This tutorial shows you how to create, build and run the Blinky application on an Arduino Zero board.
This tutorial uses the Arduino Zero Pro board. The tutorial has been tested on the following three Arduino Zero boards - Zero, M0 Pro, and Zero-Pro.
Mynewt has not been tested on Arduino M0 which has no internal debugger support.
Create a new project if you do not have an existing one. You can skip this step and proceed to fetch external packages if you already created a project.
Run the following commands to create a new project:
$ mkdir ~/dev $ cd ~/dev $ newt new myproj Downloading project skeleton from apache/mynewt-blinky... Installing skeleton in myproj... Project myproj successfully created. $ cd myproj $ newt install apache-mynewt-core $
Mynewt uses source code provided directly from the chip manufacturer for low level operations. Sometimes this code is licensed only for the specific manufacturer of the chipset and cannot live in the Apache Mynewt repository. That happens to be the case for the Arduino Zero board which uses Atmel SAMD21. Runtime's github repository hosts such external third-party packages and the newt tool can fetch them.
To fetch the package with MCU support for Atmel SAMD21 for Arduino Zero from the Runtime git repository, you need to add the repository to the project.yml
file in your base project directory.
Here is an example project.yml
file with the Arduino Zero repository added. The sections with mynewt_arduino_zero
that need to be added to your project file are highlighted.
Note: On Windows platforms: You need to set vers
to 0-dev
and use the latest master branch for both repositories.
$ more project.yml project.name: "my_project" project.repositories: - apache-mynewt-core - mynewt_arduino_zero repository.apache-mynewt-core: type: github vers: 1-latest user: apache repo: mynewt-core repository.mynewt_arduino_zero: type: github vers: 1-latest user: runtimeco repo: mynewt_arduino_zero $
NOTE: If there has been a new release of a repo used in your project since you last installed it, the 1-latest
version for the repo in the project.yml
file will refer to the new release and will not match the installed files. In that case you will get an error message saying so and you will need to run newt upgrade
to overwrite the existing files with the latest codebase.
$ newt target create arduino_boot $ newt target set arduino_boot bsp=@mynewt_arduino_zero/hw/bsp/arduino_zero $ newt target set arduino_boot app=@apache-mynewt-core/apps/boot $ newt target set arduino_boot build_profile=optimized Target targets/arduino_boot successfully set target.build_profile to optimized $ newt target set arduino_boot syscfg=BSP_ARDUINO_ZERO_PRO=1 Target targets/arduino_boot successfully set target.syscfg to BSP_ARDUINO_ZERO_PRO=1 $
Note: If you have an Arduino Zero instead of an Arduino Zero Pro or Arduino M0 Pro board, replace BSP_ARDUINO_ZERO_PRO
with BSP_ARDUINO_ZERO
in the last newt target set
command.
These commands perform the following:
arduino_boot
for the Arduino Zero Bootloader.arduino_boot
target to the default Apache Mynewt bootloader (@apache-mynewt-core/apps/boot
)@mynewt_arduino_zero/hw/bsp/arduino_zero
. This is a reference to the downloaded Arduino Zero support from Github.arduino_boot
target. This instructs Newt to generate smaller and more efficient code for this target. This setting is necessary due to the bootloader's strict size constraints.See the Concepts section for more information on setting options.
###Create a Target for the Blinky Application Run the following newt target
commands to create the Blinky application target. We name the application target arduino_blinky
.
$ newt target create arduino_blinky Target targets/arduino_blinky successfully created $ newt target set arduino_blinky app=apps/blinky Target targets/arduino_blinky successfully set target.app to apps/blinky $ newt target set arduino_blinky bsp=@mynewt_arduino_zero/hw/bsp/arduino_zero Target targets/arduino_blinky successfully set target.bsp to @mynewt_arduino_zero/hw/bsp/arduino_zero $ newt target set arduino_blinky build_profile=debug Target targets/arduino_blinky successfully set target.build_profile to debug $ newt target set arduino_blinky syscfg=BSP_ARDUINO_ZERO_PRO=1 Target targets/arduino_boot successfully set target.syscfg to BSP_ARDUINO_ZERO_PRO=1 $
Note: If you have an Arduino Zero instead of a Arduino Zero Pro board, replace BSP_ARDUINO_ZERO_PRO
with BSP_ARDUINO_ZERO
in the last newt target set
command.
Run the newt build arduino_boot
command to build the bootloader:
$ newt build arduino_boot Building target targets/arduino_boot Compiling bin/targets/arduino_boot/generated/src/arduino_boot-sysinit-app.c Compiling repos/apache-mynewt-core/boot/bootutil/src/image_rsa.c Compiling repos/apache-mynewt-core/boot/bootutil/src/image_ec.c Compiling repos/apache-mynewt-core/boot/bootutil/src/image_ec256.c Compiling bin/targets/arduino_boot/generated/src/arduino_boot-sysflash.c Compiling repos/apache-mynewt-core/boot/bootutil/src/image_validate.c Compiling repos/apache-mynewt-core/boot/bootutil/src/bootutil_misc.c Compiling repos/apache-mynewt-core/apps/boot/src/boot.c Compiling repos/apache-mynewt-core/crypto/mbedtls/src/arc4.c Compiling repos/apache-mynewt-core/boot/bootutil/src/loader.c Compiling repos/apache-mynewt-core/crypto/mbedtls/src/aes.c .... Archiving sys_mfg.a Archiving sys_sysinit.a Archiving util_mem.a Linking ~/dev/myproj/bin/targets/arduino_boot/app/apps/boot/boot.elf Target successfully built: targets/arduino_boot
Run the newt build arduino_blinky
command to build the Blinky application image:
$ newt build arduino_blinky Building target targets/arduino_blinky Compiling repos/apache-mynewt-core/hw/hal/src/hal_flash.c Compiling apps/blinky/src/main.c Compiling repos/mynewt_arduino_zero/hw/mcu/atmel/samd21xx/src/sam0/drivers/i2s/i2s.c Compiling repos/mynewt_arduino_zero/hw/bsp/arduino_zero/src/hal_bsp.c Compiling repos/mynewt_arduino_zero/hw/mcu/atmel/samd21xx/src/sam0/drivers/i2s/i2s_callback.c Compiling repos/mynewt_arduino_zero/hw/mcu/atmel/samd21xx/src/sam0/drivers/nvm/nvm.c ... Archiving sys_mfg.a Archiving sys_sysinit.a Archiving util_mem.a Linking ~/dev/myproj/bin/targets/arduino_blinky/app/apps/blinky/blinky.elf Target successfully built: targets/arduino_blinky
Connect your computer to the Arduino Zero (from now on we'll call this the target) with a Micro-USB cable through the Programming Port as shown below. Mynewt will load the image onto the board and debug the target through this port. You should see a green LED come on that indicates the board has power.
No external debugger is required. The Arduino Zero comes with an internal debugger that can be accessed by Mynewt.
The images below show the Arduino Zero Programming Port.
Run the newt load arduino_boot
command to load the bootloader onto the board:
$ newt load arduino_boot Loading bootloader $
The bootloader is loaded onto your board succesfully when the newt load
command returns to the command prompt after the Loading bootloader
status message. You can proceed to load and run your Blinky application image (See Run the Blinky Application).
If the newt load
command outputs the following error messages, you will need to erase the board.
$ newt load arduino_boot -v Loading bootloader Error: Downloading ~/dev/myproj/bin/targets/arduino_boot/app/apps/boot/boot.elf.bin to 0x0 Open On-Chip Debugger 0.9.0 (2015-11-15-05:39) Licensed under GNU GPL v2 For bug reports, read http://openocd.org/doc/doxygen/bugs.html Info : only one transport option; autoselect 'swd' adapter speed: 500 kHz adapter_nsrst_delay: 100 cortex_m reset_config sysresetreq Info : CMSIS-DAP: SWD Supported Info : CMSIS-DAP: JTAG Supported Info : CMSIS-DAP: Interface Initialised (SWD) Info : CMSIS-DAP: FW Version = 01.1F.0118 Info : SWCLK/TCK = 1 SWDIO/TMS = 1 TDI = 1 TDO = 1 nTRST = 0 nRESET = 1 Info : CMSIS-DAP: Interface ready Info : clock speed 500 kHz Info : SWD IDCODE 0x0bc11477 Info : at91samd21g18.cpu: hardware has 4 breakpoints, 2 watchpoints Error: Target not halted
Note: On Windows, openocd and gdb are started in separate Windows Command Prompt terminals, and the terminals are automatically closed when you quit gdb. In addition, the output of openocd is logged to the openocd.log file in your project's base directory instead of the terminal.
$ newt debug arduino_blinky (gdb) mon at91samd chip-erase chip erased chip erased (gdb) x/32wx 0 0x0: 0xffffffff 0xffffffff 0xffffffff 0xffffffff 0x10: 0xffffffff 0xffffffff 0xffffffff 0xffffffff 0x20: 0xffffffff 0xffffffff 0xffffffff 0xffffffff 0x30: 0xffffffff 0xffffffff 0xffffffff 0xffffffff 0x40: 0xffffffff 0xffffffff 0xffffffff 0xffffffff 0x50: 0xffffffff 0xffffffff 0xffffffff 0xffffffff 0x60: 0xffffffff 0xffffffff 0xffffffff 0xffffffff 0x70: 0xffffffff 0xffffffff 0xffffffff 0xffffffff (gdb) q
Reminder if you are using Docker: When working with actual hardware, remember that each board has an ID. If you swap boards and do not refresh the USB Device Filter on the VirtualBox UI, the ID might be stale and the Docker instance may not be able to see the board correctly. For example, you may see an error message like Error: unable to find CMSIS-DAP device
when you try to load or run an image on the board. In that case, you need to click on the USB link in VirtualBox UI, remove the existing USB Device Filter (e.g. “Atmel Corp. EDBG CMSIS-DAP[0101]”) by clicking on the “Removes selected USB filter” button, and add a new filter by clicking on the “Adds new USB filter” button.
After you load the bootloader successfully onto your board, you can load and run the Blinky application.
Run the newt run arduino_blinky 1.0.0
command to build the arduino_blinky target (if necessary), create an image with version 1.0.0, load the image onto the board, and start a debugger session.
Note The output of the debug session below is for Mac OS and Linux platforms. On Windows, openocd and gdb are started in separate Windows Command Prompt terminals. The output of openocd is logged to the openocd.log file in your project's base directory and not to the terminal. The openocd and gdb terminals will close automatically when you quit gdb.
$ newt run arduino_blinky 1.0.0 App image succesfully generated: ~/dev/myproj/bin/targets/arduino_blinky/app/apps/blinky/blinky.img Loading app image into slot 1 [~/dev/myproj/repos/mynewt_arduino_zero/hw/bsp/arduino_zero/arduino_zero_debug.sh ~/dev/myproj/repos/mynewt_arduino_zero/hw/bsp/arduino_zero ~/dev/myproj/bin/targets/arduino_blinky/app/apps/blinky/blinky] Open On-Chip Debugger 0.9.0 (2015-11-15-13:10) Licensed under GNU GPL v2 For bug reports, read http://openocd.org/doc/doxygen/bugs.html Info : only one transport option; autoselect 'swd' adapter speed: 500 kHz adapter_nsrst_delay: 100 cortex_m reset_config sysresetreq Info : CMSIS-DAP: SWD Supported Info : CMSIS-DAP: JTAG Supported Info : CMSIS-DAP: Interface Initialised (SWD) Info : CMSIS-DAP: FW Version = 01.1F.0118 Info : SWCLK/TCK = 1 SWDIO/TMS = 1 TDI = 1 TDO = 1 nTRST = 0 nRESET = 1 Info : CMSIS-DAP: Interface ready Info : clock speed 500 kHz Info : SWD IDCODE 0x0bc11477 Info : at91samd21g18.cpu: hardware has 4 breakpoints, 2 watchpoints target state: halted target halted due to debug-request, current mode: Thread xPSR: 0x21000000 pc: 0x0000fca6 psp: 0x20002408 GNU gdb (GNU Tools for ARM Embedded Processors) 7.8.0.20150604-cvs Copyright (C) 2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc. License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html> This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it. There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law. Type "show copying" and "show warranty" for details. This GDB was configured as "--host=x86_64-apple-darwin10 --target=arm-none-eabi". Type "show configuration" for configuration details. For bug reporting instructions, please see: <http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/bugs/>. Find the GDB manual and other documentation resources online at: <http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/documentation/>. For help, type "help". Type "apropos word" to search for commands related to "word"... Reading symbols from ~/dev/myproj/bin/targets/arduino_blinky/app/apps/blinky/blinky.elf...(no debugging symbols found)...done. Info : accepting 'gdb' connection on tcp/3333 Info : SAMD MCU: SAMD21G18A (256KB Flash, 32KB RAM) 0x0000fca6 in os_tick_idle () target state: halted target halted due to debug-request, current mode: Thread xPSR: 0x21000000 pc: 0x000000b8 msp: 0x20008000 target state: halted target halted due to debug-request, current mode: Thread xPSR: 0x21000000 pc: 0x000000b8 msp: 0x20008000 (gdb) r The "remote" target does not support "run". Try "help target" or "continue". (gdb) c Continuing.
NOTE: The 1.0.0 is the version number to assign to the image. You may assign an arbitrary version number. If you are not providing remote upgrade, and are just developing locally, you can provide 1.0.0 for every image version.
If you want the image to run without the debugger connected, simply quit the debugger and restart the board. The image you programmed will come and run on the Arduino on next boot!