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| <div class="section" id="bsp-porting"> |
| <h1>BSP Porting<a class="headerlink" href="#bsp-porting" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1> |
| <div class="contents local topic" id="contents"> |
| <ul class="simple"> |
| <li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#introduction" id="id1">Introduction</a></p></li> |
| <li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#download-the-bsp-package-template" id="id2">Download the BSP package template</a></p></li> |
| <li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#create-a-set-of-mynewt-targets" id="id3">Create a set of Mynewt targets</a></p></li> |
| <li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#fill-in-the-bsp-yml-file" id="id4">Fill in the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bsp.yml</span></code> file</a></p></li> |
| <li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#flash-map" id="id5">Flash map</a></p></li> |
| <li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#add-the-mcu-dependency-to-pkg-yml" id="id6">Add the MCU dependency to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pkg.yml</span></code></a></p></li> |
| <li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#check-the-bsp-linker-scripts" id="id7">Check the BSP linker scripts</a></p></li> |
| <li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#copy-the-download-and-debug-scripts" id="id8">Copy the download and debug scripts</a></p></li> |
| <li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#fill-in-bsp-functions-and-defines" id="id9">Fill in BSP functions and defines</a></p></li> |
| <li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#add-startup-code" id="id10">Add startup code</a></p></li> |
| <li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#satisfy-mcu-requirements" id="id11">Satisfy MCU requirements</a></p></li> |
| <li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#test-it" id="id12">Test it</a></p></li> |
| <li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#appendix-a-bsp-files" id="id13">Appendix A: BSP files</a></p></li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="introduction"> |
| <h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id1">Introduction</a><a class="headerlink" href="#introduction" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> |
| <p>The Apache Mynewt core repo contains support for several different boards. For each supported board, there is a Board |
| Support Package (BSP) package in the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">hw/bsp</span></code> directory. If there isn’t a BSP package for your hardware, then you will need to make one |
| yourself. This document describes the process of creating a BSP package from scratch.</p> |
| <p>While creating your BSP package, the following documents will probably come in handy:</p> |
| <ul class="simple"> |
| <li><p>The datasheet for the MCU you have chosen.</p></li> |
| <li><p>The schematic of your board.</p></li> |
| <li><p>The information on the CPU core within your MCU if it is not included in your MCU documentation.</p></li> |
| </ul> |
| <p>This document is applicable to any hardware, but it will often make reference to a specific board as an example. Our |
| example BSP has the following properties:</p> |
| <ul class="simple"> |
| <li><p><strong>Name:</strong> <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">hw/bsp/myboard</span></code></p></li> |
| <li><p><strong>MCU:</strong> Nordic nRF52</p></li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="download-the-bsp-package-template"> |
| <h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">Download the BSP package template</a><a class="headerlink" href="#download-the-bsp-package-template" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> |
| <p>We start by downloading a BSP package template. This template will serve as a good starting point for our new BSP.</p> |
| <p>Execute the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">newt</span> <span class="pre">pkg</span> <span class="pre">new</span></code> command, as below:</p> |
| <div class="highlight-console notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">$ </span>newt<span class="w"> </span>pkg<span class="w"> </span>new<span class="w"> </span>-t<span class="w"> </span>bsp<span class="w"> </span>hw/bsp/myboard |
| <span class="go">Download package template for package type bsp.</span> |
| <span class="go">Package successfuly installed into /home/me/myproj/hw/bsp/myboard.</span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| <p>Our new package has the following file structure:</p> |
| <div class="highlight-console notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">$ </span>tree<span class="w"> </span>hw/bsp/myboard |
| <span class="go">hw/bsp/myboard</span> |
| <span class="go">├── README.md</span> |
| <span class="go">├── boot-myboard.ld</span> |
| <span class="go">├── bsp.yml</span> |
| <span class="go">├── include</span> |
| <span class="go">│ └── myboard</span> |
| <span class="go">│ └── bsp.h</span> |
| <span class="go">├── myboard.ld</span> |
| <span class="go">├── myboard_debug.sh</span> |
| <span class="go">├── myboard_download.sh</span> |
| <span class="go">├── pkg.yml</span> |
| <span class="go">├── src</span> |
| <span class="go">│ ├── hal_bsp.c</span> |
| <span class="go">│ └── sbrk.c</span> |
| <span class="go">└── syscfg.yml</span> |
| |
| <span class="go">3 directories, 11 files</span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| <p>We will be adding to this package throughout the remainder of this document. See <a class="reference internal" href="#appendix-a-bsp-files">Appendix A: BSP files</a> for a full |
| list of files typically found in a BSP package.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="create-a-set-of-mynewt-targets"> |
| <h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id3">Create a set of Mynewt targets</a><a class="headerlink" href="#create-a-set-of-mynewt-targets" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> |
| <p>We’ll need two <a class="reference internal" href="../../../concepts.html#mynewt-target"><span class="std std-ref">targets</span></a> to test our BSP as we go:</p> |
| <ol class="arabic simple"> |
| <li><p>Boot loader</p></li> |
| <li><p>Application</p></li> |
| </ol> |
| <p>A minimal application is best, since we are just interested in getting the BSP up and running. A good app for our |
| purposes is <a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/blinky/blinky.html"><span class="doc">blinky</span></a>.</p> |
| <p>We create our targets with the following set of newt commands:</p> |
| <div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>newt target create boot-myboard && |
| newt target set boot-myboard app=@mcuboot/boot/mynewt \ |
| bsp=hw/bsp/myboard \ |
| build_profile=optimized |
| |
| newt target create blinky-myboard && |
| newt target set blinky-myboard app=apps/blinky \ |
| bsp=hw/bsp/myboard \ |
| build_profile=debug |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| <p>Which generates the following output:</p> |
| <div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>Target targets/boot-myboard successfully created |
| Target targets/boot-myboard successfully set target.app to @mcuboot/boot/mynewt |
| Target targets/boot-myboard successfully set target.bsp to hw/bsp/myboard |
| Target targets/boot-myboard successfully set target.build_profile to debug |
| Target targets/blinky-myboard successfully created |
| Target targets/blinky-myboard successfully set target.app to apps/blinky |
| Target targets/blinky-myboard successfully set target.bsp to hw/bsp/myboard |
| Target targets/blinky-myboard successfully set target.build_profile to debug |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="fill-in-the-bsp-yml-file"> |
| <h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id4">Fill in the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bsp.yml</span></code> file</a><a class="headerlink" href="#fill-in-the-bsp-yml-file" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> |
| <p>The template <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">hw/bsp/myboard/bsp.yml</span></code> file is missing some values that need to be added. It also assumes certain |
| information that may not be appropriate for your BSP. We need to get this file into a usable state.</p> |
| <p>Missing fields are indicated by the presence of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">XXX</span></code> markers. Here are the first several lines of our <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bsp.yml</span></code> |
| file where all the incomplete fields are located:</p> |
| <div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>bsp.arch: # XXX <MCU-architecture> |
| bsp.compiler: # XXX <compiler-package> |
| bsp.linkerscript: |
| - 'hw/bsp/myboard/myboard.ld' |
| # - XXX mcu-linker-script |
| bsp.linkerscript.BOOT_LOADER.OVERWRITE: |
| - 'hw/bsp/myboard/myboard/boot-myboard.ld' |
| # - XXX mcu-linker-script |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| <p>So we need to specify the following:</p> |
| <ul class="simple"> |
| <li><p>MCU architecture</p></li> |
| <li><p>Compiler package</p></li> |
| <li><p>MCU linker script</p></li> |
| </ul> |
| <p>Our example BSP uses an nRF52 MCU, which implements the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cortex_m4</span></code> architecture. We use this information to fill in |
| the incomplete fields:</p> |
| <div class="highlight-yaml notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="hll"><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">bsp.arch</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">cortex_m4</span> |
| </span><span class="hll"><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">bsp.compiler</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">'@apache-mynewt-core/compiler/arm-none-eabi-m4'</span> |
| </span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">bsp.linkerscript</span><span class="p">:</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">'hw/bsp/myboard/myboard.ld'</span> |
| <span class="hll"><span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">'@apache-mynewt-core/hw/mcu/nordic/nrf52xxx/nrf52.ld'</span> |
| </span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">bsp.linkerscript.BOOT_LOADER.OVERWRITE</span><span class="p">:</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">'hw/bsp/myboard/boot-myboard.ld'</span> |
| <span class="hll"><span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">'@apache-mynewt-core/hw/mcu/nordic/nrf52xxx/nrf52.ld'</span> |
| </span></pre></div> |
| </div> |
| <p>Naturally, these values must be adjusted accordingly for other MCU types.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="flash-map"> |
| <h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id5">Flash map</a><a class="headerlink" href="#flash-map" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> |
| <p>At the bottom of the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bsp.yml</span></code> file is the flash map. The flash map partitions the BSP’s flash memory into sections |
| called areas. Flash areas are further categorized into two types: 1) system areas, and 2) user areas. These two area |
| types are defined below.</p> |
| <p><strong>System areas</strong></p> |
| <ul class="simple"> |
| <li><p>Used by Mynewt core components.</p></li> |
| <li><p>BSP support is mandatory in most cases.</p></li> |
| <li><p>Use reserved names.</p></li> |
| </ul> |
| <p><strong>User areas</strong></p> |
| <ul class="simple"> |
| <li><p>Used by application code and supplementary libraries.</p></li> |
| <li><p>Identified by user-assigned names.</p></li> |
| <li><p>Have unique user-assigned numeric identifiers for access by C code.</p></li> |
| </ul> |
| <p>The flash map in the template <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bsp.yml</span></code> file is suitable for an MCU with 512kB of internal flash. You may need to |
| adjust the area offsets and sizes if your BSP does not have 512kB of internal flash.</p> |
| <p>The system flash areas are briefly described below:</p> |
| <table class="docutils align-default"> |
| <colgroup> |
| <col style="width: 36%" /> |
| <col style="width: 64%" /> |
| </colgroup> |
| <thead> |
| <tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>Flash area</p></th> |
| <th class="head"><p>Description</p></th> |
| </tr> |
| </thead> |
| <tbody> |
| <tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">FLASH_AREA_BOOTLOADER</span></code></p></td> |
| <td><p>Contains the Mynewt boot loader.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">FLASH_AREA_IMAGE_0</span></code></p></td> |
| <td><p>Contains the active Mynewt application image.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">FLASH_AREA_IMAGE_1</span></code></p></td> |
| <td><p>Contains the secondary image; used for image upgrade.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">FLASH_AREA_IMAGE_SCRATCH</span></code></p></td> |
| <td><p>Used by the boot loader during image swap.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| </tbody> |
| </table> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="add-the-mcu-dependency-to-pkg-yml"> |
| <h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id6">Add the MCU dependency to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pkg.yml</span></code></a><a class="headerlink" href="#add-the-mcu-dependency-to-pkg-yml" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> |
| <p>A package’s dependencies are listed in its <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pkg.yml</span></code> file. A BSP package always depends on its corresponding MCU |
| package, so let’s add that dependency to our BSP now. The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pkg.deps</span></code> section of our <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">hw/bsp/myboard/pkg.yml</span></code> file |
| currently looks like this:</p> |
| <div class="highlight-yaml notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nt">pkg.deps</span><span class="p">:</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># - XXX <MCU-package></span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">'@apache-mynewt-core/kernel/os'</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">'@apache-mynewt-core/libc/baselibc'</span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| <p>Continuing with our example nRF52 BSP, we replace the marked line as follows:</p> |
| <div class="highlight-yaml notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">pkg.deps</span><span class="p">:</span> |
| <span class="hll"><span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">'@apache-mynewt-core/hw/mcu/nordic/nrf52xxx'</span> |
| </span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">'@apache-mynewt-core/kernel/os'</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">'@apache-mynewt-core/libc/baselibc'</span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| <p>Again, the particulars depend on the MCU that your BSP uses.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="check-the-bsp-linker-scripts"> |
| <h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id7">Check the BSP linker scripts</a><a class="headerlink" href="#check-the-bsp-linker-scripts" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> |
| <p>Linker scripts are a key component of the BSP package. They specify how code and data are arranged in the MCU’s memory. |
| Our BSP package contains two linker scripts:</p> |
| <table class="docutils align-default"> |
| <colgroup> |
| <col style="width: 32%" /> |
| <col style="width: 68%" /> |
| </colgroup> |
| <thead> |
| <tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p><strong>Filename</strong></p></th> |
| <th class="head"><p><strong>Description</strong></p></th> |
| </tr> |
| </thead> |
| <tbody> |
| <tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">myboard.ld</span></code></p></td> |
| <td><p>Linker script for Mynewt application images.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">boot-myboard.ld</span></code></p></td> |
| <td><p>Linker script for the Mynewt boot loader.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| </tbody> |
| </table> |
| <p>First, we will deal with the application linker script. You may have noticed that the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bsp.linkerscript</span></code> item in |
| <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bsp.yml</span></code> actually specifies two linker scripts:</p> |
| <ul class="simple"> |
| <li><p>BSP linker script (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">hw/bsp/myboard.ld</span></code>)</p></li> |
| <li><p>MCU linker script (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">@apache-mynewt-core/hw/mcu/nordic/nrf52xxx/nrf52.ld</span></code>)</p></li> |
| </ul> |
| <p>Both linker scripts get used in combination when you build a Mynewt image. Typically, all the complexity is isolated to |
| the MCU linker script, while the BSP linker script just contains minimal size and offset information. This makes the job |
| of creating a BSPpackage much simpler.</p> |
| <p>Our <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">myboard.ld</span></code> file has the following contents:</p> |
| <div class="highlight-c notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">MEMORY</span> |
| <span class="p">{</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">FLASH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">rx</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ORIGIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">0x00008000</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">LENGTH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">0x3a000</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">RAM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">rwx</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ORIGIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">0x20000000</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">LENGTH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">0x10000</span> |
| <span class="p">}</span> |
| |
| <span class="cm">/* This linker script is used for images and thus contains an image header */</span> |
| <span class="n">_imghdr_size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">0x20</span><span class="p">;</span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| <p>Our task is to ensure the offset (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ORIGIN</span></code>) and size (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LENGTH</span></code>) values are correct for the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">FLASH</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">RAM</span></code> |
| regions. Note that the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">FLASH</span></code> region does not specify the board’s entire internal flash; it only describes the area |
| of the flash dedicated to containing the running Mynewt image. The bounds of the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">FLASH</span></code> region should match those of |
| the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">FLASH_AREA_IMAGE_0</span></code> area in the BSP’s flash map.</p> |
| <p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_imghdr_size</span></code> is always <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0x20</span></code>, so it can remain unchanged.</p> |
| <p>The second linker script, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">boot-myboard.ld</span></code>, is quite similar to the first. The important difference is the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">FLASH</span></code> |
| region: it describes the area of flash which contains the boot loader rather than an image. The bounds of this region |
| should match those of the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">FLASH_AREA_BOOTLOADER</span></code> area in the BSP’s flash map. For more information about the Mynewt |
| boot loader, see <a class="reference internal" href="../../modules/bootloader/bootloader.html"><span class="doc">this page</span></a>.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="copy-the-download-and-debug-scripts"> |
| <h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id8">Copy the download and debug scripts</a><a class="headerlink" href="#copy-the-download-and-debug-scripts" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> |
| <p>The newt command line tool uses a set of scripts to load and run Mynewt images. It is the BSP package that provides |
| these scripts.</p> |
| <p>As with the linker scripts, most of the work done by the download and debug scripts is isolated to the MCU package. The |
| BSP scripts are quite simple, and you can likely get away with just copying them from another BSP. The template |
| <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">myboard_debug.sh</span></code> script indicates which BSP to copy from:</p> |
| <div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="ch">#!/bin/sh</span> |
| |
| <span class="c1"># This script attaches a gdb session to a Mynewt image running on your BSP.</span> |
| |
| <span class="c1"># If your BSP uses JLink, a good example script to copy is:</span> |
| <span class="c1"># repos/apache-mynewt-core/hw/bsp/nordic_pca10040/nordic_pca10040_debug.sh</span> |
| <span class="c1">#</span> |
| <span class="c1"># If your BSP uses OpenOCD, a good example script to copy is:</span> |
| <span class="c1"># repos/apache-mynewt-core/hw/bsp/rb-nano2/rb-nano2_debug.sh</span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| <p>Our example Nordic nRF52 BSP uses JLink, so we will copy the Nordic PCA10040 (nRF52 DK) BSP’s scripts:</p> |
| <div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>cp repos/apache-mynewt-core/hw/bsp/nordic_pca10040/nordic_pca10040_debug.sh hw/bsp/myboard/myboard_debug.sh |
| cp repos/apache-mynewt-core/hw/bsp/nordic_pca10040/nordic_pca10040_download.sh hw/bsp/myboard/myboard_download.sh |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="fill-in-bsp-functions-and-defines"> |
| <h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id9">Fill in BSP functions and defines</a><a class="headerlink" href="#fill-in-bsp-functions-and-defines" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> |
| <p>There are a few particulars missing from the BSP’s C code. These areas are marked with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">XXX</span></code> comments to make them |
| easier to spot. The missing pieces are summarized in the table below:</p> |
| <table class="docutils align-default"> |
| <colgroup> |
| <col style="width: 14%" /> |
| <col style="width: 53%" /> |
| <col style="width: 34%" /> |
| </colgroup> |
| <thead> |
| <tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>File</p></th> |
| <th class="head"><p>Description</p></th> |
| <th class="head"><p>Notes</p></th> |
| </tr> |
| </thead> |
| <tbody> |
| <tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">src/hal_bsp.c</span></code></p></td> |
| <td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">hal_bsp_flash_dev()</span></code> needs to return a pointer to the MCU’s flash object when <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">id</span> <span class="pre">==</span> <span class="pre">0</span></code>.</p></td> |
| <td><p>The flash object is defined in MCU’s <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">hal_flash.c</span></code> file.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">include/bsp/bsp.h</span></code></p></td> |
| <td><p>Define <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LED_BLINK_PIN</span></code> to the pin number of the BSP’s primary LED.</p></td> |
| <td><p>Required by the blinky application.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| </tbody> |
| </table> |
| <p>For our nRF52 BSP, we modify these files as follows:</p> |
| <p><strong>src/hal_bsp.c:</strong></p> |
| <div class="highlight-c notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="hll"><span class="w"> </span><span class="cp">#include</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cpf">"mcu/nrf52_hal.h"</span> |
| </span></pre></div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="highlight-c notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">hal_flash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hal_bsp_flash_dev</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">uint8_t</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">id</span><span class="p">)</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">switch</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">id</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">case</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">:</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* MCU internal flash. */</span> |
| <span class="hll"><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="n">nrf52k_flash_dev</span><span class="p">;</span> |
| </span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">default</span><span class="o">:</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* External flash. Assume not present in this BSP. */</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">;</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| <p><strong>include/bsp/bsp.h:</strong></p> |
| <div class="highlight-c notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cp">#define RAM_SIZE 0x10000</span> |
| |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Put additional BSP definitions here. */</span> |
| |
| <span class="hll"><span class="w"> </span><span class="cp">#define LED_BLINK_PIN 17</span> |
| </span></pre></div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="add-startup-code"> |
| <h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id10">Add startup code</a><a class="headerlink" href="#add-startup-code" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> |
| <p>Now we need to add the BSP’s assembly startup code. Among other things, this is the code that gets executed immediately |
| on power up, before the Mynewt OS is running. This code must perform a few basic tasks:</p> |
| <ul class="simple"> |
| <li><p>Assign labels to memory region boundaries.</p></li> |
| <li><p>Define some interrupt request handlers.</p></li> |
| <li><p>Define the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Reset_Handler</span></code> function, which:</p> |
| <ul> |
| <li><p>Zeroes the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.bss</span></code> section.</p></li> |
| <li><p>Copies static data from the image to the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.data</span></code> section.</p></li> |
| <li><p>Starts the Mynewt OS.</p></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| <p>This file is named according to the following pattern: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">hw/bsp/myboard/src/arch/<ARCH>/gcc_startup_<MCU>.s</span></code></p> |
| <p>The best approach for creating this file is to copy from other BSPs. If there is another BSP that uses the same MCU, you |
| might be able to use most or all of its startup file.</p> |
| <p>For our example BSP, we’ll just copy the Nordic PCA10040 (nRF52 DK) BSP’s startup code:</p> |
| <div class="highlight-console notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">$ </span>mkdir<span class="w"> </span>-p<span class="w"> </span>hw/bsp/myboard/src/arch/cortex_m4 |
| <span class="gp">$ </span>cp<span class="w"> </span>repos/apache-mynewt-core/hw/bsp/nordic_pca10040/src/arch/cortex_m4/gcc_startup_nrf52.s<span class="w"> </span>hw/bsp/myboard/src/arch/cortex_m4/ |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="satisfy-mcu-requirements"> |
| <h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id11">Satisfy MCU requirements</a><a class="headerlink" href="#satisfy-mcu-requirements" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> |
| <p>The MCU package probably requires some build-time configuration. Typically, it is the BSP which provides this configuration. |
| Completing this step will likely involve some trial and error as each unmet requirement gets reported as a build error.</p> |
| <p>Our example nRF52 BSP requires the following changes:</p> |
| <ol class="arabic"> |
| <li><p>Macro indicating MCU type. We add this to our BSP’s <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pkg.yml</span></code> file:</p> |
| <div class="highlight-yaml notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">pkg.cflags</span><span class="p">:</span> |
| <span class="hll"><span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">'-DNRF52'</span> |
| </span></pre></div> |
| </div> |
| </li> |
| <li><p>Enable exactly one low-frequency timer setting in our BSP’s <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">syscfg.yml</span></code> file. This is required by the nRF51 and nRF52 MCU packages:</p> |
| <div class="highlight-yaml notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Settings this BSP overrides.</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">syscfg.vals</span><span class="p">:</span> |
| <span class="hll"><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">XTAL_32768</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">1</span> |
| </span></pre></div> |
| </div> |
| </li> |
| </ol> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="test-it"> |
| <h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id12">Test it</a><a class="headerlink" href="#test-it" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> |
| <p>Now it’s finally time to test the BSP package. Build and load your boot and blinky targets as follows:</p> |
| <div class="highlight-console notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">$ </span>newt<span class="w"> </span>build<span class="w"> </span>boot-myboard |
| <span class="gp">$ </span>newt<span class="w"> </span>load<span class="w"> </span>boot-myboard |
| <span class="gp">$ </span>newt<span class="w"> </span>run<span class="w"> </span>blinky-myboard<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| <p>If everything is correct, the blinky app should successfully build, and you should be presented with a gdb prompt. Type |
| <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">c</span> <span class="pre"><enter></span></code> (continue) to see your board’s LED blink.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="appendix-a-bsp-files"> |
| <h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id13">Appendix A: BSP files</a><a class="headerlink" href="#appendix-a-bsp-files" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> |
| <p>The table below lists the files required by all BSP packages. The naming scheme assumes a BSP called “myboard”.</p> |
| <table class="docutils align-default"> |
| <colgroup> |
| <col style="width: 39%" /> |
| <col style="width: 61%" /> |
| </colgroup> |
| <thead> |
| <tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p><strong>File Path Name</strong></p></th> |
| <th class="head"><p><strong>Description</strong></p></th> |
| </tr> |
| </thead> |
| <tbody> |
| <tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pkg.yml</span></code></p></td> |
| <td><p>Defines a Mynewt package for the BSP.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bsp.yml</span></code></p></td> |
| <td><p>Defines BSP-specific settings.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">include/bsp/bsp.h</span></code></p></td> |
| <td><p>Contains additional BSP-specific settings.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">src/hal_bsp.c</span></code></p></td> |
| <td><p>Contains code to initialize the BSP’s peripherals.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">src/sbrk.c</span></code></p></td> |
| <td><p>Low level heap management required by <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">malloc()</span></code>.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">src/arch/<ARCH>/gcc_startup_myboard.s</span></code></p></td> |
| <td><p>Startup assembly code to bring up Mynewt</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">myboard.ld</span></code></p></td> |
| <td><p>A linker script providing the memory map for a Mynewt application.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">boot-myboard.ld</span></code></p></td> |
| <td><p>A linker script providing the memory map for the Mynewt bootloader.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">myboard_download.sh</span></code></p></td> |
| <td><p>A bash script to download code onto your platform.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">myboard_debug.sh</span></code></p></td> |
| <td><p>A bash script to initiate a gdb session with your platform.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| </tbody> |
| </table> |
| <p>A BSP can also contain the following optional files:</p> |
| <table class="docutils align-default"> |
| <colgroup> |
| <col style="width: 29%" /> |
| <col style="width: 71%" /> |
| </colgroup> |
| <thead> |
| <tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p><strong>File Path Name</strong></p></th> |
| <th class="head"><p><strong>Description</strong></p></th> |
| </tr> |
| </thead> |
| <tbody> |
| <tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">split-myboard.ld</span></code></p></td> |
| <td><p>A linker script providing the memory map for the “application” half of a <a class="reference internal" href="../../modules/split/split.html"><span class="doc">split image</span></a></p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">no-boot-myboard.ld</span></code></p></td> |
| <td><p>A linker script providing the memory map for your bootloader</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">src/arch/<ARCH>/gcc_startup_myboard_split.s</span></code></p></td> |
| <td><p>Startup assembly code to bring up the “application” half of a <a class="reference internal" href="../../modules/split/split.html"><span class="doc">split image</span></a>.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">myboard_download.cmd</span></code></p></td> |
| <td><p>An MSDOS batch file to download code onto your platform; required for Windows support.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">myboard_debug.cmd</span></code></p></td> |
| <td><p>An MSDOS batch file to intiate a gdb session with your platform; required for Windows support.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| </tbody> |
| </table> |
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