) ((duk_int32_t) d)));  /* whole, won't clip */
	return (duk_int32_t) d;
}


DUK_INTERNAL duk_uint32_t duk_js_touint32(duk_hthread *thr, duk_tval *tv) {
	duk_double_t d;

#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
	if (DUK_TVAL_IS_FASTINT(tv)) {
		return DUK_TVAL_GET_FASTINT_U32(tv);
	}
#endif

	d = duk_js_tonumber(thr, tv);  /* invalidates tv */
	d = duk__toint32_touint32_helper(d, 0);
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_FPCLASSIFY(d) == DUK_FP_ZERO || DUK_FPCLASSIFY(d) == DUK_FP_NORMAL);
	DUK_ASSERT(d >= 0.0 && d <= 4294967295.0);  /* [0x00000000, 0xffffffff] */
	DUK_ASSERT(d == ((duk_double_t) ((duk_uint32_t) d)));  /* whole, won't clip */
	return (duk_uint32_t) d;

}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_uint16_t duk_js_touint16(duk_hthread *thr, duk_tval *tv) {
	/* should be a safe way to compute this */
	return (duk_uint16_t) (duk_js_touint32(thr, tv) & 0x0000ffffU);
}

/*
 *  ToString()  (E5 Section 9.8)
 *
 *  ==> implemented in the API.
 */

/*
 *  ToObject()  (E5 Section 9.9)
 *
 *  ==> implemented in the API.
 */

/*
 *  CheckObjectCoercible()  (E5 Section 9.10)
 *
 *  Note: no API equivalent now.
 */

#if 0  /* unused */
DUK_INTERNAL void duk_js_checkobjectcoercible(duk_hthread *thr, duk_tval *tv_x) {
	duk_small_uint_t tag = DUK_TVAL_GET_TAG(tv_x);

	/* Note: this must match ToObject() behavior */

	if (tag == DUK_TAG_UNDEFINED ||
	    tag == DUK_TAG_NULL ||
	    tag == DUK_TAG_POINTER ||
	    tag == DUK_TAG_BUFFER) {
		DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, "not object coercible");
	}
}
#endif

/*
 *  IsCallable()  (E5 Section 9.11)
 *
 *  XXX: API equivalent is a separate implementation now, and this has
 *  currently no callers.
 */

#if 0  /* unused */
DUK_INTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_js_iscallable(duk_tval *tv_x) {
	duk_hobject *obj;

	if (!DUK_TVAL_IS_OBJECT(tv_x)) {
		return 0;
	}
	obj = DUK_TVAL_GET_OBJECT(tv_x);
	DUK_ASSERT(obj != NULL);

	return DUK_HOBJECT_IS_CALLABLE(obj);
}
#endif

/*
 *  Loose equality, strict equality, and SameValue (E5 Sections 11.9.1, 11.9.4,
 *  9.12).  These have much in common so they can share some helpers.
 *
 *  Future work notes:
 *
 *    - Current implementation (and spec definition) has recursion; this should
 *      be fixed if possible.
 *
 *    - String-to-number coercion should be possible without going through the
 *      value stack (and be more compact) if a shared helper is invoked.
 */

/* Note that this is the same operation for strict and loose equality:
 *  - E5 Section 11.9.3, step 1.c (loose)
 *  - E5 Section 11.9.6, step 4 (strict)
 */

DUK_LOCAL duk_bool_t duk__js_equals_number(duk_double_t x, duk_double_t y) {
#if defined(DUK_USE_PARANOID_MATH)
	/* Straightforward algorithm, makes fewer compiler assumptions. */
	duk_small_int_t cx = (duk_small_int_t) DUK_FPCLASSIFY(x);
	duk_small_int_t cy = (duk_small_int_t) DUK_FPCLASSIFY(y);
	if (cx == DUK_FP_NAN || cy == DUK_FP_NAN) {
		return 0;
	}
	if (cx == DUK_FP_ZERO && cy == DUK_FP_ZERO) {
		return 1;
	}
	if (x == y) {
		return 1;
	}
	return 0;
#else  /* DUK_USE_PARANOID_MATH */
	/* Better equivalent algorithm.  If the compiler is compliant, C and
	 * Ecmascript semantics are identical for this particular comparison.
	 * In particular, NaNs must never compare equal and zeroes must compare
	 * equal regardless of sign.  Could also use a macro, but this inlines
	 * already nicely (no difference on gcc, for instance).
	 */
	if (x == y) {
		/* IEEE requires that NaNs compare false */
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_FPCLASSIFY(x) != DUK_FP_NAN);
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_FPCLASSIFY(y) != DUK_FP_NAN);
		return 1;
	} else {
		/* IEEE requires that zeros compare the same regardless
		 * of their signed, so if both x and y are zeroes, they
		 * are caught above.
		 */
		DUK_ASSERT(!(DUK_FPCLASSIFY(x) == DUK_FP_ZERO && DUK_FPCLASSIFY(y) == DUK_FP_ZERO));
		return 0;
	}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_PARANOID_MATH */
}

DUK_LOCAL duk_bool_t duk__js_samevalue_number(duk_double_t x, duk_double_t y) {
#if defined(DUK_USE_PARANOID_MATH)
	duk_small_int_t cx = (duk_small_int_t) DUK_FPCLASSIFY(x);
	duk_small_int_t cy = (duk_small_int_t) DUK_FPCLASSIFY(y);

	if (cx == DUK_FP_NAN && cy == DUK_FP_NAN) {
		/* SameValue(NaN, NaN) = true, regardless of NaN sign or extra bits */
		return 1;
	}
	if (cx == DUK_FP_ZERO && cy == DUK_FP_ZERO) {
		/* Note: cannot assume that a non-zero return value of signbit() would
		 * always be the same -- hence cannot (portably) use something like:
		 *
		 *     signbit(x) == signbit(y)
		 */
		duk_small_int_t sx = (DUK_SIGNBIT(x) ? 1 : 0);
		duk_small_int_t sy = (DUK_SIGNBIT(y) ? 1 : 0);
		return (sx == sy);
	}

	/* normal comparison; known:
	 *   - both x and y are not NaNs (but one of them can be)
	 *   - both x and y are not zero (but one of them can be)
	 *   - x and y may be denormal or infinite
	 */

	return (x == y);
#else  /* DUK_USE_PARANOID_MATH */
	duk_small_int_t cx = (duk_small_int_t) DUK_FPCLASSIFY(x);
	duk_small_int_t cy = (duk_small_int_t) DUK_FPCLASSIFY(y);

	if (x == y) {
		/* IEEE requires that NaNs compare false */
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_FPCLASSIFY(x) != DUK_FP_NAN);
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_FPCLASSIFY(y) != DUK_FP_NAN);

		/* Using classification has smaller footprint than direct comparison. */
		if (DUK_UNLIKELY(cx == DUK_FP_ZERO && cy == DUK_FP_ZERO)) {
			/* Note: cannot assume that a non-zero return value of signbit() would
			 * always be the same -- hence cannot (portably) use something like:
			 *
			 *     signbit(x) == signbit(y)
			 */
			duk_small_int_t sx = (DUK_SIGNBIT(x) ? 1 : 0);
			duk_small_int_t sy = (DUK_SIGNBIT(y) ? 1 : 0);
			return (sx == sy);
		}
		return 1;
	} else {
		/* IEEE requires that zeros compare the same regardless
		 * of their signed, so if both x and y are zeroes, they
		 * are caught above.
		 */
		DUK_ASSERT(!(DUK_FPCLASSIFY(x) == DUK_FP_ZERO && DUK_FPCLASSIFY(y) == DUK_FP_ZERO));

		/* Difference to non-strict/strict comparison is that NaNs compare
		 * equal and signed zero signs matter.
		 */
		if (DUK_UNLIKELY(cx == DUK_FP_NAN && cy == DUK_FP_NAN)) {
			/* SameValue(NaN, NaN) = true, regardless of NaN sign or extra bits */
			return 1;
		}
		return 0;
	}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_PARANOID_MATH */
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_js_equals_helper(duk_hthread *thr, duk_tval *tv_x, duk_tval *tv_y, duk_small_int_t flags) {
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk_tval *tv_tmp;

	/* If flags != 0 (strict or SameValue), thr can be NULL.  For loose
	 * equals comparison it must be != NULL.
	 */
	DUK_ASSERT(flags != 0 || thr != NULL);

	/*
	 *  Same type?
	 *
	 *  Note: since number values have no explicit tag in the 8-byte
	 *  representation, need the awkward if + switch.
	 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
	if (DUK_TVAL_IS_FASTINT(tv_x) && DUK_TVAL_IS_FASTINT(tv_y)) {
		if (DUK_TVAL_GET_FASTINT(tv_x) == DUK_TVAL_GET_FASTINT(tv_y)) {
			return 1;
		} else {
			return 0;
		}
	}
	else
#endif
	if (DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv_x) && DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv_y)) {
		/* Catches both doubles and cases where only one argument is a fastint */
		if (DUK_UNLIKELY((flags & DUK_EQUALS_FLAG_SAMEVALUE) != 0)) {
			/* SameValue */
			return duk__js_samevalue_number(DUK_TVAL_GET_NUMBER(tv_x),
			                                DUK_TVAL_GET_NUMBER(tv_y));
		} else {
			/* equals and strict equals */
			return duk__js_equals_number(DUK_TVAL_GET_NUMBER(tv_x),
			                             DUK_TVAL_GET_NUMBER(tv_y));
		}
	} else if (DUK_TVAL_GET_TAG(tv_x) == DUK_TVAL_GET_TAG(tv_y)) {
		switch (DUK_TVAL_GET_TAG(tv_x)) {
		case DUK_TAG_UNDEFINED:
		case DUK_TAG_NULL: {
			return 1;
		}
		case DUK_TAG_BOOLEAN: {
			return DUK_TVAL_GET_BOOLEAN(tv_x) == DUK_TVAL_GET_BOOLEAN(tv_y);
		}
		case DUK_TAG_POINTER: {
			return DUK_TVAL_GET_POINTER(tv_x) == DUK_TVAL_GET_POINTER(tv_y);
		}
		case DUK_TAG_STRING:
		case DUK_TAG_OBJECT: {
			/* heap pointer comparison suffices */
			return DUK_TVAL_GET_HEAPHDR(tv_x) == DUK_TVAL_GET_HEAPHDR(tv_y);
		}
		case DUK_TAG_BUFFER: {
			if ((flags & (DUK_EQUALS_FLAG_STRICT | DUK_EQUALS_FLAG_SAMEVALUE)) != 0) {
				/* heap pointer comparison suffices */
				return DUK_TVAL_GET_HEAPHDR(tv_x) == DUK_TVAL_GET_HEAPHDR(tv_y);
			} else {
				/* non-strict equality for buffers compares contents */
				duk_hbuffer *h_x = DUK_TVAL_GET_BUFFER(tv_x);
				duk_hbuffer *h_y = DUK_TVAL_GET_BUFFER(tv_y);
				duk_size_t len_x = DUK_HBUFFER_GET_SIZE(h_x);
				duk_size_t len_y = DUK_HBUFFER_GET_SIZE(h_y);
				void *buf_x;
				void *buf_y;
				if (len_x != len_y) {
					return 0;
				}
				buf_x = (void *) DUK_HBUFFER_GET_DATA_PTR(thr->heap, h_x);
				buf_y = (void *) DUK_HBUFFER_GET_DATA_PTR(thr->heap, h_y);
				/* if len_x == len_y == 0, buf_x and/or buf_y may
				 * be NULL, but that's OK.
				 */
				DUK_ASSERT(len_x == len_y);
				DUK_ASSERT(len_x == 0 || buf_x != NULL);
				DUK_ASSERT(len_y == 0 || buf_y != NULL);
				return (DUK_MEMCMP((const void *) buf_x, (const void *) buf_y, (size_t) len_x) == 0) ? 1 : 0;
			}
		}
		case DUK_TAG_LIGHTFUNC: {
			/* At least 'magic' has a significant impact on function
			 * identity.
			 */
			duk_small_uint_t lf_flags_x;
			duk_small_uint_t lf_flags_y;
			duk_c_function func_x;
			duk_c_function func_y;

			DUK_TVAL_GET_LIGHTFUNC(tv_x, func_x, lf_flags_x);
			DUK_TVAL_GET_LIGHTFUNC(tv_y, func_y, lf_flags_y);
			return ((func_x == func_y) && (lf_flags_x == lf_flags_y)) ? 1 : 0;
		}
#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
		case DUK_TAG_FASTINT:
#endif
		default: {
			DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_TVAL_IS_UNUSED(tv_x));
			DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_TVAL_IS_UNUSED(tv_y));
			DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv_x));
			DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv_y));
			DUK_UNREACHABLE();
			return 0;
		}
		}
	}

	if ((flags & (DUK_EQUALS_FLAG_STRICT | DUK_EQUALS_FLAG_SAMEVALUE)) != 0) {
		return 0;
	}

	DUK_ASSERT(flags == 0);  /* non-strict equality from here on */

	/*
	 *  Types are different; various cases for non-strict comparison
	 *
	 *  Since comparison is symmetric, we use a "swap trick" to reduce
	 *  code size.
	 */

	/* Undefined/null are considered equal (e.g. "null == undefined" -> true). */
	if ((DUK_TVAL_IS_UNDEFINED(tv_x) && DUK_TVAL_IS_NULL(tv_y)) ||
	    (DUK_TVAL_IS_NULL(tv_x) && DUK_TVAL_IS_UNDEFINED(tv_y))) {
		return 1;
	}

	/* Number/string-or-buffer -> coerce string to number (e.g. "'1.5' == 1.5" -> true). */
	if (DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv_x) && (DUK_TVAL_IS_STRING(tv_y) || DUK_TVAL_IS_BUFFER(tv_y))) {
		/* the next 'if' is guaranteed to match after swap */
		tv_tmp = tv_x;
		tv_x = tv_y;
		tv_y = tv_tmp;
	}
	if ((DUK_TVAL_IS_STRING(tv_x) || DUK_TVAL_IS_BUFFER(tv_x)) && DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv_y)) {
		/* XXX: this is possible without resorting to the value stack */
		duk_double_t d1, d2;
		d2 = DUK_TVAL_GET_NUMBER(tv_y);
		duk_push_tval(ctx, tv_x);
		duk_to_string(ctx, -1);  /* buffer values are coerced first to string here */
		duk_to_number(ctx, -1);
		d1 = duk_require_number(ctx, -1);
		duk_pop(ctx);
		return duk__js_equals_number(d1, d2);
	}

	/* Buffer/string -> compare contents. */
	if (DUK_TVAL_IS_BUFFER(tv_x) && DUK_TVAL_IS_STRING(tv_y)) {
		tv_tmp = tv_x;
		tv_x = tv_y;
		tv_y = tv_tmp;
	}
	if (DUK_TVAL_IS_STRING(tv_x) && DUK_TVAL_IS_BUFFER(tv_y)) {
		duk_hstring *h_x = DUK_TVAL_GET_STRING(tv_x);
		duk_hbuffer *h_y = DUK_TVAL_GET_BUFFER(tv_y);
		duk_size_t len_x = DUK_HSTRING_GET_BYTELEN(h_x);
		duk_size_t len_y = DUK_HBUFFER_GET_SIZE(h_y);
		const void *buf_x;
		const void *buf_y;
		if (len_x != len_y) {
			return 0;
		}
		buf_x = (const void *) DUK_HSTRING_GET_DATA(h_x);
		buf_y = (const void *) DUK_HBUFFER_GET_DATA_PTR(thr->heap, h_y);
		/* if len_x == len_y == 0, buf_x and/or buf_y may
		 * be NULL, but that's OK.
		 */
		DUK_ASSERT(len_x == len_y);
		DUK_ASSERT(len_x == 0 || buf_x != NULL);
		DUK_ASSERT(len_y == 0 || buf_y != NULL);
		return (DUK_MEMCMP((const void *) buf_x, (const void *) buf_y, (size_t) len_x) == 0) ? 1 : 0;
	}

	/* Boolean/any -> coerce boolean to number and try again.  If boolean is
	 * compared to a pointer, the final comparison after coercion now always
	 * yields false (as pointer vs. number compares to false), but this is
	 * not special cased.
	 */
	if (DUK_TVAL_IS_BOOLEAN(tv_x)) {
		tv_tmp = tv_x;
		tv_x = tv_y;
		tv_y = tv_tmp;
	}
	if (DUK_TVAL_IS_BOOLEAN(tv_y)) {
		/* ToNumber(bool) is +1.0 or 0.0.  Tagged boolean value is always 0 or 1. */
		duk_bool_t rc;
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_GET_BOOLEAN(tv_y) == 0 || DUK_TVAL_GET_BOOLEAN(tv_y) == 1);
		duk_push_tval(ctx, tv_x);
		duk_push_int(ctx, DUK_TVAL_GET_BOOLEAN(tv_y));
		rc = duk_js_equals_helper(thr,
		                          DUK_GET_TVAL_NEGIDX(ctx, -2),
		                          DUK_GET_TVAL_NEGIDX(ctx, -1),
		                          0 /*flags:nonstrict*/);
		duk_pop_2(ctx);
		return rc;
	}

	/* String-number-buffer/object -> coerce object to primitive (apparently without hint), then try again. */
	if ((DUK_TVAL_IS_STRING(tv_x) || DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv_x) || DUK_TVAL_IS_BUFFER(tv_x)) &&
	    DUK_TVAL_IS_OBJECT(tv_y)) {
		tv_tmp = tv_x;
		tv_x = tv_y;
		tv_y = tv_tmp;
	}
	if (DUK_TVAL_IS_OBJECT(tv_x) &&
	    (DUK_TVAL_IS_STRING(tv_y) || DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv_y) || DUK_TVAL_IS_BUFFER(tv_y))) {
		duk_bool_t rc;
		duk_push_tval(ctx, tv_x);
		duk_push_tval(ctx, tv_y);
		duk_to_primitive(ctx, -2, DUK_HINT_NONE);  /* apparently no hint? */
		rc = duk_js_equals_helper(thr,
		                          DUK_GET_TVAL_NEGIDX(ctx, -2),
		                          DUK_GET_TVAL_NEGIDX(ctx, -1),
		                          0 /*flags:nonstrict*/);
		duk_pop_2(ctx);
		return rc;
	}

	/* Nothing worked -> not equal. */
	return 0;
}

/*
 *  Comparisons (x >= y, x > y, x <= y, x < y)
 *
 *  E5 Section 11.8.5: implement 'x < y' and then use negate and eval_left_first
 *  flags to get the rest.
 */

/* XXX: this should probably just operate on the stack top, because it
 * needs to push stuff on the stack anyway...
 */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_small_int_t duk_js_data_compare(const duk_uint8_t *buf1, const duk_uint8_t *buf2, duk_size_t len1, duk_size_t len2) {
	duk_size_t prefix_len;
	duk_small_int_t rc;

	prefix_len = (len1 <= len2 ? len1 : len2);

	/* DUK_MEMCMP() is guaranteed to return zero (equal) for zero length
	 * inputs so no zero length check is needed.
	 */
	rc = DUK_MEMCMP((const void *) buf1,
	                (const void *) buf2,
	                (size_t) prefix_len);

	if (rc < 0) {
		return -1;
	} else if (rc > 0) {
		return 1;
	}

	/* prefix matches, lengths matter now */
	if (len1 < len2) {
		/* e.g. "x" < "xx" */
		return -1;
	} else if (len1 > len2) {
		return 1;
	}

	return 0;
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_small_int_t duk_js_string_compare(duk_hstring *h1, duk_hstring *h2) {
	/*
	 *  String comparison (E5 Section 11.8.5, step 4), which
	 *  needs to compare codepoint by codepoint.
	 *
	 *  However, UTF-8 allows us to use strcmp directly: the shared
	 *  prefix will be encoded identically (UTF-8 has unique encoding)
	 *  and the first differing character can be compared with a simple
	 *  unsigned byte comparison (which strcmp does).
	 *
	 *  This will not work properly for non-xutf-8 strings, but this
	 *  is not an issue for compliance.
	 */

	DUK_ASSERT(h1 != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(h2 != NULL);

	return duk_js_data_compare((const duk_uint8_t *) DUK_HSTRING_GET_DATA(h1),
	                           (const duk_uint8_t *) DUK_HSTRING_GET_DATA(h2),
	                           (duk_size_t) DUK_HSTRING_GET_BYTELEN(h1),
	                           (duk_size_t) DUK_HSTRING_GET_BYTELEN(h2));
}

#if 0  /* unused */
DUK_INTERNAL duk_small_int_t duk_js_buffer_compare(duk_heap *heap, duk_hbuffer *h1, duk_hbuffer *h2) {
	/* Similar to String comparison. */

	DUK_ASSERT(h1 != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(h2 != NULL);
	DUK_UNREF(heap);

	return duk_js_data_compare((const duk_uint8_t *) DUK_HBUFFER_GET_DATA_PTR(heap, h1),
	                           (const duk_uint8_t *) DUK_HBUFFER_GET_DATA_PTR(heap, h2),
	                           (duk_size_t) DUK_HBUFFER_GET_SIZE(h1),
	                           (duk_size_t) DUK_HBUFFER_GET_SIZE(h2));
}
#endif

DUK_INTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_js_compare_helper(duk_hthread *thr, duk_tval *tv_x, duk_tval *tv_y, duk_small_int_t flags) {
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk_double_t d1, d2;
	duk_small_int_t c1, c2;
	duk_small_int_t s1, s2;
	duk_small_int_t rc;
	duk_bool_t retval;

	/* Fast path for fastints */
#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
	if (DUK_TVAL_IS_FASTINT(tv_x) && DUK_TVAL_IS_FASTINT(tv_y)) {
		duk_int64_t v1 = DUK_TVAL_GET_FASTINT(tv_x);
		duk_int64_t v2 = DUK_TVAL_GET_FASTINT(tv_y);
		if (v1 < v2) {
			/* 'lt is true' */
			retval = 1;
		} else {
			retval = 0;
		}
		if (flags & DUK_COMPARE_FLAG_NEGATE) {
			retval ^= 1;
		}
		return retval;
	}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_FASTINT */

	/* Fast path for numbers (one of which may be a fastint) */
#if 1  /* XXX: make fast paths optional for size minimization? */
	if (DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv_x) && DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv_y)) {
		d1 = DUK_TVAL_GET_NUMBER(tv_x);
		d2 = DUK_TVAL_GET_NUMBER(tv_y);
		c1 = DUK_FPCLASSIFY(d1);
		c2 = DUK_FPCLASSIFY(d2);

		if (c1 == DUK_FP_NORMAL && c2 == DUK_FP_NORMAL) {
			/* XXX: this is a very narrow check, and doesn't cover
			 * zeroes, subnormals, infinities, which compare normally.
			 */

			if (d1 < d2) {
				/* 'lt is true' */
				retval = 1;
			} else {
				retval = 0;
			}
			if (flags & DUK_COMPARE_FLAG_NEGATE) {
				retval ^= 1;
			}
			return retval;
		}
	}
#endif

	/* Slow path */

	duk_push_tval(ctx, tv_x);
	duk_push_tval(ctx, tv_y);

	if (flags & DUK_COMPARE_FLAG_EVAL_LEFT_FIRST) {
		duk_to_primitive(ctx, -2, DUK_HINT_NUMBER);
		duk_to_primitive(ctx, -1, DUK_HINT_NUMBER);
	} else {
		duk_to_primitive(ctx, -1, DUK_HINT_NUMBER);
		duk_to_primitive(ctx, -2, DUK_HINT_NUMBER);
	}

	/* Note: reuse variables */
	tv_x = DUK_GET_TVAL_NEGIDX(ctx, -2);
	tv_y = DUK_GET_TVAL_NEGIDX(ctx, -1);

	if (DUK_TVAL_IS_STRING(tv_x) && DUK_TVAL_IS_STRING(tv_y)) {
		duk_hstring *h1 = DUK_TVAL_GET_STRING(tv_x);
		duk_hstring *h2 = DUK_TVAL_GET_STRING(tv_y);
		DUK_ASSERT(h1 != NULL);
		DUK_ASSERT(h2 != NULL);

		rc = duk_js_string_compare(h1, h2);
		if (rc < 0) {
			goto lt_true;
		} else {
			goto lt_false;
		}
	} else {
		/* Ordering should not matter (E5 Section 11.8.5, step 3.a) but
		 * preserve it just in case.
		 */

		if (flags & DUK_COMPARE_FLAG_EVAL_LEFT_FIRST) {
			d1 = duk_to_number(ctx, -2);
			d2 = duk_to_number(ctx, -1);
		} else {
			d2 = duk_to_number(ctx, -1);
			d1 = duk_to_number(ctx, -2);
		}

		c1 = (duk_small_int_t) DUK_FPCLASSIFY(d1);
		s1 = (duk_small_int_t) DUK_SIGNBIT(d1);
		c2 = (duk_small_int_t) DUK_FPCLASSIFY(d2);
		s2 = (duk_small_int_t) DUK_SIGNBIT(d2);

		if (c1 == DUK_FP_NAN || c2 == DUK_FP_NAN) {
			goto lt_undefined;
		}

		if (c1 == DUK_FP_ZERO && c2 == DUK_FP_ZERO) {
			/* For all combinations: +0 < +0, +0 < -0, -0 < +0, -0 < -0,
			 * steps e, f, and g.
			 */
			goto lt_false;
		}

		if (d1 == d2) {
			goto lt_false;
		}

		if (c1 == DUK_FP_INFINITE && s1 == 0) {
			/* x == +Infinity */
			goto lt_false;
		}

		if (c2 == DUK_FP_INFINITE && s2 == 0) {
			/* y == +Infinity */
			goto lt_true;
		}

		if (c2 == DUK_FP_INFINITE && s2 != 0) {
			/* y == -Infinity */
			goto lt_false;
		}

		if (c1 == DUK_FP_INFINITE && s1 != 0) {
			/* x == -Infinity */
			goto lt_true;
		}

		if (d1 < d2) {
			goto lt_true;
		}

		goto lt_false;
	}

 lt_undefined:
	/* Note: undefined from Section 11.8.5 always results in false
	 * return (see e.g. Section 11.8.3) - hence special treatment here.
	 */
	retval = 0;
	goto cleanup;

 lt_true:
	if (flags & DUK_COMPARE_FLAG_NEGATE) {
		retval = 0;
		goto cleanup;
	} else {
		retval = 1;
		goto cleanup;
	}
	/* never here */

 lt_false:
	if (flags & DUK_COMPARE_FLAG_NEGATE) {
		retval = 1;
		goto cleanup;
	} else {
		retval = 0;
		goto cleanup;
	}
	/* never here */

 cleanup:
	duk_pop_2(ctx);
	return retval;
}

/*
 *  instanceof
 */

/*
 *  E5 Section 11.8.6 describes the main algorithm, which uses
 *  [[HasInstance]].  [[HasInstance]] is defined for only
 *  function objects:
 *
 *    - Normal functions:
 *      E5 Section 15.3.5.3
 *    - Functions established with Function.prototype.bind():
 *      E5 Section 15.3.4.5.3
 *
 *  For other objects, a TypeError is thrown.
 *
 *  Limited Proxy support: don't support 'getPrototypeOf' trap but
 *  continue lookup in Proxy target if the value is a Proxy.
 */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_js_instanceof(duk_hthread *thr, duk_tval *tv_x, duk_tval *tv_y) {
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk_hobject *func;
	duk_hobject *val;
	duk_hobject *proto;
	duk_uint_t sanity;

	/*
	 *  Get the values onto the stack first.  It would be possible to cover
	 *  some normal cases without resorting to the value stack.
	 *
	 *  The right hand side could be a light function (as they generally
	 *  behave like objects).  Light functions never have a 'prototype'
	 *  property so E5.1 Section 15.3.5.3 step 3 always throws a TypeError.
	 *  Using duk_require_hobject() is thus correct (except for error msg).
	 */

	duk_push_tval(ctx, tv_x);
	duk_push_tval(ctx, tv_y);
	func = duk_require_hobject(ctx, -1);

	/*
	 *  For bound objects, [[HasInstance]] just calls the target function
	 *  [[HasInstance]].  If that is again a bound object, repeat until
	 *  we find a non-bound Function object.
	 */

	/* XXX: this bound function resolution also happens elsewhere,
	 * move into a shared helper.
	 */

	sanity = DUK_HOBJECT_BOUND_CHAIN_SANITY;
	do {
		/* check func supports [[HasInstance]] (this is checked for every function
		 * in the bound chain, including the final one)
		 */

		if (!DUK_HOBJECT_IS_CALLABLE(func)) {
			/*
			 *  Note: of native Ecmascript objects, only Function instances
			 *  have a [[HasInstance]] internal property.  Custom objects might
			 *  also have it, but not in current implementation.
			 *
			 *  XXX: add a separate flag, DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_ALLOW_INSTANCEOF?
			 */
			DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, "invalid instanceof rval");
		}

		if (!DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_BOUND(func)) {
			break;
		}

		/* [ ... lval rval ] */

		duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, -1, DUK_STRIDX_INT_TARGET);         /* -> [ ... lval rval new_rval ] */
		duk_replace(ctx, -1);                                        /* -> [ ... lval new_rval ] */
		func = duk_require_hobject(ctx, -1);

		/* func support for [[HasInstance]] checked in the beginning of the loop */
	} while (--sanity > 0);

	if (sanity == 0) {
		DUK_ERROR_RANGE(thr, DUK_STR_BOUND_CHAIN_LIMIT);
	}

	/*
	 *  'func' is now a non-bound object which supports [[HasInstance]]
	 *  (which here just means DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_CALLABLE).  Move on
	 *  to execute E5 Section 15.3.5.3.
	 */

	DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_BOUND(func));
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_IS_CALLABLE(func));

	/* [ ... lval rval(func) ] */

	/* Handle lightfuncs through object coercion for now. */
	/* XXX: direct implementation */
	val = duk_get_hobject_or_lfunc_coerce(ctx, -2);
	if (!val) {
		goto pop_and_false;
	}

	duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, -1, DUK_STRIDX_PROTOTYPE);  /* -> [ ... lval rval rval.prototype ] */
	proto = duk_require_hobject(ctx, -1);
	duk_pop(ctx);  /* -> [ ... lval rval ] */

	DUK_ASSERT(val != NULL);

#if defined(DUK_USE_ES6_PROXY)
	val = duk_hobject_resolve_proxy_target(thr, val);
	DUK_ASSERT(val != NULL);
#endif

	sanity = DUK_HOBJECT_PROTOTYPE_CHAIN_SANITY;
	do {
		/*
		 *  Note: prototype chain is followed BEFORE first comparison.  This
		 *  means that the instanceof lval is never itself compared to the
		 *  rval.prototype property.  This is apparently intentional, see E5
		 *  Section 15.3.5.3, step 4.a.
		 *
		 *  Also note:
		 *
		 *      js> (function() {}) instanceof Function
		 *      true
		 *      js> Function instanceof Function
		 *      true
		 *
		 *  For the latter, h_proto will be Function.prototype, which is the
		 *  built-in Function prototype.  Because Function.[[Prototype]] is
		 *  also the built-in Function prototype, the result is true.
		 */

		DUK_ASSERT(val != NULL);
		val = DUK_HOBJECT_GET_PROTOTYPE(thr->heap, val);

		if (!val) {
			goto pop_and_false;
		}

		DUK_ASSERT(val != NULL);
#if defined(DUK_USE_ES6_PROXY)
		val = duk_hobject_resolve_proxy_target(thr, val);
#endif

		if (val == proto) {
			goto pop_and_true;
		}

		/* follow prototype chain */
	} while (--sanity > 0);

	if (sanity == 0) {
		DUK_ERROR_RANGE(thr, DUK_STR_PROTOTYPE_CHAIN_LIMIT);
	}
	DUK_UNREACHABLE();

 pop_and_false:
	duk_pop_2(ctx);
	return 0;

 pop_and_true:
	duk_pop_2(ctx);
	return 1;
}

/*
 *  in
 */

/*
 *  E5 Sections 11.8.7, 8.12.6.
 *
 *  Basically just a property existence check using [[HasProperty]].
 */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_js_in(duk_hthread *thr, duk_tval *tv_x, duk_tval *tv_y) {
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk_bool_t retval;

	/*
	 *  Get the values onto the stack first.  It would be possible to cover
	 *  some normal cases without resorting to the value stack (e.g. if
	 *  lval is already a string).
	 */

	/* XXX: The ES5/5.1/6 specifications require that the key in 'key in obj'
	 * must be string coerced before the internal HasProperty() algorithm is
	 * invoked.  A fast path skipping coercion could be safely implemented for
	 * numbers (as number-to-string coercion has no side effects).  For ES6
	 * proxy behavior, the trap 'key' argument must be in a string coerced
	 * form (which is a shame).
	 */

	/* TypeError if rval is not an object (or lightfunc which should behave
	 * like a Function instance).
	 */
	duk_push_tval(ctx, tv_x);
	duk_push_tval(ctx, tv_y);
	duk_require_type_mask(ctx, -1, DUK_TYPE_MASK_OBJECT | DUK_TYPE_MASK_LIGHTFUNC);
	duk_to_string(ctx, -2);               /* coerce lval with ToString() */

	retval = duk_hobject_hasprop(thr,
	                             DUK_GET_TVAL_NEGIDX(ctx, -1),
	                             DUK_GET_TVAL_NEGIDX(ctx, -2));

	duk_pop_2(ctx);
	return retval;
}

/*
 *  typeof
 *
 *  E5 Section 11.4.3.
 *
 *  Very straightforward.  The only question is what to return for our
 *  non-standard tag / object types.
 *
 *  There is an unfortunate string constant define naming problem with
 *  typeof return values for e.g. "Object" and "object"; careful with
 *  the built-in string defines.  The LC_XXX defines are used for the
 *  lowercase variants now.
 */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_hstring *duk_js_typeof(duk_hthread *thr, duk_tval *tv_x) {
	duk_small_int_t stridx = 0;

	DUK_UNREF(thr);

	switch (DUK_TVAL_GET_TAG(tv_x)) {
	case DUK_TAG_UNDEFINED: {
		stridx = DUK_STRIDX_LC_UNDEFINED;
		break;
	}
	case DUK_TAG_NULL: {
		/* Note: not a typo, "object" is returned for a null value */
		stridx = DUK_STRIDX_LC_OBJECT;
		break;
	}
	case DUK_TAG_BOOLEAN: {
		stridx = DUK_STRIDX_LC_BOOLEAN;
		break;
	}
	case DUK_TAG_POINTER: {
		/* implementation specific */
		stridx = DUK_STRIDX_LC_POINTER;
		break;
	}
	case DUK_TAG_STRING: {
		stridx = DUK_STRIDX_LC_STRING;
		break;
	}
	case DUK_TAG_OBJECT: {
		duk_hobject *obj = DUK_TVAL_GET_OBJECT(tv_x);
		DUK_ASSERT(obj != NULL);
		if (DUK_HOBJECT_IS_CALLABLE(obj)) {
			stridx = DUK_STRIDX_LC_FUNCTION;
		} else {
			stridx = DUK_STRIDX_LC_OBJECT;
		}
		break;
	}
	case DUK_TAG_BUFFER: {
		/* implementation specific */
		stridx = DUK_STRIDX_LC_BUFFER;
		break;
	}
	case DUK_TAG_LIGHTFUNC: {
		stridx = DUK_STRIDX_LC_FUNCTION;
		break;
	}
#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
	case DUK_TAG_FASTINT:
#endif
	default: {
		/* number */
		DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_TVAL_IS_UNUSED(tv_x));
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv_x));
		stridx = DUK_STRIDX_LC_NUMBER;
		break;
	}
	}

	DUK_ASSERT(stridx >= 0 && stridx < DUK_HEAP_NUM_STRINGS);
	return DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING(thr, stridx);
}

/*
 *  Array index and length
 *
 *  Array index: E5 Section 15.4
 *  Array length: E5 Section 15.4.5.1 steps 3.c - 3.d (array length write)
 *
 *  The DUK_HSTRING_GET_ARRIDX_SLOW() and DUK_HSTRING_GET_ARRIDX_FAST() macros
 *  call duk_js_to_arrayindex_string_helper().
 */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_small_int_t duk_js_to_arrayindex_raw_string(const duk_uint8_t *str, duk_uint32_t blen, duk_uarridx_t *out_idx) {
	duk_uarridx_t res, new_res;

	if (blen == 0 || blen > 10) {
		goto parse_fail;
	}
	if (str[0] == (duk_uint8_t) '0' && blen > 1) {
		goto parse_fail;
	}

	/* Accept 32-bit decimal integers, no leading zeroes, signs, etc.
	 * Leading zeroes are not accepted (zero index "0" is an exception
	 * handled above).
	 */

	res = 0;
	while (blen-- > 0) {
		duk_uint8_t c = *str++;
		if (c >= (duk_uint8_t) '0' && c <= (duk_uint8_t) '9') {
			new_res = res * 10 + (duk_uint32_t) (c - (duk_uint8_t) '0');
			if (new_res < res) {
				/* overflow, more than 32 bits -> not an array index */
				goto parse_fail;
			}
			res = new_res;
		} else {
			goto parse_fail;
		}
	}

	*out_idx = res;
	return 1;

 parse_fail:
	*out_idx = DUK_HSTRING_NO_ARRAY_INDEX;
	return 0;
}

/* Called by duk_hstring.h macros */
DUK_INTERNAL duk_uarridx_t duk_js_to_arrayindex_string_helper(duk_hstring *h) {
	duk_uarridx_t res;
	duk_small_int_t rc;

	if (!DUK_HSTRING_HAS_ARRIDX(h)) {
		return DUK_HSTRING_NO_ARRAY_INDEX;
	}

	rc = duk_js_to_arrayindex_raw_string(DUK_HSTRING_GET_DATA(h),
	                                     DUK_HSTRING_GET_BYTELEN(h),
	                                     &res);
	DUK_UNREF(rc);
	DUK_ASSERT(rc != 0);
	return res;
}
/*
 *  Identifier access and function closure handling.
 *
 *  Provides the primitives for slow path identifier accesses: GETVAR,
 *  PUTVAR, DELVAR, etc.  The fast path, direct register accesses, should
 *  be used for most identifier accesses.  Consequently, these slow path
 *  primitives should be optimized for maximum compactness.
 *
 *  Ecmascript environment records (declarative and object) are represented
 *  as internal objects with control keys.  Environment records have a
 *  parent record ("outer environment reference") which is represented by
 *  the implicit prototype for technical reasons (in other words, it is a
 *  convenient field).  The prototype chain is not followed in the ordinary
 *  sense for variable lookups.
 *
 *  See identifier-handling.rst for more details on the identifier algorithms
 *  and the internal representation.  See function-objects.rst for details on
 *  what function templates and instances are expected to look like.
 *
 *  Care must be taken to avoid duk_tval pointer invalidation caused by
 *  e.g. value stack or object resizing.
 *
 *  TODO: properties for function instances could be initialized much more
 *  efficiently by creating a property allocation for a certain size and
 *  filling in keys and values directly (and INCREFing both with "bulk incref"
 *  primitives.
 *
 *  XXX: duk_hobject_getprop() and duk_hobject_putprop() calls are a bit
 *  awkward (especially because they follow the prototype chain); rework
 *  if "raw" own property helpers are added.
 */

/* include removed: duk_internal.h */

/*
 *  Local result type for duk__get_identifier_reference() lookup.
 */

typedef struct {
	duk_hobject *holder;      /* for object-bound identifiers */
	duk_tval *value;          /* for register-bound and declarative env identifiers */
	duk_int_t attrs;          /* property attributes for identifier (relevant if value != NULL) */
	duk_tval *this_binding;
	duk_hobject *env;
} duk__id_lookup_result;

/*
 *  Create a new function object based on a "template function" which contains
 *  compiled bytecode, constants, etc, but lacks a lexical environment.
 *
 *  Ecmascript requires that each created closure is a separate object, with
 *  its own set of editable properties.  However, structured property values
 *  (such as the formal arguments list and the variable map) are shared.
 *  Also the bytecode, constants, and inner functions are shared.
 *
 *  See E5 Section 13.2 for detailed requirements on the function objects;
 *  there are no similar requirements for function "templates" which are an
 *  implementation dependent internal feature.  Also see function-objects.rst
 *  for a discussion on the function instance properties provided by this
 *  implementation.
 *
 *  Notes:
 *
 *   * Order of internal properties should match frequency of use, since the
 *     properties will be linearly scanned on lookup (functions usually don't
 *     have enough properties to warrant a hash part).
 *
 *   * The created closure is independent of its template; they do share the
 *     same 'data' buffer object, but the template object itself can be freed
 *     even if the closure object remains reachable.
 */

DUK_LOCAL void duk__inc_data_inner_refcounts(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hcompiledfunction *f) {
	duk_tval *tv, *tv_end;
	duk_hobject **funcs, **funcs_end;

	/* If function creation fails due to out-of-memory, the data buffer
	 * pointer may be NULL in some cases.  That's actually possible for
	 * GC code, but shouldn't be possible here because the incomplete
	 * function will be unwound from the value stack and never instantiated.
	 */
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_DATA(thr->heap, f) != NULL);
	DUK_UNREF(thr);

	tv = DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_CONSTS_BASE(thr->heap, f);
	tv_end = DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_CONSTS_END(thr->heap, f);
	while (tv < tv_end) {
		DUK_TVAL_INCREF(thr, tv);
		tv++;
	}

	funcs = DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_FUNCS_BASE(thr->heap, f);
	funcs_end = DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_FUNCS_END(thr->heap, f);
	while (funcs < funcs_end) {
		DUK_HEAPHDR_INCREF(thr, (duk_heaphdr *) *funcs);
		funcs++;
	}
}

/* Push a new closure on the stack.
 *
 * Note: if fun_temp has NEWENV, i.e. a new lexical and variable declaration
 * is created when the function is called, only outer_lex_env matters
 * (outer_var_env is ignored and may or may not be same as outer_lex_env).
 */

DUK_LOCAL const duk_uint16_t duk__closure_copy_proplist[] = {
	/* order: most frequent to least frequent */
	DUK_STRIDX_INT_VARMAP,
	DUK_STRIDX_INT_FORMALS,
	DUK_STRIDX_NAME,
	DUK_STRIDX_INT_PC2LINE,
	DUK_STRIDX_FILE_NAME,
	DUK_STRIDX_INT_SOURCE
};

DUK_INTERNAL
void duk_js_push_closure(duk_hthread *thr,
                         duk_hcompiledfunction *fun_temp,
                         duk_hobject *outer_var_env,
                         duk_hobject *outer_lex_env,
                         duk_bool_t add_auto_proto) {
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk_hcompiledfunction *fun_clos;
	duk_small_uint_t i;
	duk_uint_t len_value;

	DUK_ASSERT(fun_temp != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_DATA(thr->heap, fun_temp) != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_FUNCS(thr->heap, fun_temp) != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_BYTECODE(thr->heap, fun_temp) != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(outer_var_env != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(outer_lex_env != NULL);
	DUK_UNREF(len_value);

	duk_push_compiledfunction(ctx);
	duk_push_hobject(ctx, &fun_temp->obj);  /* -> [ ... closure template ] */

	fun_clos = (duk_hcompiledfunction *) duk_get_hcompiledfunction(ctx, -2);
	DUK_ASSERT(fun_clos != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_IS_COMPILEDFUNCTION((duk_hobject *) fun_clos));
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_DATA(thr->heap, fun_clos) == NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_FUNCS(thr->heap, fun_clos) == NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_BYTECODE(thr->heap, fun_clos) == NULL);

	DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_SET_DATA(thr->heap, fun_clos, DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_DATA(thr->heap, fun_temp));
	DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_SET_FUNCS(thr->heap, fun_clos, DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_FUNCS(thr->heap, fun_temp));
	DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_SET_BYTECODE(thr->heap, fun_clos, DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_BYTECODE(thr->heap, fun_temp));

	/* Note: all references inside 'data' need to get their refcounts
	 * upped too.  This is the case because refcounts are decreased
	 * through every function referencing 'data' independently.
	 */

	DUK_HBUFFER_INCREF(thr, DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_DATA(thr->heap, fun_clos));
	duk__inc_data_inner_refcounts(thr, fun_temp);

	fun_clos->nregs = fun_temp->nregs;
	fun_clos->nargs = fun_temp->nargs;
#if defined(DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_SUPPORT)
	fun_clos->start_line = fun_temp->start_line;
	fun_clos->end_line = fun_temp->end_line;
#endif

	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_DATA(thr->heap, fun_clos) != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_FUNCS(thr->heap, fun_clos) != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_BYTECODE(thr->heap, fun_clos) != NULL);

	/* XXX: could also copy from template, but there's no way to have any
	 * other value here now (used code has no access to the template).
	 */
	DUK_HOBJECT_SET_PROTOTYPE_UPDREF(thr, &fun_clos->obj, thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_FUNCTION_PROTOTYPE]);

	/*
	 *  Init/assert flags, copying them where appropriate.  Some flags
	 *  (like NEWENV) are processed separately below.
	 */

	/* XXX: copy flags using a mask */

	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXTENSIBLE(&fun_clos->obj));
	DUK_HOBJECT_SET_CONSTRUCTABLE(&fun_clos->obj);  /* Note: not set in template (has no "prototype") */
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_CONSTRUCTABLE(&fun_clos->obj));
	DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_BOUND(&fun_clos->obj));
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_COMPILEDFUNCTION(&fun_clos->obj));
	DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_NATIVEFUNCTION(&fun_clos->obj));
	DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_THREAD(&fun_clos->obj));
	/* DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_ARRAY_PART: don't care */
	if (DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_STRICT(&fun_temp->obj)) {
		DUK_HOBJECT_SET_STRICT(&fun_clos->obj);
	}
	if (DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_NOTAIL(&fun_temp->obj)) {
		DUK_HOBJECT_SET_NOTAIL(&fun_clos->obj);
	}
	/* DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_NEWENV: handled below */
	if (DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_NAMEBINDING(&fun_temp->obj)) {
		/* Although NAMEBINDING is not directly needed for using
		 * function instances, it's needed by bytecode dump/load
		 * so copy it too.
		 */
		DUK_HOBJECT_SET_NAMEBINDING(&fun_clos->obj);
	}
	if (DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_CREATEARGS(&fun_temp->obj)) {
		DUK_HOBJECT_SET_CREATEARGS(&fun_clos->obj);
	}
	DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_ARRAY(&fun_clos->obj));
	DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_STRINGOBJ(&fun_clos->obj));
	DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_ARGUMENTS(&fun_clos->obj));

	/*
	 *  Setup environment record properties based on the template and
	 *  its flags.
	 *
	 *  If DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_NEWENV(fun_temp) is true, the environment
	 *  records represent identifiers "outside" the function; the
	 *  "inner" environment records are created on demand.  Otherwise,
	 *  the environment records are those that will be directly used
	 *  (e.g. for declarations).
	 *
	 *  _Lexenv is always set; _Varenv defaults to _Lexenv if missing,
	 *  so _Varenv is only set if _Lexenv != _Varenv.
	 *
	 *  This is relatively complex, see doc/identifier-handling.rst.
	 */

	if (DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_NEWENV(&fun_temp->obj)) {
		DUK_HOBJECT_SET_NEWENV(&fun_clos->obj);

		if (DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_NAMEBINDING(&fun_temp->obj)) {
			duk_hobject *proto;

			/*
			 *  Named function expression, name needs to be bound
			 *  in an intermediate environment record.  The "outer"
			 *  lexical/variable environment will thus be:
			 *
			 *  a) { funcname: <func>, __prototype: outer_lex_env }
			 *  b) { funcname: <func>, __prototype:  <globalenv> }  (if outer_lex_env missing)
			 */

			DUK_ASSERT(duk_has_prop_stridx(ctx, -1, DUK_STRIDX_NAME));  /* required if NAMEBINDING set */

			if (outer_lex_env) {
				proto = outer_lex_env;
			} else {
				proto = thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_GLOBAL_ENV];
			}

			/* -> [ ... closure template env ] */
			(void) duk_push_object_helper_proto(ctx,
			                                    DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXTENSIBLE |
			                                    DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_AS_FLAGS(DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_DECENV),
			                                    proto);

			/* It's important that duk_xdef_prop() is a 'raw define' so that any
			 * properties in an ancestor are never an issue (they should never be
			 * e.g. non-writable, but just in case).
			 */
			duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_NAME);       /* -> [ ... closure template env funcname ] */
			duk_dup(ctx, -4);                                    /* -> [ ... closure template env funcname closure ] */
			duk_xdef_prop(ctx, -3, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_NONE);     /* -> [ ... closure template env ] */
			/* env[funcname] = closure */

			/* [ ... closure template env ] */

			duk_xdef_prop_stridx(ctx, -3, DUK_STRIDX_INT_LEXENV, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_WC);
			/* since closure has NEWENV, never define DUK_STRIDX_INT_VARENV, as it
			 * will be ignored anyway
			 */

			/* [ ... closure template ] */
		} else {
			/*
			 *  Other cases (function declaration, anonymous function expression,
			 *  strict direct eval code).  The "outer" environment will be whatever
			 *  the caller gave us.
			 */

			duk_push_hobject(ctx, outer_lex_env);  /* -> [ ... closure template env ] */
			duk_xdef_prop_stridx(ctx, -3, DUK_STRIDX_INT_LEXENV, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_WC);
			/* since closure has NEWENV, never define DUK_STRIDX_INT_VARENV, as it
			 * will be ignored anyway
			 */

			/* [ ... closure template ] */
		}
	} else {
		/*
		 *  Function gets no new environment when called.  This is the
		 *  case for global code, indirect eval code, and non-strict
		 *  direct eval code.  There is no direct correspondence to the
		 *  E5 specification, as global/eval code is not exposed as a
		 *  function.
		 */

		DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_NAMEBINDING(&fun_temp->obj));

		duk_push_hobject(ctx, outer_lex_env);  /* -> [ ... closure template env ] */
		duk_xdef_prop_stridx(ctx, -3, DUK_STRIDX_INT_LEXENV, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_WC);

		if (outer_var_env != outer_lex_env) {
			duk_push_hobject(ctx, outer_var_env);  /* -> [ ... closure template env ] */
			duk_xdef_prop_stridx(ctx, -3, DUK_STRIDX_INT_VARENV, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_WC);
		}
	}
#ifdef DUK_USE_DDDPRINT
	duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_INT_VARENV);
	duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, -3, DUK_STRIDX_INT_LEXENV);
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("closure varenv -> %!ipT, lexenv -> %!ipT",
	                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -2),
	                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));
	duk_pop_2(ctx);
#endif

	/*
	 *  Copy some internal properties directly
	 *
	 *  The properties will be writable and configurable, but not enumerable.
	 */

	/* [ ... closure template ] */

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("copying properties: closure=%!iT, template=%!iT",
	                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -2),
	                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));

	for (i = 0; i < (duk_small_uint_t) (sizeof(duk__closure_copy_proplist) / sizeof(duk_uint16_t)); i++) {
		duk_small_int_t stridx = (duk_small_int_t) duk__closure_copy_proplist[i];
		if (duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, -1, stridx)) {
			/* [ ... closure template val ] */
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("copying property, stridx=%ld -> found", (long) stridx));
			duk_xdef_prop_stridx(ctx, -3, stridx, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_WC);
		} else {
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("copying property, stridx=%ld -> not found", (long) stridx));
			duk_pop(ctx);
		}
	}

	/*
	 *  "length" maps to number of formals (E5 Section 13.2) for function
	 *  declarations/expressions (non-bound functions).  Note that 'nargs'
	 *  is NOT necessarily equal to the number of arguments.
	 */

	/* [ ... closure template ] */

	len_value = 0;

	/* XXX: use helper for size optimization */
	if (duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_INT_FORMALS)) {
		/* [ ... closure template formals ] */
		DUK_ASSERT(duk_has_prop_stridx(ctx, -1, DUK_STRIDX_LENGTH));
		DUK_ASSERT(duk_get_length(ctx, -1) <= DUK_UINT_MAX);  /* formal arg limits */
		len_value = (duk_uint_t) duk_get_length(ctx, -1);
	} else {
		/* XXX: what to do if _Formals is not empty but compiler has
		 * optimized it away -- read length from an explicit property
		 * then?
		 */
	}
	duk_pop(ctx);

	duk_push_uint(ctx, len_value);  /* [ ... closure template len_value ] */
	duk_xdef_prop_stridx(ctx, -3, DUK_STRIDX_LENGTH, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_NONE);

	/*
	 *  "prototype" is, by default, a fresh object with the "constructor"
	 *  property.
	 *
	 *  Note that this creates a circular reference for every function
	 *  instance (closure) which prevents refcount-based collection of
	 *  function instances.
	 *
	 *  XXX: Try to avoid creating the default prototype object, because
	 *  many functions are not used as constructors and the default
	 *  prototype is unnecessary.  Perhaps it could be created on-demand
	 *  when it is first accessed?
	 */

	/* [ ... closure template ] */

	if (add_auto_proto) {
		duk_push_object(ctx);  /* -> [ ... closure template newobj ] */
		duk_dup(ctx, -3);          /* -> [ ... closure template newobj closure ] */
		duk_xdef_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_CONSTRUCTOR, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_WC);  /* -> [ ... closure template newobj ] */
		duk_compact(ctx, -1);  /* compact the prototype */
		duk_xdef_prop_stridx(ctx, -3, DUK_STRIDX_PROTOTYPE, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_W);     /* -> [ ... closure template ] */
	}

	/*
	 *  "arguments" and "caller" must be mapped to throwers for strict
	 *  mode and bound functions (E5 Section 15.3.5).
	 *
	 *  XXX: This is expensive to have for every strict function instance.
	 *  Try to implement as virtual properties or on-demand created properties.
	 */

	/* [ ... closure template ] */

	if (DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_STRICT(&fun_clos->obj)) {
		duk_xdef_prop_stridx_thrower(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_CALLER, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_NONE);
		duk_xdef_prop_stridx_thrower(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_LC_ARGUMENTS, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_NONE);
	} else {
#ifdef DUK_USE_NONSTD_FUNC_CALLER_PROPERTY
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("function is non-strict and non-standard 'caller' property in use, add initial 'null' value"));
		duk_push_null(ctx);
		duk_xdef_prop_stridx(ctx, -3, DUK_STRIDX_CALLER, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_NONE);
#else
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("function is non-strict and non-standard 'caller' property not used"));
#endif
	}

	/*
	 *  "name" is a non-standard property found in at least V8, Rhino, smjs.
	 *  For Rhino and smjs it is non-writable, non-enumerable, and non-configurable;
	 *  for V8 it is writable, non-enumerable, non-configurable.  It is also defined
	 *  for an anonymous function expression in which case the value is an empty string.
	 *  We could also leave name 'undefined' for anonymous functions but that would
	 *  differ from behavior of other engines, so use an empty string.
	 *
	 *  XXX: make optional?  costs something per function.
	 */

	/* [ ... closure template ] */

	if (duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, -1, DUK_STRIDX_NAME)) {
		/* [ ... closure template name ] */
		DUK_ASSERT(duk_is_string(ctx, -1));
	} else {
		/* [ ... closure template undefined ] */
		duk_pop(ctx);
		duk_push_hstring_stridx(ctx, DUK_STRIDX_EMPTY_STRING);
	}
	duk_xdef_prop_stridx(ctx, -3, DUK_STRIDX_NAME, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_NONE);  /* -> [ ... closure template ] */

	/*
	 *  Compact the closure, in most cases no properties will be added later.
	 *  Also, without this the closures end up having unused property slots
	 *  (e.g. in Duktape 0.9.0, 8 slots would be allocated and only 7 used).
	 *  A better future solution would be to allocate the closure directly
	 *  to correct size (and setup the properties directly without going
	 *  through the API).
	 */

	duk_compact(ctx, -2);

	/*
	 *  Some assertions (E5 Section 13.2).
	 */

	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_GET_CLASS_NUMBER(&fun_clos->obj) == DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_FUNCTION);
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_GET_PROTOTYPE(thr->heap, &fun_clos->obj) == thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_FUNCTION_PROTOTYPE]);
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXTENSIBLE(&fun_clos->obj));
	DUK_ASSERT(duk_has_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_LENGTH) != 0);
	DUK_ASSERT(add_auto_proto == 0 || duk_has_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_PROTOTYPE) != 0);
	DUK_ASSERT(duk_has_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_NAME) != 0);  /* non-standard */
	DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_STRICT(&fun_clos->obj) ||
	           duk_has_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_CALLER) != 0);
	DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_STRICT(&fun_clos->obj) ||
	           duk_has_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_LC_ARGUMENTS) != 0);

	/*
	 *  Finish
	 */

	/* [ ... closure template ] */

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("created function instance: template=%!iT -> closure=%!iT",
	                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1),
	                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -2)));

	duk_pop(ctx);

	/* [ ... closure ] */
}

/*
 *  Delayed activation environment record initialization (for functions
 *  with NEWENV).
 *
 *  The non-delayed initialization is handled by duk_handle_call().
 */

/* shared helper */
DUK_INTERNAL
duk_hobject *duk_create_activation_environment_record(duk_hthread *thr,
                                                      duk_hobject *func,
                                                      duk_size_t idx_bottom) {
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk_hobject *env;
	duk_hobject *parent;
	duk_tval *tv;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(func != NULL);

	tv = duk_hobject_find_existing_entry_tval_ptr(thr->heap, func, DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_INT_LEXENV(thr));
	if (tv) {
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_OBJECT(tv));
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_IS_ENV(DUK_TVAL_GET_OBJECT(tv)));
		parent = DUK_TVAL_GET_OBJECT(tv);
	} else {
		parent = thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_GLOBAL_ENV];
	}

	(void) duk_push_object_helper(ctx,
	                              DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXTENSIBLE |
	                              DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_AS_FLAGS(DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_DECENV),
	                              -1);  /* no prototype, updated below */
	env = duk_require_hobject(ctx, -1);
	DUK_ASSERT(env != NULL);
	DUK_HOBJECT_SET_PROTOTYPE_UPDREF(thr, env, parent);  /* parent env is the prototype */

	/* open scope information, for compiled functions only */

	if (DUK_HOBJECT_IS_COMPILEDFUNCTION(func)) {
		duk_push_hthread(ctx, thr);
		duk_xdef_prop_stridx_wec(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_INT_THREAD);
		duk_push_hobject(ctx, func);
		duk_xdef_prop_stridx_wec(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_INT_CALLEE);
		duk_push_size_t(ctx, idx_bottom);
		duk_xdef_prop_stridx_wec(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_INT_REGBASE);
	}

	return env;
}

DUK_INTERNAL
void duk_js_init_activation_environment_records_delayed(duk_hthread *thr,
                                                        duk_activation *act) {
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk_hobject *func;
	duk_hobject *env;

	func = DUK_ACT_GET_FUNC(act);
	DUK_ASSERT(func != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_BOUND(func));  /* bound functions are never in act 'func' */

	/*
	 *  Delayed initialization only occurs for 'NEWENV' functions.
	 */

	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_NEWENV(func));
	DUK_ASSERT(act->lex_env == NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(act->var_env == NULL);

	env = duk_create_activation_environment_record(thr, func, act->idx_bottom);
	DUK_ASSERT(env != NULL);

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("created delayed fresh env: %!ipO", (duk_heaphdr *) env));
#ifdef DUK_USE_DDDPRINT
	{
		duk_hobject *p = env;
		while (p) {
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("  -> %!ipO", (duk_heaphdr *) p));
			p = DUK_HOBJECT_GET_PROTOTYPE(thr->heap, p);
		}
	}
#endif

	act->lex_env = env;
	act->var_env = env;
	DUK_HOBJECT_INCREF(thr, env);  /* XXX: incref by count (here 2 times) */
	DUK_HOBJECT_INCREF(thr, env);

	duk_pop(ctx);
}

/*
 *  Closing environment records.
 *
 *  The environment record MUST be closed with the thread where its activation
 *  is.  In other words (if 'env' is open):
 *
 *    - 'thr' must match _env.thread
 *    - 'func' must match _env.callee
 *    - 'regbase' must match _env.regbase
 *
 *  These are not looked up from the env to minimize code size.
 *
 *  XXX: should access the own properties directly instead of using the API
 */

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_js_close_environment_record(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *env, duk_hobject *func, duk_size_t regbase) {
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk_uint_fast32_t i;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(env != NULL);
	/* func is NULL for lightfuncs */

	if (!DUK_HOBJECT_IS_DECENV(env) || DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_ENVRECCLOSED(env)) {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("environment record not a declarative record, "
		                     "or already closed: %!iO",
		                     (duk_heaphdr *) env));
		return;
	}

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("closing environment record: %!iO, func: %!iO, regbase: %ld",
	                     (duk_heaphdr *) env, (duk_heaphdr *) func, (long) regbase));

	duk_push_hobject(ctx, env);

	/* assertions: env must be closed in the same thread as where it runs */
#ifdef DUK_USE_ASSERTIONS
	{
		/* [... env] */

		if (duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, -1, DUK_STRIDX_INT_CALLEE)) {
			DUK_ASSERT(duk_is_object(ctx, -1));
			DUK_ASSERT(duk_get_hobject(ctx, -1) == (duk_hobject *) func);
		}
		duk_pop(ctx);

		if (duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, -1, DUK_STRIDX_INT_THREAD)) {
			DUK_ASSERT(duk_is_object(ctx, -1));
			DUK_ASSERT(duk_get_hobject(ctx, -1) == (duk_hobject *) thr);
		}
		duk_pop(ctx);

		if (duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, -1, DUK_STRIDX_INT_REGBASE)) {
			DUK_ASSERT(duk_is_number(ctx, -1));
			DUK_ASSERT(duk_get_number(ctx, -1) == (double) regbase);
		}
		duk_pop(ctx);

		/* [... env] */
	}
#endif

	if (func != NULL && DUK_HOBJECT_IS_COMPILEDFUNCTION(func)) {
		duk_hobject *varmap;
		duk_hstring *key;
		duk_tval *tv;
		duk_uint_t regnum;

		/* XXX: additional conditions when to close variables? we don't want to do it
		 * unless the environment may have "escaped" (referenced in a function closure).
		 * With delayed environments, the existence is probably good enough of a check.
		 */

		/* XXX: any way to detect faster whether something needs to be closed?
		 * We now look up _Callee and then skip the rest.
		 */

		/* Note: we rely on the _Varmap having a bunch of nice properties, like:
		 *  - being compacted and unmodified during this process
		 *  - not containing an array part
		 *  - having correct value types
		 */

		/* [... env] */

		if (!duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, -1, DUK_STRIDX_INT_CALLEE)) {
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("env has no callee property, nothing to close; re-delete the control properties just in case"));
			duk_pop(ctx);
			goto skip_varmap;
		}

		/* [... env callee] */

		if (!duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, -1, DUK_STRIDX_INT_VARMAP)) {
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("callee has no varmap property, nothing to close; delete the control properties"));
			duk_pop_2(ctx);
			goto skip_varmap;
		}
		varmap = duk_require_hobject(ctx, -1);
		DUK_ASSERT(varmap != NULL);

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("varmap: %!O", (duk_heaphdr *) varmap));

		/* [... env callee varmap] */

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("copying bound register values, %ld bound regs", (long) DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ENEXT(varmap)));

		for (i = 0; i < (duk_uint_fast32_t) DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ENEXT(varmap); i++) {
			key = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_KEY(thr->heap, varmap, i);
			DUK_ASSERT(key != NULL);   /* assume keys are compacted */

			DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HOBJECT_E_SLOT_IS_ACCESSOR(thr->heap, varmap, i));  /* assume plain values */

			tv = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_TVAL_PTR(thr->heap, varmap, i);
			DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv));  /* assume value is a number */
			regnum = (duk_uint_t) DUK_TVAL_GET_NUMBER(tv);
			DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(regnum >= 0);  /* unsigned */
			DUK_ASSERT(regnum < ((duk_hcompiledfunction *) func)->nregs);  /* regnum is sane */
			DUK_ASSERT(thr->valstack + regbase + regnum >= thr->valstack);
			DUK_ASSERT(thr->valstack + regbase + regnum < thr->valstack_top);

			/* XXX: slightly awkward */
			duk_push_hstring(ctx, key);
			duk_push_tval(ctx, thr->valstack + regbase + regnum);
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("closing identifier '%s' -> reg %ld, value %!T",
			                     (const char *) duk_require_string(ctx, -2),
			                     (long) regnum,
			                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));

			/* [... env callee varmap key val] */

			/* if property already exists, overwrites silently */
			duk_xdef_prop(ctx, -5, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_WE);  /* writable but not deletable */
		}

		duk_pop_2(ctx);

		/* [... env] */
	}

 skip_varmap:

	/* [... env] */

	duk_del_prop_stridx(ctx, -1, DUK_STRIDX_INT_CALLEE);
	duk_del_prop_stridx(ctx, -1, DUK_STRIDX_INT_THREAD);
	duk_del_prop_stridx(ctx, -1, DUK_STRIDX_INT_REGBASE);

	duk_pop(ctx);

	DUK_HOBJECT_SET_ENVRECCLOSED(env);

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("environment record after being closed: %!O",
	                     (duk_heaphdr *) env));
}

/*
 *  GETIDREF: a GetIdentifierReference-like helper.
 *
 *  Provides a parent traversing lookup and a single level lookup
 *  (for HasBinding).
 *
 *  Instead of returning the value, returns a bunch of values allowing
 *  the caller to read, write, or delete the binding.  Value pointers
 *  are duk_tval pointers which can be mutated directly as long as
 *  refcounts are properly updated.  Note that any operation which may
 *  reallocate valstacks or compact objects may invalidate the returned
 *  duk_tval (but not object) pointers, so caller must be very careful.
 *
 *  If starting environment record 'env' is given, 'act' is ignored.
 *  However, if 'env' is NULL, the caller may identify, in 'act', an
 *  activation which hasn't had its declarative environment initialized
 *  yet.  The activation registers are then looked up, and its parent
 *  traversed normally.
 *
 *  The 'out' structure values are only valid if the function returns
 *  success (non-zero).
 */

/* lookup name from an open declarative record's registers */
DUK_LOCAL
duk_bool_t duk__getid_open_decl_env_regs(duk_hthread *thr,
                                         duk_hstring *name,
                                         duk_hobject *env,
                                         duk__id_lookup_result *out) {
	duk_hthread *env_thr;
	duk_hobject *env_func;
	duk_size_t env_regbase;
	duk_hobject *varmap;
	duk_tval *tv;
	duk_size_t reg_rel;
	duk_size_t idx;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(name != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(env != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(out != NULL);

	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_IS_DECENV(env));

	tv = duk_hobject_find_existing_entry_tval_ptr(thr->heap, env, DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_INT_CALLEE(thr));
	if (!tv) {
		/* env is closed, should be missing _Callee, _Thread, _Regbase */
		DUK_ASSERT(duk_hobject_find_existing_entry_tval_ptr(thr->heap, env, DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_INT_CALLEE(thr)) == NULL);
		DUK_ASSERT(duk_hobject_find_existing_entry_tval_ptr(thr->heap, env, DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_INT_THREAD(thr)) == NULL);
		DUK_ASSERT(duk_hobject_find_existing_entry_tval_ptr(thr->heap, env, DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_INT_REGBASE(thr)) == NULL);
		return 0;
	}

	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_OBJECT(tv));
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_GET_OBJECT(tv) != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_IS_COMPILEDFUNCTION(DUK_TVAL_GET_OBJECT(tv)));
	env_func = DUK_TVAL_GET_OBJECT(tv);
	DUK_ASSERT(env_func != NULL);

	tv = duk_hobject_find_existing_entry_tval_ptr(thr->heap, env_func, DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_INT_VARMAP(thr));
	if (!tv) {
		return 0;
	}
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_OBJECT(tv));
	varmap = DUK_TVAL_GET_OBJECT(tv);
	DUK_ASSERT(varmap != NULL);

	tv = duk_hobject_find_existing_entry_tval_ptr(thr->heap, varmap, name);
	if (!tv) {
		return 0;
	}
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv));
	reg_rel = (duk_size_t) DUK_TVAL_GET_NUMBER(tv);
	DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(reg_rel >= 0);  /* unsigned */
	DUK_ASSERT(reg_rel < ((duk_hcompiledfunction *) env_func)->nregs);

	tv = duk_hobject_find_existing_entry_tval_ptr(thr->heap, env, DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_INT_THREAD(thr));
	DUK_ASSERT(tv != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_OBJECT(tv));
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_GET_OBJECT(tv) != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_IS_THREAD(DUK_TVAL_GET_OBJECT(tv)));
	env_thr = (duk_hthread *) DUK_TVAL_GET_OBJECT(tv);
	DUK_ASSERT(env_thr != NULL);

	/* Note: env_thr != thr is quite possible and normal, so careful
	 * with what thread is used for valstack lookup.
	 */

	tv = duk_hobject_find_existing_entry_tval_ptr(thr->heap, env, DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_INT_REGBASE(thr));
	DUK_ASSERT(tv != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv));
	env_regbase = (duk_size_t) DUK_TVAL_GET_NUMBER(tv);

	idx = env_regbase + reg_rel;
	tv = env_thr->valstack + idx;
	DUK_ASSERT(tv >= env_thr->valstack && tv < env_thr->valstack_end);  /* XXX: more accurate? */

	out->value = tv;
	out->attrs = DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_W;  /* registers are mutable, non-deletable */
	out->this_binding = NULL;  /* implicit this value always undefined for
	                            * declarative environment records.
	                            */
	out->env = env;
	out->holder = NULL;

	return 1;
}

/* lookup name from current activation record's functions' registers */
DUK_LOCAL
duk_bool_t duk__getid_activation_regs(duk_hthread *thr,
                                      duk_hstring *name,
                                      duk_activation *act,
                                      duk__id_lookup_result *out) {
	duk_tval *tv;
	duk_hobject *func;
	duk_hobject *varmap;
	duk_size_t reg_rel;
	duk_size_t idx;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(name != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(act != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(out != NULL);

	func = DUK_ACT_GET_FUNC(act);
	DUK_ASSERT(func != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_NEWENV(func));

	if (!DUK_HOBJECT_IS_COMPILEDFUNCTION(func)) {
		return 0;
	}

	tv = duk_hobject_find_existing_entry_tval_ptr(thr->heap, func, DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_INT_VARMAP(thr));
	if (!tv) {
		return 0;
	}
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_OBJECT(tv));
	varmap = DUK_TVAL_GET_OBJECT(tv);
	DUK_ASSERT(varmap != NULL);

	tv = duk_hobject_find_existing_entry_tval_ptr(thr->heap, varmap, name);
	if (!tv) {
		return 0;
	}
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv));
	reg_rel = (duk_size_t) DUK_TVAL_GET_NUMBER(tv);
	DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(reg_rel >= 0);
	DUK_ASSERT(reg_rel < ((duk_hcompiledfunction *) func)->nregs);

	idx = act->idx_bottom + reg_rel;
	DUK_ASSERT(idx >= act->idx_bottom);
	tv = thr->valstack + idx;

	out->value = tv;
	out->attrs = DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_W;  /* registers are mutable, non-deletable */
	out->this_binding = NULL;  /* implicit this value always undefined for
	                            * declarative environment records.
	                            */
	out->env = NULL;
	out->holder = NULL;

	return 1;
}

DUK_LOCAL
duk_bool_t duk__get_identifier_reference(duk_hthread *thr,
                                         duk_hobject *env,
                                         duk_hstring *name,
                                         duk_activation *act,
                                         duk_bool_t parents,
                                         duk__id_lookup_result *out) {
	duk_tval *tv;
	duk_tval *tv_target;
	duk_tval tv_name;
	duk_uint_t sanity;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(env != NULL || act != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(name != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(out != NULL);

	DUK_ASSERT(!env || DUK_HOBJECT_IS_ENV(env));
	DUK_ASSERT(!env || !DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_ARRAY_PART(env));

	/*
	 *  Conceptually, we look for the identifier binding by starting from
	 *  'env' and following to chain of environment records (represented
	 *  by the prototype chain).
	 *
	 *  If 'env' is NULL, the current activation does not yet have an
	 *  allocated declarative environment record; this should be treated
	 *  exactly as if the environment record existed but had no bindings
	 *  other than register bindings.
	 *
	 *  Note: we assume that with the DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_NEWENV cleared
	 *  the environment will always be initialized immediately; hence
	 *  a NULL 'env' should only happen with the flag set.  This is the
	 *  case for: (1) function calls, and (2) strict, direct eval calls.
	 */

	if (env == NULL && act != NULL) {
		duk_hobject *func;

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("duk__get_identifier_reference: env is NULL, activation is non-NULL -> "
		                     "delayed env case, look up activation regs first"));

		/*
		 *  Try registers
		 */

		if (duk__getid_activation_regs(thr, name, act, out)) {
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("duk__get_identifier_reference successful: "
			                     "name=%!O -> value=%!T, attrs=%ld, this=%!T, env=%!O, holder=%!O "
			                     "(found from register bindings when env=NULL)",
			                     (duk_heaphdr *) name, (duk_tval *) out->value,
			                     (long) out->attrs, (duk_tval *) out->this_binding,
			                     (duk_heaphdr *) out->env, (duk_heaphdr *) out->holder));
			return 1;
		}

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("not found in current activation regs"));

		/*
		 *  Not found in registers, proceed to the parent record.
		 *  Here we need to determine what the parent would be,
		 *  if 'env' was not NULL (i.e. same logic as when initializing
		 *  the record).
		 *
		 *  Note that environment initialization is only deferred when
		 *  DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_NEWENV is set, and this only happens for:
		 *    - Function code
		 *    - Strict eval code
		 *
		 *  We only need to check _Lexenv here; _Varenv exists only if it
		 *  differs from _Lexenv (and thus _Lexenv will also be present).
		 */

		if (!parents) {
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("duk__get_identifier_reference failed, no parent traversal "
			                     "(not found from register bindings when env=NULL)"));
			goto fail_not_found;
		}

		func = DUK_ACT_GET_FUNC(act);
		DUK_ASSERT(func != NULL);
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_NEWENV(func));

		tv = duk_hobject_find_existing_entry_tval_ptr(thr->heap, func, DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_INT_LEXENV(thr));
		if (tv) {
			DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_OBJECT(tv));
			env = DUK_TVAL_GET_OBJECT(tv);
		} else {
			DUK_ASSERT(duk_hobject_find_existing_entry_tval_ptr(thr->heap, func, DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_INT_VARENV(thr)) == NULL);
			env = thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_GLOBAL_ENV];
		}

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("continue lookup from env: %!iO",
		                     (duk_heaphdr *) env));
	}

	/*
	 *  Prototype walking starting from 'env'.
	 *
	 *  ('act' is not needed anywhere here.)
	 */

	sanity = DUK_HOBJECT_PROTOTYPE_CHAIN_SANITY;
	while (env != NULL) {
		duk_small_int_t cl;
		duk_int_t attrs;

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("duk__get_identifier_reference, name=%!O, considering env=%p -> %!iO",
		                     (duk_heaphdr *) name,
		                     (void *) env,
		                     (duk_heaphdr *) env));

		DUK_ASSERT(env != NULL);
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_IS_ENV(env));
		DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_ARRAY_PART(env));

		cl = DUK_HOBJECT_GET_CLASS_NUMBER(env);
		DUK_ASSERT(cl == DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_OBJENV || cl == DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_DECENV);
		if (cl == DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_DECENV) {
			/*
			 *  Declarative environment record.
			 *
			 *  Identifiers can never be stored in ancestors and are
			 *  always plain values, so we can use an internal helper
			 *  and access the value directly with an duk_tval ptr.
			 *
			 *  A closed environment is only indicated by it missing
			 *  the "book-keeping" properties required for accessing
			 *  register-bound variables.
			 */

			if (DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_ENVRECCLOSED(env)) {
				/* already closed */
				goto skip_regs;
			}

			if (duk__getid_open_decl_env_regs(thr, name, env, out)) {
				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("duk__get_identifier_reference successful: "
				                     "name=%!O -> value=%!T, attrs=%ld, this=%!T, env=%!O, holder=%!O "
				                     "(declarative environment record, scope open, found in regs)",
				                     (duk_heaphdr *) name, (duk_tval *) out->value,
				                     (long) out->attrs, (duk_tval *) out->this_binding,
				                     (duk_heaphdr *) out->env, (duk_heaphdr *) out->holder));
				return 1;
			}
		 skip_regs:

			tv = duk_hobject_find_existing_entry_tval_ptr_and_attrs(thr->heap, env, name, &attrs);
			if (tv) {
				out->value = tv;
				out->attrs = attrs;
				out->this_binding = NULL;  /* implicit this value always undefined for
				                            * declarative environment records.
				                            */
				out->env = env;
				out->holder = env;

				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("duk__get_identifier_reference successful: "
				                     "name=%!O -> value=%!T, attrs=%ld, this=%!T, env=%!O, holder=%!O "
				                     "(declarative environment record, found in properties)",
				                     (duk_heaphdr *) name, (duk_tval *) out->value,
				                     (long) out->attrs, (duk_tval *) out->this_binding,
				                     (duk_heaphdr *) out->env, (duk_heaphdr *) out->holder));
				return 1;
			}
		} else {
			/*
			 *  Object environment record.
			 *
			 *  Binding (target) object is an external, uncontrolled object.
			 *  Identifier may be bound in an ancestor property, and may be
			 *  an accessor.  Target can also be a Proxy which we must support
			 *  here.
			 */

			/* XXX: we could save space by using _Target OR _This.  If _Target, assume
			 * this binding is undefined.  If _This, assumes this binding is _This, and
			 * target is also _This.  One property would then be enough.
			 */

			duk_hobject *target;
			duk_bool_t found;

			DUK_ASSERT(cl == DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_OBJENV);

			tv_target = duk_hobject_find_existing_entry_tval_ptr(thr->heap, env, DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_INT_TARGET(thr));
			DUK_ASSERT(tv_target != NULL);
			DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_OBJECT(tv_target));
			target = DUK_TVAL_GET_OBJECT(tv_target);
			DUK_ASSERT(target != NULL);

			/* Target may be a Proxy or property may be an accessor, so we must
			 * use an actual, Proxy-aware hasprop check here.
			 *
			 * out->holder is NOT set to the actual duk_hobject where the
			 * property is found, but rather the object binding target object.
			 */

			if (DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_PROXYOBJ(target)) {
				DUK_ASSERT(name != NULL);
				DUK_TVAL_SET_STRING(&tv_name, name);

				found = duk_hobject_hasprop(thr, tv_target, &tv_name);
			} else {
				/* XXX: duk_hobject_hasprop() would be correct for
				 * non-Proxy objects too, but it is about ~20-25%
				 * slower at present so separate code paths for
				 * Proxy and non-Proxy now.
				 */
				found = duk_hobject_hasprop_raw(thr, target, name);
			}

			if (found) {
				out->value = NULL;  /* can't get value, may be accessor */
				out->attrs = 0;     /* irrelevant when out->value == NULL */
				tv = duk_hobject_find_existing_entry_tval_ptr(thr->heap, env, DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_INT_THIS(thr));
				out->this_binding = tv;  /* may be NULL */
				out->env = env;
				out->holder = target;

				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("duk__get_identifier_reference successful: "
				                     "name=%!O -> value=%!T, attrs=%ld, this=%!T, env=%!O, holder=%!O "
				                     "(object environment record)",
				                     (duk_heaphdr *) name, (duk_tval *) out->value,
				                     (long) out->attrs, (duk_tval *) out->this_binding,
				                     (duk_heaphdr *) out->env, (duk_heaphdr *) out->holder));
				return 1;
			}
		}

		if (!parents) {
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("duk__get_identifier_reference failed, no parent traversal "
			                     "(not found from first traversed env)"));
			goto fail_not_found;
		}

                if (sanity-- == 0) {
                        DUK_ERROR_RANGE(thr, DUK_STR_PROTOTYPE_CHAIN_LIMIT);
                }
		env = DUK_HOBJECT_GET_PROTOTYPE(thr->heap, env);
	};

	/*
	 *  Not found (even in global object)
	 */

 fail_not_found:
	return 0;
}

/*
 *  HASVAR: check identifier binding from a given environment record
 *  without traversing its parents.
 *
 *  This primitive is not exposed to user code as such, but is used
 *  internally for e.g. declaration binding instantiation.
 *
 *  See E5 Sections:
 *    10.2.1.1.1 HasBinding(N)
 *    10.2.1.2.1 HasBinding(N)
 *
 *  Note: strictness has no bearing on this check.  Hence we don't take
 *  a 'strict' parameter.
 */

#if 0  /*unused*/
DUK_INTERNAL
duk_bool_t duk_js_hasvar_envrec(duk_hthread *thr,
                                duk_hobject *env,
                                duk_hstring *name) {
	duk__id_lookup_result ref;
	duk_bool_t parents;

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("hasvar: thr=%p, env=%p, name=%!O "
	                     "(env -> %!dO)",
	                     (void *) thr, (void *) env, (duk_heaphdr *) name,
	                     (duk_heaphdr *) env));

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(env != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(name != NULL);

        DUK_ASSERT_REFCOUNT_NONZERO_HEAPHDR(env);
        DUK_ASSERT_REFCOUNT_NONZERO_HEAPHDR(name);

	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_IS_ENV(env));
	DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_ARRAY_PART(env));

	/* lookup results is ignored */
	parents = 0;
	return duk__get_identifier_reference(thr, env, name, NULL, parents, &ref);
}
#endif

/*
 *  GETVAR
 *
 *  See E5 Sections:
 *    11.1.2 Identifier Reference
 *    10.3.1 Identifier Resolution
 *    11.13.1 Simple Assignment  [example of where the Reference is GetValue'd]
 *    8.7.1 GetValue (V)
 *    8.12.1 [[GetOwnProperty]] (P)
 *    8.12.2 [[GetProperty]] (P)
 *    8.12.3 [[Get]] (P)
 *
 *  If 'throw' is true, always leaves two values on top of stack: [val this].
 *
 *  If 'throw' is false, returns 0 if identifier cannot be resolved, and the
 *  stack will be unaffected in this case.  If identifier is resolved, returns
 *  1 and leaves [val this] on top of stack.
 *
 *  Note: the 'strict' flag of a reference returned by GetIdentifierReference
 *  is ignored by GetValue.  Hence we don't take a 'strict' parameter.
 *
 *  The 'throw' flag is needed for implementing 'typeof' for an unreferenced
 *  identifier.  An unreference identifier in other contexts generates a
 *  ReferenceError.
 */

DUK_LOCAL
duk_bool_t duk__getvar_helper(duk_hthread *thr,
                              duk_hobject *env,
                              duk_activation *act,
                              duk_hstring *name,
                              duk_bool_t throw_flag) {
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk__id_lookup_result ref;
	duk_tval tv_tmp_obj;
	duk_tval tv_tmp_key;
	duk_bool_t parents;

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("getvar: thr=%p, env=%p, act=%p, name=%!O "
	                     "(env -> %!dO)",
	                     (void *) thr, (void *) env, (void *) act,
	                     (duk_heaphdr *) name, (duk_heaphdr *) env));

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(name != NULL);
	/* env and act may be NULL */

        DUK_ASSERT_REFCOUNT_NONZERO_HEAPHDR(env);
        DUK_ASSERT_REFCOUNT_NONZERO_HEAPHDR(name);

	parents = 1;     /* follow parent chain */
	if (duk__get_identifier_reference(thr, env, name, act, parents, &ref)) {
		if (ref.value) {
			DUK_ASSERT(ref.this_binding == NULL);  /* always for register bindings */
			duk_push_tval(ctx, ref.value);
			duk_push_undefined(ctx);
		} else {
			DUK_ASSERT(ref.holder != NULL);

			/* Note: getprop may invoke any getter and invalidate any
			 * duk_tval pointers, so this must be done first.
			 */

			if (ref.this_binding) {
				duk_push_tval(ctx, ref.this_binding);
			} else {
				duk_push_undefined(ctx);
			}

			DUK_TVAL_SET_OBJECT(&tv_tmp_obj, ref.holder);
			DUK_TVAL_SET_STRING(&tv_tmp_key, name);
			(void) duk_hobject_getprop(thr, &tv_tmp_obj, &tv_tmp_key);  /* [this value] */

			/* ref.value, ref.this.binding invalidated here by getprop call */

			duk_insert(ctx, -2);  /* [this value] -> [value this] */
		}

		return 1;
	} else {
		if (throw_flag) {
			DUK_ERROR_FMT1(thr, DUK_ERR_REFERENCE_ERROR,
			               "identifier '%s' undefined",
			               (const char *) DUK_HSTRING_GET_DATA(name));
		}

		return 0;
	}
}

DUK_INTERNAL
duk_bool_t duk_js_getvar_envrec(duk_hthread *thr,
                                duk_hobject *env,
                                duk_hstring *name,
                                duk_bool_t throw_flag) {
	return duk__getvar_helper(thr, env, NULL, name, throw_flag);
}

DUK_INTERNAL
duk_bool_t duk_js_getvar_activation(duk_hthread *thr,
                                    duk_activation *act,
                                    duk_hstring *name,
                                    duk_bool_t throw_flag) {
	DUK_ASSERT(act != NULL);
	return duk__getvar_helper(thr, act->lex_env, act, name, throw_flag);
}

/*
 *  PUTVAR
 *
 *  See E5 Sections:
 *    11.1.2 Identifier Reference
 *    10.3.1 Identifier Resolution
 *    11.13.1 Simple Assignment  [example of where the Reference is PutValue'd]
 *    8.7.2 PutValue (V,W)  [see especially step 3.b, undefined -> automatic global in non-strict mode]
 *    8.12.4 [[CanPut]] (P)
 *    8.12.5 [[Put]] (P)
 *
 *  Note: may invalidate any valstack (or object) duk_tval pointers because
 *  putting a value may reallocate any object or any valstack.  Caller beware.
 */

DUK_LOCAL
void duk__putvar_helper(duk_hthread *thr,
                        duk_hobject *env,
                        duk_activation *act,
                        duk_hstring *name,
                        duk_tval *val,
                        duk_bool_t strict) {
	duk__id_lookup_result ref;
	duk_tval tv_tmp_obj;
	duk_tval tv_tmp_key;
	duk_bool_t parents;

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("putvar: thr=%p, env=%p, act=%p, name=%!O, val=%p, strict=%ld "
	                     "(env -> %!dO, val -> %!T)",
	                     (void *) thr, (void *) env, (void *) act,
	                     (duk_heaphdr *) name, (void *) val, (long) strict,
	                     (duk_heaphdr *) env, (duk_tval *) val));

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(name != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(val != NULL);
	/* env and act may be NULL */

        DUK_ASSERT_REFCOUNT_NONZERO_HEAPHDR(env);
        DUK_ASSERT_REFCOUNT_NONZERO_HEAPHDR(name);
	DUK_ASSERT_REFCOUNT_NONZERO_TVAL(val);

	/*
	 *  In strict mode E5 protects 'eval' and 'arguments' from being
	 *  assigned to (or even declared anywhere).  Attempt to do so
	 *  should result in a compile time SyntaxError.  See the internal
	 *  design documentation for details.
	 *
	 *  Thus, we should never come here, run-time, for strict code,
	 *  and name 'eval' or 'arguments'.
	 */

	DUK_ASSERT(!strict ||
	           (name != DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_EVAL(thr) &&
	            name != DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_LC_ARGUMENTS(thr)));

	/*
	 *  Lookup variable and update in-place if found.
	 */

	parents = 1;     /* follow parent chain */

	if (duk__get_identifier_reference(thr, env, name, act, parents, &ref)) {
		if (ref.value && (ref.attrs & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_WRITABLE)) {
			/* Update duk_tval in-place if pointer provided and the
			 * property is writable.  If the property is not writable
			 * (immutable binding), use duk_hobject_putprop() which
			 * will respect mutability.
			 */
			duk_tval *tv_val;

			DUK_ASSERT(ref.this_binding == NULL);  /* always for register bindings */

			tv_val = ref.value;
			DUK_ASSERT(tv_val != NULL);
			DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL_UPDREF(thr, tv_val, val);  /* side effects */

			/* ref.value and ref.this_binding invalidated here */
		} else {
			DUK_ASSERT(ref.holder != NULL);

			DUK_TVAL_SET_OBJECT(&tv_tmp_obj, ref.holder);
			DUK_TVAL_SET_STRING(&tv_tmp_key, name);
			(void) duk_hobject_putprop(thr, &tv_tmp_obj, &tv_tmp_key, val, strict);

			/* ref.value and ref.this_binding invalidated here */
		}

		return;
	}

	/*
	 *  Not found: write to global object (non-strict) or ReferenceError
	 *  (strict); see E5 Section 8.7.2, step 3.
	 */

	if (strict) {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("identifier binding not found, strict => reference error"));
		DUK_ERROR(thr, DUK_ERR_REFERENCE_ERROR, "identifier not defined");
	}

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("identifier binding not found, not strict => set to global"));

	DUK_TVAL_SET_OBJECT(&tv_tmp_obj, thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_GLOBAL]);
	DUK_TVAL_SET_STRING(&tv_tmp_key, name);
	(void) duk_hobject_putprop(thr, &tv_tmp_obj, &tv_tmp_key, val, 0);  /* 0 = no throw */

	/* NB: 'val' may be invalidated here because put_value may realloc valstack,
	 * caller beware.
	 */
}

DUK_INTERNAL
void duk_js_putvar_envrec(duk_hthread *thr,
                          duk_hobject *env,
                          duk_hstring *name,
                          duk_tval *val,
                          duk_bool_t strict) {
	duk__putvar_helper(thr, env, NULL, name, val, strict);
}

DUK_INTERNAL
void duk_js_putvar_activation(duk_hthread *thr,
                              duk_activation *act,
                              duk_hstring *name,
                              duk_tval *val,
                              duk_bool_t strict) {
	DUK_ASSERT(act != NULL);
	duk__putvar_helper(thr, act->lex_env, act, name, val, strict);
}

/*
 *  DELVAR
 *
 *  See E5 Sections:
 *    11.4.1 The delete operator
 *    10.2.1.1.5 DeleteBinding (N)  [declarative environment record]
 *    10.2.1.2.5 DeleteBinding (N)  [object environment record]
 *
 *  Variable bindings established inside eval() are deletable (configurable),
 *  other bindings are not, including variables declared in global level.
 *  Registers are always non-deletable, and the deletion of other bindings
 *  is controlled by the configurable flag.
 *
 *  For strict mode code, the 'delete' operator should fail with a compile
 *  time SyntaxError if applied to identifiers.  Hence, no strict mode
 *  run-time deletion of identifiers should ever happen.  This function
 *  should never be called from strict mode code!
 */

DUK_LOCAL
duk_bool_t duk__delvar_helper(duk_hthread *thr,
                              duk_hobject *env,
                              duk_activation *act,
                              duk_hstring *name) {
	duk__id_lookup_result ref;
	duk_bool_t parents;

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("delvar: thr=%p, env=%p, act=%p, name=%!O "
	                     "(env -> %!dO)",
	                     (void *) thr, (void *) env, (void *) act,
	                     (duk_heaphdr *) name, (duk_heaphdr *) env));

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(name != NULL);
	/* env and act may be NULL */

        DUK_ASSERT_REFCOUNT_NONZERO_HEAPHDR(name);

	parents = 1;     /* follow parent chain */

	if (duk__get_identifier_reference(thr, env, name, act, parents, &ref)) {
		if (ref.value && !(ref.attrs & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_CONFIGURABLE)) {
			/* Identifier found in registers (always non-deletable)
			 * or declarative environment record and non-configurable.
			 */
			return 0;
		}
		DUK_ASSERT(ref.holder != NULL);

		return duk_hobject_delprop_raw(thr, ref.holder, name, 0);
	}

	/*
	 *  Not found (even in global object).
	 *
	 *  In non-strict mode this is a silent SUCCESS (!), see E5 Section 11.4.1,
	 *  step 3.b.  In strict mode this case is a compile time SyntaxError so
	 *  we should not come here.
	 */

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("identifier to be deleted not found: name=%!O "
	                     "(treated as silent success)",
	                     (duk_heaphdr *) name));
	return 1;
}

#if 0  /*unused*/
DUK_INTERNAL
duk_bool_t duk_js_delvar_envrec(duk_hthread *thr,
                                duk_hobject *env,
                                duk_hstring *name) {
	return duk__delvar_helper(thr, env, NULL, name);
}
#endif

DUK_INTERNAL
duk_bool_t duk_js_delvar_activation(duk_hthread *thr,
                                    duk_activation *act,
                                    duk_hstring *name) {
	DUK_ASSERT(act != NULL);
	return duk__delvar_helper(thr, act->lex_env, act, name);
}

/*
 *  DECLVAR
 *
 *  See E5 Sections:
 *    10.4.3 Entering Function Code
 *    10.5 Declaration Binding Instantion
 *    12.2 Variable Statement
 *    11.1.2 Identifier Reference
 *    10.3.1 Identifier Resolution
 *
 *  Variable declaration behavior is mainly discussed in Section 10.5,
 *  and is not discussed in the execution semantics (Sections 11-13).
 *
 *  Conceptually declarations happen when code (global, eval, function)
 *  is entered, before any user code is executed.  In practice, register-
 *  bound identifiers are 'declared' automatically (by virtue of being
 *  allocated to registers with the initial value 'undefined').  Other
 *  identifiers are declared in the function prologue with this primitive.
 *
 *  Since non-register bindings eventually back to an internal object's
 *  properties, the 'prop_flags' argument is used to specify binding
 *  type:
 *
 *    - Immutable binding: set DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_WRITABLE to false
 *    - Non-deletable binding: set DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_CONFIGURABLE to false
 *    - The flag DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_ENUMERABLE should be set, although it
 *      doesn't really matter for internal objects
 *
 *  All bindings are non-deletable mutable bindings except:
 *
 *    - Declarations in eval code (mutable, deletable)
 *    - 'arguments' binding in strict function code (immutable)
 *    - Function name binding of a function expression (immutable)
 *
 *  Declarations may go to declarative environment records (always
 *  so for functions), but may also go to object environment records
 *  (e.g. global code).  The global object environment has special
 *  behavior when re-declaring a function (but not a variable); see
 *  E5.1 specification, Section 10.5, step 5.e.
 *
 *  Declarations always go to the 'top-most' environment record, i.e.
 *  we never check the record chain.  It's not an error even if a
 *  property (even an immutable or non-deletable one) of the same name
 *  already exists.
 *
 *  If a declared variable already exists, its value needs to be updated
 *  (if possible).  Returns 1 if a PUTVAR needs to be done by the caller;
 *  otherwise returns 0.
 */

DUK_LOCAL
duk_bool_t duk__declvar_helper(duk_hthread *thr,
                               duk_hobject *env,
                               duk_hstring *name,
                               duk_tval *val,
                               duk_small_int_t prop_flags,
                               duk_bool_t is_func_decl) {
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk_hobject *holder;
	duk_bool_t parents;
	duk__id_lookup_result ref;
	duk_tval *tv;

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("declvar: thr=%p, env=%p, name=%!O, val=%!T, prop_flags=0x%08lx, is_func_decl=%ld "
	                     "(env -> %!iO)",
	                     (void *) thr, (void *) env, (duk_heaphdr *) name,
	                     (duk_tval *) val, (unsigned long) prop_flags,
	                     (unsigned int) is_func_decl, (duk_heaphdr *) env));

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(env != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(name != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(val != NULL);

	/* Note: in strict mode the compiler should reject explicit
	 * declaration of 'eval' or 'arguments'.  However, internal
	 * bytecode may declare 'arguments' in the function prologue.
	 * We don't bother checking (or asserting) for these now.
	 */

	/* Note: val is a stable duk_tval pointer.  The caller makes
	 * a value copy into its stack frame, so 'tv_val' is not subject
	 * to side effects here.
	 */

	/*
	 *  Check whether already declared.
	 *
	 *  We need to check whether the binding exists in the environment
	 *  without walking its parents.  However, we still need to check
	 *  register-bound identifiers and the prototype chain of an object
	 *  environment target object.
	 */

	parents = 0;  /* just check 'env' */
	if (duk__get_identifier_reference(thr, env, name, NULL, parents, &ref)) {
		duk_int_t e_idx;
		duk_int_t h_idx;
		duk_small_int_t flags;

		/*
		 *  Variable already declared, ignore re-declaration.
		 *  The only exception is the updated behavior of E5.1 for
		 *  global function declarations, E5.1 Section 10.5, step 5.e.
		 *  This behavior does not apply to global variable declarations.
		 */

		if (!(is_func_decl && env == thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_GLOBAL_ENV])) {
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("re-declare a binding, ignoring"));
			return 1;  /* 1 -> needs a PUTVAR */
		}

		/*
		 *  Special behavior in E5.1.
		 *
		 *  Note that even though parents == 0, the conflicting property
		 *  may be an inherited property (currently our global object's
		 *  prototype is Object.prototype).  Step 5.e first operates on
		 *  the existing property (which is potentially in an ancestor)
		 *  and then defines a new property in the global object (and
		 *  never modifies the ancestor).
		 *
		 *  Also note that this logic would become even more complicated
		 *  if the conflicting property might be a virtual one.  Object
		 *  prototype has no virtual properties, though.
		 *
		 *  XXX: this is now very awkward, rework.
		 */

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("re-declare a function binding in global object, "
		                     "updated E5.1 processing"));

		DUK_ASSERT(ref.holder != NULL);
		holder = ref.holder;

		/* holder will be set to the target object, not the actual object
		 * where the property was found (see duk__get_identifier_reference()).
		 */
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_GET_CLASS_NUMBER(holder) == DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_GLOBAL);
		DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_ARRAY(holder));  /* global object doesn't have array part */

		/* XXX: use a helper for prototype traversal; no loop check here */
		/* must be found: was found earlier, and cannot be inherited */
		for (;;) {
			DUK_ASSERT(holder != NULL);
			duk_hobject_find_existing_entry(thr->heap, holder, name, &e_idx, &h_idx);
			if (e_idx >= 0) {
				break;
			}
			/* SCANBUILD: NULL pointer dereference, doesn't actually trigger,
			 * asserted above.
			 */
			holder = DUK_HOBJECT_GET_PROTOTYPE(thr->heap, holder);
		}
		DUK_ASSERT(holder != NULL);
		DUK_ASSERT(e_idx >= 0);
		/* SCANBUILD: scan-build produces a NULL pointer dereference warning
		 * below; it never actually triggers because holder is actually never
		 * NULL.
		 */

		/* ref.holder is global object, holder is the object with the
		 * conflicting property.
		 */

		flags = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_FLAGS(thr->heap, holder, e_idx);
		if (!(flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_CONFIGURABLE)) {
			if (flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_ACCESSOR) {
				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("existing property is a non-configurable "
				                     "accessor -> reject"));
				goto fail_existing_attributes;
			}
			if (!((flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_WRITABLE) &&
			      (flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_ENUMERABLE))) {
				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("existing property is a non-configurable "
				                     "plain property which is not writable and "
				                     "enumerable -> reject"));
				goto fail_existing_attributes;
			}

			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("existing property is not configurable but "
			                     "is plain, enumerable, and writable -> "
			                     "allow redeclaration"));
		}

		if (holder == ref.holder) {
			/* XXX: if duk_hobject_define_property_internal() was updated
			 * to handle a pre-existing accessor property, this would be
			 * a simple call (like for the ancestor case).
			 */
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("redefine, offending property in global object itself"));

			if (flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_ACCESSOR) {
				duk_hobject *tmp;

				tmp = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_GETTER(thr->heap, holder, e_idx);
				DUK_HOBJECT_E_SET_VALUE_GETTER(thr->heap, holder, e_idx, NULL);
				DUK_HOBJECT_DECREF_ALLOWNULL(thr, tmp);
				DUK_UNREF(tmp);
				tmp = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_SETTER(thr->heap, holder, e_idx);
				DUK_HOBJECT_E_SET_VALUE_SETTER(thr->heap, holder, e_idx, NULL);
				DUK_HOBJECT_DECREF_ALLOWNULL(thr, tmp);
				DUK_UNREF(tmp);
			} else {
				tv = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_TVAL_PTR(thr->heap, holder, e_idx);
				DUK_TVAL_SET_UNDEFINED_UPDREF(thr, tv);
			}

			/* Here val would be potentially invalid if we didn't make
			 * a value copy at the caller.
			 */

			tv = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_TVAL_PTR(thr->heap, holder, e_idx);
			DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL(tv, val);
			DUK_TVAL_INCREF(thr, tv);
			DUK_HOBJECT_E_SET_FLAGS(thr->heap, holder, e_idx, prop_flags);

			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("updated global binding, final result: "
			                     "value -> %!T, prop_flags=0x%08lx",
			                     (duk_tval *) DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_TVAL_PTR(thr->heap, holder, e_idx),
			                     (unsigned long) prop_flags));
		} else {
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("redefine, offending property in ancestor"));

			DUK_ASSERT(ref.holder == thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_GLOBAL]);
			duk_push_tval(ctx, val);
			duk_hobject_define_property_internal(thr, ref.holder, name, prop_flags);
		}

		return 0;
	}

	/*
	 *  Not found (in registers or record objects).  Declare
	 *  to current variable environment.
	 */

	/*
	 *  Get holder object
	 */

	if (DUK_HOBJECT_IS_DECENV(env)) {
		holder = env;
	} else {
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_IS_OBJENV(env));

		tv = duk_hobject_find_existing_entry_tval_ptr(thr->heap, env, DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_INT_TARGET(thr));
		DUK_ASSERT(tv != NULL);
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_OBJECT(tv));
		holder = DUK_TVAL_GET_OBJECT(tv);
		DUK_ASSERT(holder != NULL);
	}

	/*
	 *  Define new property
	 *
	 *  Note: this may fail if the holder is not extensible.
	 */

	/* XXX: this is awkward as we use an internal method which doesn't handle
	 * extensibility etc correctly.  Basically we'd want to do a [[DefineOwnProperty]]
	 * or Object.defineProperty() here.
	 */

	if (!DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXTENSIBLE(holder)) {
		goto fail_not_extensible;
	}

	duk_push_hobject(ctx, holder);
	duk_push_hstring(ctx, name);
	duk_push_tval(ctx, val);
	duk_xdef_prop(ctx, -3, prop_flags);  /* [holder name val] -> [holder] */
	duk_pop(ctx);

	return 0;

 fail_existing_attributes:
 fail_not_extensible:
	DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, "declaration failed");
	return 0;
}

DUK_INTERNAL
duk_bool_t duk_js_declvar_activation(duk_hthread *thr,
                                     duk_activation *act,
                                     duk_hstring *name,
                                     duk_tval *val,
                                     duk_small_int_t prop_flags,
                                     duk_bool_t is_func_decl) {
	duk_hobject *env;
	duk_tval tv_val_copy;

	/*
	 *  Make a value copy of the input val.  This ensures that
	 *  side effects cannot invalidate the pointer.
	 */

	DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL(&tv_val_copy, val);
	val = &tv_val_copy;

	/*
	 *  Delayed env creation check
	 */

	if (!act->var_env) {
		DUK_ASSERT(act->lex_env == NULL);
		duk_js_init_activation_environment_records_delayed(thr, act);
	}
	DUK_ASSERT(act->lex_env != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(act->var_env != NULL);

	env = act->var_env;
	DUK_ASSERT(env != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_IS_ENV(env));

	return duk__declvar_helper(thr, env, name, val, prop_flags, is_func_decl);
}
/*
 *  Lexer for source files, ToNumber() string conversions, RegExp expressions,
 *  and JSON.
 *
 *  Provides a stream of Ecmascript tokens from an UTF-8/CESU-8 buffer.  The
 *  caller can also rewind the token stream into a certain position which is
 *  needed by the compiler part for multi-pass scanning.  Tokens are
 *  represented as duk_token structures, and contain line number information.
 *  Token types are identified with DUK_TOK_* defines.
 *
 *  Characters are decoded into a fixed size lookup window consisting of
 *  decoded Unicode code points, with window positions past the end of the
 *  input filled with an invalid codepoint (-1).  The tokenizer can thus
 *  perform multiple character lookups efficiently and with few sanity
 *  checks (such as access outside the end of the input), which keeps the
 *  tokenization code small at the cost of performance.
 *
 *  Character data in tokens, such as identifier names and string literals,
 *  is encoded into CESU-8 format on-the-fly while parsing the token in
 *  question.  The string data is made reachable to garbage collection by
 *  placing the token-related values in value stack entries allocated for
 *  this purpose by the caller.  The characters exist in Unicode code point
 *  form only in the fixed size lookup window, which keeps character data
 *  expansion (of especially ASCII data) low.
 *
 *  Token parsing supports the full range of Unicode characters as described
 *  in the E5 specification.  Parsing has been optimized for ASCII characters
 *  because ordinary Ecmascript code consists almost entirely of ASCII
 *  characters.  Matching of complex Unicode codepoint sets (such as in the
 *  IdentifierStart and IdentifierPart productions) is optimized for size,
 *  and is done using a linear scan of a bit-packed list of ranges.  This is
 *  very slow, but should never be entered unless the source code actually
 *  contains Unicode characters.
 *
 *  Ecmascript tokenization is partially context sensitive.  First,
 *  additional future reserved words are recognized in strict mode (see E5
 *  Section 7.6.1.2).  Second, a forward slash character ('/') can be
 *  recognized either as starting a RegExp literal or as a division operator,
 *  depending on context.  The caller must provide necessary context flags
 *  when requesting a new token.
 *
 *  Future work:
 *
 *    * Make line number tracking optional, as it consumes space.
 *
 *    * Add a feature flag for disabling UTF-8 decoding of input, as most
 *      source code is ASCII.  Because of Unicode escapes written in ASCII,
 *      this does not allow Unicode support to be removed from e.g.
 *      duk_unicode_is_identifier_start() nor does it allow removal of CESU-8
 *      encoding of e.g. string literals.
 *
 *    * Add a feature flag for disabling Unicode compliance of e.g. identifier
 *      names.  This allows for a build more than a kilobyte smaller, because
 *      Unicode ranges needed by duk_unicode_is_identifier_start() and
 *      duk_unicode_is_identifier_part() can be dropped.  String literals
 *      should still be allowed to contain escaped Unicode, so this still does
 *      not allow removal of CESU-8 encoding of e.g. string literals.
 *
 *    * Character lookup tables for codepoints above BMP could be stripped.
 *
 *    * Strictly speaking, E5 specification requires that source code consists
 *      of 16-bit code units, and if not, must be conceptually converted to
 *      that format first.  The current lexer processes Unicode code points
 *      and allows characters outside the BMP.  These should be converted to
 *      surrogate pairs while reading the source characters into the window,
 *      not after tokens have been formed (as is done now).  However, the fix
 *      is not trivial because two characters are decoded from one codepoint.
 *
 *    * Optimize for speed as well as size.  Large if-else ladders are (at
 *      least potentially) slow.
 */

/* include removed: duk_internal.h */

/*
 *  Various defines and file specific helper macros
 */

#define DUK__MAX_RE_DECESC_DIGITS     9
#define DUK__MAX_RE_QUANT_DIGITS      9   /* Does not allow e.g. 2**31-1, but one more would allow overflows of u32. */

/* whether to use macros or helper function depends on call count */
#define DUK__ISDIGIT(x)          ((x) >= DUK_ASC_0 && (x) <= DUK_ASC_9)
#define DUK__ISHEXDIGIT(x)       duk__is_hex_digit((x))
#define DUK__ISOCTDIGIT(x)       ((x) >= DUK_ASC_0 && (x) <= DUK_ASC_7)
#define DUK__ISDIGIT03(x)        ((x) >= DUK_ASC_0 && (x) <= DUK_ASC_3)
#define DUK__ISDIGIT47(x)        ((x) >= DUK_ASC_4 && (x) <= DUK_ASC_7)

/* lexer character window helpers */
#define DUK__LOOKUP(lex_ctx,index)        ((lex_ctx)->window[(index)].codepoint)
#define DUK__ADVANCECHARS(lex_ctx,count)  duk__advance_bytes((lex_ctx), (count) * sizeof(duk_lexer_codepoint))
#define DUK__ADVANCEBYTES(lex_ctx,count)  duk__advance_bytes((lex_ctx), (count))
#define DUK__INITBUFFER(lex_ctx)          duk__initbuffer((lex_ctx))
#define DUK__APPENDBUFFER(lex_ctx,x)      duk__appendbuffer((lex_ctx), (duk_codepoint_t) (x))

/* lookup shorthands (note: assume context variable is named 'lex_ctx') */
#define DUK__L0()  DUK__LOOKUP(lex_ctx, 0)
#define DUK__L1()  DUK__LOOKUP(lex_ctx, 1)
#define DUK__L2()  DUK__LOOKUP(lex_ctx, 2)
#define DUK__L3()  DUK__LOOKUP(lex_ctx, 3)
#define DUK__L4()  DUK__LOOKUP(lex_ctx, 4)
#define DUK__L5()  DUK__LOOKUP(lex_ctx, 5)

/* packed advance/token number macro used by multiple functions */
#define DUK__ADVTOK(advbytes,tok)  ((((advbytes) * sizeof(duk_lexer_codepoint)) << 8) + (tok))

/*
 *  Advance lookup window by N characters, filling in new characters as
 *  necessary.  After returning caller is guaranteed a character window of
 *  at least DUK_LEXER_WINDOW_SIZE characters.
 *
 *  The main function duk__advance_bytes() is called at least once per every
 *  token so it has a major lexer/compiler performance impact.  There are two
 *  variants for the main duk__advance_bytes() algorithm: a sliding window
 *  approach which is slightly faster at the cost of larger code footprint,
 *  and a simple copying one.
 *
 *  Decoding directly from the source string would be another lexing option.
 *  But the lookup window based approach has the advantage of hiding the
 *  source string and its encoding effectively which gives more flexibility
 *  going forward to e.g. support chunked streaming of source from flash.
 *
 *  Decodes UTF-8/CESU-8 leniently with support for code points from U+0000 to
 *  U+10FFFF, causing an error if the input is unparseable.  Leniency means:
 *
 *    * Unicode code point validation is intentionally not performed,
 *      except to check that the codepoint does not exceed 0x10ffff.
 *
 *    * In particular, surrogate pairs are allowed and not combined, which
 *      allows source files to represent all SourceCharacters with CESU-8.
 *      Broken surrogate pairs are allowed, as Ecmascript does not mandate
 *      their validation.
 *
 *    * Allow non-shortest UTF-8 encodings.
 *
 *  Leniency here causes few security concerns because all character data is
 *  decoded into Unicode codepoints before lexer processing, and is then
 *  re-encoded into CESU-8.  The source can be parsed as strict UTF-8 with
 *  a compiler option.  However, Ecmascript source characters include -all-
 *  16-bit unsigned integer codepoints, so leniency seems to be appropriate.
 *
 *  Note that codepoints above the BMP are not strictly SourceCharacters,
 *  but the lexer still accepts them as such.  Before ending up in a string
 *  or an identifier name, codepoints above BMP are converted into surrogate
 *  pairs and then CESU-8 encoded, resulting in 16-bit Unicode data as
 *  expected by Ecmascript.
 *
 *  An alternative approach to dealing with invalid or partial sequences
 *  would be to skip them and replace them with e.g. the Unicode replacement
 *  character U+FFFD.  This has limited utility because a replacement character
 *  will most likely cause a parse error, unless it occurs inside a string.
 *  Further, Ecmascript source is typically pure ASCII.
 *
 *  See:
 *
 *     http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-8
 *     http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CESU-8
 *     http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3629
 *     http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-8#Invalid_byte_sequences
 *
 *  Future work:
 *
 *    * Reject other invalid Unicode sequences (see Wikipedia entry for examples)
 *      in strict UTF-8 mode.
 *
 *    * Size optimize.  An attempt to use a 16-byte lookup table for the first
 *      byte resulted in a code increase though.
 *
 *    * Is checking against maximum 0x10ffff really useful?  4-byte encoding
 *      imposes a certain limit anyway.
 *
 *    * Support chunked streaming of source code.  Can be implemented either
 *      by streaming chunks of bytes or chunks of codepoints.
 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_LEXER_SLIDING_WINDOW)
DUK_LOCAL void duk__fill_lexer_buffer(duk_lexer_ctx *lex_ctx, duk_small_uint_t start_offset_bytes) {
	duk_lexer_codepoint *cp, *cp_end;
	duk_ucodepoint_t x;
	duk_small_uint_t contlen;
	const duk_uint8_t *p, *p_end;
#if defined(DUK_USE_STRICT_UTF8_SOURCE)
	duk_ucodepoint_t mincp;
#endif
	duk_int_t input_line;

	/* Use temporaries and update lex_ctx only when finished. */
	input_line = lex_ctx->input_line;
	p = lex_ctx->input + lex_ctx->input_offset;
	p_end = lex_ctx->input + lex_ctx->input_length;

	cp = (duk_lexer_codepoint *) (void *) ((duk_uint8_t *) lex_ctx->buffer + start_offset_bytes);
	cp_end = lex_ctx->buffer + DUK_LEXER_BUFFER_SIZE;

	for (; cp != cp_end; cp++) {
		cp->offset = (duk_size_t) (p - lex_ctx->input);
		cp->line = input_line;

		/* XXX: potential issue with signed pointers, p_end < p. */
		if (DUK_UNLIKELY(p >= p_end)) {
			/* If input_offset were assigned a negative value, it would
			 * result in a large positive value.  Most likely it would be
			 * larger than input_length and be caught here.  In any case
			 * no memory unsafe behavior would happen.
			 */
			cp->codepoint = -1;
			continue;
		}

		x = (duk_ucodepoint_t) (*p++);

		/* Fast path. */

		if (DUK_LIKELY(x < 0x80UL)) {
			DUK_ASSERT(x != 0x2028UL && x != 0x2029UL);  /* not LS/PS */
			if (DUK_UNLIKELY(x <= 0x000dUL)) {
				if ((x == 0x000aUL) ||
				    ((x == 0x000dUL) && (p >= p_end || *p != 0x000aUL))) {
					/* lookup for 0x000a above assumes shortest encoding now */

					/* E5 Section 7.3, treat the following as newlines:
					 *   LF
					 *   CR [not followed by LF]
					 *   LS
					 *   PS
					 *
					 * For CR LF, CR is ignored if it is followed by LF, and the LF will bump
					 * the line number.
					 */
					input_line++;
				}
			}

			cp->codepoint = (duk_codepoint_t) x;
			continue;
		}

		/* Slow path. */

		if (x < 0xc0UL) {
			/* 10xx xxxx -> invalid */
			goto error_encoding;
		} else if (x < 0xe0UL) {
			/* 110x xxxx   10xx xxxx  */
			contlen = 1;
#if defined(DUK_USE_STRICT_UTF8_SOURCE)
			mincp = 0x80UL;
#endif
			x = x & 0x1fUL;
		} else if (x < 0xf0UL) {
			/* 1110 xxxx   10xx xxxx   10xx xxxx */
			contlen = 2;
#if defined(DUK_USE_STRICT_UTF8_SOURCE)
			mincp = 0x800UL;
#endif
			x = x & 0x0fUL;
		} else if (x < 0xf8UL) {
			/* 1111 0xxx   10xx xxxx   10xx xxxx   10xx xxxx */
			contlen = 3;
#if defined(DUK_USE_STRICT_UTF8_SOURCE)
			mincp = 0x10000UL;
#endif
			x = x & 0x07UL;
		} else {
			/* no point in supporting encodings of 5 or more bytes */
			goto error_encoding;
		}

		DUK_ASSERT(p_end >= p);
		if ((duk_size_t) contlen > (duk_size_t) (p_end - p)) {
			goto error_clipped;
		}

		while (contlen > 0) {
			duk_small_uint_t y;
			y = *p++;
			if ((y & 0xc0U) != 0x80U) {
				/* check that byte has the form 10xx xxxx */
				goto error_encoding;
			}
			x = x << 6;
			x += y & 0x3fUL;
			contlen--;
		}

		/* check final character validity */

		if (x > 0x10ffffUL) {
			goto error_encoding;
		}
#if defined(DUK_USE_STRICT_UTF8_SOURCE)
		if (x < mincp || (x >= 0xd800UL && x <= 0xdfffUL) || x == 0xfffeUL) {
			goto error_encoding;
		}
#endif

		DUK_ASSERT(x != 0x000aUL && x != 0x000dUL);
		if ((x == 0x2028UL) || (x == 0x2029UL)) {
			input_line++;
		}

		cp->codepoint = (duk_codepoint_t) x;
	}

	lex_ctx->input_offset = (duk_size_t) (p - lex_ctx->input);
	lex_ctx->input_line = input_line;
	return;

 error_clipped:   /* clipped codepoint */
 error_encoding:  /* invalid codepoint encoding or codepoint */
	lex_ctx->input_offset = (duk_size_t) (p - lex_ctx->input);
	lex_ctx->input_line = input_line;

	DUK_ERROR_SYNTAX(lex_ctx->thr, "utf-8 decode failed");
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__advance_bytes(duk_lexer_ctx *lex_ctx, duk_small_uint_t count_bytes) {
	duk_small_uint_t used_bytes, avail_bytes;

	DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(count_bytes >= 0);  /* unsigned */
	DUK_ASSERT(count_bytes <= (duk_small_uint_t) (DUK_LEXER_WINDOW_SIZE * sizeof(duk_lexer_codepoint)));
	DUK_ASSERT(lex_ctx->window >= lex_ctx->buffer);
	DUK_ASSERT(lex_ctx->window < lex_ctx->buffer + DUK_LEXER_BUFFER_SIZE);
	DUK_ASSERT((duk_uint8_t *) lex_ctx->window + count_bytes <= (duk_uint8_t *) lex_ctx->buffer + DUK_LEXER_BUFFER_SIZE * sizeof(duk_lexer_codepoint));

	/* Zero 'count' is also allowed to make call sites easier.
	 * Arithmetic in bytes generates better code in GCC.
	 */

	lex_ctx->window = (duk_lexer_codepoint *) (void *) ((duk_uint8_t *) lex_ctx->window + count_bytes);  /* avoid multiply */
	used_bytes = (duk_small_uint_t) ((duk_uint8_t *) lex_ctx->window - (duk_uint8_t *) lex_ctx->buffer);
	avail_bytes = DUK_LEXER_BUFFER_SIZE * sizeof(duk_lexer_codepoint) - used_bytes;
	if (avail_bytes < (duk_small_uint_t) (DUK_LEXER_WINDOW_SIZE * sizeof(duk_lexer_codepoint))) {
		/* Not enough data to provide a full window, so "scroll" window to
		 * start of buffer and fill up the rest.
		 */
		DUK_MEMMOVE((void *) lex_ctx->buffer,
		            (const void *) lex_ctx->window,
		            (size_t) avail_bytes);
		lex_ctx->window = lex_ctx->buffer;
		duk__fill_lexer_buffer(lex_ctx, avail_bytes);
	}
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__init_lexer_window(duk_lexer_ctx *lex_ctx) {
	lex_ctx->window = lex_ctx->buffer;
	duk__fill_lexer_buffer(lex_ctx, 0);
}
#else  /* DUK_USE_LEXER_SLIDING_WINDOW */
DUK_LOCAL duk_codepoint_t duk__read_char(duk_lexer_ctx *lex_ctx) {
	duk_ucodepoint_t x;
	duk_small_uint_t len;
	duk_small_uint_t i;
	const duk_uint8_t *p;
#if defined(DUK_USE_STRICT_UTF8_SOURCE)
	duk_ucodepoint_t mincp;
#endif
	duk_size_t input_offset;

	input_offset = lex_ctx->input_offset;
	if (DUK_UNLIKELY(input_offset >= lex_ctx->input_length)) {
		/* If input_offset were assigned a negative value, it would
		 * result in a large positive value.  Most likely it would be
		 * larger than input_length and be caught here.  In any case
		 * no memory unsafe behavior would happen.
		 */
		return -1;
	}

	p = lex_ctx->input + input_offset;
	x = (duk_ucodepoint_t) (*p);

	if (DUK_LIKELY(x < 0x80UL)) {
		/* 0xxx xxxx -> fast path */

		/* input offset tracking */
		lex_ctx->input_offset++;

		DUK_ASSERT(x != 0x2028UL && x != 0x2029UL);  /* not LS/PS */
		if (DUK_UNLIKELY(x <= 0x000dUL)) {
			if ((x == 0x000aUL) ||
			    ((x == 0x000dUL) && (lex_ctx->input_offset >= lex_ctx->input_length ||
			                         lex_ctx->input[lex_ctx->input_offset] != 0x000aUL))) {
				/* lookup for 0x000a above assumes shortest encoding now */

				/* E5 Section 7.3, treat the following as newlines:
				 *   LF
				 *   CR [not followed by LF]
				 *   LS
				 *   PS
				 *
				 * For CR LF, CR is ignored if it is followed by LF, and the LF will bump
				 * the line number.
				 */
				lex_ctx->input_line++;
			}
		}

		return (duk_codepoint_t) x;
	}

	/* Slow path. */

	if (x < 0xc0UL) {
		/* 10xx xxxx -> invalid */
		goto error_encoding;
	} else if (x < 0xe0UL) {
		/* 110x xxxx   10xx xxxx  */
		len = 2;
#if defined(DUK_USE_STRICT_UTF8_SOURCE)
		mincp = 0x80UL;
#endif
		x = x & 0x1fUL;
	} else if (x < 0xf0UL) {
		/* 1110 xxxx   10xx xxxx   10xx xxxx */
		len = 3;
#if defined(DUK_USE_STRICT_UTF8_SOURCE)
		mincp = 0x800UL;
#endif
		x = x & 0x0fUL;
	} else if (x < 0xf8UL) {
		/* 1111 0xxx   10xx xxxx   10xx xxxx   10xx xxxx */
		len = 4;
#if defined(DUK_USE_STRICT_UTF8_SOURCE)
		mincp = 0x10000UL;
#endif
		x = x & 0x07UL;
	} else {
		/* no point in supporting encodings of 5 or more bytes */
		goto error_encoding;
	}

	DUK_ASSERT(lex_ctx->input_length >= lex_ctx->input_offset);
	if ((duk_size_t) len > (duk_size_t) (lex_ctx->input_length - lex_ctx->input_offset)) {
		goto error_clipped;
	}

	p++;
	for (i = 1; i < len; i++) {
		duk_small_uint_t y;
		y = *p++;
		if ((y & 0xc0U) != 0x80U) {
			/* check that byte has the form 10xx xxxx */
			goto error_encoding;
		}
		x = x << 6;
		x += y & 0x3fUL;
	}

	/* check final character validity */

	if (x > 0x10ffffUL) {
		goto error_encoding;
	}
#if defined(DUK_USE_STRICT_UTF8_SOURCE)
	if (x < mincp || (x >= 0xd800UL && x <= 0xdfffUL) || x == 0xfffeUL) {
		goto error_encoding;
	}
#endif

	/* input offset tracking */
	lex_ctx->input_offset += len;

	/* line tracking */
	DUK_ASSERT(x != 0x000aUL && x != 0x000dUL);
	if ((x == 0x2028UL) || (x == 0x2029UL)) {
		lex_ctx->input_line++;
	}

	return (duk_codepoint_t) x;

 error_clipped:   /* clipped codepoint */
 error_encoding:  /* invalid codepoint encoding or codepoint */
	DUK_ERROR_SYNTAX(lex_ctx->thr, "utf-8 decode failed");
	return 0;
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__advance_bytes(duk_lexer_ctx *lex_ctx, duk_small_uint_t count_bytes) {
	duk_small_uint_t keep_bytes;
	duk_lexer_codepoint *cp, *cp_end;

	DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(count_bytes >= 0);  /* unsigned */
	DUK_ASSERT(count_bytes <= (duk_small_uint_t) (DUK_LEXER_WINDOW_SIZE * sizeof(duk_lexer_codepoint)));

	/* Zero 'count' is also allowed to make call sites easier. */

	keep_bytes = DUK_LEXER_WINDOW_SIZE * sizeof(duk_lexer_codepoint) - count_bytes;
	DUK_MEMMOVE((void *) lex_ctx->window,
	            (const void *) ((duk_uint8_t *) lex_ctx->window + count_bytes),
	            (size_t) keep_bytes);

	cp = (duk_lexer_codepoint *) ((duk_uint8_t *) lex_ctx->window + keep_bytes);
	cp_end = lex_ctx->window + DUK_LEXER_WINDOW_SIZE;
	for (; cp != cp_end; cp++) {
		cp->offset = lex_ctx->input_offset;
		cp->line = lex_ctx->input_line;
		cp->codepoint = duk__read_char(lex_ctx);
	}
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__init_lexer_window(duk_lexer_ctx *lex_ctx) {
	/* Call with count == DUK_LEXER_WINDOW_SIZE to fill buffer initially. */
	duk__advance_bytes(lex_ctx, DUK_LEXER_WINDOW_SIZE * sizeof(duk_lexer_codepoint));  /* fill window */
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_LEXER_SLIDING_WINDOW */

/*
 *  (Re)initialize the temporary byte buffer.  May be called extra times
 *  with little impact.
 */

DUK_LOCAL void duk__initbuffer(duk_lexer_ctx *lex_ctx) {
	/* Reuse buffer as is unless buffer has grown large. */
	if (DUK_HBUFFER_DYNAMIC_GET_SIZE(lex_ctx->buf) < DUK_LEXER_TEMP_BUF_LIMIT) {
		/* Keep current size */
	} else {
		duk_hbuffer_resize(lex_ctx->thr, lex_ctx->buf, DUK_LEXER_TEMP_BUF_LIMIT);
	}

	DUK_BW_INIT_WITHBUF(lex_ctx->thr, &lex_ctx->bw, lex_ctx->buf);
}

/*
 *  Append a Unicode codepoint to the temporary byte buffer.  Performs
 *  CESU-8 surrogate pair encoding for codepoints above the BMP.
 *  Existing surrogate pairs are allowed and also encoded into CESU-8.
 */

DUK_LOCAL void duk__appendbuffer(duk_lexer_ctx *lex_ctx, duk_codepoint_t x) {
	/*
	 *  Since character data is only generated by decoding the source or by
	 *  the compiler itself, we rely on the input codepoints being correct
	 *  and avoid a check here.
	 *
	 *  Character data can also come here through decoding of Unicode
	 *  escapes ("\udead\ubeef") so all 16-but unsigned values can be
	 *  present, even when the source file itself is strict UTF-8.
	 */

	DUK_ASSERT(x >= 0 && x <= 0x10ffff);

	DUK_BW_WRITE_ENSURE_CESU8(lex_ctx->thr, &lex_ctx->bw, (duk_ucodepoint_t) x);
}

/*
 *  Intern the temporary byte buffer into a valstack slot
 *  (in practice, slot1 or slot2).
 */

DUK_LOCAL void duk__internbuffer(duk_lexer_ctx *lex_ctx, duk_idx_t valstack_idx) {
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) lex_ctx->thr;

	DUK_ASSERT(valstack_idx == lex_ctx->slot1_idx || valstack_idx == lex_ctx->slot2_idx);

	DUK_BW_PUSH_AS_STRING(lex_ctx->thr, &lex_ctx->bw);
	duk_replace(ctx, valstack_idx);
}

/*
 *  Init lexer context
 */

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_lexer_initctx(duk_lexer_ctx *lex_ctx) {
	DUK_ASSERT(lex_ctx != NULL);

	DUK_MEMZERO(lex_ctx, sizeof(*lex_ctx));
#if defined(DUK_USE_EXPLICIT_NULL_INIT)
#if defined(DUK_USE_LEXER_SLIDING_WINDOW)
	lex_ctx->window = NULL;
#endif
	lex_ctx->thr = NULL;
	lex_ctx->input = NULL;
	lex_ctx->buf = NULL;
#endif
}

/*
 *  Set lexer input position and reinitialize lookup window.
 */

/* NB: duk_lexer_getpoint() is a macro only */

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_lexer_setpoint(duk_lexer_ctx *lex_ctx, duk_lexer_point *pt) {
	DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(pt->offset >= 0);  /* unsigned */
	DUK_ASSERT(pt->line >= 1);
	lex_ctx->input_offset = pt->offset;
	lex_ctx->input_line = pt->line;
	duk__init_lexer_window(lex_ctx);
}

/*
 *  Lexing helpers
 */

/* numeric value of a hex digit (also covers octal and decimal digits) */
DUK_LOCAL duk_codepoint_t duk__hexval(duk_lexer_ctx *lex_ctx, duk_codepoint_t x) {
	duk_small_int_t t;

	/* Here 'x' is a Unicode codepoint */
	if (DUK_LIKELY(x >= 0 && x <= 0xff)) {
		t = duk_hex_dectab[x];
		if (DUK_LIKELY(t >= 0)) {
			return t;
		}
	}

	/* Throwing an error this deep makes the error rather vague, but
	 * saves hundreds of bytes of code.
	 */
	DUK_ERROR_SYNTAX(lex_ctx->thr, "decode error");
	return 0;
}

/* having this as a separate function provided a size benefit */
DUK_LOCAL duk_bool_t duk__is_hex_digit(duk_codepoint_t x) {
	if (DUK_LIKELY(x >= 0 && x <= 0xff)) {
		return (duk_hex_dectab[x] >= 0);
	}
	return 0;
}

DUK_LOCAL duk_codepoint_t duk__decode_hexesc_from_window(duk_lexer_ctx *lex_ctx, duk_small_int_t lookup_offset) {
	/* validation performed by duk__hexval */
	return (duk__hexval(lex_ctx, lex_ctx->window[lookup_offset].codepoint) << 4) |
	       (duk__hexval(lex_ctx, lex_ctx->window[lookup_offset + 1].codepoint));
}

DUK_LOCAL duk_codepoint_t duk__decode_uniesc_from_window(duk_lexer_ctx *lex_ctx, duk_small_int_t lookup_offset) {
	/* validation performed by duk__hexval */
	return (duk__hexval(lex_ctx, lex_ctx->window[lookup_offset].codepoint) << 12) |
	       (duk__hexval(lex_ctx, lex_ctx->window[lookup_offset + 1].codepoint) << 8) |
	       (duk__hexval(lex_ctx, lex_ctx->window[lookup_offset + 2].codepoint) << 4) |
	       (duk__hexval(lex_ctx, lex_ctx->window[lookup_offset + 3].codepoint));
}

/*
 *  Parse Ecmascript source InputElementDiv or InputElementRegExp
 *  (E5 Section 7), skipping whitespace, comments, and line terminators.
 *
 *  Possible results are:
 *    (1) a token
 *    (2) a line terminator (skipped)
 *    (3) a comment (skipped)
 *    (4) EOF
 *
 *  White space is automatically skipped from the current position (but
 *  not after the input element).  If input has already ended, returns
 *  DUK_TOK_EOF indefinitely.  If a parse error occurs, uses an DUK_ERROR()
 *  macro call (and hence a longjmp through current heap longjmp context).
 *  Comments and line terminator tokens are automatically skipped.
 *
 *  The input element being matched is determined by regexp_mode; if set,
 *  parses a InputElementRegExp, otherwise a InputElementDiv.  The
 *  difference between these are handling of productions starting with a
 *  forward slash.
 *
 *  If strict_mode is set, recognizes additional future reserved words
 *  specific to strict mode, and refuses to parse octal literals.
 *
 *  The matching strategy below is to (currently) use a six character
 *  lookup window to quickly determine which production is the -longest-
 *  matching one, and then parse that.  The top-level if-else clauses
 *  match the first character, and the code blocks for each clause
 *  handle -all- alternatives for that first character.  Ecmascript
 *  specification uses the "longest match wins" semantics, so the order
 *  of the if-clauses matters.
 *
 *  Misc notes:
 *
 *    * Ecmascript numeric literals do not accept a sign character.
 *      Consequently e.g. "-1.0" is parsed as two tokens: a negative
 *      sign and a positive numeric literal.  The compiler performs
 *      the negation during compilation, so this has no adverse impact.
 *
 *    * There is no token for "undefined": it is just a value available
 *      from the global object (or simply established by doing a reference
 *      to an undefined value).
 *
 *    * Some contexts want Identifier tokens, which are IdentifierNames
 *      excluding reserved words, while some contexts want IdentifierNames
 *      directly.  In the latter case e.g. "while" is interpreted as an
 *      identifier name, not a DUK_TOK_WHILE token.  The solution here is
 *      to provide both token types: DUK_TOK_WHILE goes to 't' while
 *      DUK_TOK_IDENTIFIER goes to 't_nores', and 'slot1' always contains
 *      the identifier / keyword name.
 *
 *    * Directive prologue needs to identify string literals such as
 *      "use strict" and 'use strict', which are sensitive to line
 *      continuations and escape sequences.  For instance, "use\u0020strict"
 *      is a valid directive but is distinct from "use strict".  The solution
 *      here is to decode escapes while tokenizing, but to keep track of the
 *      number of escapes.  Directive detection can then check that the
 *      number of escapes is zero.
 *
 *    * Multi-line comments with one or more internal LineTerminator are
 *      treated like a line terminator to comply with automatic semicolon
 *      insertion.
 */

DUK_INTERNAL
void duk_lexer_parse_js_input_element(duk_lexer_ctx *lex_ctx,
                                      duk_token *out_token,
                                      duk_bool_t strict_mode,
                                      duk_bool_t regexp_mode) {
	duk_codepoint_t x;           /* temporary, must be signed and 32-bit to hold Unicode code points */
	duk_small_uint_t advtok = 0; /* (advance << 8) + token_type, updated at function end,
	                              * init is unnecessary but suppresses "may be used uninitialized" warnings.
	                              */
	duk_bool_t got_lineterm = 0;  /* got lineterm preceding non-whitespace, non-lineterm token */

	if (++lex_ctx->token_count >= lex_ctx->token_limit) {
		DUK_ERROR_RANGE(lex_ctx->thr, "token limit");
		return;  /* unreachable */
	}

	out_token->t = DUK_TOK_EOF;
	out_token->t_nores = -1;  /* marker: copy t if not changed */
#if 0  /* not necessary to init, disabled for faster parsing */
	out_token->num = DUK_DOUBLE_NAN;
	out_token->str1 = NULL;
	out_token->str2 = NULL;
#endif
	out_token->num_escapes = 0;
	/* out_token->lineterm set by caller */

	/* This would be nice, but parsing is faster without resetting the
	 * value slots.  The only side effect is that references to temporary
	 * string values may linger until lexing is finished; they're then
	 * freed normally.
	 */
#if 0
	duk_to_undefined((duk_context *) lex_ctx->thr, lex_ctx->slot1_idx);
	duk_to_undefined((duk_context *) lex_ctx->thr, lex_ctx->slot2_idx);
#endif

	/* 'advtok' indicates how much to advance and which token id to assign
	 * at the end.  This shared functionality minimizes code size.  All
	 * code paths are required to set 'advtok' to some value, so no default
	 * init value is used.  Code paths calling DUK_ERROR() never return so
	 * they don't need to set advtok.
	 */

	/*
	 *  Matching order:
	 *
	 *    Punctuator first chars, also covers comments, regexps
	 *    LineTerminator
	 *    Identifier or reserved word, also covers null/true/false literals
	 *    NumericLiteral
	 *    StringLiteral
	 *    EOF
	 *
	 *  The order does not matter as long as the longest match is
	 *  always correctly identified.  There are order dependencies
	 *  in the clauses, so it's not trivial to convert to a switch.
	 */

 restart_lineupdate:
	out_token->start_line = lex_ctx->window[0].line;

 restart:
	out_token->start_offset = lex_ctx->window[0].offset;

	x = DUK__L0();

	switch (x) {
	case DUK_ASC_SPACE:
	case DUK_ASC_HT:  /* fast paths for space and tab */
		DUK__ADVANCECHARS(lex_ctx, 1);
		goto restart;
	case DUK_ASC_LF:  /* LF line terminator; CR LF and Unicode lineterms are handled in slow path */
		DUK__ADVANCECHARS(lex_ctx, 1);
		got_lineterm = 1;
		goto restart_lineupdate;
	case DUK_ASC_SLASH:  /* '/' */
		if (DUK__L1() == '/') {
			/*
			 *  E5 Section 7.4, allow SourceCharacter (which is any 16-bit
			 *  code point).
			 */

			/* DUK__ADVANCECHARS(lex_ctx, 2) would be correct here, but it unnecessary */
			for (;;) {
				x = DUK__L0();
				if (x < 0 || duk_unicode_is_line_terminator(x)) {
					break;
				}
				DUK__ADVANCECHARS(lex_ctx, 1);
			}
			goto restart;  /* line terminator will be handled on next round */
		} else if (DUK__L1() == '*') {
			/*
			 *  E5 Section 7.4.  If the multi-line comment contains a newline,
			 *  it is treated like a single line terminator for automatic
			 *  semicolon insertion.
			 */

			duk_bool_t last_asterisk = 0;
			DUK__ADVANCECHARS(lex_ctx, 2);
			for (;;) {
				x = DUK__L0();
				if (x < 0) {
					DUK_ERROR_SYNTAX(lex_ctx->thr, "eof in multiline comment");
				}
				DUK__ADVANCECHARS(lex_ctx, 1);
				if (last_asterisk && x == '/') {
					break;
				}
				if (duk_unicode_is_line_terminator(x)) {
					got_lineterm = 1;
				}
				last_asterisk = (x == '*');
			}
			goto restart_lineupdate;
		} else if (regexp_mode) {
#if defined(DUK_USE_REGEXP_SUPPORT)
			/*
			 *  "/" followed by something in regexp mode.  See E5 Section 7.8.5.
			 *
			 *  RegExp parsing is a bit complex.  First, the regexp body is delimited
			 *  by forward slashes, but the body may also contain forward slashes as
			 *  part of an escape sequence or inside a character class (delimited by
			 *  square brackets).  A mini state machine is used to implement these.
			 *
			 *  Further, an early (parse time) error must be thrown if the regexp
			 *  would cause a run-time error when used in the expression new RegExp(...).
			 *  Parsing here simply extracts the (candidate) regexp, and also accepts
			 *  invalid regular expressions (which are delimited properly).  The caller
			 *  (compiler) must perform final validation and regexp compilation.
			 *
			 *  RegExp first char may not be '/' (single line comment) or '*' (multi-
			 *  line comment).  These have already been checked above, so there is no
			 *  need below for special handling of the first regexp character as in
			 *  the E5 productions.
			 *
			 *  About unicode escapes within regexp literals:
			 *
			 *      E5 Section 7.8.5 grammar does NOT accept \uHHHH escapes.
			 *      However, Section 6 states that regexps accept the escapes,
			 *      see paragraph starting with "In string literals...".
			 *      The regexp grammar, which sees the decoded regexp literal
			 *      (after lexical parsing) DOES have a \uHHHH unicode escape.
			 *      So, for instance:
			 *
			 *          /\u1234/
			 *
			 *      should first be parsed by the lexical grammar as:
			 *
			 *          '\' 'u'      RegularExpressionBackslashSequence
			 *          '1'          RegularExpressionNonTerminator
			 *          '2'          RegularExpressionNonTerminator
			 *          '3'          RegularExpressionNonTerminator
			 *          '4'          RegularExpressionNonTerminator
			 *
			 *      and the escape itself is then parsed by the regexp engine.
			 *      This is the current implementation.
			 *
			 *  Minor spec inconsistency:
			 *
			 *      E5 Section 7.8.5 RegularExpressionBackslashSequence is:
			 *
			 *         \ RegularExpressionNonTerminator
			 *
			 *      while Section A.1 RegularExpressionBackslashSequence is:
			 *
			 *         \ NonTerminator
			 *
			 *      The latter is not normative and a typo.
			 *
			 */

			/* first, parse regexp body roughly */

			duk_small_int_t state = 0;  /* 0=base, 1=esc, 2=class, 3=class+esc */

			DUK__INITBUFFER(lex_ctx);
			for (;;) {
				DUK__ADVANCECHARS(lex_ctx, 1);  /* skip opening slash on first loop */
				x = DUK__L0();
				if (x < 0 || duk_unicode_is_line_terminator(x)) {
					DUK_ERROR_SYNTAX(lex_ctx->thr, "eof or line terminator in regexp");
				}
				x = DUK__L0();  /* re-read to avoid spill / fetch */
				if (state == 0) {
					if (x == '/') {
						DUK__ADVANCECHARS(lex_ctx, 1);  /* eat closing slash */
						break;
					} else if (x == '\\') {
						state = 1;
					} else if (x == '[') {
						state = 2;
					}
				} else if (state == 1) {
					state = 0;
				} else if (state == 2) {
					if (x == ']') {
						state = 0;
					} else if (x == '\\') {
						state = 3;
					}
				} else { /* state == 3 */
					state = 2;
				}
				DUK__APPENDBUFFER(lex_ctx, x);
			}
			duk__internbuffer(lex_ctx, lex_ctx->slot1_idx);
			out_token->str1 = duk_get_hstring((duk_context *) lex_ctx->thr, lex_ctx->slot1_idx);

			/* second, parse flags */

			DUK__INITBUFFER(lex_ctx);
			for (;;) {
				x = DUK__L0();
				if (!duk_unicode_is_identifier_part(x)) {
					break;
				}
				x = DUK__L0();  /* re-read to avoid spill / fetch */
				DUK__APPENDBUFFER(lex_ctx, x);
				DUK__ADVANCECHARS(lex_ctx, 1);
			}
			duk__internbuffer(lex_ctx, lex_ctx->slot2_idx);
			out_token->str2 = duk_get_hstring((duk_context *) lex_ctx->thr, lex_ctx->slot2_idx);

			DUK__INITBUFFER(lex_ctx);  /* free some memory */

			/* validation of the regexp is caller's responsibility */

			advtok = DUK__ADVTOK(0, DUK_TOK_REGEXP);
#else
			DUK_ERROR_SYNTAX(lex_ctx->thr, "regexp support disabled");
#endif
		} else if (DUK__L1() == '=') {
			/* "/=" and not in regexp mode */
			advtok = DUK__ADVTOK(2, DUK_TOK_DIV_EQ);
		} else {
			/* "/" and not in regexp mode */
			advtok = DUK__ADVTOK(1, DUK_TOK_DIV);
		}
		break;
	case DUK_ASC_LCURLY:  /* '{' */
		advtok = DUK__ADVTOK(1, DUK_TOK_LCURLY);
		break;
	case DUK_ASC_RCURLY:  /* '}' */
		advtok = DUK__ADVTOK(1, DUK_TOK_RCURLY);
		break;
	case DUK_ASC_LPAREN:  /* '(' */
		advtok = DUK__ADVTOK(1, DUK_TOK_LPAREN);
		break;
	case DUK_ASC_RPAREN:  /* ')' */
		advtok = DUK__ADVTOK(1, DUK_TOK_RPAREN);
		break;
	case DUK_ASC_LBRACKET:  /* '[' */
		advtok = DUK__ADVTOK(1, DUK_TOK_LBRACKET);
		break;
	case DUK_ASC_RBRACKET:  /* ']' */
		advtok = DUK__ADVTOK(1, DUK_TOK_RBRACKET);
		break;
	case DUK_ASC_PERIOD:  /* '.' */
		if (DUK__ISDIGIT(DUK__L1())) {
			/* Period followed by a digit can only start DecimalLiteral
			 * (handled in slow path).  We could jump straight into the
			 * DecimalLiteral handling but should avoid goto to inside
			 * a block.
			 */
			goto slow_path;
		}
		advtok = DUK__ADVTOK(1, DUK_TOK_PERIOD);
		break;
	case DUK_ASC_SEMICOLON:  /* ';' */
		advtok = DUK__ADVTOK(1, DUK_TOK_SEMICOLON);
		break;
	case DUK_ASC_COMMA:  /* ',' */
		advtok = DUK__ADVTOK(1, DUK_TOK_COMMA);
		break;
	case DUK_ASC_LANGLE:  /* '<' */
		if (DUK__L1() == '<' && DUK__L2() == '=') {
			advtok = DUK__ADVTOK(3, DUK_TOK_ALSHIFT_EQ);
		} else if (DUK__L1() == '=') {
			advtok = DUK__ADVTOK(2, DUK_TOK_LE);
		} else if (DUK__L1() == '<') {
			advtok = DUK__ADVTOK(2, DUK_TOK_ALSHIFT);
		} else {
			advtok = DUK__ADVTOK(1, DUK_TOK_LT);
		}
		break;
	case DUK_ASC_RANGLE:  /* '>' */
		if (DUK__L1() == '>' && DUK__L2() == '>' && DUK__L3() == '=') {
			advtok = DUK__ADVTOK(4, DUK_TOK_RSHIFT_EQ);
		} else if (DUK__L1() == '>' && DUK__L2() == '>') {
			advtok = DUK__ADVTOK(3, DUK_TOK_RSHIFT);
		} else if (DUK__L1() == '>' && DUK__L2() == '=') {
			advtok = DUK__ADVTOK(3, DUK_TOK_ARSHIFT_EQ);
		} else if (DUK__L1() == '=') {
			advtok = DUK__ADVTOK(2, DUK_TOK_GE);
		} else if (DUK__L1() == '>') {
			advtok = DUK__ADVTOK(2, DUK_TOK_ARSHIFT);
		} else {
			advtok = DUK__ADVTOK(1, DUK_TOK_GT);
		}
		break;
	case DUK_ASC_EQUALS:  /* '=' */
		if (DUK__L1() == '=' && DUK__L2() == '=') {
			advtok = DUK__ADVTOK(3, DUK_TOK_SEQ);
		} else if (DUK__L1() == '=') {
			advtok = DUK__ADVTOK(2, DUK_TOK_EQ);
		} else {
			advtok = DUK__ADVTOK(1, DUK_TOK_EQUALSIGN);
		}
		break;
	case DUK_ASC_EXCLAMATION:  /* '!' */
		if (DUK__L1() == '=' && DUK__L2() == '=') {
			advtok = DUK__ADVTOK(3, DUK_TOK_SNEQ);
		} else if (DUK__L1() == '=') {
			advtok = DUK__ADVTOK(2, DUK_TOK_NEQ);
		} else {
			advtok = DUK__ADVTOK(1, DUK_TOK_LNOT);
		}
		break;
	case DUK_ASC_PLUS:  /* '+' */
		if (DUK__L1() == '+') {
			advtok = DUK__ADVTOK(2, DUK_TOK_INCREMENT);
		} else if (DUK__L1() == '=') {
			advtok = DUK__ADVTOK(2, DUK_TOK_ADD_EQ);
		} else {
			advtok = DUK__ADVTOK(1, DUK_TOK_ADD);
		}
		break;
	case DUK_ASC_MINUS:  /* '-' */
		if (DUK__L1() == '-') {
			advtok = DUK__ADVTOK(2, DUK_TOK_DECREMENT);
		} else if (DUK__L1() == '=') {
			advtok = DUK__ADVTOK(2, DUK_TOK_SUB_EQ);
		} else {
			advtok = DUK__ADVTOK(1, DUK_TOK_SUB);
		}
		break;
	case DUK_ASC_STAR:  /* '*' */
		if (DUK__L1() == '=') {
			advtok = DUK__ADVTOK(2, DUK_TOK_MUL_EQ);
		} else {
			advtok = DUK__ADVTOK(1, DUK_TOK_MUL);
		}
		break;
	case DUK_ASC_PERCENT:  /* '%' */
		if (DUK__L1() == '=') {
			advtok = DUK__ADVTOK(2, DUK_TOK_MOD_EQ);
		} else {
			advtok = DUK__ADVTOK(1, DUK_TOK_MOD);
		}
		break;
	case DUK_ASC_AMP:  /* '&' */
		if (DUK__L1() == '&') {
			advtok = DUK__ADVTOK(2, DUK_TOK_LAND);
		} else if (DUK__L1() == '=') {
			advtok = DUK__ADVTOK(2, DUK_TOK_BAND_EQ);
		} else {
			advtok = DUK__ADVTOK(1, DUK_TOK_BAND);
		}
		break;
	case DUK_ASC_PIPE:  /* '|' */
		if (DUK__L1() == '|') {
			advtok = DUK__ADVTOK(2, DUK_TOK_LOR);
		} else if (DUK__L1() == '=') {
			advtok = DUK__ADVTOK(2, DUK_TOK_BOR_EQ);
		} else {
			advtok = DUK__ADVTOK(1, DUK_TOK_BOR);
		}
		break;
	case DUK_ASC_CARET:  /* '^' */
		if (DUK__L1() == '=') {
			advtok = DUK__ADVTOK(2, DUK_TOK_BXOR_EQ);
		} else {
			advtok = DUK__ADVTOK(1, DUK_TOK_BXOR);
		}
		break;
	case DUK_ASC_TILDE:  /* '~' */
		advtok = DUK__ADVTOK(1, DUK_TOK_BNOT);
		break;
	case DUK_ASC_QUESTION:  /* '?' */
		advtok = DUK__ADVTOK(1, DUK_TOK_QUESTION);
		break;
	case DUK_ASC_COLON:  /* ':' */
		advtok = DUK__ADVTOK(1, DUK_TOK_COLON);
		break;
	case DUK_ASC_DOUBLEQUOTE:    /* '"' */
	case DUK_ASC_SINGLEQUOTE: {  /* '\'' */
		duk_small_int_t quote = x;  /* Note: duk_uint8_t type yields larger code */
		duk_small_int_t adv;

		DUK__INITBUFFER(lex_ctx);
		for (;;) {
			DUK__ADVANCECHARS(lex_ctx, 1);  /* eat opening quote on first loop */
			x = DUK__L0();
			if (x < 0 || duk_unicode_is_line_terminator(x)) {
				DUK_ERROR_SYNTAX(lex_ctx->thr, "eof or line terminator in string literal");
			}
			if (x == quote) {
				DUK__ADVANCECHARS(lex_ctx, 1);  /* eat closing quote */
				break;
			}
			if (x == '\\') {
				/* DUK__L0        -> '\' char
				 * DUK__L1 ... DUK__L5 -> more lookup
				 */

				x = DUK__L1();

				/* How much to advance before next loop; note that next loop
				 * will advance by 1 anyway, so -1 from the total escape
				 * length (e.g. len('\uXXXX') - 1 = 6 - 1).  As a default,
				 * 1 is good.
				 */
				adv = 2 - 1;  /* note: long live range */

				if (x < 0) {
					DUK_ERROR_SYNTAX(lex_ctx->thr, "eof or line terminator in string literal");
				}
				if (duk_unicode_is_line_terminator(x)) {
					/* line continuation */
					if (x == 0x000d && DUK__L2() == 0x000a) {
						/* CR LF again a special case */
						adv = 3 - 1;
					}
				} else if (x == '\'') {
					DUK__APPENDBUFFER(lex_ctx, 0x0027);
				} else if (x == '"') {
					DUK__APPENDBUFFER(lex_ctx, 0x0022);
				} else if (x == '\\') {
					DUK__APPENDBUFFER(lex_ctx, 0x005c);
				} else if (x == 'b') {
					DUK__APPENDBUFFER(lex_ctx, 0x0008);
				} else if (x == 'f') {
					DUK__APPENDBUFFER(lex_ctx, 0x000c);
				} else if (x == 'n') {
					DUK__APPENDBUFFER(lex_ctx, 0x000a);
				} else if (x == 'r') {
					DUK__APPENDBUFFER(lex_ctx, 0x000d);
				} else if (x == 't') {
					DUK__APPENDBUFFER(lex_ctx, 0x0009);
				} else if (x == 'v') {
					DUK__APPENDBUFFER(lex_ctx, 0x000b);
				} else if (x == 'x') {
					adv = 4 - 1;
					DUK__APPENDBUFFER(lex_ctx, duk__decode_hexesc_from_window(lex_ctx, 2));
				} else if (x == 'u') {
					adv = 6 - 1;
					DUK__APPENDBUFFER(lex_ctx, duk__decode_uniesc_from_window(lex_ctx, 2));
				} else if (DUK__ISDIGIT(x)) {
					duk_codepoint_t ch = 0;  /* initialized to avoid warnings of unused var */

					/*
					 *  Octal escape or zero escape:
					 *    \0                                     (lookahead not DecimalDigit)
					 *    \1 ... \7                              (lookahead not DecimalDigit)
					 *    \ZeroToThree OctalDigit                (lookahead not DecimalDigit)
					 *    \FourToSeven OctalDigit                (no lookahead restrictions)
					 *    \ZeroToThree OctalDigit OctalDigit     (no lookahead restrictions)
					 *
					 *  Zero escape is part of the standard syntax.  Octal escapes are
					 *  defined in E5 Section B.1.2, and are only allowed in non-strict mode.
					 *  Any other productions starting with a decimal digit are invalid.
					 */

					if (x == '0' && !DUK__ISDIGIT(DUK__L2())) {
						/* Zero escape (also allowed in non-strict mode) */
						ch = 0;
						/* adv = 2 - 1 default OK */
#if defined(DUK_USE_OCTAL_SUPPORT)
					} else if (strict_mode) {
						/* No other escape beginning with a digit in strict mode */
						DUK_ERROR_SYNTAX(lex_ctx->thr, "invalid escape in string literal");
					} else if (DUK__ISDIGIT03(x) && DUK__ISOCTDIGIT(DUK__L2()) && DUK__ISOCTDIGIT(DUK__L3())) {
						/* Three digit octal escape, digits validated. */
						adv = 4 - 1;
						ch = (duk__hexval(lex_ctx, x) << 6) +
						     (duk__hexval(lex_ctx, DUK__L2()) << 3) +
						     duk__hexval(lex_ctx, DUK__L3());
					} else if (((DUK__ISDIGIT03(x) && !DUK__ISDIGIT(DUK__L3())) || DUK__ISDIGIT47(x)) &&
					           DUK__ISOCTDIGIT(DUK__L2())) {
						/* Two digit octal escape, digits validated.
						 *
						 * The if-condition is a bit tricky.  We could catch e.g.
						 * '\039' in the three-digit escape and fail it there (by
					         * validating the digits), but we want to avoid extra
						 * additional validation code.
						 */
						adv = 3 - 1;
						ch = (duk__hexval(lex_ctx, x) << 3) +
						     duk__hexval(lex_ctx, DUK__L2());
					} else if (DUK__ISDIGIT(x) && !DUK__ISDIGIT(DUK__L2())) {
						/* One digit octal escape, digit validated. */
						/* adv = 2 default OK */
						ch = duk__hexval(lex_ctx, x);
#else
					/* fall through to error */
#endif
					} else {
						DUK_ERROR_SYNTAX(lex_ctx->thr, "invalid escape in string literal");
					}

					DUK__APPENDBUFFER(lex_ctx, ch);
				} else {
					/* escaped NonEscapeCharacter */
					DUK__APPENDBUFFER(lex_ctx, x);
				}
				DUK__ADVANCECHARS(lex_ctx, adv);

				/* Track number of escapes; count not really needed but directive
				 * prologues need to detect whether there were any escapes or line
				 * continuations or not.
				 */
				out_token->num_escapes++;
			} else {
				/* part of string */
				DUK__APPENDBUFFER(lex_ctx, x);
			}
		}

		duk__internbuffer(lex_ctx, lex_ctx->slot1_idx);
		out_token->str1 = duk_get_hstring((duk_context *) lex_ctx->thr, lex_ctx->slot1_idx);

		DUK__INITBUFFER(lex_ctx);  /* free some memory */

		advtok = DUK__ADVTOK(0, DUK_TOK_STRING);
		break;
	}
	default:
		goto slow_path;
	}  /* switch */

	goto skip_slow_path;

 slow_path:
	if (duk_unicode_is_line_terminator(x)) {
		if (x == 0x000d && DUK__L1() == 0x000a) {
			/*
			 *  E5 Section 7.3: CR LF is detected as a single line terminator for
			 *  line numbers.  Here we also detect it as a single line terminator
			 *  token.
			 */
			DUK__ADVANCECHARS(lex_ctx, 2);
		} else {
			DUK__ADVANCECHARS(lex_ctx, 1);
		}
		got_lineterm = 1;
		goto restart_lineupdate;
	} else if (duk_unicode_is_identifier_start(x) || x == '\\') {
		/*
		 *  Parse an identifier and then check whether it is:
		 *    - reserved word (keyword or other reserved word)
		 *    - "null"  (NullLiteral)
		 *    - "true"  (BooleanLiteral)
		 *    - "false" (BooleanLiteral)
		 *    - anything else => identifier
		 *
		 *  This does not follow the E5 productions cleanly, but is
		 *  useful and compact.
		 *
		 *  Note that identifiers may contain Unicode escapes,
		 *  see E5 Sections 6 and 7.6.  They must be decoded first,
		 *  and the result checked against allowed characters.
		 *  The above if-clause accepts an identifier start and an
		 *  '\' character -- no other token can begin with a '\'.
		 *
		 *  Note that "get" and "set" are not reserved words in E5
		 *  specification so they are recognized as plain identifiers
		 *  (the tokens DUK_TOK_GET and DUK_TOK_SET are actually not
		 *  used now).  The compiler needs to work around this.
		 *
		 *  Strictly speaking, following Ecmascript longest match
		 *  specification, an invalid escape for the first character
		 *  should cause a syntax error.  However, an invalid escape
		 *  for IdentifierParts should just terminate the identifier
		 *  early (longest match), and let the next tokenization
		 *  fail.  For instance Rhino croaks with 'foo\z' when
		 *  parsing the identifier.  This has little practical impact.
		 */

		duk_small_int_t i, i_end;
		duk_bool_t first = 1;
		duk_hstring *str;

		DUK__INITBUFFER(lex_ctx);
		for (;;) {
			/* re-lookup first char on first loop */
			if (DUK__L0() == '\\') {
				duk_codepoint_t ch;
				if (DUK__L1() != 'u') {
					DUK_ERROR_SYNTAX(lex_ctx->thr, "invalid unicode escape in identifier");
				}

				ch = duk__decode_uniesc_from_window(lex_ctx, 2);

				/* IdentifierStart is stricter than IdentifierPart, so if the first
				 * character is escaped, must have a stricter check here.
				 */
				if (!(first ? duk_unicode_is_identifier_start(ch) : duk_unicode_is_identifier_part(ch))) {
					DUK_ERROR_SYNTAX(lex_ctx->thr, "invalid unicode escape in identifier");
				}
				DUK__APPENDBUFFER(lex_ctx, ch);
				DUK__ADVANCECHARS(lex_ctx, 6);

				/* Track number of escapes: necessary for proper keyword
				 * detection.
				 */
				out_token->num_escapes++;
			} else {
				/* Note: first character is checked against this.  But because
				 * IdentifierPart includes all IdentifierStart characters, and
				 * the first character (if unescaped) has already been checked
				 * in the if condition, this is OK.
				 */
				if (!duk_unicode_is_identifier_part(DUK__L0())) {
					break;
				}
				DUK__APPENDBUFFER(lex_ctx, DUK__L0());
				DUK__ADVANCECHARS(lex_ctx, 1);
			}
			first = 0;
		}

		duk__internbuffer(lex_ctx, lex_ctx->slot1_idx);
		out_token->str1 = duk_get_hstring((duk_context *) lex_ctx->thr, lex_ctx->slot1_idx);
		str = out_token->str1;
		DUK_ASSERT(str != NULL);
		out_token->t_nores = DUK_TOK_IDENTIFIER;

		DUK__INITBUFFER(lex_ctx);  /* free some memory */

		/*
		 *  Interned identifier is compared against reserved words, which are
		 *  currently interned into the heap context.  See genbuiltins.py.
		 *
		 *  Note that an escape in the identifier disables recognition of
		 *  keywords; e.g. "\u0069f = 1;" is a valid statement (assigns to
		 *  identifier named "if").  This is not necessarily compliant,
		 *  see test-dec-escaped-char-in-keyword.js.
		 *
		 *  Note: "get" and "set" are awkward.  They are not officially
		 *  ReservedWords (and indeed e.g. "var set = 1;" is valid), and
		 *  must come out as DUK_TOK_IDENTIFIER.  The compiler needs to
		 *  work around this a bit.
		 */

		/* XXX: optimize by adding the token numbers directly into the
		 * always interned duk_hstring objects (there should be enough
		 * flag bits free for that)?
		 */

		i_end = (strict_mode ? DUK_STRIDX_END_RESERVED : DUK_STRIDX_START_STRICT_RESERVED);

		advtok = DUK__ADVTOK(0, DUK_TOK_IDENTIFIER);
		if (out_token->num_escapes == 0) {
			for (i = DUK_STRIDX_START_RESERVED; i < i_end; i++) {
				DUK_ASSERT(i >= 0 && i < DUK_HEAP_NUM_STRINGS);
				if (DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING(lex_ctx->thr, i) == str) {
					advtok = DUK__ADVTOK(0, DUK_STRIDX_TO_TOK(i));
					break;
				}
			}
		}
	} else if (DUK__ISDIGIT(x) || (x == '.')) {
		/* Note: decimal number may start with a period, but must be followed by a digit */

		/*
		 *  DecimalLiteral, HexIntegerLiteral, OctalIntegerLiteral
		 *  "pre-parsing", followed by an actual, accurate parser step.
		 *
		 *  Note: the leading sign character ('+' or '-') is -not- part of
		 *  the production in E5 grammar, and that the a DecimalLiteral
		 *  starting with a '0' must be followed by a non-digit.  Leading
		 *  zeroes are syntax errors and must be checked for.
		 *
		 *  XXX: the two step parsing process is quite awkward, it would
		 *  be more straightforward to allow numconv to parse the longest
		 *  valid prefix (it already does that, it only needs to indicate
		 *  where the input ended).  However, the lexer decodes characters
		 *  using a lookup window, so this is not a trivial change.
		 */

		/* XXX: because of the final check below (that the literal is not
		 * followed by a digit), this could maybe be simplified, if we bail
		 * out early from a leading zero (and if there are no periods etc).
		 * Maybe too complex.
		 */

		duk_double_t val;
		duk_bool_t int_only = 0;
		duk_bool_t allow_hex = 0;
		duk_small_int_t state;  /* 0=before period/exp,
		                         * 1=after period, before exp
		                         * 2=after exp, allow '+' or '-'
		                         * 3=after exp and exp sign
		                         */
		duk_small_uint_t s2n_flags;
		duk_codepoint_t y;

		DUK__INITBUFFER(lex_ctx);
		y = DUK__L1();
		if (x == '0' && (y == 'x' || y == 'X')) {
			DUK__APPENDBUFFER(lex_ctx, x);
			DUK__APPENDBUFFER(lex_ctx, y);
			DUK__ADVANCECHARS(lex_ctx, 2);
			int_only = 1;
			allow_hex = 1;
#if defined(DUK_USE_OCTAL_SUPPORT)
		} else if (!strict_mode && x == '0' && DUK__ISDIGIT(y)) {
			/* Note: if DecimalLiteral starts with a '0', it can only be
			 * followed by a period or an exponent indicator which starts
			 * with 'e' or 'E'.  Hence the if-check above ensures that
			 * OctalIntegerLiteral is the only valid NumericLiteral
			 * alternative at this point (even if y is, say, '9').
			 */

			DUK__APPENDBUFFER(lex_ctx, x);
			DUK__ADVANCECHARS(lex_ctx, 1);
			int_only = 1;
#endif
		}

		state = 0;
		for (;;) {
			x = DUK__L0();  /* re-lookup curr char on first round */
			if (DUK__ISDIGIT(x)) {
				/* Note: intentionally allow leading zeroes here, as the
				 * actual parser will check for them.
				 */
				if (state == 2) {
					state = 3;
				}
			} else if (allow_hex && DUK__ISHEXDIGIT(x)) {
				/* Note: 'e' and 'E' are also accepted here. */
				;
			} else if (x == '.') {
				if (state >= 1 || int_only) {
					break;
				} else {
					state = 1;
				}
			} else if (x == 'e' || x == 'E') {
				if (state >= 2 || int_only) {
					break;
				} else {
					state = 2;
				}
			} else if (x == '-' || x == '+') {
				if (state != 2) {
					break;
				} else {
					state = 3;
				}
			} else {
				break;
			}
			DUK__APPENDBUFFER(lex_ctx, x);
			DUK__ADVANCECHARS(lex_ctx, 1);
		}

		/* XXX: better coercion */
		duk__internbuffer(lex_ctx, lex_ctx->slot1_idx);

		s2n_flags = DUK_S2N_FLAG_ALLOW_EXP |
		            DUK_S2N_FLAG_ALLOW_FRAC |
		            DUK_S2N_FLAG_ALLOW_NAKED_FRAC |
		            DUK_S2N_FLAG_ALLOW_EMPTY_FRAC |
#if defined(DUK_USE_OCTAL_SUPPORT)
		            (strict_mode ? 0 : DUK_S2N_FLAG_ALLOW_AUTO_OCT_INT) |
#endif
		            DUK_S2N_FLAG_ALLOW_AUTO_HEX_INT;

		duk_dup((duk_context *) lex_ctx->thr, lex_ctx->slot1_idx);
		duk_numconv_parse((duk_context *) lex_ctx->thr, 10 /*radix*/, s2n_flags);
		val = duk_to_number((duk_context *) lex_ctx->thr, -1);
		if (DUK_ISNAN(val)) {
			DUK_ERROR_SYNTAX(lex_ctx->thr, "invalid numeric literal");
		}
		duk_replace((duk_context *) lex_ctx->thr, lex_ctx->slot1_idx);  /* could also just pop? */

		DUK__INITBUFFER(lex_ctx);  /* free some memory */

		/* Section 7.8.3 (note): NumericLiteral must be followed by something other than
		 * IdentifierStart or DecimalDigit.
		 */

		if (DUK__ISDIGIT(DUK__L0()) || duk_unicode_is_identifier_start(DUK__L0())) {
			DUK_ERROR_SYNTAX(lex_ctx->thr, "invalid numeric literal");
		}

		out_token->num = val;
		advtok = DUK__ADVTOK(0, DUK_TOK_NUMBER);
	} else if (duk_unicode_is_whitespace(DUK__LOOKUP(lex_ctx, 0))) {
		DUK__ADVANCECHARS(lex_ctx, 1);
		goto restart;
	} else if (x < 0) {
		advtok = DUK__ADVTOK(0, DUK_TOK_EOF);
	} else {
		DUK_ERROR_SYNTAX(lex_ctx->thr, "invalid token");
	}
 skip_slow_path:

	/*
	 *  Shared exit path
	 */

	DUK__ADVANCEBYTES(lex_ctx, advtok >> 8);
	out_token->t = advtok & 0xff;
	if (out_token->t_nores < 0) {
		out_token->t_nores = out_token->t;
	}
	out_token->lineterm = got_lineterm;

	/* Automatic semicolon insertion is allowed if a token is preceded
	 * by line terminator(s), or terminates a statement list (right curly
	 * or EOF).
	 */
	if (got_lineterm || out_token->t == DUK_TOK_RCURLY || out_token->t == DUK_TOK_EOF) {
		out_token->allow_auto_semi = 1;
	} else {
		out_token->allow_auto_semi = 0;
	}
}

#if defined(DUK_USE_REGEXP_SUPPORT)

/*
 *  Parse a RegExp token.  The grammar is described in E5 Section 15.10.
 *  Terminal constructions (such as quantifiers) are parsed directly here.
 *
 *  0xffffffffU is used as a marker for "infinity" in quantifiers.  Further,
 *  DUK__MAX_RE_QUANT_DIGITS limits the maximum number of digits that
 *  will be accepted for a quantifier.
 */

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_lexer_parse_re_token(duk_lexer_ctx *lex_ctx, duk_re_token *out_token) {
	duk_small_int_t advtok = 0;  /* init is unnecessary but suppresses "may be used uninitialized" warnings */
	duk_codepoint_t x, y;

	if (++lex_ctx->token_count >= lex_ctx->token_limit) {
		DUK_ERROR_RANGE(lex_ctx->thr, "token limit");
		return;  /* unreachable */
	}

	DUK_MEMZERO(out_token, sizeof(*out_token));

	x = DUK__L0();
	y = DUK__L1();

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("parsing regexp token, L0=%ld, L1=%ld", (long) x, (long) y));

	switch (x) {
	case '|': {
		advtok = DUK__ADVTOK(1, DUK_RETOK_DISJUNCTION);
		break;
	}
	case '^': {
		advtok = DUK__ADVTOK(1, DUK_RETOK_ASSERT_START);
		break;
	}
	case '$': {
		advtok = DUK__ADVTOK(1, DUK_RETOK_ASSERT_END);
		break;
	}
	case '?': {
		out_token->qmin = 0;
		out_token->qmax = 1;
		if (y == '?') {
			advtok = DUK__ADVTOK(2, DUK_RETOK_QUANTIFIER);
			out_token->greedy = 0;
		} else {
			advtok = DUK__ADVTOK(1, DUK_RETOK_QUANTIFIER);
			out_token->greedy = 1;
		}
		break;
	}
	case '*': {
		out_token->qmin = 0;
		out_token->qmax = DUK_RE_QUANTIFIER_INFINITE;
		if (y == '?') {
			advtok = DUK__ADVTOK(2, DUK_RETOK_QUANTIFIER);
			out_token->greedy = 0;
		} else {
			advtok = DUK__ADVTOK(1, DUK_RETOK_QUANTIFIER);
			out_token->greedy = 1;
		}
		break;
	}
	case '+': {
		out_token->qmin = 1;
		out_token->qmax = DUK_RE_QUANTIFIER_INFINITE;
		if (y == '?') {
			advtok = DUK__ADVTOK(2, DUK_RETOK_QUANTIFIER);
			out_token->greedy = 0;
		} else {
			advtok = DUK__ADVTOK(1, DUK_RETOK_QUANTIFIER);
			out_token->greedy = 1;
		}
		break;
	}
	case '{': {
		/* Production allows 'DecimalDigits', including leading zeroes */
		duk_uint_fast32_t val1 = 0;
		duk_uint_fast32_t val2 = DUK_RE_QUANTIFIER_INFINITE;
		duk_small_int_t digits = 0;
#if defined(DUK_USE_ES6_REGEXP_BRACES)
		duk_lexer_point lex_pt;
#endif

#if defined(DUK_USE_ES6_REGEXP_BRACES)
		/* Store lexer position, restoring if quantifier is invalid. */
		DUK_LEXER_GETPOINT(lex_ctx, &lex_pt);
#endif

		for (;;) {
			DUK__ADVANCECHARS(lex_ctx, 1);  /* eat '{' on entry */
			x = DUK__L0();
			if (DUK__ISDIGIT(x)) {
				digits++;
				val1 = val1 * 10 + (duk_uint_fast32_t) duk__hexval(lex_ctx, x);
			} else if (x == ',') {
				if (digits > DUK__MAX_RE_QUANT_DIGITS) {
					goto invalid_quantifier;
				}
				if (val2 != DUK_RE_QUANTIFIER_INFINITE) {
					goto invalid_quantifier;
				}
				if (DUK__L1() == '}') {
					/* form: { DecimalDigits , }, val1 = min count */
					if (digits == 0) {
						goto invalid_quantifier;
					}
					out_token->qmin = val1;
					out_token->qmax = DUK_RE_QUANTIFIER_INFINITE;
					DUK__ADVANCECHARS(lex_ctx, 2);
					break;
				}
				val2 = val1;
				val1 = 0;
				digits = 0;  /* not strictly necessary because of lookahead '}' above */
			} else if (x == '}') {
				if (digits > DUK__MAX_RE_QUANT_DIGITS) {
					goto invalid_quantifier;
				}
				if (digits == 0) {
					goto invalid_quantifier;
				}
				if (val2 != DUK_RE_QUANTIFIER_INFINITE) {
					/* val2 = min count, val1 = max count */
					out_token->qmin = val2;
					out_token->qmax = val1;
				} else {
					/* val1 = count */
					out_token->qmin = val1;
					out_token->qmax = val1;
				}
				DUK__ADVANCECHARS(lex_ctx, 1);
				break;
			} else {
				goto invalid_quantifier;
			}
		}
		if (DUK__L0() == '?') {
			out_token->greedy = 0;
			DUK__ADVANCECHARS(lex_ctx, 1);
		} else {
			out_token->greedy = 1;
		}
		advtok = DUK__ADVTOK(0, DUK_RETOK_QUANTIFIER);
		break;
 invalid_quantifier:
#if defined(DUK_USE_ES6_REGEXP_BRACES)
		/* Failed to match the quantifier, restore lexer and parse
		 * opening brace as a literal.
		 */
		DUK_LEXER_SETPOINT(lex_ctx, &lex_pt);
		advtok = DUK__ADVTOK(1, DUK_RETOK_ATOM_CHAR);
		out_token->num = '{';
#else
		DUK_ERROR_SYNTAX(lex_ctx->thr, "invalid regexp quantifier");
#endif
		break;
	}
	case '.': {
		advtok = DUK__ADVTOK(1, DUK_RETOK_ATOM_PERIOD);
		break;
	}
	case '\\': {
		/* The E5.1 specification does not seem to allow IdentifierPart characters
		 * to be used as identity escapes.  Unfortunately this includes '$', which
		 * cannot be escaped as '\$'; it needs to be escaped e.g. as '\u0024'.
		 * Many other implementations (including V8 and Rhino, for instance) do
		 * accept '\$' as a valid identity escape, which is quite pragmatic.
		 * See: test-regexp-identity-escape-dollar.js.
		 */

		advtok = DUK__ADVTOK(2, DUK_RETOK_ATOM_CHAR);  /* default: char escape (two chars) */
		if (y == 'b') {
			advtok = DUK__ADVTOK(2, DUK_RETOK_ASSERT_WORD_BOUNDARY);
		} else if (y == 'B') {
			advtok = DUK__ADVTOK(2, DUK_RETOK_ASSERT_NOT_WORD_BOUNDARY);
		} else if (y == 'f') {
			out_token->num = 0x000c;
		} else if (y == 'n') {
			out_token->num = 0x000a;
		} else if (y == 't') {
			out_token->num = 0x0009;
		} else if (y == 'r') {
			out_token->num = 0x000d;
		} else if (y == 'v') {
			out_token->num = 0x000b;
		} else if (y == 'c') {
			x = DUK__L2();
			if ((x >= 'a' && x <= 'z') ||
			    (x >= 'A' && x <= 'Z')) {
				out_token->num = (x % 32);
				advtok = DUK__ADVTOK(3, DUK_RETOK_ATOM_CHAR);
			} else {
				DUK_ERROR_SYNTAX(lex_ctx->thr, "invalid regexp escape");
			}
		} else if (y == 'x') {
			out_token->num = duk__decode_hexesc_from_window(lex_ctx, 2);
			advtok = DUK__ADVTOK(4, DUK_RETOK_ATOM_CHAR);
		} else if (y == 'u') {
			out_token->num = duk__decode_uniesc_from_window(lex_ctx, 2);
			advtok = DUK__ADVTOK(6, DUK_RETOK_ATOM_CHAR);
		} else if (y == 'd') {
			advtok = DUK__ADVTOK(2, DUK_RETOK_ATOM_DIGIT);
		} else if (y == 'D') {
			advtok = DUK__ADVTOK(2, DUK_RETOK_ATOM_NOT_DIGIT);
		} else if (y == 's') {
			advtok = DUK__ADVTOK(2, DUK_RETOK_ATOM_WHITE);
		} else if (y == 'S') {
			advtok = DUK__ADVTOK(2, DUK_RETOK_ATOM_NOT_WHITE);
		} else if (y == 'w') {
			advtok = DUK__ADVTOK(2, DUK_RETOK_ATOM_WORD_CHAR);
		} else if (y == 'W') {
			advtok = DUK__ADVTOK(2, DUK_RETOK_ATOM_NOT_WORD_CHAR);
		} else if (DUK__ISDIGIT(y)) {
			/* E5 Section 15.10.2.11 */
			if (y == '0') {
				if (DUK__ISDIGIT(DUK__L2())) {
					DUK_ERROR_SYNTAX(lex_ctx->thr, "invalid regexp escape");
				}
				out_token->num = 0x0000;
				advtok = DUK__ADVTOK(2, DUK_RETOK_ATOM_CHAR);
			} else {
				/* XXX: shared parsing? */
				duk_uint_fast32_t val = 0;
				duk_small_int_t i;
				for (i = 0; ; i++) {
					if (i >= DUK__MAX_RE_DECESC_DIGITS) {
						DUK_ERROR_SYNTAX(lex_ctx->thr, "invalid regexp escape");
					}
					DUK__ADVANCECHARS(lex_ctx, 1);  /* eat backslash on entry */
					x = DUK__L0();
					if (!DUK__ISDIGIT(x)) {
						break;
					}
					val = val * 10 + (duk_uint_fast32_t) duk__hexval(lex_ctx, x);
				}
				/* DUK__L0() cannot be a digit, because the loop doesn't terminate if it is */
				advtok = DUK__ADVTOK(0, DUK_RETOK_ATOM_BACKREFERENCE);
				out_token->num = val;
			}
		} else if ((y >= 0 && !duk_unicode_is_identifier_part(y)) ||
#if defined(DUK_USE_NONSTD_REGEXP_DOLLAR_ESCAPE)
		           y == '$' ||
#endif
		           y == DUK_UNICODE_CP_ZWNJ ||
		           y == DUK_UNICODE_CP_ZWJ) {
			/* IdentityEscape, with dollar added as a valid additional
			 * non-standard escape (see test-regexp-identity-escape-dollar.js).
			 * Careful not to match end-of-buffer (<0) here.
			 */
			out_token->num = y;
		} else {
			DUK_ERROR_SYNTAX(lex_ctx->thr, "invalid regexp escape");
		}
		break;
	}
	case '(': {
		/* XXX: naming is inconsistent: ATOM_END_GROUP ends an ASSERT_START_LOOKAHEAD */

		if (y == '?') {
			if (DUK__L2() == '=') {
				/* (?= */
				advtok = DUK__ADVTOK(3, DUK_RETOK_ASSERT_START_POS_LOOKAHEAD);
			} else if (DUK__L2() == '!') {
				/* (?! */
				advtok = DUK__ADVTOK(3, DUK_RETOK_ASSERT_START_NEG_LOOKAHEAD);
			} else if (DUK__L2() == ':') {
				/* (?: */
				advtok = DUK__ADVTOK(3, DUK_RETOK_ATOM_START_NONCAPTURE_GROUP);
			}
		} else {
			/* ( */
			advtok = DUK__ADVTOK(1, DUK_RETOK_ATOM_START_CAPTURE_GROUP);
		}
		break;
	}
	case ')': {
		advtok = DUK__ADVTOK(1, DUK_RETOK_ATOM_END_GROUP);
		break;
	}
	case '[': {
		/*
		 *  To avoid creating a heavy intermediate value for the list of ranges,
		 *  only the start token ('[' or '[^') is parsed here.  The regexp
		 *  compiler parses the ranges itself.
		 */
		advtok = DUK__ADVTOK(1, DUK_RETOK_ATOM_START_CHARCLASS);
		if (y == '^') {
			advtok = DUK__ADVTOK(2, DUK_RETOK_ATOM_START_CHARCLASS_INVERTED);
		}
		break;
	}
#if !defined(DUK_USE_ES6_REGEXP_BRACES)
	case '}':
#endif
	case ']': {
		/* Although these could be parsed as PatternCharacters unambiguously (here),
		 * E5 Section 15.10.1 grammar explicitly forbids these as PatternCharacters.
		 */
		DUK_ERROR_SYNTAX(lex_ctx->thr, "invalid regexp character");
		break;
	}
	case -1: {
		/* EOF */
		advtok = DUK__ADVTOK(0, DUK_TOK_EOF);
		break;
	}
	default: {
		/* PatternCharacter, all excluded characters are matched by cases above */
		advtok = DUK__ADVTOK(1, DUK_RETOK_ATOM_CHAR);
		out_token->num = x;
		break;
	}
	}

	/*
	 *  Shared exit path
	 */

	DUK__ADVANCEBYTES(lex_ctx, advtok >> 8);
	out_token->t = advtok & 0xff;
}

/*
 *  Special parser for character classes; calls callback for every
 *  range parsed and returns the number of ranges present.
 */

/* XXX: this duplicates functionality in duk_regexp.c where a similar loop is
 * required anyway.  We could use that BUT we need to update the regexp compiler
 * 'nranges' too.  Work this out a bit more cleanly to save space.
 */

/* XXX: the handling of character range detection is a bit convoluted.
 * Try to simplify and make smaller.
 */

/* XXX: logic for handling character ranges is now incorrect, it will accept
 * e.g. [\d-z] whereas it should croak from it?  SMJS accepts this too, though.
 *
 * Needs a read through and a lot of additional tests.
 */

DUK_LOCAL
void duk__emit_u16_direct_ranges(duk_lexer_ctx *lex_ctx,
                                 duk_re_range_callback gen_range,
                                 void *userdata,
                                 const duk_uint16_t *ranges,
                                 duk_small_int_t num) {
	const duk_uint16_t *ranges_end;

	DUK_UNREF(lex_ctx);

	ranges_end = ranges + num;
	while (ranges < ranges_end) {
		/* mark range 'direct', bypass canonicalization (see Wiki) */
		gen_range(userdata, (duk_codepoint_t) ranges[0], (duk_codepoint_t) ranges[1], 1);
		ranges += 2;
	}
}

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_lexer_parse_re_ranges(duk_lexer_ctx *lex_ctx, duk_re_range_callback gen_range, void *userdata) {
	duk_codepoint_t start = -1;
	duk_codepoint_t ch;
	duk_codepoint_t x;
	duk_bool_t dash = 0;

	DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("parsing regexp ranges"));

	for (;;) {
		x = DUK__L0();
		DUK__ADVANCECHARS(lex_ctx, 1);

		ch = -1;  /* not strictly necessary, but avoids "uninitialized variable" warnings */
		DUK_UNREF(ch);

		if (x < 0) {
			DUK_ERROR_SYNTAX(lex_ctx->thr, "eof in character class");
		} else if (x == ']') {
			DUK_ASSERT(!dash);  /* lookup should prevent this */
			if (start >= 0) {
				gen_range(userdata, start, start, 0);
			}
			break;
		} else if (x == '-') {
			if (start >= 0 && !dash && DUK__L0() != ']') {
				/* '-' as a range indicator */
				dash = 1;
				continue;
			} else {
				/* '-' verbatim */
				ch = x;
			}
		} else if (x == '\\') {
			/*
			 *  The escapes are same as outside a character class, except that \b has a
			 *  different meaning, and \B and backreferences are prohibited (see E5
			 *  Section 15.10.2.19).  However, it's difficult to share code because we
			 *  handle e.g. "\n" very differently: here we generate a single character
			 *  range for it.
			 */

			x = DUK__L0();
			DUK__ADVANCECHARS(lex_ctx, 1);

			if (x == 'b') {
				/* Note: '\b' in char class is different than outside (assertion),
				 * '\B' is not allowed and is caught by the duk_unicode_is_identifier_part()
				 * check below.
				 */
				ch = 0x0008;
			} else if (x == 'f') {
				ch = 0x000c;
			} else if (x == 'n') {
				ch = 0x000a;
			} else if (x == 't') {
				ch = 0x0009;
			} else if (x == 'r') {
				ch = 0x000d;
			} else if (x == 'v') {
				ch = 0x000b;
			} else if (x == 'c') {
				x = DUK__L0();
				DUK__ADVANCECHARS(lex_ctx, 1);
				if ((x >= 'a' && x <= 'z') ||
				    (x >= 'A' && x <= 'Z')) {
					ch = (x % 32);
				} else {
					DUK_ERROR_SYNTAX(lex_ctx->thr, "invalid regexp escape");
					return;  /* never reached, but avoids warnings of
					          * potentially unused variables.
					          */
				}
			} else if (x == 'x') {
				ch = duk__decode_hexesc_from_window(lex_ctx, 0);
				DUK__ADVANCECHARS(lex_ctx, 2);
			} else if (x == 'u') {
				ch = duk__decode_uniesc_from_window(lex_ctx, 0);
				DUK__ADVANCECHARS(lex_ctx, 4);
			} else if (x == 'd') {
				duk__emit_u16_direct_ranges(lex_ctx,
				                            gen_range,
				                            userdata,
				                            duk_unicode_re_ranges_digit,
				                            sizeof(duk_unicode_re_ranges_digit) / sizeof(duk_uint16_t));
				ch = -1;
			} else if (x == 'D') {
				duk__emit_u16_direct_ranges(lex_ctx,
				                            gen_range,
				                            userdata,
				                            duk_unicode_re_ranges_not_digit,
				                            sizeof(duk_unicode_re_ranges_not_digit) / sizeof(duk_uint16_t));
				ch = -1;
			} else if (x == 's') {
				duk__emit_u16_direct_ranges(lex_ctx,
				                            gen_range,
				                            userdata,
				                            duk_unicode_re_ranges_white,
				                            sizeof(duk_unicode_re_ranges_white) / sizeof(duk_uint16_t));
				ch = -1;
			} else if (x == 'S') {
				duk__emit_u16_direct_ranges(lex_ctx,
				                            gen_range,
				                            userdata,
				                            duk_unicode_re_ranges_not_white,
				                            sizeof(duk_unicode_re_ranges_not_white) / sizeof(duk_uint16_t));
				ch = -1;
			} else if (x == 'w') {
				duk__emit_u16_direct_ranges(lex_ctx,
				                            gen_range,
				                            userdata,
				                            duk_unicode_re_ranges_wordchar,
				                            sizeof(duk_unicode_re_ranges_wordchar) / sizeof(duk_uint16_t));
				ch = -1;
			} else if (x == 'W') {
				duk__emit_u16_direct_ranges(lex_ctx,
				                            gen_range,
				                            userdata,
				                            duk_unicode_re_ranges_not_wordchar,
				                            sizeof(duk_unicode_re_ranges_not_wordchar) / sizeof(duk_uint16_t));
				ch = -1;
			} else if (DUK__ISDIGIT(x)) {
				/* DecimalEscape, only \0 is allowed, no leading zeroes are allowed */
				if (x == '0' && !DUK__ISDIGIT(DUK__L0())) {
					ch = 0x0000;
				} else {
					DUK_ERROR_SYNTAX(lex_ctx->thr, "invalid regexp escape");
				}
			} else if (!duk_unicode_is_identifier_part(x)
#if defined(DUK_USE_NONSTD_REGEXP_DOLLAR_ESCAPE)
			           || x == '$'
#endif
			          ) {
				/* IdentityEscape */
				ch = x;
			} else {
				DUK_ERROR_SYNTAX(lex_ctx->thr, "invalid regexp escape");
			}
		} else {
			/* character represents itself */
			ch = x;
		}

		/* ch is a literal character here or -1 if parsed entity was
		 * an escape such as "\s".
		 */

		if (ch < 0) {
			/* multi-character sets not allowed as part of ranges, see
			 * E5 Section 15.10.2.15, abstract operation CharacterRange.
			 */
			if (start >= 0) {
				if (dash) {
					DUK_ERROR_SYNTAX(lex_ctx->thr, "invalid range");
				} else {
					gen_range(userdata, start, start, 0);
					start = -1;
					/* dash is already 0 */
				}
			}
		} else {
			if (start >= 0) {
				if (dash) {
					if (start > ch) {
						DUK_ERROR_SYNTAX(lex_ctx->thr, "invalid range");
					}
					gen_range(userdata, start, ch, 0);
					start = -1;
					dash = 0;
				} else {
					gen_range(userdata, start, start, 0);
					start = ch;
					/* dash is already 0 */
				}
			} else {
				start = ch;
			}
		}
	}

	return;
}

#endif  /* DUK_USE_REGEXP_SUPPORT */
/*
 *  Number-to-string and string-to-number conversions.
 *
 *  Slow path number-to-string and string-to-number conversion is based on
 *  a Dragon4 variant, with fast paths for small integers.  Big integer
 *  arithmetic is needed for guaranteeing that the conversion is correct
 *  and uses a minimum number of digits.  The big number arithmetic has a
 *  fixed maximum size and does not require dynamic allocations.
 *
 *  See: doc/number-conversion.rst.
 */

/* include removed: duk_internal.h */

#define DUK__IEEE_DOUBLE_EXP_BIAS  1023
#define DUK__IEEE_DOUBLE_EXP_MIN   (-1022)   /* biased exp == 0 -> denormal, exp -1022 */

#define DUK__DIGITCHAR(x)  duk_lc_digits[(x)]

/*
 *  Tables generated with src/gennumdigits.py.
 *
 *  duk__str2num_digits_for_radix indicates, for each radix, how many input
 *  digits should be considered significant for string-to-number conversion.
 *  The input is also padded to this many digits to give the Dragon4
 *  conversion enough (apparent) precision to work with.
 *
 *  duk__str2num_exp_limits indicates, for each radix, the radix-specific
 *  minimum/maximum exponent values (for a Dragon4 integer mantissa)
 *  below and above which the number is guaranteed to underflow to zero
 *  or overflow to Infinity.  This allows parsing to keep bigint values
 *  bounded.
 */

DUK_LOCAL const duk_uint8_t duk__str2num_digits_for_radix[] = {
	69, 44, 35, 30, 27, 25, 23, 22, 20, 20,    /* 2 to 11 */
	20, 19, 19, 18, 18, 17, 17, 17, 16, 16,    /* 12 to 21 */
	16, 16, 16, 15, 15, 15, 15, 15, 15, 14,    /* 22 to 31 */
	14, 14, 14, 14, 14                         /* 31 to 36 */
};

typedef struct {
	duk_int16_t upper;
	duk_int16_t lower;
} duk__exp_limits;

DUK_LOCAL const duk__exp_limits duk__str2num_exp_limits[] = {
	{ 957, -1147 }, { 605, -725 },  { 479, -575 },  { 414, -496 },
	{ 372, -446 },  { 342, -411 },  { 321, -384 },  { 304, -364 },
	{ 291, -346 },  { 279, -334 },  { 268, -323 },  { 260, -312 },
	{ 252, -304 },  { 247, -296 },  { 240, -289 },  { 236, -283 },
	{ 231, -278 },  { 227, -273 },  { 223, -267 },  { 220, -263 },
	{ 216, -260 },  { 213, -256 },  { 210, -253 },  { 208, -249 },
	{ 205, -246 },  { 203, -244 },  { 201, -241 },  { 198, -239 },
	{ 196, -237 },  { 195, -234 },  { 193, -232 },  { 191, -230 },
	{ 190, -228 },  { 188, -226 },  { 187, -225 },
};

/*
 *  Limited functionality bigint implementation.
 *
 *  Restricted to non-negative numbers with less than 32 * DUK__BI_MAX_PARTS bits,
 *  with the caller responsible for ensuring this is never exceeded.  No memory
 *  allocation (except stack) is needed for bigint computation.  Operations
 *  have been tailored for number conversion needs.
 *
 *  Argument order is "assignment order", i.e. target first, then arguments:
 *  x <- y * z  -->  duk__bi_mul(x, y, z);
 */

/* This upper value has been experimentally determined; debug build will check
 * bigint size with assertions.
 */
#define DUK__BI_MAX_PARTS  37  /* 37x32 = 1184 bits */

#ifdef DUK_USE_DDDPRINT
#define DUK__BI_PRINT(name,x)  duk__bi_print((name),(x))
#else
#define DUK__BI_PRINT(name,x)
#endif

/* Current size is about 152 bytes. */
typedef struct {
	duk_small_int_t n;
	duk_uint32_t v[DUK__BI_MAX_PARTS];  /* low to high */
} duk__bigint;

#ifdef DUK_USE_DDDPRINT
DUK_LOCAL void duk__bi_print(const char *name, duk__bigint *x) {
	/* Overestimate required size; debug code so not critical to be tight. */
	char buf[DUK__BI_MAX_PARTS * 9 + 64];
	char *p = buf;
	duk_small_int_t i;

	/* No NUL term checks in this debug code. */
	p += DUK_SPRINTF(p, "%p n=%ld", (void *) x, (long) x->n);
	if (x->n == 0) {
		p += DUK_SPRINTF(p, " 0");
	}
	for (i = x->n - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
		p += DUK_SPRINTF(p, " %08lx", (unsigned long) x->v[i]);
	}

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("%s: %s", (const char *) name, (const char *) buf));
}
#endif

#ifdef DUK_USE_ASSERTIONS
DUK_LOCAL duk_small_int_t duk__bi_is_valid(duk__bigint *x) {
	return (duk_small_int_t)
	       ( ((x->n >= 0) && (x->n <= DUK__BI_MAX_PARTS)) /* is valid size */ &&
	         ((x->n == 0) || (x->v[x->n - 1] != 0)) /* is normalized */ );
}
#endif

DUK_LOCAL void duk__bi_normalize(duk__bigint *x) {
	duk_small_int_t i;

	for (i = x->n - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
		if (x->v[i] != 0) {
			break;
		}
	}

	/* Note: if 'x' is zero, x->n becomes 0 here */
	x->n = i + 1;
	DUK_ASSERT(duk__bi_is_valid(x));
}

/* x <- y */
DUK_LOCAL void duk__bi_copy(duk__bigint *x, duk__bigint *y) {
	duk_small_int_t n;

	n = y->n;
	x->n = n;
	if (n == 0) {
		return;
	}
	DUK_MEMCPY((void *) x->v, (const void *) y->v, (size_t) (sizeof(duk_uint32_t) * n));
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__bi_set_small(duk__bigint *x, duk_uint32_t v) {
	if (v == 0U) {
		x->n = 0;
	} else {
		x->n = 1;
		x->v[0] = v;
	}
	DUK_ASSERT(duk__bi_is_valid(x));
}

/* Return value: <0  <=>  x < y
 *                0  <=>  x == y
 *               >0  <=>  x > y
 */
DUK_LOCAL int duk__bi_compare(duk__bigint *x, duk__bigint *y) {
	duk_small_int_t i, nx, ny;
	duk_uint32_t tx, ty;

	DUK_ASSERT(duk__bi_is_valid(x));
	DUK_ASSERT(duk__bi_is_valid(y));

	nx = x->n;
	ny = y->n;
	if (nx > ny) {
		goto ret_gt;
	}
	if (nx < ny) {
		goto ret_lt;
	}
	for (i = nx - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
		tx = x->v[i];
		ty = y->v[i];

		if (tx > ty) {
			goto ret_gt;
		}
		if (tx < ty) {
			goto ret_lt;
		}
	}

	return 0;

 ret_gt:
	return 1;

 ret_lt:
	return -1;
}

/* x <- y + z */
#ifdef DUK_USE_64BIT_OPS
DUK_LOCAL void duk__bi_add(duk__bigint *x, duk__bigint *y, duk__bigint *z) {
	duk_uint64_t tmp;
	duk_small_int_t i, ny, nz;

	DUK_ASSERT(duk__bi_is_valid(y));
	DUK_ASSERT(duk__bi_is_valid(z));

	if (z->n > y->n) {
		duk__bigint *t;
		t = y; y = z; z = t;
	}
	DUK_ASSERT(y->n >= z->n);

	ny = y->n; nz = z->n;
	tmp = 0U;
	for (i = 0; i < ny; i++) {
		DUK_ASSERT(i < DUK__BI_MAX_PARTS);
		tmp += y->v[i];
		if (i < nz) {
			tmp += z->v[i];
		}
		x->v[i] = (duk_uint32_t) (tmp & 0xffffffffUL);
		tmp = tmp >> 32;
	}
	if (tmp != 0U) {
		DUK_ASSERT(i < DUK__BI_MAX_PARTS);
		x->v[i++] = (duk_uint32_t) tmp;
	}
	x->n = i;
	DUK_ASSERT(x->n <= DUK__BI_MAX_PARTS);

	/* no need to normalize */
	DUK_ASSERT(duk__bi_is_valid(x));
}
#else  /* DUK_USE_64BIT_OPS */
DUK_LOCAL void duk__bi_add(duk__bigint *x, duk__bigint *y, duk__bigint *z) {
	duk_uint32_t carry, tmp1, tmp2;
	duk_small_int_t i, ny, nz;

	DUK_ASSERT(duk__bi_is_valid(y));
	DUK_ASSERT(duk__bi_is_valid(z));

	if (z->n > y->n) {
		duk__bigint *t;
		t = y; y = z; z = t;
	}
	DUK_ASSERT(y->n >= z->n);

	ny = y->n; nz = z->n;
	carry = 0U;
	for (i = 0; i < ny; i++) {
		/* Carry is detected based on wrapping which relies on exact 32-bit
		 * types.
		 */
		DUK_ASSERT(i < DUK__BI_MAX_PARTS);
		tmp1 = y->v[i];
		tmp2 = tmp1;
		if (i < nz) {
			tmp2 += z->v[i];
		}

		/* Careful with carry condition:
		 *  - If carry not added: 0x12345678 + 0 + 0xffffffff = 0x12345677 (< 0x12345678)
		 *  - If carry added:     0x12345678 + 1 + 0xffffffff = 0x12345678 (== 0x12345678)
		 */
		if (carry) {
			tmp2++;
			carry = (tmp2 <= tmp1 ? 1U : 0U);
		} else {
			carry = (tmp2 < tmp1 ? 1U : 0U);
		}

		x->v[i] = tmp2;
	}
	if (carry) {
		DUK_ASSERT(i < DUK__BI_MAX_PARTS);
		DUK_ASSERT(carry == 1U);
		x->v[i++] = carry;
	}
	x->n = i;
	DUK_ASSERT(x->n <= DUK__BI_MAX_PARTS);

	/* no need to normalize */
	DUK_ASSERT(duk__bi_is_valid(x));
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_64BIT_OPS */

/* x <- y + z */
DUK_LOCAL void duk__bi_add_small(duk__bigint *x, duk__bigint *y, duk_uint32_t z) {
	duk__bigint tmp;

	DUK_ASSERT(duk__bi_is_valid(y));

	/* XXX: this could be optimized; there is only one call site now though */
	duk__bi_set_small(&tmp, z);
	duk__bi_add(x, y, &tmp);

	DUK_ASSERT(duk__bi_is_valid(x));
}

#if 0  /* unused */
/* x <- x + y, use t as temp */
DUK_LOCAL void duk__bi_add_copy(duk__bigint *x, duk__bigint *y, duk__bigint *t) {
	duk__bi_add(t, x, y);
	duk__bi_copy(x, t);
}
#endif

/* x <- y - z, require x >= y => z >= 0, i.e. y >= z */
#ifdef DUK_USE_64BIT_OPS
DUK_LOCAL void duk__bi_sub(duk__bigint *x, duk__bigint *y, duk__bigint *z) {
	duk_small_int_t i, ny, nz;
	duk_uint32_t ty, tz;
	duk_int64_t tmp;

	DUK_ASSERT(duk__bi_is_valid(y));
	DUK_ASSERT(duk__bi_is_valid(z));
	DUK_ASSERT(duk__bi_compare(y, z) >= 0);
	DUK_ASSERT(y->n >= z->n);

	ny = y->n; nz = z->n;
	tmp = 0;
	for (i = 0; i < ny; i++) {
		ty = y->v[i];
		if (i < nz) {
			tz = z->v[i];
		} else {
			tz = 0;
		}
		tmp = (duk_int64_t) ty - (duk_int64_t) tz + tmp;
		x->v[i] = (duk_uint32_t) (tmp & 0xffffffffUL);
		tmp = tmp >> 32;  /* 0 or -1 */
	}
	DUK_ASSERT(tmp == 0);

	x->n = i;
	duk__bi_normalize(x);  /* need to normalize, may even cancel to 0 */
	DUK_ASSERT(duk__bi_is_valid(x));
}
#else
DUK_LOCAL void duk__bi_sub(duk__bigint *x, duk__bigint *y, duk__bigint *z) {
	duk_small_int_t i, ny, nz;
	duk_uint32_t tmp1, tmp2, borrow;

	DUK_ASSERT(duk__bi_is_valid(y));
	DUK_ASSERT(duk__bi_is_valid(z));
	DUK_ASSERT(duk__bi_compare(y, z) >= 0);
	DUK_ASSERT(y->n >= z->n);

	ny = y->n; nz = z->n;
	borrow = 0U;
	for (i = 0; i < ny; i++) {
		/* Borrow is detected based on wrapping which relies on exact 32-bit
		 * types.
		 */
		tmp1 = y->v[i];
		tmp2 = tmp1;
		if (i < nz) {
			tmp2 -= z->v[i];
		}

		/* Careful with borrow condition:
		 *  - If borrow not subtracted: 0x12345678 - 0 - 0xffffffff = 0x12345679 (> 0x12345678)
		 *  - If borrow subtracted:     0x12345678 - 1 - 0xffffffff = 0x12345678 (== 0x12345678)
		 */
		if (borrow) {
			tmp2--;
			borrow = (tmp2 >= tmp1 ? 1U : 0U);
		} else {
			borrow = (tmp2 > tmp1 ? 1U : 0U);
		}

		x->v[i] = tmp2;
	}
	DUK_ASSERT(borrow == 0U);

	x->n = i;
	duk__bi_normalize(x);  /* need to normalize, may even cancel to 0 */
	DUK_ASSERT(duk__bi_is_valid(x));
}
#endif

#if 0  /* unused */
/* x <- y - z */
DUK_LOCAL void duk__bi_sub_small(duk__bigint *x, duk__bigint *y, duk_uint32_t z) {
	duk__bigint tmp;

	DUK_ASSERT(duk__bi_is_valid(y));

	/* XXX: this could be optimized */
	duk__bi_set_small(&tmp, z);
	duk__bi_sub(x, y, &tmp);

	DUK_ASSERT(duk__bi_is_valid(x));
}
#endif

/* x <- x - y, use t as temp */
DUK_LOCAL void duk__bi_sub_copy(duk__bigint *x, duk__bigint *y, duk__bigint *t) {
	duk__bi_sub(t, x, y);
	duk__bi_copy(x, t);
}

/* x <- y * z */
DUK_LOCAL void duk__bi_mul(duk__bigint *x, duk__bigint *y, duk__bigint *z) {
	duk_small_int_t i, j, nx, nz;

	DUK_ASSERT(duk__bi_is_valid(y));
	DUK_ASSERT(duk__bi_is_valid(z));

	nx = y->n + z->n;  /* max possible */
	DUK_ASSERT(nx <= DUK__BI_MAX_PARTS);

	if (nx == 0) {
		/* Both inputs are zero; cases where only one is zero can go
		 * through main algorithm.
		 */
		x->n = 0;
		return;
	}

	DUK_MEMZERO((void *) x->v, (size_t) (sizeof(duk_uint32_t) * nx));
	x->n = nx;

	nz = z->n;
	for (i = 0; i < y->n; i++) {
#ifdef DUK_USE_64BIT_OPS
		duk_uint64_t tmp = 0U;
		for (j = 0; j < nz; j++) {
			tmp += (duk_uint64_t) y->v[i] * (duk_uint64_t) z->v[j] + x->v[i+j];
			x->v[i+j] = (duk_uint32_t) (tmp & 0xffffffffUL);
			tmp = tmp >> 32;
		}
		if (tmp > 0) {
			DUK_ASSERT(i + j < nx);
			DUK_ASSERT(i + j < DUK__BI_MAX_PARTS);
			DUK_ASSERT(x->v[i+j] == 0U);
			x->v[i+j] = (duk_uint32_t) tmp;
		}
#else
		/*
		 *  Multiply + add + carry for 32-bit components using only 16x16->32
		 *  multiplies and carry detection based on unsigned overflow.
		 *
		 *    1st mult, 32-bit: (A*2^16 + B)
		 *    2nd mult, 32-bit: (C*2^16 + D)
		 *    3rd add, 32-bit: E
		 *    4th add, 32-bit: F
		 *
		 *      (AC*2^16 + B) * (C*2^16 + D) + E + F
		 *    = AC*2^32 + AD*2^16 + BC*2^16 + BD + E + F
		 *    = AC*2^32 + (AD + BC)*2^16 + (BD + E + F)
		 *    = AC*2^32 + AD*2^16 + BC*2^16 + (BD + E + F)
		 */
		duk_uint32_t a, b, c, d, e, f;
		duk_uint32_t r, s, t;

		a = y->v[i]; b = a & 0xffffUL; a = a >> 16;

		f = 0;
		for (j = 0; j < nz; j++) {
			c = z->v[j]; d = c & 0xffffUL; c = c >> 16;
			e = x->v[i+j];

			/* build result as: (r << 32) + s: start with (BD + E + F) */
			r = 0;
			s = b * d;

			/* add E */
			t = s + e;
			if (t < s) { r++; }  /* carry */
			s = t;

			/* add F */
			t = s + f;
			if (t < s) { r++; }  /* carry */
			s = t;

			/* add BC*2^16 */
			t = b * c;
			r += (t >> 16);
			t = s + ((t & 0xffffUL) << 16);
			if (t < s) { r++; }  /* carry */
			s = t;

			/* add AD*2^16 */
			t = a * d;
			r += (t >> 16);
			t = s + ((t & 0xffffUL) << 16);
			if (t < s) { r++; }  /* carry */
			s = t;

			/* add AC*2^32 */
			t = a * c;
			r += t;

			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("ab=%08lx cd=%08lx ef=%08lx -> rs=%08lx %08lx",
			                     (unsigned long) y->v[i], (unsigned long) z->v[j],
			                     (unsigned long) x->v[i+j], (unsigned long) r,
			                     (unsigned long) s));

			x->v[i+j] = s;
			f = r;
		}
		if (f > 0U) {
			DUK_ASSERT(i + j < nx);
			DUK_ASSERT(i + j < DUK__BI_MAX_PARTS);
			DUK_ASSERT(x->v[i+j] == 0U);
			x->v[i+j] = (duk_uint32_t) f;
		}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_64BIT_OPS */
	}

	duk__bi_normalize(x);
	DUK_ASSERT(duk__bi_is_valid(x));
}

/* x <- y * z */
DUK_LOCAL void duk__bi_mul_small(duk__bigint *x, duk__bigint *y, duk_uint32_t z) {
	duk__bigint tmp;

	DUK_ASSERT(duk__bi_is_valid(y));

	/* XXX: this could be optimized */
	duk__bi_set_small(&tmp, z);
	duk__bi_mul(x, y, &tmp);

	DUK_ASSERT(duk__bi_is_valid(x));
}

/* x <- x * y, use t as temp */
DUK_LOCAL void duk__bi_mul_copy(duk__bigint *x, duk__bigint *y, duk__bigint *t) {
	duk__bi_mul(t, x, y);
	duk__bi_copy(x, t);
}

/* x <- x * y, use t as temp */
DUK_LOCAL void duk__bi_mul_small_copy(duk__bigint *x, duk_uint32_t y, duk__bigint *t) {
	duk__bi_mul_small(t, x, y);
	duk__bi_copy(x, t);
}

DUK_LOCAL int duk__bi_is_even(duk__bigint *x) {
	DUK_ASSERT(duk__bi_is_valid(x));
	return (x->n == 0) || ((x->v[0] & 0x01) == 0);
}

DUK_LOCAL int duk__bi_is_zero(duk__bigint *x) {
	DUK_ASSERT(duk__bi_is_valid(x));
	return (x->n == 0);  /* this is the case for normalized numbers */
}

/* Bigint is 2^52.  Used to detect normalized IEEE double mantissa values
 * which are at the lowest edge (next floating point value downwards has
 * a different exponent).  The lowest mantissa has the form:
 *
 *     1000........000    (52 zeroes; only "hidden bit" is set)
 */
DUK_LOCAL duk_small_int_t duk__bi_is_2to52(duk__bigint *x) {
	DUK_ASSERT(duk__bi_is_valid(x));
	return (duk_small_int_t)
	        (x->n == 2) && (x->v[0] == 0U) && (x->v[1] == (1U << (52-32)));
}

/* x <- (1<<y) */
DUK_LOCAL void duk__bi_twoexp(duk__bigint *x, duk_small_int_t y) {
	duk_small_int_t n, r;

	n = (y / 32) + 1;
	DUK_ASSERT(n > 0);
	r = y % 32;
	DUK_MEMZERO((void *) x->v, sizeof(duk_uint32_t) * n);
	x->n = n;
	x->v[n - 1] = (((duk_uint32_t) 1) << r);
}

/* x <- b^y; use t1 and t2 as temps */
DUK_LOCAL void duk__bi_exp_small(duk__bigint *x, duk_small_int_t b, duk_small_int_t y, duk__bigint *t1, duk__bigint *t2) {
	/* Fast path the binary case */

	DUK_ASSERT(x != t1 && x != t2 && t1 != t2);  /* distinct bignums, easy mistake to make */
	DUK_ASSERT(b >= 0);
	DUK_ASSERT(y >= 0);

	if (b == 2) {
		duk__bi_twoexp(x, y);
		return;
	}

	/* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponentiation_by_squaring */

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("exp_small: b=%ld, y=%ld", (long) b, (long) y));

	duk__bi_set_small(x, 1);
	duk__bi_set_small(t1, b);
	for (;;) {
		/* Loop structure ensures that we don't compute t1^2 unnecessarily
		 * on the final round, as that might create a bignum exceeding the
		 * current DUK__BI_MAX_PARTS limit.
		 */
		if (y & 0x01) {
			duk__bi_mul_copy(x, t1, t2);
		}
		y = y >> 1;
		if (y == 0) {
			break;
		}
		duk__bi_mul_copy(t1, t1, t2);
	}

	DUK__BI_PRINT("exp_small result", x);
}

/*
 *  A Dragon4 number-to-string variant, based on:
 *
 *    Guy L. Steele Jr., Jon L. White: "How to Print Floating-Point Numbers
 *    Accurately"
 *
 *    Robert G. Burger, R. Kent Dybvig: "Printing Floating-Point Numbers
 *    Quickly and Accurately"
 *
 *  The current algorithm is based on Figure 1 of the Burger-Dybvig paper,
 *  i.e. the base implementation without logarithm estimation speedups
 *  (these would increase code footprint considerably).  Fixed-format output
 *  does not follow the suggestions in the paper; instead, we generate an
 *  extra digit and round-with-carry.
 *
 *  The same algorithm is used for number parsing (with b=10 and B=2)
 *  by generating one extra digit and doing rounding manually.
 *
 *  See doc/number-conversion.rst for limitations.
 */

/* Maximum number of digits generated. */
#define DUK__MAX_OUTPUT_DIGITS          1040  /* (Number.MAX_VALUE).toString(2).length == 1024, + spare */

/* Maximum number of characters in formatted value. */
#define DUK__MAX_FORMATTED_LENGTH       1040  /* (-Number.MAX_VALUE).toString(2).length == 1025, + spare */

/* Number and (minimum) size of bigints in the nc_ctx structure. */
#define DUK__NUMCONV_CTX_NUM_BIGINTS    7
#define DUK__NUMCONV_CTX_BIGINTS_SIZE   (sizeof(duk__bigint) * DUK__NUMCONV_CTX_NUM_BIGINTS)

typedef struct {
	/* Currently about 7*152 = 1064 bytes.  The space for these
	 * duk__bigints is used also as a temporary buffer for generating
	 * the final string.  This is a bit awkard; a union would be
	 * more correct.
	 */
	duk__bigint f, r, s, mp, mm, t1, t2;

	duk_small_int_t is_s2n;        /* if 1, doing a string-to-number; else doing a number-to-string */
	duk_small_int_t is_fixed;      /* if 1, doing a fixed format output (not free format) */
	duk_small_int_t req_digits;    /* requested number of output digits; 0 = free-format */
	duk_small_int_t abs_pos;       /* digit position is absolute, not relative */
	duk_small_int_t e;             /* exponent for 'f' */
	duk_small_int_t b;             /* input radix */
	duk_small_int_t B;             /* output radix */
	duk_small_int_t k;             /* see algorithm */
	duk_small_int_t low_ok;        /* see algorithm */
	duk_small_int_t high_ok;       /* see algorithm */
	duk_small_int_t unequal_gaps;  /* m+ != m- (very rarely) */

	/* Buffer used for generated digits, values are in the range [0,B-1]. */
	duk_uint8_t digits[DUK__MAX_OUTPUT_DIGITS];
	duk_small_int_t count;  /* digit count */
} duk__numconv_stringify_ctx;

/* Note: computes with 'idx' in assertions, so caller beware.
 * 'idx' is preincremented, i.e. '1' on first call, because it
 * is more convenient for the caller.
 */
#define DUK__DRAGON4_OUTPUT_PREINC(nc_ctx,preinc_idx,x)  do { \
		DUK_ASSERT((preinc_idx) - 1 >= 0); \
		DUK_ASSERT((preinc_idx) - 1 < DUK__MAX_OUTPUT_DIGITS); \
		((nc_ctx)->digits[(preinc_idx) - 1]) = (duk_uint8_t) (x); \
	} while (0)

DUK_LOCAL duk_size_t duk__dragon4_format_uint32(duk_uint8_t *buf, duk_uint32_t x, duk_small_int_t radix) {
	duk_uint8_t *p;
	duk_size_t len;
	duk_small_int_t dig;
	duk_small_int_t t;

	DUK_ASSERT(radix >= 2 && radix <= 36);

	/* A 32-bit unsigned integer formats to at most 32 digits (the
	 * worst case happens with radix == 2).  Output the digits backwards,
	 * and use a memmove() to get them in the right place.
	 */

	p = buf + 32;
	for (;;) {
		t = x / radix;
		dig = x - t * radix;
		x = t;

		DUK_ASSERT(dig >= 0 && dig < 36);
		*(--p) = DUK__DIGITCHAR(dig);

		if (x == 0) {
			break;
		}
	}
	len = (duk_size_t) ((buf + 32) - p);

	DUK_MEMMOVE((void *) buf, (const void *) p, (size_t) len);

	return len;
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__dragon4_prepare(duk__numconv_stringify_ctx *nc_ctx) {
	duk_small_int_t lowest_mantissa;

#if 1
	/* Assume IEEE round-to-even, so that shorter encoding can be used
	 * when round-to-even would produce correct result.  By removing
	 * this check (and having low_ok == high_ok == 0) the results would
	 * still be accurate but in some cases longer than necessary.
	 */
	if (duk__bi_is_even(&nc_ctx->f)) {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("f is even"));
		nc_ctx->low_ok = 1;
		nc_ctx->high_ok = 1;
	} else {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("f is odd"));
		nc_ctx->low_ok = 0;
		nc_ctx->high_ok = 0;
	}
#else
	/* Note: not honoring round-to-even should work but now generates incorrect
	 * results.  For instance, 1e23 serializes to "a000...", i.e. the first digit
	 * equals the radix (10).  Scaling stops one step too early in this case.
	 * Don't know why this is the case, but since this code path is unused, it
	 * doesn't matter.
	 */
	nc_ctx->low_ok = 0;
	nc_ctx->high_ok = 0;
#endif

	/* For string-to-number, pretend we never have the lowest mantissa as there
	 * is no natural "precision" for inputs.  Having lowest_mantissa == 0, we'll
	 * fall into the base cases for both e >= 0 and e < 0.
	 */
	if (nc_ctx->is_s2n) {
		lowest_mantissa = 0;
	} else {
		lowest_mantissa = duk__bi_is_2to52(&nc_ctx->f);
	}

	nc_ctx->unequal_gaps = 0;
	if (nc_ctx->e >= 0) {
		/* exponent non-negative (and thus not minimum exponent) */

		if (lowest_mantissa) {
			/* (>= e 0) AND (= f (expt b (- p 1)))
			 *
			 * be <- (expt b e) == b^e
			 * be1 <- (* be b) == (expt b (+ e 1)) == b^(e+1)
			 * r <- (* f be1 2) == 2 * f * b^(e+1)    [if b==2 -> f * b^(e+2)]
			 * s <- (* b 2)                           [if b==2 -> 4]
			 * m+ <- be1 == b^(e+1)
			 * m- <- be == b^e
			 * k <- 0
			 * B <- B
			 * low_ok <- round
			 * high_ok <- round
			 */

			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("non-negative exponent (not smallest exponent); "
			                     "lowest mantissa value for this exponent -> "
			                     "unequal gaps"));

			duk__bi_exp_small(&nc_ctx->mm, nc_ctx->b, nc_ctx->e, &nc_ctx->t1, &nc_ctx->t2);  /* mm <- b^e */
			duk__bi_mul_small(&nc_ctx->mp, &nc_ctx->mm, nc_ctx->b);  /* mp <- b^(e+1) */
			duk__bi_mul_small(&nc_ctx->t1, &nc_ctx->f, 2);
			duk__bi_mul(&nc_ctx->r, &nc_ctx->t1, &nc_ctx->mp);       /* r <- (2 * f) * b^(e+1) */
			duk__bi_set_small(&nc_ctx->s, nc_ctx->b * 2);            /* s <- 2 * b */
			nc_ctx->unequal_gaps = 1;
		} else {
			/* (>= e 0) AND (not (= f (expt b (- p 1))))
			 *
			 * be <- (expt b e) == b^e
			 * r <- (* f be 2) == 2 * f * b^e    [if b==2 -> f * b^(e+1)]
			 * s <- 2
			 * m+ <- be == b^e
			 * m- <- be == b^e
			 * k <- 0
			 * B <- B
			 * low_ok <- round
			 * high_ok <- round
			 */

			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("non-negative exponent (not smallest exponent); "
			                     "not lowest mantissa for this exponent -> "
			                     "equal gaps"));

			duk__bi_exp_small(&nc_ctx->mm, nc_ctx->b, nc_ctx->e, &nc_ctx->t1, &nc_ctx->t2);  /* mm <- b^e */
			duk__bi_copy(&nc_ctx->mp, &nc_ctx->mm);                /* mp <- b^e */
			duk__bi_mul_small(&nc_ctx->t1, &nc_ctx->f, 2);
			duk__bi_mul(&nc_ctx->r, &nc_ctx->t1, &nc_ctx->mp);     /* r <- (2 * f) * b^e */
			duk__bi_set_small(&nc_ctx->s, 2);                      /* s <- 2 */
		}
	} else {
		/* When doing string-to-number, lowest_mantissa is always 0 so
		 * the exponent check, while incorrect, won't matter.
		 */
		if (nc_ctx->e > DUK__IEEE_DOUBLE_EXP_MIN /*not minimum exponent*/ &&
		    lowest_mantissa /* lowest mantissa for this exponent*/) {
			/* r <- (* f b 2)                                [if b==2 -> (* f 4)]
			 * s <- (* (expt b (- 1 e)) 2) == b^(1-e) * 2    [if b==2 -> b^(2-e)]
			 * m+ <- b == 2
			 * m- <- 1
			 * k <- 0
			 * B <- B
			 * low_ok <- round
			 * high_ok <- round
			 */

			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("negative exponent; not minimum exponent and "
			                     "lowest mantissa for this exponent -> "
			                     "unequal gaps"));

			duk__bi_mul_small(&nc_ctx->r, &nc_ctx->f, nc_ctx->b * 2);  /* r <- (2 * b) * f */
			duk__bi_exp_small(&nc_ctx->t1, nc_ctx->b, 1 - nc_ctx->e, &nc_ctx->s, &nc_ctx->t2);  /* NB: use 's' as temp on purpose */
			duk__bi_mul_small(&nc_ctx->s, &nc_ctx->t1, 2);             /* s <- b^(1-e) * 2 */
			duk__bi_set_small(&nc_ctx->mp, 2);
			duk__bi_set_small(&nc_ctx->mm, 1);
			nc_ctx->unequal_gaps = 1;
		} else {
			/* r <- (* f 2)
			 * s <- (* (expt b (- e)) 2) == b^(-e) * 2    [if b==2 -> b^(1-e)]
			 * m+ <- 1
			 * m- <- 1
			 * k <- 0
			 * B <- B
			 * low_ok <- round
			 * high_ok <- round
			 */

			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("negative exponent; minimum exponent or not "
			                     "lowest mantissa for this exponent -> "
			                     "equal gaps"));

			duk__bi_mul_small(&nc_ctx->r, &nc_ctx->f, 2);            /* r <- 2 * f */
			duk__bi_exp_small(&nc_ctx->t1, nc_ctx->b, -nc_ctx->e, &nc_ctx->s, &nc_ctx->t2);  /* NB: use 's' as temp on purpose */
			duk__bi_mul_small(&nc_ctx->s, &nc_ctx->t1, 2);           /* s <- b^(-e) * 2 */
			duk__bi_set_small(&nc_ctx->mp, 1);
			duk__bi_set_small(&nc_ctx->mm, 1);
		}
	}
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__dragon4_scale(duk__numconv_stringify_ctx *nc_ctx) {
	duk_small_int_t k = 0;

	/* This is essentially the 'scale' algorithm, with recursion removed.
	 * Note that 'k' is either correct immediately, or will move in one
	 * direction in the loop.  There's no need to do the low/high checks
	 * on every round (like the Scheme algorithm does).
	 *
	 * The scheme algorithm finds 'k' and updates 's' simultaneously,
	 * while the logical algorithm finds 'k' with 's' having its initial
	 * value, after which 's' is updated separately (see the Burger-Dybvig
	 * paper, Section 3.1, steps 2 and 3).
	 *
	 * The case where m+ == m- (almost always) is optimized for, because
	 * it reduces the bigint operations considerably and almost always
	 * applies.  The scale loop only needs to work with m+, so this works.
	 */

	/* XXX: this algorithm could be optimized quite a lot by using e.g.
	 * a logarithm based estimator for 'k' and performing B^n multiplication
	 * using a lookup table or using some bit-representation based exp
	 * algorithm.  Currently we just loop, with significant performance
	 * impact for very large and very small numbers.
	 */

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("scale: B=%ld, low_ok=%ld, high_ok=%ld",
	                     (long) nc_ctx->B, (long) nc_ctx->low_ok, (long) nc_ctx->high_ok));
	DUK__BI_PRINT("r(init)", &nc_ctx->r);
	DUK__BI_PRINT("s(init)", &nc_ctx->s);
	DUK__BI_PRINT("mp(init)", &nc_ctx->mp);
	DUK__BI_PRINT("mm(init)", &nc_ctx->mm);

	for (;;) {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("scale loop (inc k), k=%ld", (long) k));
		DUK__BI_PRINT("r", &nc_ctx->r);
		DUK__BI_PRINT("s", &nc_ctx->s);
		DUK__BI_PRINT("m+", &nc_ctx->mp);
		DUK__BI_PRINT("m-", &nc_ctx->mm);

		duk__bi_add(&nc_ctx->t1, &nc_ctx->r, &nc_ctx->mp);  /* t1 = (+ r m+) */
		if (duk__bi_compare(&nc_ctx->t1, &nc_ctx->s) >= (nc_ctx->high_ok ? 0 : 1)) {
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("k is too low"));
			/* r <- r
			 * s <- (* s B)
			 * m+ <- m+
			 * m- <- m-
			 * k <- (+ k 1)
			 */

			duk__bi_mul_small_copy(&nc_ctx->s, nc_ctx->B, &nc_ctx->t1);
			k++;
		} else {
			break;
		}
	}

	/* k > 0 -> k was too low, and cannot be too high */
	if (k > 0) {
		goto skip_dec_k;
	}

	for (;;) {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("scale loop (dec k), k=%ld", (long) k));
		DUK__BI_PRINT("r", &nc_ctx->r);
		DUK__BI_PRINT("s", &nc_ctx->s);
		DUK__BI_PRINT("m+", &nc_ctx->mp);
		DUK__BI_PRINT("m-", &nc_ctx->mm);

		duk__bi_add(&nc_ctx->t1, &nc_ctx->r, &nc_ctx->mp);  /* t1 = (+ r m+) */
		duk__bi_mul_small(&nc_ctx->t2, &nc_ctx->t1, nc_ctx->B);   /* t2 = (* (+ r m+) B) */
		if (duk__bi_compare(&nc_ctx->t2, &nc_ctx->s) <= (nc_ctx->high_ok ? -1 : 0)) {
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("k is too high"));
			/* r <- (* r B)
			 * s <- s
			 * m+ <- (* m+ B)
			 * m- <- (* m- B)
			 * k <- (- k 1)
			 */
			duk__bi_mul_small_copy(&nc_ctx->r, nc_ctx->B, &nc_ctx->t1);
			duk__bi_mul_small_copy(&nc_ctx->mp, nc_ctx->B, &nc_ctx->t1);
			if (nc_ctx->unequal_gaps) {
				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("m+ != m- -> need to update m- too"));
				duk__bi_mul_small_copy(&nc_ctx->mm, nc_ctx->B, &nc_ctx->t1);
			}
			k--;
		} else {
			break;
		}
	}

 skip_dec_k:

	if (!nc_ctx->unequal_gaps) {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("equal gaps, copy m- from m+"));
		duk__bi_copy(&nc_ctx->mm, &nc_ctx->mp);  /* mm <- mp */
	}
	nc_ctx->k = k;

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("final k: %ld", (long) k));
	DUK__BI_PRINT("r(final)", &nc_ctx->r);
	DUK__BI_PRINT("s(final)", &nc_ctx->s);
	DUK__BI_PRINT("mp(final)", &nc_ctx->mp);
	DUK__BI_PRINT("mm(final)", &nc_ctx->mm);
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__dragon4_generate(duk__numconv_stringify_ctx *nc_ctx) {
	duk_small_int_t tc1, tc2;    /* terminating conditions */
	duk_small_int_t d;           /* current digit */
	duk_small_int_t count = 0;   /* digit count */

	/*
	 *  Digit generation loop.
	 *
	 *  Different termination conditions:
	 *
	 *    1. Free format output.  Terminate when shortest accurate
	 *       representation found.
	 *
	 *    2. Fixed format output, with specific number of digits.
	 *       Ignore termination conditions, terminate when digits
	 *       generated.  Caller requests an extra digit and rounds.
	 *
	 *    3. Fixed format output, with a specific absolute cut-off
	 *       position (e.g. 10 digits after decimal point).  Note
	 *       that we always generate at least one digit, even if
	 *       the digit is below the cut-off point already.
	 */

	for (;;) {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("generate loop, count=%ld, k=%ld, B=%ld, low_ok=%ld, high_ok=%ld",
		                     (long) count, (long) nc_ctx->k, (long) nc_ctx->B,
		                     (long) nc_ctx->low_ok, (long) nc_ctx->high_ok));
		DUK__BI_PRINT("r", &nc_ctx->r);
		DUK__BI_PRINT("s", &nc_ctx->s);
		DUK__BI_PRINT("m+", &nc_ctx->mp);
		DUK__BI_PRINT("m-", &nc_ctx->mm);

		/* (quotient-remainder (* r B) s) using a dummy subtraction loop */
		duk__bi_mul_small(&nc_ctx->t1, &nc_ctx->r, nc_ctx->B);       /* t1 <- (* r B) */
		d = 0;
		for (;;) {
			if (duk__bi_compare(&nc_ctx->t1, &nc_ctx->s) < 0) {
				break;
			}
			duk__bi_sub_copy(&nc_ctx->t1, &nc_ctx->s, &nc_ctx->t2);  /* t1 <- t1 - s */
			d++;
		}
		duk__bi_copy(&nc_ctx->r, &nc_ctx->t1);  /* r <- (remainder (* r B) s) */
		                                        /* d <- (quotient (* r B) s)   (in range 0...B-1) */
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("-> d(quot)=%ld", (long) d));
		DUK__BI_PRINT("r(rem)", &nc_ctx->r);

		duk__bi_mul_small_copy(&nc_ctx->mp, nc_ctx->B, &nc_ctx->t2); /* m+ <- (* m+ B) */
		duk__bi_mul_small_copy(&nc_ctx->mm, nc_ctx->B, &nc_ctx->t2); /* m- <- (* m- B) */
		DUK__BI_PRINT("mp(upd)", &nc_ctx->mp);
		DUK__BI_PRINT("mm(upd)", &nc_ctx->mm);

		/* Terminating conditions.  For fixed width output, we just ignore the
		 * terminating conditions (and pretend that tc1 == tc2 == false).  The
		 * the current shortcut for fixed-format output is to generate a few
		 * extra digits and use rounding (with carry) to finish the output.
		 */

		if (nc_ctx->is_fixed == 0) {
			/* free-form */
			tc1 = (duk__bi_compare(&nc_ctx->r, &nc_ctx->mm) <= (nc_ctx->low_ok ? 0 : -1));

			duk__bi_add(&nc_ctx->t1, &nc_ctx->r, &nc_ctx->mp);  /* t1 <- (+ r m+) */
			tc2 = (duk__bi_compare(&nc_ctx->t1, &nc_ctx->s) >= (nc_ctx->high_ok ? 0 : 1));

			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("tc1=%ld, tc2=%ld", (long) tc1, (long) tc2));
		} else {
			/* fixed-format */
			tc1 = 0;
			tc2 = 0;
		}

		/* Count is incremented before DUK__DRAGON4_OUTPUT_PREINC() call
		 * on purpose, which is taken into account by the macro.
		 */
		count++;

		if (tc1) {
			if (tc2) {
				/* tc1 = true, tc2 = true */
				duk__bi_mul_small(&nc_ctx->t1, &nc_ctx->r, 2);
				if (duk__bi_compare(&nc_ctx->t1, &nc_ctx->s) < 0) {  /* (< (* r 2) s) */
					DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("tc1=true, tc2=true, 2r > s: output d --> %ld (k=%ld)",
					                     (long) d, (long) nc_ctx->k));
					DUK__DRAGON4_OUTPUT_PREINC(nc_ctx, count, d);
				} else {
					DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("tc1=true, tc2=true, 2r <= s: output d+1 --> %ld (k=%ld)",
					                     (long) (d + 1), (long) nc_ctx->k));
					DUK__DRAGON4_OUTPUT_PREINC(nc_ctx, count, d + 1);
				}
				break;
			} else {
				/* tc1 = true, tc2 = false */
				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("tc1=true, tc2=false: output d --> %ld (k=%ld)",
				                     (long) d, (long) nc_ctx->k));
				DUK__DRAGON4_OUTPUT_PREINC(nc_ctx, count, d);
				break;
			}
		} else {
			if (tc2) {
				/* tc1 = false, tc2 = true */
				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("tc1=false, tc2=true: output d+1 --> %ld (k=%ld)",
				                     (long) (d + 1), (long) nc_ctx->k));
				DUK__DRAGON4_OUTPUT_PREINC(nc_ctx, count, d + 1);
				break;
			} else {
				/* tc1 = false, tc2 = false */
				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("tc1=false, tc2=false: output d --> %ld (k=%ld)",
				                     (long) d, (long) nc_ctx->k));
				DUK__DRAGON4_OUTPUT_PREINC(nc_ctx, count, d);

				/* r <- r    (updated above: r <- (remainder (* r B) s)
				 * s <- s
				 * m+ <- m+  (updated above: m+ <- (* m+ B)
				 * m- <- m-  (updated above: m- <- (* m- B)
				 * B, low_ok, high_ok are fixed
				 */

				/* fall through and continue for-loop */
			}
		}

		/* fixed-format termination conditions */
		if (nc_ctx->is_fixed) {
			if (nc_ctx->abs_pos) {
				int pos = nc_ctx->k - count + 1;  /* count is already incremented, take into account */
				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("fixed format, absolute: abs pos=%ld, k=%ld, count=%ld, req=%ld",
				                     (long) pos, (long) nc_ctx->k, (long) count, (long) nc_ctx->req_digits));
				if (pos <= nc_ctx->req_digits) {
					DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("digit position reached req_digits, end generate loop"));
					break;
				}
			} else {
				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("fixed format, relative: k=%ld, count=%ld, req=%ld",
				                     (long) nc_ctx->k, (long) count, (long) nc_ctx->req_digits));
				if (count >= nc_ctx->req_digits) {
					DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("digit count reached req_digits, end generate loop"));
					break;
				}
			}
		}
	}  /* for */

	nc_ctx->count = count;

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("generate finished"));

#ifdef DUK_USE_DDDPRINT
	{
		duk_uint8_t buf[2048];
		duk_small_int_t i, t;
		DUK_MEMZERO(buf, sizeof(buf));
		for (i = 0; i < nc_ctx->count; i++) {
			t = nc_ctx->digits[i];
			if (t < 0 || t > 36) {
				buf[i] = (duk_uint8_t) '?';
			} else {
				buf[i] = (duk_uint8_t) DUK__DIGITCHAR(t);
			}
		}
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("-> generated digits; k=%ld, digits='%s'",
		                     (long) nc_ctx->k, (const char *) buf));
	}
#endif
}

/* Round up digits to a given position.  If position is out-of-bounds,
 * does nothing.  If carry propagates over the first digit, a '1' is
 * prepended to digits and 'k' will be updated.  Return value indicates
 * whether carry propagated over the first digit.
 *
 * Note that nc_ctx->count is NOT updated based on the rounding position
 * (it is updated only if carry overflows over the first digit and an
 * extra digit is prepended).
 */
DUK_LOCAL duk_small_int_t duk__dragon4_fixed_format_round(duk__numconv_stringify_ctx *nc_ctx, duk_small_int_t round_idx) {
	duk_small_int_t t;
	duk_uint8_t *p;
	duk_uint8_t roundup_limit;
	duk_small_int_t ret = 0;

	/*
	 *  round_idx points to the digit which is considered for rounding; the
	 *  digit to its left is the final digit of the rounded value.  If round_idx
	 *  is zero, rounding will be performed; the result will either be an empty
	 *  rounded value or if carry happens a '1' digit is generated.
	 */

	if (round_idx >= nc_ctx->count) {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("round_idx out of bounds (%ld >= %ld (count)) -> no rounding",
		                     (long) round_idx, (long) nc_ctx->count));
		return 0;
	} else if (round_idx < 0) {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("round_idx out of bounds (%ld < 0) -> no rounding",
		                     (long) round_idx));
		return 0;
	}

	/*
	 *  Round-up limit.
	 *
	 *  For even values, divides evenly, e.g. 10 -> roundup_limit=5.
	 *
	 *  For odd values, rounds up, e.g. 3 -> roundup_limit=2.
	 *  If radix is 3, 0/3 -> down, 1/3 -> down, 2/3 -> up.
	 */
	roundup_limit = (duk_uint8_t) ((nc_ctx->B + 1) / 2);

	p = &nc_ctx->digits[round_idx];
	if (*p >= roundup_limit) {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("fixed-format rounding carry required"));
		/* carry */
		for (;;) {
			*p = 0;
			if (p == &nc_ctx->digits[0]) {
				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("carry propagated to first digit -> special case handling"));
				DUK_MEMMOVE((void *) (&nc_ctx->digits[1]),
				            (const void *) (&nc_ctx->digits[0]),
				            (size_t) (sizeof(char) * nc_ctx->count));
				nc_ctx->digits[0] = 1;  /* don't increase 'count' */
				nc_ctx->k++;  /* position of highest digit changed */
				nc_ctx->count++;  /* number of digits changed */
				ret = 1;
				break;
			}

			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("fixed-format rounding carry: B=%ld, roundup_limit=%ld, p=%p, digits=%p",
			                     (long) nc_ctx->B, (long) roundup_limit, (void *) p, (void *) nc_ctx->digits));
			p--;
			t = *p;
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("digit before carry: %ld", (long) t));
			if (++t < nc_ctx->B) {
				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("rounding carry terminated"));
				*p = (duk_uint8_t) t;
				break;
			}

			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("wraps, carry to next digit"));
		}
	}

	return ret;
}

#define DUK__NO_EXP  (65536)  /* arbitrary marker, outside valid exp range */

DUK_LOCAL void duk__dragon4_convert_and_push(duk__numconv_stringify_ctx *nc_ctx,
                                          duk_context *ctx,
                                          duk_small_int_t radix,
                                          duk_small_int_t digits,
                                          duk_small_uint_t flags,
                                          duk_small_int_t neg) {
	duk_small_int_t k;
	duk_small_int_t pos, pos_end;
	duk_small_int_t expt;
	duk_small_int_t dig;
	duk_uint8_t *q;
	duk_uint8_t *buf;

	/*
	 *  The string conversion here incorporates all the necessary Ecmascript
	 *  semantics without attempting to be generic.  nc_ctx->digits contains
	 *  nc_ctx->count digits (>= 1), with the topmost digit's 'position'
	 *  indicated by nc_ctx->k as follows:
	 *
	 *    digits="123" count=3 k=0   -->   0.123
	 *    digits="123" count=3 k=1   -->   1.23
	 *    digits="123" count=3 k=5   -->   12300
	 *    digits="123" count=3 k=-1  -->   0.0123
	 *
	 *  Note that the identifier names used for format selection are different
	 *  in Burger-Dybvig paper and Ecmascript specification (quite confusingly
	 *  so, because e.g. 'k' has a totally different meaning in each).  See
	 *  documentation for discussion.
	 *
	 *  Ecmascript doesn't specify any specific behavior for format selection
	 *  (e.g. when to use exponent notation) for non-base-10 numbers.
	 *
	 *  The bigint space in the context is reused for string output, as there
	 *  is more than enough space for that (>1kB at the moment), and we avoid
	 *  allocating even more stack.
	 */

	DUK_ASSERT(DUK__NUMCONV_CTX_BIGINTS_SIZE >= DUK__MAX_FORMATTED_LENGTH);
	DUK_ASSERT(nc_ctx->count >= 1);

	k = nc_ctx->k;
	buf = (duk_uint8_t *) &nc_ctx->f;  /* XXX: union would be more correct */
	q = buf;

	/* Exponent handling: if exponent format is used, record exponent value and
	 * fake k such that one leading digit is generated (e.g. digits=123 -> "1.23").
	 *
	 * toFixed() prevents exponent use; otherwise apply a set of criteria to
	 * match the other API calls (toString(), toPrecision, etc).
	 */

	expt = DUK__NO_EXP;
	if (!nc_ctx->abs_pos /* toFixed() */) {
		if ((flags & DUK_N2S_FLAG_FORCE_EXP) ||             /* exponential notation forced */
		    ((flags & DUK_N2S_FLAG_NO_ZERO_PAD) &&          /* fixed precision and zero padding would be required */
	             (k - digits >= 1)) ||                          /* (e.g. k=3, digits=2 -> "12X") */
		    ((k > 21 || k <= -6) && (radix == 10))) {       /* toString() conditions */
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("use exponential notation: k=%ld -> expt=%ld",
			                     (long) k, (long) (k - 1)));
			expt = k - 1;  /* e.g. 12.3 -> digits="123" k=2 -> 1.23e1 */
			k = 1;  /* generate mantissa with a single leading whole number digit */
		}
	}

	if (neg) {
		*q++ = '-';
	}

	/* Start position (inclusive) and end position (exclusive) */
	pos = (k >= 1 ? k : 1);
	if (nc_ctx->is_fixed) {
		if (nc_ctx->abs_pos) {
			/* toFixed() */
			pos_end = -digits;
		} else {
			pos_end = k - digits;
		}
	} else {
		pos_end = k - nc_ctx->count;
	}
	if (pos_end > 0) {
		pos_end = 0;
	}

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("expt=%ld, k=%ld, count=%ld, pos=%ld, pos_end=%ld, is_fixed=%ld, "
	                     "digits=%ld, abs_pos=%ld",
	                     (long) expt, (long) k, (long) nc_ctx->count, (long) pos, (long) pos_end,
	                     (long) nc_ctx->is_fixed, (long) digits, (long) nc_ctx->abs_pos));

	/* Digit generation */
	while (pos > pos_end) {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("digit generation: pos=%ld, pos_end=%ld",
		                     (long) pos, (long) pos_end));
		if (pos == 0) {
			*q++ = (duk_uint8_t) '.';
		}
		if (pos > k) {
			*q++ = (duk_uint8_t) '0';
		} else if (pos <= k - nc_ctx->count) {
			*q++ = (duk_uint8_t) '0';
		} else {
			dig = nc_ctx->digits[k - pos];
			DUK_ASSERT(dig >= 0 && dig < nc_ctx->B);
			*q++ = (duk_uint8_t) DUK__DIGITCHAR(dig);
		}

		pos--;
	}
	DUK_ASSERT(pos <= 1);

	/* Exponent */
	if (expt != DUK__NO_EXP) {
		/*
		 *  Exponent notation for non-base-10 numbers isn't specified in Ecmascript
		 *  specification, as it never explicitly turns up: non-decimal numbers can
		 *  only be formatted with Number.prototype.toString([radix]) and for that,
		 *  behavior is not explicitly specified.
		 *
		 *  Logical choices include formatting the exponent as decimal (e.g. binary
		 *  100000 as 1e+5) or in current radix (e.g. binary 100000 as 1e+101).
		 *  The Dragon4 algorithm (in the original paper) prints the exponent value
		 *  in the target radix B.  However, for radix values 15 and above, the
		 *  exponent separator 'e' is no longer easily parseable.  Consider, for
		 *  instance, the number "1.faecee+1c".
		 */

		duk_size_t len;
		char expt_sign;

		*q++ = 'e';
		if (expt >= 0) {
			expt_sign = '+';
		} else {
			expt_sign = '-';
			expt = -expt;
		}
		*q++ = (duk_uint8_t) expt_sign;
		len = duk__dragon4_format_uint32(q, (duk_uint32_t) expt, radix);
		q += len;
	}

	duk_push_lstring(ctx, (const char *) buf, (size_t) (q - buf));
}

/*
 *  Conversion helpers
 */

DUK_LOCAL void duk__dragon4_double_to_ctx(duk__numconv_stringify_ctx *nc_ctx, duk_double_t x) {
	duk_double_union u;
	duk_uint32_t tmp;
	duk_small_int_t expt;

	/*
	 *    seeeeeee eeeeffff ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff
	 *       A        B        C        D        E        F        G        H
	 *
	 *    s       sign bit
	 *    eee...  exponent field
	 *    fff...  fraction
	 *
	 *    ieee value = 1.ffff... * 2^(e - 1023)  (normal)
	 *               = 0.ffff... * 2^(-1022)     (denormal)
	 *
	 *    algorithm v = f * b^e
	 */

	DUK_DBLUNION_SET_DOUBLE(&u, x);

	nc_ctx->f.n = 2;

	tmp = DUK_DBLUNION_GET_LOW32(&u);
	nc_ctx->f.v[0] = tmp;
	tmp = DUK_DBLUNION_GET_HIGH32(&u);
	nc_ctx->f.v[1] = tmp & 0x000fffffUL;
	expt = (duk_small_int_t) ((tmp >> 20) & 0x07ffUL);

	if (expt == 0) {
		/* denormal */
		expt = DUK__IEEE_DOUBLE_EXP_MIN - 52;
		duk__bi_normalize(&nc_ctx->f);
	} else {
		/* normal: implicit leading 1-bit */
		nc_ctx->f.v[1] |= 0x00100000UL;
		expt = expt - DUK__IEEE_DOUBLE_EXP_BIAS - 52;
		DUK_ASSERT(duk__bi_is_valid(&nc_ctx->f));  /* true, because v[1] has at least one bit set */
	}

	DUK_ASSERT(duk__bi_is_valid(&nc_ctx->f));

	nc_ctx->e = expt;
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__dragon4_ctx_to_double(duk__numconv_stringify_ctx *nc_ctx, duk_double_t *x) {
	duk_double_union u;
	duk_small_int_t expt;
	duk_small_int_t i;
	duk_small_int_t bitstart;
	duk_small_int_t bitround;
	duk_small_int_t bitidx;
	duk_small_int_t skip_round;
	duk_uint32_t t, v;

	DUK_ASSERT(nc_ctx->count == 53 + 1);

	/* Sometimes this assert is not true right now; it will be true after
	 * rounding.  See: test-bug-numconv-mantissa-assert.js.
	 */
	DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(nc_ctx->digits[0] == 1);  /* zero handled by caller */

	/* Should not be required because the code below always sets both high
	 * and low parts, but at least gcc-4.4.5 fails to deduce this correctly
	 * (perhaps because the low part is set (seemingly) conditionally in a
	 * loop), so this is here to avoid the bogus warning.
	 */
	DUK_MEMZERO((void *) &u, sizeof(u));

	/*
	 *  Figure out how generated digits match up with the mantissa,
	 *  and then perform rounding.  If mantissa overflows, need to
	 *  recompute the exponent (it is bumped and may overflow to
	 *  infinity).
	 *
	 *  For normal numbers the leading '1' is hidden and ignored,
	 *  and the last bit is used for rounding:
	 *
	 *                          rounding pt
	 *       <--------52------->|
	 *     1 x x x x ... x x x x|y  ==>  x x x x ... x x x x
	 *
	 *  For denormals, the leading '1' is included in the number,
	 *  and the rounding point is different:
	 *
	 *                      rounding pt
	 *     <--52 or less--->|
	 *     1 x x x x ... x x|x x y  ==>  0 0 ... 1 x x ... x x
	 *
	 *  The largest denormals will have a mantissa beginning with
	 *  a '1' (the explicit leading bit); smaller denormals will
	 *  have leading zero bits.
	 *
	 *  If the exponent would become too high, the result becomes
	 *  Infinity.  If the exponent is so small that the entire
	 *  mantissa becomes zero, the result becomes zero.
	 *
	 *  Note: the Dragon4 'k' is off-by-one with respect to the IEEE
	 *  exponent.  For instance, k==0 indicates that the leading '1'
	 *  digit is at the first binary fraction position (0.1xxx...);
	 *  the corresponding IEEE exponent would be -1.
	 */

	skip_round = 0;

 recheck_exp:

	expt = nc_ctx->k - 1;   /* IEEE exp without bias */
	if (expt > 1023) {
		/* Infinity */
		bitstart = -255;  /* needed for inf: causes mantissa to become zero,
		                   * and rounding to be skipped.
		                   */
		expt = 2047;
	} else if (expt >= -1022) {
		/* normal */
		bitstart = 1;  /* skip leading digit */
		expt += DUK__IEEE_DOUBLE_EXP_BIAS;
		DUK_ASSERT(expt >= 1 && expt <= 2046);
	} else {
		/* denormal or zero */
		bitstart = 1023 + expt;  /* expt==-1023 -> bitstart=0 (leading 1);
		                          * expt==-1024 -> bitstart=-1 (one left of leading 1), etc
		                          */
		expt = 0;
	}
	bitround = bitstart + 52;

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("ieee expt=%ld, bitstart=%ld, bitround=%ld",
	                     (long) expt, (long) bitstart, (long) bitround));

	if (!skip_round) {
		if (duk__dragon4_fixed_format_round(nc_ctx, bitround)) {
			/* Corner case: see test-numconv-parse-mant-carry.js.  We could
			 * just bump the exponent and update bitstart, but it's more robust
			 * to recompute (but avoid rounding twice).
			 */
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("rounding caused exponent to be bumped, recheck exponent"));
			skip_round = 1;
			goto recheck_exp;
		}
	}

	/*
	 *  Create mantissa
	 */

	t = 0;
	for (i = 0; i < 52; i++) {
		bitidx = bitstart + 52 - 1 - i;
		if (bitidx >= nc_ctx->count) {
			v = 0;
		} else if (bitidx < 0) {
			v = 0;
		} else {
			v = nc_ctx->digits[bitidx];
		}
		DUK_ASSERT(v == 0 || v == 1);
		t += v << (i % 32);
		if (i == 31) {
			/* low 32 bits is complete */
			DUK_DBLUNION_SET_LOW32(&u, t);
			t = 0;
		}
	}
	/* t has high mantissa */

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("mantissa is complete: %08lx %08lx",
	                     (unsigned long) t,
	                     (unsigned long) DUK_DBLUNION_GET_LOW32(&u)));

	DUK_ASSERT(expt >= 0 && expt <= 0x7ffL);
	t += expt << 20;
#if 0  /* caller handles sign change */
	if (negative) {
		t |= 0x80000000U;
	}
#endif
	DUK_DBLUNION_SET_HIGH32(&u, t);

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("number is complete: %08lx %08lx",
	                     (unsigned long) DUK_DBLUNION_GET_HIGH32(&u),
	                     (unsigned long) DUK_DBLUNION_GET_LOW32(&u)));

	*x = DUK_DBLUNION_GET_DOUBLE(&u);
}

/*
 *  Exposed number-to-string API
 *
 *  Input: [ number ]
 *  Output: [ string ]
 */

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_numconv_stringify(duk_context *ctx, duk_small_int_t radix, duk_small_int_t digits, duk_small_uint_t flags) {
	duk_double_t x;
	duk_small_int_t c;
	duk_small_int_t neg;
	duk_uint32_t uval;
	duk__numconv_stringify_ctx nc_ctx_alloc;  /* large context; around 2kB now */
	duk__numconv_stringify_ctx *nc_ctx = &nc_ctx_alloc;

	x = (duk_double_t) duk_require_number(ctx, -1);
	duk_pop(ctx);

	/*
	 *  Handle special cases (NaN, infinity, zero).
	 */

	c = (duk_small_int_t) DUK_FPCLASSIFY(x);
	if (DUK_SIGNBIT((double) x)) {
		x = -x;
		neg = 1;
	} else {
		neg = 0;
	}

	/* NaN sign bit is platform specific with unpacked, un-normalized NaNs */
	DUK_ASSERT(c == DUK_FP_NAN || DUK_SIGNBIT((double) x) == 0);

	if (c == DUK_FP_NAN) {
		duk_push_hstring_stridx(ctx, DUK_STRIDX_NAN);
		return;
	} else if (c == DUK_FP_INFINITE) {
		if (neg) {
			/* -Infinity */
			duk_push_hstring_stridx(ctx, DUK_STRIDX_MINUS_INFINITY);
		} else {
			/* Infinity */
			duk_push_hstring_stridx(ctx, DUK_STRIDX_INFINITY);
		}
		return;
	} else if (c == DUK_FP_ZERO) {
		/* We can't shortcut zero here if it goes through special formatting
		 * (such as forced exponential notation).
		 */
		;
	}

	/*
	 *  Handle integers in 32-bit range (that is, [-(2**32-1),2**32-1])
	 *  specially, as they're very likely for embedded programs.  This
	 *  is now done for all radix values.  We must be careful not to use
	 *  the fast path when special formatting (e.g. forced exponential)
	 *  is in force.
	 *
	 *  XXX: could save space by supporting radix 10 only and using
	 *  sprintf "%lu" for the fast path and for exponent formatting.
	 */

	uval = (unsigned int) x;
	if (((double) uval) == x &&  /* integer number in range */
	    flags == 0) {            /* no special formatting */
		/* use bigint area as a temp */
		duk_uint8_t *buf = (duk_uint8_t *) (&nc_ctx->f);
		duk_uint8_t *p = buf;

		DUK_ASSERT(DUK__NUMCONV_CTX_BIGINTS_SIZE >= 32 + 1);  /* max size: radix=2 + sign */
		if (neg && uval != 0) {
			/* no negative sign for zero */
			*p++ = (duk_uint8_t) '-';
		}
		p += duk__dragon4_format_uint32(p, uval, radix);
		duk_push_lstring(ctx, (const char *) buf, (duk_size_t) (p - buf));
		return;
	}

	/*
	 *  Dragon4 setup.
	 *
	 *  Convert double from IEEE representation for conversion;
	 *  normal finite values have an implicit leading 1-bit.  The
	 *  slow path algorithm doesn't handle zero, so zero is special
	 *  cased here but still creates a valid nc_ctx, and goes
	 *  through normal formatting in case special formatting has
	 *  been requested (e.g. forced exponential format: 0 -> "0e+0").
	 */

	/* Would be nice to bulk clear the allocation, but the context
	 * is 1-2 kilobytes and nothing should rely on it being zeroed.
	 */
#if 0
	DUK_MEMZERO((void *) nc_ctx, sizeof(*nc_ctx));  /* slow init, do only for slow path cases */
#endif

	nc_ctx->is_s2n = 0;
	nc_ctx->b = 2;
	nc_ctx->B = radix;
	nc_ctx->abs_pos = 0;
	if (flags & DUK_N2S_FLAG_FIXED_FORMAT) {
		nc_ctx->is_fixed = 1;
		if (flags & DUK_N2S_FLAG_FRACTION_DIGITS) {
			/* absolute req_digits; e.g. digits = 1 -> last digit is 0,
			 * but add an extra digit for rounding.
			 */
			nc_ctx->abs_pos = 1;
			nc_ctx->req_digits = (-digits + 1) - 1;
		} else {
			nc_ctx->req_digits = digits + 1;
		}
	} else {
		nc_ctx->is_fixed = 0;
		nc_ctx->req_digits = 0;
	}

	if (c == DUK_FP_ZERO) {
		/* Zero special case: fake requested number of zero digits; ensure
		 * no sign bit is printed.  Relative and absolute fixed format
		 * require separate handling.
		 */
		duk_small_int_t count;
		if (nc_ctx->is_fixed) {
			if (nc_ctx->abs_pos) {
				count = digits + 2;  /* lead zero + 'digits' fractions + 1 for rounding */
			} else {
				count = digits + 1;  /* + 1 for rounding */
			}
		} else {
			count = 1;
		}
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("count=%ld", (long) count));
		DUK_ASSERT(count >= 1);
		DUK_MEMZERO((void *) nc_ctx->digits, count);
		nc_ctx->count = count;
		nc_ctx->k = 1;  /* 0.000... */
		neg = 0;
		goto zero_skip;
	}

	duk__dragon4_double_to_ctx(nc_ctx, x);   /* -> sets 'f' and 'e' */
	DUK__BI_PRINT("f", &nc_ctx->f);
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("e=%ld", (long) nc_ctx->e));

	/*
	 *  Dragon4 slow path digit generation.
	 */

	duk__dragon4_prepare(nc_ctx);  /* setup many variables in nc_ctx */

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("after prepare:"));
	DUK__BI_PRINT("r", &nc_ctx->r);
	DUK__BI_PRINT("s", &nc_ctx->s);
	DUK__BI_PRINT("mp", &nc_ctx->mp);
	DUK__BI_PRINT("mm", &nc_ctx->mm);

	duk__dragon4_scale(nc_ctx);

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("after scale; k=%ld", (long) nc_ctx->k));
	DUK__BI_PRINT("r", &nc_ctx->r);
	DUK__BI_PRINT("s", &nc_ctx->s);
	DUK__BI_PRINT("mp", &nc_ctx->mp);
	DUK__BI_PRINT("mm", &nc_ctx->mm);

	duk__dragon4_generate(nc_ctx);

	/*
	 *  Convert and push final string.
	 */

 zero_skip:

	if (flags & DUK_N2S_FLAG_FIXED_FORMAT) {
		/* Perform fixed-format rounding. */
		duk_small_int_t roundpos;
		if (flags & DUK_N2S_FLAG_FRACTION_DIGITS) {
			/* 'roundpos' is relative to nc_ctx->k and increases to the right
			 * (opposite of how 'k' changes).
			 */
			roundpos = -digits;  /* absolute position for digit considered for rounding */
			roundpos = nc_ctx->k - roundpos;
		} else {
			roundpos = digits;
		}
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("rounding: k=%ld, count=%ld, digits=%ld, roundpos=%ld",
		                     (long) nc_ctx->k, (long) nc_ctx->count, (long) digits, (long) roundpos));
		(void) duk__dragon4_fixed_format_round(nc_ctx, roundpos);

		/* Note: 'count' is currently not adjusted by rounding (i.e. the
		 * digits are not "chopped off".  That shouldn't matter because
		 * the digit position (absolute or relative) is passed on to the
		 * convert-and-push function.
		 */
	}

	duk__dragon4_convert_and_push(nc_ctx, ctx, radix, digits, flags, neg);
}

/*
 *  Exposed string-to-number API
 *
 *  Input: [ string ]
 *  Output: [ number ]
 *
 *  If number parsing fails, a NaN is pushed as the result.  If number parsing
 *  fails due to an internal error, an InternalError is thrown.
 */

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_numconv_parse(duk_context *ctx, duk_small_int_t radix, duk_small_uint_t flags) {
	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
	duk__numconv_stringify_ctx nc_ctx_alloc;  /* large context; around 2kB now */
	duk__numconv_stringify_ctx *nc_ctx = &nc_ctx_alloc;
	duk_double_t res;
	duk_hstring *h_str;
	duk_small_int_t expt;
	duk_small_int_t expt_neg;
	duk_small_int_t expt_adj;
	duk_small_int_t neg;
	duk_small_int_t dig;
	duk_small_int_t dig_whole;
	duk_small_int_t dig_lzero;
	duk_small_int_t dig_frac;
	duk_small_int_t dig_expt;
	duk_small_int_t dig_prec;
	const duk__exp_limits *explim;
	const duk_uint8_t *p;
	duk_small_int_t ch;

	/* This seems to waste a lot of stack frame entries, but good compilers
	 * will compute these as needed below.  Some of these initial flags are
	 * also modified in the code below, so they can't all be removed.
	 */
	duk_small_int_t trim_white = (flags & DUK_S2N_FLAG_TRIM_WHITE);
	duk_small_int_t allow_expt = (flags & DUK_S2N_FLAG_ALLOW_EXP);
	duk_small_int_t allow_garbage = (flags & DUK_S2N_FLAG_ALLOW_GARBAGE);
	duk_small_int_t allow_plus = (flags & DUK_S2N_FLAG_ALLOW_PLUS);
	duk_small_int_t allow_minus = (flags & DUK_S2N_FLAG_ALLOW_MINUS);
	duk_small_int_t allow_infinity = (flags & DUK_S2N_FLAG_ALLOW_INF);
	duk_small_int_t allow_frac = (flags & DUK_S2N_FLAG_ALLOW_FRAC);
	duk_small_int_t allow_naked_frac = (flags & DUK_S2N_FLAG_ALLOW_NAKED_FRAC);
	duk_small_int_t allow_empty_frac = (flags & DUK_S2N_FLAG_ALLOW_EMPTY_FRAC);
	duk_small_int_t allow_empty = (flags & DUK_S2N_FLAG_ALLOW_EMPTY_AS_ZERO);
	duk_small_int_t allow_leading_zero = (flags & DUK_S2N_FLAG_ALLOW_LEADING_ZERO);
	duk_small_int_t allow_auto_hex_int = (flags & DUK_S2N_FLAG_ALLOW_AUTO_HEX_INT);
	duk_small_int_t allow_auto_oct_int = (flags & DUK_S2N_FLAG_ALLOW_AUTO_OCT_INT);

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("parse number: %!T, radix=%ld, flags=0x%08lx",
	                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1),
	                     (long) radix, (unsigned long) flags));

	DUK_ASSERT(radix >= 2 && radix <= 36);
	DUK_ASSERT(radix - 2 < (duk_small_int_t) sizeof(duk__str2num_digits_for_radix));

	/*
	 *  Preliminaries: trim, sign, Infinity check
	 *
	 *  We rely on the interned string having a NUL terminator, which will
	 *  cause a parse failure wherever it is encountered.  As a result, we
	 *  don't need separate pointer checks.
	 *
	 *  There is no special parsing for 'NaN' in the specification although
	 *  'Infinity' (with an optional sign) is allowed in some contexts.
	 *  Some contexts allow plus/minus sign, while others only allow the
	 *  minus sign (like JSON.parse()).
	 *
	 *  Automatic hex number detection (leading '0x' or '0X') and octal
	 *  number detection (leading '0' followed by at least one octal digit)
	 *  is done here too.
	 */

	if (trim_white) {
		/* Leading / trailing whitespace is sometimes accepted and
		 * sometimes not.  After white space trimming, all valid input
		 * characters are pure ASCII.
		 */
		duk_trim(ctx, -1);
	}
	h_str = duk_require_hstring(ctx, -1);
	DUK_ASSERT(h_str != NULL);
	p = (const duk_uint8_t *) DUK_HSTRING_GET_DATA(h_str);

	neg = 0;
	ch = *p;
	if (ch == (duk_small_int_t) '+') {
		if (!allow_plus) {
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("parse failed: leading plus sign not allowed"));
			goto parse_fail;
		}
		p++;
	} else if (ch == (duk_small_int_t) '-') {
		if (!allow_minus) {
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("parse failed: leading minus sign not allowed"));
			goto parse_fail;
		}
		p++;
		neg = 1;
	}

	ch = *p;
	if (allow_infinity && ch == (duk_small_int_t) 'I') {
		/* Don't check for Infinity unless the context allows it.
		 * 'Infinity' is a valid integer literal in e.g. base-36:
		 *
		 *   parseInt('Infinity', 36)
		 *   1461559270678
		 */

		const duk_uint8_t *q;

		/* borrow literal Infinity from builtin string */
		q = (const duk_uint8_t *) DUK_HSTRING_GET_DATA(DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_INFINITY(thr));
		if (DUK_STRNCMP((const char *) p, (const char *) q, 8) == 0) {
			if (!allow_garbage && (p[8] != (duk_uint8_t) 0)) {
				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("parse failed: trailing garbage after matching 'Infinity' not allowed"));
				goto parse_fail;
			} else {
				res = DUK_DOUBLE_INFINITY;
				goto negcheck_and_ret;
			}
		}
	}
	if (ch == (duk_small_int_t) '0') {
		duk_small_int_t detect_radix = 0;
		ch = p[1];
		if (allow_auto_hex_int && (ch == (duk_small_int_t) 'x' || ch == (duk_small_int_t) 'X')) {
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("detected 0x/0X hex prefix, changing radix and preventing fractions and exponent"));
			detect_radix = 16;
			allow_empty = 0;  /* interpret e.g. '0x' and '0xg' as a NaN (= parse error) */
			p += 2;
		} else if (allow_auto_oct_int && (ch >= (duk_small_int_t) '0' && ch <= (duk_small_int_t) '9')) {
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("detected 0n oct prefix, changing radix and preventing fractions and exponent"));
			detect_radix = 8;
			allow_empty = 1;  /* interpret e.g. '09' as '0', not NaN */
			p += 1;
		}
		if (detect_radix > 0) {
			radix = detect_radix;
			allow_expt = 0;
			allow_frac = 0;
			allow_naked_frac = 0;
			allow_empty_frac = 0;
			allow_leading_zero = 1;  /* allow e.g. '0x0009' and '00077' */
		}
	}

	/*
	 *  Scan number and setup for Dragon4.
	 *
	 *  The fast path case is detected during setup: an integer which
	 *  can be converted without rounding, no net exponent.  The fast
	 *  path could be implemented as a separate scan, but may not really
	 *  be worth it: the multiplications for building 'f' are not
	 *  expensive when 'f' is small.
	 *
	 *  The significand ('f') must contain enough bits of (apparent)
	 *  accuracy, so that Dragon4 will generate enough binary output digits.
	 *  For decimal numbers, this means generating a 20-digit significand,
	 *  which should yield enough practical accuracy to parse IEEE doubles.
	 *  In fact, the Ecmascript specification explicitly allows an
	 *  implementation to treat digits beyond 20 as zeroes (and even
	 *  to round the 20th digit upwards).  For non-decimal numbers, the
	 *  appropriate number of digits has been precomputed for comparable
	 *  accuracy.
	 *
	 *  Digit counts:
	 *
	 *    [ dig_lzero ]
	 *      |
	 *     .+-..---[ dig_prec ]----.
	 *     |  ||                   |
	 *     0000123.456789012345678901234567890e+123456
	 *     |     | |                         |  |    |
	 *     `--+--' `------[ dig_frac ]-------'  `-+--'
	 *        |                                   |
	 *    [ dig_whole ]                       [ dig_expt ]
	 *
	 *    dig_frac and dig_expt are -1 if not present
	 *    dig_lzero is only computed for whole number part
	 *
	 *  Parsing state
	 *
	 *     Parsing whole part      dig_frac < 0 AND dig_expt < 0
	 *     Parsing fraction part   dig_frac >= 0 AND dig_expt < 0
	 *     Parsing exponent part   dig_expt >= 0   (dig_frac may be < 0 or >= 0)
	 *
	 *  Note: in case we hit an implementation limit (like exponent range),
	 *  we should throw an error, NOT return NaN or Infinity.  Even with
	 *  very large exponent (or significand) values the final result may be
	 *  finite, so NaN/Infinity would be incorrect.
	 */

	duk__bi_set_small(&nc_ctx->f, 0);
	dig_prec = 0;
	dig_lzero = 0;
	dig_whole = 0;
	dig_frac = -1;
	dig_expt = -1;
	expt = 0;
	expt_adj = 0;  /* essentially tracks digit position of lowest 'f' digit */
	expt_neg = 0;
	for (;;) {
		ch = *p++;

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("parse digits: p=%p, ch='%c' (%ld), expt=%ld, expt_adj=%ld, "
		                     "dig_whole=%ld, dig_frac=%ld, dig_expt=%ld, dig_lzero=%ld, dig_prec=%ld",
		                     (const void *) p, (int) ((ch >= 0x20 && ch <= 0x7e) ? ch : '?'), (long) ch,
		                     (long) expt, (long) expt_adj, (long) dig_whole, (long) dig_frac,
		                     (long) dig_expt, (long) dig_lzero, (long) dig_prec));
		DUK__BI_PRINT("f", &nc_ctx->f);

		/* Most common cases first. */
		if (ch >= (duk_small_int_t) '0' && ch <= (duk_small_int_t) '9') {
			dig = (int) ch - '0' + 0;
		} else if (ch == (duk_small_int_t) '.') {
			/* A leading digit is not required in some cases, e.g. accept ".123".
			 * In other cases (JSON.parse()) a leading digit is required.  This
			 * is checked for after the loop.
			 */
			if (dig_frac >= 0 || dig_expt >= 0) {
				if (allow_garbage) {
					DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("garbage termination (invalid period)"));
					break;
				} else {
					DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("parse failed: period not allowed"));
					goto parse_fail;
				}
			}

			if (!allow_frac) {
				/* Some contexts don't allow fractions at all; this can't be a
				 * post-check because the state ('f' and expt) would be incorrect.
				 */
				if (allow_garbage) {
					DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("garbage termination (invalid first period)"));
					break;
				} else {
					DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("parse failed: fraction part not allowed"));
				}
			}

			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("start fraction part"));
			dig_frac = 0;
			continue;
		} else if (ch == (duk_small_int_t) 0) {
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("NUL termination"));
			break;
		} else if (allow_expt && dig_expt < 0 && (ch == (duk_small_int_t) 'e' || ch == (duk_small_int_t) 'E')) {
			/* Note: we don't parse back exponent notation for anything else
			 * than radix 10, so this is not an ambiguous check (e.g. hex
			 * exponent values may have 'e' either as a significand digit
			 * or as an exponent separator).
			 *
			 * If the exponent separator occurs twice, 'e' will be interpreted
			 * as a digit (= 14) and will be rejected as an invalid decimal
			 * digit.
			 */

			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("start exponent part"));

			/* Exponent without a sign or with a +/- sign is accepted
			 * by all call sites (even JSON.parse()).
			 */
			ch = *p;
			if (ch == (duk_small_int_t) '-') {
				expt_neg = 1;
				p++;
			} else if (ch == (duk_small_int_t) '+') {
				p++;
			}
			dig_expt = 0;
			continue;
		} else if (ch >= (duk_small_int_t) 'a' && ch <= (duk_small_int_t) 'z') {
			dig = (duk_small_int_t) (ch - (duk_small_int_t) 'a' + 0x0a);
		} else if (ch >= (duk_small_int_t) 'A' && ch <= (duk_small_int_t) 'Z') {
			dig = (duk_small_int_t) (ch - (duk_small_int_t) 'A' + 0x0a);
		} else {
			dig = 255;  /* triggers garbage digit check below */
		}
		DUK_ASSERT((dig >= 0 && dig <= 35) || dig == 255);

		if (dig >= radix) {
			if (allow_garbage) {
				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("garbage termination"));
				break;
			} else {
				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("parse failed: trailing garbage or invalid digit"));
				goto parse_fail;
			}
		}

		if (dig_expt < 0) {
			/* whole or fraction digit */

			if (dig_prec < duk__str2num_digits_for_radix[radix - 2]) {
				/* significant from precision perspective */

				duk_small_int_t f_zero = duk__bi_is_zero(&nc_ctx->f);
				if (f_zero && dig == 0) {
					/* Leading zero is not counted towards precision digits; not
					 * in the integer part, nor in the fraction part.
					 */
					if (dig_frac < 0) {
						dig_lzero++;
					}
				} else {
					/* XXX: join these ops (multiply-accumulate), but only if
					 * code footprint decreases.
					 */
					duk__bi_mul_small(&nc_ctx->t1, &nc_ctx->f, radix);
					duk__bi_add_small(&nc_ctx->f, &nc_ctx->t1, dig);
					dig_prec++;
				}
			} else {
				/* Ignore digits beyond a radix-specific limit, but note them
				 * in expt_adj.
				 */
				expt_adj++;
			}

			if (dig_frac >= 0) {
				dig_frac++;
				expt_adj--;
			} else {
				dig_whole++;
			}
		} else {
			/* exponent digit */

			expt = expt * radix + dig;
			if (expt > DUK_S2N_MAX_EXPONENT) {
				/* impose a reasonable exponent limit, so that exp
				 * doesn't need to get tracked using a bigint.
				 */
				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("parse failed: exponent too large"));
				goto parse_explimit_error;
			}
			dig_expt++;
		}
	}

	/* Leading zero. */

	if (dig_lzero > 0 && dig_whole > 1) {
		if (!allow_leading_zero) {
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("parse failed: leading zeroes not allowed in integer part"));
			goto parse_fail;
		}
	}

	/* Validity checks for various fraction formats ("0.1", ".1", "1.", "."). */

	if (dig_whole == 0) {
		if (dig_frac == 0) {
			/* "." is not accepted in any format */
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("parse failed: plain period without leading or trailing digits"));
			goto parse_fail;
		} else if (dig_frac > 0) {
			/* ".123" */
			if (!allow_naked_frac) {
				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("parse failed: fraction part not allowed without "
				                     "leading integer digit(s)"));
				goto parse_fail;
			}
		} else {
			/* empty ("") is allowed in some formats (e.g. Number(''), as zero */
			if (!allow_empty) {
				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("parse failed: empty string not allowed (as zero)"));
				goto parse_fail;
			}
		}
	} else {
		if (dig_frac == 0) {
			/* "123." is allowed in some formats */
			if (!allow_empty_frac) {
				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("parse failed: empty fractions"));
				goto parse_fail;
			}
		} else if (dig_frac > 0) {
			/* "123.456" */
			;
		} else {
			/* "123" */
			;
		}
	}

	/* Exponent without digits (e.g. "1e" or "1e+").  If trailing garbage is
	 * allowed, ignore exponent part as garbage (= parse as "1", i.e. exp 0).
	 */

	if (dig_expt == 0) {
		if (!allow_garbage) {
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("parse failed: empty exponent"));
			goto parse_fail;
		}
		DUK_ASSERT(expt == 0);
	}

	if (expt_neg) {
		expt = -expt;
	}
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("expt=%ld, expt_adj=%ld, net exponent -> %ld",
	                     (long) expt, (long) expt_adj, (long) (expt + expt_adj)));
	expt += expt_adj;

	/* Fast path check. */

	if (nc_ctx->f.n <= 1 &&   /* 32-bit value */
	    expt == 0    /* no net exponent */) {
		/* Fast path is triggered for no exponent and also for balanced exponent
		 * and fraction parts, e.g. for "1.23e2" == "123".  Remember to respect
		 * zero sign.
		 */

		/* XXX: could accept numbers larger than 32 bits, e.g. up to 53 bits? */
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("fast path number parse"));
		if (nc_ctx->f.n == 1) {
			res = (double) nc_ctx->f.v[0];
		} else {
			res = 0.0;
		}
		goto negcheck_and_ret;
	}

	/* Significand ('f') padding. */

	while (dig_prec < duk__str2num_digits_for_radix[radix - 2]) {
		/* Pad significand with "virtual" zero digits so that Dragon4 will
		 * have enough (apparent) precision to work with.
		 */
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("dig_prec=%ld, pad significand with zero", (long) dig_prec));
		duk__bi_mul_small_copy(&nc_ctx->f, radix, &nc_ctx->t1);
		DUK__BI_PRINT("f", &nc_ctx->f);
		expt--;
		dig_prec++;
	}

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("final exponent: %ld", (long) expt));

	/* Detect zero special case. */

	if (nc_ctx->f.n == 0) {
		/* This may happen even after the fast path check, if exponent is
		 * not balanced (e.g. "0e1").  Remember to respect zero sign.
		 */
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("significand is zero"));
		res = 0.0;
		goto negcheck_and_ret;
	}


	/* Quick reject of too large or too small exponents.  This check
	 * would be incorrect for zero (e.g. "0e1000" is zero, not Infinity)
	 * so zero check must be above.
	 */

	explim = &duk__str2num_exp_limits[radix - 2];
	if (expt > explim->upper) {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("exponent too large -> infinite"));
		res = (duk_double_t) DUK_DOUBLE_INFINITY;
		goto negcheck_and_ret;
	} else if (expt < explim->lower) {
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("exponent too small -> zero"));
		res = (duk_double_t) 0.0;
		goto negcheck_and_ret;
	}

	nc_ctx->is_s2n = 1;
	nc_ctx->e = expt;
	nc_ctx->b = radix;
	nc_ctx->B = 2;
	nc_ctx->is_fixed = 1;
	nc_ctx->abs_pos = 0;
	nc_ctx->req_digits = 53 + 1;

	DUK__BI_PRINT("f", &nc_ctx->f);
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("e=%ld", (long) nc_ctx->e));

	/*
	 *  Dragon4 slow path (binary) digit generation.
	 *  An extra digit is generated for rounding.
	 */

	duk__dragon4_prepare(nc_ctx);  /* setup many variables in nc_ctx */

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("after prepare:"));
	DUK__BI_PRINT("r", &nc_ctx->r);
	DUK__BI_PRINT("s", &nc_ctx->s);
	DUK__BI_PRINT("mp", &nc_ctx->mp);
	DUK__BI_PRINT("mm", &nc_ctx->mm);

	duk__dragon4_scale(nc_ctx);

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("after scale; k=%ld", (long) nc_ctx->k));
	DUK__BI_PRINT("r", &nc_ctx->r);
	DUK__BI_PRINT("s", &nc_ctx->s);
	DUK__BI_PRINT("mp", &nc_ctx->mp);
	DUK__BI_PRINT("mm", &nc_ctx->mm);

	duk__dragon4_generate(nc_ctx);

	DUK_ASSERT(nc_ctx->count == 53 + 1);

	/*
	 *  Convert binary digits into an IEEE double.  Need to handle
	 *  denormals and rounding correctly.
	 */

	duk__dragon4_ctx_to_double(nc_ctx, &res);
	goto negcheck_and_ret;

 negcheck_and_ret:
	if (neg) {
		res = -res;
	}
	duk_pop(ctx);
	duk_push_number(ctx, (double) res);
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("result: %!T", (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));
	return;

 parse_fail:
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("parse failed"));
	duk_pop(ctx);
	duk_push_nan(ctx);
	return;

 parse_explimit_error:
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("parse failed, internal error, can't return a value"));
	DUK_ERROR_RANGE(thr, "exponent too large");
	return;
}
/*
 *  Regexp compilation.
 *
 *  See doc/regexp.rst for a discussion of the compilation approach and
 *  current limitations.
 *
 *  Regexp bytecode assumes jumps can be expressed with signed 32-bit
 *  integers.  Consequently the bytecode size must not exceed 0x7fffffffL.
 *  The implementation casts duk_size_t (buffer size) to duk_(u)int32_t
 *  in many places.  Although this could be changed, the bytecode format
 *  limit would still prevent regexps exceeding the signed 32-bit limit
 *  from working.
 *
 *  XXX: The implementation does not prevent bytecode from exceeding the
 *  maximum supported size.  This could be done by limiting the maximum
 *  input string size (assuming an upper bound can be computed for number
 *  of bytecode bytes emitted per input byte) or checking buffer maximum
 *  size when emitting bytecode (slower).
 */

/* include removed: duk_internal.h */

#ifdef DUK_USE_REGEXP_SUPPORT

/*
 *  Helper macros
 */

#define DUK__RE_INITIAL_BUFSIZE 64

#undef DUK__RE_BUFLEN
#define DUK__RE_BUFLEN(re_ctx) \
	DUK_BW_GET_SIZE(re_ctx->thr, &re_ctx->bw)

/*
 *  Disjunction struct: result of parsing a disjunction
 */

typedef struct {
	/* Number of characters that the atom matches (e.g. 3 for 'abc'),
	 * -1 if atom is complex and number of matched characters either
	 * varies or is not known.
	 */
	duk_int32_t charlen;

#if 0
	/* These are not needed to implement quantifier capture handling,
	 * but might be needed at some point.
	 */

	/* re_ctx->captures at start and end of atom parsing.
	 * Since 'captures' indicates highest capture number emitted
	 * so far in a DUK_REOP_SAVE, the captures numbers saved by
	 * the atom are: ]start_captures,end_captures].
	 */
	duk_uint32_t start_captures;
	duk_uint32_t end_captures;
#endif
} duk__re_disjunction_info;

/*
 *  Encoding helpers
 *
 *  Some of the typing is bytecode based, e.g. slice sizes are unsigned 32-bit
 *  even though the buffer operations will use duk_size_t.
 */

/* XXX: the insert helpers should ensure that the bytecode result is not
 * larger than expected (or at least assert for it).  Many things in the
 * bytecode, like skip offsets, won't work correctly if the bytecode is
 * larger than say 2G.
 */

DUK_LOCAL duk_uint32_t duk__encode_i32(duk_int32_t x) {
	if (x < 0) {
		return ((duk_uint32_t) (-x)) * 2 + 1;
	} else {
		return ((duk_uint32_t) x) * 2;
	}
}

/* XXX: return type should probably be duk_size_t, or explicit checks are needed for
 * maximum size.
 */
DUK_LOCAL duk_uint32_t duk__insert_u32(duk_re_compiler_ctx *re_ctx, duk_uint32_t offset, duk_uint32_t x) {
	duk_uint8_t buf[DUK_UNICODE_MAX_XUTF8_LENGTH];
	duk_small_int_t len;

	len = duk_unicode_encode_xutf8((duk_ucodepoint_t) x, buf);
	DUK_BW_INSERT_ENSURE_BYTES(re_ctx->thr, &re_ctx->bw, offset, buf, len);
	return (duk_uint32_t) len;
}

DUK_LOCAL duk_uint32_t duk__append_u32(duk_re_compiler_ctx *re_ctx, duk_uint32_t x) {
	duk_uint8_t buf[DUK_UNICODE_MAX_XUTF8_LENGTH];
	duk_small_int_t len;

	len = duk_unicode_encode_xutf8((duk_ucodepoint_t) x, buf);
	DUK_BW_WRITE_ENSURE_BYTES(re_ctx->thr, &re_ctx->bw, buf, len);
	return (duk_uint32_t) len;
}

DUK_LOCAL duk_uint32_t duk__insert_i32(duk_re_compiler_ctx *re_ctx, duk_uint32_t offset, duk_int32_t x) {
	return duk__insert_u32(re_ctx, offset, duk__encode_i32(x));
}

#if 0  /* unused */
DUK_LOCAL duk_uint32_t duk__append_i32(duk_re_compiler_ctx *re_ctx, duk_int32_t x) {
	return duk__append_u32(re_ctx, duk__encode_i32(x));
}
#endif

/* special helper for emitting u16 lists (used for character ranges for built-in char classes) */
DUK_LOCAL void duk__append_u16_list(duk_re_compiler_ctx *re_ctx, const duk_uint16_t *values, duk_uint32_t count) {
	/* Call sites don't need the result length so it's not accumulated. */
	while (count > 0) {
		(void) duk__append_u32(re_ctx, (duk_uint32_t) (*values++));
		count--;
	}
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__insert_slice(duk_re_compiler_ctx *re_ctx, duk_uint32_t offset, duk_uint32_t data_offset, duk_uint32_t data_length) {
	DUK_BW_INSERT_ENSURE_SLICE(re_ctx->thr, &re_ctx->bw, offset, data_offset, data_length);
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__append_slice(duk_re_compiler_ctx *re_ctx, duk_uint32_t data_offset, duk_uint32_t data_length) {
	DUK_BW_WRITE_ENSURE_SLICE(re_ctx->thr, &re_ctx->bw, data_offset, data_length);
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__remove_slice(duk_re_compiler_ctx *re_ctx, duk_uint32_t data_offset, duk_uint32_t data_length) {
	DUK_BW_REMOVE_ENSURE_SLICE(re_ctx->thr, &re_ctx->bw, data_offset, data_length);
}

/*
 *  Insert a jump offset at 'offset' to complete an instruction
 *  (the jump offset is always the last component of an instruction).
 *  The 'skip' argument must be computed relative to 'offset',
 *  -without- taking into account the skip field being inserted.
 *
 *       ... A B C ins X Y Z ...   (ins may be a JUMP, SPLIT1/SPLIT2, etc)
 *   =>  ... A B C ins SKIP X Y Z
 *
 *  Computing the final (adjusted) skip value, which is relative to the
 *  first byte of the next instruction, is a bit tricky because of the
 *  variable length UTF-8 encoding.  See doc/regexp.rst for discussion.
 */
DUK_LOCAL duk_uint32_t duk__insert_jump_offset(duk_re_compiler_ctx *re_ctx, duk_uint32_t offset, duk_int32_t skip) {
	duk_small_int_t len;

	/* XXX: solve into closed form (smaller code) */

	if (skip < 0) {
		/* two encoding attempts suffices */
		len = duk_unicode_get_xutf8_length((duk_codepoint_t) duk__encode_i32(skip));
		len = duk_unicode_get_xutf8_length((duk_codepoint_t) duk__encode_i32(skip - (duk_int32_t) len));
		DUK_ASSERT(duk_unicode_get_xutf8_length(duk__encode_i32(skip - (duk_int32_t) len)) == len);  /* no change */
		skip -= (duk_int32_t) len;
	}
	return duk__insert_i32(re_ctx, offset, skip);
}

DUK_LOCAL duk_uint32_t duk__append_jump_offset(duk_re_compiler_ctx *re_ctx, duk_int32_t skip) {
	return (duk_uint32_t) duk__insert_jump_offset(re_ctx, (duk_uint32_t) DUK__RE_BUFLEN(re_ctx), skip);
}

/*
 *  duk_re_range_callback for generating character class ranges.
 *
 *  When ignoreCase is false, the range is simply emitted as is.
 *  We don't, for instance, eliminate duplicates or overlapping
 *  ranges in a character class.
 *
 *  When ignoreCase is true, the range needs to be normalized through
 *  canonicalization.  Unfortunately a canonicalized version of a
 *  continuous range is not necessarily continuous (e.g. [x-{] is
 *  continuous but [X-{] is not).  The current algorithm creates the
 *  canonicalized range(s) space efficiently at the cost of compile
 *  time execution time (see doc/regexp.rst for discussion).
 *
 *  Note that the ctx->nranges is a context-wide temporary value
 *  (this is OK because there cannot be multiple character classes
 *  being parsed simultaneously).
 */

DUK_LOCAL void duk__generate_ranges(void *userdata, duk_codepoint_t r1, duk_codepoint_t r2, duk_bool_t direct) {
	duk_re_compiler_ctx *re_ctx = (duk_re_compiler_ctx *) userdata;

	DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("duk__generate_ranges(): re_ctx=%p, range=[%ld,%ld] direct=%ld",
	                   (void *) re_ctx, (long) r1, (long) r2, (long) direct));

	if (!direct && (re_ctx->re_flags & DUK_RE_FLAG_IGNORE_CASE)) {
		/*
		 *  Canonicalize a range, generating result ranges as necessary.
		 *  Needs to exhaustively scan the entire range (at most 65536
		 *  code points).  If 'direct' is set, caller (lexer) has ensured
		 *  that the range is already canonicalization compatible (this
		 *  is used to avoid unnecessary canonicalization of built-in
		 *  ranges like \W, which are not affected by canonicalization).
		 *
		 *  NOTE: here is one place where we don't want to support chars
		 *  outside the BMP, because the exhaustive search would be
		 *  massively larger.
		 */

		duk_codepoint_t i;
		duk_codepoint_t t;
		duk_codepoint_t r_start, r_end;

		r_start = duk_unicode_re_canonicalize_char(re_ctx->thr, r1);
		r_end = r_start;
		for (i = r1 + 1; i <= r2; i++) {
			t = duk_unicode_re_canonicalize_char(re_ctx->thr, i);
			if (t == r_end + 1) {
				r_end = t;
			} else {
				DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("canonicalized, emit range: [%ld,%ld]", (long) r_start, (long) r_end));
				duk__append_u32(re_ctx, (duk_uint32_t) r_start);
				duk__append_u32(re_ctx, (duk_uint32_t) r_end);
				re_ctx->nranges++;
				r_start = t;
				r_end = t;
			}
		}
		DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("canonicalized, emit range: [%ld,%ld]", (long) r_start, (long) r_end));
		duk__append_u32(re_ctx, (duk_uint32_t) r_start);
		duk__append_u32(re_ctx, (duk_uint32_t) r_end);
		re_ctx->nranges++;
	} else {
		DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("direct, emit range: [%ld,%ld]", (long) r1, (long) r2));
		duk__append_u32(re_ctx, (duk_uint32_t) r1);
		duk__append_u32(re_ctx, (duk_uint32_t) r2);
		re_ctx->nranges++;
	}
}

/*
 *  Parse regexp Disjunction.  Most of regexp compilation happens here.
 *
 *  Handles Disjunction, Alternative, and Term productions directly without
 *  recursion.  The only constructs requiring recursion are positive/negative
 *  lookaheads, capturing parentheses, and non-capturing parentheses.
 *
 *  The function determines whether the entire disjunction is a 'simple atom'
 *  (see doc/regexp.rst discussion on 'simple quantifiers') and if so,
 *  returns the atom character length which is needed by the caller to keep
 *  track of its own atom character length.  A disjunction with more than one
 *  alternative is never considered a simple atom (although in some cases
 *  that might be the case).
 *
 *  Return value: simple atom character length or < 0 if not a simple atom.
 *  Appends the bytecode for the disjunction matcher to the end of the temp
 *  buffer.
 *
 *  Regexp top level structure is:
 *
 *    Disjunction = Term*
 *                | Term* | Disjunction
 *
 *    Term = Assertion
 *         | Atom
 *         | Atom Quantifier
 *
 *  An empty Term sequence is a valid disjunction alternative (e.g. /|||c||/).
 *
 *  Notes:
 *
 *    * Tracking of the 'simple-ness' of the current atom vs. the entire
 *      disjunction are separate matters.  For instance, the disjunction
 *      may be complex, but individual atoms may be simple.  Furthermore,
 *      simple quantifiers are used whenever possible, even if the
 *      disjunction as a whole is complex.
 *
 *    * The estimate of whether an atom is simple is conservative now,
 *      and it would be possible to expand it.  For instance, captures
 *      cause the disjunction to be marked complex, even though captures
 *      -can- be handled by simple quantifiers with some minor modifications.
 *
 *    * Disjunction 'tainting' as 'complex' is handled at the end of the
 *      main for loop collectively for atoms.  Assertions, quantifiers,
 *      and '|' tokens need to taint the result manually if necessary.
 *      Assertions cannot add to result char length, only atoms (and
 *      quantifiers) can; currently quantifiers will taint the result
 *      as complex though.
 */

DUK_LOCAL void duk__parse_disjunction(duk_re_compiler_ctx *re_ctx, duk_bool_t expect_eof, duk__re_disjunction_info *out_atom_info) {
	duk_int32_t atom_start_offset = -1;                   /* negative -> no atom matched on previous round */
	duk_int32_t atom_char_length = 0;                     /* negative -> complex atom */
	duk_uint32_t atom_start_captures = re_ctx->captures;  /* value of re_ctx->captures at start of atom */
	duk_int32_t unpatched_disjunction_split = -1;
	duk_int32_t unpatched_disjunction_jump = -1;
	duk_uint32_t entry_offset = (duk_uint32_t) DUK__RE_BUFLEN(re_ctx);
	duk_int32_t res_charlen = 0;  /* -1 if disjunction is complex, char length if simple */
	duk__re_disjunction_info tmp_disj;

	DUK_ASSERT(out_atom_info != NULL);

	if (re_ctx->recursion_depth >= re_ctx->recursion_limit) {
		DUK_ERROR_RANGE(re_ctx->thr, DUK_STR_REGEXP_COMPILER_RECURSION_LIMIT);
	}
	re_ctx->recursion_depth++;

#if 0
	out_atom_info->start_captures = re_ctx->captures;
#endif

	for (;;) {
		/* atom_char_length, atom_start_offset, atom_start_offset reflect the
		 * atom matched on the previous loop.  If a quantifier is encountered
		 * on this loop, these are needed to handle the quantifier correctly.
		 * new_atom_char_length etc are for the atom parsed on this round;
		 * they're written to atom_char_length etc at the end of the round.
		 */
		duk_int32_t new_atom_char_length;   /* char length of the atom parsed in this loop */
		duk_int32_t new_atom_start_offset;  /* bytecode start offset of the atom parsed in this loop
		                                     * (allows quantifiers to copy the atom bytecode)
		                                     */
		duk_uint32_t new_atom_start_captures;  /* re_ctx->captures at the start of the atom parsed in this loop */

		duk_lexer_parse_re_token(&re_ctx->lex, &re_ctx->curr_token);

		DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("re token: %ld (num=%ld, char=%c)",
		                   (long) re_ctx->curr_token.t,
		                   (long) re_ctx->curr_token.num,
		                   (re_ctx->curr_token.num >= 0x20 && re_ctx->curr_token.num <= 0x7e) ?
		                   (int) re_ctx->curr_token.num : (int) '?'));

		/* set by atom case clauses */
		new_atom_start_offset = -1;
		new_atom_char_length = -1;
		new_atom_start_captures = re_ctx->captures;

		switch (re_ctx->curr_token.t) {
		case DUK_RETOK_DISJUNCTION: {
			/*
			 *  The handling here is a bit tricky.  If a previous '|' has been processed,
			 *  we have a pending split1 and a pending jump (for a previous match).  These
			 *  need to be back-patched carefully.  See docs for a detailed example.
			 */

			/* patch pending jump and split */
			if (unpatched_disjunction_jump >= 0) {
				duk_uint32_t offset;

				DUK_ASSERT(unpatched_disjunction_split >= 0);
				offset = unpatched_disjunction_jump;
				offset += duk__insert_jump_offset(re_ctx,
				                                  offset,
				                                  (duk_int32_t) (DUK__RE_BUFLEN(re_ctx) - offset));
				/* offset is now target of the pending split (right after jump) */
				duk__insert_jump_offset(re_ctx,
				                        unpatched_disjunction_split,
				                        offset - unpatched_disjunction_split);
			}

			/* add a new pending split to the beginning of the entire disjunction */
			(void) duk__insert_u32(re_ctx,
			                       entry_offset,
			                       DUK_REOP_SPLIT1);   /* prefer direct execution */
			unpatched_disjunction_split = entry_offset + 1;   /* +1 for opcode */

			/* add a new pending match jump for latest finished alternative */
			duk__append_u32(re_ctx, DUK_REOP_JUMP);
			unpatched_disjunction_jump = (duk_int32_t) DUK__RE_BUFLEN(re_ctx);

			/* 'taint' result as complex */
			res_charlen = -1;
			break;
		}
		case DUK_RETOK_QUANTIFIER: {
			if (atom_start_offset < 0) {
				DUK_ERROR_SYNTAX(re_ctx->thr, DUK_STR_INVALID_QUANTIFIER_NO_ATOM);
			}
			if (re_ctx->curr_token.qmin > re_ctx->curr_token.qmax) {
				DUK_ERROR_SYNTAX(re_ctx->thr, DUK_STR_INVALID_QUANTIFIER_VALUES);
			}
			if (atom_char_length >= 0) {
				/*
				 *  Simple atom
				 *
				 *  If atom_char_length is zero, we'll have unbounded execution time for e.g.
				 *  /()*x/.exec('x').  We can't just skip the match because it might have some
				 *  side effects (for instance, if we allowed captures in simple atoms, the
				 *  capture needs to happen).  The simple solution below is to force the
				 *  quantifier to match at most once, since the additional matches have no effect.
				 *
				 *  With a simple atom there can be no capture groups, so no captures need
				 *  to be reset.
				 */
				duk_int32_t atom_code_length;
				duk_uint32_t offset;
				duk_uint32_t qmin, qmax;

				qmin = re_ctx->curr_token.qmin;
				qmax = re_ctx->curr_token.qmax;
				if (atom_char_length == 0) {
					/* qmin and qmax will be 0 or 1 */
					if (qmin > 1) {
						qmin = 1;
					}
					if (qmax > 1) {
						qmax = 1;
					}
				}

				duk__append_u32(re_ctx, DUK_REOP_MATCH);   /* complete 'sub atom' */
				atom_code_length = (duk_int32_t) (DUK__RE_BUFLEN(re_ctx) - atom_start_offset);

				offset = atom_start_offset;
				if (re_ctx->curr_token.greedy) {
					offset += duk__insert_u32(re_ctx, offset, DUK_REOP_SQGREEDY);
					offset += duk__insert_u32(re_ctx, offset, qmin);
					offset += duk__insert_u32(re_ctx, offset, qmax);
					offset += duk__insert_u32(re_ctx, offset, atom_char_length);
					offset += duk__insert_jump_offset(re_ctx, offset, atom_code_length);
				} else {
					offset += duk__insert_u32(re_ctx, offset, DUK_REOP_SQMINIMAL);
					offset += duk__insert_u32(re_ctx, offset, qmin);
					offset += duk__insert_u32(re_ctx, offset, qmax);
					offset += duk__insert_jump_offset(re_ctx, offset, atom_code_length);
				}
				DUK_UNREF(offset);  /* silence scan-build warning */
			} else {
				/*
				 *  Complex atom
				 *
				 *  The original code is used as a template, and removed at the end
				 *  (this differs from the handling of simple quantifiers).
				 *
				 *  NOTE: there is no current solution for empty atoms in complex
				 *  quantifiers.  This would need some sort of a 'progress' instruction.
				 *
				 *  XXX: impose limit on maximum result size, i.e. atom_code_len * atom_copies?
				 */
				duk_int32_t atom_code_length;
				duk_uint32_t atom_copies;
				duk_uint32_t tmp_qmin, tmp_qmax;

				/* pre-check how many atom copies we're willing to make (atom_copies not needed below) */
				atom_copies = (re_ctx->curr_token.qmax == DUK_RE_QUANTIFIER_INFINITE) ?
				              re_ctx->curr_token.qmin : re_ctx->curr_token.qmax;
				if (atom_copies > DUK_RE_MAX_ATOM_COPIES) {
					DUK_ERROR_RANGE(re_ctx->thr, DUK_STR_QUANTIFIER_TOO_MANY_COPIES);
				}

				/* wipe the capture range made by the atom (if any) */
				DUK_ASSERT(atom_start_captures <= re_ctx->captures);
				if (atom_start_captures != re_ctx->captures) {
					DUK_ASSERT(atom_start_captures < re_ctx->captures);
					DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("must wipe ]atom_start_captures,re_ctx->captures]: ]%ld,%ld]",
					                     (long) atom_start_captures, (long) re_ctx->captures));

					/* insert (DUK_REOP_WIPERANGE, start, count) in reverse order so the order ends up right */
					duk__insert_u32(re_ctx, atom_start_offset, (re_ctx->captures - atom_start_captures) * 2);
					duk__insert_u32(re_ctx, atom_start_offset, (atom_start_captures + 1) * 2);
					duk__insert_u32(re_ctx, atom_start_offset, DUK_REOP_WIPERANGE);
				} else {
					DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("no need to wipe captures: atom_start_captures == re_ctx->captures == %ld",
					                     (long) atom_start_captures));
				}

				atom_code_length = (duk_int32_t) DUK__RE_BUFLEN(re_ctx) - atom_start_offset;

				/* insert the required matches (qmin) by copying the atom */
				tmp_qmin = re_ctx->curr_token.qmin;
				tmp_qmax = re_ctx->curr_token.qmax;
				while (tmp_qmin > 0) {
					duk__append_slice(re_ctx, atom_start_offset, atom_code_length);
					tmp_qmin--;
					if (tmp_qmax != DUK_RE_QUANTIFIER_INFINITE) {
						tmp_qmax--;
					}
				}
				DUK_ASSERT(tmp_qmin == 0);

				/* insert code for matching the remainder - infinite or finite */
				if (tmp_qmax == DUK_RE_QUANTIFIER_INFINITE) {
					/* reuse last emitted atom for remaining 'infinite' quantifier */

					if (re_ctx->curr_token.qmin == 0) {
						/* Special case: original qmin was zero so there is nothing
						 * to repeat.  Emit an atom copy but jump over it here.
						 */
						duk__append_u32(re_ctx, DUK_REOP_JUMP);
						duk__append_jump_offset(re_ctx, atom_code_length);
						duk__append_slice(re_ctx, atom_start_offset, atom_code_length);
					}
					if (re_ctx->curr_token.greedy) {
						duk__append_u32(re_ctx, DUK_REOP_SPLIT2);   /* prefer jump */
					} else {
						duk__append_u32(re_ctx, DUK_REOP_SPLIT1);   /* prefer direct */
					}
					duk__append_jump_offset(re_ctx, -atom_code_length - 1);  /* -1 for opcode */
				} else {
					/*
					 *  The remaining matches are emitted as sequence of SPLITs and atom
					 *  copies; the SPLITs skip the remaining copies and match the sequel.
					 *  This sequence needs to be emitted starting from the last copy
					 *  because the SPLITs are variable length due to the variable length
					 *  skip offset.  This causes a lot of memory copying now.
					 *
					 *  Example structure (greedy, match maximum # atoms):
					 *
					 *      SPLIT1 LSEQ
					 *      (atom)
					 *      SPLIT1 LSEQ    ; <- the byte length of this instruction is needed
					 *      (atom)         ; to encode the above SPLIT1 correctly
					 *      ...
					 *   LSEQ:
					 */
					duk_uint32_t offset = (duk_uint32_t) DUK__RE_BUFLEN(re_ctx);
					while (tmp_qmax > 0) {
						duk__insert_slice(re_ctx, offset, atom_start_offset, atom_code_length);
						if (re_ctx->curr_token.greedy) {
							duk__insert_u32(re_ctx, offset, DUK_REOP_SPLIT1);   /* prefer direct */
						} else {
							duk__insert_u32(re_ctx, offset, DUK_REOP_SPLIT2);   /* prefer jump */
						}
						duk__insert_jump_offset(re_ctx,
						                        offset + 1,   /* +1 for opcode */
						                        (duk_int32_t) (DUK__RE_BUFLEN(re_ctx) - (offset + 1)));
						tmp_qmax--;
					}
				}

				/* remove the original 'template' atom */
				duk__remove_slice(re_ctx, atom_start_offset, atom_code_length);
			}

			/* 'taint' result as complex */
			res_charlen = -1;
			break;
		}
		case DUK_RETOK_ASSERT_START: {
			duk__append_u32(re_ctx, DUK_REOP_ASSERT_START);
			break;
		}
		case DUK_RETOK_ASSERT_END: {
			duk__append_u32(re_ctx, DUK_REOP_ASSERT_END);
			break;
		}
		case DUK_RETOK_ASSERT_WORD_BOUNDARY: {
			duk__append_u32(re_ctx, DUK_REOP_ASSERT_WORD_BOUNDARY);
			break;
		}
		case DUK_RETOK_ASSERT_NOT_WORD_BOUNDARY: {
			duk__append_u32(re_ctx, DUK_REOP_ASSERT_NOT_WORD_BOUNDARY);
			break;
		}
		case DUK_RETOK_ASSERT_START_POS_LOOKAHEAD:
		case DUK_RETOK_ASSERT_START_NEG_LOOKAHEAD: {
			duk_uint32_t offset;
			duk_uint32_t opcode = (re_ctx->curr_token.t == DUK_RETOK_ASSERT_START_POS_LOOKAHEAD) ?
			                      DUK_REOP_LOOKPOS : DUK_REOP_LOOKNEG;

			offset = (duk_uint32_t) DUK__RE_BUFLEN(re_ctx);
			duk__parse_disjunction(re_ctx, 0, &tmp_disj);
			duk__append_u32(re_ctx, DUK_REOP_MATCH);

			(void) duk__insert_u32(re_ctx, offset, opcode);
			(void) duk__insert_jump_offset(re_ctx,
			                               offset + 1,   /* +1 for opcode */
			                               (duk_int32_t) (DUK__RE_BUFLEN(re_ctx) - (offset + 1)));

			/* 'taint' result as complex -- this is conservative,
			 * as lookaheads do not backtrack.
			 */
			res_charlen = -1;
			break;
		}
		case DUK_RETOK_ATOM_PERIOD: {
			new_atom_char_length = 1;
			new_atom_start_offset = (duk_int32_t) DUK__RE_BUFLEN(re_ctx);
			duk__append_u32(re_ctx, DUK_REOP_PERIOD);
			break;
		}
		case DUK_RETOK_ATOM_CHAR: {
			/* Note: successive characters could be joined into string matches
			 * but this is not trivial (consider e.g. '/xyz+/); see docs for
			 * more discussion.
			 */
			duk_uint32_t ch;

			new_atom_char_length = 1;
			new_atom_start_offset = (duk_int32_t) DUK__RE_BUFLEN(re_ctx);
			duk__append_u32(re_ctx, DUK_REOP_CHAR);
			ch = re_ctx->curr_token.num;
			if (re_ctx->re_flags & DUK_RE_FLAG_IGNORE_CASE) {
				ch = duk_unicode_re_canonicalize_char(re_ctx->thr, ch);
			}
			duk__append_u32(re_ctx, ch);
			break;
		}
		case DUK_RETOK_ATOM_DIGIT:
		case DUK_RETOK_ATOM_NOT_DIGIT: {
			new_atom_char_length = 1;
			new_atom_start_offset = (duk_int32_t) DUK__RE_BUFLEN(re_ctx);
			duk__append_u32(re_ctx,
			                (re_ctx->curr_token.t == DUK_RETOK_ATOM_DIGIT) ?
			                DUK_REOP_RANGES : DUK_REOP_INVRANGES);
			duk__append_u32(re_ctx, sizeof(duk_unicode_re_ranges_digit) / (2 * sizeof(duk_uint16_t)));
			duk__append_u16_list(re_ctx, duk_unicode_re_ranges_digit, sizeof(duk_unicode_re_ranges_digit) / sizeof(duk_uint16_t));
			break;
		}
		case DUK_RETOK_ATOM_WHITE:
		case DUK_RETOK_ATOM_NOT_WHITE: {
			new_atom_char_length = 1;
			new_atom_start_offset = (duk_int32_t) DUK__RE_BUFLEN(re_ctx);
			duk__append_u32(re_ctx,
			                (re_ctx->curr_token.t == DUK_RETOK_ATOM_WHITE) ?
			                DUK_REOP_RANGES : DUK_REOP_INVRANGES);
			duk__append_u32(re_ctx, sizeof(duk_unicode_re_ranges_white) / (2 * sizeof(duk_uint16_t)));
			duk__append_u16_list(re_ctx, duk_unicode_re_ranges_white, sizeof(duk_unicode_re_ranges_white) / sizeof(duk_uint16_t));
			break;
		}
		case DUK_RETOK_ATOM_WORD_CHAR:
		case DUK_RETOK_ATOM_NOT_WORD_CHAR: {
			new_atom_char_length = 1;
			new_atom_start_offset = (duk_int32_t) DUK__RE_BUFLEN(re_ctx);
			duk__append_u32(re_ctx,
			                (re_ctx->curr_token.t == DUK_RETOK_ATOM_WORD_CHAR) ?
			                DUK_REOP_RANGES : DUK_REOP_INVRANGES);
			duk__append_u32(re_ctx, sizeof(duk_unicode_re_ranges_wordchar) / (2 * sizeof(duk_uint16_t)));
			duk__append_u16_list(re_ctx, duk_unicode_re_ranges_wordchar, sizeof(duk_unicode_re_ranges_wordchar) / sizeof(duk_uint16_t));
			break;
		}
		case DUK_RETOK_ATOM_BACKREFERENCE: {
			duk_uint32_t backref = (duk_uint32_t) re_ctx->curr_token.num;
			if (backref > re_ctx->highest_backref) {
				re_ctx->highest_backref = backref;
			}
			new_atom_char_length = -1;   /* mark as complex */
			new_atom_start_offset = (duk_int32_t) DUK__RE_BUFLEN(re_ctx);
			duk__append_u32(re_ctx, DUK_REOP_BACKREFERENCE);
			duk__append_u32(re_ctx, backref);
			break;
		}
		case DUK_RETOK_ATOM_START_CAPTURE_GROUP: {
			duk_uint32_t cap;

			new_atom_char_length = -1;   /* mark as complex (capture handling) */
			new_atom_start_offset = (duk_int32_t) DUK__RE_BUFLEN(re_ctx);
			cap = ++re_ctx->captures;
			duk__append_u32(re_ctx, DUK_REOP_SAVE);
			duk__append_u32(re_ctx, cap * 2);
			duk__parse_disjunction(re_ctx, 0, &tmp_disj);  /* retval (sub-atom char length) unused, tainted as complex above */
			duk__append_u32(re_ctx, DUK_REOP_SAVE);
			duk__append_u32(re_ctx, cap * 2 + 1);
			break;
		}
		case DUK_RETOK_ATOM_START_NONCAPTURE_GROUP: {
			new_atom_start_offset = (duk_int32_t) DUK__RE_BUFLEN(re_ctx);
			duk__parse_disjunction(re_ctx, 0, &tmp_disj);
			new_atom_char_length = tmp_disj.charlen;
			break;
		}
		case DUK_RETOK_ATOM_START_CHARCLASS:
		case DUK_RETOK_ATOM_START_CHARCLASS_INVERTED: {
			/*
			 *  Range parsing is done with a special lexer function which calls
			 *  us for every range parsed.  This is different from how rest of
			 *  the parsing works, but avoids a heavy, arbitrary size intermediate
			 *  value type to hold the ranges.
			 *
			 *  Another complication is the handling of character ranges when
			 *  case insensitive matching is used (see docs for discussion).
			 *  The range handler callback given to the lexer takes care of this
			 *  as well.
			 *
			 *  Note that duplicate ranges are not eliminated when parsing character
			 *  classes, so that canonicalization of
			 *
			 *    [0-9a-fA-Fx-{]
			 *
			 *  creates the result (note the duplicate ranges):
			 *
			 *    [0-9A-FA-FX-Z{-{]
			 *
			 *  where [x-{] is split as a result of canonicalization.  The duplicate
			 *  ranges are not a semantics issue: they work correctly.
			 */

			duk_uint32_t offset;

			DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("character class"));

			/* insert ranges instruction, range count patched in later */
			new_atom_char_length = 1;
			new_atom_start_offset = (duk_int32_t) DUK__RE_BUFLEN(re_ctx);
			duk__append_u32(re_ctx,
			                (re_ctx->curr_token.t == DUK_RETOK_ATOM_START_CHARCLASS) ?
			                DUK_REOP_RANGES : DUK_REOP_INVRANGES);
			offset = (duk_uint32_t) DUK__RE_BUFLEN(re_ctx);    /* patch in range count later */

			/* parse ranges until character class ends */
			re_ctx->nranges = 0;    /* note: ctx-wide temporary */
			duk_lexer_parse_re_ranges(&re_ctx->lex, duk__generate_ranges, (void *) re_ctx);

			/* insert range count */
			duk__insert_u32(re_ctx, offset, re_ctx->nranges);
			break;
		}
		case DUK_RETOK_ATOM_END_GROUP: {
			if (expect_eof) {
				DUK_ERROR_SYNTAX(re_ctx->thr, DUK_STR_UNEXPECTED_CLOSING_PAREN);
			}
			goto done;
		}
		case DUK_RETOK_EOF: {
			if (!expect_eof) {
				DUK_ERROR_SYNTAX(re_ctx->thr, DUK_STR_UNEXPECTED_END_OF_PATTERN);
			}
			goto done;
		}
		default: {
			DUK_ERROR_SYNTAX(re_ctx->thr, DUK_STR_UNEXPECTED_REGEXP_TOKEN);
		}
		}

		/* a complex (new) atom taints the result */
		if (new_atom_start_offset >= 0) {
			if (new_atom_char_length < 0) {
				res_charlen = -1;
			} else if (res_charlen >= 0) {
				/* only advance if not tainted */
				res_charlen += new_atom_char_length;
			}
		}

		/* record previous atom info in case next token is a quantifier */
		atom_start_offset = new_atom_start_offset;
		atom_char_length = new_atom_char_length;
		atom_start_captures = new_atom_start_captures;
	}

 done:

	/* finish up pending jump and split for last alternative */
	if (unpatched_disjunction_jump >= 0) {
		duk_uint32_t offset;

		DUK_ASSERT(unpatched_disjunction_split >= 0);
		offset = unpatched_disjunction_jump;
		offset += duk__insert_jump_offset(re_ctx,
		                                  offset,
		                                  (duk_int32_t) (DUK__RE_BUFLEN(re_ctx) - offset));
		/* offset is now target of the pending split (right after jump) */
		duk__insert_jump_offset(re_ctx,
		                        unpatched_disjunction_split,
		                        offset - unpatched_disjunction_split);
	}

#if 0
	out_atom_info->end_captures = re_ctx->captures;
#endif
	out_atom_info->charlen = res_charlen;
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("parse disjunction finished: charlen=%ld",
	                     (long) out_atom_info->charlen));

	re_ctx->recursion_depth--;
}

/*
 *  Flags parsing (see E5 Section 15.10.4.1).
 */

DUK_LOCAL duk_uint32_t duk__parse_regexp_flags(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hstring *h) {
	const duk_uint8_t *p;
	const duk_uint8_t *p_end;
	duk_uint32_t flags = 0;

	p = DUK_HSTRING_GET_DATA(h);
	p_end = p + DUK_HSTRING_GET_BYTELEN(h);

	/* Note: can be safely scanned as bytes (undecoded) */

	while (p < p_end) {
		duk_uint8_t c = *p++;
		switch ((int) c) {
		case (int) 'g': {
			if (flags & DUK_RE_FLAG_GLOBAL) {
				goto error;
			}
			flags |= DUK_RE_FLAG_GLOBAL;
			break;
		}
		case (int) 'i': {
			if (flags & DUK_RE_FLAG_IGNORE_CASE) {
				goto error;
			}
			flags |= DUK_RE_FLAG_IGNORE_CASE;
			break;
		}
		case (int) 'm': {
			if (flags & DUK_RE_FLAG_MULTILINE) {
				goto error;
			}
			flags |= DUK_RE_FLAG_MULTILINE;
			break;
		}
		default: {
			goto error;
		}
		}
	}

	return flags;

 error:
	DUK_ERROR_SYNTAX(thr, DUK_STR_INVALID_REGEXP_FLAGS);
	return 0;  /* never here */
}

/*
 *  Create escaped RegExp source (E5 Section 15.10.3).
 *
 *  The current approach is to special case the empty RegExp
 *  ('' -> '(?:)') and otherwise replace unescaped '/' characters
 *  with '\/' regardless of where they occur in the regexp.
 *
 *  Note that normalization does not seem to be necessary for
 *  RegExp literals (e.g. '/foo/') because to be acceptable as
 *  a RegExp literal, the text between forward slashes must
 *  already match the escaping requirements (e.g. must not contain
 *  unescaped forward slashes or be empty).  Escaping IS needed
 *  for expressions like 'new Regexp("...", "")' however.
 *  Currently, we re-escape in either case.
 *
 *  Also note that we process the source here in UTF-8 encoded
 *  form.  This is correct, because any non-ASCII characters are
 *  passed through without change.
 */

DUK_LOCAL void duk__create_escaped_source(duk_hthread *thr, int idx_pattern) {
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk_hstring *h;
	const duk_uint8_t *p;
	duk_bufwriter_ctx bw_alloc;
	duk_bufwriter_ctx *bw;
	duk_uint8_t *q;
	duk_size_t i, n;
	duk_uint_fast8_t c_prev, c;

	h = duk_get_hstring(ctx, idx_pattern);
	DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);
	p = (const duk_uint8_t *) DUK_HSTRING_GET_DATA(h);
	n = (duk_size_t) DUK_HSTRING_GET_BYTELEN(h);

	if (n == 0) {
		/* return '(?:)' */
		duk_push_hstring_stridx(ctx, DUK_STRIDX_ESCAPED_EMPTY_REGEXP);
		return;
	}

	bw = &bw_alloc;
	DUK_BW_INIT_PUSHBUF(thr, bw, n);
	q = DUK_BW_GET_PTR(thr, bw);

	c_prev = (duk_uint_fast8_t) 0;

	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		c = p[i];

		q = DUK_BW_ENSURE_RAW(thr, bw, 2, q);

		if (c == (duk_uint_fast8_t) '/' && c_prev != (duk_uint_fast8_t) '\\') {
			/* Unescaped '/' ANYWHERE in the regexp (in disjunction,
			 * inside a character class, ...) => same escape works.
			 */
			*q++ = DUK_ASC_BACKSLASH;
		}
		*q++ = (duk_uint8_t) c;

		c_prev = c;
	}

	DUK_BW_SETPTR_AND_COMPACT(thr, bw, q);
	duk_to_string(ctx, -1);  /* -> [ ... escaped_source ] */
}

/*
 *  Exposed regexp compilation primitive.
 *
 *  Sets up a regexp compilation context, and calls duk__parse_disjunction() to do the
 *  actual parsing.  Handles generation of the compiled regexp header and the
 *  "boilerplate" capture of the matching substring (save 0 and 1).  Also does some
 *  global level regexp checks after recursive compilation has finished.
 *
 *  An escaped version of the regexp source, suitable for use as a RegExp instance
 *  'source' property (see E5 Section 15.10.3), is also left on the stack.
 *
 *  Input stack:  [ pattern flags ]
 *  Output stack: [ bytecode escaped_source ]  (both as strings)
 */

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_regexp_compile(duk_hthread *thr) {
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk_re_compiler_ctx re_ctx;
	duk_lexer_point lex_point;
	duk_hstring *h_pattern;
	duk_hstring *h_flags;
	duk__re_disjunction_info ign_disj;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(ctx != NULL);

	/*
	 *  Args validation
	 */

	/* TypeError if fails */
	h_pattern = duk_require_hstring(ctx, -2);
	h_flags = duk_require_hstring(ctx, -1);

	/*
	 *  Create normalized 'source' property (E5 Section 15.10.3).
	 */

	/* [ ... pattern flags ] */

	duk__create_escaped_source(thr, -2);

	/* [ ... pattern flags escaped_source ] */

	/*
	 *  Init compilation context
	 */

	/* [ ... pattern flags escaped_source buffer ] */

	DUK_MEMZERO(&re_ctx, sizeof(re_ctx));
	DUK_LEXER_INITCTX(&re_ctx.lex);  /* duplicate zeroing, expect for (possible) NULL inits */
	re_ctx.thr = thr;
	re_ctx.lex.thr = thr;
	re_ctx.lex.input = DUK_HSTRING_GET_DATA(h_pattern);
	re_ctx.lex.input_length = DUK_HSTRING_GET_BYTELEN(h_pattern);
	re_ctx.lex.token_limit = DUK_RE_COMPILE_TOKEN_LIMIT;
	re_ctx.recursion_limit = DUK_USE_REGEXP_COMPILER_RECLIMIT;
	re_ctx.re_flags = duk__parse_regexp_flags(thr, h_flags);

	DUK_BW_INIT_PUSHBUF(thr, &re_ctx.bw, DUK__RE_INITIAL_BUFSIZE);

	DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("regexp compiler ctx initialized, flags=0x%08lx, recursion_limit=%ld",
	                   (unsigned long) re_ctx.re_flags, (long) re_ctx.recursion_limit));

	/*
	 *  Init lexer
	 */

	lex_point.offset = 0;  /* expensive init, just want to fill window */
	lex_point.line = 1;
	DUK_LEXER_SETPOINT(&re_ctx.lex, &lex_point);

	/*
	 *  Compilation
	 */

	DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("starting regexp compilation"));

	duk__append_u32(&re_ctx, DUK_REOP_SAVE);
	duk__append_u32(&re_ctx, 0);
	duk__parse_disjunction(&re_ctx, 1 /*expect_eof*/, &ign_disj);
	duk__append_u32(&re_ctx, DUK_REOP_SAVE);
	duk__append_u32(&re_ctx, 1);
	duk__append_u32(&re_ctx, DUK_REOP_MATCH);

	/*
	 *  Check for invalid backreferences; note that it is NOT an error
	 *  to back-reference a capture group which has not yet been introduced
	 *  in the pattern (as in /\1(foo)/); in fact, the backreference will
	 *  always match!  It IS an error to back-reference a capture group
	 *  which will never be introduced in the pattern.  Thus, we can check
	 *  for such references only after parsing is complete.
	 */

	if (re_ctx.highest_backref > re_ctx.captures) {
		DUK_ERROR_SYNTAX(thr, DUK_STR_INVALID_BACKREFS);
	}

	/*
	 *  Emit compiled regexp header: flags, ncaptures
	 *  (insertion order inverted on purpose)
	 */

	duk__insert_u32(&re_ctx, 0, (re_ctx.captures + 1) * 2);
	duk__insert_u32(&re_ctx, 0, re_ctx.re_flags);

	/* [ ... pattern flags escaped_source buffer ] */

	DUK_BW_COMPACT(thr, &re_ctx.bw);
	duk_to_string(ctx, -1);  /* coerce to string */

	/* [ ... pattern flags escaped_source bytecode ] */

	/*
	 *  Finalize stack
	 */

	duk_remove(ctx, -4);     /* -> [ ... flags escaped_source bytecode ] */
	duk_remove(ctx, -3);     /* -> [ ... escaped_source bytecode ] */

	DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("regexp compilation successful, bytecode: %!T, escaped source: %!T",
	                   (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1), (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -2)));
}

/*
 *  Create a RegExp instance (E5 Section 15.10.7).
 *
 *  Note: the output stack left by duk_regexp_compile() is directly compatible
 *  with the input here.
 *
 *  Input stack:  [ escaped_source bytecode ]  (both as strings)
 *  Output stack: [ RegExp ]
 */

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_regexp_create_instance(duk_hthread *thr) {
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk_hobject *h;
	duk_hstring *h_bc;
	duk_small_int_t re_flags;

	/* [ ... escape_source bytecode ] */

	h_bc = duk_get_hstring(ctx, -1);
	DUK_ASSERT(h_bc != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HSTRING_GET_BYTELEN(h_bc) >= 1);          /* always at least the header */
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HSTRING_GET_CHARLEN(h_bc) >= 1);
	DUK_ASSERT((duk_small_int_t) DUK_HSTRING_GET_DATA(h_bc)[0] < 0x80);  /* flags always encodes to 1 byte */
	re_flags = (duk_small_int_t) DUK_HSTRING_GET_DATA(h_bc)[0];

	/* [ ... escaped_source bytecode ] */

	duk_push_object(ctx);
	h = duk_get_hobject(ctx, -1);
	DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);
	duk_insert(ctx, -3);

	/* [ ... regexp_object escaped_source bytecode ] */

	DUK_HOBJECT_SET_CLASS_NUMBER(h, DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_REGEXP);
	DUK_HOBJECT_SET_PROTOTYPE_UPDREF(thr, h, thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_REGEXP_PROTOTYPE]);

	duk_xdef_prop_stridx(ctx, -3, DUK_STRIDX_INT_BYTECODE, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_NONE);

	/* [ ... regexp_object escaped_source ] */

	duk_xdef_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_SOURCE, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_NONE);

	/* [ ... regexp_object ] */

	duk_push_boolean(ctx, (re_flags & DUK_RE_FLAG_GLOBAL));
	duk_xdef_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_GLOBAL, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_NONE);

	duk_push_boolean(ctx, (re_flags & DUK_RE_FLAG_IGNORE_CASE));
	duk_xdef_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_IGNORE_CASE, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_NONE);

	duk_push_boolean(ctx, (re_flags & DUK_RE_FLAG_MULTILINE));
	duk_xdef_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_MULTILINE, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_NONE);

	duk_push_int(ctx, 0);
	duk_xdef_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_LAST_INDEX, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_W);

	/* [ ... regexp_object ] */
}

#undef DUK__RE_BUFLEN

#else  /* DUK_USE_REGEXP_SUPPORT */

/* regexp support disabled */

#endif  /* DUK_USE_REGEXP_SUPPORT */
/*
 *  Regexp executor.
 *
 *  Safety: the Ecmascript executor should prevent user from reading and
 *  replacing regexp bytecode.  Even so, the executor must validate all
 *  memory accesses etc.  When an invalid access is detected (e.g. a 'save'
 *  opcode to invalid, unallocated index) it should fail with an internal
 *  error but not cause a segmentation fault.
 *
 *  Notes:
 *
 *    - Backtrack counts are limited to unsigned 32 bits but should
 *      technically be duk_size_t for strings longer than 4G chars.
 *      This also requires a regexp bytecode change.
 */

/* include removed: duk_internal.h */

#ifdef DUK_USE_REGEXP_SUPPORT

/*
 *  Helpers for UTF-8 handling
 *
 *  For bytecode readers the duk_uint32_t and duk_int32_t types are correct
 *  because they're used for more than just codepoints.
 */

DUK_LOCAL duk_uint32_t duk__bc_get_u32(duk_re_matcher_ctx *re_ctx, const duk_uint8_t **pc) {
	return (duk_uint32_t) duk_unicode_decode_xutf8_checked(re_ctx->thr, pc, re_ctx->bytecode, re_ctx->bytecode_end);
}

DUK_LOCAL duk_int32_t duk__bc_get_i32(duk_re_matcher_ctx *re_ctx, const duk_uint8_t **pc) {
	duk_uint32_t t;

	/* signed integer encoding needed to work with UTF-8 */
	t = (duk_uint32_t) duk_unicode_decode_xutf8_checked(re_ctx->thr, pc, re_ctx->bytecode, re_ctx->bytecode_end);
	if (t & 1) {
		return -((duk_int32_t) (t >> 1));
	} else {
		return (duk_int32_t) (t >> 1);
	}
}

DUK_LOCAL const duk_uint8_t *duk__utf8_backtrack(duk_hthread *thr, const duk_uint8_t **ptr, const duk_uint8_t *ptr_start, const duk_uint8_t *ptr_end, duk_uint_fast32_t count) {
	const duk_uint8_t *p;

	/* Note: allow backtracking from p == ptr_end */
	p = *ptr;
	if (p < ptr_start || p > ptr_end) {
		goto fail;
	}

	while (count > 0) {
		for (;;) {
			p--;
			if (p < ptr_start) {
				goto fail;
			}
			if ((*p & 0xc0) != 0x80) {
				/* utf-8 continuation bytes have the form 10xx xxxx */
				break;
			}
		}
		count--;
	}
	*ptr = p;
	return p;

 fail:
	DUK_ERROR_INTERNAL_DEFMSG(thr);
	return NULL;  /* never here */
}

DUK_LOCAL const duk_uint8_t *duk__utf8_advance(duk_hthread *thr, const duk_uint8_t **ptr, const duk_uint8_t *ptr_start, const duk_uint8_t *ptr_end, duk_uint_fast32_t count) {
	const duk_uint8_t *p;

	p = *ptr;
	if (p < ptr_start || p >= ptr_end) {
		goto fail;
	}

	while (count > 0) {
		for (;;) {
			p++;

			/* Note: if encoding ends by hitting end of input, we don't check that
			 * the encoding is valid, we just assume it is.
			 */
			if (p >= ptr_end || ((*p & 0xc0) != 0x80)) {
				/* utf-8 continuation bytes have the form 10xx xxxx */
				break;
			}
		}
		count--;
	}

	*ptr = p;
	return p;

 fail:
	DUK_ERROR_INTERNAL_DEFMSG(thr);
	return NULL;  /* never here */
}

/*
 *  Helpers for dealing with the input string
 */

/* Get a (possibly canonicalized) input character from current sp.  The input
 * itself is never modified, and captures always record non-canonicalized
 * characters even in case-insensitive matching.
 */
DUK_LOCAL duk_codepoint_t duk__inp_get_cp(duk_re_matcher_ctx *re_ctx, const duk_uint8_t **sp) {
	duk_codepoint_t res = (duk_codepoint_t) duk_unicode_decode_xutf8_checked(re_ctx->thr, sp, re_ctx->input, re_ctx->input_end);
	if (re_ctx->re_flags & DUK_RE_FLAG_IGNORE_CASE) {
		res = duk_unicode_re_canonicalize_char(re_ctx->thr, res);
	}
	return res;
}

DUK_LOCAL const duk_uint8_t *duk__inp_backtrack(duk_re_matcher_ctx *re_ctx, const duk_uint8_t **sp, duk_uint_fast32_t count) {
	return duk__utf8_backtrack(re_ctx->thr, sp, re_ctx->input, re_ctx->input_end, count);
}

/* Backtrack utf-8 input and return a (possibly canonicalized) input character. */
DUK_LOCAL duk_codepoint_t duk__inp_get_prev_cp(duk_re_matcher_ctx *re_ctx, const duk_uint8_t *sp) {
	/* note: caller 'sp' is intentionally not updated here */
	(void) duk__inp_backtrack(re_ctx, &sp, (duk_uint_fast32_t) 1);
	return duk__inp_get_cp(re_ctx, &sp);
}

/*
 *  Regexp recursive matching function.
 *
 *  Returns 'sp' on successful match (points to character after last matched one),
 *  NULL otherwise.
 *
 *  The C recursion depth limit check is only performed in this function, this
 *  suffices because the function is present in all true recursion required by
 *  regexp execution.
 */

DUK_LOCAL const duk_uint8_t *duk__match_regexp(duk_re_matcher_ctx *re_ctx, const duk_uint8_t *pc, const duk_uint8_t *sp) {
	if (re_ctx->recursion_depth >= re_ctx->recursion_limit) {
		DUK_ERROR_RANGE(re_ctx->thr, DUK_STR_REGEXP_EXECUTOR_RECURSION_LIMIT);
	}
	re_ctx->recursion_depth++;

	for (;;) {
		duk_small_int_t op;

		if (re_ctx->steps_count >= re_ctx->steps_limit) {
			DUK_ERROR_RANGE(re_ctx->thr, DUK_STR_REGEXP_EXECUTOR_STEP_LIMIT);
		}
		re_ctx->steps_count++;

		op = (duk_small_int_t) duk__bc_get_u32(re_ctx, &pc);

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("match: rec=%ld, steps=%ld, pc (after op)=%ld, sp=%ld, op=%ld",
		                     (long) re_ctx->recursion_depth,
		                     (long) re_ctx->steps_count,
		                     (long) (pc - re_ctx->bytecode),
		                     (long) (sp - re_ctx->input),
		                     (long) op));

		switch (op) {
		case DUK_REOP_MATCH: {
			goto match;
		}
		case DUK_REOP_CHAR: {
			/*
			 *  Byte-based matching would be possible for case-sensitive
			 *  matching but not for case-insensitive matching.  So, we
			 *  match by decoding the input and bytecode character normally.
			 *
			 *  Bytecode characters are assumed to be already canonicalized.
			 *  Input characters are canonicalized automatically by
			 *  duk__inp_get_cp() if necessary.
			 *
			 *  There is no opcode for matching multiple characters.  The
			 *  regexp compiler has trouble joining strings efficiently
			 *  during compilation.  See doc/regexp.rst for more discussion.
			 */
			duk_codepoint_t c1, c2;

			c1 = (duk_codepoint_t) duk__bc_get_u32(re_ctx, &pc);
			DUK_ASSERT(!(re_ctx->re_flags & DUK_RE_FLAG_IGNORE_CASE) ||
			           c1 == duk_unicode_re_canonicalize_char(re_ctx->thr, c1));  /* canonicalized by compiler */
			if (sp >= re_ctx->input_end) {
				goto fail;
			}
			c2 = duk__inp_get_cp(re_ctx, &sp);
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("char match, c1=%ld, c2=%ld", (long) c1, (long) c2));
			if (c1 != c2) {
				goto fail;
			}
			break;
		}
		case DUK_REOP_PERIOD: {
			duk_codepoint_t c;

			if (sp >= re_ctx->input_end) {
				goto fail;
			}
			c = duk__inp_get_cp(re_ctx, &sp);
			if (duk_unicode_is_line_terminator(c)) {
				/* E5 Sections 15.10.2.8, 7.3 */
				goto fail;
			}
			break;
		}
		case DUK_REOP_RANGES:
		case DUK_REOP_INVRANGES: {
			duk_uint32_t n;
			duk_codepoint_t c;
			duk_small_int_t match;

			n = duk__bc_get_u32(re_ctx, &pc);
			if (sp >= re_ctx->input_end) {
				goto fail;
			}
			c = duk__inp_get_cp(re_ctx, &sp);

			match = 0;
			while (n) {
				duk_codepoint_t r1, r2;
				r1 = (duk_codepoint_t) duk__bc_get_u32(re_ctx, &pc);
				r2 = (duk_codepoint_t) duk__bc_get_u32(re_ctx, &pc);
				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("matching ranges/invranges, n=%ld, r1=%ld, r2=%ld, c=%ld",
				                     (long) n, (long) r1, (long) r2, (long) c));
				if (c >= r1 && c <= r2) {
					/* Note: don't bail out early, we must read all the ranges from
					 * bytecode.  Another option is to skip them efficiently after
					 * breaking out of here.  Prefer smallest code.
					 */
					match = 1;
				}
				n--;
			}

			if (op == DUK_REOP_RANGES) {
				if (!match) {
					goto fail;
				}
			} else {
				DUK_ASSERT(op == DUK_REOP_INVRANGES);
				if (match) {
					goto fail;
				}
			}
			break;
		}
		case DUK_REOP_ASSERT_START: {
			duk_codepoint_t c;

			if (sp <= re_ctx->input) {
				break;
			}
			if (!(re_ctx->re_flags & DUK_RE_FLAG_MULTILINE)) {
				goto fail;
			}
			c = duk__inp_get_prev_cp(re_ctx, sp);
			if (duk_unicode_is_line_terminator(c)) {
				/* E5 Sections 15.10.2.8, 7.3 */
				break;
			}
			goto fail;
		}
		case DUK_REOP_ASSERT_END: {
			duk_codepoint_t c;
			const duk_uint8_t *tmp_sp;

			if (sp >= re_ctx->input_end) {
				break;
			}
			if (!(re_ctx->re_flags & DUK_RE_FLAG_MULTILINE)) {
				goto fail;
			}
			tmp_sp = sp;
			c = duk__inp_get_cp(re_ctx, &tmp_sp);
			if (duk_unicode_is_line_terminator(c)) {
				/* E5 Sections 15.10.2.8, 7.3 */
				break;
			}
			goto fail;
		}
		case DUK_REOP_ASSERT_WORD_BOUNDARY:
		case DUK_REOP_ASSERT_NOT_WORD_BOUNDARY: {
			/*
			 *  E5 Section 15.10.2.6.  The previous and current character
			 *  should -not- be canonicalized as they are now.  However,
			 *  canonicalization does not affect the result of IsWordChar()
			 *  (which depends on Unicode characters never canonicalizing
			 *  into ASCII characters) so this does not matter.
			 */
			duk_small_int_t w1, w2;

			if (sp <= re_ctx->input) {
				w1 = 0;  /* not a wordchar */
			} else {
				duk_codepoint_t c;
				c = duk__inp_get_prev_cp(re_ctx, sp);
				w1 = duk_unicode_re_is_wordchar(c);
			}
			if (sp >= re_ctx->input_end) {
				w2 = 0;  /* not a wordchar */
			} else {
				const duk_uint8_t *tmp_sp = sp;  /* dummy so sp won't get updated */
				duk_codepoint_t c;
				c = duk__inp_get_cp(re_ctx, &tmp_sp);
				w2 = duk_unicode_re_is_wordchar(c);
			}

			if (op == DUK_REOP_ASSERT_WORD_BOUNDARY) {
				if (w1 == w2) {
					goto fail;
				}
			} else {
				DUK_ASSERT(op == DUK_REOP_ASSERT_NOT_WORD_BOUNDARY);
				if (w1 != w2) {
					goto fail;
				}
			}
			break;
		}
		case DUK_REOP_JUMP: {
			duk_int32_t skip;

			skip = duk__bc_get_i32(re_ctx, &pc);
			pc += skip;
			break;
		}
		case DUK_REOP_SPLIT1: {
			/* split1: prefer direct execution (no jump) */
			const duk_uint8_t *sub_sp;
			duk_int32_t skip;

			skip = duk__bc_get_i32(re_ctx, &pc);
			sub_sp = duk__match_regexp(re_ctx, pc, sp);
			if (sub_sp) {
				sp = sub_sp;
				goto match;
			}
			pc += skip;
			break;
		}
		case DUK_REOP_SPLIT2: {
			/* split2: prefer jump execution (not direct) */
			const duk_uint8_t *sub_sp;
			duk_int32_t skip;

			skip = duk__bc_get_i32(re_ctx, &pc);
			sub_sp = duk__match_regexp(re_ctx, pc + skip, sp);
			if (sub_sp) {
				sp = sub_sp;
				goto match;
			}
			break;
		}
		case DUK_REOP_SQMINIMAL: {
			duk_uint32_t q, qmin, qmax;
			duk_int32_t skip;
			const duk_uint8_t *sub_sp;

			qmin = duk__bc_get_u32(re_ctx, &pc);
			qmax = duk__bc_get_u32(re_ctx, &pc);
			skip = duk__bc_get_i32(re_ctx, &pc);
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("minimal quantifier, qmin=%lu, qmax=%lu, skip=%ld",
			                     (unsigned long) qmin, (unsigned long) qmax, (long) skip));

			q = 0;
			while (q <= qmax) {
				if (q >= qmin) {
					sub_sp = duk__match_regexp(re_ctx, pc + skip, sp);
					if (sub_sp) {
						sp = sub_sp;
						goto match;
					}
				}
				sub_sp = duk__match_regexp(re_ctx, pc, sp);
				if (!sub_sp) {
					break;
				}
				sp = sub_sp;
				q++;
			}
			goto fail;
		}
		case DUK_REOP_SQGREEDY: {
			duk_uint32_t q, qmin, qmax, atomlen;
			duk_int32_t skip;
			const duk_uint8_t *sub_sp;

			qmin = duk__bc_get_u32(re_ctx, &pc);
			qmax = duk__bc_get_u32(re_ctx, &pc);
			atomlen = duk__bc_get_u32(re_ctx, &pc);
			skip = duk__bc_get_i32(re_ctx, &pc);
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("greedy quantifier, qmin=%lu, qmax=%lu, atomlen=%lu, skip=%ld",
			                     (unsigned long) qmin, (unsigned long) qmax, (unsigned long) atomlen, (long) skip));

			q = 0;
			while (q < qmax) {
				sub_sp = duk__match_regexp(re_ctx, pc, sp);
				if (!sub_sp) {
					break;
				}
				sp = sub_sp;
				q++;
			}
			while (q >= qmin) {
				sub_sp = duk__match_regexp(re_ctx, pc + skip, sp);
				if (sub_sp) {
					sp = sub_sp;
					goto match;
				}
				if (q == qmin) {
					break;
				}

				/* Note: if atom were to contain e.g. captures, we would need to
				 * re-match the atom to get correct captures.  Simply quantifiers
				 * do not allow captures in their atom now, so this is not an issue.
				 */

				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("greedy quantifier, backtrack %ld characters (atomlen)",
				                     (long) atomlen));
				sp = duk__inp_backtrack(re_ctx, &sp, (duk_uint_fast32_t) atomlen);
				q--;
			}
			goto fail;
		}
		case DUK_REOP_SAVE: {
			duk_uint32_t idx;
			const duk_uint8_t *old;
			const duk_uint8_t *sub_sp;

			idx = duk__bc_get_u32(re_ctx, &pc);
			if (idx >= re_ctx->nsaved) {
				/* idx is unsigned, < 0 check is not necessary */
				DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("internal error, regexp save index insane: idx=%ld", (long) idx));
				goto internal_error;
			}
			old = re_ctx->saved[idx];
			re_ctx->saved[idx] = sp;
			sub_sp = duk__match_regexp(re_ctx, pc, sp);
			if (sub_sp) {
				sp = sub_sp;
				goto match;
			}
			re_ctx->saved[idx] = old;
			goto fail;
		}
		case DUK_REOP_WIPERANGE: {
			/* Wipe capture range and save old values for backtracking.
			 *
			 * XXX: this typically happens with a relatively small idx_count.
			 * It might be useful to handle cases where the count is small
			 * (say <= 8) by saving the values in stack instead.  This would
			 * reduce memory churn and improve performance, at the cost of a
			 * slightly higher code footprint.
			 */
			duk_uint32_t idx_start, idx_count;
#ifdef DUK_USE_EXPLICIT_NULL_INIT
			duk_uint32_t idx_end, idx;
#endif
			duk_uint8_t **range_save;
			const duk_uint8_t *sub_sp;

			idx_start = duk__bc_get_u32(re_ctx, &pc);
			idx_count = duk__bc_get_u32(re_ctx, &pc);
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("wipe saved range: start=%ld, count=%ld -> [%ld,%ld] (captures [%ld,%ld])",
			                     (long) idx_start, (long) idx_count,
			                     (long) idx_start, (long) (idx_start + idx_count - 1),
			                     (long) (idx_start / 2), (long) ((idx_start + idx_count - 1) / 2)));
			if (idx_start + idx_count > re_ctx->nsaved || idx_count == 0) {
				/* idx is unsigned, < 0 check is not necessary */
				DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("internal error, regexp wipe indices insane: idx_start=%ld, idx_count=%ld",
				                 (long) idx_start, (long) idx_count));
				goto internal_error;
			}
			DUK_ASSERT(idx_count > 0);

			duk_require_stack((duk_context *) re_ctx->thr, 1);
			range_save = (duk_uint8_t **) duk_push_fixed_buffer((duk_context *) re_ctx->thr,
			                                                    sizeof(duk_uint8_t *) * idx_count);
			DUK_ASSERT(range_save != NULL);
			DUK_MEMCPY(range_save, re_ctx->saved + idx_start, sizeof(duk_uint8_t *) * idx_count);
#ifdef DUK_USE_EXPLICIT_NULL_INIT
			idx_end = idx_start + idx_count;
			for (idx = idx_start; idx < idx_end; idx++) {
				re_ctx->saved[idx] = NULL;
			}
#else
			DUK_MEMZERO((void *) (re_ctx->saved + idx_start), sizeof(duk_uint8_t *) * idx_count);
#endif

			sub_sp = duk__match_regexp(re_ctx, pc, sp);
			if (sub_sp) {
				/* match: keep wiped/resaved values */
				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("match: keep wiped/resaved values [%ld,%ld] (captures [%ld,%ld])",
				                     (long) idx_start, (long) (idx_start + idx_count - 1),
			                             (long) (idx_start / 2), (long) ((idx_start + idx_count - 1) / 2)));
				duk_pop((duk_context *) re_ctx->thr);
				sp = sub_sp;
				goto match;
			}

			/* fail: restore saves */
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("fail: restore wiped/resaved values [%ld,%ld] (captures [%ld,%ld])",
			                     (long) idx_start, (long) (idx_start + idx_count - 1),
			                     (long) (idx_start / 2), (long) ((idx_start + idx_count - 1) / 2)));
			DUK_MEMCPY((void *) (re_ctx->saved + idx_start),
			           (const void *) range_save,
			           sizeof(duk_uint8_t *) * idx_count);
			duk_pop((duk_context *) re_ctx->thr);
			goto fail;
		}
		case DUK_REOP_LOOKPOS:
		case DUK_REOP_LOOKNEG: {
			/*
			 *  Needs a save of multiple saved[] entries depending on what range
			 *  may be overwritten.  Because the regexp parser does no such analysis,
			 *  we currently save the entire saved array here.  Lookaheads are thus
			 *  a bit expensive.  Note that the saved array is not needed for just
			 *  the lookahead sub-match, but for the matching of the entire sequel.
			 *
			 *  The temporary save buffer is pushed on to the valstack to handle
			 *  errors correctly.  Each lookahead causes a C recursion and pushes
			 *  more stuff on the value stack.  If the C recursion limit is less
			 *  than the value stack spare, there is no need to check the stack.
			 *  We do so regardless, just in case.
			 */

			duk_int32_t skip;
			duk_uint8_t **full_save;
			const duk_uint8_t *sub_sp;

			DUK_ASSERT(re_ctx->nsaved > 0);

			duk_require_stack((duk_context *) re_ctx->thr, 1);
			full_save = (duk_uint8_t **) duk_push_fixed_buffer((duk_context *) re_ctx->thr,
			                                                   sizeof(duk_uint8_t *) * re_ctx->nsaved);
			DUK_ASSERT(full_save != NULL);
			DUK_MEMCPY(full_save, re_ctx->saved, sizeof(duk_uint8_t *) * re_ctx->nsaved);

			skip = duk__bc_get_i32(re_ctx, &pc);
			sub_sp = duk__match_regexp(re_ctx, pc, sp);
			if (op == DUK_REOP_LOOKPOS) {
				if (!sub_sp) {
					goto lookahead_fail;
				}
			} else {
				if (sub_sp) {
					goto lookahead_fail;
				}
			}
			sub_sp = duk__match_regexp(re_ctx, pc + skip, sp);
			if (sub_sp) {
				/* match: keep saves */
				duk_pop((duk_context *) re_ctx->thr);
				sp = sub_sp;
				goto match;
			}

			/* fall through */

		 lookahead_fail:
			/* fail: restore saves */
			DUK_MEMCPY((void *) re_ctx->saved,
			           (const void *) full_save,
			           sizeof(duk_uint8_t *) * re_ctx->nsaved);
			duk_pop((duk_context *) re_ctx->thr);
			goto fail;
		}
		case DUK_REOP_BACKREFERENCE: {
			/*
			 *  Byte matching for back-references would be OK in case-
			 *  sensitive matching.  In case-insensitive matching we need
			 *  to canonicalize characters, so back-reference matching needs
			 *  to be done with codepoints instead.  So, we just decode
			 *  everything normally here, too.
			 *
			 *  Note: back-reference index which is 0 or higher than
			 *  NCapturingParens (= number of capturing parens in the
			 *  -entire- regexp) is a compile time error.  However, a
			 *  backreference referring to a valid capture which has
			 *  not matched anything always succeeds!  See E5 Section
			 *  15.10.2.9, step 5, sub-step 3.
			 */
			duk_uint32_t idx;
			const duk_uint8_t *p;

			idx = duk__bc_get_u32(re_ctx, &pc);
			idx = idx << 1;  /* backref n -> saved indices [n*2, n*2+1] */
			if (idx < 2 || idx + 1 >= re_ctx->nsaved) {
				/* regexp compiler should catch these */
				DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("internal error, backreference index insane"));
				goto internal_error;
			}
			if (!re_ctx->saved[idx] || !re_ctx->saved[idx+1]) {
				/* capture is 'undefined', always matches! */
				DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("backreference: saved[%ld,%ld] not complete, always match",
				                     (long) idx, (long) (idx + 1)));
				break;
			}
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("backreference: match saved[%ld,%ld]", (long) idx, (long) (idx + 1)));

			p = re_ctx->saved[idx];
			while (p < re_ctx->saved[idx+1]) {
				duk_codepoint_t c1, c2;

				/* Note: not necessary to check p against re_ctx->input_end:
				 * the memory access is checked by duk__inp_get_cp(), while
				 * valid compiled regexps cannot write a saved[] entry
				 * which points to outside the string.
				 */
				if (sp >= re_ctx->input_end) {
					goto fail;
				}
				c1 = duk__inp_get_cp(re_ctx, &p);
				c2 = duk__inp_get_cp(re_ctx, &sp);
				if (c1 != c2) {
					goto fail;
				}
			}
			break;
		}
		default: {
			DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("internal error, regexp opcode error: %ld", (long) op));
			goto internal_error;
		}
		}
	}

 match:
	re_ctx->recursion_depth--;
	return sp;

 fail:
	re_ctx->recursion_depth--;
	return NULL;

 internal_error:
	DUK_ERROR_INTERNAL_DEFMSG(re_ctx->thr);
	return NULL;  /* never here */
}

/*
 *  Exposed matcher function which provides the semantics of RegExp.prototype.exec().
 *
 *  RegExp.prototype.test() has the same semantics as exec() but does not return the
 *  result object (which contains the matching string and capture groups).  Currently
 *  there is no separate test() helper, so a temporary result object is created and
 *  discarded if test() is needed.  This is intentional, to save code space.
 *
 *  Input stack:  [ ... re_obj input ]
 *  Output stack: [ ... result ]
 */

DUK_LOCAL void duk__regexp_match_helper(duk_hthread *thr, duk_small_int_t force_global) {
	duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
	duk_re_matcher_ctx re_ctx;
	duk_hobject *h_regexp;
	duk_hstring *h_bytecode;
	duk_hstring *h_input;
	duk_uint8_t *p_buf;
	const duk_uint8_t *pc;
	const duk_uint8_t *sp;
	duk_small_int_t match = 0;
	duk_small_int_t global;
	duk_uint_fast32_t i;
	double d;
	duk_uint32_t char_offset;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(ctx != NULL);

	DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("regexp match: regexp=%!T, input=%!T",
	                   (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -2),
	                   (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));

	/*
	 *  Regexp instance check, bytecode check, input coercion.
	 *
	 *  See E5 Section 15.10.6.
	 */

	/* TypeError if wrong; class check, see E5 Section 15.10.6 */
	h_regexp = duk_require_hobject_with_class(ctx, -2, DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_REGEXP);
	DUK_ASSERT(h_regexp != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_GET_CLASS_NUMBER(h_regexp) == DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_REGEXP);
	DUK_UNREF(h_regexp);

	duk_to_string(ctx, -1);
	h_input = duk_get_hstring(ctx, -1);
	DUK_ASSERT(h_input != NULL);

	duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_INT_BYTECODE);  /* [ ... re_obj input ] -> [ ... re_obj input bc ] */
	h_bytecode = duk_require_hstring(ctx, -1);  /* no regexp instance should exist without a non-configurable bytecode property */
	DUK_ASSERT(h_bytecode != NULL);

	/*
	 *  Basic context initialization.
	 *
	 *  Some init values are read from the bytecode header
	 *  whose format is (UTF-8 codepoints):
	 *
	 *    uint   flags
	 *    uint   nsaved (even, 2n+2 where n = num captures)
	 */

	/* [ ... re_obj input bc ] */

	DUK_MEMZERO(&re_ctx, sizeof(re_ctx));

	re_ctx.thr = thr;
	re_ctx.input = (const duk_uint8_t *) DUK_HSTRING_GET_DATA(h_input);
	re_ctx.input_end = re_ctx.input + DUK_HSTRING_GET_BYTELEN(h_input);
	re_ctx.bytecode = (const duk_uint8_t *) DUK_HSTRING_GET_DATA(h_bytecode);
	re_ctx.bytecode_end = re_ctx.bytecode + DUK_HSTRING_GET_BYTELEN(h_bytecode);
	re_ctx.saved = NULL;
	re_ctx.recursion_limit = DUK_USE_REGEXP_EXECUTOR_RECLIMIT;
	re_ctx.steps_limit = DUK_RE_EXECUTE_STEPS_LIMIT;

	/* read header */
	pc = re_ctx.bytecode;
	re_ctx.re_flags = duk__bc_get_u32(&re_ctx, &pc);
	re_ctx.nsaved = duk__bc_get_u32(&re_ctx, &pc);
	re_ctx.bytecode = pc;

	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_RE_FLAG_GLOBAL < 0x10000UL);  /* must fit into duk_small_int_t */
	global = (duk_small_int_t) (force_global | (re_ctx.re_flags & DUK_RE_FLAG_GLOBAL));

	DUK_ASSERT(re_ctx.nsaved >= 2);
	DUK_ASSERT((re_ctx.nsaved % 2) == 0);

	p_buf = (duk_uint8_t *) duk_push_fixed_buffer(ctx, sizeof(duk_uint8_t *) * re_ctx.nsaved);
	DUK_UNREF(p_buf);
	re_ctx.saved = (const duk_uint8_t **) duk_get_buffer(ctx, -1, NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(re_ctx.saved != NULL);

	/* [ ... re_obj input bc saved_buf ] */

#if defined(DUK_USE_EXPLICIT_NULL_INIT)
	for (i = 0; i < re_ctx.nsaved; i++) {
		re_ctx.saved[i] = (duk_uint8_t *) NULL;
	}
#elif defined(DUK_USE_ZERO_BUFFER_DATA)
	/* buffer is automatically zeroed */
#else
	DUK_MEMZERO((void *) p_buf, sizeof(duk_uint8_t *) * re_ctx.nsaved);
#endif

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("regexp ctx initialized, flags=0x%08lx, nsaved=%ld, recursion_limit=%ld, steps_limit=%ld",
	                     (unsigned long) re_ctx.re_flags, (long) re_ctx.nsaved, (long) re_ctx.recursion_limit,
	                     (long) re_ctx.steps_limit));

	/*
	 *  Get starting character offset for match, and initialize 'sp' based on it.
	 *
	 *  Note: lastIndex is non-configurable so it must be present (we check the
	 *  internal class of the object above, so we know it is).  User code can set
	 *  its value to an arbitrary (garbage) value though; E5 requires that lastIndex
	 *  be coerced to a number before using.  The code below works even if the
	 *  property is missing: the value will then be coerced to zero.
	 *
	 *  Note: lastIndex may be outside Uint32 range even after ToInteger() coercion.
	 *  For instance, ToInteger(+Infinity) = +Infinity.  We track the match offset
	 *  as an integer, but pre-check it to be inside the 32-bit range before the loop.
	 *  If not, the check in E5 Section 15.10.6.2, step 9.a applies.
	 */

	/* XXX: lastIndex handling produces a lot of asm */

	/* [ ... re_obj input bc saved_buf ] */

	duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, -4, DUK_STRIDX_LAST_INDEX);  /* -> [ ... re_obj input bc saved_buf lastIndex ] */
	(void) duk_to_int(ctx, -1);  /* ToInteger(lastIndex) */
	d = duk_get_number(ctx, -1);  /* integer, but may be +/- Infinite, +/- zero (not NaN, though) */
	duk_pop(ctx);

	if (global) {
		if (d < 0.0 || d > (double) DUK_HSTRING_GET_CHARLEN(h_input)) {
			/* match fail */
			char_offset = 0;   /* not really necessary */
			DUK_ASSERT(match == 0);
			goto match_over;
		}
		char_offset = (duk_uint32_t) d;
	} else {
		/* lastIndex must be ignored for non-global regexps, but get the
		 * value for (theoretical) side effects.  No side effects can
		 * really occur, because lastIndex is a normal property and is
		 * always non-configurable for RegExp instances.
		 */
		char_offset = (duk_uint32_t) 0;
	}

	sp = re_ctx.input + duk_heap_strcache_offset_char2byte(thr, h_input, char_offset);

	/*
	 *  Match loop.
	 *
	 *  Try matching at different offsets until match found or input exhausted.
	 */

	/* [ ... re_obj input bc saved_buf ] */

	DUK_ASSERT(match == 0);

	for (;;) {
		/* char offset in [0, h_input->clen] (both ends inclusive), checked before entry */
		DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(char_offset >= 0);
		DUK_ASSERT(char_offset <= DUK_HSTRING_GET_CHARLEN(h_input));

		/* Note: ctx.steps is intentionally not reset, it applies to the entire unanchored match */
		DUK_ASSERT(re_ctx.recursion_depth == 0);

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("attempt match at char offset %ld; %p [%p,%p]",
		                     (long) char_offset, (const void *) sp,
		                     (const void *) re_ctx.input, (const void *) re_ctx.input_end));

		/*
		 *  Note:
		 *
		 *    - duk__match_regexp() is required not to longjmp() in ordinary "non-match"
		 *      conditions; a longjmp() will terminate the entire matching process.
		 *
		 *    - Clearing saved[] is not necessary because backtracking does it
		 *
		 *    - Backtracking also rewinds ctx.recursion back to zero, unless an
		 *      internal/limit error occurs (which causes a longjmp())
		 *
		 *    - If we supported anchored matches, we would break out here
		 *      unconditionally; however, Ecmascript regexps don't have anchored
		 *      matches.  It might make sense to implement a fast bail-out if
		 *      the regexp begins with '^' and sp is not 0: currently we'll just
		 *      run through the entire input string, trivially failing the match
		 *      at every non-zero offset.
		 */

		if (duk__match_regexp(&re_ctx, re_ctx.bytecode, sp) != NULL) {
			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("match at offset %ld", (long) char_offset));
			match = 1;
			break;
		}

		/* advance by one character (code point) and one char_offset */
		char_offset++;
		if (char_offset > DUK_HSTRING_GET_CHARLEN(h_input)) {
			/*
			 *  Note:
			 *
			 *    - Intentionally attempt (empty) match at char_offset == k_input->clen
			 *
			 *    - Negative char_offsets have been eliminated and char_offset is duk_uint32_t
			 *      -> no need or use for a negative check
			 */

			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("no match after trying all sp offsets"));
			break;
		}

		/* avoid calling at end of input, will DUK_ERROR (above check suffices to avoid this) */
		(void) duk__utf8_advance(thr, &sp, re_ctx.input, re_ctx.input_end, (duk_uint_fast32_t) 1);
	}

 match_over:

	/*
	 *  Matching complete, create result array or return a 'null'.  Update lastIndex
	 *  if necessary.  See E5 Section 15.10.6.2.
	 *
	 *  Because lastIndex is a character (not byte) offset, we need the character
	 *  length of the match which we conveniently get as a side effect of interning
	 *  the matching substring (0th index of result array).
	 *
	 *  saved[0]         start pointer (~ byte offset) of current match
	 *  saved[1]         end pointer (~ byte offset) of current match (exclusive)
	 *  char_offset      start character offset of current match (-> .index of result)
	 *  char_end_offset  end character offset (computed below)
	 */

	/* [ ... re_obj input bc saved_buf ] */

	if (match) {
#ifdef DUK_USE_ASSERTIONS
		duk_hobject *h_res;
#endif
		duk_uint32_t char_end_offset = 0;

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("regexp matches at char_offset %ld", (long) char_offset));

		DUK_ASSERT(re_ctx.nsaved >= 2);        /* must have start and end */
		DUK_ASSERT((re_ctx.nsaved % 2) == 0);  /* and even number */

		/* XXX: Array size is known before and (2 * re_ctx.nsaved) but not taken
		 * advantage of now.  The array is not compacted either, as regexp match
		 * objects are usually short lived.
		 */

		duk_push_array(ctx);

#ifdef DUK_USE_ASSERTIONS
		h_res = duk_require_hobject(ctx, -1);
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXTENSIBLE(h_res));
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_ARRAY(h_res));
		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_GET_CLASS_NUMBER(h_res) == DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_ARRAY);
#endif

		/* [ ... re_obj input bc saved_buf res_obj ] */

		duk_push_u32(ctx, char_offset);
		duk_xdef_prop_stridx_wec(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_INDEX);

		duk_dup(ctx, -4);
		duk_xdef_prop_stridx_wec(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_INPUT);

		for (i = 0; i < re_ctx.nsaved; i += 2) {
			/* Captures which are undefined have NULL pointers and are returned
			 * as 'undefined'.  The same is done when saved[] pointers are insane
			 * (this should, of course, never happen in practice).
			 */
			if (re_ctx.saved[i] && re_ctx.saved[i+1] && re_ctx.saved[i+1] >= re_ctx.saved[i]) {
				duk_hstring *h_saved;

				duk_push_lstring(ctx,
				                 (const char *) re_ctx.saved[i],
				                 (duk_size_t) (re_ctx.saved[i+1] - re_ctx.saved[i]));
				h_saved = duk_get_hstring(ctx, -1);
				DUK_ASSERT(h_saved != NULL);

				if (i == 0) {
					/* Assumes that saved[0] and saved[1] are always
					 * set by regexp bytecode (if not, char_end_offset
					 * will be zero).  Also assumes clen reflects the
					 * correct char length.
					 */
					char_end_offset = char_offset + DUK_HSTRING_GET_CHARLEN(h_saved);
				}
			} else {
				duk_push_undefined(ctx);
			}

			/* [ ... re_obj input bc saved_buf res_obj val ] */
			duk_put_prop_index(ctx, -2, i / 2);
		}

		/* [ ... re_obj input bc saved_buf res_obj ] */

		/* NB: 'length' property is automatically updated by the array setup loop */

		if (global) {
			/* global regexp: lastIndex updated on match */
			duk_push_u32(ctx, char_end_offset);
			duk_put_prop_stridx(ctx, -6, DUK_STRIDX_LAST_INDEX);
		} else {
			/* non-global regexp: lastIndex never updated on match */
			;
		}
	} else {
		/*
		 *  No match, E5 Section 15.10.6.2, step 9.a.i - 9.a.ii apply, regardless
		 *  of 'global' flag of the RegExp.  In particular, if lastIndex is invalid
		 *  initially, it is reset to zero.
		 */

		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("regexp does not match"));

		duk_push_null(ctx);

		/* [ ... re_obj input bc saved_buf res_obj ] */

		duk_push_int(ctx, 0);
		duk_put_prop_stridx(ctx, -6, DUK_STRIDX_LAST_INDEX);
	}

	/* [ ... re_obj input bc saved_buf res_obj ] */

	duk_insert(ctx, -5);

	/* [ ... res_obj re_obj input bc saved_buf ] */

	duk_pop_n(ctx, 4);

	/* [ ... res_obj ] */

	/* XXX: these last tricks are unnecessary if the function is made
	 * a genuine native function.
	 */
}

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_regexp_match(duk_hthread *thr) {
	duk__regexp_match_helper(thr, 0 /*force_global*/);
}

/* This variant is needed by String.prototype.split(); it needs to perform
 * global-style matching on a cloned RegExp which is potentially non-global.
 */
DUK_INTERNAL void duk_regexp_match_force_global(duk_hthread *thr) {
	duk__regexp_match_helper(thr, 1 /*force_global*/);
}

#else  /* DUK_USE_REGEXP_SUPPORT */

/* regexp support disabled */

#endif  /* DUK_USE_REGEXP_SUPPORT */
/*
 *  Self tests to ensure execution environment is sane.  Intended to catch
 *  compiler/platform problems which cannot be detected at compile time.
 */

/* include removed: duk_internal.h */

#if defined(DUK_USE_SELF_TESTS)

/*
 *  Unions and structs for self tests
 */

typedef union {
	double d;
	duk_uint8_t c[8];
} duk__test_double_union;

#define DUK__DBLUNION_CMP_TRUE(a,b)  do { \
		if (DUK_MEMCMP((const void *) (a), (const void *) (b), sizeof(duk__test_double_union)) != 0) { \
			DUK_PANIC(DUK_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR, "self test failed: double union compares false (expected true)"); \
		} \
	} while (0)

#define DUK__DBLUNION_CMP_FALSE(a,b)  do { \
		if (DUK_MEMCMP((const void *) (a), (const void *) (b), sizeof(duk__test_double_union)) == 0) { \
			DUK_PANIC(DUK_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR, "self test failed: double union compares true (expected false)"); \
		} \
	} while (0)

typedef union {
	duk_uint32_t i;
	duk_uint8_t c[8];
} duk__test_u32_union;

/*
 *  Various sanity checks for typing
 */

DUK_LOCAL void duk__selftest_types(void) {
	if (!(sizeof(duk_int8_t) == 1 &&
	      sizeof(duk_uint8_t) == 1 &&
	      sizeof(duk_int16_t) == 2 &&
	      sizeof(duk_uint16_t) == 2 &&
	      sizeof(duk_int32_t) == 4 &&
	      sizeof(duk_uint32_t) == 4)) {
		DUK_PANIC(DUK_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR, "self test failed: duk_(u)int{8,16,32}_t size");
	}
#if defined(DUK_USE_64BIT_OPS)
	if (!(sizeof(duk_int64_t) == 8 &&
	      sizeof(duk_uint64_t) == 8)) {
		DUK_PANIC(DUK_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR, "self test failed: duk_(u)int64_t size");
	}
#endif

	if (!(sizeof(duk_size_t) >= sizeof(duk_uint_t))) {
		/* Some internal code now assumes that all duk_uint_t values
		 * can be expressed with a duk_size_t.
		 */
		DUK_PANIC(DUK_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR, "self test failed: duk_size_t is smaller than duk_uint_t");
	}
	if (!(sizeof(duk_int_t) >= 4)) {
		DUK_PANIC(DUK_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR, "self test failed: duk_int_t is not 32 bits");
	}
}

/*
 *  Packed tval sanity
 */

DUK_LOCAL void duk__selftest_packed_tval(void) {
#if defined(DUK_USE_PACKED_TVAL)
	if (sizeof(void *) > 4) {
		DUK_PANIC(DUK_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR, "self test failed: packed duk_tval in use but sizeof(void *) > 4");
	}
#endif
}

/*
 *  Two's complement arithmetic.
 */

DUK_LOCAL void duk__selftest_twos_complement(void) {
	volatile int test;
	test = -1;

	/* Note that byte order doesn't affect this test: all bytes in
	 * 'test' will be 0xFF for two's complement.
	 */
	if (((volatile duk_uint8_t *) &test)[0] != (duk_uint8_t) 0xff) {
		DUK_PANIC(DUK_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR, "self test failed: two's complement arithmetic");
	}
}

/*
 *  Byte order.  Important to self check, because on some exotic platforms
 *  there is no actual detection but rather assumption based on platform
 *  defines.
 */

DUK_LOCAL void duk__selftest_byte_order(void) {
	duk__test_u32_union u1;
	duk__test_double_union u2;

	/*
	 *  >>> struct.pack('>d', 102030405060).encode('hex')
	 *  '4237c17c6dc40000'
	 */
#if defined(DUK_USE_INTEGER_LE)
	u1.c[0] = 0xef; u1.c[1] = 0xbe; u1.c[2] = 0xad; u1.c[3] = 0xde;
#elif defined(DUK_USE_INTEGER_ME)
#error integer mixed endian not supported now
#elif defined(DUK_USE_INTEGER_BE)
	u1.c[0] = 0xde; u1.c[1] = 0xad; u1.c[2] = 0xbe; u1.c[3] = 0xef;
#else
#error unknown integer endianness
#endif

#if defined(DUK_USE_DOUBLE_LE)
	u2.c[0] = 0x00; u2.c[1] = 0x00; u2.c[2] = 0xc4; u2.c[3] = 0x6d;
	u2.c[4] = 0x7c; u2.c[5] = 0xc1; u2.c[6] = 0x37; u2.c[7] = 0x42;
#elif defined(DUK_USE_DOUBLE_ME)
	u2.c[0] = 0x7c; u2.c[1] = 0xc1; u2.c[2] = 0x37; u2.c[3] = 0x42;
	u2.c[4] = 0x00; u2.c[5] = 0x00; u2.c[6] = 0xc4; u2.c[7] = 0x6d;
#elif defined(DUK_USE_DOUBLE_BE)
	u2.c[0] = 0x42; u2.c[1] = 0x37; u2.c[2] = 0xc1; u2.c[3] = 0x7c;
	u2.c[4] = 0x6d; u2.c[5] = 0xc4; u2.c[6] = 0x00; u2.c[7] = 0x00;
#else
#error unknown double endianness
#endif

	if (u1.i != (duk_uint32_t) 0xdeadbeefUL) {
		DUK_PANIC(DUK_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR, "self test failed: duk_uint32_t byte order");
	}

	if (u2.d != (double) 102030405060.0) {
		DUK_PANIC(DUK_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR, "self test failed: double byte order");
	}
}

/*
 *  DUK_BSWAP macros
 */

DUK_LOCAL void duk__selftest_bswap_macros(void) {
	duk_uint32_t x32;
	duk_uint16_t x16;
	duk_double_union du;
	duk_double_t du_diff;

	x16 = 0xbeefUL;
	x16 = DUK_BSWAP16(x16);
	if (x16 != (duk_uint16_t) 0xefbeUL) {
		DUK_PANIC(DUK_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR, "self test failed: DUK_BSWAP16");
	}

	x32 = 0xdeadbeefUL;
	x32 = DUK_BSWAP32(x32);
	if (x32 != (duk_uint32_t) 0xefbeaddeUL) {
		DUK_PANIC(DUK_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR, "self test failed: DUK_BSWAP32");
	}

	/* >>> struct.unpack('>d', '4000112233445566'.decode('hex'))
	 * (2.008366013071895,)
	 */

	du.uc[0] = 0x40; du.uc[1] = 0x00; du.uc[2] = 0x11; du.uc[3] = 0x22;
	du.uc[4] = 0x33; du.uc[5] = 0x44; du.uc[6] = 0x55; du.uc[7] = 0x66;
	DUK_DBLUNION_DOUBLE_NTOH(&du);
	du_diff = du.d - 2.008366013071895;
#if 0
	DUK_FPRINTF(DUK_STDERR, "du_diff: %lg\n", (double) du_diff);
#endif
	if (du_diff > 1e-15) {
		/* Allow very small lenience because some compilers won't parse
		 * exact IEEE double constants (happened in matrix testing with
		 * Linux gcc-4.8 -m32 at least).
		 */
#if 0
		DUK_FPRINTF(DUK_STDERR, "Result of DUK_DBLUNION_DOUBLE_NTOH: %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x\n",
		            (unsigned int) du.uc[0], (unsigned int) du.uc[1],
		            (unsigned int) du.uc[2], (unsigned int) du.uc[3],
		            (unsigned int) du.uc[4], (unsigned int) du.uc[5],
		            (unsigned int) du.uc[6], (unsigned int) du.uc[7]);
#endif
		DUK_PANIC(DUK_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR, "self test failed: DUK_DBLUNION_DOUBLE_NTOH");
	}
}

/*
 *  Basic double / byte union memory layout.
 */

DUK_LOCAL void duk__selftest_double_union_size(void) {
	if (sizeof(duk__test_double_union) != 8) {
		DUK_PANIC(DUK_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR, "self test failed: invalid union size");
	}
}

/*
 *  Union aliasing, see misc/clang_aliasing.c.
 */

DUK_LOCAL void duk__selftest_double_aliasing(void) {
	duk__test_double_union a, b;

	/* This testcase fails when Emscripten-generated code runs on Firefox.
	 * It's not an issue because the failure should only affect packed
	 * duk_tval representation, which is not used with Emscripten.
	 */
#if !defined(DUK_USE_PACKED_TVAL)
	DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("skip double aliasing self test when duk_tval is not packed"));
	return;
#endif

	/* Test signaling NaN and alias assignment in all endianness combinations.
	 */

	/* little endian */
	a.c[0] = 0x11; a.c[1] = 0x22; a.c[2] = 0x33; a.c[3] = 0x44;
	a.c[4] = 0x00; a.c[5] = 0x00; a.c[6] = 0xf1; a.c[7] = 0xff;
	b = a;
	DUK__DBLUNION_CMP_TRUE(&a, &b);

	/* big endian */
	a.c[0] = 0xff; a.c[1] = 0xf1; a.c[2] = 0x00; a.c[3] = 0x00;
	a.c[4] = 0x44; a.c[5] = 0x33; a.c[6] = 0x22; a.c[7] = 0x11;
	b = a;
	DUK__DBLUNION_CMP_TRUE(&a, &b);

	/* mixed endian */
	a.c[0] = 0x00; a.c[1] = 0x00; a.c[2] = 0xf1; a.c[3] = 0xff;
	a.c[4] = 0x11; a.c[5] = 0x22; a.c[6] = 0x33; a.c[7] = 0x44;
	b = a;
	DUK__DBLUNION_CMP_TRUE(&a, &b);
}

/*
 *  Zero sign, see misc/tcc_zerosign2.c.
 */

DUK_LOCAL void duk__selftest_double_zero_sign(void) {
	duk__test_double_union a, b;

	a.d = 0.0;
	b.d = -a.d;
	DUK__DBLUNION_CMP_FALSE(&a, &b);
}

/*
 *  Struct size/alignment if platform requires it
 *
 *  There are some compiler specific struct padding pragmas etc in use, this
 *  selftest ensures they're correctly detected and used.
 */

DUK_LOCAL void duk__selftest_struct_align(void) {
#if (DUK_USE_ALIGN_BY == 4)
	if ((sizeof(duk_hbuffer_fixed) % 4) != 0) {
		DUK_PANIC(DUK_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR, "self test failed: sizeof(duk_hbuffer_fixed) not aligned to 4");
	}
#elif (DUK_USE_ALIGN_BY == 8)
	if ((sizeof(duk_hbuffer_fixed) % 8) != 0) {
		DUK_PANIC(DUK_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR, "self test failed: sizeof(duk_hbuffer_fixed) not aligned to 8");
	}
#elif (DUK_USE_ALIGN_BY == 1)
	/* no check */
#else
#error invalid DUK_USE_ALIGN_BY
#endif
}

/*
 *  64-bit arithmetic
 *
 *  There are some platforms/compilers where 64-bit types are available
 *  but don't work correctly.  Test for known cases.
 */

DUK_LOCAL void duk__selftest_64bit_arithmetic(void) {
#if defined(DUK_USE_64BIT_OPS)
	volatile duk_int64_t i;
	volatile duk_double_t d;

	/* Catch a double-to-int64 cast issue encountered in practice. */
	d = 2147483648.0;
	i = (duk_int64_t) d;
	if (i != 0x80000000LL) {
		DUK_PANIC(DUK_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR, "self test failed: casting 2147483648.0 to duk_int64_t failed");
	}
#else
	/* nop */
#endif
}

/*
 *  Casting
 */

DUK_LOCAL void duk__selftest_cast_double_to_small_uint(void) {
	/*
	 *  https://github.com/svaarala/duktape/issues/127#issuecomment-77863473
	 */

	duk_double_t d1, d2;
	duk_small_uint_t u;

	duk_double_t d1v, d2v;
	duk_small_uint_t uv;

	/* Test without volatiles */

	d1 = 1.0;
	u = (duk_small_uint_t) d1;
	d2 = (duk_double_t) u;

	if (!(d1 == 1.0 && u == 1 && d2 == 1.0 && d1 == d2)) {
		DUK_PANIC(DUK_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR, "self test failed: double to duk_small_uint_t cast failed");
	}

	/* Same test with volatiles */

	d1v = 1.0;
	uv = (duk_small_uint_t) d1v;
	d2v = (duk_double_t) uv;

	if (!(d1v == 1.0 && uv == 1 && d2v == 1.0 && d1v == d2v)) {
		DUK_PANIC(DUK_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR, "self test failed: double to duk_small_uint_t cast failed");
	}
}

DUK_LOCAL void duk__selftest_cast_double_to_uint32(void) {
	/*
	 *  This test fails on an exotic ARM target; double-to-uint
	 *  cast is incorrectly clamped to -signed- int highest value.
	 *
	 *  https://github.com/svaarala/duktape/issues/336
	 */

	duk_double_t dv;
	duk_uint32_t uv;

	dv = 3735928559.0;  /* 0xdeadbeef in decimal */
	uv = (duk_uint32_t) dv;

	if (uv != 0xdeadbeefUL) {
		DUK_PANIC(DUK_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR, "self test failed: double to duk_uint32_t cast failed");
	}
}

/*
 *  Self test main
 */

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_selftest_run_tests(void) {
	duk__selftest_types();
	duk__selftest_packed_tval();
	duk__selftest_twos_complement();
	duk__selftest_byte_order();
	duk__selftest_bswap_macros();
	duk__selftest_double_union_size();
	duk__selftest_double_aliasing();
	duk__selftest_double_zero_sign();
	duk__selftest_struct_align();
	duk__selftest_64bit_arithmetic();
	duk__selftest_cast_double_to_small_uint();
	duk__selftest_cast_double_to_uint32();
}

#undef DUK__DBLUNION_CMP_TRUE
#undef DUK__DBLUNION_CMP_FALSE

#endif  /* DUK_USE_SELF_TESTS */
/* include removed: duk_internal.h */

#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)

/*
 *  Manually optimized double-to-fastint downgrade check.
 *
 *  This check has a large impact on performance, especially for fastint
 *  slow paths, so must be changed carefully.  The code should probably be
 *  optimized for the case where the result does not fit into a fastint,
 *  to minimize the penalty for "slow path code" dealing with fractions etc.
 *
 *  At least on one tested soft float ARM platform double-to-int64 coercion
 *  is very slow (and sometimes produces incorrect results, see self tests).
 *  This algorithm combines a fastint compatibility check and extracting the
 *  integer value from an IEEE double for setting the tagged fastint.  For
 *  other platforms a more naive approach might be better.
 *
 *  See doc/fastint.rst for details.
 */

DUK_INTERNAL DUK_ALWAYS_INLINE void duk_tval_set_number_chkfast(duk_tval *tv, duk_double_t x) {
	duk_double_union du;
	duk_int64_t i;
	duk_small_int_t expt;
	duk_small_int_t shift;

	/* XXX: optimize for packed duk_tval directly? */

	du.d = x;
	i = (duk_int64_t) DUK_DBLUNION_GET_INT64(&du);
	expt = (duk_small_int_t) ((i >> 52) & 0x07ff);
	shift = expt - 1023;

	if (shift >= 0 && shift <= 46) {  /* exponents 1023 to 1069 */
		duk_int64_t t;

		if (((0x000fffffffffffffLL >> shift) & i) == 0) {
			t = i | 0x0010000000000000LL;  /* implicit leading one */
			t = t & 0x001fffffffffffffLL;
			t = t >> (52 - shift);
			if (i < 0) {
				t = -t;
			}
			DUK_TVAL_SET_FASTINT(tv, t);
			return;
		}
	} else if (shift == -1023) {  /* exponent 0 */
		if (i >= 0 && (i & 0x000fffffffffffffLL) == 0) {
			/* Note: reject negative zero. */
			DUK_TVAL_SET_FASTINT(tv, (duk_int64_t) 0);
			return;
		}
	} else if (shift == 47) {  /* exponent 1070 */
		if (i < 0 && (i & 0x000fffffffffffffLL) == 0) {
			DUK_TVAL_SET_FASTINT(tv, (duk_int64_t) DUK_FASTINT_MIN);
			return;
		}
	}

	DUK_TVAL_SET_DOUBLE(tv, x);
	return;
}

/*
 *  Manually optimized number-to-double conversion
 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT) && defined(DUK_USE_PACKED_TVAL)
DUK_INTERNAL DUK_ALWAYS_INLINE duk_double_t duk_tval_get_number_packed(duk_tval *tv) {
	duk_double_union du;
	duk_uint64_t t;

	t = (duk_uint64_t) DUK_DBLUNION_GET_UINT64(tv);
	if ((t >> 48) != DUK_TAG_FASTINT) {
		return tv->d;
	} else if (t & 0x0000800000000000ULL) {
		t = (duk_uint64_t) (-((duk_int64_t) t));  /* avoid unary minus on unsigned */
		t = t & 0x0000ffffffffffffULL;  /* negative */
		t |= 0xc330000000000000ULL;
		DUK_DBLUNION_SET_UINT64(&du, t);
		return du.d + 4503599627370496.0;  /* 1 << 52 */
	} else if (t != 0) {
		t &= 0x0000ffffffffffffULL;  /* positive */
		t |= 0x4330000000000000ULL;
		DUK_DBLUNION_SET_UINT64(&du, t);
		return du.d - 4503599627370496.0;  /* 1 << 52 */
	} else {
		return 0.0;  /* zero */
	}
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_FASTINT && DUK_USE_PACKED_TVAL */

#if 0  /* unused */
#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT) && !defined(DUK_USE_PACKED_TVAL)
DUK_INTERNAL DUK_ALWAYS_INLINE duk_double_t duk_tval_get_number_unpacked(duk_tval *tv) {
	duk_double_union du;
	duk_uint64_t t;

	DUK_ASSERT(tv->t == DUK__TAG_NUMBER || tv->t == DUK_TAG_FASTINT);

	if (tv->t == DUK_TAG_FASTINT) {
		if (tv->v.fi >= 0) {
			t = 0x4330000000000000ULL | (duk_uint64_t) tv->v.fi;
			DUK_DBLUNION_SET_UINT64(&du, t);
			return du.d - 4503599627370496.0;  /* 1 << 52 */
		} else {
			t = 0xc330000000000000ULL | (duk_uint64_t) (-tv->v.fi);
			DUK_DBLUNION_SET_UINT64(&du, t);
			return du.d + 4503599627370496.0;  /* 1 << 52 */
		}
	} else {
		return tv->v.d;
	}
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_FASTINT && DUK_USE_PACKED_TVAL */
#endif  /* 0 */

#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT) && !defined(DUK_USE_PACKED_TVAL)
DUK_INTERNAL DUK_ALWAYS_INLINE duk_double_t duk_tval_get_number_unpacked_fastint(duk_tval *tv) {
	duk_double_union du;
	duk_uint64_t t;

	DUK_ASSERT(tv->t == DUK_TAG_FASTINT);

	if (tv->v.fi >= 0) {
		t = 0x4330000000000000ULL | (duk_uint64_t) tv->v.fi;
		DUK_DBLUNION_SET_UINT64(&du, t);
		return du.d - 4503599627370496.0;  /* 1 << 52 */
	} else {
		t = 0xc330000000000000ULL | (duk_uint64_t) (-tv->v.fi);
		DUK_DBLUNION_SET_UINT64(&du, t);
		return du.d + 4503599627370496.0;  /* 1 << 52 */
	}
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_FASTINT && DUK_USE_PACKED_TVAL */

#endif  /* DUK_USE_FASTINT */
/*
 *  Unicode support tables automatically generated during build.
 */

/* include removed: duk_internal.h */

/*
 *  Unicode tables containing ranges of Unicode characters in a
 *  packed format.  These tables are used to match non-ASCII
 *  characters of complex productions by resorting to a linear
 *  range-by-range comparison.  This is very slow, but is expected
 *  to be very rare in practical Ecmascript source code, and thus
 *  compactness is most important.
 *
 *  The tables are matched using uni_range_match() and the format
 *  is described in src/extract_chars.py.
 */

#ifdef DUK_USE_SOURCE_NONBMP
/* IdentifierStart production with ASCII excluded */
/* duk_unicode_ids_noa[] */
/*
 *  Automatically generated by extract_chars.py, do not edit!
 */

const duk_uint8_t duk_unicode_ids_noa[791] = {
249,176,176,80,111,7,47,15,47,254,11,197,191,0,72,2,15,115,66,19,57,2,34,2,
240,66,244,50,247,185,248,234,241,99,8,241,127,58,240,182,47,31,241,191,21,
18,245,50,15,1,24,27,35,15,2,2,240,239,15,244,156,15,10,241,26,21,6,240,
101,10,4,15,9,240,159,157,242,100,15,4,8,159,1,98,102,115,19,240,98,98,4,
52,15,2,14,18,47,0,31,5,85,19,240,98,98,18,18,31,17,50,15,5,47,2,130,34,
240,98,98,18,68,15,4,15,1,31,21,115,19,240,98,98,18,68,15,16,18,47,1,15,3,
2,84,34,52,18,2,20,20,36,191,8,15,38,114,34,240,114,146,68,15,12,23,31,21,
114,34,240,114,146,68,15,18,2,31,1,31,4,114,34,241,147,15,2,15,3,31,10,86,
240,36,240,130,130,3,111,44,242,2,29,111,44,18,3,18,3,7,50,98,34,2,3,18,50,
26,3,66,15,7,31,20,15,49,114,241,79,13,79,101,241,191,6,15,2,85,52,4,24,37,
205,15,3,241,107,241,178,4,255,224,59,35,54,32,35,63,25,35,63,17,35,54,32,
35,62,47,41,35,63,51,241,127,0,240,47,69,223,254,21,227,240,18,240,166,243,
180,47,1,194,63,0,240,47,0,240,47,0,194,47,1,242,79,21,5,15,53,244,137,241,
146,6,243,107,240,223,37,240,227,76,241,207,7,111,42,240,122,242,95,68,15,
79,241,255,3,111,41,240,238,31,2,241,111,12,241,79,27,43,241,79,93,50,63,0,
251,15,50,255,224,8,53,63,22,53,55,32,32,32,47,15,63,37,38,32,66,38,67,53,
92,98,38,246,96,224,240,44,245,112,80,57,32,68,112,32,32,35,42,51,100,80,
240,63,25,255,233,107,241,242,241,242,247,87,63,3,241,107,242,106,15,2,240,
122,98,98,98,98,98,98,98,111,66,15,254,12,146,240,184,132,52,95,70,114,47,
74,35,111,25,79,78,240,63,11,242,127,0,255,224,244,255,240,0,138,143,60,
255,240,4,11,239,38,255,227,127,243,95,30,63,253,79,0,177,240,111,31,240,
47,9,159,64,241,152,63,87,51,33,240,9,244,39,34,35,47,7,240,255,36,240,15,
34,243,5,64,240,15,12,191,7,240,191,13,143,31,240,224,242,47,25,240,146,39,
240,111,7,64,111,32,32,65,52,48,32,240,162,241,85,53,53,166,38,248,63,19,
240,255,255,0,26,150,223,7,95,33,255,240,0,255,143,254,2,3,242,227,245,175,
24,109,70,2,146,194,66,2,18,18,245,207,19,255,224,93,240,79,48,63,38,241,
171,246,100,47,119,241,111,10,127,10,207,73,69,53,53,50,241,91,47,10,47,3,
33,46,61,241,79,107,243,127,37,255,223,13,79,33,242,31,15,240,63,11,242,
127,14,63,20,87,36,241,207,142,255,226,86,83,2,241,194,20,3,240,127,156,
240,107,240,175,184,15,1,50,34,240,191,30,240,223,117,242,107,240,107,240,
63,127,243,159,254,42,239,37,243,223,29,255,238,68,255,226,97,248,63,83,
255,234,145,255,227,33,255,240,2,44,95,254,18,191,255,0,52,187,31,255,0,18,
242,244,82,243,114,19,3,19,50,178,2,98,243,18,51,114,98,240,194,50,66,4,98,
255,224,70,63,9,47,9,47,15,47,9,47,15,47,9,47,15,47,9,47,15,47,9,39,255,
240,1,114,143,255,0,149,201,241,191,254,242,124,252,239,255,0,46,214,255,
225,16,0,
};
#else
/* IdentifierStart production with ASCII and non-BMP excluded */
/* duk_unicode_ids_noabmp[] */
/*
 *  Automatically generated by extract_chars.py, do not edit!
 */

const duk_uint8_t duk_unicode_ids_noabmp[611] = {
249,176,176,80,111,7,47,15,47,254,11,197,191,0,72,2,15,115,66,19,57,2,34,2,
240,66,244,50,247,185,248,234,241,99,8,241,127,58,240,182,47,31,241,191,21,
18,245,50,15,1,24,27,35,15,2,2,240,239,15,244,156,15,10,241,26,21,6,240,
101,10,4,15,9,240,159,157,242,100,15,4,8,159,1,98,102,115,19,240,98,98,4,
52,15,2,14,18,47,0,31,5,85,19,240,98,98,18,18,31,17,50,15,5,47,2,130,34,
240,98,98,18,68,15,4,15,1,31,21,115,19,240,98,98,18,68,15,16,18,47,1,15,3,
2,84,34,52,18,2,20,20,36,191,8,15,38,114,34,240,114,146,68,15,12,23,31,21,
114,34,240,114,146,68,15,18,2,31,1,31,4,114,34,241,147,15,2,15,3,31,10,86,
240,36,240,130,130,3,111,44,242,2,29,111,44,18,3,18,3,7,50,98,34,2,3,18,50,
26,3,66,15,7,31,20,15,49,114,241,79,13,79,101,241,191,6,15,2,85,52,4,24,37,
205,15,3,241,107,241,178,4,255,224,59,35,54,32,35,63,25,35,63,17,35,54,32,
35,62,47,41,35,63,51,241,127,0,240,47,69,223,254,21,227,240,18,240,166,243,
180,47,1,194,63,0,240,47,0,240,47,0,194,47,1,242,79,21,5,15,53,244,137,241,
146,6,243,107,240,223,37,240,227,76,241,207,7,111,42,240,122,242,95,68,15,
79,241,255,3,111,41,240,238,31,2,241,111,12,241,79,27,43,241,79,93,50,63,0,
251,15,50,255,224,8,53,63,22,53,55,32,32,32,47,15,63,37,38,32,66,38,67,53,
92,98,38,246,96,224,240,44,245,112,80,57,32,68,112,32,32,35,42,51,100,80,
240,63,25,255,233,107,241,242,241,242,247,87,63,3,241,107,242,106,15,2,240,
122,98,98,98,98,98,98,98,111,66,15,254,12,146,240,184,132,52,95,70,114,47,
74,35,111,25,79,78,240,63,11,242,127,0,255,224,244,255,240,0,138,143,60,
255,240,4,11,239,38,255,227,127,243,95,30,63,253,79,0,177,240,111,31,240,
47,9,159,64,241,152,63,87,51,33,240,9,244,39,34,35,47,7,240,255,36,240,15,
34,243,5,64,240,15,12,191,7,240,191,13,143,31,240,224,242,47,25,240,146,39,
240,111,7,64,111,32,32,65,52,48,32,240,162,241,85,53,53,166,38,248,63,19,
240,255,255,0,26,150,223,7,95,33,255,240,0,255,143,254,2,3,242,227,245,175,
24,109,70,2,146,194,66,2,18,18,245,207,19,255,224,93,240,79,48,63,38,241,
171,246,100,47,119,241,111,10,127,10,207,73,69,53,53,50,0,
};
#endif

#ifdef DUK_USE_SOURCE_NONBMP
/* IdentifierStart production with Letter and ASCII excluded */
/* duk_unicode_ids_m_let_noa[] */
/*
 *  Automatically generated by extract_chars.py, do not edit!
 */

const duk_uint8_t duk_unicode_ids_m_let_noa[42] = {
255,240,0,94,18,255,233,99,241,51,63,254,215,32,240,184,240,2,255,240,6,89,
249,255,240,4,148,79,37,255,224,192,9,15,120,79,255,0,15,30,245,48,
};
#else
/* IdentifierStart production with Letter, ASCII, and non-BMP excluded */
/* duk_unicode_ids_m_let_noabmp[] */
/*
 *  Automatically generated by extract_chars.py, do not edit!
 */

const duk_uint8_t duk_unicode_ids_m_let_noabmp[24] = {
255,240,0,94,18,255,233,99,241,51,63,254,215,32,240,184,240,2,255,240,6,89,
249,0,
};
#endif

#ifdef DUK_USE_SOURCE_NONBMP
/* IdentifierPart production with IdentifierStart and ASCII excluded */
/* duk_unicode_idp_m_ids_noa[] */
/*
 *  Automatically generated by extract_chars.py, do not edit!
 */

const duk_uint8_t duk_unicode_idp_m_ids_noa[397] = {
255,225,243,246,15,254,0,116,255,191,29,32,33,33,32,243,170,242,47,15,112,
245,118,53,49,35,57,240,144,241,15,11,244,218,240,25,241,56,241,67,40,34,
36,241,210,249,99,242,130,47,2,38,177,57,240,50,242,160,38,49,50,160,177,
57,240,50,242,160,36,81,50,64,240,107,64,194,242,160,39,34,34,240,97,57,
240,50,242,160,38,49,50,145,177,57,240,64,242,212,66,35,160,240,9,240,50,
242,198,34,35,129,193,57,240,65,242,160,38,34,35,129,193,57,240,65,242,198,
34,35,160,177,57,240,65,243,128,85,32,39,240,65,242,240,54,215,41,244,144,
53,33,197,57,243,1,121,192,32,32,81,242,63,4,33,106,47,20,160,245,111,4,41,
211,82,34,54,67,235,46,255,225,179,47,254,42,98,240,242,240,241,241,1,243,
79,14,160,57,241,50,57,248,16,246,139,91,185,245,47,1,129,121,242,244,242,
185,47,13,58,121,245,132,242,31,1,201,240,56,210,241,9,105,241,237,242,47,
4,153,121,246,130,47,5,80,80,251,255,23,240,115,255,225,0,31,35,31,5,15,
109,197,4,191,254,175,34,247,240,245,47,16,255,225,30,95,91,31,255,0,100,
121,159,55,13,31,100,31,254,0,64,64,80,240,148,244,161,242,79,1,201,127,2,
240,9,240,231,240,188,241,227,242,29,240,25,244,29,208,145,57,241,48,242,
96,34,49,97,32,255,224,21,114,19,159,255,0,62,24,15,254,29,95,0,240,38,209,
240,162,251,41,241,112,255,225,177,15,254,25,105,255,228,75,34,22,63,26,37,
15,254,75,66,242,126,241,25,240,34,241,250,255,240,10,249,228,69,151,54,
241,3,248,98,255,228,125,242,47,255,12,23,244,254,0,
};
#else
/* IdentifierPart production with IdentifierStart, ASCII, and non-BMP excluded */
/* duk_unicode_idp_m_ids_noabmp[] */
/*
 *  Automatically generated by extract_chars.py, do not edit!
 */

const duk_uint8_t duk_unicode_idp_m_ids_noabmp[348] = {
255,225,243,246,15,254,0,116,255,191,29,32,33,33,32,243,170,242,47,15,112,
245,118,53,49,35,57,240,144,241,15,11,244,218,240,25,241,56,241,67,40,34,
36,241,210,249,99,242,130,47,2,38,177,57,240,50,242,160,38,49,50,160,177,
57,240,50,242,160,36,81,50,64,240,107,64,194,242,160,39,34,34,240,97,57,
240,50,242,160,38,49,50,145,177,57,240,64,242,212,66,35,160,240,9,240,50,
242,198,34,35,129,193,57,240,65,242,160,38,34,35,129,193,57,240,65,242,198,
34,35,160,177,57,240,65,243,128,85,32,39,240,65,242,240,54,215,41,244,144,
53,33,197,57,243,1,121,192,32,32,81,242,63,4,33,106,47,20,160,245,111,4,41,
211,82,34,54,67,235,46,255,225,179,47,254,42,98,240,242,240,241,241,1,243,
79,14,160,57,241,50,57,248,16,246,139,91,185,245,47,1,129,121,242,244,242,
185,47,13,58,121,245,132,242,31,1,201,240,56,210,241,9,105,241,237,242,47,
4,153,121,246,130,47,5,80,80,251,255,23,240,115,255,225,0,31,35,31,5,15,
109,197,4,191,254,175,34,247,240,245,47,16,255,225,30,95,91,31,255,0,100,
121,159,55,13,31,100,31,254,0,64,64,80,240,148,244,161,242,79,1,201,127,2,
240,9,240,231,240,188,241,227,242,29,240,25,244,29,208,145,57,241,48,242,
96,34,49,97,32,255,224,21,114,19,159,255,0,62,24,15,254,29,95,0,240,38,209,
240,162,251,41,241,112,0,
};
#endif

/*
 *  Case conversion tables generated using src/extract_caseconv.py.
 */

/* duk_unicode_caseconv_uc[] */
/* duk_unicode_caseconv_lc[] */

/*
 *  Automatically generated by extract_caseconv.py, do not edit!
 */

const duk_uint8_t duk_unicode_caseconv_uc[1288] = {
132,3,128,3,0,184,7,192,6,192,112,35,242,199,224,64,74,192,49,32,128,162,
128,108,65,1,189,129,254,131,3,173,3,136,6,7,98,7,34,68,15,12,14,140,72,30,
104,28,112,32,67,0,65,4,0,138,0,128,4,1,88,65,76,83,15,128,15,132,8,31,16,
31,24,12,62,64,62,80,32,124,192,124,224,64,250,0,250,64,97,246,1,246,129,3,
238,3,247,64,135,220,135,242,2,15,187,15,237,2,31,120,31,248,4,62,244,63,
212,8,125,240,127,232,16,253,128,253,192,33,253,1,253,128,67,252,3,253,0,
136,92,8,88,8,18,104,18,91,26,44,48,44,0,94,90,0,33,64,155,253,7,252,132,
212,0,32,32,32,6,0,76,192,76,129,128,157,0,156,136,1,75,1,74,46,2,244,2,
242,12,6,12,6,8,16,13,8,13,0,48,27,64,27,48,64,57,192,57,162,0,119,192,119,
132,128,252,128,252,20,2,35,2,34,18,4,142,4,140,20,13,196,13,192,16,30,200,
30,192,192,70,16,70,2,32,145,96,145,70,193,48,129,48,67,130,104,130,104,44,
30,1,30,0,150,61,66,61,64,192,125,68,125,100,33,99,65,99,56,50,200,18,200,
6,69,157,133,157,96,169,144,105,144,11,211,64,211,64,12,167,35,167,34,15,
78,103,78,100,126,157,234,157,228,21,59,253,59,240,90,122,26,122,0,163,128,
214,128,214,2,1,197,1,196,6,3,140,3,136,12,7,200,7,196,16,20,0,13,48,32,63,
128,63,112,69,142,101,142,64,130,1,136,1,135,4,3,114,3,112,8,26,120,202,
120,176,65,1,30,1,29,130,2,105,1,150,5,255,96,22,160,115,128,31,224,47,0,
38,32,9,32,47,224,10,96,48,0,72,96,50,64,50,32,50,160,62,192,51,32,51,0,51,
64,71,160,51,192,68,0,53,0,52,224,55,224,62,224,59,160,49,192,62,96,62,32,
74,5,141,224,74,37,141,160,74,69,142,0,74,96,48,32,74,128,48,192,75,32,49,
224,75,96,50,0,76,0,50,96,76,96,50,128,76,180,241,160,77,0,50,224,77,101,
140,64,78,37,141,192,78,64,51,160,78,160,51,224,79,165,140,128,81,0,53,192,
81,32,72,128,81,128,72,160,82,64,54,224,104,160,115,32,110,224,110,192,117,
128,112,192,120,64,116,96,121,128,113,128,122,0,114,64,122,32,115,0,122,
160,116,192,122,192,116,0,122,224,121,224,126,0,115,64,126,32,116,32,126,
64,127,32,126,160,114,160,153,224,152,3,175,52,239,163,175,165,140,99,211,
99,204,3,247,192,115,35,252,163,253,132,41,196,38,68,48,132,48,101,140,37,
140,5,140,160,71,69,140,192,71,217,128,55,224,5,48,5,48,20,152,10,240,1,56,
7,194,0,74,3,12,3,144,192,230,64,194,0,192,64,236,48,58,80,48,128,48,16,88,
120,20,212,21,72,122,90,0,72,3,49,30,151,128,21,0,194,7,166,32,5,112,48,
161,233,152,1,100,12,40,122,106,0,65,2,190,31,80,128,233,64,196,199,212,
176,58,80,49,48,48,1,245,76,14,148,12,76,12,4,125,91,3,165,3,19,3,66,31,
128,135,194,0,230,71,224,97,240,144,57,145,248,40,124,40,14,100,126,14,31,
11,3,153,31,132,135,195,0,230,71,225,97,240,208,57,145,248,104,124,56,14,
100,126,30,31,15,3,153,31,136,135,194,0,230,71,226,97,240,144,57,145,248,
168,124,40,14,100,126,46,31,11,3,153,31,140,135,195,0,230,71,227,97,240,
208,57,145,248,232,124,56,14,100,126,62,31,15,3,153,31,144,135,202,0,230,
71,228,97,242,144,57,145,249,40,124,168,14,100,126,78,31,43,3,153,31,148,
135,203,0,230,71,229,97,242,208,57,145,249,104,124,184,14,100,126,94,31,47,
3,153,31,152,135,202,0,230,71,230,97,242,144,57,145,249,168,124,168,14,100,
126,110,31,43,3,153,31,156,135,203,0,230,71,231,97,242,208,57,145,249,232,
124,184,14,100,126,126,31,47,3,153,31,160,135,218,0,230,71,232,97,246,144,
57,145,250,40,125,168,14,100,126,142,31,107,3,153,31,164,135,219,0,230,71,
233,97,246,208,57,145,250,104,125,184,14,100,126,158,31,111,3,153,31,168,
135,218,0,230,71,234,97,246,144,57,145,250,168,125,168,14,100,126,174,31,
107,3,153,31,172,135,219,0,230,71,235,97,246,208,57,145,250,232,125,184,14,
100,126,190,31,111,3,153,31,178,135,238,128,230,71,236,224,57,16,57,145,
251,72,14,24,14,100,126,218,3,145,3,66,31,183,192,228,64,208,128,230,71,
239,32,57,16,57,145,252,40,127,40,14,100,127,14,3,151,3,153,31,196,128,226,
64,230,71,241,160,57,112,52,33,252,124,14,92,13,8,14,100,127,50,3,151,3,
153,31,210,192,230,64,194,0,192,7,244,240,57,144,48,128,48,17,253,104,14,
100,13,8,127,95,3,153,3,8,3,66,31,226,192,233,64,194,0,192,7,248,240,58,80,
48,128,48,17,254,72,14,132,12,76,127,154,3,165,3,66,31,231,192,233,64,194,
0,208,135,252,161,255,160,57,145,255,56,14,164,14,100,127,210,3,143,3,153,
31,246,128,234,64,208,135,253,240,58,144,52,32,57,145,255,200,14,164,14,
103,236,2,0,70,0,70,251,1,128,17,128,18,126,192,160,4,96,4,207,176,60,1,24,
1,24,1,39,236,19,0,70,0,70,0,76,251,5,128,20,192,21,62,193,160,5,48,5,79,
177,56,21,16,21,27,236,82,5,68,5,53,251,21,129,81,1,78,254,197,160,84,224,
84,111,177,120,21,16,20,244,
};
const duk_uint8_t duk_unicode_caseconv_lc[616] = {
144,3,0,3,128,184,6,192,7,192,112,24,144,37,96,64,54,32,81,64,128,226,0,
235,65,129,199,1,230,130,3,145,3,177,34,7,70,7,134,36,15,244,13,236,24,32,
0,34,129,0,65,0,67,4,0,166,32,172,41,132,40,11,64,19,15,132,15,128,8,31,24,
31,16,12,62,80,62,64,32,124,224,124,192,64,250,64,250,0,97,246,129,246,1,3,
241,3,240,2,7,230,7,228,4,15,212,15,208,8,31,184,31,176,4,63,116,62,224,8,
127,32,125,200,32,254,192,254,128,33,253,161,247,96,67,253,3,252,0,135,250,
135,222,129,15,252,15,188,2,31,250,31,124,4,66,192,66,224,64,146,216,147,
64,209,96,1,97,130,242,199,224,35,240,95,228,63,232,38,161,1,0,1,1,48,2,
100,2,102,12,4,228,4,232,64,10,80,10,89,112,23,144,23,160,96,48,64,48,96,
128,104,0,104,65,128,217,128,218,2,1,203,1,204,18,3,188,3,190,36,7,200,7,
204,16,15,192,15,201,64,34,32,34,49,32,72,192,72,225,64,220,0,220,65,1,236,
1,236,140,4,96,4,97,34,9,20,9,22,108,19,4,19,8,56,38,128,38,138,193,224,1,
224,25,99,212,3,212,44,7,214,71,212,66,22,51,150,52,3,44,128,44,129,100,89,
214,89,216,10,153,2,153,4,189,52,5,52,8,202,114,42,114,48,244,230,84,230,
103,233,222,105,222,129,83,191,83,191,133,167,160,167,161,10,48,13,48,20,0,
32,26,192,26,208,64,56,128,56,192,192,113,64,113,129,1,251,129,252,2,44,
114,44,115,4,16,12,56,12,64,32,27,128,27,144,64,211,197,211,198,2,8,6,88,9,
164,16,17,216,17,224,47,245,1,120,0,255,1,129,2,83,1,134,2,84,1,142,1,221,
1,143,2,89,1,144,2,91,1,145,1,146,1,147,2,96,1,148,2,99,1,151,2,104,1,152,
1,153,1,157,2,114,1,159,2,117,1,167,1,168,1,174,2,136,1,183,2,146,1,241,1,
243,1,246,1,149,1,247,1,191,2,32,1,158,2,58,44,101,2,61,1,154,2,62,44,102,
2,67,1,128,2,68,2,137,2,69,2,140,3,118,3,119,3,134,3,172,3,140,3,204,3,207,
3,215,3,244,3,184,3,249,3,242,4,192,4,207,30,158,0,223,31,188,31,179,31,
204,31,195,31,236,31,229,31,252,31,243,33,38,3,201,33,42,0,107,33,43,0,229,
33,50,33,78,33,131,33,132,44,96,44,97,44,98,2,107,44,99,29,125,44,100,2,
125,44,109,2,81,44,110,2,113,44,111,2,80,44,112,2,82,167,125,29,121,167,
141,2,101,2,2,97,0,52,129,131,128,
};

#if defined(DUK_USE_REGEXP_CANON_WORKAROUND)
/*
 *  Automatically generated by extract_caseconv.py, do not edit!
 */

const duk_uint16_t duk_unicode_re_canon_lookup[65536] = {
0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,
28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,
53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,
78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87,88,89,90,91,92,93,94,95,96,65,66,67,68,69,70,
71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87,88,89,90,123,124,125,
126,127,128,129,130,131,132,133,134,135,136,137,138,139,140,141,142,143,
144,145,146,147,148,149,150,151,152,153,154,155,156,157,158,159,160,161,
162,163,164,165,166,167,168,169,170,171,172,173,174,175,176,177,178,179,
180,924,182,183,184,185,186,187,188,189,190,191,192,193,194,195,196,197,
198,199,200,201,202,203,204,205,206,207,208,209,210,211,212,213,214,215,
216,217,218,219,220,221,222,223,192,193,194,195,196,197,198,199,200,201,
202,203,204,205,206,207,208,209,210,211,212,213,214,247,216,217,218,219,
220,221,222,376,256,256,258,258,260,260,262,262,264,264,266,266,268,268,
270,270,272,272,274,274,276,276,278,278,280,280,282,282,284,284,286,286,
288,288,290,290,292,292,294,294,296,296,298,298,300,300,302,302,304,305,
306,306,308,308,310,310,312,313,313,315,315,317,317,319,319,321,321,323,
323,325,325,327,327,329,330,330,332,332,334,334,336,336,338,338,340,340,
342,342,344,344,346,346,348,348,350,350,352,352,354,354,356,356,358,358,
360,360,362,362,364,364,366,366,368,368,370,370,372,372,374,374,376,377,
377,379,379,381,381,383,579,385,386,386,388,388,390,391,391,393,394,395,
395,397,398,399,400,401,401,403,404,502,406,407,408,408,573,411,412,413,
544,415,416,416,418,418,420,420,422,423,423,425,426,427,428,428,430,431,
431,433,434,435,435,437,437,439,440,440,442,443,444,444,446,503,448,449,
450,451,452,452,452,455,455,455,458,458,458,461,461,463,463,465,465,467,
467,469,469,471,471,473,473,475,475,398,478,478,480,480,482,482,484,484,
486,486,488,488,490,490,492,492,494,494,496,497,497,497,500,500,502,503,
504,504,506,506,508,508,510,510,512,512,514,514,516,516,518,518,520,520,
522,522,524,524,526,526,528,528,530,530,532,532,534,534,536,536,538,538,
540,540,542,542,544,545,546,546,548,548,550,550,552,552,554,554,556,556,
558,558,560,560,562,562,564,565,566,567,568,569,570,571,571,573,574,11390,
11391,577,577,579,580,581,582,582,584,584,586,586,588,588,590,590,11375,
11373,11376,385,390,597,393,394,600,399,602,400,604,605,606,607,403,609,
610,404,612,42893L,614,615,407,406,618,11362,620,621,622,412,624,11374,413,
627,628,415,630,631,632,633,634,635,636,11364,638,639,422,641,642,425,644,
645,646,647,430,580,433,434,581,653,654,655,656,657,439,659,660,661,662,
663,664,665,666,667,668,669,670,671,672,673,674,675,676,677,678,679,680,
681,682,683,684,685,686,687,688,689,690,691,692,693,694,695,696,697,698,
699,700,701,702,703,704,705,706,707,708,709,710,711,712,713,714,715,716,
717,718,719,720,721,722,723,724,725,726,727,728,729,730,731,732,733,734,
735,736,737,738,739,740,741,742,743,744,745,746,747,748,749,750,751,752,
753,754,755,756,757,758,759,760,761,762,763,764,765,766,767,768,769,770,
771,772,773,774,775,776,777,778,779,780,781,782,783,784,785,786,787,788,
789,790,791,792,793,794,795,796,797,798,799,800,801,802,803,804,805,806,
807,808,809,810,811,812,813,814,815,816,817,818,819,820,821,822,823,824,
825,826,827,828,829,830,831,832,833,834,835,836,921,838,839,840,841,842,
843,844,845,846,847,848,849,850,851,852,853,854,855,856,857,858,859,860,
861,862,863,864,865,866,867,868,869,870,871,872,873,874,875,876,877,878,
879,880,880,882,882,884,885,886,886,888,889,890,1021,1022,1023,894,895,896,
897,898,899,900,901,902,903,904,905,906,907,908,909,910,911,912,913,914,
915,916,917,918,919,920,921,922,923,924,925,926,927,928,929,930,931,932,
933,934,935,936,937,938,939,902,904,905,906,944,913,914,915,916,917,918,
919,920,921,922,923,924,925,926,927,928,929,931,931,932,933,934,935,936,
937,938,939,908,910,911,975,914,920,978,979,980,934,928,975,984,984,986,
986,988,988,990,990,992,992,994,994,996,996,998,998,1000,1000,1002,1002,
1004,1004,1006,1006,922,929,1017,1011,1012,917,1014,1015,1015,1017,1018,
1018,1020,1021,1022,1023,1024,1025,1026,1027,1028,1029,1030,1031,1032,1033,
1034,1035,1036,1037,1038,1039,1040,1041,1042,1043,1044,1045,1046,1047,1048,
1049,1050,1051,1052,1053,1054,1055,1056,1057,1058,1059,1060,1061,1062,1063,
1064,1065,1066,1067,1068,1069,1070,1071,1040,1041,1042,1043,1044,1045,1046,
1047,1048,1049,1050,1051,1052,1053,1054,1055,1056,1057,1058,1059,1060,1061,
1062,1063,1064,1065,1066,1067,1068,1069,1070,1071,1024,1025,1026,1027,1028,
1029,1030,1031,1032,1033,1034,1035,1036,1037,1038,1039,1120,1120,1122,1122,
1124,1124,1126,1126,1128,1128,1130,1130,1132,1132,1134,1134,1136,1136,1138,
1138,1140,1140,1142,1142,1144,1144,1146,1146,1148,1148,1150,1150,1152,1152,
1154,1155,1156,1157,1158,1159,1160,1161,1162,1162,1164,1164,1166,1166,1168,
1168,1170,1170,1172,1172,1174,1174,1176,1176,1178,1178,1180,1180,1182,1182,
1184,1184,1186,1186,1188,1188,1190,1190,1192,1192,1194,1194,1196,1196,1198,
1198,1200,1200,1202,1202,1204,1204,1206,1206,1208,1208,1210,1210,1212,1212,
1214,1214,1216,1217,1217,1219,1219,1221,1221,1223,1223,1225,1225,1227,1227,
1229,1229,1216,1232,1232,1234,1234,1236,1236,1238,1238,1240,1240,1242,1242,
1244,1244,1246,1246,1248,1248,1250,1250,1252,1252,1254,1254,1256,1256,1258,
1258,1260,1260,1262,1262,1264,1264,1266,1266,1268,1268,1270,1270,1272,1272,
1274,1274,1276,1276,1278,1278,1280,1280,1282,1282,1284,1284,1286,1286,1288,
1288,1290,1290,1292,1292,1294,1294,1296,1296,1298,1298,1300,1300,1302,1302,
1304,1304,1306,1306,1308,1308,1310,1310,1312,1312,1314,1314,1316,1316,1318,
1318,1320,1321,1322,1323,1324,1325,1326,1327,1328,1329,1330,1331,1332,1333,
1334,1335,1336,1337,1338,1339,1340,1341,1342,1343,1344,1345,1346,1347,1348,
1349,1350,1351,1352,1353,1354,1355,1356,1357,1358,1359,1360,1361,1362,1363,
1364,1365,1366,1367,1368,1369,1370,1371,1372,1373,1374,1375,1376,1329,1330,
1331,1332,1333,1334,1335,1336,1337,1338,1339,1340,1341,1342,1343,1344,1345,
1346,1347,1348,1349,1350,1351,1352,1353,1354,1355,1356,1357,1358,1359,1360,
1361,1362,1363,1364,1365,1366,1415,1416,1417,1418,1419,1420,1421,1422,1423,
1424,1425,1426,1427,1428,1429,1430,1431,1432,1433,1434,1435,1436,1437,1438,
1439,1440,1441,1442,1443,1444,1445,1446,1447,1448,1449,1450,1451,1452,1453,
1454,1455,1456,1457,1458,1459,1460,1461,1462,1463,1464,1465,1466,1467,1468,
1469,1470,1471,1472,1473,1474,1475,1476,1477,1478,1479,1480,1481,1482,1483,
1484,1485,1486,1487,1488,1489,1490,1491,1492,1493,1494,1495,1496,1497,1498,
1499,1500,1501,1502,1503,1504,1505,1506,1507,1508,1509,1510,1511,1512,1513,
1514,1515,1516,1517,1518,1519,1520,1521,1522,1523,1524,1525,1526,1527,1528,
1529,1530,1531,1532,1533,1534,1535,1536,1537,1538,1539,1540,1541,1542,1543,
1544,1545,1546,1547,1548,1549,1550,1551,1552,1553,1554,1555,1556,1557,1558,
1559,1560,1561,1562,1563,1564,1565,1566,1567,1568,1569,1570,1571,1572,1573,
1574,1575,1576,1577,1578,1579,1580,1581,1582,1583,1584,1585,1586,1587,1588,
1589,1590,1591,1592,1593,1594,1595,1596,1597,1598,1599,1600,1601,1602,1603,
1604,1605,1606,1607,1608,1609,1610,1611,1612,1613,1614,1615,1616,1617,1618,
1619,1620,1621,1622,1623,1624,1625,1626,1627,1628,1629,1630,1631,1632,1633,
1634,1635,1636,1637,1638,1639,1640,1641,1642,1643,1644,1645,1646,1647,1648,
1649,1650,1651,1652,1653,1654,1655,1656,1657,1658,1659,1660,1661,1662,1663,
1664,1665,1666,1667,1668,1669,1670,1671,1672,1673,1674,1675,1676,1677,1678,
1679,1680,1681,1682,1683,1684,1685,1686,1687,1688,1689,1690,1691,1692,1693,
1694,1695,1696,1697,1698,1699,1700,1701,1702,1703,1704,1705,1706,1707,1708,
1709,1710,1711,1712,1713,1714,1715,1716,1717,1718,1719,1720,1721,1722,1723,
1724,1725,1726,1727,1728,1729,1730,1731,1732,1733,1734,1735,1736,1737,1738,
1739,1740,1741,1742,1743,1744,1745,1746,1747,1748,1749,1750,1751,1752,1753,
1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,
1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,
1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,
1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,
1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,
1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,
1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,
1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,
1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,
1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,
1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,
1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,
1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,
1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,
1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,
1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,
1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,
2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023,
2024,2025,2026,2027,2028,2029,2030,2031,2032,2033,2034,2035,2036,2037,2038,
2039,2040,2041,2042,2043,2044,2045,2046,2047,2048,2049,2050,2051,2052,2053,
2054,2055,2056,2057,2058,2059,2060,2061,2062,2063,2064,2065,2066,2067,2068,
2069,2070,2071,2072,2073,2074,2075,2076,2077,2078,2079,2080,2081,2082,2083,
2084,2085,2086,2087,2088,2089,2090,2091,2092,2093,2094,2095,2096,2097,2098,
2099,2100,2101,2102,2103,2104,2105,2106,2107,2108,2109,2110,2111,2112,2113,
2114,2115,2116,2117,2118,2119,2120,2121,2122,2123,2124,2125,2126,2127,2128,
2129,2130,2131,2132,2133,2134,2135,2136,2137,2138,2139,2140,2141,2142,2143,
2144,2145,2146,2147,2148,2149,2150,2151,2152,2153,2154,2155,2156,2157,2158,
2159,2160,2161,2162,2163,2164,2165,2166,2167,2168,2169,2170,2171,2172,2173,
2174,2175,2176,2177,2178,2179,2180,2181,2182,2183,2184,2185,2186,2187,2188,
2189,2190,2191,2192,2193,2194,2195,2196,2197,2198,2199,2200,2201,2202,2203,
2204,2205,2206,2207,2208,2209,2210,2211,2212,2213,2214,2215,2216,2217,2218,
2219,2220,2221,2222,2223,2224,2225,2226,2227,2228,2229,2230,2231,2232,2233,
2234,2235,2236,2237,2238,2239,2240,2241,2242,2243,2244,2245,2246,2247,2248,
2249,2250,2251,2252,2253,2254,2255,2256,2257,2258,2259,2260,2261,2262,2263,
2264,2265,2266,2267,2268,2269,2270,2271,2272,2273,2274,2275,2276,2277,2278,
2279,2280,2281,2282,2283,2284,2285,2286,2287,2288,2289,2290,2291,2292,2293,
2294,2295,2296,2297,2298,2299,2300,2301,2302,2303,2304,2305,2306,2307,2308,
2309,2310,2311,2312,2313,2314,2315,2316,2317,2318,2319,2320,2321,2322,2323,
2324,2325,2326,2327,2328,2329,2330,2331,2332,2333,2334,2335,2336,2337,2338,
2339,2340,2341,2342,2343,2344,2345,2346,2347,2348,2349,2350,2351,2352,2353,
2354,2355,2356,2357,2358,2359,2360,2361,2362,2363,2364,2365,2366,2367,2368,
2369,2370,2371,2372,2373,2374,2375,2376,2377,2378,2379,2380,2381,2382,2383,
2384,2385,2386,2387,2388,2389,2390,2391,2392,2393,2394,2395,2396,2397,2398,
2399,2400,2401,2402,2403,2404,2405,2406,2407,2408,2409,2410,2411,2412,2413,
2414,2415,2416,2417,2418,2419,2420,2421,2422,2423,2424,2425,2426,2427,2428,
2429,2430,2431,2432,2433,2434,2435,2436,2437,2438,2439,2440,2441,2442,2443,
2444,2445,2446,2447,2448,2449,2450,2451,2452,2453,2454,2455,2456,2457,2458,
2459,2460,2461,2462,2463,2464,2465,2466,2467,2468,2469,2470,2471,2472,2473,
2474,2475,2476,2477,2478,2479,2480,2481,2482,2483,2484,2485,2486,2487,2488,
2489,2490,2491,2492,2493,2494,2495,2496,2497,2498,2499,2500,2501,2502,2503,
2504,2505,2506,2507,2508,2509,2510,2511,2512,2513,2514,2515,2516,2517,2518,
2519,2520,2521,2522,2523,2524,2525,2526,2527,2528,2529,2530,2531,2532,2533,
2534,2535,2536,2537,2538,2539,2540,2541,2542,2543,2544,2545,2546,2547,2548,
2549,2550,2551,2552,2553,2554,2555,2556,2557,2558,2559,2560,2561,2562,2563,
2564,2565,2566,2567,2568,2569,2570,2571,2572,2573,2574,2575,2576,2577,2578,
2579,2580,2581,2582,2583,2584,2585,2586,2587,2588,2589,2590,2591,2592,2593,
2594,2595,2596,2597,2598,2599,2600,2601,2602,2603,2604,2605,2606,2607,2608,
2609,2610,2611,2612,2613,2614,2615,2616,2617,2618,2619,2620,2621,2622,2623,
2624,2625,2626,2627,2628,2629,2630,2631,2632,2633,2634,2635,2636,2637,2638,
2639,2640,2641,2642,2643,2644,2645,2646,2647,2648,2649,2650,2651,2652,2653,
2654,2655,2656,2657,2658,2659,2660,2661,2662,2663,2664,2665,2666,2667,2668,
2669,2670,2671,2672,2673,2674,2675,2676,2677,2678,2679,2680,2681,2682,2683,
2684,2685,2686,2687,2688,2689,2690,2691,2692,2693,2694,2695,2696,2697,2698,
2699,2700,2701,2702,2703,2704,2705,2706,2707,2708,2709,2710,2711,2712,2713,
2714,2715,2716,2717,2718,2719,2720,2721,2722,2723,2724,2725,2726,2727,2728,
2729,2730,2731,2732,2733,2734,2735,2736,2737,2738,2739,2740,2741,2742,2743,
2744,2745,2746,2747,2748,2749,2750,2751,2752,2753,2754,2755,2756,2757,2758,
2759,2760,2761,2762,2763,2764,2765,2766,2767,2768,2769,2770,2771,2772,2773,
2774,2775,2776,2777,2778,2779,2780,2781,2782,2783,2784,2785,2786,2787,2788,
2789,2790,2791,2792,2793,2794,2795,2796,2797,2798,2799,2800,2801,2802,2803,
2804,2805,2806,2807,2808,2809,2810,2811,2812,2813,2814,2815,2816,2817,2818,
2819,2820,2821,2822,2823,2824,2825,2826,2827,2828,2829,2830,2831,2832,2833,
2834,2835,2836,2837,2838,2839,2840,2841,2842,2843,2844,2845,2846,2847,2848,
2849,2850,2851,2852,2853,2854,2855,2856,2857,2858,2859,2860,2861,2862,2863,
2864,2865,2866,2867,2868,2869,2870,2871,2872,2873,2874,2875,2876,2877,2878,
2879,2880,2881,2882,2883,2884,2885,2886,2887,2888,2889,2890,2891,2892,2893,
2894,2895,2896,2897,2898,2899,2900,2901,2902,2903,2904,2905,2906,2907,2908,
2909,2910,2911,2912,2913,2914,2915,2916,2917,2918,2919,2920,2921,2922,2923,
2924,2925,2926,2927,2928,2929,2930,2931,2932,2933,2934,2935,2936,2937,2938,
2939,2940,2941,2942,2943,2944,2945,2946,2947,2948,2949,2950,2951,2952,2953,
2954,2955,2956,2957,2958,2959,2960,2961,2962,2963,2964,2965,2966,2967,2968,
2969,2970,2971,2972,2973,2974,2975,2976,2977,2978,2979,2980,2981,2982,2983,
2984,2985,2986,2987,2988,2989,2990,2991,2992,2993,2994,2995,2996,2997,2998,
2999,3000,3001,3002,3003,3004,3005,3006,3007,3008,3009,3010,3011,3012,3013,
3014,3015,3016,3017,3018,3019,3020,3021,3022,3023,3024,3025,3026,3027,3028,
3029,3030,3031,3032,3033,3034,3035,3036,3037,3038,3039,3040,3041,3042,3043,
3044,3045,3046,3047,3048,3049,3050,3051,3052,3053,3054,3055,3056,3057,3058,
3059,3060,3061,3062,3063,3064,3065,3066,3067,3068,3069,3070,3071,3072,3073,
3074,3075,3076,3077,3078,3079,3080,3081,3082,3083,3084,3085,3086,3087,3088,
3089,3090,3091,3092,3093,3094,3095,3096,3097,3098,3099,3100,3101,3102,3103,
3104,3105,3106,3107,3108,3109,3110,3111,3112,3113,3114,3115,3116,3117,3118,
3119,3120,3121,3122,3123,3124,3125,3126,3127,3128,3129,3130,3131,3132,3133,
3134,3135,3136,3137,3138,3139,3140,3141,3142,3143,3144,3145,3146,3147,3148,
3149,3150,3151,3152,3153,3154,3155,3156,3157,3158,3159,3160,3161,3162,3163,
3164,3165,3166,3167,3168,3169,3170,3171,3172,3173,3174,3175,3176,3177,3178,
3179,3180,3181,3182,3183,3184,3185,3186,3187,3188,3189,3190,3191,3192,3193,
3194,3195,3196,3197,3198,3199,3200,3201,3202,3203,3204,3205,3206,3207,3208,
3209,3210,3211,3212,3213,3214,3215,3216,3217,3218,3219,3220,3221,3222,3223,
3224,3225,3226,3227,3228,3229,3230,3231,3232,3233,3234,3235,3236,3237,3238,
3239,3240,3241,3242,3243,3244,3245,3246,3247,3248,3249,3250,3251,3252,3253,
3254,3255,3256,3257,3258,3259,3260,3261,3262,3263,3264,3265,3266,3267,3268,
3269,3270,3271,3272,3273,3274,3275,3276,3277,3278,3279,3280,3281,3282,3283,
3284,3285,3286,3287,3288,3289,3290,3291,3292,3293,3294,3295,3296,3297,3298,
3299,3300,3301,3302,3303,3304,3305,3306,3307,3308,3309,3310,3311,3312,3313,
3314,3315,3316,3317,3318,3319,3320,3321,3322,3323,3324,3325,3326,3327,3328,
3329,3330,3331,3332,3333,3334,3335,3336,3337,3338,3339,3340,3341,3342,3343,
3344,3345,3346,3347,3348,3349,3350,3351,3352,3353,3354,3355,3356,3357,3358,
3359,3360,3361,3362,3363,3364,3365,3366,3367,3368,3369,3370,3371,3372,3373,
3374,3375,3376,3377,3378,3379,3380,3381,3382,3383,3384,3385,3386,3387,3388,
3389,3390,3391,3392,3393,3394,3395,3396,3397,3398,3399,3400,3401,3402,3403,
3404,3405,3406,3407,3408,3409,3410,3411,3412,3413,3414,3415,3416,3417,3418,
3419,3420,3421,3422,3423,3424,3425,3426,3427,3428,3429,3430,3431,3432,3433,
3434,3435,3436,3437,3438,3439,3440,3441,3442,3443,3444,3445,3446,3447,3448,
3449,3450,3451,3452,3453,3454,3455,3456,3457,3458,3459,3460,3461,3462,3463,
3464,3465,3466,3467,3468,3469,3470,3471,3472,3473,3474,3475,3476,3477,3478,
3479,3480,3481,3482,3483,3484,3485,3486,3487,3488,3489,3490,3491,3492,3493,
3494,3495,3496,3497,3498,3499,3500,3501,3502,3503,3504,3505,3506,3507,3508,
3509,3510,3511,3512,3513,3514,3515,3516,3517,3518,3519,3520,3521,3522,3523,
3524,3525,3526,3527,3528,3529,3530,3531,3532,3533,3534,3535,3536,3537,3538,
3539,3540,3541,3542,3543,3544,3545,3546,3547,3548,3549,3550,3551,3552,3553,
3554,3555,3556,3557,3558,3559,3560,3561,3562,3563,3564,3565,3566,3567,3568,
3569,3570,3571,3572,3573,3574,3575,3576,3577,3578,3579,3580,3581,3582,3583,
3584,3585,3586,3587,3588,3589,3590,3591,3592,3593,3594,3595,3596,3597,3598,
3599,3600,3601,3602,3603,3604,3605,3606,3607,3608,3609,3610,3611,3612,3613,
3614,3615,3616,3617,3618,3619,3620,3621,3622,3623,3624,3625,3626,3627,3628,
3629,3630,3631,3632,3633,3634,3635,3636,3637,3638,3639,3640,3641,3642,3643,
3644,3645,3646,3647,3648,3649,3650,3651,3652,3653,3654,3655,3656,3657,3658,
3659,3660,3661,3662,3663,3664,3665,3666,3667,3668,3669,3670,3671,3672,3673,
3674,3675,3676,3677,3678,3679,3680,3681,3682,3683,3684,3685,3686,3687,3688,
3689,3690,3691,3692,3693,3694,3695,3696,3697,3698,3699,3700,3701,3702,3703,
3704,3705,3706,3707,3708,3709,3710,3711,3712,3713,3714,3715,3716,3717,3718,
3719,3720,3721,3722,3723,3724,3725,3726,3727,3728,3729,3730,3731,3732,3733,
3734,3735,3736,3737,3738,3739,3740,3741,3742,3743,3744,3745,3746,3747,3748,
3749,3750,3751,3752,3753,3754,3755,3756,3757,3758,3759,3760,3761,3762,3763,
3764,3765,3766,3767,3768,3769,3770,3771,3772,3773,3774,3775,3776,3777,3778,
3779,3780,3781,3782,3783,3784,3785,3786,3787,3788,3789,3790,3791,3792,3793,
3794,3795,3796,3797,3798,3799,3800,3801,3802,3803,3804,3805,3806,3807,3808,
3809,3810,3811,3812,3813,3814,3815,3816,3817,3818,3819,3820,3821,3822,3823,
3824,3825,3826,3827,3828,3829,3830,3831,3832,3833,3834,3835,3836,3837,3838,
3839,3840,3841,3842,3843,3844,3845,3846,3847,3848,3849,3850,3851,3852,3853,
3854,3855,3856,3857,3858,3859,3860,3861,3862,3863,3864,3865,3866,3867,3868,
3869,3870,3871,3872,3873,3874,3875,3876,3877,3878,3879,3880,3881,3882,3883,
3884,3885,3886,3887,3888,3889,3890,3891,3892,3893,3894,3895,3896,3897,3898,
3899,3900,3901,3902,3903,3904,3905,3906,3907,3908,3909,3910,3911,3912,3913,
3914,3915,3916,3917,3918,3919,3920,3921,3922,3923,3924,3925,3926,3927,3928,
3929,3930,3931,3932,3933,3934,3935,3936,3937,3938,3939,3940,3941,3942,3943,
3944,3945,3946,3947,3948,3949,3950,3951,3952,3953,3954,3955,3956,3957,3958,
3959,3960,3961,3962,3963,3964,3965,3966,3967,3968,3969,3970,3971,3972,3973,
3974,3975,3976,3977,3978,3979,3980,3981,3982,3983,3984,3985,3986,3987,3988,
3989,3990,3991,3992,3993,3994,3995,3996,3997,3998,3999,4000,4001,4002,4003,
4004,4005,4006,4007,4008,4009,4010,4011,4012,4013,4014,4015,4016,4017,4018,
4019,4020,4021,4022,4023,4024,4025,4026,4027,4028,4029,4030,4031,4032,4033,
4034,4035,4036,4037,4038,4039,4040,4041,4042,4043,4044,4045,4046,4047,4048,
4049,4050,4051,4052,4053,4054,4055,4056,4057,4058,4059,4060,4061,4062,4063,
4064,4065,4066,4067,4068,4069,4070,4071,4072,4073,4074,4075,4076,4077,4078,
4079,4080,4081,4082,4083,4084,4085,4086,4087,4088,4089,4090,4091,4092,4093,
4094,4095,4096,4097,4098,4099,4100,4101,4102,4103,4104,4105,4106,4107,4108,
4109,4110,4111,4112,4113,4114,4115,4116,4117,4118,4119,4120,4121,4122,4123,
4124,4125,4126,4127,4128,4129,4130,4131,4132,4133,4134,4135,4136,4137,4138,
4139,4140,4141,4142,4143,4144,4145,4146,4147,4148,4149,4150,4151,4152,4153,
4154,4155,4156,4157,4158,4159,4160,4161,4162,4163,4164,4165,4166,4167,4168,
4169,4170,4171,4172,4173,4174,4175,4176,4177,4178,4179,4180,4181,4182,4183,
4184,4185,4186,4187,4188,4189,4190,4191,4192,4193,4194,4195,4196,4197,4198,
4199,4200,4201,4202,4203,4204,4205,4206,4207,4208,4209,4210,4211,4212,4213,
4214,4215,4216,4217,4218,4219,4220,4221,4222,4223,4224,4225,4226,4227,4228,
4229,4230,4231,4232,4233,4234,4235,4236,4237,4238,4239,4240,4241,4242,4243,
4244,4245,4246,4247,4248,4249,4250,4251,4252,4253,4254,4255,4256,4257,4258,
4259,4260,4261,4262,4263,4264,4265,4266,4267,4268,4269,4270,4271,4272,4273,
4274,4275,4276,4277,4278,4279,4280,4281,4282,4283,4284,4285,4286,4287,4288,
4289,4290,4291,4292,4293,4294,4295,4296,4297,4298,4299,4300,4301,4302,4303,
4304,4305,4306,4307,4308,4309,4310,4311,4312,4313,4314,4315,4316,4317,4318,
4319,4320,4321,4322,4323,4324,4325,4326,4327,4328,4329,4330,4331,4332,4333,
4334,4335,4336,4337,4338,4339,4340,4341,4342,4343,4344,4345,4346,4347,4348,
4349,4350,4351,4352,4353,4354,4355,4356,4357,4358,4359,4360,4361,4362,4363,
4364,4365,4366,4367,4368,4369,4370,4371,4372,4373,4374,4375,4376,4377,4378,
4379,4380,4381,4382,4383,4384,4385,4386,4387,4388,4389,4390,4391,4392,4393,
4394,4395,4396,4397,4398,4399,4400,4401,4402,4403,4404,4405,4406,4407,4408,
4409,4410,4411,4412,4413,4414,4415,4416,4417,4418,4419,4420,4421,4422,4423,
4424,4425,4426,4427,4428,4429,4430,4431,4432,4433,4434,4435,4436,4437,4438,
4439,4440,4441,4442,4443,4444,4445,4446,4447,4448,4449,4450,4451,4452,4453,
4454,4455,4456,4457,4458,4459,4460,4461,4462,4463,4464,4465,4466,4467,4468,
4469,4470,4471,4472,4473,4474,4475,4476,4477,4478,4479,4480,4481,4482,4483,
4484,4485,4486,4487,4488,4489,4490,4491,4492,4493,4494,4495,4496,4497,4498,
4499,4500,4501,4502,4503,4504,4505,4506,4507,4508,4509,4510,4511,4512,4513,
4514,4515,4516,4517,4518,4519,4520,4521,4522,4523,4524,4525,4526,4527,4528,
4529,4530,4531,4532,4533,4534,4535,4536,4537,4538,4539,4540,4541,4542,4543,
4544,4545,4546,4547,4548,4549,4550,4551,4552,4553,4554,4555,4556,4557,4558,
4559,4560,4561,4562,4563,4564,4565,4566,4567,4568,4569,4570,4571,4572,4573,
4574,4575,4576,4577,4578,4579,4580,4581,4582,4583,4584,4585,4586,4587,4588,
4589,4590,4591,4592,4593,4594,4595,4596,4597,4598,4599,4600,4601,4602,4603,
4604,4605,4606,4607,4608,4609,4610,4611,4612,4613,4614,4615,4616,4617,4618,
4619,4620,4621,4622,4623,4624,4625,4626,4627,4628,4629,4630,4631,4632,4633,
4634,4635,4636,4637,4638,4639,4640,4641,4642,4643,4644,4645,4646,4647,4648,
4649,4650,4651,4652,4653,4654,4655,4656,4657,4658,4659,4660,4661,4662,4663,
4664,4665,4666,4667,4668,4669,4670,4671,4672,4673,4674,4675,4676,4677,4678,
4679,4680,4681,4682,4683,4684,4685,4686,4687,4688,4689,4690,4691,4692,4693,
4694,4695,4696,4697,4698,4699,4700,4701,4702,4703,4704,4705,4706,4707,4708,
4709,4710,4711,4712,4713,4714,4715,4716,4717,4718,4719,4720,4721,4722,4723,
4724,4725,4726,4727,4728,4729,4730,4731,4732,4733,4734,4735,4736,4737,4738,
4739,4740,4741,4742,4743,4744,4745,4746,4747,4748,4749,4750,4751,4752,4753,
4754,4755,4756,4757,4758,4759,4760,4761,4762,4763,4764,4765,4766,4767,4768,
4769,4770,4771,4772,4773,4774,4775,4776,4777,4778,4779,4780,4781,4782,4783,
4784,4785,4786,4787,4788,4789,4790,4791,4792,4793,4794,4795,4796,4797,4798,
4799,4800,4801,4802,4803,4804,4805,4806,4807,4808,4809,4810,4811,4812,4813,
4814,4815,4816,4817,4818,4819,4820,4821,4822,4823,4824,4825,4826,4827,4828,
4829,4830,4831,4832,4833,4834,4835,4836,4837,4838,4839,4840,4841,4842,4843,
4844,4845,4846,4847,4848,4849,4850,4851,4852,4853,4854,4855,4856,4857,4858,
4859,4860,4861,4862,4863,4864,4865,4866,4867,4868,4869,4870,4871,4872,4873,
4874,4875,4876,4877,4878,4879,4880,4881,4882,4883,4884,4885,4886,4887,4888,
4889,4890,4891,4892,4893,4894,4895,4896,4897,4898,4899,4900,4901,4902,4903,
4904,4905,4906,4907,4908,4909,4910,4911,4912,4913,4914,4915,4916,4917,4918,
4919,4920,4921,4922,4923,4924,4925,4926,4927,4928,4929,4930,4931,4932,4933,
4934,4935,4936,4937,4938,4939,4940,4941,4942,4943,4944,4945,4946,4947,4948,
4949,4950,4951,4952,4953,4954,4955,4956,4957,4958,4959,4960,4961,4962,4963,
4964,4965,4966,4967,4968,4969,4970,4971,4972,4973,4974,4975,4976,4977,4978,
4979,4980,4981,4982,4983,4984,4985,4986,4987,4988,4989,4990,4991,4992,4993,
4994,4995,4996,4997,4998,4999,5000,5001,5002,5003,5004,5005,5006,5007,5008,
5009,5010,5011,5012,5013,5014,5015,5016,5017,5018,5019,5020,5021,5022,5023,
5024,5025,5026,5027,5028,5029,5030,5031,5032,5033,5034,5035,5036,5037,5038,
5039,5040,5041,5042,5043,5044,5045,5046,5047,5048,5049,5050,5051,5052,5053,
5054,5055,5056,5057,5058,5059,5060,5061,5062,5063,5064,5065,5066,5067,5068,
5069,5070,5071,5072,5073,5074,5075,5076,5077,5078,5079,5080,5081,5082,5083,
5084,5085,5086,5087,5088,5089,5090,5091,5092,5093,5094,5095,5096,5097,5098,
5099,5100,5101,5102,5103,5104,5105,5106,5107,5108,5109,5110,5111,5112,5113,
5114,5115,5116,5117,5118,5119,5120,5121,5122,5123,5124,5125,5126,5127,5128,
5129,5130,5131,5132,5133,5134,5135,5136,5137,5138,5139,5140,5141,5142,5143,
5144,5145,5146,5147,5148,5149,5150,5151,5152,5153,5154,5155,5156,5157,5158,
5159,5160,5161,5162,5163,5164,5165,5166,5167,5168,5169,5170,5171,5172,5173,
5174,5175,5176,5177,5178,5179,5180,5181,5182,5183,5184,5185,5186,5187,5188,
5189,5190,5191,5192,5193,5194,5195,5196,5197,5198,5199,5200,5201,5202,5203,
5204,5205,5206,5207,5208,5209,5210,5211,5212,5213,5214,5215,5216,5217,5218,
5219,5220,5221,5222,5223,5224,5225,5226,5227,5228,5229,5230,5231,5232,5233,
5234,5235,5236,5237,5238,5239,5240,5241,5242,5243,5244,5245,5246,5247,5248,
5249,5250,5251,5252,5253,5254,5255,5256,5257,5258,5259,5260,5261,5262,5263,
5264,5265,5266,5267,5268,5269,5270,5271,5272,5273,5274,5275,5276,5277,5278,
5279,5280,5281,5282,5283,5284,5285,5286,5287,5288,5289,5290,5291,5292,5293,
5294,5295,5296,5297,5298,5299,5300,5301,5302,5303,5304,5305,5306,5307,5308,
5309,5310,5311,5312,5313,5314,5315,5316,5317,5318,5319,5320,5321,5322,5323,
5324,5325,5326,5327,5328,5329,5330,5331,5332,5333,5334,5335,5336,5337,5338,
5339,5340,5341,5342,5343,5344,5345,5346,5347,5348,5349,5350,5351,5352,5353,
5354,5355,5356,5357,5358,5359,5360,5361,5362,5363,5364,5365,5366,5367,5368,
5369,5370,5371,5372,5373,5374,5375,5376,5377,5378,5379,5380,5381,5382,5383,
5384,5385,5386,5387,5388,5389,5390,5391,5392,5393,5394,5395,5396,5397,5398,
5399,5400,5401,5402,5403,5404,5405,5406,5407,5408,5409,5410,5411,5412,5413,
5414,5415,5416,5417,5418,5419,5420,5421,5422,5423,5424,5425,5426,5427,5428,
5429,5430,5431,5432,5433,5434,5435,5436,5437,5438,5439,5440,5441,5442,5443,
5444,5445,5446,5447,5448,5449,5450,5451,5452,5453,5454,5455,5456,5457,5458,
5459,5460,5461,5462,5463,5464,5465,5466,5467,5468,5469,5470,5471,5472,5473,
5474,5475,5476,5477,5478,5479,5480,5481,5482,5483,5484,5485,5486,5487,5488,
5489,5490,5491,5492,5493,5494,5495,5496,5497,5498,5499,5500,5501,5502,5503,
5504,5505,5506,5507,5508,5509,5510,5511,5512,5513,5514,5515,5516,5517,5518,
5519,5520,5521,5522,5523,5524,5525,5526,5527,5528,5529,5530,5531,5532,5533,
5534,5535,5536,5537,5538,5539,5540,5541,5542,5543,5544,5545,5546,5547,5548,
5549,5550,5551,5552,5553,5554,5555,5556,5557,5558,5559,5560,5561,5562,5563,
5564,5565,5566,5567,5568,5569,5570,5571,5572,5573,5574,5575,5576,5577,5578,
5579,5580,5581,5582,5583,5584,5585,5586,5587,5588,5589,5590,5591,5592,5593,
5594,5595,5596,5597,5598,5599,5600,5601,5602,5603,5604,5605,5606,5607,5608,
5609,5610,5611,5612,5613,5614,5615,5616,5617,5618,5619,5620,5621,5622,5623,
5624,5625,5626,5627,5628,5629,5630,5631,5632,5633,5634,5635,5636,5637,5638,
5639,5640,5641,5642,5643,5644,5645,5646,5647,5648,5649,5650,5651,5652,5653,
5654,5655,5656,5657,5658,5659,5660,5661,5662,5663,5664,5665,5666,5667,5668,
5669,5670,5671,5672,5673,5674,5675,5676,5677,5678,5679,5680,5681,5682,5683,
5684,5685,5686,5687,5688,5689,5690,5691,5692,5693,5694,5695,5696,5697,5698,
5699,5700,5701,5702,5703,5704,5705,5706,5707,5708,5709,5710,5711,5712,5713,
5714,5715,5716,5717,5718,5719,5720,5721,5722,5723,5724,5725,5726,5727,5728,
5729,5730,5731,5732,5733,5734,5735,5736,5737,5738,5739,5740,5741,5742,5743,
5744,5745,5746,5747,5748,5749,5750,5751,5752,5753,5754,5755,5756,5757,5758,
5759,5760,5761,5762,5763,5764,5765,5766,5767,5768,5769,5770,5771,5772,5773,
5774,5775,5776,5777,5778,5779,5780,5781,5782,5783,5784,5785,5786,5787,5788,
5789,5790,5791,5792,5793,5794,5795,5796,5797,5798,5799,5800,5801,5802,5803,
5804,5805,5806,5807,5808,5809,5810,5811,5812,5813,5814,5815,5816,5817,5818,
5819,5820,5821,5822,5823,5824,5825,5826,5827,5828,5829,5830,5831,5832,5833,
5834,5835,5836,5837,5838,5839,5840,5841,5842,5843,5844,5845,5846,5847,5848,
5849,5850,5851,5852,5853,5854,5855,5856,5857,5858,5859,5860,5861,5862,5863,
5864,5865,5866,5867,5868,5869,5870,5871,5872,5873,5874,5875,5876,5877,5878,
5879,5880,5881,5882,5883,5884,5885,5886,5887,5888,5889,5890,5891,5892,5893,
5894,5895,5896,5897,5898,5899,5900,5901,5902,5903,5904,5905,5906,5907,5908,
5909,5910,5911,5912,5913,5914,5915,5916,5917,5918,5919,5920,5921,5922,5923,
5924,5925,5926,5927,5928,5929,5930,5931,5932,5933,5934,5935,5936,5937,5938,
5939,5940,5941,5942,5943,5944,5945,5946,5947,5948,5949,5950,5951,5952,5953,
5954,5955,5956,5957,5958,5959,5960,5961,5962,5963,5964,5965,5966,5967,5968,
5969,5970,5971,5972,5973,5974,5975,5976,5977,5978,5979,5980,5981,5982,5983,
5984,5985,5986,5987,5988,5989,5990,5991,5992,5993,5994,5995,5996,5997,5998,
5999,6000,6001,6002,6003,6004,6005,6006,6007,6008,6009,6010,6011,6012,6013,
6014,6015,6016,6017,6018,6019,6020,6021,6022,6023,6024,6025,6026,6027,6028,
6029,6030,6031,6032,6033,6034,6035,6036,6037,6038,6039,6040,6041,6042,6043,
6044,6045,6046,6047,6048,6049,6050,6051,6052,6053,6054,6055,6056,6057,6058,
6059,6060,6061,6062,6063,6064,6065,6066,6067,6068,6069,6070,6071,6072,6073,
6074,6075,6076,6077,6078,6079,6080,6081,6082,6083,6084,6085,6086,6087,6088,
6089,6090,6091,6092,6093,6094,6095,6096,6097,6098,6099,6100,6101,6102,6103,
6104,6105,6106,6107,6108,6109,6110,6111,6112,6113,6114,6115,6116,6117,6118,
6119,6120,6121,6122,6123,6124,6125,6126,6127,6128,6129,6130,6131,6132,6133,
6134,6135,6136,6137,6138,6139,6140,6141,6142,6143,6144,6145,6146,6147,6148,
6149,6150,6151,6152,6153,6154,6155,6156,6157,6158,6159,6160,6161,6162,6163,
6164,6165,6166,6167,6168,6169,6170,6171,6172,6173,6174,6175,6176,6177,6178,
6179,6180,6181,6182,6183,6184,6185,6186,6187,6188,6189,6190,6191,6192,6193,
6194,6195,6196,6197,6198,6199,6200,6201,6202,6203,6204,6205,6206,6207,6208,
6209,6210,6211,6212,6213,6214,6215,6216,6217,6218,6219,6220,6221,6222,6223,
6224,6225,6226,6227,6228,6229,6230,6231,6232,6233,6234,6235,6236,6237,6238,
6239,6240,6241,6242,6243,6244,6245,6246,6247,6248,6249,6250,6251,6252,6253,
6254,6255,6256,6257,6258,6259,6260,6261,6262,6263,6264,6265,6266,6267,6268,
6269,6270,6271,6272,6273,6274,6275,6276,6277,6278,6279,6280,6281,6282,6283,
6284,6285,6286,6287,6288,6289,6290,6291,6292,6293,6294,6295,6296,6297,6298,
6299,6300,6301,6302,6303,6304,6305,6306,6307,6308,6309,6310,6311,6312,6313,
6314,6315,6316,6317,6318,6319,6320,6321,6322,6323,6324,6325,6326,6327,6328,
6329,6330,6331,6332,6333,6334,6335,6336,6337,6338,6339,6340,6341,6342,6343,
6344,6345,6346,6347,6348,6349,6350,6351,6352,6353,6354,6355,6356,6357,6358,
6359,6360,6361,6362,6363,6364,6365,6366,6367,6368,6369,6370,6371,6372,6373,
6374,6375,6376,6377,6378,6379,6380,6381,6382,6383,6384,6385,6386,6387,6388,
6389,6390,6391,6392,6393,6394,6395,6396,6397,6398,6399,6400,6401,6402,6403,
6404,6405,6406,6407,6408,6409,6410,6411,6412,6413,6414,6415,6416,6417,6418,
6419,6420,6421,6422,6423,6424,6425,6426,6427,6428,6429,6430,6431,6432,6433,
6434,6435,6436,6437,6438,6439,6440,6441,6442,6443,6444,6445,6446,6447,6448,
6449,6450,6451,6452,6453,6454,6455,6456,6457,6458,6459,6460,6461,6462,6463,
6464,6465,6466,6467,6468,6469,6470,6471,6472,6473,6474,6475,6476,6477,6478,
6479,6480,6481,6482,6483,6484,6485,6486,6487,6488,6489,6490,6491,6492,6493,
6494,6495,6496,6497,6498,6499,6500,6501,6502,6503,6504,6505,6506,6507,6508,
6509,6510,6511,6512,6513,6514,6515,6516,6517,6518,6519,6520,6521,6522,6523,
6524,6525,6526,6527,6528,6529,6530,6531,6532,6533,6534,6535,6536,6537,6538,
6539,6540,6541,6542,6543,6544,6545,6546,6547,6548,6549,6550,6551,6552,6553,
6554,6555,6556,6557,6558,6559,6560,6561,6562,6563,6564,6565,6566,6567,6568,
6569,6570,6571,6572,6573,6574,6575,6576,6577,6578,6579,6580,6581,6582,6583,
6584,6585,6586,6587,6588,6589,6590,6591,6592,6593,6594,6595,6596,6597,6598,
6599,6600,6601,6602,6603,6604,6605,6606,6607,6608,6609,6610,6611,6612,6613,
6614,6615,6616,6617,6618,6619,6620,6621,6622,6623,6624,6625,6626,6627,6628,
6629,6630,6631,6632,6633,6634,6635,6636,6637,6638,6639,6640,6641,6642,6643,
6644,6645,6646,6647,6648,6649,6650,6651,6652,6653,6654,6655,6656,6657,6658,
6659,6660,6661,6662,6663,6664,6665,6666,6667,6668,6669,6670,6671,6672,6673,
6674,6675,6676,6677,6678,6679,6680,6681,6682,6683,6684,6685,6686,6687,6688,
6689,6690,6691,6692,6693,6694,6695,6696,6697,6698,6699,6700,6701,6702,6703,
6704,6705,6706,6707,6708,6709,6710,6711,6712,6713,6714,6715,6716,6717,6718,
6719,6720,6721,6722,6723,6724,6725,6726,6727,6728,6729,6730,6731,6732,6733,
6734,6735,6736,6737,6738,6739,6740,6741,6742,6743,6744,6745,6746,6747,6748,
6749,6750,6751,6752,6753,6754,6755,6756,6757,6758,6759,6760,6761,6762,6763,
6764,6765,6766,6767,6768,6769,6770,6771,6772,6773,6774,6775,6776,6777,6778,
6779,6780,6781,6782,6783,6784,6785,6786,6787,6788,6789,6790,6791,6792,6793,
6794,6795,6796,6797,6798,6799,6800,6801,6802,6803,6804,6805,6806,6807,6808,
6809,6810,6811,6812,6813,6814,6815,6816,6817,6818,6819,6820,6821,6822,6823,
6824,6825,6826,6827,6828,6829,6830,6831,6832,6833,6834,6835,6836,6837,6838,
6839,6840,6841,6842,6843,6844,6845,6846,6847,6848,6849,6850,6851,6852,6853,
6854,6855,6856,6857,6858,6859,6860,6861,6862,6863,6864,6865,6866,6867,6868,
6869,6870,6871,6872,6873,6874,6875,6876,6877,6878,6879,6880,6881,6882,6883,
6884,6885,6886,6887,6888,6889,6890,6891,6892,6893,6894,6895,6896,6897,6898,
6899,6900,6901,6902,6903,6904,6905,6906,6907,6908,6909,6910,6911,6912,6913,
6914,6915,6916,6917,6918,6919,6920,6921,6922,6923,6924,6925,6926,6927,6928,
6929,6930,6931,6932,6933,6934,6935,6936,6937,6938,6939,6940,6941,6942,6943,
6944,6945,6946,6947,6948,6949,6950,6951,6952,6953,6954,6955,6956,6957,6958,
6959,6960,6961,6962,6963,6964,6965,6966,6967,6968,6969,6970,6971,6972,6973,
6974,6975,6976,6977,6978,6979,6980,6981,6982,6983,6984,6985,6986,6987,6988,
6989,6990,6991,6992,6993,6994,6995,6996,6997,6998,6999,7000,7001,7002,7003,
7004,7005,7006,7007,7008,7009,7010,7011,7012,7013,7014,7015,7016,7017,7018,
7019,7020,7021,7022,7023,7024,7025,7026,7027,7028,7029,7030,7031,7032,7033,
7034,7035,7036,7037,7038,7039,7040,7041,7042,7043,7044,7045,7046,7047,7048,
7049,7050,7051,7052,7053,7054,7055,7056,7057,7058,7059,7060,7061,7062,7063,
7064,7065,7066,7067,7068,7069,7070,7071,7072,7073,7074,7075,7076,7077,7078,
7079,7080,7081,7082,7083,7084,7085,7086,7087,7088,7089,7090,7091,7092,7093,
7094,7095,7096,7097,7098,7099,7100,7101,7102,7103,7104,7105,7106,7107,7108,
7109,7110,7111,7112,7113,7114,7115,7116,7117,7118,7119,7120,7121,7122,7123,
7124,7125,7126,7127,7128,7129,7130,7131,7132,7133,7134,7135,7136,7137,7138,
7139,7140,7141,7142,7143,7144,7145,7146,7147,7148,7149,7150,7151,7152,7153,
7154,7155,7156,7157,7158,7159,7160,7161,7162,7163,7164,7165,7166,7167,7168,
7169,7170,7171,7172,7173,7174,7175,7176,7177,7178,7179,7180,7181,7182,7183,
7184,7185,7186,7187,7188,7189,7190,7191,7192,7193,7194,7195,7196,7197,7198,
7199,7200,7201,7202,7203,7204,7205,7206,7207,7208,7209,7210,7211,7212,7213,
7214,7215,7216,7217,7218,7219,7220,7221,7222,7223,7224,7225,7226,7227,7228,
7229,7230,7231,7232,7233,7234,7235,7236,7237,7238,7239,7240,7241,7242,7243,
7244,7245,7246,7247,7248,7249,7250,7251,7252,7253,7254,7255,7256,7257,7258,
7259,7260,7261,7262,7263,7264,7265,7266,7267,7268,7269,7270,7271,7272,7273,
7274,7275,7276,7277,7278,7279,7280,7281,7282,7283,7284,7285,7286,7287,7288,
7289,7290,7291,7292,7293,7294,7295,7296,7297,7298,7299,7300,7301,7302,7303,
7304,7305,7306,7307,7308,7309,7310,7311,7312,7313,7314,7315,7316,7317,7318,
7319,7320,7321,7322,7323,7324,7325,7326,7327,7328,7329,7330,7331,7332,7333,
7334,7335,7336,7337,7338,7339,7340,7341,7342,7343,7344,7345,7346,7347,7348,
7349,7350,7351,7352,7353,7354,7355,7356,7357,7358,7359,7360,7361,7362,7363,
7364,7365,7366,7367,7368,7369,7370,7371,7372,7373,7374,7375,7376,7377,7378,
7379,7380,7381,7382,7383,7384,7385,7386,7387,7388,7389,7390,7391,7392,7393,
7394,7395,7396,7397,7398,7399,7400,7401,7402,7403,7404,7405,7406,7407,7408,
7409,7410,7411,7412,7413,7414,7415,7416,7417,7418,7419,7420,7421,7422,7423,
7424,7425,7426,7427,7428,7429,7430,7431,7432,7433,7434,7435,7436,7437,7438,
7439,7440,7441,7442,7443,7444,7445,7446,7447,7448,7449,7450,7451,7452,7453,
7454,7455,7456,7457,7458,7459,7460,7461,7462,7463,7464,7465,7466,7467,7468,
7469,7470,7471,7472,7473,7474,7475,7476,7477,7478,7479,7480,7481,7482,7483,
7484,7485,7486,7487,7488,7489,7490,7491,7492,7493,7494,7495,7496,7497,7498,
7499,7500,7501,7502,7503,7504,7505,7506,7507,7508,7509,7510,7511,7512,7513,
7514,7515,7516,7517,7518,7519,7520,7521,7522,7523,7524,7525,7526,7527,7528,
7529,7530,7531,7532,7533,7534,7535,7536,7537,7538,7539,7540,7541,7542,7543,
7544,42877L,7546,7547,7548,11363,7550,7551,7552,7553,7554,7555,7556,7557,
7558,7559,7560,7561,7562,7563,7564,7565,7566,7567,7568,7569,7570,7571,7572,
7573,7574,7575,7576,7577,7578,7579,7580,7581,7582,7583,7584,7585,7586,7587,
7588,7589,7590,7591,7592,7593,7594,7595,7596,7597,7598,7599,7600,7601,7602,
7603,7604,7605,7606,7607,7608,7609,7610,7611,7612,7613,7614,7615,7616,7617,
7618,7619,7620,7621,7622,7623,7624,7625,7626,7627,7628,7629,7630,7631,7632,
7633,7634,7635,7636,7637,7638,7639,7640,7641,7642,7643,7644,7645,7646,7647,
7648,7649,7650,7651,7652,7653,7654,7655,7656,7657,7658,7659,7660,7661,7662,
7663,7664,7665,7666,7667,7668,7669,7670,7671,7672,7673,7674,7675,7676,7677,
7678,7679,7680,7680,7682,7682,7684,7684,7686,7686,7688,7688,7690,7690,7692,
7692,7694,7694,7696,7696,7698,7698,7700,7700,7702,7702,7704,7704,7706,7706,
7708,7708,7710,7710,7712,7712,7714,7714,7716,7716,7718,7718,7720,7720,7722,
7722,7724,7724,7726,7726,7728,7728,7730,7730,7732,7732,7734,7734,7736,7736,
7738,7738,7740,7740,7742,7742,7744,7744,7746,7746,7748,7748,7750,7750,7752,
7752,7754,7754,7756,7756,7758,7758,7760,7760,7762,7762,7764,7764,7766,7766,
7768,7768,7770,7770,7772,7772,7774,7774,7776,7776,7778,7778,7780,7780,7782,
7782,7784,7784,7786,7786,7788,7788,7790,7790,7792,7792,7794,7794,7796,7796,
7798,7798,7800,7800,7802,7802,7804,7804,7806,7806,7808,7808,7810,7810,7812,
7812,7814,7814,7816,7816,7818,7818,7820,7820,7822,7822,7824,7824,7826,7826,
7828,7828,7830,7831,7832,7833,7834,7776,7836,7837,7838,7839,7840,7840,7842,
7842,7844,7844,7846,7846,7848,7848,7850,7850,7852,7852,7854,7854,7856,7856,
7858,7858,7860,7860,7862,7862,7864,7864,7866,7866,7868,7868,7870,7870,7872,
7872,7874,7874,7876,7876,7878,7878,7880,7880,7882,7882,7884,7884,7886,7886,
7888,7888,7890,7890,7892,7892,7894,7894,7896,7896,7898,7898,7900,7900,7902,
7902,7904,7904,7906,7906,7908,7908,7910,7910,7912,7912,7914,7914,7916,7916,
7918,7918,7920,7920,7922,7922,7924,7924,7926,7926,7928,7928,7930,7930,7932,
7932,7934,7934,7944,7945,7946,7947,7948,7949,7950,7951,7944,7945,7946,7947,
7948,7949,7950,7951,7960,7961,7962,7963,7964,7965,7958,7959,7960,7961,7962,
7963,7964,7965,7966,7967,7976,7977,7978,7979,7980,7981,7982,7983,7976,7977,
7978,7979,7980,7981,7982,7983,7992,7993,7994,7995,7996,7997,7998,7999,7992,
7993,7994,7995,7996,7997,7998,7999,8008,8009,8010,8011,8012,8013,8006,8007,
8008,8009,8010,8011,8012,8013,8014,8015,8016,8025,8018,8027,8020,8029,8022,
8031,8024,8025,8026,8027,8028,8029,8030,8031,8040,8041,8042,8043,8044,8045,
8046,8047,8040,8041,8042,8043,8044,8045,8046,8047,8122,8123,8136,8137,8138,
8139,8154,8155,8184,8185,8170,8171,8186,8187,8062,8063,8064,8065,8066,8067,
8068,8069,8070,8071,8072,8073,8074,8075,8076,8077,8078,8079,8080,8081,8082,
8083,8084,8085,8086,8087,8088,8089,8090,8091,8092,8093,8094,8095,8096,8097,
8098,8099,8100,8101,8102,8103,8104,8105,8106,8107,8108,8109,8110,8111,8120,
8121,8114,8115,8116,8117,8118,8119,8120,8121,8122,8123,8124,8125,921,8127,
8128,8129,8130,8131,8132,8133,8134,8135,8136,8137,8138,8139,8140,8141,8142,
8143,8152,8153,8146,8147,8148,8149,8150,8151,8152,8153,8154,8155,8156,8157,
8158,8159,8168,8169,8162,8163,8164,8172,8166,8167,8168,8169,8170,8171,8172,
8173,8174,8175,8176,8177,8178,8179,8180,8181,8182,8183,8184,8185,8186,8187,
8188,8189,8190,8191,8192,8193,8194,8195,8196,8197,8198,8199,8200,8201,8202,
8203,8204,8205,8206,8207,8208,8209,8210,8211,8212,8213,8214,8215,8216,8217,
8218,8219,8220,8221,8222,8223,8224,8225,8226,8227,8228,8229,8230,8231,8232,
8233,8234,8235,8236,8237,8238,8239,8240,8241,8242,8243,8244,8245,8246,8247,
8248,8249,8250,8251,8252,8253,8254,8255,8256,8257,8258,8259,8260,8261,8262,
8263,8264,8265,8266,8267,8268,8269,8270,8271,8272,8273,8274,8275,8276,8277,
8278,8279,8280,8281,8282,8283,8284,8285,8286,8287,8288,8289,8290,8291,8292,
8293,8294,8295,8296,8297,8298,8299,8300,8301,8302,8303,8304,8305,8306,8307,
8308,8309,8310,8311,8312,8313,8314,8315,8316,8317,8318,8319,8320,8321,8322,
8323,8324,8325,8326,8327,8328,8329,8330,8331,8332,8333,8334,8335,8336,8337,
8338,8339,8340,8341,8342,8343,8344,8345,8346,8347,8348,8349,8350,8351,8352,
8353,8354,8355,8356,8357,8358,8359,8360,8361,8362,8363,8364,8365,8366,8367,
8368,8369,8370,8371,8372,8373,8374,8375,8376,8377,8378,8379,8380,8381,8382,
8383,8384,8385,8386,8387,8388,8389,8390,8391,8392,8393,8394,8395,8396,8397,
8398,8399,8400,8401,8402,8403,8404,8405,8406,8407,8408,8409,8410,8411,8412,
8413,8414,8415,8416,8417,8418,8419,8420,8421,8422,8423,8424,8425,8426,8427,
8428,8429,8430,8431,8432,8433,8434,8435,8436,8437,8438,8439,8440,8441,8442,
8443,8444,8445,8446,8447,8448,8449,8450,8451,8452,8453,8454,8455,8456,8457,
8458,8459,8460,8461,8462,8463,8464,8465,8466,8467,8468,8469,8470,8471,8472,
8473,8474,8475,8476,8477,8478,8479,8480,8481,8482,8483,8484,8485,8486,8487,
8488,8489,8490,8491,8492,8493,8494,8495,8496,8497,8498,8499,8500,8501,8502,
8503,8504,8505,8506,8507,8508,8509,8510,8511,8512,8513,8514,8515,8516,8517,
8518,8519,8520,8521,8522,8523,8524,8525,8498,8527,8528,8529,8530,8531,8532,
8533,8534,8535,8536,8537,8538,8539,8540,8541,8542,8543,8544,8545,8546,8547,
8548,8549,8550,8551,8552,8553,8554,8555,8556,8557,8558,8559,8544,8545,8546,
8547,8548,8549,8550,8551,8552,8553,8554,8555,8556,8557,8558,8559,8576,8577,
8578,8579,8579,8581,8582,8583,8584,8585,8586,8587,8588,8589,8590,8591,8592,
8593,8594,8595,8596,8597,8598,8599,8600,8601,8602,8603,8604,8605,8606,8607,
8608,8609,8610,8611,8612,8613,8614,8615,8616,8617,8618,8619,8620,8621,8622,
8623,8624,8625,8626,8627,8628,8629,8630,8631,8632,8633,8634,8635,8636,8637,
8638,8639,8640,8641,8642,8643,8644,8645,8646,8647,8648,8649,8650,8651,8652,
8653,8654,8655,8656,8657,8658,8659,8660,8661,8662,8663,8664,8665,8666,8667,
8668,8669,8670,8671,8672,8673,8674,8675,8676,8677,8678,8679,8680,8681,8682,
8683,8684,8685,8686,8687,8688,8689,8690,8691,8692,8693,8694,8695,8696,8697,
8698,8699,8700,8701,8702,8703,8704,8705,8706,8707,8708,8709,8710,8711,8712,
8713,8714,8715,8716,8717,8718,8719,8720,8721,8722,8723,8724,8725,8726,8727,
8728,8729,8730,8731,8732,8733,8734,8735,8736,8737,8738,8739,8740,8741,8742,
8743,8744,8745,8746,8747,8748,8749,8750,8751,8752,8753,8754,8755,8756,8757,
8758,8759,8760,8761,8762,8763,8764,8765,8766,8767,8768,8769,8770,8771,8772,
8773,8774,8775,8776,8777,8778,8779,8780,8781,8782,8783,8784,8785,8786,8787,
8788,8789,8790,8791,8792,8793,8794,8795,8796,8797,8798,8799,8800,8801,8802,
8803,8804,8805,8806,8807,8808,8809,8810,8811,8812,8813,8814,8815,8816,8817,
8818,8819,8820,8821,8822,8823,8824,8825,8826,8827,8828,8829,8830,8831,8832,
8833,8834,8835,8836,8837,8838,8839,8840,8841,8842,8843,8844,8845,8846,8847,
8848,8849,8850,8851,8852,8853,8854,8855,8856,8857,8858,8859,8860,8861,8862,
8863,8864,8865,8866,8867,8868,8869,8870,8871,8872,8873,8874,8875,8876,8877,
8878,8879,8880,8881,8882,8883,8884,8885,8886,8887,8888,8889,8890,8891,8892,
8893,8894,8895,8896,8897,8898,8899,8900,8901,8902,8903,8904,8905,8906,8907,
8908,8909,8910,8911,8912,8913,8914,8915,8916,8917,8918,8919,8920,8921,8922,
8923,8924,8925,8926,8927,8928,8929,8930,8931,8932,8933,8934,8935,8936,8937,
8938,8939,8940,8941,8942,8943,8944,8945,8946,8947,8948,8949,8950,8951,8952,
8953,8954,8955,8956,8957,8958,8959,8960,8961,8962,8963,8964,8965,8966,8967,
8968,8969,8970,8971,8972,8973,8974,8975,8976,8977,8978,8979,8980,8981,8982,
8983,8984,8985,8986,8987,8988,8989,8990,8991,8992,8993,8994,8995,8996,8997,
8998,8999,9000,9001,9002,9003,9004,9005,9006,9007,9008,9009,9010,9011,9012,
9013,9014,9015,9016,9017,9018,9019,9020,9021,9022,9023,9024,9025,9026,9027,
9028,9029,9030,9031,9032,9033,9034,9035,9036,9037,9038,9039,9040,9041,9042,
9043,9044,9045,9046,9047,9048,9049,9050,9051,9052,9053,9054,9055,9056,9057,
9058,9059,9060,9061,9062,9063,9064,9065,9066,9067,9068,9069,9070,9071,9072,
9073,9074,9075,9076,9077,9078,9079,9080,9081,9082,9083,9084,9085,9086,9087,
9088,9089,9090,9091,9092,9093,9094,9095,9096,9097,9098,9099,9100,9101,9102,
9103,9104,9105,9106,9107,9108,9109,9110,9111,9112,9113,9114,9115,9116,9117,
9118,9119,9120,9121,9122,9123,9124,9125,9126,9127,9128,9129,9130,9131,9132,
9133,9134,9135,9136,9137,9138,9139,9140,9141,9142,9143,9144,9145,9146,9147,
9148,9149,9150,9151,9152,9153,9154,9155,9156,9157,9158,9159,9160,9161,9162,
9163,9164,9165,9166,9167,9168,9169,9170,9171,9172,9173,9174,9175,9176,9177,
9178,9179,9180,9181,9182,9183,9184,9185,9186,9187,9188,9189,9190,9191,9192,
9193,9194,9195,9196,9197,9198,9199,9200,9201,9202,9203,9204,9205,9206,9207,
9208,9209,9210,9211,9212,9213,9214,9215,9216,9217,9218,9219,9220,9221,9222,
9223,9224,9225,9226,9227,9228,9229,9230,9231,9232,9233,9234,9235,9236,9237,
9238,9239,9240,9241,9242,9243,9244,9245,9246,9247,9248,9249,9250,9251,9252,
9253,9254,9255,9256,9257,9258,9259,9260,9261,9262,9263,9264,9265,9266,9267,
9268,9269,9270,9271,9272,9273,9274,9275,9276,9277,9278,9279,9280,9281,9282,
9283,9284,9285,9286,9287,9288,9289,9290,9291,9292,9293,9294,9295,9296,9297,
9298,9299,9300,9301,9302,9303,9304,9305,9306,9307,9308,9309,9310,9311,9312,
9313,9314,9315,9316,9317,9318,9319,9320,9321,9322,9323,9324,9325,9326,9327,
9328,9329,9330,9331,9332,9333,9334,9335,9336,9337,9338,9339,9340,9341,9342,
9343,9344,9345,9346,9347,9348,9349,9350,9351,9352,9353,9354,9355,9356,9357,
9358,9359,9360,9361,9362,9363,9364,9365,9366,9367,9368,9369,9370,9371,9372,
9373,9374,9375,9376,9377,9378,9379,9380,9381,9382,9383,9384,9385,9386,9387,
9388,9389,9390,9391,9392,9393,9394,9395,9396,9397,9398,9399,9400,9401,9402,
9403,9404,9405,9406,9407,9408,9409,9410,9411,9412,9413,9414,9415,9416,9417,
9418,9419,9420,9421,9422,9423,9398,9399,9400,9401,9402,9403,9404,9405,9406,
9407,9408,9409,9410,9411,9412,9413,9414,9415,9416,9417,9418,9419,9420,9421,
9422,9423,9450,9451,9452,9453,9454,9455,9456,9457,9458,9459,9460,9461,9462,
9463,9464,9465,9466,9467,9468,9469,9470,9471,9472,9473,9474,9475,9476,9477,
9478,9479,9480,9481,9482,9483,9484,9485,9486,9487,9488,9489,9490,9491,9492,
9493,9494,9495,9496,9497,9498,9499,9500,9501,9502,9503,9504,9505,9506,9507,
9508,9509,9510,9511,9512,9513,9514,9515,9516,9517,9518,9519,9520,9521,9522,
9523,9524,9525,9526,9527,9528,9529,9530,9531,9532,9533,9534,9535,9536,9537,
9538,9539,9540,9541,9542,9543,9544,9545,9546,9547,9548,9549,9550,9551,9552,
9553,9554,9555,9556,9557,9558,9559,9560,9561,9562,9563,9564,9565,9566,9567,
9568,9569,9570,9571,9572,9573,9574,9575,9576,9577,9578,9579,9580,9581,9582,
9583,9584,9585,9586,9587,9588,9589,9590,9591,9592,9593,9594,9595,9596,9597,
9598,9599,9600,9601,9602,9603,9604,9605,9606,9607,9608,9609,9610,9611,9612,
9613,9614,9615,9616,9617,9618,9619,9620,9621,9622,9623,9624,9625,9626,9627,
9628,9629,9630,9631,9632,9633,9634,9635,9636,9637,9638,9639,9640,9641,9642,
9643,9644,9645,9646,9647,9648,9649,9650,9651,9652,9653,9654,9655,9656,9657,
9658,9659,9660,9661,9662,9663,9664,9665,9666,9667,9668,9669,9670,9671,9672,
9673,9674,9675,9676,9677,9678,9679,9680,9681,9682,9683,9684,9685,9686,9687,
9688,9689,9690,9691,9692,9693,9694,9695,9696,9697,9698,9699,9700,9701,9702,
9703,9704,9705,9706,9707,9708,9709,9710,9711,9712,9713,9714,9715,9716,9717,
9718,9719,9720,9721,9722,9723,9724,9725,9726,9727,9728,9729,9730,9731,9732,
9733,9734,9735,9736,9737,9738,9739,9740,9741,9742,9743,9744,9745,9746,9747,
9748,9749,9750,9751,9752,9753,9754,9755,9756,9757,9758,9759,9760,9761,9762,
9763,9764,9765,9766,9767,9768,9769,9770,9771,9772,9773,9774,9775,9776,9777,
9778,9779,9780,9781,9782,9783,9784,9785,9786,9787,9788,9789,9790,9791,9792,
9793,9794,9795,9796,9797,9798,9799,9800,9801,9802,9803,9804,9805,9806,9807,
9808,9809,9810,9811,9812,9813,9814,9815,9816,9817,9818,9819,9820,9821,9822,
9823,9824,9825,9826,9827,9828,9829,9830,9831,9832,9833,9834,9835,9836,9837,
9838,9839,9840,9841,9842,9843,9844,9845,9846,9847,9848,9849,9850,9851,9852,
9853,9854,9855,9856,9857,9858,9859,9860,9861,9862,9863,9864,9865,9866,9867,
9868,9869,9870,9871,9872,9873,9874,9875,9876,9877,9878,9879,9880,9881,9882,
9883,9884,9885,9886,9887,9888,9889,9890,9891,9892,9893,9894,9895,9896,9897,
9898,9899,9900,9901,9902,9903,9904,9905,9906,9907,9908,9909,9910,9911,9912,
9913,9914,9915,9916,9917,9918,9919,9920,9921,9922,9923,9924,9925,9926,9927,
9928,9929,9930,9931,9932,9933,9934,9935,9936,9937,9938,9939,9940,9941,9942,
9943,9944,9945,9946,9947,9948,9949,9950,9951,9952,9953,9954,9955,9956,9957,
9958,9959,9960,9961,9962,9963,9964,9965,9966,9967,9968,9969,9970,9971,9972,
9973,9974,9975,9976,9977,9978,9979,9980,9981,9982,9983,9984,9985,9986,9987,
9988,9989,9990,9991,9992,9993,9994,9995,9996,9997,9998,9999,10000,10001,
10002,10003,10004,10005,10006,10007,10008,10009,10010,10011,10012,10013,
10014,10015,10016,10017,10018,10019,10020,10021,10022,10023,10024,10025,
10026,10027,10028,10029,10030,10031,10032,10033,10034,10035,10036,10037,
10038,10039,10040,10041,10042,10043,10044,10045,10046,10047,10048,10049,
10050,10051,10052,10053,10054,10055,10056,10057,10058,10059,10060,10061,
10062,10063,10064,10065,10066,10067,10068,10069,10070,10071,10072,10073,
10074,10075,10076,10077,10078,10079,10080,10081,10082,10083,10084,10085,
10086,10087,10088,10089,10090,10091,10092,10093,10094,10095,10096,10097,
10098,10099,10100,10101,10102,10103,10104,10105,10106,10107,10108,10109,
10110,10111,10112,10113,10114,10115,10116,10117,10118,10119,10120,10121,
10122,10123,10124,10125,10126,10127,10128,10129,10130,10131,10132,10133,
10134,10135,10136,10137,10138,10139,10140,10141,10142,10143,10144,10145,
10146,10147,10148,10149,10150,10151,10152,10153,10154,10155,10156,10157,
10158,10159,10160,10161,10162,10163,10164,10165,10166,10167,10168,10169,
10170,10171,10172,10173,10174,10175,10176,10177,10178,10179,10180,10181,
10182,10183,10184,10185,10186,10187,10188,10189,10190,10191,10192,10193,
10194,10195,10196,10197,10198,10199,10200,10201,10202,10203,10204,10205,
10206,10207,10208,10209,10210,10211,10212,10213,10214,10215,10216,10217,
10218,10219,10220,10221,10222,10223,10224,10225,10226,10227,10228,10229,
10230,10231,10232,10233,10234,10235,10236,10237,10238,10239,10240,10241,
10242,10243,10244,10245,10246,10247,10248,10249,10250,10251,10252,10253,
10254,10255,10256,10257,10258,10259,10260,10261,10262,10263,10264,10265,
10266,10267,10268,10269,10270,10271,10272,10273,10274,10275,10276,10277,
10278,10279,10280,10281,10282,10283,10284,10285,10286,10287,10288,10289,
10290,10291,10292,10293,10294,10295,10296,10297,10298,10299,10300,10301,
10302,10303,10304,10305,10306,10307,10308,10309,10310,10311,10312,10313,
10314,10315,10316,10317,10318,10319,10320,10321,10322,10323,10324,10325,
10326,10327,10328,10329,10330,10331,10332,10333,10334,10335,10336,10337,
10338,10339,10340,10341,10342,10343,10344,10345,10346,10347,10348,10349,
10350,10351,10352,10353,10354,10355,10356,10357,10358,10359,10360,10361,
10362,10363,10364,10365,10366,10367,10368,10369,10370,10371,10372,10373,
10374,10375,10376,10377,10378,10379,10380,10381,10382,10383,10384,10385,
10386,10387,10388,10389,10390,10391,10392,10393,10394,10395,10396,10397,
10398,10399,10400,10401,10402,10403,10404,10405,10406,10407,10408,10409,
10410,10411,10412,10413,10414,10415,10416,10417,10418,10419,10420,10421,
10422,10423,10424,10425,10426,10427,10428,10429,10430,10431,10432,10433,
10434,10435,10436,10437,10438,10439,10440,10441,10442,10443,10444,10445,
10446,10447,10448,10449,10450,10451,10452,10453,10454,10455,10456,10457,
10458,10459,10460,10461,10462,10463,10464,10465,10466,10467,10468,10469,
10470,10471,10472,10473,10474,10475,10476,10477,10478,10479,10480,10481,
10482,10483,10484,10485,10486,10487,10488,10489,10490,10491,10492,10493,
10494,10495,10496,10497,10498,10499,10500,10501,10502,10503,10504,10505,
10506,10507,10508,10509,10510,10511,10512,10513,10514,10515,10516,10517,
10518,10519,10520,10521,10522,10523,10524,10525,10526,10527,10528,10529,
10530,10531,10532,10533,10534,10535,10536,10537,10538,10539,10540,10541,
10542,10543,10544,10545,10546,10547,10548,10549,10550,10551,10552,10553,
10554,10555,10556,10557,10558,10559,10560,10561,10562,10563,10564,10565,
10566,10567,10568,10569,10570,10571,10572,10573,10574,10575,10576,10577,
10578,10579,10580,10581,10582,10583,10584,10585,10586,10587,10588,10589,
10590,10591,10592,10593,10594,10595,10596,10597,10598,10599,10600,10601,
10602,10603,10604,10605,10606,10607,10608,10609,10610,10611,10612,10613,
10614,10615,10616,10617,10618,10619,10620,10621,10622,10623,10624,10625,
10626,10627,10628,10629,10630,10631,10632,10633,10634,10635,10636,10637,
10638,10639,10640,10641,10642,10643,10644,10645,10646,10647,10648,10649,
10650,10651,10652,10653,10654,10655,10656,10657,10658,10659,10660,10661,
10662,10663,10664,10665,10666,10667,10668,10669,10670,10671,10672,10673,
10674,10675,10676,10677,10678,10679,10680,10681,10682,10683,10684,10685,
10686,10687,10688,10689,10690,10691,10692,10693,10694,10695,10696,10697,
10698,10699,10700,10701,10702,10703,10704,10705,10706,10707,10708,10709,
10710,10711,10712,10713,10714,10715,10716,10717,10718,10719,10720,10721,
10722,10723,10724,10725,10726,10727,10728,10729,10730,10731,10732,10733,
10734,10735,10736,10737,10738,10739,10740,10741,10742,10743,10744,10745,
10746,10747,10748,10749,10750,10751,10752,10753,10754,10755,10756,10757,
10758,10759,10760,10761,10762,10763,10764,10765,10766,10767,10768,10769,
10770,10771,10772,10773,10774,10775,10776,10777,10778,10779,10780,10781,
10782,10783,10784,10785,10786,10787,10788,10789,10790,10791,10792,10793,
10794,10795,10796,10797,10798,10799,10800,10801,10802,10803,10804,10805,
10806,10807,10808,10809,10810,10811,10812,10813,10814,10815,10816,10817,
10818,10819,10820,10821,10822,10823,10824,10825,10826,10827,10828,10829,
10830,10831,10832,10833,10834,10835,10836,10837,10838,10839,10840,10841,
10842,10843,10844,10845,10846,10847,10848,10849,10850,10851,10852,10853,
10854,10855,10856,10857,10858,10859,10860,10861,10862,10863,10864,10865,
10866,10867,10868,10869,10870,10871,10872,10873,10874,10875,10876,10877,
10878,10879,10880,10881,10882,10883,10884,10885,10886,10887,10888,10889,
10890,10891,10892,10893,10894,10895,10896,10897,10898,10899,10900,10901,
10902,10903,10904,10905,10906,10907,10908,10909,10910,10911,10912,10913,
10914,10915,10916,10917,10918,10919,10920,10921,10922,10923,10924,10925,
10926,10927,10928,10929,10930,10931,10932,10933,10934,10935,10936,10937,
10938,10939,10940,10941,10942,10943,10944,10945,10946,10947,10948,10949,
10950,10951,10952,10953,10954,10955,10956,10957,10958,10959,10960,10961,
10962,10963,10964,10965,10966,10967,10968,10969,10970,10971,10972,10973,
10974,10975,10976,10977,10978,10979,10980,10981,10982,10983,10984,10985,
10986,10987,10988,10989,10990,10991,10992,10993,10994,10995,10996,10997,
10998,10999,11000,11001,11002,11003,11004,11005,11006,11007,11008,11009,
11010,11011,11012,11013,11014,11015,11016,11017,11018,11019,11020,11021,
11022,11023,11024,11025,11026,11027,11028,11029,11030,11031,11032,11033,
11034,11035,11036,11037,11038,11039,11040,11041,11042,11043,11044,11045,
11046,11047,11048,11049,11050,11051,11052,11053,11054,11055,11056,11057,
11058,11059,11060,11061,11062,11063,11064,11065,11066,11067,11068,11069,
11070,11071,11072,11073,11074,11075,11076,11077,11078,11079,11080,11081,
11082,11083,11084,11085,11086,11087,11088,11089,11090,11091,11092,11093,
11094,11095,11096,11097,11098,11099,11100,11101,11102,11103,11104,11105,
11106,11107,11108,11109,11110,11111,11112,11113,11114,11115,11116,11117,
11118,11119,11120,11121,11122,11123,11124,11125,11126,11127,11128,11129,
11130,11131,11132,11133,11134,11135,11136,11137,11138,11139,11140,11141,
11142,11143,11144,11145,11146,11147,11148,11149,11150,11151,11152,11153,
11154,11155,11156,11157,11158,11159,11160,11161,11162,11163,11164,11165,
11166,11167,11168,11169,11170,11171,11172,11173,11174,11175,11176,11177,
11178,11179,11180,11181,11182,11183,11184,11185,11186,11187,11188,11189,
11190,11191,11192,11193,11194,11195,11196,11197,11198,11199,11200,11201,
11202,11203,11204,11205,11206,11207,11208,11209,11210,11211,11212,11213,
11214,11215,11216,11217,11218,11219,11220,11221,11222,11223,11224,11225,
11226,11227,11228,11229,11230,11231,11232,11233,11234,11235,11236,11237,
11238,11239,11240,11241,11242,11243,11244,11245,11246,11247,11248,11249,
11250,11251,11252,11253,11254,11255,11256,11257,11258,11259,11260,11261,
11262,11263,11264,11265,11266,11267,11268,11269,11270,11271,11272,11273,
11274,11275,11276,11277,11278,11279,11280,11281,11282,11283,11284,11285,
11286,11287,11288,11289,11290,11291,11292,11293,11294,11295,11296,11297,
11298,11299,11300,11301,11302,11303,11304,11305,11306,11307,11308,11309,
11310,11311,11264,11265,11266,11267,11268,11269,11270,11271,11272,11273,
11274,11275,11276,11277,11278,11279,11280,11281,11282,11283,11284,11285,
11286,11287,11288,11289,11290,11291,11292,11293,11294,11295,11296,11297,
11298,11299,11300,11301,11302,11303,11304,11305,11306,11307,11308,11309,
11310,11359,11360,11360,11362,11363,11364,570,574,11367,11367,11369,11369,
11371,11371,11373,11374,11375,11376,11377,11378,11378,11380,11381,11381,
11383,11384,11385,11386,11387,11388,11389,11390,11391,11392,11392,11394,
11394,11396,11396,11398,11398,11400,11400,11402,11402,11404,11404,11406,
11406,11408,11408,11410,11410,11412,11412,11414,11414,11416,11416,11418,
11418,11420,11420,11422,11422,11424,11424,11426,11426,11428,11428,11430,
11430,11432,11432,11434,11434,11436,11436,11438,11438,11440,11440,11442,
11442,11444,11444,11446,11446,11448,11448,11450,11450,11452,11452,11454,
11454,11456,11456,11458,11458,11460,11460,11462,11462,11464,11464,11466,
11466,11468,11468,11470,11470,11472,11472,11474,11474,11476,11476,11478,
11478,11480,11480,11482,11482,11484,11484,11486,11486,11488,11488,11490,
11490,11492,11493,11494,11495,11496,11497,11498,11499,11499,11501,11501,
11503,11504,11505,11506,11507,11508,11509,11510,11511,11512,11513,11514,
11515,11516,11517,11518,11519,4256,4257,4258,4259,4260,4261,4262,4263,4264,
4265,4266,4267,4268,4269,4270,4271,4272,4273,4274,4275,4276,4277,4278,4279,
4280,4281,4282,4283,4284,4285,4286,4287,4288,4289,4290,4291,4292,4293,
11558,11559,11560,11561,11562,11563,11564,11565,11566,11567,11568,11569,
11570,11571,11572,11573,11574,11575,11576,11577,11578,11579,11580,11581,
11582,11583,11584,11585,11586,11587,11588,11589,11590,11591,11592,11593,
11594,11595,11596,11597,11598,11599,11600,11601,11602,11603,11604,11605,
11606,11607,11608,11609,11610,11611,11612,11613,11614,11615,11616,11617,
11618,11619,11620,11621,11622,11623,11624,11625,11626,11627,11628,11629,
11630,11631,11632,11633,11634,11635,11636,11637,11638,11639,11640,11641,
11642,11643,11644,11645,11646,11647,11648,11649,11650,11651,11652,11653,
11654,11655,11656,11657,11658,11659,11660,11661,11662,11663,11664,11665,
11666,11667,11668,11669,11670,11671,11672,11673,11674,11675,11676,11677,
11678,11679,11680,11681,11682,11683,11684,11685,11686,11687,11688,11689,
11690,11691,11692,11693,11694,11695,11696,11697,11698,11699,11700,11701,
11702,11703,11704,11705,11706,11707,11708,11709,11710,11711,11712,11713,
11714,11715,11716,11717,11718,11719,11720,11721,11722,11723,11724,11725,
11726,11727,11728,11729,11730,11731,11732,11733,11734,11735,11736,11737,
11738,11739,11740,11741,11742,11743,11744,11745,11746,11747,11748,11749,
11750,11751,11752,11753,11754,11755,11756,11757,11758,11759,11760,11761,
11762,11763,11764,11765,11766,11767,11768,11769,11770,11771,11772,11773,
11774,11775,11776,11777,11778,11779,11780,11781,11782,11783,11784,11785,
11786,11787,11788,11789,11790,11791,11792,11793,11794,11795,11796,11797,
11798,11799,11800,11801,11802,11803,11804,11805,11806,11807,11808,11809,
11810,11811,11812,11813,11814,11815,11816,11817,11818,11819,11820,11821,
11822,11823,11824,11825,11826,11827,11828,11829,11830,11831,11832,11833,
11834,11835,11836,11837,11838,11839,11840,11841,11842,11843,11844,11845,
11846,11847,11848,11849,11850,11851,11852,11853,11854,11855,11856,11857,
11858,11859,11860,11861,11862,11863,11864,11865,11866,11867,11868,11869,
11870,11871,11872,11873,11874,11875,11876,11877,11878,11879,11880,11881,
11882,11883,11884,11885,11886,11887,11888,11889,11890,11891,11892,11893,
11894,11895,11896,11897,11898,11899,11900,11901,11902,11903,11904,11905,
11906,11907,11908,11909,11910,11911,11912,11913,11914,11915,11916,11917,
11918,11919,11920,11921,11922,11923,11924,11925,11926,11927,11928,11929,
11930,11931,11932,11933,11934,11935,11936,11937,11938,11939,11940,11941,
11942,11943,11944,11945,11946,11947,11948,11949,11950,11951,11952,11953,
11954,11955,11956,11957,11958,11959,11960,11961,11962,11963,11964,11965,
11966,11967,11968,11969,11970,11971,11972,11973,11974,11975,11976,11977,
11978,11979,11980,11981,11982,11983,11984,11985,11986,11987,11988,11989,
11990,11991,11992,11993,11994,11995,11996,11997,11998,11999,12000,12001,
12002,12003,12004,12005,12006,12007,12008,12009,12010,12011,12012,12013,
12014,12015,12016,12017,12018,12019,12020,12021,12022,12023,12024,12025,
12026,12027,12028,12029,12030,12031,12032,12033,12034,12035,12036,12037,
12038,12039,12040,12041,12042,12043,12044,12045,12046,12047,12048,12049,
12050,12051,12052,12053,12054,12055,12056,12057,12058,12059,12060,12061,
12062,12063,12064,12065,12066,12067,12068,12069,12070,12071,12072,12073,
12074,12075,12076,12077,12078,12079,12080,12081,12082,12083,12084,12085,
12086,12087,12088,12089,12090,12091,12092,12093,12094,12095,12096,12097,
12098,12099,12100,12101,12102,12103,12104,12105,12106,12107,12108,12109,
12110,12111,12112,12113,12114,12115,12116,12117,12118,12119,12120,12121,
12122,12123,12124,12125,12126,12127,12128,12129,12130,12131,12132,12133,
12134,12135,12136,12137,12138,12139,12140,12141,12142,12143,12144,12145,
12146,12147,12148,12149,12150,12151,12152,12153,12154,12155,12156,12157,
12158,12159,12160,12161,12162,12163,12164,12165,12166,12167,12168,12169,
12170,12171,12172,12173,12174,12175,12176,12177,12178,12179,12180,12181,
12182,12183,12184,12185,12186,12187,12188,12189,12190,12191,12192,12193,
12194,12195,12196,12197,12198,12199,12200,12201,12202,12203,12204,12205,
12206,12207,12208,12209,12210,12211,12212,12213,12214,12215,12216,12217,
12218,12219,12220,12221,12222,12223,12224,12225,12226,12227,12228,12229,
12230,12231,12232,12233,12234,12235,12236,12237,12238,12239,12240,12241,
12242,12243,12244,12245,12246,12247,12248,12249,12250,12251,12252,12253,
12254,12255,12256,12257,12258,12259,12260,12261,12262,12263,12264,12265,
12266,12267,12268,12269,12270,12271,12272,12273,12274,12275,12276,12277,
12278,12279,12280,12281,12282,12283,12284,12285,12286,12287,12288,12289,
12290,12291,12292,12293,12294,12295,12296,12297,12298,12299,12300,12301,
12302,12303,12304,12305,12306,12307,12308,12309,12310,12311,12312,12313,
12314,12315,12316,12317,12318,12319,12320,12321,12322,12323,12324,12325,
12326,12327,12328,12329,12330,12331,12332,12333,12334,12335,12336,12337,
12338,12339,12340,12341,12342,12343,12344,12345,12346,12347,12348,12349,
12350,12351,12352,12353,12354,12355,12356,12357,12358,12359,12360,12361,
12362,12363,12364,12365,12366,12367,12368,12369,12370,12371,12372,12373,
12374,12375,12376,12377,12378,12379,12380,12381,12382,12383,12384,12385,
12386,12387,12388,12389,12390,12391,12392,12393,12394,12395,12396,12397,
12398,12399,12400,12401,12402,12403,12404,12405,12406,12407,12408,12409,
12410,12411,12412,12413,12414,12415,12416,12417,12418,12419,12420,12421,
12422,12423,12424,12425,12426,12427,12428,12429,12430,12431,12432,12433,
12434,12435,12436,12437,12438,12439,12440,12441,12442,12443,12444,12445,
12446,12447,12448,12449,12450,12451,12452,12453,12454,12455,12456,12457,
12458,12459,12460,12461,12462,12463,12464,12465,12466,12467,12468,12469,
12470,12471,12472,12473,12474,12475,12476,12477,12478,12479,12480,12481,
12482,12483,12484,12485,12486,12487,12488,12489,12490,12491,12492,12493,
12494,12495,12496,12497,12498,12499,12500,12501,12502,12503,12504,12505,
12506,12507,12508,12509,12510,12511,12512,12513,12514,12515,12516,12517,
12518,12519,12520,12521,12522,12523,12524,12525,12526,12527,12528,12529,
12530,12531,12532,12533,12534,12535,12536,12537,12538,12539,12540,12541,
12542,12543,12544,12545,12546,12547,12548,12549,12550,12551,12552,12553,
12554,12555,12556,12557,12558,12559,12560,12561,12562,12563,12564,12565,
12566,12567,12568,12569,12570,12571,12572,12573,12574,12575,12576,12577,
12578,12579,12580,12581,12582,12583,12584,12585,12586,12587,12588,12589,
12590,12591,12592,12593,12594,12595,12596,12597,12598,12599,12600,12601,
12602,12603,12604,12605,12606,12607,12608,12609,12610,12611,12612,12613,
12614,12615,12616,12617,12618,12619,12620,12621,12622,12623,12624,12625,
12626,12627,12628,12629,12630,12631,12632,12633,12634,12635,12636,12637,
12638,12639,12640,12641,12642,12643,12644,12645,12646,12647,12648,12649,
12650,12651,12652,12653,12654,12655,12656,12657,12658,12659,12660,12661,
12662,12663,12664,12665,12666,12667,12668,12669,12670,12671,12672,12673,
12674,12675,12676,12677,12678,12679,12680,12681,12682,12683,12684,12685,
12686,12687,12688,12689,12690,12691,12692,12693,12694,12695,12696,12697,
12698,12699,12700,12701,12702,12703,12704,12705,12706,12707,12708,12709,
12710,12711,12712,12713,12714,12715,12716,12717,12718,12719,12720,12721,
12722,12723,12724,12725,12726,12727,12728,12729,12730,12731,12732,12733,
12734,12735,12736,12737,12738,12739,12740,12741,12742,12743,12744,12745,
12746,12747,12748,12749,12750,12751,12752,12753,12754,12755,12756,12757,
12758,12759,12760,12761,12762,12763,12764,12765,12766,12767,12768,12769,
12770,12771,12772,12773,12774,12775,12776,12777,12778,12779,12780,12781,
12782,12783,12784,12785,12786,12787,12788,12789,12790,12791,12792,12793,
12794,12795,12796,12797,12798,12799,12800,12801,12802,12803,12804,12805,
12806,12807,12808,12809,12810,12811,12812,12813,12814,12815,12816,12817,
12818,12819,12820,12821,12822,12823,12824,12825,12826,12827,12828,12829,
12830,12831,12832,12833,12834,12835,12836,12837,12838,12839,12840,12841,
12842,12843,12844,12845,12846,12847,12848,12849,12850,12851,12852,12853,
12854,12855,12856,12857,12858,12859,12860,12861,12862,12863,12864,12865,
12866,12867,12868,12869,12870,12871,12872,12873,12874,12875,12876,12877,
12878,12879,12880,12881,12882,12883,12884,12885,12886,12887,12888,12889,
12890,12891,12892,12893,12894,12895,12896,12897,12898,12899,12900,12901,
12902,12903,12904,12905,12906,12907,12908,12909,12910,12911,12912,12913,
12914,12915,12916,12917,12918,12919,12920,12921,12922,12923,12924,12925,
12926,12927,12928,12929,12930,12931,12932,12933,12934,12935,12936,12937,
12938,12939,12940,12941,12942,12943,12944,12945,12946,12947,12948,12949,
12950,12951,12952,12953,12954,12955,12956,12957,12958,12959,12960,12961,
12962,12963,12964,12965,12966,12967,12968,12969,12970,12971,12972,12973,
12974,12975,12976,12977,12978,12979,12980,12981,12982,12983,12984,12985,
12986,12987,12988,12989,12990,12991,12992,12993,12994,12995,12996,12997,
12998,12999,13000,13001,13002,13003,13004,13005,13006,13007,13008,13009,
13010,13011,13012,13013,13014,13015,13016,13017,13018,13019,13020,13021,
13022,13023,13024,13025,13026,13027,13028,13029,13030,13031,13032,13033,
13034,13035,13036,13037,13038,13039,13040,13041,13042,13043,13044,13045,
13046,13047,13048,13049,13050,13051,13052,13053,13054,13055,13056,13057,
13058,13059,13060,13061,13062,13063,13064,13065,13066,13067,13068,13069,
13070,13071,13072,13073,13074,13075,13076,13077,13078,13079,13080,13081,
13082,13083,13084,13085,13086,13087,13088,13089,13090,13091,13092,13093,
13094,13095,13096,13097,13098,13099,13100,13101,13102,13103,13104,13105,
13106,13107,13108,13109,13110,13111,13112,13113,13114,13115,13116,13117,
13118,13119,13120,13121,13122,13123,13124,13125,13126,13127,13128,13129,
13130,13131,13132,13133,13134,13135,13136,13137,13138,13139,13140,13141,
13142,13143,13144,13145,13146,13147,13148,13149,13150,13151,13152,13153,
13154,13155,13156,13157,13158,13159,13160,13161,13162,13163,13164,13165,
13166,13167,13168,13169,13170,13171,13172,13173,13174,13175,13176,13177,
13178,13179,13180,13181,13182,13183,13184,13185,13186,13187,13188,13189,
13190,13191,13192,13193,13194,13195,13196,13197,13198,13199,13200,13201,
13202,13203,13204,13205,13206,13207,13208,13209,13210,13211,13212,13213,
13214,13215,13216,13217,13218,13219,13220,13221,13222,13223,13224,13225,
13226,13227,13228,13229,13230,13231,13232,13233,13234,13235,13236,13237,
13238,13239,13240,13241,13242,13243,13244,13245,13246,13247,13248,13249,
13250,13251,13252,13253,13254,13255,13256,13257,13258,13259,13260,13261,
13262,13263,13264,13265,13266,13267,13268,13269,13270,13271,13272,13273,
13274,13275,13276,13277,13278,13279,13280,13281,13282,13283,13284,13285,
13286,13287,13288,13289,13290,13291,13292,13293,13294,13295,13296,13297,
13298,13299,13300,13301,13302,13303,13304,13305,13306,13307,13308,13309,
13310,13311,13312,13313,13314,13315,13316,13317,13318,13319,13320,13321,
13322,13323,13324,13325,13326,13327,13328,13329,13330,13331,13332,13333,
13334,13335,13336,13337,13338,13339,13340,13341,13342,13343,13344,13345,
13346,13347,13348,13349,13350,13351,13352,13353,13354,13355,13356,13357,
13358,13359,13360,13361,13362,13363,13364,13365,13366,13367,13368,13369,
13370,13371,13372,13373,13374,13375,13376,13377,13378,13379,13380,13381,
13382,13383,13384,13385,13386,13387,13388,13389,13390,13391,13392,13393,
13394,13395,13396,13397,13398,13399,13400,13401,13402,13403,13404,13405,
13406,13407,13408,13409,13410,13411,13412,13413,13414,13415,13416,13417,
13418,13419,13420,13421,13422,13423,13424,13425,13426,13427,13428,13429,
13430,13431,13432,13433,13434,13435,13436,13437,13438,13439,13440,13441,
13442,13443,13444,13445,13446,13447,13448,13449,13450,13451,13452,13453,
13454,13455,13456,13457,13458,13459,13460,13461,13462,13463,13464,13465,
13466,13467,13468,13469,13470,13471,13472,13473,13474,13475,13476,13477,
13478,13479,13480,13481,13482,13483,13484,13485,13486,13487,13488,13489,
13490,13491,13492,13493,13494,13495,13496,13497,13498,13499,13500,13501,
13502,13503,13504,13505,13506,13507,13508,13509,13510,13511,13512,13513,
13514,13515,13516,13517,13518,13519,13520,13521,13522,13523,13524,13525,
13526,13527,13528,13529,13530,13531,13532,13533,13534,13535,13536,13537,
13538,13539,13540,13541,13542,13543,13544,13545,13546,13547,13548,13549,
13550,13551,13552,13553,13554,13555,13556,13557,13558,13559,13560,13561,
13562,13563,13564,13565,13566,13567,13568,13569,13570,13571,13572,13573,
13574,13575,13576,13577,13578,13579,13580,13581,13582,13583,13584,13585,
13586,13587,13588,13589,13590,13591,13592,13593,13594,13595,13596,13597,
13598,13599,13600,13601,13602,13603,13604,13605,13606,13607,13608,13609,
13610,13611,13612,13613,13614,13615,13616,13617,13618,13619,13620,13621,
13622,13623,13624,13625,13626,13627,13628,13629,13630,13631,13632,13633,
13634,13635,13636,13637,13638,13639,13640,13641,13642,13643,13644,13645,
13646,13647,13648,13649,13650,13651,13652,13653,13654,13655,13656,13657,
13658,13659,13660,13661,13662,13663,13664,13665,13666,13667,13668,13669,
13670,13671,13672,13673,13674,13675,13676,13677,13678,13679,13680,13681,
13682,13683,13684,13685,13686,13687,13688,13689,13690,13691,13692,13693,
13694,13695,13696,13697,13698,13699,13700,13701,13702,13703,13704,13705,
13706,13707,13708,13709,13710,13711,13712,13713,13714,13715,13716,13717,
13718,13719,13720,13721,13722,13723,13724,13725,13726,13727,13728,13729,
13730,13731,13732,13733,13734,13735,13736,13737,13738,13739,13740,13741,
13742,13743,13744,13745,13746,13747,13748,13749,13750,13751,13752,13753,
13754,13755,13756,13757,13758,13759,13760,13761,13762,13763,13764,13765,
13766,13767,13768,13769,13770,13771,13772,13773,13774,13775,13776,13777,
13778,13779,13780,13781,13782,13783,13784,13785,13786,13787,13788,13789,
13790,13791,13792,13793,13794,13795,13796,13797,13798,13799,13800,13801,
13802,13803,13804,13805,13806,13807,13808,13809,13810,13811,13812,13813,
13814,13815,13816,13817,13818,13819,13820,13821,13822,13823,13824,13825,
13826,13827,13828,13829,13830,13831,13832,13833,13834,13835,13836,13837,
13838,13839,13840,13841,13842,13843,13844,13845,13846,13847,13848,13849,
13850,13851,13852,13853,13854,13855,13856,13857,13858,13859,13860,13861,
13862,13863,13864,13865,13866,13867,13868,13869,13870,13871,13872,13873,
13874,13875,13876,13877,13878,13879,13880,13881,13882,13883,13884,13885,
13886,13887,13888,13889,13890,13891,13892,13893,13894,13895,13896,13897,
13898,13899,13900,13901,13902,13903,13904,13905,13906,13907,13908,13909,
13910,13911,13912,13913,13914,13915,13916,13917,13918,13919,13920,13921,
13922,13923,13924,13925,13926,13927,13928,13929,13930,13931,13932,13933,
13934,13935,13936,13937,13938,13939,13940,13941,13942,13943,13944,13945,
13946,13947,13948,13949,13950,13951,13952,13953,13954,13955,13956,13957,
13958,13959,13960,13961,13962,13963,13964,13965,13966,13967,13968,13969,
13970,13971,13972,13973,13974,13975,13976,13977,13978,13979,13980,13981,
13982,13983,13984,13985,13986,13987,13988,13989,13990,13991,13992,13993,
13994,13995,13996,13997,13998,13999,14000,14001,14002,14003,14004,14005,
14006,14007,14008,14009,14010,14011,14012,14013,14014,14015,14016,14017,
14018,14019,14020,14021,14022,14023,14024,14025,14026,14027,14028,14029,
14030,14031,14032,14033,14034,14035,14036,14037,14038,14039,14040,14041,
14042,14043,14044,14045,14046,14047,14048,14049,14050,14051,14052,14053,
14054,14055,14056,14057,14058,14059,14060,14061,14062,14063,14064,14065,
14066,14067,14068,14069,14070,14071,14072,14073,14074,14075,14076,14077,
14078,14079,14080,14081,14082,14083,14084,14085,14086,14087,14088,14089,
14090,14091,14092,14093,14094,14095,14096,14097,14098,14099,14100,14101,
14102,14103,14104,14105,14106,14107,14108,14109,14110,14111,14112,14113,
14114,14115,14116,14117,14118,14119,14120,14121,14122,14123,14124,14125,
14126,14127,14128,14129,14130,14131,14132,14133,14134,14135,14136,14137,
14138,14139,14140,14141,14142,14143,14144,14145,14146,14147,14148,14149,
14150,14151,14152,14153,14154,14155,14156,14157,14158,14159,14160,14161,
14162,14163,14164,14165,14166,14167,14168,14169,14170,14171,14172,14173,
14174,14175,14176,14177,14178,14179,14180,14181,14182,14183,14184,14185,
14186,14187,14188,14189,14190,14191,14192,14193,14194,14195,14196,14197,
14198,14199,14200,14201,14202,14203,14204,14205,14206,14207,14208,14209,
14210,14211,14212,14213,14214,14215,14216,14217,14218,14219,14220,14221,
14222,14223,14224,14225,14226,14227,14228,14229,14230,14231,14232,14233,
14234,14235,14236,14237,14238,14239,14240,14241,14242,14243,14244,14245,
14246,14247,14248,14249,14250,14251,14252,14253,14254,14255,14256,14257,
14258,14259,14260,14261,14262,14263,14264,14265,14266,14267,14268,14269,
14270,14271,14272,14273,14274,14275,14276,14277,14278,14279,14280,14281,
14282,14283,14284,14285,14286,14287,14288,14289,14290,14291,14292,14293,
14294,14295,14296,14297,14298,14299,14300,14301,14302,14303,14304,14305,
14306,14307,14308,14309,14310,14311,14312,14313,14314,14315,14316,14317,
14318,14319,14320,14321,14322,14323,14324,14325,14326,14327,14328,14329,
14330,14331,14332,14333,14334,14335,14336,14337,14338,14339,14340,14341,
14342,14343,14344,14345,14346,14347,14348,14349,14350,14351,14352,14353,
14354,14355,14356,14357,14358,14359,14360,14361,14362,14363,14364,14365,
14366,14367,14368,14369,14370,14371,14372,14373,14374,14375,14376,14377,
14378,14379,14380,14381,14382,14383,14384,14385,14386,14387,14388,14389,
14390,14391,14392,14393,14394,14395,14396,14397,14398,14399,14400,14401,
14402,14403,14404,14405,14406,14407,14408,14409,14410,14411,14412,14413,
14414,14415,14416,14417,14418,14419,14420,14421,14422,14423,14424,14425,
14426,14427,14428,14429,14430,14431,14432,14433,14434,14435,14436,14437,
14438,14439,14440,14441,14442,14443,14444,14445,14446,14447,14448,14449,
14450,14451,14452,14453,14454,14455,14456,14457,14458,14459,14460,14461,
14462,14463,14464,14465,14466,14467,14468,14469,14470,14471,14472,14473,
14474,14475,14476,14477,14478,14479,14480,14481,14482,14483,14484,14485,
14486,14487,14488,14489,14490,14491,14492,14493,14494,14495,14496,14497,
14498,14499,14500,14501,14502,14503,14504,14505,14506,14507,14508,14509,
14510,14511,14512,14513,14514,14515,14516,14517,14518,14519,14520,14521,
14522,14523,14524,14525,14526,14527,14528,14529,14530,14531,14532,14533,
14534,14535,14536,14537,14538,14539,14540,14541,14542,14543,14544,14545,
14546,14547,14548,14549,14550,14551,14552,14553,14554,14555,14556,14557,
14558,14559,14560,14561,14562,14563,14564,14565,14566,14567,14568,14569,
14570,14571,14572,14573,14574,14575,14576,14577,14578,14579,14580,14581,
14582,14583,14584,14585,14586,14587,14588,14589,14590,14591,14592,14593,
14594,14595,14596,14597,14598,14599,14600,14601,14602,14603,14604,14605,
14606,14607,14608,14609,14610,14611,14612,14613,14614,14615,14616,14617,
14618,14619,14620,14621,14622,14623,14624,14625,14626,14627,14628,14629,
14630,14631,14632,14633,14634,14635,14636,14637,14638,14639,14640,14641,
14642,14643,14644,14645,14646,14647,14648,14649,14650,14651,14652,14653,
14654,14655,14656,14657,14658,14659,14660,14661,14662,14663,14664,14665,
14666,14667,14668,14669,14670,14671,14672,14673,14674,14675,14676,14677,
14678,14679,14680,14681,14682,14683,14684,14685,14686,14687,14688,14689,
14690,14691,14692,14693,14694,14695,14696,14697,14698,14699,14700,14701,
14702,14703,14704,14705,14706,14707,14708,14709,14710,14711,14712,14713,
14714,14715,14716,14717,14718,14719,14720,14721,14722,14723,14724,14725,
14726,14727,14728,14729,14730,14731,14732,14733,14734,14735,14736,14737,
14738,14739,14740,14741,14742,14743,14744,14745,14746,14747,14748,14749,
14750,14751,14752,14753,14754,14755,14756,14757,14758,14759,14760,14761,
14762,14763,14764,14765,14766,14767,14768,14769,14770,14771,14772,14773,
14774,14775,14776,14777,14778,14779,14780,14781,14782,14783,14784,14785,
14786,14787,14788,14789,14790,14791,14792,14793,14794,14795,14796,14797,
14798,14799,14800,14801,14802,14803,14804,14805,14806,14807,14808,14809,
14810,14811,14812,14813,14814,14815,14816,14817,14818,14819,14820,14821,
14822,14823,14824,14825,14826,14827,14828,14829,14830,14831,14832,14833,
14834,14835,14836,14837,14838,14839,14840,14841,14842,14843,14844,14845,
14846,14847,14848,14849,14850,14851,14852,14853,14854,14855,14856,14857,
14858,14859,14860,14861,14862,14863,14864,14865,14866,14867,14868,14869,
14870,14871,14872,14873,14874,14875,14876,14877,14878,14879,14880,14881,
14882,14883,14884,14885,14886,14887,14888,14889,14890,14891,14892,14893,
14894,14895,14896,14897,14898,14899,14900,14901,14902,14903,14904,14905,
14906,14907,14908,14909,14910,14911,14912,14913,14914,14915,14916,14917,
14918,14919,14920,14921,14922,14923,14924,14925,14926,14927,14928,14929,
14930,14931,14932,14933,14934,14935,14936,14937,14938,14939,14940,14941,
14942,14943,14944,14945,14946,14947,14948,14949,14950,14951,14952,14953,
14954,14955,14956,14957,14958,14959,14960,14961,14962,14963,14964,14965,
14966,14967,14968,14969,14970,14971,14972,14973,14974,14975,14976,14977,
14978,14979,14980,14981,14982,14983,14984,14985,14986,14987,14988,14989,
14990,14991,14992,14993,14994,14995,14996,14997,14998,14999,15000,15001,
15002,15003,15004,15005,15006,15007,15008,15009,15010,15011,15012,15013,
15014,15015,15016,15017,15018,15019,15020,15021,15022,15023,15024,15025,
15026,15027,15028,15029,15030,15031,15032,15033,15034,15035,15036,15037,
15038,15039,15040,15041,15042,15043,15044,15045,15046,15047,15048,15049,
15050,15051,15052,15053,15054,15055,15056,15057,15058,15059,15060,15061,
15062,15063,15064,15065,15066,15067,15068,15069,15070,15071,15072,15073,
15074,15075,15076,15077,15078,15079,15080,15081,15082,15083,15084,15085,
15086,15087,15088,15089,15090,15091,15092,15093,15094,15095,15096,15097,
15098,15099,15100,15101,15102,15103,15104,15105,15106,15107,15108,15109,
15110,15111,15112,15113,15114,15115,15116,15117,15118,15119,15120,15121,
15122,15123,15124,15125,15126,15127,15128,15129,15130,15131,15132,15133,
15134,15135,15136,15137,15138,15139,15140,15141,15142,15143,15144,15145,
15146,15147,15148,15149,15150,15151,15152,15153,15154,15155,15156,15157,
15158,15159,15160,15161,15162,15163,15164,15165,15166,15167,15168,15169,
15170,15171,15172,15173,15174,15175,15176,15177,15178,15179,15180,15181,
15182,15183,15184,15185,15186,15187,15188,15189,15190,15191,15192,15193,
15194,15195,15196,15197,15198,15199,15200,15201,15202,15203,15204,15205,
15206,15207,15208,15209,15210,15211,15212,15213,15214,15215,15216,15217,
15218,15219,15220,15221,15222,15223,15224,15225,15226,15227,15228,15229,
15230,15231,15232,15233,15234,15235,15236,15237,15238,15239,15240,15241,
15242,15243,15244,15245,15246,15247,15248,15249,15250,15251,15252,15253,
15254,15255,15256,15257,15258,15259,15260,15261,15262,15263,15264,15265,
15266,15267,15268,15269,15270,15271,15272,15273,15274,15275,15276,15277,
15278,15279,15280,15281,15282,15283,15284,15285,15286,15287,15288,15289,
15290,15291,15292,15293,15294,15295,15296,15297,15298,15299,15300,15301,
15302,15303,15304,15305,15306,15307,15308,15309,15310,15311,15312,15313,
15314,15315,15316,15317,15318,15319,15320,15321,15322,15323,15324,15325,
15326,15327,15328,15329,15330,15331,15332,15333,15334,15335,15336,15337,
15338,15339,15340,15341,15342,15343,15344,15345,15346,15347,15348,15349,
15350,15351,15352,15353,15354,15355,15356,15357,15358,15359,15360,15361,
15362,15363,15364,15365,15366,15367,15368,15369,15370,15371,15372,15373,
15374,15375,15376,15377,15378,15379,15380,15381,15382,15383,15384,15385,
15386,15387,15388,15389,15390,15391,15392,15393,15394,15395,15396,15397,
15398,15399,15400,15401,15402,15403,15404,15405,15406,15407,15408,15409,
15410,15411,15412,15413,15414,15415,15416,15417,15418,15419,15420,15421,
15422,15423,15424,15425,15426,15427,15428,15429,15430,15431,15432,15433,
15434,15435,15436,15437,15438,15439,15440,15441,15442,15443,15444,15445,
15446,15447,15448,15449,15450,15451,15452,15453,15454,15455,15456,15457,
15458,15459,15460,15461,15462,15463,15464,15465,15466,15467,15468,15469,
15470,15471,15472,15473,15474,15475,15476,15477,15478,15479,15480,15481,
15482,15483,15484,15485,15486,15487,15488,15489,15490,15491,15492,15493,
15494,15495,15496,15497,15498,15499,15500,15501,15502,15503,15504,15505,
15506,15507,15508,15509,15510,15511,15512,15513,15514,15515,15516,15517,
15518,15519,15520,15521,15522,15523,15524,15525,15526,15527,15528,15529,
15530,15531,15532,15533,15534,15535,15536,15537,15538,15539,15540,15541,
15542,15543,15544,15545,15546,15547,15548,15549,15550,15551,15552,15553,
15554,15555,15556,15557,15558,15559,15560,15561,15562,15563,15564,15565,
15566,15567,15568,15569,15570,15571,15572,15573,15574,15575,15576,15577,
15578,15579,15580,15581,15582,15583,15584,15585,15586,15587,15588,15589,
15590,15591,15592,15593,15594,15595,15596,15597,15598,15599,15600,15601,
15602,15603,15604,15605,15606,15607,15608,15609,15610,15611,15612,15613,
15614,15615,15616,15617,15618,15619,15620,15621,15622,15623,15624,15625,
15626,15627,15628,15629,15630,15631,15632,15633,15634,15635,15636,15637,
15638,15639,15640,15641,15642,15643,15644,15645,15646,15647,15648,15649,
15650,15651,15652,15653,15654,15655,15656,15657,15658,15659,15660,15661,
15662,15663,15664,15665,15666,15667,15668,15669,15670,15671,15672,15673,
15674,15675,15676,15677,15678,15679,15680,15681,15682,15683,15684,15685,
15686,15687,15688,15689,15690,15691,15692,15693,15694,15695,15696,15697,
15698,15699,15700,15701,15702,15703,15704,15705,15706,15707,15708,15709,
15710,15711,15712,15713,15714,15715,15716,15717,15718,15719,15720,15721,
15722,15723,15724,15725,15726,15727,15728,15729,15730,15731,15732,15733,
15734,15735,15736,15737,15738,15739,15740,15741,15742,15743,15744,15745,
15746,15747,15748,15749,15750,15751,15752,15753,15754,15755,15756,15757,
15758,15759,15760,15761,15762,15763,15764,15765,15766,15767,15768,15769,
15770,15771,15772,15773,15774,15775,15776,15777,15778,15779,15780,15781,
15782,15783,15784,15785,15786,15787,15788,15789,15790,15791,15792,15793,
15794,15795,15796,15797,15798,15799,15800,15801,15802,15803,15804,15805,
15806,15807,15808,15809,15810,15811,15812,15813,15814,15815,15816,15817,
15818,15819,15820,15821,15822,15823,15824,15825,15826,15827,15828,15829,
15830,15831,15832,15833,15834,15835,15836,15837,15838,15839,15840,15841,
15842,15843,15844,15845,15846,15847,15848,15849,15850,15851,15852,15853,
15854,15855,15856,15857,15858,15859,15860,15861,15862,15863,15864,15865,
15866,15867,15868,15869,15870,15871,15872,15873,15874,15875,15876,15877,
15878,15879,15880,15881,15882,15883,15884,15885,15886,15887,15888,15889,
15890,15891,15892,15893,15894,15895,15896,15897,15898,15899,15900,15901,
15902,15903,15904,15905,15906,15907,15908,15909,15910,15911,15912,15913,
15914,15915,15916,15917,15918,15919,15920,15921,15922,15923,15924,15925,
15926,15927,15928,15929,15930,15931,15932,15933,15934,15935,15936,15937,
15938,15939,15940,15941,15942,15943,15944,15945,15946,15947,15948,15949,
15950,15951,15952,15953,15954,15955,15956,15957,15958,15959,15960,15961,
15962,15963,15964,15965,15966,15967,15968,15969,15970,15971,15972,15973,
15974,15975,15976,15977,15978,15979,15980,15981,15982,15983,15984,15985,
15986,15987,15988,15989,15990,15991,15992,15993,15994,15995,15996,15997,
15998,15999,16000,16001,16002,16003,16004,16005,16006,16007,16008,16009,
16010,16011,16012,16013,16014,16015,16016,16017,16018,16019,16020,16021,
16022,16023,16024,16025,16026,16027,16028,16029,16030,16031,16032,16033,
16034,16035,16036,16037,16038,16039,16040,16041,16042,16043,16044,16045,
16046,16047,16048,16049,16050,16051,16052,16053,16054,16055,16056,16057,
16058,16059,16060,16061,16062,16063,16064,16065,16066,16067,16068,16069,
16070,16071,16072,16073,16074,16075,16076,16077,16078,16079,16080,16081,
16082,16083,16084,16085,16086,16087,16088,16089,16090,16091,16092,16093,
16094,16095,16096,16097,16098,16099,16100,16101,16102,16103,16104,16105,
16106,16107,16108,16109,16110,16111,16112,16113,16114,16115,16116,16117,
16118,16119,16120,16121,16122,16123,16124,16125,16126,16127,16128,16129,
16130,16131,16132,16133,16134,16135,16136,16137,16138,16139,16140,16141,
16142,16143,16144,16145,16146,16147,16148,16149,16150,16151,16152,16153,
16154,16155,16156,16157,16158,16159,16160,16161,16162,16163,16164,16165,
16166,16167,16168,16169,16170,16171,16172,16173,16174,16175,16176,16177,
16178,16179,16180,16181,16182,16183,16184,16185,16186,16187,16188,16189,
16190,16191,16192,16193,16194,16195,16196,16197,16198,16199,16200,16201,
16202,16203,16204,16205,16206,16207,16208,16209,16210,16211,16212,16213,
16214,16215,16216,16217,16218,16219,16220,16221,16222,16223,16224,16225,
16226,16227,16228,16229,16230,16231,16232,16233,16234,16235,16236,16237,
16238,16239,16240,16241,16242,16243,16244,16245,16246,16247,16248,16249,
16250,16251,16252,16253,16254,16255,16256,16257,16258,16259,16260,16261,
16262,16263,16264,16265,16266,16267,16268,16269,16270,16271,16272,16273,
16274,16275,16276,16277,16278,16279,16280,16281,16282,16283,16284,16285,
16286,16287,16288,16289,16290,16291,16292,16293,16294,16295,16296,16297,
16298,16299,16300,16301,16302,16303,16304,16305,16306,16307,16308,16309,
16310,16311,16312,16313,16314,16315,16316,16317,16318,16319,16320,16321,
16322,16323,16324,16325,16326,16327,16328,16329,16330,16331,16332,16333,
16334,16335,16336,16337,16338,16339,16340,16341,16342,16343,16344,16345,
16346,16347,16348,16349,16350,16351,16352,16353,16354,16355,16356,16357,
16358,16359,16360,16361,16362,16363,16364,16365,16366,16367,16368,16369,
16370,16371,16372,16373,16374,16375,16376,16377,16378,16379,16380,16381,
16382,16383,16384,16385,16386,16387,16388,16389,16390,16391,16392,16393,
16394,16395,16396,16397,16398,16399,16400,16401,16402,16403,16404,16405,
16406,16407,16408,16409,16410,16411,16412,16413,16414,16415,16416,16417,
16418,16419,16420,16421,16422,16423,16424,16425,16426,16427,16428,16429,
16430,16431,16432,16433,16434,16435,16436,16437,16438,16439,16440,16441,
16442,16443,16444,16445,16446,16447,16448,16449,16450,16451,16452,16453,
16454,16455,16456,16457,16458,16459,16460,16461,16462,16463,16464,16465,
16466,16467,16468,16469,16470,16471,16472,16473,16474,16475,16476,16477,
16478,16479,16480,16481,16482,16483,16484,16485,16486,16487,16488,16489,
16490,16491,16492,16493,16494,16495,16496,16497,16498,16499,16500,16501,
16502,16503,16504,16505,16506,16507,16508,16509,16510,16511,16512,16513,
16514,16515,16516,16517,16518,16519,16520,16521,16522,16523,16524,16525,
16526,16527,16528,16529,16530,16531,16532,16533,16534,16535,16536,16537,
16538,16539,16540,16541,16542,16543,16544,16545,16546,16547,16548,16549,
16550,16551,16552,16553,16554,16555,16556,16557,16558,16559,16560,16561,
16562,16563,16564,16565,16566,16567,16568,16569,16570,16571,16572,16573,
16574,16575,16576,16577,16578,16579,16580,16581,16582,16583,16584,16585,
16586,16587,16588,16589,16590,16591,16592,16593,16594,16595,16596,16597,
16598,16599,16600,16601,16602,16603,16604,16605,16606,16607,16608,16609,
16610,16611,16612,16613,16614,16615,16616,16617,16618,16619,16620,16621,
16622,16623,16624,16625,16626,16627,16628,16629,16630,16631,16632,16633,
16634,16635,16636,16637,16638,16639,16640,16641,16642,16643,16644,16645,
16646,16647,16648,16649,16650,16651,16652,16653,16654,16655,16656,16657,
16658,16659,16660,16661,16662,16663,16664,16665,16666,16667,16668,16669,
16670,16671,16672,16673,16674,16675,16676,16677,16678,16679,16680,16681,
16682,16683,16684,16685,16686,16687,16688,16689,16690,16691,16692,16693,
16694,16695,16696,16697,16698,16699,16700,16701,16702,16703,16704,16705,
16706,16707,16708,16709,16710,16711,16712,16713,16714,16715,16716,16717,
16718,16719,16720,16721,16722,16723,16724,16725,16726,16727,16728,16729,
16730,16731,16732,16733,16734,16735,16736,16737,16738,16739,16740,16741,
16742,16743,16744,16745,16746,16747,16748,16749,16750,16751,16752,16753,
16754,16755,16756,16757,16758,16759,16760,16761,16762,16763,16764,16765,
16766,16767,16768,16769,16770,16771,16772,16773,16774,16775,16776,16777,
16778,16779,16780,16781,16782,16783,16784,16785,16786,16787,16788,16789,
16790,16791,16792,16793,16794,16795,16796,16797,16798,16799,16800,16801,
16802,16803,16804,16805,16806,16807,16808,16809,16810,16811,16812,16813,
16814,16815,16816,16817,16818,16819,16820,16821,16822,16823,16824,16825,
16826,16827,16828,16829,16830,16831,16832,16833,16834,16835,16836,16837,
16838,16839,16840,16841,16842,16843,16844,16845,16846,16847,16848,16849,
16850,16851,16852,16853,16854,16855,16856,16857,16858,16859,16860,16861,
16862,16863,16864,16865,16866,16867,16868,16869,16870,16871,16872,16873,
16874,16875,16876,16877,16878,16879,16880,16881,16882,16883,16884,16885,
16886,16887,16888,16889,16890,16891,16892,16893,16894,16895,16896,16897,
16898,16899,16900,16901,16902,16903,16904,16905,16906,16907,16908,16909,
16910,16911,16912,16913,16914,16915,16916,16917,16918,16919,16920,16921,
16922,16923,16924,16925,16926,16927,16928,16929,16930,16931,16932,16933,
16934,16935,16936,16937,16938,16939,16940,16941,16942,16943,16944,16945,
16946,16947,16948,16949,16950,16951,16952,16953,16954,16955,16956,16957,
16958,16959,16960,16961,16962,16963,16964,16965,16966,16967,16968,16969,
16970,16971,16972,16973,16974,16975,16976,16977,16978,16979,16980,16981,
16982,16983,16984,16985,16986,16987,16988,16989,16990,16991,16992,16993,
16994,16995,16996,16997,16998,16999,17000,17001,17002,17003,17004,17005,
17006,17007,17008,17009,17010,17011,17012,17013,17014,17015,17016,17017,
17018,17019,17020,17021,17022,17023,17024,17025,17026,17027,17028,17029,
17030,17031,17032,17033,17034,17035,17036,17037,17038,17039,17040,17041,
17042,17043,17044,17045,17046,17047,17048,17049,17050,17051,17052,17053,
17054,17055,17056,17057,17058,17059,17060,17061,17062,17063,17064,17065,
17066,17067,17068,17069,17070,17071,17072,17073,17074,17075,17076,17077,
17078,17079,17080,17081,17082,17083,17084,17085,17086,17087,17088,17089,
17090,17091,17092,17093,17094,17095,17096,17097,17098,17099,17100,17101,
17102,17103,17104,17105,17106,17107,17108,17109,17110,17111,17112,17113,
17114,17115,17116,17117,17118,17119,17120,17121,17122,17123,17124,17125,
17126,17127,17128,17129,17130,17131,17132,17133,17134,17135,17136,17137,
17138,17139,17140,17141,17142,17143,17144,17145,17146,17147,17148,17149,
17150,17151,17152,17153,17154,17155,17156,17157,17158,17159,17160,17161,
17162,17163,17164,17165,17166,17167,17168,17169,17170,17171,17172,17173,
17174,17175,17176,17177,17178,17179,17180,17181,17182,17183,17184,17185,
17186,17187,17188,17189,17190,17191,17192,17193,17194,17195,17196,17197,
17198,17199,17200,17201,17202,17203,17204,17205,17206,17207,17208,17209,
17210,17211,17212,17213,17214,17215,17216,17217,17218,17219,17220,17221,
17222,17223,17224,17225,17226,17227,17228,17229,17230,17231,17232,17233,
17234,17235,17236,17237,17238,17239,17240,17241,17242,17243,17244,17245,
17246,17247,17248,17249,17250,17251,17252,17253,17254,17255,17256,17257,
17258,17259,17260,17261,17262,17263,17264,17265,17266,17267,17268,17269,
17270,17271,17272,17273,17274,17275,17276,17277,17278,17279,17280,17281,
17282,17283,17284,17285,17286,17287,17288,17289,17290,17291,17292,17293,
17294,17295,17296,17297,17298,17299,17300,17301,17302,17303,17304,17305,
17306,17307,17308,17309,17310,17311,17312,17313,17314,17315,17316,17317,
17318,17319,17320,17321,17322,17323,17324,17325,17326,17327,17328,17329,
17330,17331,17332,17333,17334,17335,17336,17337,17338,17339,17340,17341,
17342,17343,17344,17345,17346,17347,17348,17349,17350,17351,17352,17353,
17354,17355,17356,17357,17358,17359,17360,17361,17362,17363,17364,17365,
17366,17367,17368,17369,17370,17371,17372,17373,17374,17375,17376,17377,
17378,17379,17380,17381,17382,17383,17384,17385,17386,17387,17388,17389,
17390,17391,17392,17393,17394,17395,17396,17397,17398,17399,17400,17401,
17402,17403,17404,17405,17406,17407,17408,17409,17410,17411,17412,17413,
17414,17415,17416,17417,17418,17419,17420,17421,17422,17423,17424,17425,
17426,17427,17428,17429,17430,17431,17432,17433,17434,17435,17436,17437,
17438,17439,17440,17441,17442,17443,17444,17445,17446,17447,17448,17449,
17450,17451,17452,17453,17454,17455,17456,17457,17458,17459,17460,17461,
17462,17463,17464,17465,17466,17467,17468,17469,17470,17471,17472,17473,
17474,17475,17476,17477,17478,17479,17480,17481,17482,17483,17484,17485,
17486,17487,17488,17489,17490,17491,17492,17493,17494,17495,17496,17497,
17498,17499,17500,17501,17502,17503,17504,17505,17506,17507,17508,17509,
17510,17511,17512,17513,17514,17515,17516,17517,17518,17519,17520,17521,
17522,17523,17524,17525,17526,17527,17528,17529,17530,17531,17532,17533,
17534,17535,17536,17537,17538,17539,17540,17541,17542,17543,17544,17545,
17546,17547,17548,17549,17550,17551,17552,17553,17554,17555,17556,17557,
17558,17559,17560,17561,17562,17563,17564,17565,17566,17567,17568,17569,
17570,17571,17572,17573,17574,17575,17576,17577,17578,17579,17580,17581,
17582,17583,17584,17585,17586,17587,17588,17589,17590,17591,17592,17593,
17594,17595,17596,17597,17598,17599,17600,17601,17602,17603,17604,17605,
17606,17607,17608,17609,17610,17611,17612,17613,17614,17615,17616,17617,
17618,17619,17620,17621,17622,17623,17624,17625,17626,17627,17628,17629,
17630,17631,17632,17633,17634,17635,17636,17637,17638,17639,17640,17641,
17642,17643,17644,17645,17646,17647,17648,17649,17650,17651,17652,17653,
17654,17655,17656,17657,17658,17659,17660,17661,17662,17663,17664,17665,
17666,17667,17668,17669,17670,17671,17672,17673,17674,17675,17676,17677,
17678,17679,17680,17681,17682,17683,17684,17685,17686,17687,17688,17689,
17690,17691,17692,17693,17694,17695,17696,17697,17698,17699,17700,17701,
17702,17703,17704,17705,17706,17707,17708,17709,17710,17711,17712,17713,
17714,17715,17716,17717,17718,17719,17720,17721,17722,17723,17724,17725,
17726,17727,17728,17729,17730,17731,17732,17733,17734,17735,17736,17737,
17738,17739,17740,17741,17742,17743,17744,17745,17746,17747,17748,17749,
17750,17751,17752,17753,17754,17755,17756,17757,17758,17759,17760,17761,
17762,17763,17764,17765,17766,17767,17768,17769,17770,17771,17772,17773,
17774,17775,17776,17777,17778,17779,17780,17781,17782,17783,17784,17785,
17786,17787,17788,17789,17790,17791,17792,17793,17794,17795,17796,17797,
17798,17799,17800,17801,17802,17803,17804,17805,17806,17807,17808,17809,
17810,17811,17812,17813,17814,17815,17816,17817,17818,17819,17820,17821,
17822,17823,17824,17825,17826,17827,17828,17829,17830,17831,17832,17833,
17834,17835,17836,17837,17838,17839,17840,17841,17842,17843,17844,17845,
17846,17847,17848,17849,17850,17851,17852,17853,17854,17855,17856,17857,
17858,17859,17860,17861,17862,17863,17864,17865,17866,17867,17868,17869,
17870,17871,17872,17873,17874,17875,17876,17877,17878,17879,17880,17881,
17882,17883,17884,17885,17886,17887,17888,17889,17890,17891,17892,17893,
17894,17895,17896,17897,17898,17899,17900,17901,17902,17903,17904,17905,
17906,17907,17908,17909,17910,17911,17912,17913,17914,17915,17916,17917,
17918,17919,17920,17921,17922,17923,17924,17925,17926,17927,17928,17929,
17930,17931,17932,17933,17934,17935,17936,17937,17938,17939,17940,17941,
17942,17943,17944,17945,17946,17947,17948,17949,17950,17951,17952,17953,
17954,17955,17956,17957,17958,17959,17960,17961,17962,17963,17964,17965,
17966,17967,17968,17969,17970,17971,17972,17973,17974,17975,17976,17977,
17978,17979,17980,17981,17982,17983,17984,17985,17986,17987,17988,17989,
17990,17991,17992,17993,17994,17995,17996,17997,17998,17999,18000,18001,
18002,18003,18004,18005,18006,18007,18008,18009,18010,18011,18012,18013,
18014,18015,18016,18017,18018,18019,18020,18021,18022,18023,18024,18025,
18026,18027,18028,18029,18030,18031,18032,18033,18034,18035,18036,18037,
18038,18039,18040,18041,18042,18043,18044,18045,18046,18047,18048,18049,
18050,18051,18052,18053,18054,18055,18056,18057,18058,18059,18060,18061,
18062,18063,18064,18065,18066,18067,18068,18069,18070,18071,18072,18073,
18074,18075,18076,18077,18078,18079,18080,18081,18082,18083,18084,18085,
18086,18087,18088,18089,18090,18091,18092,18093,18094,18095,18096,18097,
18098,18099,18100,18101,18102,18103,18104,18105,18106,18107,18108,18109,
18110,18111,18112,18113,18114,18115,18116,18117,18118,18119,18120,18121,
18122,18123,18124,18125,18126,18127,18128,18129,18130,18131,18132,18133,
18134,18135,18136,18137,18138,18139,18140,18141,18142,18143,18144,18145,
18146,18147,18148,18149,18150,18151,18152,18153,18154,18155,18156,18157,
18158,18159,18160,18161,18162,18163,18164,18165,18166,18167,18168,18169,
18170,18171,18172,18173,18174,18175,18176,18177,18178,18179,18180,18181,
18182,18183,18184,18185,18186,18187,18188,18189,18190,18191,18192,18193,
18194,18195,18196,18197,18198,18199,18200,18201,18202,18203,18204,18205,
18206,18207,18208,18209,18210,18211,18212,18213,18214,18215,18216,18217,
18218,18219,18220,18221,18222,18223,18224,18225,18226,18227,18228,18229,
18230,18231,18232,18233,18234,18235,18236,18237,18238,18239,18240,18241,
18242,18243,18244,18245,18246,18247,18248,18249,18250,18251,18252,18253,
18254,18255,18256,18257,18258,18259,18260,18261,18262,18263,18264,18265,
18266,18267,18268,18269,18270,18271,18272,18273,18274,18275,18276,18277,
18278,18279,18280,18281,18282,18283,18284,18285,18286,18287,18288,18289,
18290,18291,18292,18293,18294,18295,18296,18297,18298,18299,18300,18301,
18302,18303,18304,18305,18306,18307,18308,18309,18310,18311,18312,18313,
18314,18315,18316,18317,18318,18319,18320,18321,18322,18323,18324,18325,
18326,18327,18328,18329,18330,18331,18332,18333,18334,18335,18336,18337,
18338,18339,18340,18341,18342,18343,18344,18345,18346,18347,18348,18349,
18350,18351,18352,18353,18354,18355,18356,18357,18358,18359,18360,18361,
18362,18363,18364,18365,18366,18367,18368,18369,18370,18371,18372,18373,
18374,18375,18376,18377,18378,18379,18380,18381,18382,18383,18384,18385,
18386,18387,18388,18389,18390,18391,18392,18393,18394,18395,18396,18397,
18398,18399,18400,18401,18402,18403,18404,18405,18406,18407,18408,18409,
18410,18411,18412,18413,18414,18415,18416,18417,18418,18419,18420,18421,
18422,18423,18424,18425,18426,18427,18428,18429,18430,18431,18432,18433,
18434,18435,18436,18437,18438,18439,18440,18441,18442,18443,18444,18445,
18446,18447,18448,18449,18450,18451,18452,18453,18454,18455,18456,18457,
18458,18459,18460,18461,18462,18463,18464,18465,18466,18467,18468,18469,
18470,18471,18472,18473,18474,18475,18476,18477,18478,18479,18480,18481,
18482,18483,18484,18485,18486,18487,18488,18489,18490,18491,18492,18493,
18494,18495,18496,18497,18498,18499,18500,18501,18502,18503,18504,18505,
18506,18507,18508,18509,18510,18511,18512,18513,18514,18515,18516,18517,
18518,18519,18520,18521,18522,18523,18524,18525,18526,18527,18528,18529,
18530,18531,18532,18533,18534,18535,18536,18537,18538,18539,18540,18541,
18542,18543,18544,18545,18546,18547,18548,18549,18550,18551,18552,18553,
18554,18555,18556,18557,18558,18559,18560,18561,18562,18563,18564,18565,
18566,18567,18568,18569,18570,18571,18572,18573,18574,18575,18576,18577,
18578,18579,18580,18581,18582,18583,18584,18585,18586,18587,18588,18589,
18590,18591,18592,18593,18594,18595,18596,18597,18598,18599,18600,18601,
18602,18603,18604,18605,18606,18607,18608,18609,18610,18611,18612,18613,
18614,18615,18616,18617,18618,18619,18620,18621,18622,18623,18624,18625,
18626,18627,18628,18629,18630,18631,18632,18633,18634,18635,18636,18637,
18638,18639,18640,18641,18642,18643,18644,18645,18646,18647,18648,18649,
18650,18651,18652,18653,18654,18655,18656,18657,18658,18659,18660,18661,
18662,18663,18664,18665,18666,18667,18668,18669,18670,18671,18672,18673,
18674,18675,18676,18677,18678,18679,18680,18681,18682,18683,18684,18685,
18686,18687,18688,18689,18690,18691,18692,18693,18694,18695,18696,18697,
18698,18699,18700,18701,18702,18703,18704,18705,18706,18707,18708,18709,
18710,18711,18712,18713,18714,18715,18716,18717,18718,18719,18720,18721,
18722,18723,18724,18725,18726,18727,18728,18729,18730,18731,18732,18733,
18734,18735,18736,18737,18738,18739,18740,18741,18742,18743,18744,18745,
18746,18747,18748,18749,18750,18751,18752,18753,18754,18755,18756,18757,
18758,18759,18760,18761,18762,18763,18764,18765,18766,18767,18768,18769,
18770,18771,18772,18773,18774,18775,18776,18777,18778,18779,18780,18781,
18782,18783,18784,18785,18786,18787,18788,18789,18790,18791,18792,18793,
18794,18795,18796,18797,18798,18799,18800,18801,18802,18803,18804,18805,
18806,18807,18808,18809,18810,18811,18812,18813,18814,18815,18816,18817,
18818,18819,18820,18821,18822,18823,18824,18825,18826,18827,18828,18829,
18830,18831,18832,18833,18834,18835,18836,18837,18838,18839,18840,18841,
18842,18843,18844,18845,18846,18847,18848,18849,18850,18851,18852,18853,
18854,18855,18856,18857,18858,18859,18860,18861,18862,18863,18864,18865,
18866,18867,18868,18869,18870,18871,18872,18873,18874,18875,18876,18877,
18878,18879,18880,18881,18882,18883,18884,18885,18886,18887,18888,18889,
18890,18891,18892,18893,18894,18895,18896,18897,18898,18899,18900,18901,
18902,18903,18904,18905,18906,18907,18908,18909,18910,18911,18912,18913,
18914,18915,18916,18917,18918,18919,18920,18921,18922,18923,18924,18925,
18926,18927,18928,18929,18930,18931,18932,18933,18934,18935,18936,18937,
18938,18939,18940,18941,18942,18943,18944,18945,18946,18947,18948,18949,
18950,18951,18952,18953,18954,18955,18956,18957,18958,18959,18960,18961,
18962,18963,18964,18965,18966,18967,18968,18969,18970,18971,18972,18973,
18974,18975,18976,18977,18978,18979,18980,18981,18982,18983,18984,18985,
18986,18987,18988,18989,18990,18991,18992,18993,18994,18995,18996,18997,
18998,18999,19000,19001,19002,19003,19004,19005,19006,19007,19008,19009,
19010,19011,19012,19013,19014,19015,19016,19017,19018,19019,19020,19021,
19022,19023,19024,19025,19026,19027,19028,19029,19030,19031,19032,19033,
19034,19035,19036,19037,19038,19039,19040,19041,19042,19043,19044,19045,
19046,19047,19048,19049,19050,19051,19052,19053,19054,19055,19056,19057,
19058,19059,19060,19061,19062,19063,19064,19065,19066,19067,19068,19069,
19070,19071,19072,19073,19074,19075,19076,19077,19078,19079,19080,19081,
19082,19083,19084,19085,19086,19087,19088,19089,19090,19091,19092,19093,
19094,19095,19096,19097,19098,19099,19100,19101,19102,19103,19104,19105,
19106,19107,19108,19109,19110,19111,19112,19113,19114,19115,19116,19117,
19118,19119,19120,19121,19122,19123,19124,19125,19126,19127,19128,19129,
19130,19131,19132,19133,19134,19135,19136,19137,19138,19139,19140,19141,
19142,19143,19144,19145,19146,19147,19148,19149,19150,19151,19152,19153,
19154,19155,19156,19157,19158,19159,19160,19161,19162,19163,19164,19165,
19166,19167,19168,19169,19170,19171,19172,19173,19174,19175,19176,19177,
19178,19179,19180,19181,19182,19183,19184,19185,19186,19187,19188,19189,
19190,19191,19192,19193,19194,19195,19196,19197,19198,19199,19200,19201,
19202,19203,19204,19205,19206,19207,19208,19209,19210,19211,19212,19213,
19214,19215,19216,19217,19218,19219,19220,19221,19222,19223,19224,19225,
19226,19227,19228,19229,19230,19231,19232,19233,19234,19235,19236,19237,
19238,19239,19240,19241,19242,19243,19244,19245,19246,19247,19248,19249,
19250,19251,19252,19253,19254,19255,19256,19257,19258,19259,19260,19261,
19262,19263,19264,19265,19266,19267,19268,19269,19270,19271,19272,19273,
19274,19275,19276,19277,19278,19279,19280,19281,19282,19283,19284,19285,
19286,19287,19288,19289,19290,19291,19292,19293,19294,19295,19296,19297,
19298,19299,19300,19301,19302,19303,19304,19305,19306,19307,19308,19309,
19310,19311,19312,19313,19314,19315,19316,19317,19318,19319,19320,19321,
19322,19323,19324,19325,19326,19327,19328,19329,19330,19331,19332,19333,
19334,19335,19336,19337,19338,19339,19340,19341,19342,19343,19344,19345,
19346,19347,19348,19349,19350,19351,19352,19353,19354,19355,19356,19357,
19358,19359,19360,19361,19362,19363,19364,19365,19366,19367,19368,19369,
19370,19371,19372,19373,19374,19375,19376,19377,19378,19379,19380,19381,
19382,19383,19384,19385,19386,19387,19388,19389,19390,19391,19392,19393,
19394,19395,19396,19397,19398,19399,19400,19401,19402,19403,19404,19405,
19406,19407,19408,19409,19410,19411,19412,19413,19414,19415,19416,19417,
19418,19419,19420,19421,19422,19423,19424,19425,19426,19427,19428,19429,
19430,19431,19432,19433,19434,19435,19436,19437,19438,19439,19440,19441,
19442,19443,19444,19445,19446,19447,19448,19449,19450,19451,19452,19453,
19454,19455,19456,19457,19458,19459,19460,19461,19462,19463,19464,19465,
19466,19467,19468,19469,19470,19471,19472,19473,19474,19475,19476,19477,
19478,19479,19480,19481,19482,19483,19484,19485,19486,19487,19488,19489,
19490,19491,19492,19493,19494,19495,19496,19497,19498,19499,19500,19501,
19502,19503,19504,19505,19506,19507,19508,19509,19510,19511,19512,19513,
19514,19515,19516,19517,19518,19519,19520,19521,19522,19523,19524,19525,
19526,19527,19528,19529,19530,19531,19532,19533,19534,19535,19536,19537,
19538,19539,19540,19541,19542,19543,19544,19545,19546,19547,19548,19549,
19550,19551,19552,19553,19554,19555,19556,19557,19558,19559,19560,19561,
19562,19563,19564,19565,19566,19567,19568,19569,19570,19571,19572,19573,
19574,19575,19576,19577,19578,19579,19580,19581,19582,19583,19584,19585,
19586,19587,19588,19589,19590,19591,19592,19593,19594,19595,19596,19597,
19598,19599,19600,19601,19602,19603,19604,19605,19606,19607,19608,19609,
19610,19611,19612,19613,19614,19615,19616,19617,19618,19619,19620,19621,
19622,19623,19624,19625,19626,19627,19628,19629,19630,19631,19632,19633,
19634,19635,19636,19637,19638,19639,19640,19641,19642,19643,19644,19645,
19646,19647,19648,19649,19650,19651,19652,19653,19654,19655,19656,19657,
19658,19659,19660,19661,19662,19663,19664,19665,19666,19667,19668,19669,
19670,19671,19672,19673,19674,19675,19676,19677,19678,19679,19680,19681,
19682,19683,19684,19685,19686,19687,19688,19689,19690,19691,19692,19693,
19694,19695,19696,19697,19698,19699,19700,19701,19702,19703,19704,19705,
19706,19707,19708,19709,19710,19711,19712,19713,19714,19715,19716,19717,
19718,19719,19720,19721,19722,19723,19724,19725,19726,19727,19728,19729,
19730,19731,19732,19733,19734,19735,19736,19737,19738,19739,19740,19741,
19742,19743,19744,19745,19746,19747,19748,19749,19750,19751,19752,19753,
19754,19755,19756,19757,19758,19759,19760,19761,19762,19763,19764,19765,
19766,19767,19768,19769,19770,19771,19772,19773,19774,19775,19776,19777,
19778,19779,19780,19781,19782,19783,19784,19785,19786,19787,19788,19789,
19790,19791,19792,19793,19794,19795,19796,19797,19798,19799,19800,19801,
19802,19803,19804,19805,19806,19807,19808,19809,19810,19811,19812,19813,
19814,19815,19816,19817,19818,19819,19820,19821,19822,19823,19824,19825,
19826,19827,19828,19829,19830,19831,19832,19833,19834,19835,19836,19837,
19838,19839,19840,19841,19842,19843,19844,19845,19846,19847,19848,19849,
19850,19851,19852,19853,19854,19855,19856,19857,19858,19859,19860,19861,
19862,19863,19864,19865,19866,19867,19868,19869,19870,19871,19872,19873,
19874,19875,19876,19877,19878,19879,19880,19881,19882,19883,19884,19885,
19886,19887,19888,19889,19890,19891,19892,19893,19894,19895,19896,19897,
19898,19899,19900,19901,19902,19903,19904,19905,19906,19907,19908,19909,
19910,19911,19912,19913,19914,19915,19916,19917,19918,19919,19920,19921,
19922,19923,19924,19925,19926,19927,19928,19929,19930,19931,19932,19933,
19934,19935,19936,19937,19938,19939,19940,19941,19942,19943,19944,19945,
19946,19947,19948,19949,19950,19951,19952,19953,19954,19955,19956,19957,
19958,19959,19960,19961,19962,19963,19964,19965,19966,19967,19968,19969,
19970,19971,19972,19973,19974,19975,19976,19977,19978,19979,19980,19981,
19982,19983,19984,19985,19986,19987,19988,19989,19990,19991,19992,19993,
19994,19995,19996,19997,19998,19999,20000,20001,20002,20003,20004,20005,
20006,20007,20008,20009,20010,20011,20012,20013,20014,20015,20016,20017,
20018,20019,20020,20021,20022,20023,20024,20025,20026,20027,20028,20029,
20030,20031,20032,20033,20034,20035,20036,20037,20038,20039,20040,20041,
20042,20043,20044,20045,20046,20047,20048,20049,20050,20051,20052,20053,
20054,20055,20056,20057,20058,20059,20060,20061,20062,20063,20064,20065,
20066,20067,20068,20069,20070,20071,20072,20073,20074,20075,20076,20077,
20078,20079,20080,20081,20082,20083,20084,20085,20086,20087,20088,20089,
20090,20091,20092,20093,20094,20095,20096,20097,20098,20099,20100,20101,
20102,20103,20104,20105,20106,20107,20108,20109,20110,20111,20112,20113,
20114,20115,20116,20117,20118,20119,20120,20121,20122,20123,20124,20125,
20126,20127,20128,20129,20130,20131,20132,20133,20134,20135,20136,20137,
20138,20139,20140,20141,20142,20143,20144,20145,20146,20147,20148,20149,
20150,20151,20152,20153,20154,20155,20156,20157,20158,20159,20160,20161,
20162,20163,20164,20165,20166,20167,20168,20169,20170,20171,20172,20173,
20174,20175,20176,20177,20178,20179,20180,20181,20182,20183,20184,20185,
20186,20187,20188,20189,20190,20191,20192,20193,20194,20195,20196,20197,
20198,20199,20200,20201,20202,20203,20204,20205,20206,20207,20208,20209,
20210,20211,20212,20213,20214,20215,20216,20217,20218,20219,20220,20221,
20222,20223,20224,20225,20226,20227,20228,20229,20230,20231,20232,20233,
20234,20235,20236,20237,20238,20239,20240,20241,20242,20243,20244,20245,
20246,20247,20248,20249,20250,20251,20252,20253,20254,20255,20256,20257,
20258,20259,20260,20261,20262,20263,20264,20265,20266,20267,20268,20269,
20270,20271,20272,20273,20274,20275,20276,20277,20278,20279,20280,20281,
20282,20283,20284,20285,20286,20287,20288,20289,20290,20291,20292,20293,
20294,20295,20296,20297,20298,20299,20300,20301,20302,20303,20304,20305,
20306,20307,20308,20309,20310,20311,20312,20313,20314,20315,20316,20317,
20318,20319,20320,20321,20322,20323,20324,20325,20326,20327,20328,20329,
20330,20331,20332,20333,20334,20335,20336,20337,20338,20339,20340,20341,
20342,20343,20344,20345,20346,20347,20348,20349,20350,20351,20352,20353,
20354,20355,20356,20357,20358,20359,20360,20361,20362,20363,20364,20365,
20366,20367,20368,20369,20370,20371,20372,20373,20374,20375,20376,20377,
20378,20379,20380,20381,20382,20383,20384,20385,20386,20387,20388,20389,
20390,20391,20392,20393,20394,20395,20396,20397,20398,20399,20400,20401,
20402,20403,20404,20405,20406,20407,20408,20409,20410,20411,20412,20413,
20414,20415,20416,20417,20418,20419,20420,20421,20422,20423,20424,20425,
20426,20427,20428,20429,20430,20431,20432,20433,20434,20435,20436,20437,
20438,20439,20440,20441,20442,20443,20444,20445,20446,20447,20448,20449,
20450,20451,20452,20453,20454,20455,20456,20457,20458,20459,20460,20461,
20462,20463,20464,20465,20466,20467,20468,20469,20470,20471,20472,20473,
20474,20475,20476,20477,20478,20479,20480,20481,20482,20483,20484,20485,
20486,20487,20488,20489,20490,20491,20492,20493,20494,20495,20496,20497,
20498,20499,20500,20501,20502,20503,20504,20505,20506,20507,20508,20509,
20510,20511,20512,20513,20514,20515,20516,20517,20518,20519,20520,20521,
20522,20523,20524,20525,20526,20527,20528,20529,20530,20531,20532,20533,
20534,20535,20536,20537,20538,20539,20540,20541,20542,20543,20544,20545,
20546,20547,20548,20549,20550,20551,20552,20553,20554,20555,20556,20557,
20558,20559,20560,20561,20562,20563,20564,20565,20566,20567,20568,20569,
20570,20571,20572,20573,20574,20575,20576,20577,20578,20579,20580,20581,
20582,20583,20584,20585,20586,20587,20588,20589,20590,20591,20592,20593,
20594,20595,20596,20597,20598,20599,20600,20601,20602,20603,20604,20605,
20606,20607,20608,20609,20610,20611,20612,20613,20614,20615,20616,20617,
20618,20619,20620,20621,20622,20623,20624,20625,20626,20627,20628,20629,
20630,20631,20632,20633,20634,20635,20636,20637,20638,20639,20640,20641,
20642,20643,20644,20645,20646,20647,20648,20649,20650,20651,20652,20653,
20654,20655,20656,20657,20658,20659,20660,20661,20662,20663,20664,20665,
20666,20667,20668,20669,20670,20671,20672,20673,20674,20675,20676,20677,
20678,20679,20680,20681,20682,20683,20684,20685,20686,20687,20688,20689,
20690,20691,20692,20693,20694,20695,20696,20697,20698,20699,20700,20701,
20702,20703,20704,20705,20706,20707,20708,20709,20710,20711,20712,20713,
20714,20715,20716,20717,20718,20719,20720,20721,20722,20723,20724,20725,
20726,20727,20728,20729,20730,20731,20732,20733,20734,20735,20736,20737,
20738,20739,20740,20741,20742,20743,20744,20745,20746,20747,20748,20749,
20750,20751,20752,20753,20754,20755,20756,20757,20758,20759,20760,20761,
20762,20763,20764,20765,20766,20767,20768,20769,20770,20771,20772,20773,
20774,20775,20776,20777,20778,20779,20780,20781,20782,20783,20784,20785,
20786,20787,20788,20789,20790,20791,20792,20793,20794,20795,20796,20797,
20798,20799,20800,20801,20802,20803,20804,20805,20806,20807,20808,20809,
20810,20811,20812,20813,20814,20815,20816,20817,20818,20819,20820,20821,
20822,20823,20824,20825,20826,20827,20828,20829,20830,20831,20832,20833,
20834,20835,20836,20837,20838,20839,20840,20841,20842,20843,20844,20845,
20846,20847,20848,20849,20850,20851,20852,20853,20854,20855,20856,20857,
20858,20859,20860,20861,20862,20863,20864,20865,20866,20867,20868,20869,
20870,20871,20872,20873,20874,20875,20876,20877,20878,20879,20880,20881,
20882,20883,20884,20885,20886,20887,20888,20889,20890,20891,20892,20893,
20894,20895,20896,20897,20898,20899,20900,20901,20902,20903,20904,20905,
20906,20907,20908,20909,20910,20911,20912,20913,20914,20915,20916,20917,
20918,20919,20920,20921,20922,20923,20924,20925,20926,20927,20928,20929,
20930,20931,20932,20933,20934,20935,20936,20937,20938,20939,20940,20941,
20942,20943,20944,20945,20946,20947,20948,20949,20950,20951,20952,20953,
20954,20955,20956,20957,20958,20959,20960,20961,20962,20963,20964,20965,
20966,20967,20968,20969,20970,20971,20972,20973,20974,20975,20976,20977,
20978,20979,20980,20981,20982,20983,20984,20985,20986,20987,20988,20989,
20990,20991,20992,20993,20994,20995,20996,20997,20998,20999,21000,21001,
21002,21003,21004,21005,21006,21007,21008,21009,21010,21011,21012,21013,
21014,21015,21016,21017,21018,21019,21020,21021,21022,21023,21024,21025,
21026,21027,21028,21029,21030,21031,21032,21033,21034,21035,21036,21037,
21038,21039,21040,21041,21042,21043,21044,21045,21046,21047,21048,21049,
21050,21051,21052,21053,21054,21055,21056,21057,21058,21059,21060,21061,
21062,21063,21064,21065,21066,21067,21068,21069,21070,21071,21072,21073,
21074,21075,21076,21077,21078,21079,21080,21081,21082,21083,21084,21085,
21086,21087,21088,21089,21090,21091,21092,21093,21094,21095,21096,21097,
21098,21099,21100,21101,21102,21103,21104,21105,21106,21107,21108,21109,
21110,21111,21112,21113,21114,21115,21116,21117,21118,21119,21120,21121,
21122,21123,21124,21125,21126,21127,21128,21129,21130,21131,21132,21133,
21134,21135,21136,21137,21138,21139,21140,21141,21142,21143,21144,21145,
21146,21147,21148,21149,21150,21151,21152,21153,21154,21155,21156,21157,
21158,21159,21160,21161,21162,21163,21164,21165,21166,21167,21168,21169,
21170,21171,21172,21173,21174,21175,21176,21177,21178,21179,21180,21181,
21182,21183,21184,21185,21186,21187,21188,21189,21190,21191,21192,21193,
21194,21195,21196,21197,21198,21199,21200,21201,21202,21203,21204,21205,
21206,21207,21208,21209,21210,21211,21212,21213,21214,21215,21216,21217,
21218,21219,21220,21221,21222,21223,21224,21225,21226,21227,21228,21229,
21230,21231,21232,21233,21234,21235,21236,21237,21238,21239,21240,21241,
21242,21243,21244,21245,21246,21247,21248,21249,21250,21251,21252,21253,
21254,21255,21256,21257,21258,21259,21260,21261,21262,21263,21264,21265,
21266,21267,21268,21269,21270,21271,21272,21273,21274,21275,21276,21277,
21278,21279,21280,21281,21282,21283,21284,21285,21286,21287,21288,21289,
21290,21291,21292,21293,21294,21295,21296,21297,21298,21299,21300,21301,
21302,21303,21304,21305,21306,21307,21308,21309,21310,21311,21312,21313,
21314,21315,21316,21317,21318,21319,21320,21321,21322,21323,21324,21325,
21326,21327,21328,21329,21330,21331,21332,21333,21334,21335,21336,21337,
21338,21339,21340,21341,21342,21343,21344,21345,21346,21347,21348,21349,
21350,21351,21352,21353,21354,21355,21356,21357,21358,21359,21360,21361,
21362,21363,21364,21365,21366,21367,21368,21369,21370,21371,21372,21373,
21374,21375,21376,21377,21378,21379,21380,21381,21382,21383,21384,21385,
21386,21387,21388,21389,21390,21391,21392,21393,21394,21395,21396,21397,
21398,21399,21400,21401,21402,21403,21404,21405,21406,21407,21408,21409,
21410,21411,21412,21413,21414,21415,21416,21417,21418,21419,21420,21421,
21422,21423,21424,21425,21426,21427,21428,21429,21430,21431,21432,21433,
21434,21435,21436,21437,21438,21439,21440,21441,21442,21443,21444,21445,
21446,21447,21448,21449,21450,21451,21452,21453,21454,21455,21456,21457,
21458,21459,21460,21461,21462,21463,21464,21465,21466,21467,21468,21469,
21470,21471,21472,21473,21474,21475,21476,21477,21478,21479,21480,21481,
21482,21483,21484,21485,21486,21487,21488,21489,21490,21491,21492,21493,
21494,21495,21496,21497,21498,21499,21500,21501,21502,21503,21504,21505,
21506,21507,21508,21509,21510,21511,21512,21513,21514,21515,21516,21517,
21518,21519,21520,21521,21522,21523,21524,21525,21526,21527,21528,21529,
21530,21531,21532,21533,21534,21535,21536,21537,21538,21539,21540,21541,
21542,21543,21544,21545,21546,21547,21548,21549,21550,21551,21552,21553,
21554,21555,21556,21557,21558,21559,21560,21561,21562,21563,21564,21565,
21566,21567,21568,21569,21570,21571,21572,21573,21574,21575,21576,21577,
21578,21579,21580,21581,21582,21583,21584,21585,21586,21587,21588,21589,
21590,21591,21592,21593,21594,21595,21596,21597,21598,21599,21600,21601,
21602,21603,21604,21605,21606,21607,21608,21609,21610,21611,21612,21613,
21614,21615,21616,21617,21618,21619,21620,21621,21622,21623,21624,21625,
21626,21627,21628,21629,21630,21631,21632,21633,21634,21635,21636,21637,
21638,21639,21640,21641,21642,21643,21644,21645,21646,21647,21648,21649,
21650,21651,21652,21653,21654,21655,21656,21657,21658,21659,21660,21661,
21662,21663,21664,21665,21666,21667,21668,21669,21670,21671,21672,21673,
21674,21675,21676,21677,21678,21679,21680,21681,21682,21683,21684,21685,
21686,21687,21688,21689,21690,21691,21692,21693,21694,21695,21696,21697,
21698,21699,21700,21701,21702,21703,21704,21705,21706,21707,21708,21709,
21710,21711,21712,21713,21714,21715,21716,21717,21718,21719,21720,21721,
21722,21723,21724,21725,21726,21727,21728,21729,21730,21731,21732,21733,
21734,21735,21736,21737,21738,21739,21740,21741,21742,21743,21744,21745,
21746,21747,21748,21749,21750,21751,21752,21753,21754,21755,21756,21757,
21758,21759,21760,21761,21762,21763,21764,21765,21766,21767,21768,21769,
21770,21771,21772,21773,21774,21775,21776,21777,21778,21779,21780,21781,
21782,21783,21784,21785,21786,21787,21788,21789,21790,21791,21792,21793,
21794,21795,21796,21797,21798,21799,21800,21801,21802,21803,21804,21805,
21806,21807,21808,21809,21810,21811,21812,21813,21814,21815,21816,21817,
21818,21819,21820,21821,21822,21823,21824,21825,21826,21827,21828,21829,
21830,21831,21832,21833,21834,21835,21836,21837,21838,21839,21840,21841,
21842,21843,21844,21845,21846,21847,21848,21849,21850,21851,21852,21853,
21854,21855,21856,21857,21858,21859,21860,21861,21862,21863,21864,21865,
21866,21867,21868,21869,21870,21871,21872,21873,21874,21875,21876,21877,
21878,21879,21880,21881,21882,21883,21884,21885,21886,21887,21888,21889,
21890,21891,21892,21893,21894,21895,21896,21897,21898,21899,21900,21901,
21902,21903,21904,21905,21906,21907,21908,21909,21910,21911,21912,21913,
21914,21915,21916,21917,21918,21919,21920,21921,21922,21923,21924,21925,
21926,21927,21928,21929,21930,21931,21932,21933,21934,21935,21936,21937,
21938,21939,21940,21941,21942,21943,21944,21945,21946,21947,21948,21949,
21950,21951,21952,21953,21954,21955,21956,21957,21958,21959,21960,21961,
21962,21963,21964,21965,21966,21967,21968,21969,21970,21971,21972,21973,
21974,21975,21976,21977,21978,21979,21980,21981,21982,21983,21984,21985,
21986,21987,21988,21989,21990,21991,21992,21993,21994,21995,21996,21997,
21998,21999,22000,22001,22002,22003,22004,22005,22006,22007,22008,22009,
22010,22011,22012,22013,22014,22015,22016,22017,22018,22019,22020,22021,
22022,22023,22024,22025,22026,22027,22028,22029,22030,22031,22032,22033,
22034,22035,22036,22037,22038,22039,22040,22041,22042,22043,22044,22045,
22046,22047,22048,22049,22050,22051,22052,22053,22054,22055,22056,22057,
22058,22059,22060,22061,22062,22063,22064,22065,22066,22067,22068,22069,
22070,22071,22072,22073,22074,22075,22076,22077,22078,22079,22080,22081,
22082,22083,22084,22085,22086,22087,22088,22089,22090,22091,22092,22093,
22094,22095,22096,22097,22098,22099,22100,22101,22102,22103,22104,22105,
22106,22107,22108,22109,22110,22111,22112,22113,22114,22115,22116,22117,
22118,22119,22120,22121,22122,22123,22124,22125,22126,22127,22128,22129,
22130,22131,22132,22133,22134,22135,22136,22137,22138,22139,22140,22141,
22142,22143,22144,22145,22146,22147,22148,22149,22150,22151,22152,22153,
22154,22155,22156,22157,22158,22159,22160,22161,22162,22163,22164,22165,
22166,22167,22168,22169,22170,22171,22172,22173,22174,22175,22176,22177,
22178,22179,22180,22181,22182,22183,22184,22185,22186,22187,22188,22189,
22190,22191,22192,22193,22194,22195,22196,22197,22198,22199,22200,22201,
22202,22203,22204,22205,22206,22207,22208,22209,22210,22211,22212,22213,
22214,22215,22216,22217,22218,22219,22220,22221,22222,22223,22224,22225,
22226,22227,22228,22229,22230,22231,22232,22233,22234,22235,22236,22237,
22238,22239,22240,22241,22242,22243,22244,22245,22246,22247,22248,22249,
22250,22251,22252,22253,22254,22255,22256,22257,22258,22259,22260,22261,
22262,22263,22264,22265,22266,22267,22268,22269,22270,22271,22272,22273,
22274,22275,22276,22277,22278,22279,22280,22281,22282,22283,22284,22285,
22286,22287,22288,22289,22290,22291,22292,22293,22294,22295,22296,22297,
22298,22299,22300,22301,22302,22303,22304,22305,22306,22307,22308,22309,
22310,22311,22312,22313,22314,22315,22316,22317,22318,22319,22320,22321,
22322,22323,22324,22325,22326,22327,22328,22329,22330,22331,22332,22333,
22334,22335,22336,22337,22338,22339,22340,22341,22342,22343,22344,22345,
22346,22347,22348,22349,22350,22351,22352,22353,22354,22355,22356,22357,
22358,22359,22360,22361,22362,22363,22364,22365,22366,22367,22368,22369,
22370,22371,22372,22373,22374,22375,22376,22377,22378,22379,22380,22381,
22382,22383,22384,22385,22386,22387,22388,22389,22390,22391,22392,22393,
22394,22395,22396,22397,22398,22399,22400,22401,22402,22403,22404,22405,
22406,22407,22408,22409,22410,22411,22412,22413,22414,22415,22416,22417,
22418,22419,22420,22421,22422,22423,22424,22425,22426,22427,22428,22429,
22430,22431,22432,22433,22434,22435,22436,22437,22438,22439,22440,22441,
22442,22443,22444,22445,22446,22447,22448,22449,22450,22451,22452,22453,
22454,22455,22456,22457,22458,22459,22460,22461,22462,22463,22464,22465,
22466,22467,22468,22469,22470,22471,22472,22473,22474,22475,22476,22477,
22478,22479,22480,22481,22482,22483,22484,22485,22486,22487,22488,22489,
22490,22491,22492,22493,22494,22495,22496,22497,22498,22499,22500,22501,
22502,22503,22504,22505,22506,22507,22508,22509,22510,22511,22512,22513,
22514,22515,22516,22517,22518,22519,22520,22521,22522,22523,22524,22525,
22526,22527,22528,22529,22530,22531,22532,22533,22534,22535,22536,22537,
22538,22539,22540,22541,22542,22543,22544,22545,22546,22547,22548,22549,
22550,22551,22552,22553,22554,22555,22556,22557,22558,22559,22560,22561,
22562,22563,22564,22565,22566,22567,22568,22569,22570,22571,22572,22573,
22574,22575,22576,22577,22578,22579,22580,22581,22582,22583,22584,22585,
22586,22587,22588,22589,22590,22591,22592,22593,22594,22595,22596,22597,
22598,22599,22600,22601,22602,22603,22604,22605,22606,22607,22608,22609,
22610,22611,22612,22613,22614,22615,22616,22617,22618,22619,22620,22621,
22622,22623,22624,22625,22626,22627,22628,22629,22630,22631,22632,22633,
22634,22635,22636,22637,22638,22639,22640,22641,22642,22643,22644,22645,
22646,22647,22648,22649,22650,22651,22652,22653,22654,22655,22656,22657,
22658,22659,22660,22661,22662,22663,22664,22665,22666,22667,22668,22669,
22670,22671,22672,22673,22674,22675,22676,22677,22678,22679,22680,22681,
22682,22683,22684,22685,22686,22687,22688,22689,22690,22691,22692,22693,
22694,22695,22696,22697,22698,22699,22700,22701,22702,22703,22704,22705,
22706,22707,22708,22709,22710,22711,22712,22713,22714,22715,22716,22717,
22718,22719,22720,22721,22722,22723,22724,22725,22726,22727,22728,22729,
22730,22731,22732,22733,22734,22735,22736,22737,22738,22739,22740,22741,
22742,22743,22744,22745,22746,22747,22748,22749,22750,22751,22752,22753,
22754,22755,22756,22757,22758,22759,22760,22761,22762,22763,22764,22765,
22766,22767,22768,22769,22770,22771,22772,22773,22774,22775,22776,22777,
22778,22779,22780,22781,22782,22783,22784,22785,22786,22787,22788,22789,
22790,22791,22792,22793,22794,22795,22796,22797,22798,22799,22800,22801,
22802,22803,22804,22805,22806,22807,22808,22809,22810,22811,22812,22813,
22814,22815,22816,22817,22818,22819,22820,22821,22822,22823,22824,22825,
22826,22827,22828,22829,22830,22831,22832,22833,22834,22835,22836,22837,
22838,22839,22840,22841,22842,22843,22844,22845,22846,22847,22848,22849,
22850,22851,22852,22853,22854,22855,22856,22857,22858,22859,22860,22861,
22862,22863,22864,22865,22866,22867,22868,22869,22870,22871,22872,22873,
22874,22875,22876,22877,22878,22879,22880,22881,22882,22883,22884,22885,
22886,22887,22888,22889,22890,22891,22892,22893,22894,22895,22896,22897,
22898,22899,22900,22901,22902,22903,22904,22905,22906,22907,22908,22909,
22910,22911,22912,22913,22914,22915,22916,22917,22918,22919,22920,22921,
22922,22923,22924,22925,22926,22927,22928,22929,22930,22931,22932,22933,
22934,22935,22936,22937,22938,22939,22940,22941,22942,22943,22944,22945,
22946,22947,22948,22949,22950,22951,22952,22953,22954,22955,22956,22957,
22958,22959,22960,22961,22962,22963,22964,22965,22966,22967,22968,22969,
22970,22971,22972,22973,22974,22975,22976,22977,22978,22979,22980,22981,
22982,22983,22984,22985,22986,22987,22988,22989,22990,22991,22992,22993,
22994,22995,22996,22997,22998,22999,23000,23001,23002,23003,23004,23005,
23006,23007,23008,23009,23010,23011,23012,23013,23014,23015,23016,23017,
23018,23019,23020,23021,23022,23023,23024,23025,23026,23027,23028,23029,
23030,23031,23032,23033,23034,23035,23036,23037,23038,23039,23040,23041,
23042,23043,23044,23045,23046,23047,23048,23049,23050,23051,23052,23053,
23054,23055,23056,23057,23058,23059,23060,23061,23062,23063,23064,23065,
23066,23067,23068,23069,23070,23071,23072,23073,23074,23075,23076,23077,
23078,23079,23080,23081,23082,23083,23084,23085,23086,23087,23088,23089,
23090,23091,23092,23093,23094,23095,23096,23097,23098,23099,23100,23101,
23102,23103,23104,23105,23106,23107,23108,23109,23110,23111,23112,23113,
23114,23115,23116,23117,23118,23119,23120,23121,23122,23123,23124,23125,
23126,23127,23128,23129,23130,23131,23132,23133,23134,23135,23136,23137,
23138,23139,23140,23141,23142,23143,23144,23145,23146,23147,23148,23149,
23150,23151,23152,23153,23154,23155,23156,23157,23158,23159,23160,23161,
23162,23163,23164,23165,23166,23167,23168,23169,23170,23171,23172,23173,
23174,23175,23176,23177,23178,23179,23180,23181,23182,23183,23184,23185,
23186,23187,23188,23189,23190,23191,23192,23193,23194,23195,23196,23197,
23198,23199,23200,23201,23202,23203,23204,23205,23206,23207,23208,23209,
23210,23211,23212,23213,23214,23215,23216,23217,23218,23219,23220,23221,
23222,23223,23224,23225,23226,23227,23228,23229,23230,23231,23232,23233,
23234,23235,23236,23237,23238,23239,23240,23241,23242,23243,23244,23245,
23246,23247,23248,23249,23250,23251,23252,23253,23254,23255,23256,23257,
23258,23259,23260,23261,23262,23263,23264,23265,23266,23267,23268,23269,
23270,23271,23272,23273,23274,23275,23276,23277,23278,23279,23280,23281,
23282,23283,23284,23285,23286,23287,23288,23289,23290,23291,23292,23293,
23294,23295,23296,23297,23298,23299,23300,23301,23302,23303,23304,23305,
23306,23307,23308,23309,23310,23311,23312,23313,23314,23315,23316,23317,
23318,23319,23320,23321,23322,23323,23324,23325,23326,23327,23328,23329,
23330,23331,23332,23333,23334,23335,23336,23337,23338,23339,23340,23341,
23342,23343,23344,23345,23346,23347,23348,23349,23350,23351,23352,23353,
23354,23355,23356,23357,23358,23359,23360,23361,23362,23363,23364,23365,
23366,23367,23368,23369,23370,23371,23372,23373,23374,23375,23376,23377,
23378,23379,23380,23381,23382,23383,23384,23385,23386,23387,23388,23389,
23390,23391,23392,23393,23394,23395,23396,23397,23398,23399,23400,23401,
23402,23403,23404,23405,23406,23407,23408,23409,23410,23411,23412,23413,
23414,23415,23416,23417,23418,23419,23420,23421,23422,23423,23424,23425,
23426,23427,23428,23429,23430,23431,23432,23433,23434,23435,23436,23437,
23438,23439,23440,23441,23442,23443,23444,23445,23446,23447,23448,23449,
23450,23451,23452,23453,23454,23455,23456,23457,23458,23459,23460,23461,
23462,23463,23464,23465,23466,23467,23468,23469,23470,23471,23472,23473,
23474,23475,23476,23477,23478,23479,23480,23481,23482,23483,23484,23485,
23486,23487,23488,23489,23490,23491,23492,23493,23494,23495,23496,23497,
23498,23499,23500,23501,23502,23503,23504,23505,23506,23507,23508,23509,
23510,23511,23512,23513,23514,23515,23516,23517,23518,23519,23520,23521,
23522,23523,23524,23525,23526,23527,23528,23529,23530,23531,23532,23533,
23534,23535,23536,23537,23538,23539,23540,23541,23542,23543,23544,23545,
23546,23547,23548,23549,23550,23551,23552,23553,23554,23555,23556,23557,
23558,23559,23560,23561,23562,23563,23564,23565,23566,23567,23568,23569,
23570,23571,23572,23573,23574,23575,23576,23577,23578,23579,23580,23581,
23582,23583,23584,23585,23586,23587,23588,23589,23590,23591,23592,23593,
23594,23595,23596,23597,23598,23599,23600,23601,23602,23603,23604,23605,
23606,23607,23608,23609,23610,23611,23612,23613,23614,23615,23616,23617,
23618,23619,23620,23621,23622,23623,23624,23625,23626,23627,23628,23629,
23630,23631,23632,23633,23634,23635,23636,23637,23638,23639,23640,23641,
23642,23643,23644,23645,23646,23647,23648,23649,23650,23651,23652,23653,
23654,23655,23656,23657,23658,23659,23660,23661,23662,23663,23664,23665,
23666,23667,23668,23669,23670,23671,23672,23673,23674,23675,23676,23677,
23678,23679,23680,23681,23682,23683,23684,23685,23686,23687,23688,23689,
23690,23691,23692,23693,23694,23695,23696,23697,23698,23699,23700,23701,
23702,23703,23704,23705,23706,23707,23708,23709,23710,23711,23712,23713,
23714,23715,23716,23717,23718,23719,23720,23721,23722,23723,23724,23725,
23726,23727,23728,23729,23730,23731,23732,23733,23734,23735,23736,23737,
23738,23739,23740,23741,23742,23743,23744,23745,23746,23747,23748,23749,
23750,23751,23752,23753,23754,23755,23756,23757,23758,23759,23760,23761,
23762,23763,23764,23765,23766,23767,23768,23769,23770,23771,23772,23773,
23774,23775,23776,23777,23778,23779,23780,23781,23782,23783,23784,23785,
23786,23787,23788,23789,23790,23791,23792,23793,23794,23795,23796,23797,
23798,23799,23800,23801,23802,23803,23804,23805,23806,23807,23808,23809,
23810,23811,23812,23813,23814,23815,23816,23817,23818,23819,23820,23821,
23822,23823,23824,23825,23826,23827,23828,23829,23830,23831,23832,23833,
23834,23835,23836,23837,23838,23839,23840,23841,23842,23843,23844,23845,
23846,23847,23848,23849,23850,23851,23852,23853,23854,23855,23856,23857,
23858,23859,23860,23861,23862,23863,23864,23865,23866,23867,23868,23869,
23870,23871,23872,23873,23874,23875,23876,23877,23878,23879,23880,23881,
23882,23883,23884,23885,23886,23887,23888,23889,23890,23891,23892,23893,
23894,23895,23896,23897,23898,23899,23900,23901,23902,23903,23904,23905,
23906,23907,23908,23909,23910,23911,23912,23913,23914,23915,23916,23917,
23918,23919,23920,23921,23922,23923,23924,23925,23926,23927,23928,23929,
23930,23931,23932,23933,23934,23935,23936,23937,23938,23939,23940,23941,
23942,23943,23944,23945,23946,23947,23948,23949,23950,23951,23952,23953,
23954,23955,23956,23957,23958,23959,23960,23961,23962,23963,23964,23965,
23966,23967,23968,23969,23970,23971,23972,23973,23974,23975,23976,23977,
23978,23979,23980,23981,23982,23983,23984,23985,23986,23987,23988,23989,
23990,23991,23992,23993,23994,23995,23996,23997,23998,23999,24000,24001,
24002,24003,24004,24005,24006,24007,24008,24009,24010,24011,24012,24013,
24014,24015,24016,24017,24018,24019,24020,24021,24022,24023,24024,24025,
24026,24027,24028,24029,24030,24031,24032,24033,24034,24035,24036,24037,
24038,24039,24040,24041,24042,24043,24044,24045,24046,24047,24048,24049,
24050,24051,24052,24053,24054,24055,24056,24057,24058,24059,24060,24061,
24062,24063,24064,24065,24066,24067,24068,24069,24070,24071,24072,24073,
24074,24075,24076,24077,24078,24079,24080,24081,24082,24083,24084,24085,
24086,24087,24088,24089,24090,24091,24092,24093,24094,24095,24096,24097,
24098,24099,24100,24101,24102,24103,24104,24105,24106,24107,24108,24109,
24110,24111,24112,24113,24114,24115,24116,24117,24118,24119,24120,24121,
24122,24123,24124,24125,24126,24127,24128,24129,24130,24131,24132,24133,
24134,24135,24136,24137,24138,24139,24140,24141,24142,24143,24144,24145,
24146,24147,24148,24149,24150,24151,24152,24153,24154,24155,24156,24157,
24158,24159,24160,24161,24162,24163,24164,24165,24166,24167,24168,24169,
24170,24171,24172,24173,24174,24175,24176,24177,24178,24179,24180,24181,
24182,24183,24184,24185,24186,24187,24188,24189,24190,24191,24192,24193,
24194,24195,24196,24197,24198,24199,24200,24201,24202,24203,24204,24205,
24206,24207,24208,24209,24210,24211,24212,24213,24214,24215,24216,24217,
24218,24219,24220,24221,24222,24223,24224,24225,24226,24227,24228,24229,
24230,24231,24232,24233,24234,24235,24236,24237,24238,24239,24240,24241,
24242,24243,24244,24245,24246,24247,24248,24249,24250,24251,24252,24253,
24254,24255,24256,24257,24258,24259,24260,24261,24262,24263,24264,24265,
24266,24267,24268,24269,24270,24271,24272,24273,24274,24275,24276,24277,
24278,24279,24280,24281,24282,24283,24284,24285,24286,24287,24288,24289,
24290,24291,24292,24293,24294,24295,24296,24297,24298,24299,24300,24301,
24302,24303,24304,24305,24306,24307,24308,24309,24310,24311,24312,24313,
24314,24315,24316,24317,24318,24319,24320,24321,24322,24323,24324,24325,
24326,24327,24328,24329,24330,24331,24332,24333,24334,24335,24336,24337,
24338,24339,24340,24341,24342,24343,24344,24345,24346,24347,24348,24349,
24350,24351,24352,24353,24354,24355,24356,24357,24358,24359,24360,24361,
24362,24363,24364,24365,24366,24367,24368,24369,24370,24371,24372,24373,
24374,24375,24376,24377,24378,24379,24380,24381,24382,24383,24384,24385,
24386,24387,24388,24389,24390,24391,24392,24393,24394,24395,24396,24397,
24398,24399,24400,24401,24402,24403,24404,24405,24406,24407,24408,24409,
24410,24411,24412,24413,24414,24415,24416,24417,24418,24419,24420,24421,
24422,24423,24424,24425,24426,24427,24428,24429,24430,24431,24432,24433,
24434,24435,24436,24437,24438,24439,24440,24441,24442,24443,24444,24445,
24446,24447,24448,24449,24450,24451,24452,24453,24454,24455,24456,24457,
24458,24459,24460,24461,24462,24463,24464,24465,24466,24467,24468,24469,
24470,24471,24472,24473,24474,24475,24476,24477,24478,24479,24480,24481,
24482,24483,24484,24485,24486,24487,24488,24489,24490,24491,24492,24493,
24494,24495,24496,24497,24498,24499,24500,24501,24502,24503,24504,24505,
24506,24507,24508,24509,24510,24511,24512,24513,24514,24515,24516,24517,
24518,24519,24520,24521,24522,24523,24524,24525,24526,24527,24528,24529,
24530,24531,24532,24533,24534,24535,24536,24537,24538,24539,24540,24541,
24542,24543,24544,24545,24546,24547,24548,24549,24550,24551,24552,24553,
24554,24555,24556,24557,24558,24559,24560,24561,24562,24563,24564,24565,
24566,24567,24568,24569,24570,24571,24572,24573,24574,24575,24576,24577,
24578,24579,24580,24581,24582,24583,24584,24585,24586,24587,24588,24589,
24590,24591,24592,24593,24594,24595,24596,24597,24598,24599,24600,24601,
24602,24603,24604,24605,24606,24607,24608,24609,24610,24611,24612,24613,
24614,24615,24616,24617,24618,24619,24620,24621,24622,24623,24624,24625,
24626,24627,24628,24629,24630,24631,24632,24633,24634,24635,24636,24637,
24638,24639,24640,24641,24642,24643,24644,24645,24646,24647,24648,24649,
24650,24651,24652,24653,24654,24655,24656,24657,24658,24659,24660,24661,
24662,24663,24664,24665,24666,24667,24668,24669,24670,24671,24672,24673,
24674,24675,24676,24677,24678,24679,24680,24681,24682,24683,24684,24685,
24686,24687,24688,24689,24690,24691,24692,24693,24694,24695,24696,24697,
24698,24699,24700,24701,24702,24703,24704,24705,24706,24707,24708,24709,
24710,24711,24712,24713,24714,24715,24716,24717,24718,24719,24720,24721,
24722,24723,24724,24725,24726,24727,24728,24729,24730,24731,24732,24733,
24734,24735,24736,24737,24738,24739,24740,24741,24742,24743,24744,24745,
24746,24747,24748,24749,24750,24751,24752,24753,24754,24755,24756,24757,
24758,24759,24760,24761,24762,24763,24764,24765,24766,24767,24768,24769,
24770,24771,24772,24773,24774,24775,24776,24777,24778,24779,24780,24781,
24782,24783,24784,24785,24786,24787,24788,24789,24790,24791,24792,24793,
24794,24795,24796,24797,24798,24799,24800,24801,24802,24803,24804,24805,
24806,24807,24808,24809,24810,24811,24812,24813,24814,24815,24816,24817,
24818,24819,24820,24821,24822,24823,24824,24825,24826,24827,24828,24829,
24830,24831,24832,24833,24834,24835,24836,24837,24838,24839,24840,24841,
24842,24843,24844,24845,24846,24847,24848,24849,24850,24851,24852,24853,
24854,24855,24856,24857,24858,24859,24860,24861,24862,24863,24864,24865,
24866,24867,24868,24869,24870,24871,24872,24873,24874,24875,24876,24877,
24878,24879,24880,24881,24882,24883,24884,24885,24886,24887,24888,24889,
24890,24891,24892,24893,24894,24895,24896,24897,24898,24899,24900,24901,
24902,24903,24904,24905,24906,24907,24908,24909,24910,24911,24912,24913,
24914,24915,24916,24917,24918,24919,24920,24921,24922,24923,24924,24925,
24926,24927,24928,24929,24930,24931,24932,24933,24934,24935,24936,24937,
24938,24939,24940,24941,24942,24943,24944,24945,24946,24947,24948,24949,
24950,24951,24952,24953,24954,24955,24956,24957,24958,24959,24960,24961,
24962,24963,24964,24965,24966,24967,24968,24969,24970,24971,24972,24973,
24974,24975,24976,24977,24978,24979,24980,24981,24982,24983,24984,24985,
24986,24987,24988,24989,24990,24991,24992,24993,24994,24995,24996,24997,
24998,24999,25000,25001,25002,25003,25004,25005,25006,25007,25008,25009,
25010,25011,25012,25013,25014,25015,25016,25017,25018,25019,25020,25021,
25022,25023,25024,25025,25026,25027,25028,25029,25030,25031,25032,25033,
25034,25035,25036,25037,25038,25039,25040,25041,25042,25043,25044,25045,
25046,25047,25048,25049,25050,25051,25052,25053,25054,25055,25056,25057,
25058,25059,25060,25061,25062,25063,25064,25065,25066,25067,25068,25069,
25070,25071,25072,25073,25074,25075,25076,25077,25078,25079,25080,25081,
25082,25083,25084,25085,25086,25087,25088,25089,25090,25091,25092,25093,
25094,25095,25096,25097,25098,25099,25100,25101,25102,25103,25104,25105,
25106,25107,25108,25109,25110,25111,25112,25113,25114,25115,25116,25117,
25118,25119,25120,25121,25122,25123,25124,25125,25126,25127,25128,25129,
25130,25131,25132,25133,25134,25135,25136,25137,25138,25139,25140,25141,
25142,25143,25144,25145,25146,25147,25148,25149,25150,25151,25152,25153,
25154,25155,25156,25157,25158,25159,25160,25161,25162,25163,25164,25165,
25166,25167,25168,25169,25170,25171,25172,25173,25174,25175,25176,25177,
25178,25179,25180,25181,25182,25183,25184,25185,25186,25187,25188,25189,
25190,25191,25192,25193,25194,25195,25196,25197,25198,25199,25200,25201,
25202,25203,25204,25205,25206,25207,25208,25209,25210,25211,25212,25213,
25214,25215,25216,25217,25218,25219,25220,25221,25222,25223,25224,25225,
25226,25227,25228,25229,25230,25231,25232,25233,25234,25235,25236,25237,
25238,25239,25240,25241,25242,25243,25244,25245,25246,25247,25248,25249,
25250,25251,25252,25253,25254,25255,25256,25257,25258,25259,25260,25261,
25262,25263,25264,25265,25266,25267,25268,25269,25270,25271,25272,25273,
25274,25275,25276,25277,25278,25279,25280,25281,25282,25283,25284,25285,
25286,25287,25288,25289,25290,25291,25292,25293,25294,25295,25296,25297,
25298,25299,25300,25301,25302,25303,25304,25305,25306,25307,25308,25309,
25310,25311,25312,25313,25314,25315,25316,25317,25318,25319,25320,25321,
25322,25323,25324,25325,25326,25327,25328,25329,25330,25331,25332,25333,
25334,25335,25336,25337,25338,25339,25340,25341,25342,25343,25344,25345,
25346,25347,25348,25349,25350,25351,25352,25353,25354,25355,25356,25357,
25358,25359,25360,25361,25362,25363,25364,25365,25366,25367,25368,25369,
25370,25371,25372,25373,25374,25375,25376,25377,25378,25379,25380,25381,
25382,25383,25384,25385,25386,25387,25388,25389,25390,25391,25392,25393,
25394,25395,25396,25397,25398,25399,25400,25401,25402,25403,25404,25405,
25406,25407,25408,25409,25410,25411,25412,25413,25414,25415,25416,25417,
25418,25419,25420,25421,25422,25423,25424,25425,25426,25427,25428,25429,
25430,25431,25432,25433,25434,25435,25436,25437,25438,25439,25440,25441,
25442,25443,25444,25445,25446,25447,25448,25449,25450,25451,25452,25453,
25454,25455,25456,25457,25458,25459,25460,25461,25462,25463,25464,25465,
25466,25467,25468,25469,25470,25471,25472,25473,25474,25475,25476,25477,
25478,25479,25480,25481,25482,25483,25484,25485,25486,25487,25488,25489,
25490,25491,25492,25493,25494,25495,25496,25497,25498,25499,25500,25501,
25502,25503,25504,25505,25506,25507,25508,25509,25510,25511,25512,25513,
25514,25515,25516,25517,25518,25519,25520,25521,25522,25523,25524,25525,
25526,25527,25528,25529,25530,25531,25532,25533,25534,25535,25536,25537,
25538,25539,25540,25541,25542,25543,25544,25545,25546,25547,25548,25549,
25550,25551,25552,25553,25554,25555,25556,25557,25558,25559,25560,25561,
25562,25563,25564,25565,25566,25567,25568,25569,25570,25571,25572,25573,
25574,25575,25576,25577,25578,25579,25580,25581,25582,25583,25584,25585,
25586,25587,25588,25589,25590,25591,25592,25593,25594,25595,25596,25597,
25598,25599,25600,25601,25602,25603,25604,25605,25606,25607,25608,25609,
25610,25611,25612,25613,25614,25615,25616,25617,25618,25619,25620,25621,
25622,25623,25624,25625,25626,25627,25628,25629,25630,25631,25632,25633,
25634,25635,25636,25637,25638,25639,25640,25641,25642,25643,25644,25645,
25646,25647,25648,25649,25650,25651,25652,25653,25654,25655,25656,25657,
25658,25659,25660,25661,25662,25663,25664,25665,25666,25667,25668,25669,
25670,25671,25672,25673,25674,25675,25676,25677,25678,25679,25680,25681,
25682,25683,25684,25685,25686,25687,25688,25689,25690,25691,25692,25693,
25694,25695,25696,25697,25698,25699,25700,25701,25702,25703,25704,25705,
25706,25707,25708,25709,25710,25711,25712,25713,25714,25715,25716,25717,
25718,25719,25720,25721,25722,25723,25724,25725,25726,25727,25728,25729,
25730,25731,25732,25733,25734,25735,25736,25737,25738,25739,25740,25741,
25742,25743,25744,25745,25746,25747,25748,25749,25750,25751,25752,25753,
25754,25755,25756,25757,25758,25759,25760,25761,25762,25763,25764,25765,
25766,25767,25768,25769,25770,25771,25772,25773,25774,25775,25776,25777,
25778,25779,25780,25781,25782,25783,25784,25785,25786,25787,25788,25789,
25790,25791,25792,25793,25794,25795,25796,25797,25798,25799,25800,25801,
25802,25803,25804,25805,25806,25807,25808,25809,25810,25811,25812,25813,
25814,25815,25816,25817,25818,25819,25820,25821,25822,25823,25824,25825,
25826,25827,25828,25829,25830,25831,25832,25833,25834,25835,25836,25837,
25838,25839,25840,25841,25842,25843,25844,25845,25846,25847,25848,25849,
25850,25851,25852,25853,25854,25855,25856,25857,25858,25859,25860,25861,
25862,25863,25864,25865,25866,25867,25868,25869,25870,25871,25872,25873,
25874,25875,25876,25877,25878,25879,25880,25881,25882,25883,25884,25885,
25886,25887,25888,25889,25890,25891,25892,25893,25894,25895,25896,25897,
25898,25899,25900,25901,25902,25903,25904,25905,25906,25907,25908,25909,
25910,25911,25912,25913,25914,25915,25916,25917,25918,25919,25920,25921,
25922,25923,25924,25925,25926,25927,25928,25929,25930,25931,25932,25933,
25934,25935,25936,25937,25938,25939,25940,25941,25942,25943,25944,25945,
25946,25947,25948,25949,25950,25951,25952,25953,25954,25955,25956,25957,
25958,25959,25960,25961,25962,25963,25964,25965,25966,25967,25968,25969,
25970,25971,25972,25973,25974,25975,25976,25977,25978,25979,25980,25981,
25982,25983,25984,25985,25986,25987,25988,25989,25990,25991,25992,25993,
25994,25995,25996,25997,25998,25999,26000,26001,26002,26003,26004,26005,
26006,26007,26008,26009,26010,26011,26012,26013,26014,26015,26016,26017,
26018,26019,26020,26021,26022,26023,26024,26025,26026,26027,26028,26029,
26030,26031,26032,26033,26034,26035,26036,26037,26038,26039,26040,26041,
26042,26043,26044,26045,26046,26047,26048,26049,26050,26051,26052,26053,
26054,26055,26056,26057,26058,26059,26060,26061,26062,26063,26064,26065,
26066,26067,26068,26069,26070,26071,26072,26073,26074,26075,26076,26077,
26078,26079,26080,26081,26082,26083,26084,26085,26086,26087,26088,26089,
26090,26091,26092,26093,26094,26095,26096,26097,26098,26099,26100,26101,
26102,26103,26104,26105,26106,26107,26108,26109,26110,26111,26112,26113,
26114,26115,26116,26117,26118,26119,26120,26121,26122,26123,26124,26125,
26126,26127,26128,26129,26130,26131,26132,26133,26134,26135,26136,26137,
26138,26139,26140,26141,26142,26143,26144,26145,26146,26147,26148,26149,
26150,26151,26152,26153,26154,26155,26156,26157,26158,26159,26160,26161,
26162,26163,26164,26165,26166,26167,26168,26169,26170,26171,26172,26173,
26174,26175,26176,26177,26178,26179,26180,26181,26182,26183,26184,26185,
26186,26187,26188,26189,26190,26191,26192,26193,26194,26195,26196,26197,
26198,26199,26200,26201,26202,26203,26204,26205,26206,26207,26208,26209,
26210,26211,26212,26213,26214,26215,26216,26217,26218,26219,26220,26221,
26222,26223,26224,26225,26226,26227,26228,26229,26230,26231,26232,26233,
26234,26235,26236,26237,26238,26239,26240,26241,26242,26243,26244,26245,
26246,26247,26248,26249,26250,26251,26252,26253,26254,26255,26256,26257,
26258,26259,26260,26261,26262,26263,26264,26265,26266,26267,26268,26269,
26270,26271,26272,26273,26274,26275,26276,26277,26278,26279,26280,26281,
26282,26283,26284,26285,26286,26287,26288,26289,26290,26291,26292,26293,
26294,26295,26296,26297,26298,26299,26300,26301,26302,26303,26304,26305,
26306,26307,26308,26309,26310,26311,26312,26313,26314,26315,26316,26317,
26318,26319,26320,26321,26322,26323,26324,26325,26326,26327,26328,26329,
26330,26331,26332,26333,26334,26335,26336,26337,26338,26339,26340,26341,
26342,26343,26344,26345,26346,26347,26348,26349,26350,26351,26352,26353,
26354,26355,26356,26357,26358,26359,26360,26361,26362,26363,26364,26365,
26366,26367,26368,26369,26370,26371,26372,26373,26374,26375,26376,26377,
26378,26379,26380,26381,26382,26383,26384,26385,26386,26387,26388,26389,
26390,26391,26392,26393,26394,26395,26396,26397,26398,26399,26400,26401,
26402,26403,26404,26405,26406,26407,26408,26409,26410,26411,26412,26413,
26414,26415,26416,26417,26418,26419,26420,26421,26422,26423,26424,26425,
26426,26427,26428,26429,26430,26431,26432,26433,26434,26435,26436,26437,
26438,26439,26440,26441,26442,26443,26444,26445,26446,26447,26448,26449,
26450,26451,26452,26453,26454,26455,26456,26457,26458,26459,26460,26461,
26462,26463,26464,26465,26466,26467,26468,26469,26470,26471,26472,26473,
26474,26475,26476,26477,26478,26479,26480,26481,26482,26483,26484,26485,
26486,26487,26488,26489,26490,26491,26492,26493,26494,26495,26496,26497,
26498,26499,26500,26501,26502,26503,26504,26505,26506,26507,26508,26509,
26510,26511,26512,26513,26514,26515,26516,26517,26518,26519,26520,26521,
26522,26523,26524,26525,26526,26527,26528,26529,26530,26531,26532,26533,
26534,26535,26536,26537,26538,26539,26540,26541,26542,26543,26544,26545,
26546,26547,26548,26549,26550,26551,26552,26553,26554,26555,26556,26557,
26558,26559,26560,26561,26562,26563,26564,26565,26566,26567,26568,26569,
26570,26571,26572,26573,26574,26575,26576,26577,26578,26579,26580,26581,
26582,26583,26584,26585,26586,26587,26588,26589,26590,26591,26592,26593,
26594,26595,26596,26597,26598,26599,26600,26601,26602,26603,26604,26605,
26606,26607,26608,26609,26610,26611,26612,26613,26614,26615,26616,26617,
26618,26619,26620,26621,26622,26623,26624,26625,26626,26627,26628,26629,
26630,26631,26632,26633,26634,26635,26636,26637,26638,26639,26640,26641,
26642,26643,26644,26645,26646,26647,26648,26649,26650,26651,26652,26653,
26654,26655,26656,26657,26658,26659,26660,26661,26662,26663,26664,26665,
26666,26667,26668,26669,26670,26671,26672,26673,26674,26675,26676,26677,
26678,26679,26680,26681,26682,26683,26684,26685,26686,26687,26688,26689,
26690,26691,26692,26693,26694,26695,26696,26697,26698,26699,26700,26701,
26702,26703,26704,26705,26706,26707,26708,26709,26710,26711,26712,26713,
26714,26715,26716,26717,26718,26719,26720,26721,26722,26723,26724,26725,
26726,26727,26728,26729,26730,26731,26732,26733,26734,26735,26736,26737,
26738,26739,26740,26741,26742,26743,26744,26745,26746,26747,26748,26749,
26750,26751,26752,26753,26754,26755,26756,26757,26758,26759,26760,26761,
26762,26763,26764,26765,26766,26767,26768,26769,26770,26771,26772,26773,
26774,26775,26776,26777,26778,26779,26780,26781,26782,26783,26784,26785,
26786,26787,26788,26789,26790,26791,26792,26793,26794,26795,26796,26797,
26798,26799,26800,26801,26802,26803,26804,26805,26806,26807,26808,26809,
26810,26811,26812,26813,26814,26815,26816,26817,26818,26819,26820,26821,
26822,26823,26824,26825,26826,26827,26828,26829,26830,26831,26832,26833,
26834,26835,26836,26837,26838,26839,26840,26841,26842,26843,26844,26845,
26846,26847,26848,26849,26850,26851,26852,26853,26854,26855,26856,26857,
26858,26859,26860,26861,26862,26863,26864,26865,26866,26867,26868,26869,
26870,26871,26872,26873,26874,26875,26876,26877,26878,26879,26880,26881,
26882,26883,26884,26885,26886,26887,26888,26889,26890,26891,26892,26893,
26894,26895,26896,26897,26898,26899,26900,26901,26902,26903,26904,26905,
26906,26907,26908,26909,26910,26911,26912,26913,26914,26915,26916,26917,
26918,26919,26920,26921,26922,26923,26924,26925,26926,26927,26928,26929,
26930,26931,26932,26933,26934,26935,26936,26937,26938,26939,26940,26941,
26942,26943,26944,26945,26946,26947,26948,26949,26950,26951,26952,26953,
26954,26955,26956,26957,26958,26959,26960,26961,26962,26963,26964,26965,
26966,26967,26968,26969,26970,26971,26972,26973,26974,26975,26976,26977,
26978,26979,26980,26981,26982,26983,26984,26985,26986,26987,26988,26989,
26990,26991,26992,26993,26994,26995,26996,26997,26998,26999,27000,27001,
27002,27003,27004,27005,27006,27007,27008,27009,27010,27011,27012,27013,
27014,27015,27016,27017,27018,27019,27020,27021,27022,27023,27024,27025,
27026,27027,27028,27029,27030,27031,27032,27033,27034,27035,27036,27037,
27038,27039,27040,27041,27042,27043,27044,27045,27046,27047,27048,27049,
27050,27051,27052,27053,27054,27055,27056,27057,27058,27059,27060,27061,
27062,27063,27064,27065,27066,27067,27068,27069,27070,27071,27072,27073,
27074,27075,27076,27077,27078,27079,27080,27081,27082,27083,27084,27085,
27086,27087,27088,27089,27090,27091,27092,27093,27094,27095,27096,27097,
27098,27099,27100,27101,27102,27103,27104,27105,27106,27107,27108,27109,
27110,27111,27112,27113,27114,27115,27116,27117,27118,27119,27120,27121,
27122,27123,27124,27125,27126,27127,27128,27129,27130,27131,27132,27133,
27134,27135,27136,27137,27138,27139,27140,27141,27142,27143,27144,27145,
27146,27147,27148,27149,27150,27151,27152,27153,27154,27155,27156,27157,
27158,27159,27160,27161,27162,27163,27164,27165,27166,27167,27168,27169,
27170,27171,27172,27173,27174,27175,27176,27177,27178,27179,27180,27181,
27182,27183,27184,27185,27186,27187,27188,27189,27190,27191,27192,27193,
27194,27195,27196,27197,27198,27199,27200,27201,27202,27203,27204,27205,
27206,27207,27208,27209,27210,27211,27212,27213,27214,27215,27216,27217,
27218,27219,27220,27221,27222,27223,27224,27225,27226,27227,27228,27229,
27230,27231,27232,27233,27234,27235,27236,27237,27238,27239,27240,27241,
27242,27243,27244,27245,27246,27247,27248,27249,27250,27251,27252,27253,
27254,27255,27256,27257,27258,27259,27260,27261,27262,27263,27264,27265,
27266,27267,27268,27269,27270,27271,27272,27273,27274,27275,27276,27277,
27278,27279,27280,27281,27282,27283,27284,27285,27286,27287,27288,27289,
27290,27291,27292,27293,27294,27295,27296,27297,27298,27299,27300,27301,
27302,27303,27304,27305,27306,27307,27308,27309,27310,27311,27312,27313,
27314,27315,27316,27317,27318,27319,27320,27321,27322,27323,27324,27325,
27326,27327,27328,27329,27330,27331,27332,27333,27334,27335,27336,27337,
27338,27339,27340,27341,27342,27343,27344,27345,27346,27347,27348,27349,
27350,27351,27352,27353,27354,27355,27356,27357,27358,27359,27360,27361,
27362,27363,27364,27365,27366,27367,27368,27369,27370,27371,27372,27373,
27374,27375,27376,27377,27378,27379,27380,27381,27382,27383,27384,27385,
27386,27387,27388,27389,27390,27391,27392,27393,27394,27395,27396,27397,
27398,27399,27400,27401,27402,27403,27404,27405,27406,27407,27408,27409,
27410,27411,27412,27413,27414,27415,27416,27417,27418,27419,27420,27421,
27422,27423,27424,27425,27426,27427,27428,27429,27430,27431,27432,27433,
27434,27435,27436,27437,27438,27439,27440,27441,27442,27443,27444,27445,
27446,27447,27448,27449,27450,27451,27452,27453,27454,27455,27456,27457,
27458,27459,27460,27461,27462,27463,27464,27465,27466,27467,27468,27469,
27470,27471,27472,27473,27474,27475,27476,27477,27478,27479,27480,27481,
27482,27483,27484,27485,27486,27487,27488,27489,27490,27491,27492,27493,
27494,27495,27496,27497,27498,27499,27500,27501,27502,27503,27504,27505,
27506,27507,27508,27509,27510,27511,27512,27513,27514,27515,27516,27517,
27518,27519,27520,27521,27522,27523,27524,27525,27526,27527,27528,27529,
27530,27531,27532,27533,27534,27535,27536,27537,27538,27539,27540,27541,
27542,27543,27544,27545,27546,27547,27548,27549,27550,27551,27552,27553,
27554,27555,27556,27557,27558,27559,27560,27561,27562,27563,27564,27565,
27566,27567,27568,27569,27570,27571,27572,27573,27574,27575,27576,27577,
27578,27579,27580,27581,27582,27583,27584,27585,27586,27587,27588,27589,
27590,27591,27592,27593,27594,27595,27596,27597,27598,27599,27600,27601,
27602,27603,27604,27605,27606,27607,27608,27609,27610,27611,27612,27613,
27614,27615,27616,27617,27618,27619,27620,27621,27622,27623,27624,27625,
27626,27627,27628,27629,27630,27631,27632,27633,27634,27635,27636,27637,
27638,27639,27640,27641,27642,27643,27644,27645,27646,27647,27648,27649,
27650,27651,27652,27653,27654,27655,27656,27657,27658,27659,27660,27661,
27662,27663,27664,27665,27666,27667,27668,27669,27670,27671,27672,27673,
27674,27675,27676,27677,27678,27679,27680,27681,27682,27683,27684,27685,
27686,27687,27688,27689,27690,27691,27692,27693,27694,27695,27696,27697,
27698,27699,27700,27701,27702,27703,27704,27705,27706,27707,27708,27709,
27710,27711,27712,27713,27714,27715,27716,27717,27718,27719,27720,27721,
27722,27723,27724,27725,27726,27727,27728,27729,27730,27731,27732,27733,
27734,27735,27736,27737,27738,27739,27740,27741,27742,27743,27744,27745,
27746,27747,27748,27749,27750,27751,27752,27753,27754,27755,27756,27757,
27758,27759,27760,27761,27762,27763,27764,27765,27766,27767,27768,27769,
27770,27771,27772,27773,27774,27775,27776,27777,27778,27779,27780,27781,
27782,27783,27784,27785,27786,27787,27788,27789,27790,27791,27792,27793,
27794,27795,27796,27797,27798,27799,27800,27801,27802,27803,27804,27805,
27806,27807,27808,27809,27810,27811,27812,27813,27814,27815,27816,27817,
27818,27819,27820,27821,27822,27823,27824,27825,27826,27827,27828,27829,
27830,27831,27832,27833,27834,27835,27836,27837,27838,27839,27840,27841,
27842,27843,27844,27845,27846,27847,27848,27849,27850,27851,27852,27853,
27854,27855,27856,27857,27858,27859,27860,27861,27862,27863,27864,27865,
27866,27867,27868,27869,27870,27871,27872,27873,27874,27875,27876,27877,
27878,27879,27880,27881,27882,27883,27884,27885,27886,27887,27888,27889,
27890,27891,27892,27893,27894,27895,27896,27897,27898,27899,27900,27901,
27902,27903,27904,27905,27906,27907,27908,27909,27910,27911,27912,27913,
27914,27915,27916,27917,27918,27919,27920,27921,27922,27923,27924,27925,
27926,27927,27928,27929,27930,27931,27932,27933,27934,27935,27936,27937,
27938,27939,27940,27941,27942,27943,27944,27945,27946,27947,27948,27949,
27950,27951,27952,27953,27954,27955,27956,27957,27958,27959,27960,27961,
27962,27963,27964,27965,27966,27967,27968,27969,27970,27971,27972,27973,
27974,27975,27976,27977,27978,27979,27980,27981,27982,27983,27984,27985,
27986,27987,27988,27989,27990,27991,27992,27993,27994,27995,27996,27997,
27998,27999,28000,28001,28002,28003,28004,28005,28006,28007,28008,28009,
28010,28011,28012,28013,28014,28015,28016,28017,28018,28019,28020,28021,
28022,28023,28024,28025,28026,28027,28028,28029,28030,28031,28032,28033,
28034,28035,28036,28037,28038,28039,28040,28041,28042,28043,28044,28045,
28046,28047,28048,28049,28050,28051,28052,28053,28054,28055,28056,28057,
28058,28059,28060,28061,28062,28063,28064,28065,28066,28067,28068,28069,
28070,28071,28072,28073,28074,28075,28076,28077,28078,28079,28080,28081,
28082,28083,28084,28085,28086,28087,28088,28089,28090,28091,28092,28093,
28094,28095,28096,28097,28098,28099,28100,28101,28102,28103,28104,28105,
28106,28107,28108,28109,28110,28111,28112,28113,28114,28115,28116,28117,
28118,28119,28120,28121,28122,28123,28124,28125,28126,28127,28128,28129,
28130,28131,28132,28133,28134,28135,28136,28137,28138,28139,28140,28141,
28142,28143,28144,28145,28146,28147,28148,28149,28150,28151,28152,28153,
28154,28155,28156,28157,28158,28159,28160,28161,28162,28163,28164,28165,
28166,28167,28168,28169,28170,28171,28172,28173,28174,28175,28176,28177,
28178,28179,28180,28181,28182,28183,28184,28185,28186,28187,28188,28189,
28190,28191,28192,28193,28194,28195,28196,28197,28198,28199,28200,28201,
28202,28203,28204,28205,28206,28207,28208,28209,28210,28211,28212,28213,
28214,28215,28216,28217,28218,28219,28220,28221,28222,28223,28224,28225,
28226,28227,28228,28229,28230,28231,28232,28233,28234,28235,28236,28237,
28238,28239,28240,28241,28242,28243,28244,28245,28246,28247,28248,28249,
28250,28251,28252,28253,28254,28255,28256,28257,28258,28259,28260,28261,
28262,28263,28264,28265,28266,28267,28268,28269,28270,28271,28272,28273,
28274,28275,28276,28277,28278,28279,28280,28281,28282,28283,28284,28285,
28286,28287,28288,28289,28290,28291,28292,28293,28294,28295,28296,28297,
28298,28299,28300,28301,28302,28303,28304,28305,28306,28307,28308,28309,
28310,28311,28312,28313,28314,28315,28316,28317,28318,28319,28320,28321,
28322,28323,28324,28325,28326,28327,28328,28329,28330,28331,28332,28333,
28334,28335,28336,28337,28338,28339,28340,28341,28342,28343,28344,28345,
28346,28347,28348,28349,28350,28351,28352,28353,28354,28355,28356,28357,
28358,28359,28360,28361,28362,28363,28364,28365,28366,28367,28368,28369,
28370,28371,28372,28373,28374,28375,28376,28377,28378,28379,28380,28381,
28382,28383,28384,28385,28386,28387,28388,28389,28390,28391,28392,28393,
28394,28395,28396,28397,28398,28399,28400,28401,28402,28403,28404,28405,
28406,28407,28408,28409,28410,28411,28412,28413,28414,28415,28416,28417,
28418,28419,28420,28421,28422,28423,28424,28425,28426,28427,28428,28429,
28430,28431,28432,28433,28434,28435,28436,28437,28438,28439,28440,28441,
28442,28443,28444,28445,28446,28447,28448,28449,28450,28451,28452,28453,
28454,28455,28456,28457,28458,28459,28460,28461,28462,28463,28464,28465,
28466,28467,28468,28469,28470,28471,28472,28473,28474,28475,28476,28477,
28478,28479,28480,28481,28482,28483,28484,28485,28486,28487,28488,28489,
28490,28491,28492,28493,28494,28495,28496,28497,28498,28499,28500,28501,
28502,28503,28504,28505,28506,28507,28508,28509,28510,28511,28512,28513,
28514,28515,28516,28517,28518,28519,28520,28521,28522,28523,28524,28525,
28526,28527,28528,28529,28530,28531,28532,28533,28534,28535,28536,28537,
28538,28539,28540,28541,28542,28543,28544,28545,28546,28547,28548,28549,
28550,28551,28552,28553,28554,28555,28556,28557,28558,28559,28560,28561,
28562,28563,28564,28565,28566,28567,28568,28569,28570,28571,28572,28573,
28574,28575,28576,28577,28578,28579,28580,28581,28582,28583,28584,28585,
28586,28587,28588,28589,28590,28591,28592,28593,28594,28595,28596,28597,
28598,28599,28600,28601,28602,28603,28604,28605,28606,28607,28608,28609,
28610,28611,28612,28613,28614,28615,28616,28617,28618,28619,28620,28621,
28622,28623,28624,28625,28626,28627,28628,28629,28630,28631,28632,28633,
28634,28635,28636,28637,28638,28639,28640,28641,28642,28643,28644,28645,
28646,28647,28648,28649,28650,28651,28652,28653,28654,28655,28656,28657,
28658,28659,28660,28661,28662,28663,28664,28665,28666,28667,28668,28669,
28670,28671,28672,28673,28674,28675,28676,28677,28678,28679,28680,28681,
28682,28683,28684,28685,28686,28687,28688,28689,28690,28691,28692,28693,
28694,28695,28696,28697,28698,28699,28700,28701,28702,28703,28704,28705,
28706,28707,28708,28709,28710,28711,28712,28713,28714,28715,28716,28717,
28718,28719,28720,28721,28722,28723,28724,28725,28726,28727,28728,28729,
28730,28731,28732,28733,28734,28735,28736,28737,28738,28739,28740,28741,
28742,28743,28744,28745,28746,28747,28748,28749,28750,28751,28752,28753,
28754,28755,28756,28757,28758,28759,28760,28761,28762,28763,28764,28765,
28766,28767,28768,28769,28770,28771,28772,28773,28774,28775,28776,28777,
28778,28779,28780,28781,28782,28783,28784,28785,28786,28787,28788,28789,
28790,28791,28792,28793,28794,28795,28796,28797,28798,28799,28800,28801,
28802,28803,28804,28805,28806,28807,28808,28809,28810,28811,28812,28813,
28814,28815,28816,28817,28818,28819,28820,28821,28822,28823,28824,28825,
28826,28827,28828,28829,28830,28831,28832,28833,28834,28835,28836,28837,
28838,28839,28840,28841,28842,28843,28844,28845,28846,28847,28848,28849,
28850,28851,28852,28853,28854,28855,28856,28857,28858,28859,28860,28861,
28862,28863,28864,28865,28866,28867,28868,28869,28870,28871,28872,28873,
28874,28875,28876,28877,28878,28879,28880,28881,28882,28883,28884,28885,
28886,28887,28888,28889,28890,28891,28892,28893,28894,28895,28896,28897,
28898,28899,28900,28901,28902,28903,28904,28905,28906,28907,28908,28909,
28910,28911,28912,28913,28914,28915,28916,28917,28918,28919,28920,28921,
28922,28923,28924,28925,28926,28927,28928,28929,28930,28931,28932,28933,
28934,28935,28936,28937,28938,28939,28940,28941,28942,28943,28944,28945,
28946,28947,28948,28949,28950,28951,28952,28953,28954,28955,28956,28957,
28958,28959,28960,28961,28962,28963,28964,28965,28966,28967,28968,28969,
28970,28971,28972,28973,28974,28975,28976,28977,28978,28979,28980,28981,
28982,28983,28984,28985,28986,28987,28988,28989,28990,28991,28992,28993,
28994,28995,28996,28997,28998,28999,29000,29001,29002,29003,29004,29005,
29006,29007,29008,29009,29010,29011,29012,29013,29014,29015,29016,29017,
29018,29019,29020,29021,29022,29023,29024,29025,29026,29027,29028,29029,
29030,29031,29032,29033,29034,29035,29036,29037,29038,29039,29040,29041,
29042,29043,29044,29045,29046,29047,29048,29049,29050,29051,29052,29053,
29054,29055,29056,29057,29058,29059,29060,29061,29062,29063,29064,29065,
29066,29067,29068,29069,29070,29071,29072,29073,29074,29075,29076,29077,
29078,29079,29080,29081,29082,29083,29084,29085,29086,29087,29088,29089,
29090,29091,29092,29093,29094,29095,29096,29097,29098,29099,29100,29101,
29102,29103,29104,29105,29106,29107,29108,29109,29110,29111,29112,29113,
29114,29115,29116,29117,29118,29119,29120,29121,29122,29123,29124,29125,
29126,29127,29128,29129,29130,29131,29132,29133,29134,29135,29136,29137,
29138,29139,29140,29141,29142,29143,29144,29145,29146,29147,29148,29149,
29150,29151,29152,29153,29154,29155,29156,29157,29158,29159,29160,29161,
29162,29163,29164,29165,29166,29167,29168,29169,29170,29171,29172,29173,
29174,29175,29176,29177,29178,29179,29180,29181,29182,29183,29184,29185,
29186,29187,29188,29189,29190,29191,29192,29193,29194,29195,29196,29197,
29198,29199,29200,29201,29202,29203,29204,29205,29206,29207,29208,29209,
29210,29211,29212,29213,29214,29215,29216,29217,29218,29219,29220,29221,
29222,29223,29224,29225,29226,29227,29228,29229,29230,29231,29232,29233,
29234,29235,29236,29237,29238,29239,29240,29241,29242,29243,29244,29245,
29246,29247,29248,29249,29250,29251,29252,29253,29254,29255,29256,29257,
29258,29259,29260,29261,29262,29263,29264,29265,29266,29267,29268,29269,
29270,29271,29272,29273,29274,29275,29276,29277,29278,29279,29280,29281,
29282,29283,29284,29285,29286,29287,29288,29289,29290,29291,29292,29293,
29294,29295,29296,29297,29298,29299,29300,29301,29302,29303,29304,29305,
29306,29307,29308,29309,29310,29311,29312,29313,29314,29315,29316,29317,
29318,29319,29320,29321,29322,29323,29324,29325,29326,29327,29328,29329,
29330,29331,29332,29333,29334,29335,29336,29337,29338,29339,29340,29341,
29342,29343,29344,29345,29346,29347,29348,29349,29350,29351,29352,29353,
29354,29355,29356,29357,29358,29359,29360,29361,29362,29363,29364,29365,
29366,29367,29368,29369,29370,29371,29372,29373,29374,29375,29376,29377,
29378,29379,29380,29381,29382,29383,29384,29385,29386,29387,29388,29389,
29390,29391,29392,29393,29394,29395,29396,29397,29398,29399,29400,29401,
29402,29403,29404,29405,29406,29407,29408,29409,29410,29411,29412,29413,
29414,29415,29416,29417,29418,29419,29420,29421,29422,29423,29424,29425,
29426,29427,29428,29429,29430,29431,29432,29433,29434,29435,29436,29437,
29438,29439,29440,29441,29442,29443,29444,29445,29446,29447,29448,29449,
29450,29451,29452,29453,29454,29455,29456,29457,29458,29459,29460,29461,
29462,29463,29464,29465,29466,29467,29468,29469,29470,29471,29472,29473,
29474,29475,29476,29477,29478,29479,29480,29481,29482,29483,29484,29485,
29486,29487,29488,29489,29490,29491,29492,29493,29494,29495,29496,29497,
29498,29499,29500,29501,29502,29503,29504,29505,29506,29507,29508,29509,
29510,29511,29512,29513,29514,29515,29516,29517,29518,29519,29520,29521,
29522,29523,29524,29525,29526,29527,29528,29529,29530,29531,29532,29533,
29534,29535,29536,29537,29538,29539,29540,29541,29542,29543,29544,29545,
29546,29547,29548,29549,29550,29551,29552,29553,29554,29555,29556,29557,
29558,29559,29560,29561,29562,29563,29564,29565,29566,29567,29568,29569,
29570,29571,29572,29573,29574,29575,29576,29577,29578,29579,29580,29581,
29582,29583,29584,29585,29586,29587,29588,29589,29590,29591,29592,29593,
29594,29595,29596,29597,29598,29599,29600,29601,29602,29603,29604,29605,
29606,29607,29608,29609,29610,29611,29612,29613,29614,29615,29616,29617,
29618,29619,29620,29621,29622,29623,29624,29625,29626,29627,29628,29629,
29630,29631,29632,29633,29634,29635,29636,29637,29638,29639,29640,29641,
29642,29643,29644,29645,29646,29647,29648,29649,29650,29651,29652,29653,
29654,29655,29656,29657,29658,29659,29660,29661,29662,29663,29664,29665,
29666,29667,29668,29669,29670,29671,29672,29673,29674,29675,29676,29677,
29678,29679,29680,29681,29682,29683,29684,29685,29686,29687,29688,29689,
29690,29691,29692,29693,29694,29695,29696,29697,29698,29699,29700,29701,
29702,29703,29704,29705,29706,29707,29708,29709,29710,29711,29712,29713,
29714,29715,29716,29717,29718,29719,29720,29721,29722,29723,29724,29725,
29726,29727,29728,29729,29730,29731,29732,29733,29734,29735,29736,29737,
29738,29739,29740,29741,29742,29743,29744,29745,29746,29747,29748,29749,
29750,29751,29752,29753,29754,29755,29756,29757,29758,29759,29760,29761,
29762,29763,29764,29765,29766,29767,29768,29769,29770,29771,29772,29773,
29774,29775,29776,29777,29778,29779,29780,29781,29782,29783,29784,29785,
29786,29787,29788,29789,29790,29791,29792,29793,29794,29795,29796,29797,
29798,29799,29800,29801,29802,29803,29804,29805,29806,29807,29808,29809,
29810,29811,29812,29813,29814,29815,29816,29817,29818,29819,29820,29821,
29822,29823,29824,29825,29826,29827,29828,29829,29830,29831,29832,29833,
29834,29835,29836,29837,29838,29839,29840,29841,29842,29843,29844,29845,
29846,29847,29848,29849,29850,29851,29852,29853,29854,29855,29856,29857,
29858,29859,29860,29861,29862,29863,29864,29865,29866,29867,29868,29869,
29870,29871,29872,29873,29874,29875,29876,29877,29878,29879,29880,29881,
29882,29883,29884,29885,29886,29887,29888,29889,29890,29891,29892,29893,
29894,29895,29896,29897,29898,29899,29900,29901,29902,29903,29904,29905,
29906,29907,29908,29909,29910,29911,29912,29913,29914,29915,29916,29917,
29918,29919,29920,29921,29922,29923,29924,29925,29926,29927,29928,29929,
29930,29931,29932,29933,29934,29935,29936,29937,29938,29939,29940,29941,
29942,29943,29944,29945,29946,29947,29948,29949,29950,29951,29952,29953,
29954,29955,29956,29957,29958,29959,29960,29961,29962,29963,29964,29965,
29966,29967,29968,29969,29970,29971,29972,29973,29974,29975,29976,29977,
29978,29979,29980,29981,29982,29983,29984,29985,29986,29987,29988,29989,
29990,29991,29992,29993,29994,29995,29996,29997,29998,29999,30000,30001,
30002,30003,30004,30005,30006,30007,30008,30009,30010,30011,30012,30013,
30014,30015,30016,30017,30018,30019,30020,30021,30022,30023,30024,30025,
30026,30027,30028,30029,30030,30031,30032,30033,30034,30035,30036,30037,
30038,30039,30040,30041,30042,30043,30044,30045,30046,30047,30048,30049,
30050,30051,30052,30053,30054,30055,30056,30057,30058,30059,30060,30061,
30062,30063,30064,30065,30066,30067,30068,30069,30070,30071,30072,30073,
30074,30075,30076,30077,30078,30079,30080,30081,30082,30083,30084,30085,
30086,30087,30088,30089,30090,30091,30092,30093,30094,30095,30096,30097,
30098,30099,30100,30101,30102,30103,30104,30105,30106,30107,30108,30109,
30110,30111,30112,30113,30114,30115,30116,30117,30118,30119,30120,30121,
30122,30123,30124,30125,30126,30127,30128,30129,30130,30131,30132,30133,
30134,30135,30136,30137,30138,30139,30140,30141,30142,30143,30144,30145,
30146,30147,30148,30149,30150,30151,30152,30153,30154,30155,30156,30157,
30158,30159,30160,30161,30162,30163,30164,30165,30166,30167,30168,30169,
30170,30171,30172,30173,30174,30175,30176,30177,30178,30179,30180,30181,
30182,30183,30184,30185,30186,30187,30188,30189,30190,30191,30192,30193,
30194,30195,30196,30197,30198,30199,30200,30201,30202,30203,30204,30205,
30206,30207,30208,30209,30210,30211,30212,30213,30214,30215,30216,30217,
30218,30219,30220,30221,30222,30223,30224,30225,30226,30227,30228,30229,
30230,30231,30232,30233,30234,30235,30236,30237,30238,30239,30240,30241,
30242,30243,30244,30245,30246,30247,30248,30249,30250,30251,30252,30253,
30254,30255,30256,30257,30258,30259,30260,30261,30262,30263,30264,30265,
30266,30267,30268,30269,30270,30271,30272,30273,30274,30275,30276,30277,
30278,30279,30280,30281,30282,30283,30284,30285,30286,30287,30288,30289,
30290,30291,30292,30293,30294,30295,30296,30297,30298,30299,30300,30301,
30302,30303,30304,30305,30306,30307,30308,30309,30310,30311,30312,30313,
30314,30315,30316,30317,30318,30319,30320,30321,30322,30323,30324,30325,
30326,30327,30328,30329,30330,30331,30332,30333,30334,30335,30336,30337,
30338,30339,30340,30341,30342,30343,30344,30345,30346,30347,30348,30349,
30350,30351,30352,30353,30354,30355,30356,30357,30358,30359,30360,30361,
30362,30363,30364,30365,30366,30367,30368,30369,30370,30371,30372,30373,
30374,30375,30376,30377,30378,30379,30380,30381,30382,30383,30384,30385,
30386,30387,30388,30389,30390,30391,30392,30393,30394,30395,30396,30397,
30398,30399,30400,30401,30402,30403,30404,30405,30406,30407,30408,30409,
30410,30411,30412,30413,30414,30415,30416,30417,30418,30419,30420,30421,
30422,30423,30424,30425,30426,30427,30428,30429,30430,30431,30432,30433,
30434,30435,30436,30437,30438,30439,30440,30441,30442,30443,30444,30445,
30446,30447,30448,30449,30450,30451,30452,30453,30454,30455,30456,30457,
30458,30459,30460,30461,30462,30463,30464,30465,30466,30467,30468,30469,
30470,30471,30472,30473,30474,30475,30476,30477,30478,30479,30480,30481,
30482,30483,30484,30485,30486,30487,30488,30489,30490,30491,30492,30493,
30494,30495,30496,30497,30498,30499,30500,30501,30502,30503,30504,30505,
30506,30507,30508,30509,30510,30511,30512,30513,30514,30515,30516,30517,
30518,30519,30520,30521,30522,30523,30524,30525,30526,30527,30528,30529,
30530,30531,30532,30533,30534,30535,30536,30537,30538,30539,30540,30541,
30542,30543,30544,30545,30546,30547,30548,30549,30550,30551,30552,30553,
30554,30555,30556,30557,30558,30559,30560,30561,30562,30563,30564,30565,
30566,30567,30568,30569,30570,30571,30572,30573,30574,30575,30576,30577,
30578,30579,30580,30581,30582,30583,30584,30585,30586,30587,30588,30589,
30590,30591,30592,30593,30594,30595,30596,30597,30598,30599,30600,30601,
30602,30603,30604,30605,30606,30607,30608,30609,30610,30611,30612,30613,
30614,30615,30616,30617,30618,30619,30620,30621,30622,30623,30624,30625,
30626,30627,30628,30629,30630,30631,30632,30633,30634,30635,30636,30637,
30638,30639,30640,30641,30642,30643,30644,30645,30646,30647,30648,30649,
30650,30651,30652,30653,30654,30655,30656,30657,30658,30659,30660,30661,
30662,30663,30664,30665,30666,30667,30668,30669,30670,30671,30672,30673,
30674,30675,30676,30677,30678,30679,30680,30681,30682,30683,30684,30685,
30686,30687,30688,30689,30690,30691,30692,30693,30694,30695,30696,30697,
30698,30699,30700,30701,30702,30703,30704,30705,30706,30707,30708,30709,
30710,30711,30712,30713,30714,30715,30716,30717,30718,30719,30720,30721,
30722,30723,30724,30725,30726,30727,30728,30729,30730,30731,30732,30733,
30734,30735,30736,30737,30738,30739,30740,30741,30742,30743,30744,30745,
30746,30747,30748,30749,30750,30751,30752,30753,30754,30755,30756,30757,
30758,30759,30760,30761,30762,30763,30764,30765,30766,30767,30768,30769,
30770,30771,30772,30773,30774,30775,30776,30777,30778,30779,30780,30781,
30782,30783,30784,30785,30786,30787,30788,30789,30790,30791,30792,30793,
30794,30795,30796,30797,30798,30799,30800,30801,30802,30803,30804,30805,
30806,30807,30808,30809,30810,30811,30812,30813,30814,30815,30816,30817,
30818,30819,30820,30821,30822,30823,30824,30825,30826,30827,30828,30829,
30830,30831,30832,30833,30834,30835,30836,30837,30838,30839,30840,30841,
30842,30843,30844,30845,30846,30847,30848,30849,30850,30851,30852,30853,
30854,30855,30856,30857,30858,30859,30860,30861,30862,30863,30864,30865,
30866,30867,30868,30869,30870,30871,30872,30873,30874,30875,30876,30877,
30878,30879,30880,30881,30882,30883,30884,30885,30886,30887,30888,30889,
30890,30891,30892,30893,30894,30895,30896,30897,30898,30899,30900,30901,
30902,30903,30904,30905,30906,30907,30908,30909,30910,30911,30912,30913,
30914,30915,30916,30917,30918,30919,30920,30921,30922,30923,30924,30925,
30926,30927,30928,30929,30930,30931,30932,30933,30934,30935,30936,30937,
30938,30939,30940,30941,30942,30943,30944,30945,30946,30947,30948,30949,
30950,30951,30952,30953,30954,30955,30956,30957,30958,30959,30960,30961,
30962,30963,30964,30965,30966,30967,30968,30969,30970,30971,30972,30973,
30974,30975,30976,30977,30978,30979,30980,30981,30982,30983,30984,30985,
30986,30987,30988,30989,30990,30991,30992,30993,30994,30995,30996,30997,
30998,30999,31000,31001,31002,31003,31004,31005,31006,31007,31008,31009,
31010,31011,31012,31013,31014,31015,31016,31017,31018,31019,31020,31021,
31022,31023,31024,31025,31026,31027,31028,31029,31030,31031,31032,31033,
31034,31035,31036,31037,31038,31039,31040,31041,31042,31043,31044,31045,
31046,31047,31048,31049,31050,31051,31052,31053,31054,31055,31056,31057,
31058,31059,31060,31061,31062,31063,31064,31065,31066,31067,31068,31069,
31070,31071,31072,31073,31074,31075,31076,31077,31078,31079,31080,31081,
31082,31083,31084,31085,31086,31087,31088,31089,31090,31091,31092,31093,
31094,31095,31096,31097,31098,31099,31100,31101,31102,31103,31104,31105,
31106,31107,31108,31109,31110,31111,31112,31113,31114,31115,31116,31117,
31118,31119,31120,31121,31122,31123,31124,31125,31126,31127,31128,31129,
31130,31131,31132,31133,31134,31135,31136,31137,31138,31139,31140,31141,
31142,31143,31144,31145,31146,31147,31148,31149,31150,31151,31152,31153,
31154,31155,31156,31157,31158,31159,31160,31161,31162,31163,31164,31165,
31166,31167,31168,31169,31170,31171,31172,31173,31174,31175,31176,31177,
31178,31179,31180,31181,31182,31183,31184,31185,31186,31187,31188,31189,
31190,31191,31192,31193,31194,31195,31196,31197,31198,31199,31200,31201,
31202,31203,31204,31205,31206,31207,31208,31209,31210,31211,31212,31213,
31214,31215,31216,31217,31218,31219,31220,31221,31222,31223,31224,31225,
31226,31227,31228,31229,31230,31231,31232,31233,31234,31235,31236,31237,
31238,31239,31240,31241,31242,31243,31244,31245,31246,31247,31248,31249,
31250,31251,31252,31253,31254,31255,31256,31257,31258,31259,31260,31261,
31262,31263,31264,31265,31266,31267,31268,31269,31270,31271,31272,31273,
31274,31275,31276,31277,31278,31279,31280,31281,31282,31283,31284,31285,
31286,31287,31288,31289,31290,31291,31292,31293,31294,31295,31296,31297,
31298,31299,31300,31301,31302,31303,31304,31305,31306,31307,31308,31309,
31310,31311,31312,31313,31314,31315,31316,31317,31318,31319,31320,31321,
31322,31323,31324,31325,31326,31327,31328,31329,31330,31331,31332,31333,
31334,31335,31336,31337,31338,31339,31340,31341,31342,31343,31344,31345,
31346,31347,31348,31349,31350,31351,31352,31353,31354,31355,31356,31357,
31358,31359,31360,31361,31362,31363,31364,31365,31366,31367,31368,31369,
31370,31371,31372,31373,31374,31375,31376,31377,31378,31379,31380,31381,
31382,31383,31384,31385,31386,31387,31388,31389,31390,31391,31392,31393,
31394,31395,31396,31397,31398,31399,31400,31401,31402,31403,31404,31405,
31406,31407,31408,31409,31410,31411,31412,31413,31414,31415,31416,31417,
31418,31419,31420,31421,31422,31423,31424,31425,31426,31427,31428,31429,
31430,31431,31432,31433,31434,31435,31436,31437,31438,31439,31440,31441,
31442,31443,31444,31445,31446,31447,31448,31449,31450,31451,31452,31453,
31454,31455,31456,31457,31458,31459,31460,31461,31462,31463,31464,31465,
31466,31467,31468,31469,31470,31471,31472,31473,31474,31475,31476,31477,
31478,31479,31480,31481,31482,31483,31484,31485,31486,31487,31488,31489,
31490,31491,31492,31493,31494,31495,31496,31497,31498,31499,31500,31501,
31502,31503,31504,31505,31506,31507,31508,31509,31510,31511,31512,31513,
31514,31515,31516,31517,31518,31519,31520,31521,31522,31523,31524,31525,
31526,31527,31528,31529,31530,31531,31532,31533,31534,31535,31536,31537,
31538,31539,31540,31541,31542,31543,31544,31545,31546,31547,31548,31549,
31550,31551,31552,31553,31554,31555,31556,31557,31558,31559,31560,31561,
31562,31563,31564,31565,31566,31567,31568,31569,31570,31571,31572,31573,
31574,31575,31576,31577,31578,31579,31580,31581,31582,31583,31584,31585,
31586,31587,31588,31589,31590,31591,31592,31593,31594,31595,31596,31597,
31598,31599,31600,31601,31602,31603,31604,31605,31606,31607,31608,31609,
31610,31611,31612,31613,31614,31615,31616,31617,31618,31619,31620,31621,
31622,31623,31624,31625,31626,31627,31628,31629,31630,31631,31632,31633,
31634,31635,31636,31637,31638,31639,31640,31641,31642,31643,31644,31645,
31646,31647,31648,31649,31650,31651,31652,31653,31654,31655,31656,31657,
31658,31659,31660,31661,31662,31663,31664,31665,31666,31667,31668,31669,
31670,31671,31672,31673,31674,31675,31676,31677,31678,31679,31680,31681,
31682,31683,31684,31685,31686,31687,31688,31689,31690,31691,31692,31693,
31694,31695,31696,31697,31698,31699,31700,31701,31702,31703,31704,31705,
31706,31707,31708,31709,31710,31711,31712,31713,31714,31715,31716,31717,
31718,31719,31720,31721,31722,31723,31724,31725,31726,31727,31728,31729,
31730,31731,31732,31733,31734,31735,31736,31737,31738,31739,31740,31741,
31742,31743,31744,31745,31746,31747,31748,31749,31750,31751,31752,31753,
31754,31755,31756,31757,31758,31759,31760,31761,31762,31763,31764,31765,
31766,31767,31768,31769,31770,31771,31772,31773,31774,31775,31776,31777,
31778,31779,31780,31781,31782,31783,31784,31785,31786,31787,31788,31789,
31790,31791,31792,31793,31794,31795,31796,31797,31798,31799,31800,31801,
31802,31803,31804,31805,31806,31807,31808,31809,31810,31811,31812,31813,
31814,31815,31816,31817,31818,31819,31820,31821,31822,31823,31824,31825,
31826,31827,31828,31829,31830,31831,31832,31833,31834,31835,31836,31837,
31838,31839,31840,31841,31842,31843,31844,31845,31846,31847,31848,31849,
31850,31851,31852,31853,31854,31855,31856,31857,31858,31859,31860,31861,
31862,31863,31864,31865,31866,31867,31868,31869,31870,31871,31872,31873,
31874,31875,31876,31877,31878,31879,31880,31881,31882,31883,31884,31885,
31886,31887,31888,31889,31890,31891,31892,31893,31894,31895,31896,31897,
31898,31899,31900,31901,31902,31903,31904,31905,31906,31907,31908,31909,
31910,31911,31912,31913,31914,31915,31916,31917,31918,31919,31920,31921,
31922,31923,31924,31925,31926,31927,31928,31929,31930,31931,31932,31933,
31934,31935,31936,31937,31938,31939,31940,31941,31942,31943,31944,31945,
31946,31947,31948,31949,31950,31951,31952,31953,31954,31955,31956,31957,
31958,31959,31960,31961,31962,31963,31964,31965,31966,31967,31968,31969,
31970,31971,31972,31973,31974,31975,31976,31977,31978,31979,31980,31981,
31982,31983,31984,31985,31986,31987,31988,31989,31990,31991,31992,31993,
31994,31995,31996,31997,31998,31999,32000,32001,32002,32003,32004,32005,
32006,32007,32008,32009,32010,32011,32012,32013,32014,32015,32016,32017,
32018,32019,32020,32021,32022,32023,32024,32025,32026,32027,32028,32029,
32030,32031,32032,32033,32034,32035,32036,32037,32038,32039,32040,32041,
32042,32043,32044,32045,32046,32047,32048,32049,32050,32051,32052,32053,
32054,32055,32056,32057,32058,32059,32060,32061,32062,32063,32064,32065,
32066,32067,32068,32069,32070,32071,32072,32073,32074,32075,32076,32077,
32078,32079,32080,32081,32082,32083,32084,32085,32086,32087,32088,32089,
32090,32091,32092,32093,32094,32095,32096,32097,32098,32099,32100,32101,
32102,32103,32104,32105,32106,32107,32108,32109,32110,32111,32112,32113,
32114,32115,32116,32117,32118,32119,32120,32121,32122,32123,32124,32125,
32126,32127,32128,32129,32130,32131,32132,32133,32134,32135,32136,32137,
32138,32139,32140,32141,32142,32143,32144,32145,32146,32147,32148,32149,
32150,32151,32152,32153,32154,32155,32156,32157,32158,32159,32160,32161,
32162,32163,32164,32165,32166,32167,32168,32169,32170,32171,32172,32173,
32174,32175,32176,32177,32178,32179,32180,32181,32182,32183,32184,32185,
32186,32187,32188,32189,32190,32191,32192,32193,32194,32195,32196,32197,
32198,32199,32200,32201,32202,32203,32204,32205,32206,32207,32208,32209,
32210,32211,32212,32213,32214,32215,32216,32217,32218,32219,32220,32221,
32222,32223,32224,32225,32226,32227,32228,32229,32230,32231,32232,32233,
32234,32235,32236,32237,32238,32239,32240,32241,32242,32243,32244,32245,
32246,32247,32248,32249,32250,32251,32252,32253,32254,32255,32256,32257,
32258,32259,32260,32261,32262,32263,32264,32265,32266,32267,32268,32269,
32270,32271,32272,32273,32274,32275,32276,32277,32278,32279,32280,32281,
32282,32283,32284,32285,32286,32287,32288,32289,32290,32291,32292,32293,
32294,32295,32296,32297,32298,32299,32300,32301,32302,32303,32304,32305,
32306,32307,32308,32309,32310,32311,32312,32313,32314,32315,32316,32317,
32318,32319,32320,32321,32322,32323,32324,32325,32326,32327,32328,32329,
32330,32331,32332,32333,32334,32335,32336,32337,32338,32339,32340,32341,
32342,32343,32344,32345,32346,32347,32348,32349,32350,32351,32352,32353,
32354,32355,32356,32357,32358,32359,32360,32361,32362,32363,32364,32365,
32366,32367,32368,32369,32370,32371,32372,32373,32374,32375,32376,32377,
32378,32379,32380,32381,32382,32383,32384,32385,32386,32387,32388,32389,
32390,32391,32392,32393,32394,32395,32396,32397,32398,32399,32400,32401,
32402,32403,32404,32405,32406,32407,32408,32409,32410,32411,32412,32413,
32414,32415,32416,32417,32418,32419,32420,32421,32422,32423,32424,32425,
32426,32427,32428,32429,32430,32431,32432,32433,32434,32435,32436,32437,
32438,32439,32440,32441,32442,32443,32444,32445,32446,32447,32448,32449,
32450,32451,32452,32453,32454,32455,32456,32457,32458,32459,32460,32461,
32462,32463,32464,32465,32466,32467,32468,32469,32470,32471,32472,32473,
32474,32475,32476,32477,32478,32479,32480,32481,32482,32483,32484,32485,
32486,32487,32488,32489,32490,32491,32492,32493,32494,32495,32496,32497,
32498,32499,32500,32501,32502,32503,32504,32505,32506,32507,32508,32509,
32510,32511,32512,32513,32514,32515,32516,32517,32518,32519,32520,32521,
32522,32523,32524,32525,32526,32527,32528,32529,32530,32531,32532,32533,
32534,32535,32536,32537,32538,32539,32540,32541,32542,32543,32544,32545,
32546,32547,32548,32549,32550,32551,32552,32553,32554,32555,32556,32557,
32558,32559,32560,32561,32562,32563,32564,32565,32566,32567,32568,32569,
32570,32571,32572,32573,32574,32575,32576,32577,32578,32579,32580,32581,
32582,32583,32584,32585,32586,32587,32588,32589,32590,32591,32592,32593,
32594,32595,32596,32597,32598,32599,32600,32601,32602,32603,32604,32605,
32606,32607,32608,32609,32610,32611,32612,32613,32614,32615,32616,32617,
32618,32619,32620,32621,32622,32623,32624,32625,32626,32627,32628,32629,
32630,32631,32632,32633,32634,32635,32636,32637,32638,32639,32640,32641,
32642,32643,32644,32645,32646,32647,32648,32649,32650,32651,32652,32653,
32654,32655,32656,32657,32658,32659,32660,32661,32662,32663,32664,32665,
32666,32667,32668,32669,32670,32671,32672,32673,32674,32675,32676,32677,
32678,32679,32680,32681,32682,32683,32684,32685,32686,32687,32688,32689,
32690,32691,32692,32693,32694,32695,32696,32697,32698,32699,32700,32701,
32702,32703,32704,32705,32706,32707,32708,32709,32710,32711,32712,32713,
32714,32715,32716,32717,32718,32719,32720,32721,32722,32723,32724,32725,
32726,32727,32728,32729,32730,32731,32732,32733,32734,32735,32736,32737,
32738,32739,32740,32741,32742,32743,32744,32745,32746,32747,32748,32749,
32750,32751,32752,32753,32754,32755,32756,32757,32758,32759,32760,32761,
32762,32763,32764,32765,32766,32767,32768L,32769L,32770L,32771L,32772L,
32773L,32774L,32775L,32776L,32777L,32778L,32779L,32780L,32781L,32782L,
32783L,32784L,32785L,32786L,32787L,32788L,32789L,32790L,32791L,32792L,
32793L,32794L,32795L,32796L,32797L,32798L,32799L,32800L,32801L,32802L,
32803L,32804L,32805L,32806L,32807L,32808L,32809L,32810L,32811L,32812L,
32813L,32814L,32815L,32816L,32817L,32818L,32819L,32820L,32821L,32822L,
32823L,32824L,32825L,32826L,32827L,32828L,32829L,32830L,32831L,32832L,
32833L,32834L,32835L,32836L,32837L,32838L,32839L,32840L,32841L,32842L,
32843L,32844L,32845L,32846L,32847L,32848L,32849L,32850L,32851L,32852L,
32853L,32854L,32855L,32856L,32857L,32858L,32859L,32860L,32861L,32862L,
32863L,32864L,32865L,32866L,32867L,32868L,32869L,32870L,32871L,32872L,
32873L,32874L,32875L,32876L,32877L,32878L,32879L,32880L,32881L,32882L,
32883L,32884L,32885L,32886L,32887L,32888L,32889L,32890L,32891L,32892L,
32893L,32894L,32895L,32896L,32897L,32898L,32899L,32900L,32901L,32902L,
32903L,32904L,32905L,32906L,32907L,32908L,32909L,32910L,32911L,32912L,
32913L,32914L,32915L,32916L,32917L,32918L,32919L,32920L,32921L,32922L,
32923L,32924L,32925L,32926L,32927L,32928L,32929L,32930L,32931L,32932L,
32933L,32934L,32935L,32936L,32937L,32938L,32939L,32940L,32941L,32942L,
32943L,32944L,32945L,32946L,32947L,32948L,32949L,32950L,32951L,32952L,
32953L,32954L,32955L,32956L,32957L,32958L,32959L,32960L,32961L,32962L,
32963L,32964L,32965L,32966L,32967L,32968L,32969L,32970L,32971L,32972L,
32973L,32974L,32975L,32976L,32977L,32978L,32979L,32980L,32981L,32982L,
32983L,32984L,32985L,32986L,32987L,32988L,32989L,32990L,32991L,32992L,
32993L,32994L,32995L,32996L,32997L,32998L,32999L,33000L,33001L,33002L,
33003L,33004L,33005L,33006L,33007L,33008L,33009L,33010L,33011L,33012L,
33013L,33014L,33015L,33016L,33017L,33018L,33019L,33020L,33021L,33022L,
33023L,33024L,33025L,33026L,33027L,33028L,33029L,33030L,33031L,33032L,
33033L,33034L,33035L,33036L,33037L,33038L,33039L,33040L,33041L,33042L,
33043L,33044L,33045L,33046L,33047L,33048L,33049L,33050L,33051L,33052L,
33053L,33054L,33055L,33056L,33057L,33058L,33059L,33060L,33061L,33062L,
33063L,33064L,33065L,33066L,33067L,33068L,33069L,33070L,33071L,33072L,
33073L,33074L,33075L,33076L,33077L,33078L,33079L,33080L,33081L,33082L,
33083L,33084L,33085L,33086L,33087L,33088L,33089L,33090L,33091L,33092L,
33093L,33094L,33095L,33096L,33097L,33098L,33099L,33100L,33101L,33102L,
33103L,33104L,33105L,33106L,33107L,33108L,33109L,33110L,33111L,33112L,
33113L,33114L,33115L,33116L,33117L,33118L,33119L,33120L,33121L,33122L,
33123L,33124L,33125L,33126L,33127L,33128L,33129L,33130L,33131L,33132L,
33133L,33134L,33135L,33136L,33137L,33138L,33139L,33140L,33141L,33142L,
33143L,33144L,33145L,33146L,33147L,33148L,33149L,33150L,33151L,33152L,
33153L,33154L,33155L,33156L,33157L,33158L,33159L,33160L,33161L,33162L,
33163L,33164L,33165L,33166L,33167L,33168L,33169L,33170L,33171L,33172L,
33173L,33174L,33175L,33176L,33177L,33178L,33179L,33180L,33181L,33182L,
33183L,33184L,33185L,33186L,33187L,33188L,33189L,33190L,33191L,33192L,
33193L,33194L,33195L,33196L,33197L,33198L,33199L,33200L,33201L,33202L,
33203L,33204L,33205L,33206L,33207L,33208L,33209L,33210L,33211L,33212L,
33213L,33214L,33215L,33216L,33217L,33218L,33219L,33220L,33221L,33222L,
33223L,33224L,33225L,33226L,33227L,33228L,33229L,33230L,33231L,33232L,
33233L,33234L,33235L,33236L,33237L,33238L,33239L,33240L,33241L,33242L,
33243L,33244L,33245L,33246L,33247L,33248L,33249L,33250L,33251L,33252L,
33253L,33254L,33255L,33256L,33257L,33258L,33259L,33260L,33261L,33262L,
33263L,33264L,33265L,33266L,33267L,33268L,33269L,33270L,33271L,33272L,
33273L,33274L,33275L,33276L,33277L,33278L,33279L,33280L,33281L,33282L,
33283L,33284L,33285L,33286L,33287L,33288L,33289L,33290L,33291L,33292L,
33293L,33294L,33295L,33296L,33297L,33298L,33299L,33300L,33301L,33302L,
33303L,33304L,33305L,33306L,33307L,33308L,33309L,33310L,33311L,33312L,
33313L,33314L,33315L,33316L,33317L,33318L,33319L,33320L,33321L,33322L,
33323L,33324L,33325L,33326L,33327L,33328L,33329L,33330L,33331L,33332L,
33333L,33334L,33335L,33336L,33337L,33338L,33339L,33340L,33341L,33342L,
33343L,33344L,33345L,33346L,33347L,33348L,33349L,33350L,33351L,33352L,
33353L,33354L,33355L,33356L,33357L,33358L,33359L,33360L,33361L,33362L,
33363L,33364L,33365L,33366L,33367L,33368L,33369L,33370L,33371L,33372L,
33373L,33374L,33375L,33376L,33377L,33378L,33379L,33380L,33381L,33382L,
33383L,33384L,33385L,33386L,33387L,33388L,33389L,33390L,33391L,33392L,
33393L,33394L,33395L,33396L,33397L,33398L,33399L,33400L,33401L,33402L,
33403L,33404L,33405L,33406L,33407L,33408L,33409L,33410L,33411L,33412L,
33413L,33414L,33415L,33416L,33417L,33418L,33419L,33420L,33421L,33422L,
33423L,33424L,33425L,33426L,33427L,33428L,33429L,33430L,33431L,33432L,
33433L,33434L,33435L,33436L,33437L,33438L,33439L,33440L,33441L,33442L,
33443L,33444L,33445L,33446L,33447L,33448L,33449L,33450L,33451L,33452L,
33453L,33454L,33455L,33456L,33457L,33458L,33459L,33460L,33461L,33462L,
33463L,33464L,33465L,33466L,33467L,33468L,33469L,33470L,33471L,33472L,
33473L,33474L,33475L,33476L,33477L,33478L,33479L,33480L,33481L,33482L,
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35203L,35204L,35205L,35206L,35207L,35208L,35209L,35210L,35211L,35212L,
35213L,35214L,35215L,35216L,35217L,35218L,35219L,35220L,35221L,35222L,
35223L,35224L,35225L,35226L,35227L,35228L,35229L,35230L,35231L,35232L,
35233L,35234L,35235L,35236L,35237L,35238L,35239L,35240L,35241L,35242L,
35243L,35244L,35245L,35246L,35247L,35248L,35249L,35250L,35251L,35252L,
35253L,35254L,35255L,35256L,35257L,35258L,35259L,35260L,35261L,35262L,
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35273L,35274L,35275L,35276L,35277L,35278L,35279L,35280L,35281L,35282L,
35283L,35284L,35285L,35286L,35287L,35288L,35289L,35290L,35291L,35292L,
35293L,35294L,35295L,35296L,35297L,35298L,35299L,35300L,35301L,35302L,
35303L,35304L,35305L,35306L,35307L,35308L,35309L,35310L,35311L,35312L,
35313L,35314L,35315L,35316L,35317L,35318L,35319L,35320L,35321L,35322L,
35323L,35324L,35325L,35326L,35327L,35328L,35329L,35330L,35331L,35332L,
35333L,35334L,35335L,35336L,35337L,35338L,35339L,35340L,35341L,35342L,
35343L,35344L,35345L,35346L,35347L,35348L,35349L,35350L,35351L,35352L,
35353L,35354L,35355L,35356L,35357L,35358L,35359L,35360L,35361L,35362L,
35363L,35364L,35365L,35366L,35367L,35368L,35369L,35370L,35371L,35372L,
35373L,35374L,35375L,35376L,35377L,35378L,35379L,35380L,35381L,35382L,
35383L,35384L,35385L,35386L,35387L,35388L,35389L,35390L,35391L,35392L,
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35403L,35404L,35405L,35406L,35407L,35408L,35409L,35410L,35411L,35412L,
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37093L,37094L,37095L,37096L,37097L,37098L,37099L,37100L,37101L,37102L,
37103L,37104L,37105L,37106L,37107L,37108L,37109L,37110L,37111L,37112L,
37113L,37114L,37115L,37116L,37117L,37118L,37119L,37120L,37121L,37122L,
37123L,37124L,37125L,37126L,37127L,37128L,37129L,37130L,37131L,37132L,
37133L,37134L,37135L,37136L,37137L,37138L,37139L,37140L,37141L,37142L,
37143L,37144L,37145L,37146L,37147L,37148L,37149L,37150L,37151L,37152L,
37153L,37154L,37155L,37156L,37157L,37158L,37159L,37160L,37161L,37162L,
37163L,37164L,37165L,37166L,37167L,37168L,37169L,37170L,37171L,37172L,
37173L,37174L,37175L,37176L,37177L,37178L,37179L,37180L,37181L,37182L,
37183L,37184L,37185L,37186L,37187L,37188L,37189L,37190L,37191L,37192L,
37193L,37194L,37195L,37196L,37197L,37198L,37199L,37200L,37201L,37202L,
37203L,37204L,37205L,37206L,37207L,37208L,37209L,37210L,37211L,37212L,
37213L,37214L,37215L,37216L,37217L,37218L,37219L,37220L,37221L,37222L,
37223L,37224L,37225L,37226L,37227L,37228L,37229L,37230L,37231L,37232L,
37233L,37234L,37235L,37236L,37237L,37238L,37239L,37240L,37241L,37242L,
37243L,37244L,37245L,37246L,37247L,37248L,37249L,37250L,37251L,37252L,
37253L,37254L,37255L,37256L,37257L,37258L,37259L,37260L,37261L,37262L,
37263L,37264L,37265L,37266L,37267L,37268L,37269L,37270L,37271L,37272L,
37273L,37274L,37275L,37276L,37277L,37278L,37279L,37280L,37281L,37282L,
37283L,37284L,37285L,37286L,37287L,37288L,37289L,37290L,37291L,37292L,
37293L,37294L,37295L,37296L,37297L,37298L,37299L,37300L,37301L,37302L,
37303L,37304L,37305L,37306L,37307L,37308L,37309L,37310L,37311L,37312L,
37313L,37314L,37315L,37316L,37317L,37318L,37319L,37320L,37321L,37322L,
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37333L,37334L,37335L,37336L,37337L,37338L,37339L,37340L,37341L,37342L,
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38203L,38204L,38205L,38206L,38207L,38208L,38209L,38210L,38211L,38212L,
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38243L,38244L,38245L,38246L,38247L,38248L,38249L,38250L,38251L,38252L,
38253L,38254L,38255L,38256L,38257L,38258L,38259L,38260L,38261L,38262L,
38263L,38264L,38265L,38266L,38267L,38268L,38269L,38270L,38271L,38272L,
38273L,38274L,38275L,38276L,38277L,38278L,38279L,38280L,38281L,38282L,
38283L,38284L,38285L,38286L,38287L,38288L,38289L,38290L,38291L,38292L,
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38303L,38304L,38305L,38306L,38307L,38308L,38309L,38310L,38311L,38312L,
38313L,38314L,38315L,38316L,38317L,38318L,38319L,38320L,38321L,38322L,
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38393L,38394L,38395L,38396L,38397L,38398L,38399L,38400L,38401L,38402L,
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38613L,38614L,38615L,38616L,38617L,38618L,38619L,38620L,38621L,38622L,
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38723L,38724L,38725L,38726L,38727L,38728L,38729L,38730L,38731L,38732L,
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38813L,38814L,38815L,38816L,38817L,38818L,38819L,38820L,38821L,38822L,
38823L,38824L,38825L,38826L,38827L,38828L,38829L,38830L,38831L,38832L,
38833L,38834L,38835L,38836L,38837L,38838L,38839L,38840L,38841L,38842L,
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38883L,38884L,38885L,38886L,38887L,38888L,38889L,38890L,38891L,38892L,
38893L,38894L,38895L,38896L,38897L,38898L,38899L,38900L,38901L,38902L,
38903L,38904L,38905L,38906L,38907L,38908L,38909L,38910L,38911L,38912L,
38913L,38914L,38915L,38916L,38917L,38918L,38919L,38920L,38921L,38922L,
38923L,38924L,38925L,38926L,38927L,38928L,38929L,38930L,38931L,38932L,
38933L,38934L,38935L,38936L,38937L,38938L,38939L,38940L,38941L,38942L,
38943L,38944L,38945L,38946L,38947L,38948L,38949L,38950L,38951L,38952L,
38953L,38954L,38955L,38956L,38957L,38958L,38959L,38960L,38961L,38962L,
38963L,38964L,38965L,38966L,38967L,38968L,38969L,38970L,38971L,38972L,
38973L,38974L,38975L,38976L,38977L,38978L,38979L,38980L,38981L,38982L,
38983L,38984L,38985L,38986L,38987L,38988L,38989L,38990L,38991L,38992L,
38993L,38994L,38995L,38996L,38997L,38998L,38999L,39000L,39001L,39002L,
39003L,39004L,39005L,39006L,39007L,39008L,39009L,39010L,39011L,39012L,
39013L,39014L,39015L,39016L,39017L,39018L,39019L,39020L,39021L,39022L,
39023L,39024L,39025L,39026L,39027L,39028L,39029L,39030L,39031L,39032L,
39033L,39034L,39035L,39036L,39037L,39038L,39039L,39040L,39041L,39042L,
39043L,39044L,39045L,39046L,39047L,39048L,39049L,39050L,39051L,39052L,
39053L,39054L,39055L,39056L,39057L,39058L,39059L,39060L,39061L,39062L,
39063L,39064L,39065L,39066L,39067L,39068L,39069L,39070L,39071L,39072L,
39073L,39074L,39075L,39076L,39077L,39078L,39079L,39080L,39081L,39082L,
39083L,39084L,39085L,39086L,39087L,39088L,39089L,39090L,39091L,39092L,
39093L,39094L,39095L,39096L,39097L,39098L,39099L,39100L,39101L,39102L,
39103L,39104L,39105L,39106L,39107L,39108L,39109L,39110L,39111L,39112L,
39113L,39114L,39115L,39116L,39117L,39118L,39119L,39120L,39121L,39122L,
39123L,39124L,39125L,39126L,39127L,39128L,39129L,39130L,39131L,39132L,
39133L,39134L,39135L,39136L,39137L,39138L,39139L,39140L,39141L,39142L,
39143L,39144L,39145L,39146L,39147L,39148L,39149L,39150L,39151L,39152L,
39153L,39154L,39155L,39156L,39157L,39158L,39159L,39160L,39161L,39162L,
39163L,39164L,39165L,39166L,39167L,39168L,39169L,39170L,39171L,39172L,
39173L,39174L,39175L,39176L,39177L,39178L,39179L,39180L,39181L,39182L,
39183L,39184L,39185L,39186L,39187L,39188L,39189L,39190L,39191L,39192L,
39193L,39194L,39195L,39196L,39197L,39198L,39199L,39200L,39201L,39202L,
39203L,39204L,39205L,39206L,39207L,39208L,39209L,39210L,39211L,39212L,
39213L,39214L,39215L,39216L,39217L,39218L,39219L,39220L,39221L,39222L,
39223L,39224L,39225L,39226L,39227L,39228L,39229L,39230L,39231L,39232L,
39233L,39234L,39235L,39236L,39237L,39238L,39239L,39240L,39241L,39242L,
39243L,39244L,39245L,39246L,39247L,39248L,39249L,39250L,39251L,39252L,
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39263L,39264L,39265L,39266L,39267L,39268L,39269L,39270L,39271L,39272L,
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41183L,41184L,41185L,41186L,41187L,41188L,41189L,41190L,41191L,41192L,
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41703L,41704L,41705L,41706L,41707L,41708L,41709L,41710L,41711L,41712L,
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41723L,41724L,41725L,41726L,41727L,41728L,41729L,41730L,41731L,41732L,
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41753L,41754L,41755L,41756L,41757L,41758L,41759L,41760L,41761L,41762L,
41763L,41764L,41765L,41766L,41767L,41768L,41769L,41770L,41771L,41772L,
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41783L,41784L,41785L,41786L,41787L,41788L,41789L,41790L,41791L,41792L,
41793L,41794L,41795L,41796L,41797L,41798L,41799L,41800L,41801L,41802L,
41803L,41804L,41805L,41806L,41807L,41808L,41809L,41810L,41811L,41812L,
41813L,41814L,41815L,41816L,41817L,41818L,41819L,41820L,41821L,41822L,
41823L,41824L,41825L,41826L,41827L,41828L,41829L,41830L,41831L,41832L,
41833L,41834L,41835L,41836L,41837L,41838L,41839L,41840L,41841L,41842L,
41843L,41844L,41845L,41846L,41847L,41848L,41849L,41850L,41851L,41852L,
41853L,41854L,41855L,41856L,41857L,41858L,41859L,41860L,41861L,41862L,
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41903L,41904L,41905L,41906L,41907L,41908L,41909L,41910L,41911L,41912L,
41913L,41914L,41915L,41916L,41917L,41918L,41919L,41920L,41921L,41922L,
41923L,41924L,41925L,41926L,41927L,41928L,41929L,41930L,41931L,41932L,
41933L,41934L,41935L,41936L,41937L,41938L,41939L,41940L,41941L,41942L,
41943L,41944L,41945L,41946L,41947L,41948L,41949L,41950L,41951L,41952L,
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41983L,41984L,41985L,41986L,41987L,41988L,41989L,41990L,41991L,41992L,
41993L,41994L,41995L,41996L,41997L,41998L,41999L,42000L,42001L,42002L,
42003L,42004L,42005L,42006L,42007L,42008L,42009L,42010L,42011L,42012L,
42013L,42014L,42015L,42016L,42017L,42018L,42019L,42020L,42021L,42022L,
42023L,42024L,42025L,42026L,42027L,42028L,42029L,42030L,42031L,42032L,
42033L,42034L,42035L,42036L,42037L,42038L,42039L,42040L,42041L,42042L,
42043L,42044L,42045L,42046L,42047L,42048L,42049L,42050L,42051L,42052L,
42053L,42054L,42055L,42056L,42057L,42058L,42059L,42060L,42061L,42062L,
42063L,42064L,42065L,42066L,42067L,42068L,42069L,42070L,42071L,42072L,
42073L,42074L,42075L,42076L,42077L,42078L,42079L,42080L,42081L,42082L,
42083L,42084L,42085L,42086L,42087L,42088L,42089L,42090L,42091L,42092L,
42093L,42094L,42095L,42096L,42097L,42098L,42099L,42100L,42101L,42102L,
42103L,42104L,42105L,42106L,42107L,42108L,42109L,42110L,42111L,42112L,
42113L,42114L,42115L,42116L,42117L,42118L,42119L,42120L,42121L,42122L,
42123L,42124L,42125L,42126L,42127L,42128L,42129L,42130L,42131L,42132L,
42133L,42134L,42135L,42136L,42137L,42138L,42139L,42140L,42141L,42142L,
42143L,42144L,42145L,42146L,42147L,42148L,42149L,42150L,42151L,42152L,
42153L,42154L,42155L,42156L,42157L,42158L,42159L,42160L,42161L,42162L,
42163L,42164L,42165L,42166L,42167L,42168L,42169L,42170L,42171L,42172L,
42173L,42174L,42175L,42176L,42177L,42178L,42179L,42180L,42181L,42182L,
42183L,42184L,42185L,42186L,42187L,42188L,42189L,42190L,42191L,42192L,
42193L,42194L,42195L,42196L,42197L,42198L,42199L,42200L,42201L,42202L,
42203L,42204L,42205L,42206L,42207L,42208L,42209L,42210L,42211L,42212L,
42213L,42214L,42215L,42216L,42217L,42218L,42219L,42220L,42221L,42222L,
42223L,42224L,42225L,42226L,42227L,42228L,42229L,42230L,42231L,42232L,
42233L,42234L,42235L,42236L,42237L,42238L,42239L,42240L,42241L,42242L,
42243L,42244L,42245L,42246L,42247L,42248L,42249L,42250L,42251L,42252L,
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42313L,42314L,42315L,42316L,42317L,42318L,42319L,42320L,42321L,42322L,
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42333L,42334L,42335L,42336L,42337L,42338L,42339L,42340L,42341L,42342L,
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42363L,42364L,42365L,42366L,42367L,42368L,42369L,42370L,42371L,42372L,
42373L,42374L,42375L,42376L,42377L,42378L,42379L,42380L,42381L,42382L,
42383L,42384L,42385L,42386L,42387L,42388L,42389L,42390L,42391L,42392L,
42393L,42394L,42395L,42396L,42397L,42398L,42399L,42400L,42401L,42402L,
42403L,42404L,42405L,42406L,42407L,42408L,42409L,42410L,42411L,42412L,
42413L,42414L,42415L,42416L,42417L,42418L,42419L,42420L,42421L,42422L,
42423L,42424L,42425L,42426L,42427L,42428L,42429L,42430L,42431L,42432L,
42433L,42434L,42435L,42436L,42437L,42438L,42439L,42440L,42441L,42442L,
42443L,42444L,42445L,42446L,42447L,42448L,42449L,42450L,42451L,42452L,
42453L,42454L,42455L,42456L,42457L,42458L,42459L,42460L,42461L,42462L,
42463L,42464L,42465L,42466L,42467L,42468L,42469L,42470L,42471L,42472L,
42473L,42474L,42475L,42476L,42477L,42478L,42479L,42480L,42481L,42482L,
42483L,42484L,42485L,42486L,42487L,42488L,42489L,42490L,42491L,42492L,
42493L,42494L,42495L,42496L,42497L,42498L,42499L,42500L,42501L,42502L,
42503L,42504L,42505L,42506L,42507L,42508L,42509L,42510L,42511L,42512L,
42513L,42514L,42515L,42516L,42517L,42518L,42519L,42520L,42521L,42522L,
42523L,42524L,42525L,42526L,42527L,42528L,42529L,42530L,42531L,42532L,
42533L,42534L,42535L,42536L,42537L,42538L,42539L,42540L,42541L,42542L,
42543L,42544L,42545L,42546L,42547L,42548L,42549L,42550L,42551L,42552L,
42553L,42554L,42555L,42556L,42557L,42558L,42559L,42560L,42560L,42562L,
42562L,42564L,42564L,42566L,42566L,42568L,42568L,42570L,42570L,42572L,
42572L,42574L,42574L,42576L,42576L,42578L,42578L,42580L,42580L,42582L,
42582L,42584L,42584L,42586L,42586L,42588L,42588L,42590L,42590L,42592L,
42592L,42594L,42594L,42596L,42596L,42598L,42598L,42600L,42600L,42602L,
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42613L,42614L,42615L,42616L,42617L,42618L,42619L,42620L,42621L,42622L,
42623L,42624L,42624L,42626L,42626L,42628L,42628L,42630L,42630L,42632L,
42632L,42634L,42634L,42636L,42636L,42638L,42638L,42640L,42640L,42642L,
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42653L,42654L,42655L,42656L,42657L,42658L,42659L,42660L,42661L,42662L,
42663L,42664L,42665L,42666L,42667L,42668L,42669L,42670L,42671L,42672L,
42673L,42674L,42675L,42676L,42677L,42678L,42679L,42680L,42681L,42682L,
42683L,42684L,42685L,42686L,42687L,42688L,42689L,42690L,42691L,42692L,
42693L,42694L,42695L,42696L,42697L,42698L,42699L,42700L,42701L,42702L,
42703L,42704L,42705L,42706L,42707L,42708L,42709L,42710L,42711L,42712L,
42713L,42714L,42715L,42716L,42717L,42718L,42719L,42720L,42721L,42722L,
42723L,42724L,42725L,42726L,42727L,42728L,42729L,42730L,42731L,42732L,
42733L,42734L,42735L,42736L,42737L,42738L,42739L,42740L,42741L,42742L,
42743L,42744L,42745L,42746L,42747L,42748L,42749L,42750L,42751L,42752L,
42753L,42754L,42755L,42756L,42757L,42758L,42759L,42760L,42761L,42762L,
42763L,42764L,42765L,42766L,42767L,42768L,42769L,42770L,42771L,42772L,
42773L,42774L,42775L,42776L,42777L,42778L,42779L,42780L,42781L,42782L,
42783L,42784L,42785L,42786L,42786L,42788L,42788L,42790L,42790L,42792L,
42792L,42794L,42794L,42796L,42796L,42798L,42798L,42800L,42801L,42802L,
42802L,42804L,42804L,42806L,42806L,42808L,42808L,42810L,42810L,42812L,
42812L,42814L,42814L,42816L,42816L,42818L,42818L,42820L,42820L,42822L,
42822L,42824L,42824L,42826L,42826L,42828L,42828L,42830L,42830L,42832L,
42832L,42834L,42834L,42836L,42836L,42838L,42838L,42840L,42840L,42842L,
42842L,42844L,42844L,42846L,42846L,42848L,42848L,42850L,42850L,42852L,
42852L,42854L,42854L,42856L,42856L,42858L,42858L,42860L,42860L,42862L,
42862L,42864L,42865L,42866L,42867L,42868L,42869L,42870L,42871L,42872L,
42873L,42873L,42875L,42875L,42877L,42878L,42878L,42880L,42880L,42882L,
42882L,42884L,42884L,42886L,42886L,42888L,42889L,42890L,42891L,42891L,
42893L,42894L,42895L,42896L,42896L,42898L,42899L,42900L,42901L,42902L,
42903L,42904L,42905L,42906L,42907L,42908L,42909L,42910L,42911L,42912L,
42912L,42914L,42914L,42916L,42916L,42918L,42918L,42920L,42920L,42922L,
42923L,42924L,42925L,42926L,42927L,42928L,42929L,42930L,42931L,42932L,
42933L,42934L,42935L,42936L,42937L,42938L,42939L,42940L,42941L,42942L,
42943L,42944L,42945L,42946L,42947L,42948L,42949L,42950L,42951L,42952L,
42953L,42954L,42955L,42956L,42957L,42958L,42959L,42960L,42961L,42962L,
42963L,42964L,42965L,42966L,42967L,42968L,42969L,42970L,42971L,42972L,
42973L,42974L,42975L,42976L,42977L,42978L,42979L,42980L,42981L,42982L,
42983L,42984L,42985L,42986L,42987L,42988L,42989L,42990L,42991L,42992L,
42993L,42994L,42995L,42996L,42997L,42998L,42999L,43000L,43001L,43002L,
43003L,43004L,43005L,43006L,43007L,43008L,43009L,43010L,43011L,43012L,
43013L,43014L,43015L,43016L,43017L,43018L,43019L,43020L,43021L,43022L,
43023L,43024L,43025L,43026L,43027L,43028L,43029L,43030L,43031L,43032L,
43033L,43034L,43035L,43036L,43037L,43038L,43039L,43040L,43041L,43042L,
43043L,43044L,43045L,43046L,43047L,43048L,43049L,43050L,43051L,43052L,
43053L,43054L,43055L,43056L,43057L,43058L,43059L,43060L,43061L,43062L,
43063L,43064L,43065L,43066L,43067L,43068L,43069L,43070L,43071L,43072L,
43073L,43074L,43075L,43076L,43077L,43078L,43079L,43080L,43081L,43082L,
43083L,43084L,43085L,43086L,43087L,43088L,43089L,43090L,43091L,43092L,
43093L,43094L,43095L,43096L,43097L,43098L,43099L,43100L,43101L,43102L,
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43113L,43114L,43115L,43116L,43117L,43118L,43119L,43120L,43121L,43122L,
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45053L,45054L,45055L,45056L,45057L,45058L,45059L,45060L,45061L,45062L,
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45623L,45624L,45625L,45626L,45627L,45628L,45629L,45630L,45631L,45632L,
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45813L,45814L,45815L,45816L,45817L,45818L,45819L,45820L,45821L,45822L,
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46023L,46024L,46025L,46026L,46027L,46028L,46029L,46030L,46031L,46032L,
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46043L,46044L,46045L,46046L,46047L,46048L,46049L,46050L,46051L,46052L,
46053L,46054L,46055L,46056L,46057L,46058L,46059L,46060L,46061L,46062L,
46063L,46064L,46065L,46066L,46067L,46068L,46069L,46070L,46071L,46072L,
46073L,46074L,46075L,46076L,46077L,46078L,46079L,46080L,46081L,46082L,
46083L,46084L,46085L,46086L,46087L,46088L,46089L,46090L,46091L,46092L,
46093L,46094L,46095L,46096L,46097L,46098L,46099L,46100L,46101L,46102L,
46103L,46104L,46105L,46106L,46107L,46108L,46109L,46110L,46111L,46112L,
46113L,46114L,46115L,46116L,46117L,46118L,46119L,46120L,46121L,46122L,
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46203L,46204L,46205L,46206L,46207L,46208L,46209L,46210L,46211L,46212L,
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46243L,46244L,46245L,46246L,46247L,46248L,46249L,46250L,46251L,46252L,
46253L,46254L,46255L,46256L,46257L,46258L,46259L,46260L,46261L,46262L,
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46303L,46304L,46305L,46306L,46307L,46308L,46309L,46310L,46311L,46312L,
46313L,46314L,46315L,46316L,46317L,46318L,46319L,46320L,46321L,46322L,
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46393L,46394L,46395L,46396L,46397L,46398L,46399L,46400L,46401L,46402L,
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46413L,46414L,46415L,46416L,46417L,46418L,46419L,46420L,46421L,46422L,
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46493L,46494L,46495L,46496L,46497L,46498L,46499L,46500L,46501L,46502L,
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46513L,46514L,46515L,46516L,46517L,46518L,46519L,46520L,46521L,46522L,
46523L,46524L,46525L,46526L,46527L,46528L,46529L,46530L,46531L,46532L,
46533L,46534L,46535L,46536L,46537L,46538L,46539L,46540L,46541L,46542L,
46543L,46544L,46545L,46546L,46547L,46548L,46549L,46550L,46551L,46552L,
46553L,46554L,46555L,46556L,46557L,46558L,46559L,46560L,46561L,46562L,
46563L,46564L,46565L,46566L,46567L,46568L,46569L,46570L,46571L,46572L,
46573L,46574L,46575L,46576L,46577L,46578L,46579L,46580L,46581L,46582L,
46583L,46584L,46585L,46586L,46587L,46588L,46589L,46590L,46591L,46592L,
46593L,46594L,46595L,46596L,46597L,46598L,46599L,46600L,46601L,46602L,
46603L,46604L,46605L,46606L,46607L,46608L,46609L,46610L,46611L,46612L,
46613L,46614L,46615L,46616L,46617L,46618L,46619L,46620L,46621L,46622L,
46623L,46624L,46625L,46626L,46627L,46628L,46629L,46630L,46631L,46632L,
46633L,46634L,46635L,46636L,46637L,46638L,46639L,46640L,46641L,46642L,
46643L,46644L,46645L,46646L,46647L,46648L,46649L,46650L,46651L,46652L,
46653L,46654L,46655L,46656L,46657L,46658L,46659L,46660L,46661L,46662L,
46663L,46664L,46665L,46666L,46667L,46668L,46669L,46670L,46671L,46672L,
46673L,46674L,46675L,46676L,46677L,46678L,46679L,46680L,46681L,46682L,
46683L,46684L,46685L,46686L,46687L,46688L,46689L,46690L,46691L,46692L,
46693L,46694L,46695L,46696L,46697L,46698L,46699L,46700L,46701L,46702L,
46703L,46704L,46705L,46706L,46707L,46708L,46709L,46710L,46711L,46712L,
46713L,46714L,46715L,46716L,46717L,46718L,46719L,46720L,46721L,46722L,
46723L,46724L,46725L,46726L,46727L,46728L,46729L,46730L,46731L,46732L,
46733L,46734L,46735L,46736L,46737L,46738L,46739L,46740L,46741L,46742L,
46743L,46744L,46745L,46746L,46747L,46748L,46749L,46750L,46751L,46752L,
46753L,46754L,46755L,46756L,46757L,46758L,46759L,46760L,46761L,46762L,
46763L,46764L,46765L,46766L,46767L,46768L,46769L,46770L,46771L,46772L,
46773L,46774L,46775L,46776L,46777L,46778L,46779L,46780L,46781L,46782L,
46783L,46784L,46785L,46786L,46787L,46788L,46789L,46790L,46791L,46792L,
46793L,46794L,46795L,46796L,46797L,46798L,46799L,46800L,46801L,46802L,
46803L,46804L,46805L,46806L,46807L,46808L,46809L,46810L,46811L,46812L,
46813L,46814L,46815L,46816L,46817L,46818L,46819L,46820L,46821L,46822L,
46823L,46824L,46825L,46826L,46827L,46828L,46829L,46830L,46831L,46832L,
46833L,46834L,46835L,46836L,46837L,46838L,46839L,46840L,46841L,46842L,
46843L,46844L,46845L,46846L,46847L,46848L,46849L,46850L,46851L,46852L,
46853L,46854L,46855L,46856L,46857L,46858L,46859L,46860L,46861L,46862L,
46863L,46864L,46865L,46866L,46867L,46868L,46869L,46870L,46871L,46872L,
46873L,46874L,46875L,46876L,46877L,46878L,46879L,46880L,46881L,46882L,
46883L,46884L,46885L,46886L,46887L,46888L,46889L,46890L,46891L,46892L,
46893L,46894L,46895L,46896L,46897L,46898L,46899L,46900L,46901L,46902L,
46903L,46904L,46905L,46906L,46907L,46908L,46909L,46910L,46911L,46912L,
46913L,46914L,46915L,46916L,46917L,46918L,46919L,46920L,46921L,46922L,
46923L,46924L,46925L,46926L,46927L,46928L,46929L,46930L,46931L,46932L,
46933L,46934L,46935L,46936L,46937L,46938L,46939L,46940L,46941L,46942L,
46943L,46944L,46945L,46946L,46947L,46948L,46949L,46950L,46951L,46952L,
46953L,46954L,46955L,46956L,46957L,46958L,46959L,46960L,46961L,46962L,
46963L,46964L,46965L,46966L,46967L,46968L,46969L,46970L,46971L,46972L,
46973L,46974L,46975L,46976L,46977L,46978L,46979L,46980L,46981L,46982L,
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52503L,52504L,52505L,52506L,52507L,52508L,52509L,52510L,52511L,52512L,
52513L,52514L,52515L,52516L,52517L,52518L,52519L,52520L,52521L,52522L,
52523L,52524L,52525L,52526L,52527L,52528L,52529L,52530L,52531L,52532L,
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52543L,52544L,52545L,52546L,52547L,52548L,52549L,52550L,52551L,52552L,
52553L,52554L,52555L,52556L,52557L,52558L,52559L,52560L,52561L,52562L,
52563L,52564L,52565L,52566L,52567L,52568L,52569L,52570L,52571L,52572L,
52573L,52574L,52575L,52576L,52577L,52578L,52579L,52580L,52581L,52582L,
52583L,52584L,52585L,52586L,52587L,52588L,52589L,52590L,52591L,52592L,
52593L,52594L,52595L,52596L,52597L,52598L,52599L,52600L,52601L,52602L,
52603L,52604L,52605L,52606L,52607L,52608L,52609L,52610L,52611L,52612L,
52613L,52614L,52615L,52616L,52617L,52618L,52619L,52620L,52621L,52622L,
52623L,52624L,52625L,52626L,52627L,52628L,52629L,52630L,52631L,52632L,
52633L,52634L,52635L,52636L,52637L,52638L,52639L,52640L,52641L,52642L,
52643L,52644L,52645L,52646L,52647L,52648L,52649L,52650L,52651L,52652L,
52653L,52654L,52655L,52656L,52657L,52658L,52659L,52660L,52661L,52662L,
52663L,52664L,52665L,52666L,52667L,52668L,52669L,52670L,52671L,52672L,
52673L,52674L,52675L,52676L,52677L,52678L,52679L,52680L,52681L,52682L,
52683L,52684L,52685L,52686L,52687L,52688L,52689L,52690L,52691L,52692L,
52693L,52694L,52695L,52696L,52697L,52698L,52699L,52700L,52701L,52702L,
52703L,52704L,52705L,52706L,52707L,52708L,52709L,52710L,52711L,52712L,
52713L,52714L,52715L,52716L,52717L,52718L,52719L,52720L,52721L,52722L,
52723L,52724L,52725L,52726L,52727L,52728L,52729L,52730L,52731L,52732L,
52733L,52734L,52735L,52736L,52737L,52738L,52739L,52740L,52741L,52742L,
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52753L,52754L,52755L,52756L,52757L,52758L,52759L,52760L,52761L,52762L,
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54483L,54484L,54485L,54486L,54487L,54488L,54489L,54490L,54491L,54492L,
54493L,54494L,54495L,54496L,54497L,54498L,54499L,54500L,54501L,54502L,
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54513L,54514L,54515L,54516L,54517L,54518L,54519L,54520L,54521L,54522L,
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54553L,54554L,54555L,54556L,54557L,54558L,54559L,54560L,54561L,54562L,
54563L,54564L,54565L,54566L,54567L,54568L,54569L,54570L,54571L,54572L,
54573L,54574L,54575L,54576L,54577L,54578L,54579L,54580L,54581L,54582L,
54583L,54584L,54585L,54586L,54587L,54588L,54589L,54590L,54591L,54592L,
54593L,54594L,54595L,54596L,54597L,54598L,54599L,54600L,54601L,54602L,
54603L,54604L,54605L,54606L,54607L,54608L,54609L,54610L,54611L,54612L,
54613L,54614L,54615L,54616L,54617L,54618L,54619L,54620L,54621L,54622L,
54623L,54624L,54625L,54626L,54627L,54628L,54629L,54630L,54631L,54632L,
54633L,54634L,54635L,54636L,54637L,54638L,54639L,54640L,54641L,54642L,
54643L,54644L,54645L,54646L,54647L,54648L,54649L,54650L,54651L,54652L,
54653L,54654L,54655L,54656L,54657L,54658L,54659L,54660L,54661L,54662L,
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64153L,64154L,64155L,64156L,64157L,64158L,64159L,64160L,64161L,64162L,
64163L,64164L,64165L,64166L,64167L,64168L,64169L,64170L,64171L,64172L,
64173L,64174L,64175L,64176L,64177L,64178L,64179L,64180L,64181L,64182L,
64183L,64184L,64185L,64186L,64187L,64188L,64189L,64190L,64191L,64192L,
64193L,64194L,64195L,64196L,64197L,64198L,64199L,64200L,64201L,64202L,
64203L,64204L,64205L,64206L,64207L,64208L,64209L,64210L,64211L,64212L,
64213L,64214L,64215L,64216L,64217L,64218L,64219L,64220L,64221L,64222L,
64223L,64224L,64225L,64226L,64227L,64228L,64229L,64230L,64231L,64232L,
64233L,64234L,64235L,64236L,64237L,64238L,64239L,64240L,64241L,64242L,
64243L,64244L,64245L,64246L,64247L,64248L,64249L,64250L,64251L,64252L,
64253L,64254L,64255L,64256L,64257L,64258L,64259L,64260L,64261L,64262L,
64263L,64264L,64265L,64266L,64267L,64268L,64269L,64270L,64271L,64272L,
64273L,64274L,64275L,64276L,64277L,64278L,64279L,64280L,64281L,64282L,
64283L,64284L,64285L,64286L,64287L,64288L,64289L,64290L,64291L,64292L,
64293L,64294L,64295L,64296L,64297L,64298L,64299L,64300L,64301L,64302L,
64303L,64304L,64305L,64306L,64307L,64308L,64309L,64310L,64311L,64312L,
64313L,64314L,64315L,64316L,64317L,64318L,64319L,64320L,64321L,64322L,
64323L,64324L,64325L,64326L,64327L,64328L,64329L,64330L,64331L,64332L,
64333L,64334L,64335L,64336L,64337L,64338L,64339L,64340L,64341L,64342L,
64343L,64344L,64345L,64346L,64347L,64348L,64349L,64350L,64351L,64352L,
64353L,64354L,64355L,64356L,64357L,64358L,64359L,64360L,64361L,64362L,
64363L,64364L,64365L,64366L,64367L,64368L,64369L,64370L,64371L,64372L,
64373L,64374L,64375L,64376L,64377L,64378L,64379L,64380L,64381L,64382L,
64383L,64384L,64385L,64386L,64387L,64388L,64389L,64390L,64391L,64392L,
64393L,64394L,64395L,64396L,64397L,64398L,64399L,64400L,64401L,64402L,
64403L,64404L,64405L,64406L,64407L,64408L,64409L,64410L,64411L,64412L,
64413L,64414L,64415L,64416L,64417L,64418L,64419L,64420L,64421L,64422L,
64423L,64424L,64425L,64426L,64427L,64428L,64429L,64430L,64431L,64432L,
64433L,64434L,64435L,64436L,64437L,64438L,64439L,64440L,64441L,64442L,
64443L,64444L,64445L,64446L,64447L,64448L,64449L,64450L,64451L,64452L,
64453L,64454L,64455L,64456L,64457L,64458L,64459L,64460L,64461L,64462L,
64463L,64464L,64465L,64466L,64467L,64468L,64469L,64470L,64471L,64472L,
64473L,64474L,64475L,64476L,64477L,64478L,64479L,64480L,64481L,64482L,
64483L,64484L,64485L,64486L,64487L,64488L,64489L,64490L,64491L,64492L,
64493L,64494L,64495L,64496L,64497L,64498L,64499L,64500L,64501L,64502L,
64503L,64504L,64505L,64506L,64507L,64508L,64509L,64510L,64511L,64512L,
64513L,64514L,64515L,64516L,64517L,64518L,64519L,64520L,64521L,64522L,
64523L,64524L,64525L,64526L,64527L,64528L,64529L,64530L,64531L,64532L,
64533L,64534L,64535L,64536L,64537L,64538L,64539L,64540L,64541L,64542L,
64543L,64544L,64545L,64546L,64547L,64548L,64549L,64550L,64551L,64552L,
64553L,64554L,64555L,64556L,64557L,64558L,64559L,64560L,64561L,64562L,
64563L,64564L,64565L,64566L,64567L,64568L,64569L,64570L,64571L,64572L,
64573L,64574L,64575L,64576L,64577L,64578L,64579L,64580L,64581L,64582L,
64583L,64584L,64585L,64586L,64587L,64588L,64589L,64590L,64591L,64592L,
64593L,64594L,64595L,64596L,64597L,64598L,64599L,64600L,64601L,64602L,
64603L,64604L,64605L,64606L,64607L,64608L,64609L,64610L,64611L,64612L,
64613L,64614L,64615L,64616L,64617L,64618L,64619L,64620L,64621L,64622L,
64623L,64624L,64625L,64626L,64627L,64628L,64629L,64630L,64631L,64632L,
64633L,64634L,64635L,64636L,64637L,64638L,64639L,64640L,64641L,64642L,
64643L,64644L,64645L,64646L,64647L,64648L,64649L,64650L,64651L,64652L,
64653L,64654L,64655L,64656L,64657L,64658L,64659L,64660L,64661L,64662L,
64663L,64664L,64665L,64666L,64667L,64668L,64669L,64670L,64671L,64672L,
64673L,64674L,64675L,64676L,64677L,64678L,64679L,64680L,64681L,64682L,
64683L,64684L,64685L,64686L,64687L,64688L,64689L,64690L,64691L,64692L,
64693L,64694L,64695L,64696L,64697L,64698L,64699L,64700L,64701L,64702L,
64703L,64704L,64705L,64706L,64707L,64708L,64709L,64710L,64711L,64712L,
64713L,64714L,64715L,64716L,64717L,64718L,64719L,64720L,64721L,64722L,
64723L,64724L,64725L,64726L,64727L,64728L,64729L,64730L,64731L,64732L,
64733L,64734L,64735L,64736L,64737L,64738L,64739L,64740L,64741L,64742L,
64743L,64744L,64745L,64746L,64747L,64748L,64749L,64750L,64751L,64752L,
64753L,64754L,64755L,64756L,64757L,64758L,64759L,64760L,64761L,64762L,
64763L,64764L,64765L,64766L,64767L,64768L,64769L,64770L,64771L,64772L,
64773L,64774L,64775L,64776L,64777L,64778L,64779L,64780L,64781L,64782L,
64783L,64784L,64785L,64786L,64787L,64788L,64789L,64790L,64791L,64792L,
64793L,64794L,64795L,64796L,64797L,64798L,64799L,64800L,64801L,64802L,
64803L,64804L,64805L,64806L,64807L,64808L,64809L,64810L,64811L,64812L,
64813L,64814L,64815L,64816L,64817L,64818L,64819L,64820L,64821L,64822L,
64823L,64824L,64825L,64826L,64827L,64828L,64829L,64830L,64831L,64832L,
64833L,64834L,64835L,64836L,64837L,64838L,64839L,64840L,64841L,64842L,
64843L,64844L,64845L,64846L,64847L,64848L,64849L,64850L,64851L,64852L,
64853L,64854L,64855L,64856L,64857L,64858L,64859L,64860L,64861L,64862L,
64863L,64864L,64865L,64866L,64867L,64868L,64869L,64870L,64871L,64872L,
64873L,64874L,64875L,64876L,64877L,64878L,64879L,64880L,64881L,64882L,
64883L,64884L,64885L,64886L,64887L,64888L,64889L,64890L,64891L,64892L,
64893L,64894L,64895L,64896L,64897L,64898L,64899L,64900L,64901L,64902L,
64903L,64904L,64905L,64906L,64907L,64908L,64909L,64910L,64911L,64912L,
64913L,64914L,64915L,64916L,64917L,64918L,64919L,64920L,64921L,64922L,
64923L,64924L,64925L,64926L,64927L,64928L,64929L,64930L,64931L,64932L,
64933L,64934L,64935L,64936L,64937L,64938L,64939L,64940L,64941L,64942L,
64943L,64944L,64945L,64946L,64947L,64948L,64949L,64950L,64951L,64952L,
64953L,64954L,64955L,64956L,64957L,64958L,64959L,64960L,64961L,64962L,
64963L,64964L,64965L,64966L,64967L,64968L,64969L,64970L,64971L,64972L,
64973L,64974L,64975L,64976L,64977L,64978L,64979L,64980L,64981L,64982L,
64983L,64984L,64985L,64986L,64987L,64988L,64989L,64990L,64991L,64992L,
64993L,64994L,64995L,64996L,64997L,64998L,64999L,65000L,65001L,65002L,
65003L,65004L,65005L,65006L,65007L,65008L,65009L,65010L,65011L,65012L,
65013L,65014L,65015L,65016L,65017L,65018L,65019L,65020L,65021L,65022L,
65023L,65024L,65025L,65026L,65027L,65028L,65029L,65030L,65031L,65032L,
65033L,65034L,65035L,65036L,65037L,65038L,65039L,65040L,65041L,65042L,
65043L,65044L,65045L,65046L,65047L,65048L,65049L,65050L,65051L,65052L,
65053L,65054L,65055L,65056L,65057L,65058L,65059L,65060L,65061L,65062L,
65063L,65064L,65065L,65066L,65067L,65068L,65069L,65070L,65071L,65072L,
65073L,65074L,65075L,65076L,65077L,65078L,65079L,65080L,65081L,65082L,
65083L,65084L,65085L,65086L,65087L,65088L,65089L,65090L,65091L,65092L,
65093L,65094L,65095L,65096L,65097L,65098L,65099L,65100L,65101L,65102L,
65103L,65104L,65105L,65106L,65107L,65108L,65109L,65110L,65111L,65112L,
65113L,65114L,65115L,65116L,65117L,65118L,65119L,65120L,65121L,65122L,
65123L,65124L,65125L,65126L,65127L,65128L,65129L,65130L,65131L,65132L,
65133L,65134L,65135L,65136L,65137L,65138L,65139L,65140L,65141L,65142L,
65143L,65144L,65145L,65146L,65147L,65148L,65149L,65150L,65151L,65152L,
65153L,65154L,65155L,65156L,65157L,65158L,65159L,65160L,65161L,65162L,
65163L,65164L,65165L,65166L,65167L,65168L,65169L,65170L,65171L,65172L,
65173L,65174L,65175L,65176L,65177L,65178L,65179L,65180L,65181L,65182L,
65183L,65184L,65185L,65186L,65187L,65188L,65189L,65190L,65191L,65192L,
65193L,65194L,65195L,65196L,65197L,65198L,65199L,65200L,65201L,65202L,
65203L,65204L,65205L,65206L,65207L,65208L,65209L,65210L,65211L,65212L,
65213L,65214L,65215L,65216L,65217L,65218L,65219L,65220L,65221L,65222L,
65223L,65224L,65225L,65226L,65227L,65228L,65229L,65230L,65231L,65232L,
65233L,65234L,65235L,65236L,65237L,65238L,65239L,65240L,65241L,65242L,
65243L,65244L,65245L,65246L,65247L,65248L,65249L,65250L,65251L,65252L,
65253L,65254L,65255L,65256L,65257L,65258L,65259L,65260L,65261L,65262L,
65263L,65264L,65265L,65266L,65267L,65268L,65269L,65270L,65271L,65272L,
65273L,65274L,65275L,65276L,65277L,65278L,65279L,65280L,65281L,65282L,
65283L,65284L,65285L,65286L,65287L,65288L,65289L,65290L,65291L,65292L,
65293L,65294L,65295L,65296L,65297L,65298L,65299L,65300L,65301L,65302L,
65303L,65304L,65305L,65306L,65307L,65308L,65309L,65310L,65311L,65312L,
65313L,65314L,65315L,65316L,65317L,65318L,65319L,65320L,65321L,65322L,
65323L,65324L,65325L,65326L,65327L,65328L,65329L,65330L,65331L,65332L,
65333L,65334L,65335L,65336L,65337L,65338L,65339L,65340L,65341L,65342L,
65343L,65344L,65313L,65314L,65315L,65316L,65317L,65318L,65319L,65320L,
65321L,65322L,65323L,65324L,65325L,65326L,65327L,65328L,65329L,65330L,
65331L,65332L,65333L,65334L,65335L,65336L,65337L,65338L,65371L,65372L,
65373L,65374L,65375L,65376L,65377L,65378L,65379L,65380L,65381L,65382L,
65383L,65384L,65385L,65386L,65387L,65388L,65389L,65390L,65391L,65392L,
65393L,65394L,65395L,65396L,65397L,65398L,65399L,65400L,65401L,65402L,
65403L,65404L,65405L,65406L,65407L,65408L,65409L,65410L,65411L,65412L,
65413L,65414L,65415L,65416L,65417L,65418L,65419L,65420L,65421L,65422L,
65423L,65424L,65425L,65426L,65427L,65428L,65429L,65430L,65431L,65432L,
65433L,65434L,65435L,65436L,65437L,65438L,65439L,65440L,65441L,65442L,
65443L,65444L,65445L,65446L,65447L,65448L,65449L,65450L,65451L,65452L,
65453L,65454L,65455L,65456L,65457L,65458L,65459L,65460L,65461L,65462L,
65463L,65464L,65465L,65466L,65467L,65468L,65469L,65470L,65471L,65472L,
65473L,65474L,65475L,65476L,65477L,65478L,65479L,65480L,65481L,65482L,
65483L,65484L,65485L,65486L,65487L,65488L,65489L,65490L,65491L,65492L,
65493L,65494L,65495L,65496L,65497L,65498L,65499L,65500L,65501L,65502L,
65503L,65504L,65505L,65506L,65507L,65508L,65509L,65510L,65511L,65512L,
65513L,65514L,65515L,65516L,65517L,65518L,65519L,65520L,65521L,65522L,
65523L,65524L,65525L,65526L,65527L,65528L,65529L,65530L,65531L,65532L,
65533L,65534L,65535L,
};
#endif
/*
 *  Bitstream decoder.
 */

/* include removed: duk_internal.h */

/* Decode 'bits' bits from the input stream (bits must be 1...24).
 * When reading past bitstream end, zeroes are shifted in.  The result
 * is signed to match duk_bd_decode_flagged.
 */
DUK_INTERNAL duk_int32_t duk_bd_decode(duk_bitdecoder_ctx *ctx, duk_small_int_t bits) {
	duk_small_int_t shift;
	duk_uint32_t mask;
	duk_uint32_t tmp;

	/* Note: cannot read more than 24 bits without possibly shifting top bits out.
	 * Fixable, but adds complexity.
	 */
	DUK_ASSERT(bits >= 1 && bits <= 24);

	while (ctx->currbits < bits) {
#if 0
		DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("decode_bits: shift more data (bits=%ld, currbits=%ld)",
		                     (long) bits, (long) ctx->currbits));
#endif
		ctx->currval <<= 8;
		if (ctx->offset < ctx->length) {
			/* If ctx->offset >= ctx->length, we "shift zeroes in"
			 * instead of croaking.
			 */
			ctx->currval |= ctx->data[ctx->offset++];
		}
		ctx->currbits += 8;
	}
#if 0
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("decode_bits: bits=%ld, currbits=%ld, currval=0x%08lx",
	                     (long) bits, (long) ctx->currbits, (unsigned long) ctx->currval));
#endif

	/* Extract 'top' bits of currval; note that the extracted bits do not need
	 * to be cleared, we just ignore them on next round.
	 */
	shift = ctx->currbits - bits;
	mask = (1 << bits) - 1;
	tmp = (ctx->currval >> shift) & mask;
	ctx->currbits = shift;  /* remaining */

#if 0
	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("decode_bits: %ld bits -> 0x%08lx (%ld), currbits=%ld, currval=0x%08lx",
	                     (long) bits, (unsigned long) tmp, (long) tmp, (long) ctx->currbits, (unsigned long) ctx->currval));
#endif

	return tmp;
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_small_int_t duk_bd_decode_flag(duk_bitdecoder_ctx *ctx) {
	return (duk_small_int_t) duk_bd_decode(ctx, 1);
}

/* Decode a one-bit flag, and if set, decode a value of 'bits', otherwise return
 * default value.  Return value is signed so that negative marker value can be
 * used by caller as a "not present" value.
 */
DUK_INTERNAL duk_int32_t duk_bd_decode_flagged(duk_bitdecoder_ctx *ctx, duk_small_int_t bits, duk_int32_t def_value) {
	if (duk_bd_decode_flag(ctx)) {
		return (duk_int32_t) duk_bd_decode(ctx, bits);
	} else {
		return def_value;
	}
}
/*
 *  Bitstream encoder.
 */

/* include removed: duk_internal.h */

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_be_encode(duk_bitencoder_ctx *ctx, duk_uint32_t data, duk_small_int_t bits) {
	duk_uint8_t tmp;

	DUK_ASSERT(ctx != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(ctx->currbits < 8);

	/* This limitation would be fixable but adds unnecessary complexity. */
	DUK_ASSERT(bits >= 1 && bits <= 24);

	ctx->currval = (ctx->currval << bits) | data;
	ctx->currbits += bits;

	while (ctx->currbits >= 8) {
		if (ctx->offset < ctx->length) {
			tmp = (duk_uint8_t) ((ctx->currval >> (ctx->currbits - 8)) & 0xff);
			ctx->data[ctx->offset++] = tmp;
		} else {
			/* If buffer has been exhausted, truncate bitstream */
			ctx->truncated = 1;
		}

		ctx->currbits -= 8;
	}
}

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_be_finish(duk_bitencoder_ctx *ctx) {
	duk_small_int_t npad;

	DUK_ASSERT(ctx != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(ctx->currbits < 8);

	npad = (duk_small_int_t) (8 - ctx->currbits);
	if (npad > 0) {
		duk_be_encode(ctx, 0, npad);
	}
	DUK_ASSERT(ctx->currbits == 0);
}
/*
 *  Fast buffer writer with spare management.
 */

/* include removed: duk_internal.h */

/*
 *  Macro support functions (use only macros in calling code)
 */

DUK_LOCAL void duk__bw_update_ptrs(duk_hthread *thr, duk_bufwriter_ctx *bw_ctx, duk_size_t curr_offset, duk_size_t new_length) {
	duk_uint8_t *p;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(bw_ctx != NULL);
	DUK_UNREF(thr);

	p = (duk_uint8_t *) DUK_HBUFFER_DYNAMIC_GET_DATA_PTR(thr->heap, bw_ctx->buf);
	DUK_ASSERT(p != NULL || (DUK_HBUFFER_DYNAMIC_GET_SIZE(bw_ctx->buf) == 0 && curr_offset == 0 && new_length == 0));
	bw_ctx->p = p + curr_offset;
	bw_ctx->p_base = p;
	bw_ctx->p_limit = p + new_length;
}

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_bw_init(duk_hthread *thr, duk_bufwriter_ctx *bw_ctx, duk_hbuffer_dynamic *h_buf) {

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(bw_ctx != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(h_buf != NULL);
	DUK_UNREF(thr);

	bw_ctx->buf = h_buf;
	duk__bw_update_ptrs(thr, bw_ctx, 0, DUK_HBUFFER_DYNAMIC_GET_SIZE(h_buf));
}

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_bw_init_pushbuf(duk_hthread *thr, duk_bufwriter_ctx *bw_ctx, duk_size_t buf_size) {
	duk_context *ctx;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(bw_ctx != NULL);
	ctx = (duk_context *) thr;

	(void) duk_push_dynamic_buffer(ctx, buf_size);
	bw_ctx->buf = (duk_hbuffer_dynamic *) duk_get_hbuffer(ctx, -1);
	duk__bw_update_ptrs(thr, bw_ctx, 0, buf_size);
}

/* Resize target buffer for requested size.  Called by the macro only when the
 * fast path test (= there is space) fails.
 */
DUK_INTERNAL duk_uint8_t *duk_bw_resize(duk_hthread *thr, duk_bufwriter_ctx *bw_ctx, duk_size_t sz) {
	duk_size_t curr_off;
	duk_size_t add_sz;
	duk_size_t new_sz;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(bw_ctx != NULL);

	/* We could do this operation without caller updating bw_ctx->ptr,
	 * but by writing it back here we can share code better.
	 */

	curr_off = (duk_size_t) (bw_ctx->p - bw_ctx->p_base);
	add_sz = (curr_off >> DUK_BW_SPARE_SHIFT) + DUK_BW_SPARE_ADD;
	new_sz = curr_off + sz + add_sz;
	if (new_sz < curr_off) {
		/* overflow */
		DUK_ERROR_RANGE(thr, DUK_STR_BUFFER_TOO_LONG);
		return NULL;  /* not reachable */
	}
#if 0  /* for manual torture testing: tight allocation, useful with valgrind */
	new_sz = curr_off + sz;
#endif

	/* This is important to ensure dynamic buffer data pointer is not
	 * NULL (which is possible if buffer size is zero), which in turn
	 * causes portability issues with e.g. memmove() and memcpy().
	 */
	DUK_ASSERT(new_sz >= 1);

	DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("resize bufferwriter from %ld to %ld (add_sz=%ld)", (long) curr_off, (long) new_sz, (long) add_sz));

	duk_hbuffer_resize(thr, bw_ctx->buf, new_sz);
	duk__bw_update_ptrs(thr, bw_ctx, curr_off, new_sz);
	return bw_ctx->p;
}

/* Make buffer compact, matching current written size. */
DUK_INTERNAL void duk_bw_compact(duk_hthread *thr, duk_bufwriter_ctx *bw_ctx) {
	duk_size_t len;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(bw_ctx != NULL);
	DUK_UNREF(thr);

	len = (duk_size_t) (bw_ctx->p - bw_ctx->p_base);
	duk_hbuffer_resize(thr, bw_ctx->buf, len);
	duk__bw_update_ptrs(thr, bw_ctx, len, len);
}

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_bw_write_raw_slice(duk_hthread *thr, duk_bufwriter_ctx *bw, duk_size_t src_off, duk_size_t len) {
	duk_uint8_t *p_base;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(bw != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(src_off <= DUK_BW_GET_SIZE(thr, bw));
	DUK_ASSERT(len <= DUK_BW_GET_SIZE(thr, bw));
	DUK_ASSERT(src_off + len <= DUK_BW_GET_SIZE(thr, bw));
	DUK_UNREF(thr);

	p_base = bw->p_base;
	DUK_MEMCPY((void *) bw->p,
	           (const void *) (p_base + src_off),
	           (size_t) len);
	bw->p += len;
}

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_bw_write_ensure_slice(duk_hthread *thr, duk_bufwriter_ctx *bw, duk_size_t src_off, duk_size_t len) {
	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(bw != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(src_off <= DUK_BW_GET_SIZE(thr, bw));
	DUK_ASSERT(len <= DUK_BW_GET_SIZE(thr, bw));
	DUK_ASSERT(src_off + len <= DUK_BW_GET_SIZE(thr, bw));
	DUK_UNREF(thr);

	DUK_BW_ENSURE(thr, bw, len);
	duk_bw_write_raw_slice(thr, bw, src_off, len);
}

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_bw_insert_raw_bytes(duk_hthread *thr, duk_bufwriter_ctx *bw, duk_size_t dst_off, const duk_uint8_t *buf, duk_size_t len) {
	duk_uint8_t *p_base;
	duk_size_t buf_sz, move_sz;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(bw != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(dst_off <= DUK_BW_GET_SIZE(thr, bw));
	DUK_ASSERT(buf != NULL);
	DUK_UNREF(thr);

	p_base = bw->p_base;
	buf_sz = bw->p - p_base;
	move_sz = buf_sz - dst_off;

	DUK_ASSERT(p_base != NULL);  /* buffer size is >= 1 */
	DUK_MEMMOVE((void *) (p_base + dst_off + len),
	            (const void *) (p_base + dst_off),
	            (size_t) move_sz);
	DUK_MEMCPY((void *) (p_base + dst_off),
	           (const void *) buf,
	           (size_t) len);
	bw->p += len;
}

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_bw_insert_ensure_bytes(duk_hthread *thr, duk_bufwriter_ctx *bw, duk_size_t dst_off, const duk_uint8_t *buf, duk_size_t len) {
	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(bw != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(dst_off <= DUK_BW_GET_SIZE(thr, bw));
	DUK_ASSERT(buf != NULL);
	DUK_UNREF(thr);

	DUK_BW_ENSURE(thr, bw, len);
	duk_bw_insert_raw_bytes(thr, bw, dst_off, buf, len);
}

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_bw_insert_raw_slice(duk_hthread *thr, duk_bufwriter_ctx *bw, duk_size_t dst_off, duk_size_t src_off, duk_size_t len) {
	duk_uint8_t *p_base;
	duk_size_t buf_sz, move_sz;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(bw != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(dst_off <= DUK_BW_GET_SIZE(thr, bw));
	DUK_ASSERT(src_off <= DUK_BW_GET_SIZE(thr, bw));
	DUK_ASSERT(len <= DUK_BW_GET_SIZE(thr, bw));
	DUK_ASSERT(src_off + len <= DUK_BW_GET_SIZE(thr, bw));
	DUK_UNREF(thr);

	p_base = bw->p_base;

	/* Don't support "straddled" source now. */
	DUK_ASSERT(dst_off <= src_off || dst_off >= src_off + len);

	if (dst_off <= src_off) {
		/* Target is before source.  Source offset is expressed as
		 * a "before change" offset.  Account for the memmove.
		 */
		src_off += len;
	}

	buf_sz = bw->p - p_base;
	move_sz = buf_sz - dst_off;

	DUK_ASSERT(p_base != NULL);  /* buffer size is >= 1 */
	DUK_MEMMOVE((void *) (p_base + dst_off + len),
	            (const void *) (p_base + dst_off),
	            (size_t) move_sz);
	DUK_MEMCPY((void *) (p_base + dst_off),
	           (const void *) (p_base + src_off),
	           (size_t) len);
	bw->p += len;
}

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_bw_insert_ensure_slice(duk_hthread *thr, duk_bufwriter_ctx *bw, duk_size_t dst_off, duk_size_t src_off, duk_size_t len) {
	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(bw != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(dst_off <= DUK_BW_GET_SIZE(thr, bw));
	DUK_ASSERT(src_off <= DUK_BW_GET_SIZE(thr, bw));
	DUK_ASSERT(len <= DUK_BW_GET_SIZE(thr, bw));
	DUK_ASSERT(src_off + len <= DUK_BW_GET_SIZE(thr, bw));
	DUK_UNREF(thr);

	/* Don't support "straddled" source now. */
	DUK_ASSERT(dst_off <= src_off || dst_off >= src_off + len);

	DUK_BW_ENSURE(thr, bw, len);
	duk_bw_insert_raw_slice(thr, bw, dst_off, src_off, len);
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_uint8_t *duk_bw_insert_raw_area(duk_hthread *thr, duk_bufwriter_ctx *bw, duk_size_t off, duk_size_t len) {
	duk_uint8_t *p_base, *p_dst, *p_src;
	duk_size_t buf_sz, move_sz;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(bw != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(off <= DUK_BW_GET_SIZE(thr, bw));
	DUK_UNREF(thr);

	p_base = bw->p_base;
	buf_sz = bw->p - p_base;
	move_sz = buf_sz - off;
	p_dst = p_base + off + len;
	p_src = p_base + off;
	DUK_MEMMOVE((void *) p_dst, (const void *) p_src, (size_t) move_sz);
	return p_src;  /* point to start of 'reserved area' */
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_uint8_t *duk_bw_insert_ensure_area(duk_hthread *thr, duk_bufwriter_ctx *bw, duk_size_t off, duk_size_t len) {
	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(bw != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(off <= DUK_BW_GET_SIZE(thr, bw));
	DUK_UNREF(thr);

	DUK_BW_ENSURE(thr, bw, len);
	return duk_bw_insert_raw_area(thr, bw, off, len);
}

DUK_INTERNAL void duk_bw_remove_raw_slice(duk_hthread *thr, duk_bufwriter_ctx *bw, duk_size_t off, duk_size_t len) {
	duk_size_t move_sz;

	duk_uint8_t *p_base;
	duk_uint8_t *p_src;
	duk_uint8_t *p_dst;

	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(bw != NULL);
	DUK_ASSERT(off <= DUK_BW_GET_SIZE(thr, bw));
	DUK_ASSERT(len <= DUK_BW_GET_SIZE(thr, bw));
	DUK_ASSERT(off + len <= DUK_BW_GET_SIZE(thr, bw));
	DUK_UNREF(thr);

	p_base = bw->p_base;
	p_dst = p_base + off;
	p_src = p_dst + len;
	move_sz = (duk_size_t) (bw->p - p_src);
	DUK_MEMMOVE((void *) p_dst,
	            (const void *) p_src,
	            (size_t) move_sz);
	bw->p -= len;
}

/*
 *  Macro support functions for reading/writing raw data.
 *
 *  These are done using mempcy to ensure they're valid even for unaligned
 *  reads/writes on platforms where alignment counts.  On x86 at least gcc
 *  is able to compile these into a bswap+mov.  "Always inline" is used to
 *  ensure these macros compile to minimal code.
 *
 *  Not really bufwriter related, but currently used together.
 */

DUK_INTERNAL DUK_ALWAYS_INLINE duk_uint16_t duk_raw_read_u16_be(duk_uint8_t **p) {
	union {
		duk_uint8_t b[2];
		duk_uint16_t x;
	} u;

	DUK_MEMCPY((void *) u.b, (const void *) (*p), (size_t) 2);
	u.x = DUK_NTOH16(u.x);
	*p += 2;
	return u.x;
}

DUK_INTERNAL DUK_ALWAYS_INLINE duk_uint32_t duk_raw_read_u32_be(duk_uint8_t **p) {
	union {
		duk_uint8_t b[4];
		duk_uint32_t x;
	} u;

	DUK_MEMCPY((void *) u.b, (const void *) (*p), (size_t) 4);
	u.x = DUK_NTOH32(u.x);
	*p += 4;
	return u.x;
}

DUK_INTERNAL DUK_ALWAYS_INLINE duk_double_t duk_raw_read_double_be(duk_uint8_t **p) {
	duk_double_union du;
	union {
		duk_uint8_t b[4];
		duk_uint32_t x;
	} u;

	DUK_MEMCPY((void *) u.b, (const void *) (*p), (size_t) 4);
	u.x = DUK_NTOH32(u.x);
	du.ui[DUK_DBL_IDX_UI0] = u.x;
	DUK_MEMCPY((void *) u.b, (const void *) (*p + 4), (size_t) 4);
	u.x = DUK_NTOH32(u.x);
	du.ui[DUK_DBL_IDX_UI1] = u.x;
	*p += 8;

	return du.d;
}

DUK_INTERNAL DUK_ALWAYS_INLINE void duk_raw_write_u16_be(duk_uint8_t **p, duk_uint16_t val) {
	union {
		duk_uint8_t b[2];
		duk_uint16_t x;
	} u;

	u.x = DUK_HTON16(val);
	DUK_MEMCPY((void *) (*p), (const void *) u.b, (size_t) 2);
	*p += 2;
}

DUK_INTERNAL DUK_ALWAYS_INLINE void duk_raw_write_u32_be(duk_uint8_t **p, duk_uint32_t val) {
	union {
		duk_uint8_t b[4];
		duk_uint32_t x;
	} u;

	u.x = DUK_HTON32(val);
	DUK_MEMCPY((void *) (*p), (const void *) u.b, (size_t) 4);
	*p += 4;
}

DUK_INTERNAL DUK_ALWAYS_INLINE void duk_raw_write_double_be(duk_uint8_t **p, duk_double_t val) {
	duk_double_union du;
	union {
		duk_uint8_t b[4];
		duk_uint32_t x;
	} u;

	du.d = val;
	u.x = du.ui[DUK_DBL_IDX_UI0];
	u.x = DUK_HTON32(u.x);
	DUK_MEMCPY((void *) (*p), (const void *) u.b, (size_t) 4);
	u.x = du.ui[DUK_DBL_IDX_UI1];
	u.x = DUK_HTON32(u.x);
	DUK_MEMCPY((void *) (*p + 4), (const void *) u.b, (size_t) 4);
	*p += 8;
}
/*
 *  Hash function duk_util_hashbytes().
 *
 *  Currently, 32-bit MurmurHash2.
 *
 *  Don't rely on specific hash values; hash function may be endianness
 *  dependent, for instance.
 */

/* include removed: duk_internal.h */

#if defined(DUK_USE_STRHASH_DENSE)
/* 'magic' constants for Murmurhash2 */
#define DUK__MAGIC_M  ((duk_uint32_t) 0x5bd1e995UL)
#define DUK__MAGIC_R  24

DUK_INTERNAL duk_uint32_t duk_util_hashbytes(const duk_uint8_t *data, duk_size_t len, duk_uint32_t seed) {
	duk_uint32_t h = seed ^ ((duk_uint32_t) len);

	while (len >= 4) {
		/* Portability workaround is required for platforms without
		 * unaligned access.  The replacement code emulates little
		 * endian access even on big endian architectures, which is
		 * OK as long as it is consistent for a build.
		 */
#ifdef DUK_USE_HASHBYTES_UNALIGNED_U32_ACCESS
		duk_uint32_t k = *((const duk_uint32_t *) (const void *) data);
#else
		duk_uint32_t k = ((duk_uint32_t) data[0]) |
		                 (((duk_uint32_t) data[1]) << 8) |
		                 (((duk_uint32_t) data[2]) << 16) |
		                 (((duk_uint32_t) data[3]) << 24);
#endif

		k *= DUK__MAGIC_M;
		k ^= k >> DUK__MAGIC_R;
		k *= DUK__MAGIC_M;
		h *= DUK__MAGIC_M;
		h ^= k;
		data += 4;
		len -= 4;
	}

	switch (len) {
	case 3: h ^= data[2] << 16;
	case 2: h ^= data[1] << 8;
	case 1: h ^= data[0];
	        h *= DUK__MAGIC_M;
        }

	h ^= h >> 13;
	h *= DUK__MAGIC_M;
	h ^= h >> 15;

	return h;
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_STRHASH_DENSE */
/*
 *  A tiny random number generator.
 *
 *  Currently used for Math.random().
 *
 *  http://www.woodmann.com/forum/archive/index.php/t-3100.html
 */

/* include removed: duk_internal.h */

#define DUK__UPDATE_RND(rnd) do { \
		(rnd) += ((rnd) * (rnd)) | 0x05; \
		(rnd) = ((rnd) & 0xffffffffU);       /* if duk_uint32_t is exactly 32 bits, this is a NOP */ \
	} while (0)

#define DUK__RND_BIT(rnd)  ((rnd) >> 31)  /* only use the highest bit */

DUK_INTERNAL duk_uint32_t duk_util_tinyrandom_get_bits(duk_hthread *thr, duk_small_int_t n) {
	duk_small_int_t i;
	duk_uint32_t res = 0;
	duk_uint32_t rnd;

	rnd = thr->heap->rnd_state;

	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		DUK__UPDATE_RND(rnd);
		res <<= 1;
		res += DUK__RND_BIT(rnd);
	}

	thr->heap->rnd_state = rnd;

	return res;
}

DUK_INTERNAL duk_double_t duk_util_tinyrandom_get_double(duk_hthread *thr) {
	duk_double_t t;
	duk_small_int_t n;
	duk_uint32_t rnd;

	/*
	 *  XXX: could make this a lot faster if we create the double memory
	 *  representation directly.  Feasible easily (must be uniform random).
	 */

	rnd = thr->heap->rnd_state;

	n = 53;  /* enough to cover the whole mantissa */
	t = 0.0;

	do {
		DUK__UPDATE_RND(rnd);
		t += DUK__RND_BIT(rnd);
		t /= 2.0;
	} while (--n);

	thr->heap->rnd_state = rnd;

	DUK_ASSERT(t >= (duk_double_t) 0.0);
	DUK_ASSERT(t < (duk_double_t) 1.0);

	return t;
}