<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
    "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">

<html>
    <head>
        <!-- -*- xhtml -*- -->
        <title>NetBeans CRUD Application Tutorial for NetBeans Platform 7.0</title>
        <meta name="AUDIENCE" content="NBUSER">
        <meta name="TYPE" content="ARTICLE">
        <meta name="EXPIRES" content="N">
        <meta name="developer" content="gwielenga@netbeans.org">
        <meta name="indexed" content="y">
        <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
        <meta name="description"
              content="A guide describing how to create a CRUD application on
              NetBeans Platform 7.0.">
        <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://netbeans.org/netbeans.css">
        <!--      Copyright (c) 2009, 2010, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. -->
        <!--     Use is subject to license terms.-->
    </head>

    <body>
        <h1><a name="top"></a>NetBeans Platform CRUD Application Tutorial</h1>

        <p>This tutorial shows you how to integrate a Java DB database into a
            NetBeans Platform application. We start by exploring a Java DB database,
            from which we create entity classes. Though the starting point
            of this tutorial is Java DB, be aware that these instructions
            are not applicable to Java DB only. Rather, they are relevant to any
            relational database supported by NetBeans IDE.

        <p><b class="notes">Note:</b> Though the database access part of this tutorial
            is fine for smaller applications, there are many other factors
            to be aware of in the context of larger real-life scenarios. It is
            important to be aware of these factors, aspects of which are described
            <a href="http://blog.schauderhaft.de/2008/09/28/hibernate-sessions-in-two-tier-rich-client-applications/">here</a>.</p>

        <p>Once we have code for accessing the database, we wrap the entity classes
            into a module, together with modules for the related JPA JARS. Once
            the data access module is part of our application, we create a new
            module that provides the user interface for our application. The
            new module gives the user a tree hierarchy showing data from the database.
            We then create another module that lets the user edit the data displayed
            by the first module. By separating the viewer from the editor in distinct modules, we will enable
            the user to install a different editor for the same viewer, since different
            editors could be created by external vendors, some commercially and some
            for free. It is this flexibility that the modular architecture of the
            NetBeans Platform makes possible.

        <p>Once we have an editor, we begin adding CRUD functionality. First, the
            "R", standing for "Read", is handled by the viewer described above. Next,
            the "U" for "Update" is handled, followed by the "C" for "Create", and the
            "D" for "Delete".

        <p>At the end of the tutorial, you will have learned about a range of NetBeans
            Platform features that help you in creating applications of this kind. For
            example, you will have learned about the <tt><a href="http://bits.netbeans.org/dev/javadoc/org-openide-awt/org/openide/awt/UndoRedo.Manager.html">UndoRedo.Manager</a></tt> and the <tt><a href="http://bits.netbeans.org/dev/javadoc/org-openide-explorer/org/openide/explorer/ExplorerManager.html">ExplorerManager</a></tt>,
            as well as NetBeans Platform Swing components, such as <tt><a href="http://bits.netbeans.org/dev/javadoc/org-openide-windows/org/openide/windows/TopComponent.html">TopComponent</a></tt> and <tt><a href="http://bits.netbeans.org/dev/javadoc/org-openide-explorer/org/openide/explorer/view/BeanTreeView.html">BeanTreeView</a></tt>.

        <p><b class="notes">Note:</b> This document assumes the NetBeans IDE 7.0 Release. If you
            are using an earlier version, see the <a href="691/nbm-crud.html">previous version
                of this document</a>.</p>

        <p><b>Contents</b></p>

        <p><img src="../../images/articles/70/netbeans-stamp.gif" class="stamp" width="114" height="114" alt="Content on this page applies to NetBeans IDE 6.9 and 7.0" title="Content on this page applies to NetBeans IDE 6.9 and 7.0"/></p>
        <ul class="toc">
            <li><a href="#creating-app">Setting Up the Application</a></li>
            <li><a href="#integrating-database">Integrating the Database</a>
                <ul>
                    <li><a href="#creating-entity">Creating Entity Classes from a Database</a></li>
                    <li><a href="#wrapping-entity">Wrapping the Entity Class JAR in a Module</a></li>
                    <li><a href="#creating-other">Creating Other Related Modules</a></li>
                    <li><a href="#designing-ui">Designing the User Interface</a></li>
                    <li><a href="#setting-dependencies">Setting Dependencies</a></li>
                    <li><a href="#running-prototype">Running the Prototype</a></li>
                </ul>
            <li><a href="#integrating-crud">Integrating CRUD Functionality</a>
                <ul>
                    <li><a href="#read">Read</a></li>
                    <li><a href="#update">Update</a></li>
                    <li><a href="#create">Create</a></li>
                    <li><a href="#delete">Delete</a></li>
                </ul>
            </li>
            <li><a href="#nextsteps">Further Reading</a></li>
        </ul>

        <p><b>To follow this tutorial, you need the software and resources listed in the following
                table.</b></p>

        <table>
            <tbody>
                <tr>
                    <th class="tblheader" scope="col">Software or Resource</th>
                    <th class="tblheader" scope="col">Version Required</th>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td class="tbltd1"><a href="https://netbeans.org/downloads/index.html">NetBeans IDE</a></td>
                    <td class="tbltd1">version 7.0 or above</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td class="tbltd1"><a href="http://java.sun.com/javase/downloads/index.jsp">Java Developer Kit (JDK)</a></td>
                    <td class="tbltd1">Version 6</td>
                </tr>
            </tbody>
        </table>

        <p>The application you create in this tutorial will
            look as follows:</p>

        <p><img alt="the final state of the application" src="../../images/tutorials/crud/70/dbmanager-99c.png"/> </p>

        <p class="tips"> It is advisable to watch the screencast series
            <a href="https://platform.netbeans.org/tutorials/nbm-10-top-apis.html">Top 10 NetBeans APIs</a>
            before beginning to work on this tutorial. Many of the concepts addressed in this tutorial
            are discussed in more detail within the screencast series.


        <p>
            <!-- ===================================================================================== -->

            <br>
        <h2 class="tutorial"><a name="creating-app"></a>Setting up the Application</h2>
        <p>Let's start by creating a new NetBeans Platform application.
        <div class="indent">
            <ol>
                <li>Choose File &gt; New Project (Ctrl+Shift+N). Under Categories, select NetBeans Modules.
                    Under Projects, select NetBeans Platform Application. Click Next.</li>
                <li>In the Name and Location panel, type <tt>DBManager</tt> in the Project Name field.
                    Click Finish.</li>
            </ol>

            <p>The IDE creates the <tt>DBManager</tt> project. The project
                is a container for all the other modules you will create:

            <p><img alt="NetBeans Platform container" src="../../images/tutorials/crud/70/dbmanager-1.png"/> </p>
        </div>

        <!-- ===================================================================================== -->

        <h2><a name="integrating-database"></a>Integrating the Database</h2>

        <p>In order to integrate the database, you need to create entity classes
            from your database and integrate those entity classes, together with
            their related JARs, into modules as part of your NetBeans Platform
            application.</p>

        <h3 class="tutorial"><a name="creating-entity"></a>Creating the Entity Classes</h3>
        <p>In this section, you generate entity classes from a selected database.
        <div class="indent">
            <ol>
                <li><p>Let's start by using the IDE to inspect the database that we will
                        use in our application. Use the Services window (Ctrl-5) to
                        connect to the sample database that is included with
                        NetBeans IDE:</p>

                    <p><img alt="Services window" src="../../images/tutorials/crud/70/dbmanager-2.png"/> </p>

                    <p class="tips"> Alternatively, use
                        any database you like and adapt the steps that follow to your particular
                        use case. For Oracle Database, see <a href="https://netbeans.org/kb/docs/ide/oracle-db.html">Connecting to an Oracle Database</a>; for
                        MySQL, see <a href="https://netbeans.org/kb/docs/ide/mysql.html">Connecting to a MySQL Database</a> for help.</p>
                    <p><li><p>Now we will create a library that will contain entity classes for the 
                        tables that we're interested in for our application.
                        In the IDE, choose File | New Project, followed by
                        Java | Java Class Library and create a new library project, anywhere on disk,
                        named <tt>CustomerLibrary</tt>:</p>
                    <p><img alt="Services window" src="../../images/tutorials/crud/70/dbmanager-2a.png"/> </p>

                    <p><li><p>In the Projects window, right-click the <code>CustomerLibrary</code> project
                        and choose File | New File, followed by Persistence | "Entity
                        Classes from Database". In the wizard, select your database and the tables you
                        need. Here we choose "Customer", and then "Discount Code" is added automatically, since
                        there is a relationship between these two tables:</p>
                    <p><img style="border: 1px solid black" alt="adding tables" src="../../images/tutorials/crud/70/dbmanager-3.png"/> </p>
                    <p>Click Next.


                    <p><li><p>Type "demo" as the name of
                        the package where the entity classes will be generated and leave everything
                        else unchanged:</p>
                    <p><img alt="name of package" src="../../images/tutorials/crud/70/dbmanager-4.png"/> </p>

                    <p><li><p>Click Finish. Once you have completed this step, look at the generated code and notice
                        that, among other files, you now have a <code>persistence.xml</code> file in a folder
                        called META-INF, as well as entity classes for each of your tables:</p>

                    <p><img alt="entity classes" src="../../images/tutorials/crud/70/dbmanager-7.png"/> </p>

                    <p><li><p>Right-click and then build the <code>CustomerLibrary</code>. Switch to the
                        Files window (Ctrl-2) and notice that you have a JAR file in the library
                        project's "dist" folder:</p>

                    <p><img alt="dist folder" src="../../images/tutorials/crud/70/dbmanager-8.png"/> </p>

                </li>
            </ol>
        </div>
        <h3 class="tutorial"><a name="wrapping-entity"></a>Wrapping the Entity Class JAR in a Module</h3>
        <p>In this section, you add your first module to your application!
            The new NetBeans module will wrap the JAR file
            you created in the previous section.
        <div class="indent">
            <ol>
                <li><p>Right-click the <tt>DBManager</tt>'s "Modules" node in the Projects window
                        and choose Add New Library.</p>
                    <p><li><p>In the "New Library Wrapper Module Project" dialog,
                        select the JAR you created in the previous subsection. No need to
                        include a license; leave the License field empty.
                        Complete the wizard, specifying any values you like. Let's assume
                        the application is for dealing with customers at shop.org, in which case
                        a unique identifier <code>org.shop.model</code> is appropriate for the code name base, since
                        this module provides the model (also known as "domain") of the application:</p>
                    <p><img alt="unique id for module" style="border: 1px black solid" src="../../images/tutorials/crud/70/dbmanager-9.png"/> </p>
            </ol>
            <p>You now have your first custom module in your new application, which
                wraps the JAR containing the entity classes and
                the persistence.xml file:</p>
            <p><img alt="persistence.xml" src="../../images/tutorials/crud/70/dbmanager-91.png"/> </p>
        </div>

        <h3 class="tutorial"><a name="creating-other"></a>Creating Other Related Modules</h3>
        <p>In this section, you create two new modules, wrapping the EclipseLink JARs,
            as well as the database connector JAR.</p>
        <div class="indent">
            <ol>
                <li><p>Do the same as you did when creating the library wrapper for the
                        entity class JAR, but this time for the EclipseLink JARs, which are in
                        the NetBeans IDE installation directory, within the "<tt>java/modules/ext</tt>"
                        folder, as shown below:</p>

                    <p><img alt="wrapping a library" src="../../images/tutorials/crud/70/dbmanager-94.png"/></p>

                    <p class="tips"> In the Library Wrapper Module wizard,
                        you can use Ctrl-Click to select multiple JARs.</p>

                    <p><li><p>Next, create yet another library wrapper module, this time for the Java DB client JAR,
                        which is named <tt>derbyclient.jar</tt>.
                        The location of this JAR depends on your version of the JDK, as well as on your operating system.
                        For example, on Linux systems, this JAR could be found within your JDK
                        distribution at <tt>"db/lib/derbyclient.jar"</tt>. On Windows systems, depending on your version
                        of the JDK, you could find this JAR here, instead, i.e., at "<tt>C:\Program Files\Sun\JavaDB\lib</tt>":</p>
                    <p><img alt="wrapping a library" src="../../images/tutorials/crud/70/dbmanager-94a.png"/></p>

                    <p class="tips"> To use an embedded Java DB database, instead
                        of the external Java DB database used in this tutorial,
                        <a href="http://blogs.oracle.com/geertjan/entry/embedded_database_for_netbeans_platform">read this article</a>.</p>

                    <p><li><p>Your application structure should now be as shown below. You should
                        see that you have an application that contains three modules. One module
                        contains the customer library, while the other two contain the <tt>EclipeLink</tt> JARs
                        and the Derby Client JAR:</p>
                    <p><img alt="wrapping a library" src="../../images/tutorials/crud/70/dbmanager-94b.png"/></p>
                </li>

            </ol>
        </div>
        <p>Now it is, finally, time to do some coding!</p>

        <h3 class="tutorial"><a name="designing-ui"></a>Designing the User Interface</h3>
        <p>In this section, you create a simple prototype user interface, providing
            a window that uses a <tt>JTextArea</tt> to display data retrieved
            from the database.
        <div class="indent">
            <ol>
                <li><p>Right-click the <tt>DBManager</tt>'s Modules node in the Projects window
                        and choose Add New. Create a new module named <tt>CustomerViewer</tt>, with
                        the code name base <tt>org.shop.viewer</tt>. Click Finish. You now have a fourth
                        module in your application.</p>
                    <p><li>In the Projects window, right-click the new module and choose
                    New | Window. Specify that it should be created in the <tt>explorer</tt>
                    position and that it should open when the application starts. Set <tt>CustomerViewer</tt>
                    as the window's class name prefix. Click Finish.
                    <p><li><p>Use the Palette (Ctrl-Shift-8) to drag
                        and drop a <tt>JTextArea</tt> on the new window:</p>

                    <p><img alt="JTextArea dropped" style="border: 1px solid black" src="../../images/tutorials/crud/70/dbmanager-95.png"/></p>

                    <p><li>Click the "Source" tab and the source code of the <tt>TopComponent</tt> opens. Add this
                    to the end of the TopComponent constructor:
                    <pre class="examplecode">EntityManager entityManager = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("CustomerLibraryPU").createEntityManager();
Query query = entityManager.createQuery("SELECT c FROM Customer c");
List&lt;Customer&gt; resultList = query.getResultList();
for (Customer c : resultList) {
  jTextArea1.append(c.getName() + " (" + c.getCity() + ")" + "\n");
}</pre>

                    <p class="tips"> Since you have not set dependencies on the modules that
                        provide the Customer object and the persistence JARs, the statements
                        above will be marked with red error underlines. These will be fixed
                        in the section that follows.</p>

                    <p>Above, you can see references to a persistence unit named "CustomerLibraryPU",
                        which is the name set in the <tt>persistence.xml</tt> file. In addition, there is a reference
                        to one of the entity classes, called <tt>Customer</tt>, which is in the entity classes module.
                        Adapt these bits to your needs, if they are different to the above.

            </ol>
        </div>

        <h3 class="tutorial"><a name="setting-dependencies"></a>Setting Dependencies</h3>
        <p>In this section, you enable some of the modules to use code from
            some of the other modules. You do this very explicitly by setting intentional
            contracts between related modules, i.e., as opposed
            to the accidental and chaotic reuse of code that tends to happen when
            you do not have a strict modular architecture such as that provided by
            the NetBeans Platform.
        <div class="indent">
            <ol>
                <li>The entity classes module needs to have dependencies on the Derby Client
                    module as well as on the EclipseLink module. Right-click the
                    <tt>CustomerLibrary</tt> module, choose Properties, and use the
                    Libraries tab to set dependencies on the two modules that the
                    <tt>CustomerLibrary</tt> module needs.
                    <p><li>The <tt>CustomerViewer</tt> module needs a dependency
                    on the EclipseLink module as well as on the entity classes module.
                    Right-click the
                    <tt>CustomerViewer</tt> module, choose Properties, and use the
                    Libraries tab to set dependencies on the two modules that the
                    <tt>CustomerViewer</tt>  module needs.
                    <p><li>Open the <tt>CustomerViewerTopComponent</tt> in the Source view, right-click
                    in the editor, and choose "Fix Imports". The IDE is now able to add
                    the required import statements, because the modules that provide
                    the required classes are now available to the <tt>CustomerViewerTopComponent</tt>. The
                    import statememts you should now have are as follows:
                    <pre class="examplecode">import demo.Customer;
import java.util.List;
import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
import javax.persistence.Persistence;
import javax.persistence.Query;
import org.openide.util.NbBundle;
import org.openide.windows.TopComponent;
import org.netbeans.api.settings.ConvertAsProperties;
import org.openide.awt.ActionID;
import org.openide.awt.ActionReference;</pre>

            </ol>
        </div>
        <p>You now have set contracts between the modules
            in your application, giving you control
            over the dependencies between distinct pieces
            of code.</p>

        <h3 class="tutorial"><a name="running-prototype"></a>Running the Prototype</h3>
        <p>In this section, you run the application so that you can see
            that you're correctly accessing your database.
        <div class="indent">
            <ol>
                <li>Start your database server.
                    <p><li><p>Run the application. You should see this:</p>

                    <p><img alt="running the prototype" src="../../images/tutorials/crud/70/dbmanager-92.png"/></p>
            </ol>
        </div>
        <p>You now have a simple prototype, consisting of a NetBeans Platform
            application that displays data from your database,
            which you will extend in the next
            section.</p>

        <h2><a name="integrating-crud"></a>Integrating CRUD Functionality</h2>

        <p>In order to create CRUD functionality that integrates smoothly
            with the NetBeans Platform, some very specific NetBeans Platform coding patterns need to
            be implemented. The sections that follow describe these patterns
            in detail.</p>
        <h3 class="tutorial"><a name="read"></a>Read</h3>
        <p>In this section, you change the <tt>JTextArea</tt>, introduced in the
            previous section, for a NetBeans Platform explorer view. NetBeans Platform
            explorer views are Swing components that integrate better with the
            NetBeans Platform than standard Swing components do. Among other things,
            they support the notion of a context, which enables them to be
            context sensitive.
        <p>Representing your data,
            you will have a generic hierarchical model provided by a NetBeans Platform
            <tt>Node</tt> class, which can be displayed by any of the NetBeans Platform
            explorer views. This section ends with an explanation of how to synchronize
            your explorer view with the NetBeans Platform Properties window.
        <div class="indent">
            <ol>
                <li>In your <tt>TopComponent</tt>, delete the <tt>JTextArea</tt>
                    in the Design view and comment out its
                    related code in the Source view:

                    <pre class="examplecode">EntityManager entityManager =  Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("CustomerLibraryPU").createEntityManager();
Query query = entityManager.createQuery("SELECT c FROM Customer c");
List&lt;Customer&gt; resultList = query.getResultList();
//for (Customer c : resultList) {
//    jTextArea1.append(c.getName() + " (" + c.getCity() + ")" + "\n");
//}</pre>

                    <p><li>Right-click the <tt>CustomerViewer</tt> module, choose Properties,
                    and use the Libraries tab to set dependencies on the Nodes API and
                    the Explorer & Property Sheet API.

                    <p><li>Next, change the class signature to implement <tt>ExplorerManager.Provider</tt>:

                    <pre class="examplecode">final class CustomerViewerTopComponent extends TopComponent implements ExplorerManager.Provider</pre>

                    <p>You will need to override <tt>getExplorerManager()</tt>

                    <pre class="examplecode">@Override
public ExplorerManager getExplorerManager() {
    return em;
}</pre>

                    <p>At the top of the class, declare and initialize the <tt>ExplorerManager</tt>:

                    <pre class="examplecode">private static ExplorerManager em = new ExplorerManager();</pre>

                    <p class="tips"> Watch <a href="https://platform.netbeans.org/tutorials/nbm-10-top-apis.html">Top 10 NetBeans APIs</a>
                        for details on the above code, especially the screencast dealing with the Nodes API
                        and the Explorer & Property Sheet API.

                    <p><li>Switch to the <tt>TopComponent</tt> Design view,
                    right-click in the Palette, choose Palette Manager | Add from JAR. Then browse to
                    the <tt>org-openide-explorer.jar</tt>, which is in <tt>platform/modules</tt> folder,
                    within the NetBeans IDE installation directory. Choose the BeanTreeView and complete
                    the wizard. You should now see <tt>BeanTreeView</tt> in the Palette. Drag it from
                    the Palette and drop it on the window.

                    <p><li>Create a factory class that will create a new <a href="http://bits.netbeans.org/dev/javadoc/org-netbeans-modules-db/org/netbeans/api/db/explorer/node/BaseNode.html">BeanNode</a>
                    for each customer in your database:

                    <pre class="examplecode">import demo.Customer;
import java.beans.IntrospectionException;
import java.util.List;
import org.openide.nodes.BeanNode;
import org.openide.nodes.ChildFactory;
import org.openide.nodes.Node;
import org.openide.util.Exceptions;

public class CustomerChildFactory extends ChildFactory&lt;Customer&gt; {

    private List&lt;Customer&gt; resultList;

    public CustomerChildFactory(List&lt;Customer&gt; resultList) {
        this.resultList = resultList;
    }

    @Override
    protected boolean createKeys(List&lt;Customer&gt; list) {
        for (Customer Customer : resultList) {
            list.add(Customer);
        }
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    protected Node createNodeForKey(Customer c) {
        try {
            return new BeanNode(c);
        } catch (IntrospectionException ex) {
            Exceptions.printStackTrace(ex);
            return null;
        }
    }

}</pre>
                    <p><li>Back in the <tt>CustomerViewerTopComponent</tt>,
                    use the <tt>ExplorerManager</tt> to pass the result list
                    from the JPA query in to the <tt>Node</tt>:

                    <pre class="examplecode">EntityManager entityManager =  Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("CustomerLibraryPU").createEntityManager();
Query query = entityManager.createQuery("SELECT c FROM Customer c");
List&lt;Customer&gt; resultList = query.getResultList();
<b>em.setRootContext(new AbstractNode(Children.create(new CustomerChildFactory(resultList), true)));</b>
//for (Customer c : resultList) {
//    jTextArea1.append(c.getName() + " (" + c.getCity() + ")" + "\n");
//}</pre>

                    <p><li>Run the application. Once the application is running,
                    open the Properties window. Notice that even though the data
                    is available, displayed in a <tt>BeanTreeView</tt>, the <tt>BeanTreeView</tt>
                    is not synchronized with the Properties window, which is available
                    via Window | Properties. In other words, nothing is displayed
                    in the Properties window when you move up and down the tree hierarchy.

                    <p><li>Synchronize the Properties window with the <tt>BeanTreeView</tt>
                    by adding the following to the constructor in the <tt>TopComponent</tt>:

                    <pre class="examplecode">associateLookup(ExplorerUtils.createLookup(em, getActionMap()));</pre>

                    <p>Here we add the <tt>TopComponent</tt>'s <tt>ActionMap</tt> and <tt>ExplorerManager</tt>
                        to the <tt>Lookup</tt> of the <tt>TopComponent</tt>. A side effect of this is
                        that the Properties window starts displaying the display name and tooltip text
                        of the selected <tt>Node</tt>.

                    <p><li>Run the application again and notice that the Properties window (available
                        from the Window menu) is now synchronized with the explorer view:

                    <p><img alt="synchronization" src="../../images/tutorials/crud/70/dbmanager-95a.png"/>

            </ol>
        </div>
        <p>Now you are able to view your data in a tree hierarchy, as you would
            be able to do with a <tt>JTree</tt>. However, you're also able to swap
            in a different explorer view without needing to change the model at all
            because the <tt>ExplorerManager</tt> mediates between the model and the
            view. Finally, you are now also able to synchronize the view with the
            Properties window.

        <h3 class="tutorial"><a name="update"></a>Update</h3>
        <p>In this section, you first create an editor. The editor will be provided
            by a new NetBeans module. So, you will first create a new module. Then, within
            that new module, you will create a new <tt>TopComponent</tt>, containing two <tt>JTextFields</tt>,
            for each of the columns you want to let the user edit. You will need to
            let the viewer module communicate with the editor module. Whenever a new
            <tt>Node</tt> is selected in the viewer module, you will add the current <tt>Customer</tt>
            object to the <tt>Lookup</tt>. In the editor module, you will listen to the
            <tt>Lookup</tt> for the introduction of <tt>Customer</tt> objects. Whenever a
            new <tt>Customer</tt> object is introduced into the <tt>Lookup</tt>, you will
            update the <tt>JTextFields</tt> in the editor.
        <p>Next, you will synchronize your <tt>JTextFields</tt>
            with the NetBeans Platform's Undo, Redo, and Save functionality. In other words,
            when the user makes changes to a <tt>JTextField</tt>, you want the
            NetBeans Platform's existing functionality to become available so that,
            instead of needing to create new functionality, you'll simply be able to
            hook into the NetBeans Platform's support. To
            this end, you will need to use the <tt>UndoRedoManager</tt>, together with the
            <tt>SaveCookie</tt>.
        <div class="indent">
            <ol>
                <li>Create a new module, named <tt>CustomerEditor</tt>, with <tt>org.shop.editor</tt> as
                    its code name base.
                    <p><li>Right-click the <tt>CustomerEditor</tt> module and choose New | Window.
                    Make sure to specify that the window should appear in the <tt>editor</tt> position and
                    that it should open when the application starts. In the final panel of the wizard,
                    set "CustomerEditor" as the class name prefix.
                    <p><li><p>Use the Palette (Ctrl-Shift-8) to add two <tt>JLabels</tt> and two <tt>JTextFields</tt>
                        to the new window. Set the texts of the labels to "Name" and "City" and
                        set the variable names of the two <tt>JTextFields</tt> to 
                        <tt>nameField</tt>
                        and <tt>cityField</tt>. In
                        the GUI Builder, the window should now look something like this:</p>

                    <p><img alt="designing the user interface" src="../../images/tutorials/crud/70/dbmanager-96.png"/></p>

                <li><p>Run the application and make sure that you see the following when the
                        application starts up:</p>

                    <p><img alt="running the new UI" src="../../images/tutorials/crud/70/dbmanager-97.png"/></p>


                <li><p>Now we can start adding some code.
                        Firstly, we need to show the currently selected Customer object in the editor:</p>
                    <ul>
                        <li>Start by tweaking the <tt>CustomerViewer</tt> module so that the current <tt>Customer</tt> object
                            is added to the viewer window's <tt>Lookup</tt> whenever a new <tt>Node</tt>
                            is selected. Do this by adding the
                            current <tt>Customer</tt> object to the <tt>Lookup</tt> of the Node,
                            as follows (note the parts in bold):

                            <pre class="examplecode">@Override
protected Node createNodeForKey(Customer c) {
    try {
        return <b>new CustomerBeanNode(c);</b>
    } catch (IntrospectionException ex) {
        Exceptions.printStackTrace(ex);
        return null;
    }
}

<b>private class CustomerBeanNode extends BeanNode {
    public CustomerBeanNode(Customer bean) throws IntrospectionException {
        super(bean, Children.LEAF, Lookups.singleton(bean));
    }
}</b></pre>

                            <p>Now, whenever a new <tt>Node</tt> is created, which
                                happens when the user selects a new customer in the viewer, a new
                                <tt>Customer</tt> object is added to the <tt>Lookup</tt> of the <tt>Node</tt>.

                            <p><li>Let's
                            now change the editor module in such a way that its window
                            will end up listening for <tt>Customer</tt> objects being added to the <tt>Lookup</tt>. First,
                            set a dependency in the editor module on the module that provides
                            the entity class, as well as the module that provides the persistence
                            JARs.

                            <p><li>Next, change the <tt>CustomerEditorTopComponent</tt> class signature
                            to implement <tt>LookupListener</tt>:

                            <pre class="examplecode">public final class CustomerEditorTopComponent extends TopComponent implements LookupListener</pre>

                            <p><li>Override the
                            <tt>resultChanged</tt> so that the <tt>JTextFields</tt> are updated whenever
                            a new <tt>Customer</tt> object is introduced into the <tt>Lookup</tt>:

                            <pre class="examplecode">@Override
public void resultChanged(LookupEvent lookupEvent) {
    Lookup.Result r = (Lookup.Result) lookupEvent.getSource();
    Collection&lt;Customer&gt; coll = r.allInstances();
    if (!coll.isEmpty()) {
        for (Customer cust : coll) {
            nameField.setText(cust.getName());
            cityField.setText(cust.getCity());
        }
    } else {
        nameField.setText("[no name]");
        cityField.setText("[no city]");
    }
}</pre>

                            <p><li>Now that the <tt>LookupListener</tt> is defined,
                            we need to add it to something. Here, we add it to
                            the <tt>Lookup.Result</tt> obtained from the global context.
                            The global context proxies the context of the selected <tt>Node</tt>.
                            For example, if "Ford Motor Co" is selected in the tree hierarchy,
                            the <tt>Customer</tt> object for "Ford Motor Co" is added to the <tt>Lookup</tt>
                            of the <tt>Node</tt> which, because it is the currently selected <tt>Node</tt>,
                            means that the <tt>Customer</tt> object for "Ford Motor Co" is now available in
                            the global context. That is what is then passed to the <tt>resultChanged</tt>,
                            causing the text fields to be populated.

                            <p>All of the above starts happening, i.e., the <tt>LookupListener</tt>
                                becomes active, whenever the editor window is opened, as you can see below:</p>

                            <pre class="examplecode">@Override
public void componentOpened() {
    result = Utilities.actionsGlobalContext().lookupResult(Customer.class);
    result.addLookupListener(this);
    resultChanged(new LookupEvent(result));
}

@Override
public void componentClosed() {
    result.removeLookupListener(this);
    result = null;
}</pre>

                            <p>Since the editor window is opened when the application starts, the
                                <tt>LookupListener</tt> is available at the time that the application starts up.

                            <p><li>Finally, declare the result variable at the top of the class, like this:

                            <pre class="examplecode">private Lookup.Result result = null;</pre>

                            <p><li>Run the application again and notice that the editor window
                            is updated whenever you select a new <tt>Node</tt>:

                            <p><img alt="updated editor window" src="../../images/tutorials/crud/70/dbmanager-98.png"/></p>

                            <p>However, note what happens when you switch the focus to the editor window:</p>

                            <p><img alt="switch focus" src="../../images/tutorials/crud/70/dbmanager-99.png"/></p>

                            <p>Because the <tt>Node</tt> is no longer current, the <tt>Customer</tt> object
                                is no longer in the global context. This is the case because, as pointed out
                                above, the global context proxies the <tt>Lookup</tt> of the current <tt>Node</tt>.
                                Therefore, in this case, we cannot use the global context. Instead, we will
                                use the local <tt>Lookup</tt> provided by the Customer window.</p>

                            <p>Rewrite this line:

<pre class="examplecode">result = Utilities.actionsGlobalContext().lookupResult(Customer.class);</pre>

                            <p>To this:</p>

<pre class="examplecode">result = WindowManager.getDefault().findTopComponent("CustomerViewerTopComponent").getLookup().lookupResult(Customer.class);</pre>

                            <p>The string "CustomerViewerTopComponent" is the ID of the <tt>CustomerViewerTopComponent</tt>, which
                                is a string constant that you can find in the source code of the <tt>CustomerViewerTopComponent</tt>.</p>
                            <p class="tips"> One
                                drawback of the approach above is that now our <tt>CustomerEditorTopComponent</tt> only works if it
                                can find a <tt>TopComponent</tt> with the ID "CustomerViewerTopComponent". Either this needs to
                                be explicitly documented, so that developers of alternative editors can know that they
                                need to identify the viewer <tt>TopComponent</tt> this way, or you need to rewrite the
                                selection model, <a href="http://weblogs.java.net/blog/timboudreau/archive/2007/01/how_to_replace.html">as described here</a> by Tim Boudreau.

                    </ul>
                <li>Secondly, let's work on the Undo/Redo functionality. What we'd
                    like to have happen is that whenever the user makes a change to one
                    of the <tt>JTextFields</tt>, the "Undo" button and the "Redo" button,
                    as well as the related menu items in the Edit menu, become enabled. To
                    that end, the NetBeans Platform makes the <a href="http://bits.netbeans.org/dev/javadoc/org-openide-awt/org/openide/awt/UndoRedo.Manager.html">UndoRedo.Manager</a> available.
                    <ul>
                        <li>Declare and instantiate a new <tt>UndoRedoManager</tt> at the top of the
                            <tt>CustomerEditorTopComponent</tt>:

                            <pre class="examplecode">private UndoRedo.Manager manager = new UndoRedo.Manager();</pre>

                            <p><li>Next, override the <tt>getUndoRedo()</tt> method in the <tt>CustomerEditorTopComponent</tt>:

                            <pre class="examplecode">@Override
public UndoRedo getUndoRedo() {
    return manager;
}</pre>

                            <p><li>In the constructor of the <tt>CustomerEditorTopComponent</tt>, add
                            a <tt>KeyListener</tt> to the <tt>JTextFields</tt> and, within
                            the related methods that you need to implement, add the <tt>UndoRedoListeners</tt>:

                            <pre class="examplecode">nameField.getDocument().addUndoableEditListener(manager);
cityField.getDocument().addUndoableEditListener(manager);
                            </pre>

                            <p><li>Run the application and try out the Undo and Redo features,
                            the buttons as well as the menu items. The functionality works exactly as you would expect:</p> 
                            <p><img alt="updated editor window" src="../../images/tutorials/crud/70/dbmanager-99a.png"/>
                                
                                <p class="tips"> You might want to
                            change the <tt>KeyListener</tt> so that not ALL keys cause the undo/redo
                            functionality to be enabled. For example, when Enter is pressed, you probably
                            do not want the undo/redo functionality to become available. Therefore, tweak
                            the code above to suit your business requirements.</p>

                            </li>
                    </ul>
                <li>Thirdly, we need to
                    integrate with the NetBeans Platform's Save functionality:
                    <ul>
                            <li>Set dependencies on the Dialogs API and the Nodes API.

                            <p><li>In the <tt>CustomerEditorTopComponent</tt> constructor, add a
                            call to fire a method (which will be defined in the next step)
                            whenever a change is detected:

                            <pre class="examplecode">    private final InstanceContent content;
    private final CustomerSaveCapability impl;

    public CustomerEditorTopComponent() {

        ...
        ...
        ...

        nameField.getDocument().addDocumentListener(new DocumentListener() {
            public void insertUpdate(DocumentEvent arg0) {
                fire(true);
            }
            public void removeUpdate(DocumentEvent arg0) {
                fire(true);
            }
            public void changedUpdate(DocumentEvent arg0) {
                fire(true);
            }
        });

        cityField.getDocument().addDocumentListener(new DocumentListener() {
            public void insertUpdate(DocumentEvent arg0) {
                fire(true);
            }
            public void removeUpdate(DocumentEvent arg0) {
                fire(true);
            }
            public void changedUpdate(DocumentEvent arg0) {
                fire(true);
            }
        });

        //Create a new instance of our SaveCookie implementation:
        impl = new CustomerSaveCapability();

        //Create a new instance of our dynamic object:
        content = new InstanceContent();

        //Add the dynamic object to the TopComponent Lookup:
        associateLookup(new AbstractLookup(content));

    }

    ...
    ...
    ...
                            </pre>

                            <p><li>Here is the method and inner class referred to above. First, the method
                            that is fired whenever a change is detected. Then, an implementation of
                            the <tt>SaveCookie</tt> from the Nodes API is dynamically added to the <tt>InstanceContent</tt>
                            whenever a change is detected:

                            <pre class="examplecode">public void fire(boolean modified) {
    if (modified) {
        //If the text is modified,
        //we add SaveCookie impl to Lookup:
        content.add(impl);
    } else {
        //Otherwise, we remove the SaveCookie impl from the lookup:
        content.remove(impl);
    }
}

private class CustomerSaveCapability implements SaveCookie {

    @Override
    public void save() throws IOException {

       Confirmation message = new NotifyDescriptor.Confirmation("Do you want to save \""
                + nameField.getText() + " (" + cityField.getText() + ")\"?",
                NotifyDescriptor.OK_CANCEL_OPTION,
                NotifyDescriptor.QUESTION_MESSAGE);

        Object result = DialogDisplayer.getDefault().notify(message);
        //When user clicks "Yes", indicating they really want to save,
        //we need to disable the Save action,
        //so that it will only be usable when the next change is made
        //to the JTextArea:
        if (NotifyDescriptor.YES_OPTION.equals(result)) {
            fire(false);
            //Implement your save functionality here.
        }
    }

}

                            </pre>
                            <p><li>Run the application and notice the enablement/disablement of the
                            Save menu item.

                            <p><img alt="enabled save button" src="../../images/tutorials/crud/70/dbmanager-99c.png"/></p>
 <p class="tips"> Do not confuse the "Save All" button and menu item with the "Save" button
      and menu item. In this tutorial, we're focusing on the "Save" action, which by default is invoked
      from the File menu. If needed, you can tweak the central registry to register the Save action
      so that it is displayed in the toolbar.</p>
                            <p class="tips"> Right now, nothing happens when you click OK in the "Question" dialog
                                above. In the next step, we add some JPA code for handling persistence of
                                our changes.

                            <p><li>Next, we add JPA code for persisting our change.
                            Do so by replacing the comment "//Implement your save functionality here."
                            The comment should be replaced by all of the following:

                            <pre class="examplecode">EntityManager entityManager = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("CustomerLibraryPU").createEntityManager();
entityManager.getTransaction().begin();
Customer c = entityManager.find(Customer.class, customer.getCustomerId());
c.setName(nameField.getText());
c.setCity(cityField.getText());
entityManager.getTransaction().commit();</pre>

                            <p class="tips"> The "customer" in <tt>customer.getCustomerId()()</tt> is currently undefined. Add the line
                                in bold in the <tt>resultChanged</tt> below, after declaring <tt>Customer customer;</tt> at the top
                                of the class, so that the current <tt>Customer</tt> object sets the <tt>customer</tt>,
                                which is then used in the persistence code above to obtain the ID of
                                the current <tt>Customer</tt> object.

                            <pre class="examplecode">@Override
public void resultChanged(LookupEvent lookupEvent) {
    Lookup.Result r = (Lookup.Result) lookupEvent.getSource();
    Collection&lt;Customer&gt; c = r.allInstances();
    if (!c.isEmpty()) {
        for (Customer customer : c) {
            <b>customer = cust;</b>
            nameField.setText(customer.getName());
            cityField.setText(customer.getCity());
        }
    } else {
        nameField.setText("[no name]");
        cityField.setText("[no city]");
    }
}</pre>

                            <p><li><p>Run the application and change some data. Currently, we have no "Refresh"
                            functionality (that will be added in the next step) so, to see the changed data, restart the application.</p></li>

                    </ul>


                <li>Fourthly, we need to
                    add functionality for refreshing the Customer viewer. You might want to
                    add a <tt>Timer</tt> which periodically refreshes the viewer.
                    However, in this example, we will add
                    a "Refresh" menu item to the Root node so that the user will be able
                    to manually refresh the viewer.
                    <ul>
                        <li>In the main package of the <tt>CustomerViewer</tt> module,
                            create a new <tt>Node</tt>, which will replace the <tt>AbstractNode</tt>
                            that we are currently using as the root of the children in the
                            viewer. Note that we also bind all actions in the "Actions/Customer" folder
                            to the context menu of our
                            new root node.

                            <pre class="examplecode">import java.util.List;
import javax.swing.Action;
import org.openide.nodes.AbstractNode;
import org.openide.nodes.Children;
import org.openide.util.NbBundle.Messages;
import org.openide.util.Utilities;
import static org.shop.viewer.Bundle.*;

public class CustomerRootNode extends AbstractNode {

    @Messages("CTRL_RootName=Root")
    public CustomerRootNode(Children kids) {
        super(kids);
        setDisplayName(CTRL_RootName());
    }

    @Override
    public Action[] getActions(boolean context) {
        List<? extends Action> actionsForCustomer = Utilities.actionsForPath("Actions/Customer");
        return actionsForCustomer.toArray(new Action[actionsForCustomer.size()]);
    }

}</pre>
                            
                            <p><li>Then create a new Java class and register a refresh Action in the
                                 "Actions/Customer" folder, which means it will appear in the
                                 context menu of the root node that you created above:</p>
                                 
<pre class="java">import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import org.openide.awt.ActionID;
import org.openide.awt.ActionRegistration;
import org.openide.util.NbBundle.Messages;

@ActionID(id="org.shop.viewer.CustomerRootRefreshAction", category="Customer")
@ActionRegistration(displayName="#CTL_CustomerRootRefreshAction")
@Messages("CTL_CustomerRootRefreshAction=Refresh")
public class CustomerRootRefreshAction implements ActionListener {

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        CustomerViewerTopComponent.refreshNode();
    }
    
}</pre>
                                 

                            <p><li>Add this method to the <tt>CustomerViewerTopComponent</tt>, for refreshing
                            the view:

                            <pre class="examplecode">public static void refreshNode() {
    EntityManager entityManager = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("CustomerLibraryPU").createEntityManager();
    Query query = entityManager.createQuery("SELECT c FROM Customer c");
    List&lt;Customer&gt; resultList = query.getResultList();
    em.setRootContext(new <b>CustomerRootNode</b>(Children.create(new CustomerChildFactory(resultList), true)));
} </pre>


                            <p class="tips"> Now replace the code above in the constructor
                                of the <tt>CustomerViewerTopComponent</tt> with a call to the above. As
                                you can see in the highlighted part above, we are now using our <tt>CustomerRootNode</tt> instead
                                of the <tt>AbstractNode</tt>. The <tt>CustomerRootNode</tt> includes
                                the "Refresh" action, which calls the code above.

                            <p><li>In your save functionality, add the call to the method above so that,
                            whenever data is saved, an automatic refresh takes place. You can
                            take different approaches when implementing this extension to
                            the save functionality. For example, you might want to create a
                            new module that contains the refresh action. That module would
                            then be shared between the viewer module and the editor module,
                            providing functionality that is common to both.

                            <p><li>Run the application again and notice that you have a new root node,
                            with a "Refresh" action.

        <p><img alt="the final state of the application" src="../../images/tutorials/crud/70/dbmanager-99d.png"/> </p>

                            <p><li>Make a change to some data, save it, invoke the Refresh action, and notice
                                that the viewer is updated.

                    </ul>
            </ol>
        </div>
        <p>You have now learned how to let the NetBeans Platform handle changes
            to the <tt>JTextFields</tt>. Whenever the text changes, the NetBeans
            Platform Undo and Redo buttons are enabled or disabled. Also, the
            Save button is enabled and disabled correctly, letting the user
            save changed data back to the database.

        <h3 class="tutorial"><a name="create"></a>Create</h3>
        <p>In this section, you allow the user to create a new entry in the database.
        <div class="indent">
            <ol>
                <li>In the <tt>CustomerEditor</tt>
                    module create a new Java class named "CustomerNewAction". Let
                    the <tt>TopComponent</tt> be opened via this Action,
                    together with emptied <tt>JTextFields</tt>:

                    <pre class="examplecode">import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import org.openide.awt.ActionID;
import org.openide.awt.ActionRegistration;
import org.openide.util.NbBundle.Messages;
import org.openide.windows.WindowManager;

@ActionID(id="org.shop.editor.CustomerNewAction", category="File")
@ActionRegistration(displayName="#CTL_CustomerNewAction")
@Messages("CTL_CustomerNewAction=Refresh")
public final class CustomerNewAction implements ActionListener {

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        CustomerEditorTopComponent tc = (CustomerEditorTopComponent) WindowManager.getDefault().findTopComponent("CustomerEditorTopComponent");
        tc.resetFields();
        tc.open();
        tc.requestActive();
    }

}</pre>

                    <p>In the <tt>CustomerEditorTopComponent</tt>, add the following method for resetting
                        the <tt>JTextFields</tt> and creating a new <tt>Customer</tt> object:

                    <pre class="examplecode">public void resetFields() {
    customer = new Customer();
    nameField.setText("");
    cityField.setText("");
}</pre>

                    <p><li>In the <tt>SaveCookie</tt>, ensure that a return of <tt>null</tt>
                    indicates that a new entry is saved, instead of an existing entry
                    being updated:

                    <pre>public void save() throws IOException {

    Confirmation message = new NotifyDescriptor.Confirmation("Do you want to save \""
                    + nameField.getText() + " (" + cityField.getText() + ")\"?",
                    NotifyDescriptor.OK_CANCEL_OPTION,
                    NotifyDescriptor.QUESTION_MESSAGE);

    Object result = DialogDisplayer.getDefault().notify(msg);

    //When user clicks "Yes", indicating they really want to save,
    //we need to disable the Save button and Save menu item,
    //so that it will only be usable when the next change is made
    //to the text field:
    if (NotifyDescriptor.YES_OPTION.equals(result)) {
        fire(false);
        EntityManager entityManager = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("CustomerLibraryPU").createEntityManager();
        entityManager.getTransaction().begin();
        <b>if (customer.getCustomerId() != null)</b> {
            Customer c = entityManager.find(Customer.class, cude.getCustomerId());
            c.setName(nameField.getText());
            c.setCity(cityField.getText());
            entityManager.getTransaction().commit();
        } else {
            <b>Query query = entityManager.createQuery("SELECT c FROM Customer c");
            List&lt;Customer&gt; resultList = query.getResultList();
            customer.setCustomerId(resultList.size()+1);
            customer.setName(nameField.getText());
            customer.setCity(cityField.getText());
            //add more fields that will populate all the other columns in the table!
            entityManager.persist(customer);
            entityManager.getTransaction().commit();</b>
        }
    }

}</pre>

                    <p><li>Run the application again and add a new customer to the database.

            </ol>
        </div>

        <h3 class="tutorial"><a name="delete"></a>Delete</h3>
        <p>In this section, let the user delete a selected entry in the database. Using
            the concepts and code outlined above, implement the Delete action yourself.
        <div class="indent">
            <ol>
                <li>Create a new action, <tt>DeleteAction</tt>. Decide whether you
                    want to bind it to a Customer node or whether you'd rather bind it
                    to the toolbar, the menu bar, keyboard shortcut, or combinations of
                    these. Depending on where you want to bind
                    it, you will need to use a different approach in your code. Read the
                    tutorial again for help, especially by looking at how the "New" action
                    was created, while comparing it to the "Refresh" action on the root
                    node.
                    <p><li>Get the current <tt>Customer</tt> object, return an 'Are you sure?' dialog,
                    and then delete the entry. For help on this point, read the tutorial
                    again, focusing on the part where the "Save" functionality is implemented.
                    Instead of saving, you now want to delete an entry from the database.
            </ol>
        </div>

        <!-- ======================================================================================== -->


        <h2><a name="nextsteps"></a>Further Reading</h2>
        <p>This concludes the NetBeans Platform CRUD Tutorial. This document has described
            how to create a new NetBeans Platform application with CRUD functionality for
            a given database.</p>
        <p>A problem with the design of the application you created in this tutorial
            is that the data access code is embedded within the user interface.
            For example, the calls to the <code>EntityManager</code> for persisting
            changes are found within the <code>TopComponent</code>. To work towards
            an architecture that enables a clean separation between data access code
            and the user interface, see this series of articles:</p>
        <div class="indent">
            <ul>
                <li><a href="http://netbeans.dzone.com/loosely-coupled-reloadable-capabilities">Loosely Coupled Reloadable Capabilities for CRUD Applications</a>
                <li><a href="http://netbeans.dzone.com/loosely-coupled-saveable-capabilities">Loosely Coupled Saveable Capabilities for CRUD Applications</a>
                <li><a href="http://netbeans.dzone.com/loosely-coupled-creatable-capabilities">Loosely Coupled Creatable Capabilities for CRUD Applications</a>
                <li><a href="http://netbeans.dzone.com/loosely-coupled-deletable-capabilities">Loosely Coupled Deletable Capabilities for CRUD Applications</a>
                <li><a href="http://netbeans.dzone.com/loosely-coupled-data-layers">Loosely Coupled Data Layers for CRUD Applications</a>
            </ul>
        </div>
        <p>For information on embedding a database in a NetBeans Platform application,
             see <a href="http://blogs.oracle.com/geertjan/entry/embedded_database_for_netbeans_platform">Embedded Database for NetBeans Platform CRUD Tutorial </a>.
        <p>For more information about creating and developing applications, see the following resources:
        <div class="indent">

            <ul>
                <li><a href="https://netbeans.org/kb/trails/platform.html">NetBeans Platform Learning Trail</a></li>
                <li><a href="http://bits.netbeans.org/dev/javadoc/">NetBeans API Javadoc</a></li>
            </ul>
        </div>

        <!-- ======================================================================================== -->

    </body>
</html>